Full text of "The Granite monthly, a New Hampshire magazine, devoted to literature, history, and state progress"

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Publislied Moutlilv) at Concord, N. H.
Bv, THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents

JANUARY 1923

The Month in New Hampshire 5

Fred H. Brown Robert Jackson 10

A Program for Taxation Raymond B. Stevens \7

N. H. Women Legislators Lillian M. Ainsworth 20

Last Year of the Old Regime H. H. Mctcalf 21

A Mystery of Colonial Days George IV. Jennings 25

The School in Action — ^A Review J'ierre La J^ose 32

Necrology 39

The N. H. State Government 1923 43

lor NEXT MONTH

Will Contain Amon^ Otlier Tilings

The Water That Goes Over the Dam Does No Work Hon. George J). Lcighton
A Plea for the Development of N. H. Water Powers

New Hampshire's Educational Plant H. B. Stevens

Account of the Work and Needs of the N. H. State College

Twentieth Century Manchester Vivian Savacool

A History of the Recent Growth of Manchester

Peter Livius the Troul)le Maker Lazvrence Shatv Mayo

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Vol. LV.

JANUARY, 1923

No. 1

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

IF you should walk down Main
Street, Concord, you would pro-
bably see from time to time little
groups of men gathered together
in heated conversation. If you are
curious and should want to know
what they are talking about you don't
need to inquire. It is about the forty-
eight hour law. For there is no pub-
lic question that has called forth more
discussion, none over which opinions
have varied more radically and none
which more intimately touches the
welfare and prosperity of the state.
We in New Hampshire have a law
limiting women to fifty- four hourg
per week and ten and one- fourth
hours per day. In comparing 'this
law with those of some other states
we find that five states : California,
Massachusetts, Utah, North Dakota
and Oregon, have forty-eight hour
weeks for women in industry, while
Ohio has a fifty hour week. Nine
states limit the work of women to
eight hours per day, ten to nine hours
per day. All the government em-
l)loyees are on an eight hour day.
On the other side of the water we
find that France and Belgium have
universal forty-eight hour weeks.
Germany has a universal eight hour
dav, while in England the cotton
spinning and manufacturing industry
is on a forty-eight hour week by
agreement between the employers and
employees. On the other hand, the
great cotton-growing states, those
states which are the main competitors
of our principal industry, the textile,
permit their women to work from

fifty-six to sixty hours per week and
from ten to twelve hours per day.

When the nine months' strike in
the textile industry ended last month,
the principal point at issue, the forty-
eight hour week for women and chil-
dren versus the fifty- four hour week,
was not settled. The workers, to be
sure, went back on a fifty-four hour
schedule, with, however, the public
announcement that as far as they
were concerned it was but a tempo-
rary truce, pending the decision of
the legislature.

What will the legislature do?

417 men sit in the House of Rep-
resentatives. Of these 221 are
Democrats pledged to the immediate
enactment of a forty-eight hour law,
196 are Republicans who, while pledg-
ing themselves to a national forty-
eight hour law and expressing sym-
pathy "for all those who would put
an end to all forms of child labor
and who work to abridge the hours
of women employed in industry," de-
mand, before any action be taken in
regard to a state forty-eight hour law,
an investigation of the possible ef-
fects on New Hampshire industry of
the passage of such a law with a re-
l)ort to be made to tliis legislature be-
fore adjournment. In the Senate we
find a Repul)lican majority. The Gov-
ernor's Council, too, is Republican,
while the Governor is a (Democrat
and a very keen and ardent believer
in the forty-eight hour week.

It is prol^able that most of the
Democrats will support with vigor
the forty-eight hour law. It was in

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

their platform, and on this issue they
largely made and won their cam-
paign.

Just what the Repuhlicans will do
is not so certain. Senator Moses, on
being asked this question, said, "The
Republican members of the New
Hampshire Legislature should attend
to their duties in man fashion and on
the forty-eight hour law should al^ide
by the platform adopted by the Re-
publican State Convention." The
Manchester Union speaks in even
stronger terms. * "Sight should never
be lost by Republicans," it declares,
"of the fact that the Republican party
of this state is definitely and unequiv-
ocally on record in favor of the prin-
ciple of the forty-eight hour working
week for women engaged in industry
— it is also on record in favor of a
most searching, impartial and candid
examination of some of the probable
effects of the enactment of the forty-
eight hour law in this state .... Under
this pledge and taking into consider-
ation the proportion of the vote on
November 7th which may l)e jiroper-
ly interpreted as an assumption on
the part of the public that such a law
should be passed unless it can be
definitely and clearly shown that en-
forcement of such a statute would be
disastrous to manufacturing indus-
tries, the Republican party which is in
clear control of the Senate can do no
other than promptly and without hes-
itation to set up the machinery to
get the facts before the pub-
lic — and let the issue of the forty-
eight hour law proposal stand or fall
on this showing."

'T'iiERE are, however, powerful in-
terests opposing the forty-eight
hour week, interests whose views and
wishes, in spite of party platforms,
cannot help l:)ut have a profound in-
fluence on many. The New Hamp-

shire State Grange for instance, has
gone on record as against the forty-
eight hour week. At their convention
last month a resolution condemning
the principle of the forty-eight hour
law was unanimously adopted and
farmers for the most part are un-
doul)tedly opposed to this law. They
say that it is well nigh impossible to
keep help on the farm at sixty hours
]^er week when occupation can be
found in the city at a living wage of
a forty-eight hour week and that
during the war when industry op-
crated largely on a forty-eight hour
schedule, there was an acute and ac-
tual shortage of farm help. The
farmer, they believe, labors under a
great financial disadvantage when he
has to produce his goods on a week
of sixty hours while he buys goods
produced on a forty-eight hour week.

The manufacturing and business
interests of New Hampshire are also
in general most vigorously opposed
to this measure. Eaton D. Sargent,
l)resident of the New Hampshire
Manufacturers' Association, which
represent three hundred thirty New
Hampshire industries, writes that the
forty-eight hour week is "distinctly

an economic issue I believe that

I voice not only my own but also the
oi)inion of the great body of manu-
facturers large and small when I ex-
press my belief that a maximum
forty-eight hours for women and
minjtrs should not be fixed by legis-
lative enactment."

The jirincipal organizations and
groups of people who are fight-
ing for the forty-eight hour week are
the Labor Unions and the Industrial
Workers. They have, however, a
strong ally in public opinion, which
in the state and nationally is becom-
ing increasingly sympathetic to tlie
principle of the forty-eight hour
week. The recent and rather

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

dramatic Democratic victory is an in-
dication of the public sentiment.

The Paris Peace Conference in
1919 recommended "the adoption of
an eight hour day and a forty-eight
hour week as a standard to be aimed
at where it has not already been at-
tained." And the Congress of the
United States "has estabHshed the
eight hour day as the standard in
government service for workers 'in
profitable employment engaged on
government contracts." Among the
jirominent men who have come out
for the forty-eight hour law is John
D. Rockfeller, jr.. who says: "Sub-
ject only to the demands of national
emergency, modern industry is justi-
fied in accepting the eight hour day
and the six day week. While the
ado]ition of these standards may and
doubtless will at first entail increased
costs of production, I am confident
that in the long run, greater efficiency
and economy will result."

Another rather striking indication
of the growth of the forty-eight hour
week is shown in a recent announce-
ment of the Department of Com-
merce which states that "the returns
of the 1919 census of manufacturers
indicates a general and marked de-
crease in the prevailing hours of la-
bor. Of the 9,096.372 wage earners

reported 48.6 per cent, were

employed in establishments where the
prevailing hours of labor per week
were forty-eight or under, while in
the year 1914, the num-
ber employed in this class of estab-
lishment was 11.8 per cent, of

the total number of wage earners."

AND so the legislator, whose duty
it is to represent the public and
who desires to help pass those meas-
ures which may do the greatest good
to the greatest number, finds himself
face to face with a problem which at

every step seems to become more
and more perplexing and more and
more difficult to solve.

On the one hand, he is told that
while mills in a cotton state increas-
ed two and one-half times in twenty
years, textile mills in New Eng-
land only increased one-third and
that New Hampshire industries on a
forty-eight hour schedule cannot
continue to survive in competition
with the southern textile mills with
their advantage in qheaper cost of
living, cheaper power and raw ma-
erial, their cheaper labor and a fifty-
six to sixty hour schedule. Presi-
edent J. H. Hustis, of the Boston &
Maine Railroad writes : "There are
constantly coming to our attention
cases of industries seeking locations,
many of which fail to locate within
New England because of what are
regarded as certain already severe
restrictive laws." And the president
of the New Hampshire Manufactur-
ing Association makes the statement
that "New Hampshire cannot enjoy a
reasonable prosperity vmless her man-
ufacturing industries are prosperous.
It is for the best interests of the state
to encourage nianufacuring rather
than to discourage it by the enact-
ment of any law which will make
successful enterprises more difficult if
not impossible."

On the other hand, the supporters
of the forty-eight hour schedule flat-
ly deny most of these contentions.
They deny that southern competition
necessitates an increase in hours be-
yond the forty-eight hour week.
They cite figures showing a steady
and remarkable increase in the earn-
ings and profits of the Amoskeag
Corporation during the last twenty
years, the last three years oper-
ated on a forty-eight hour schedule
being the most profitable of all.
Thev point to Massachusetts which,

8 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

with a forty-eight hour schedule for for women are those who beheve that

the last four years, has been able to if the forty-eight hour schedule will

compete very successfully with the be, under present conditions, a handi-

south. cap to New England industry, then

They also argue that from the so- our industries must change these
ciological point of view women conditions. They believe the forty-
should not be permitted to work more eight hour schedule from a socio-
than forty-eight hours per week, logical point of view must come and
"We must concede" says Mrs. Ar- they believe that New England in-
nold Yantis, Republican member of dustry, through increased efficiency,
the House from Manchester "that through that initiative and resource
eight hours is a long enough time for heretofore characteristic of our busi-
a woman or child to toil at hard la- ness men, must and can overcome any
bor. When anyone works to the economic handicap which may at
point of fatigue, the quality of the present exist,
work suffers and the health of the
worker is injured. Women and chil- JT is easy to imagine, with all these

dren are not machines Our radical difference of opinion, how

high infant mortality in Manchester difficult will be the task of the legisla-

is due in part to our present indus- ture in trying to make a wise decision

trial conditions, according to the re- and one which will be for the best

port of the Children's Bureau in the interests of New Hampshire as a

Department of Labor." And Dr. whole.

George W. Webster of the Illinois ( )ne grave menace to the pu1.)lic
Industrial Survey, appointed by Gov- welfare, according to Ex-Gov. Bass
ernor Lowden in 1918, says: "Sure- is the danger that the next legisla-
ly it is not enough that a woman is ture may become involved in an dis-
able to endure the hardshij^s and fa- astrous class struggle with the work-
tigue of a ten hour day and not die — ers aligned against the farmers, the
women should and do mean more to city against the country. Powerful
our country than mere machines, interests he believes, will bitterly op-
The science of physiology and psy- pose not only the forty-eight hour
chology, the law, the decisions of the law but also the tax reform that the
courts, the example of Congress, the farmer so vigorously advocates.
Peace Conference, the joint interests There is no way he says, "that these
of both employer and employee, the interests could so effectively accom-
right of society expressed in the plish their purpose as to align the
voice of an enlightened social con- farmer against the industrial work-
science all unite in favoring the es- er, hoi)ing thereby to create a dead-
tablishment of the eight hour day as lock and prevent any action on either
the maximum which should be re- issue."

quired of women in industry. For That such an alignment may pos-

upon women depends the vigor of the sibly develop is clearly indicated by

race, and the vigor of the race must a recent statement of Horace A. Riv-

not be exploited for present day pur- iere, organizer for the United Tex-

poses instead of for racial conversa- tile Workers of America, who says :

tion." "The labor interest, in the next legis-

Among the supporters of the prin- lature are going to stage the bitter-

ciple of the forty-eight hour week est fight ever made in this state for

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE 9

the reduction of working hours, and promote the best interests of the av-

if tliey do not gain their point, and erage man and woman throughout

the farm district members are res- the state."

ponsible for the reverse, then I pre- After reviewing all these conflict-
diet there will be few if any bills ing arguments and statements it is
passed in the legislature which will not hard to prophesy that the next
aid the agriculturists." session of the legislature will be one
"Such a class alignment," declares of the liveliest and most agitating in
Ex-Gov. Bass, "would have a most many a year. A wise decision in
harmful and far-reaching effect, this matter is so vital to the welfare
Measures would then be acted upon of so many people and so important
not on merits but as a solution of the to the prosperity of the state, that
blind opposition of one class of feeling is bound to run high with

people to another To dispose many becoming extremely bitter.

of legislative measures by this device Very timely indeed is the meeting in
is to sacrifice public interests for pri- Concord on January 11 of the New
vate personal advantage. I feel sure Hampshire Civic Organization to
that the mature judgment and hard discuss the forty-eight hour law for
common sense of our people of New women and children engaged in in-
Hampshire will not sanction such a dustry. Henry Dennison of Denni-
procedure. Neither do I believe son Manufacturing Co. will give a
that the rank and file of legislators talk on the problem of the forty-
will approve of it. They will ap- eight hour law. Representatives of
proach these important matters in an organized labor and of the manufac-
open-minded attitude, securing full- turing association will discuss their
est information. . . .before they make points of view, while agricultural in-
up their minds and then take such terests will be represented by Rich-
action as is for the best interests of ard Pattee, Director of the New
the state as a whole. Above all, we England Milk Producers' Associa-
should not support or countenance tion and once Master of the New
any class alignment or any trading Hampshire State Grange. It is ex-
of support or opposition to important pected that this meeting will be large-
measures. As a member of the leg- ly attended and it is hoped the dis-
islature, I shall consider each ques- cussions will help clear up some of
tion separately on its merits after the more radical differences of opin-
weighing all the evidence. I shall ion and be a means of bringing people
act as a representative of no one nearer to a better and more enlighten-
class, but will try to give fair and ed understanding of the problem as
unprejudiced consideration to all ele- a whole,
ments and support such bills as will

FRED H. BROWN

By Robert Jackson

IN keeping with the general dis-
location wrought by war, political
majorities the world over have be-
come astonishingly unstable. In
New Hampshire it has been evident
for some years past that the centre of
political gravity has not rested in
either of the great parties but was
rather to be sought in a steadily in-
creasing body of independent opinion
not definitely inclined toward either
Democratic or Republican tenets,
which has been swinging from one
side to the other, little influenced by
partisan considerations. Notwith-

standing general recognition of this
development, there was something
cataclysmic in the efifect of the tre-
mendous reversal of public sentiment
at the last election. In a brief two years
a Republican plurality of 31,000 was
converted into a Democratic plurality
of 11,000 although the total vote cast
but slightly exceeded 131,000. Tak-
ing percentages into account, New
Hampshire registered the greatest
political overturn recorded in the
country.

Like the great convulsions of
nature, the event broke without warn-
ing. There was no Cassandra seek-
ing to arouse overconfident Republi-
cans against impending danger. No
Democratic Isaiah foretold a Babylon
fallen. It was indeed a tide too full
for sound or foam and it swept out
of the gray mist of that November
morning and passed on, leaving victor
and vanquished alike lost in amaze.
Political observers and analysts have
been busy assigning responsibility to
one cause or another. Worldwide
economic forces played their part and
general dissatisfaction and industrial
unrest, especially acute in the state's

manufacturing communities, were in-
dubitable agencies in the Republican
defeat. But whatever reasons may
be assigned for the recent debacle, the
victory of the Democratic candidate
for governor was too overwhelming
not to be construed as a personal
triumph and it is clear that his salient
and attractive personality supplied
the final element essential to so de-
cisive a result.

The orthodox biographical sketch
is fashioned to a rigid formula which
leaves much to be desired. It recites
the date and place of its subject's
birth, the names of his father and
mother — her maiden name scrupu-
lously enclosed in parenthesis, the
schools and colleges he attended.
It records the titles and dignities he
has acquired, not omitting corpora-
tion directorates, club memberships
and fraternal affiliations. It affirms his
unswerving allegiance to the principles
of this religious faith and that poli-
tical party, and usually concludes with
a defiant declaration, carrying some-
how a hint of the "Believe it or Not"
cartoons, that he is a well beloved and
highly respected member of his com-
munity. All of which is about as
valuable for the purpose of gaining
knowledge of the individual as would
be a description of the clothes he
wears.

It is a simple enough matter to say
of Fred Brown that he was born in
Ossipee in 1879, that his father is
Dana J. Brown (who, by the way,
looks no older than his son), and that
his mother's name is Nellie Allen
Brown ; that he was educated at Dow
Academy in Franconia, Dartmouth
College and Boston University Law
School. At Dartmouth he was a

FRED H. BROWN

member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon
fraternity. It may also be noted in
passing that he was a freshman in the
Class of 1903 when Channing Cox,
governor of Massachusetts, was a
junior in the Class oi 1901. There
was a transparency in the parade at
the Somersworth celebration proclaim-
ing that "he rode the goat and got the
vote" so it is probably safe to add that

Fred H. Brown

in uniform

he is a Mason. In religion he is a
Congregationalist. That he is a Demo-
crat has recently been widely adver-
tised. He is unmarried and has been
mayor of Somersworth so long that
almost the memory of man runneth
not to the contrary. A Wilson and
Marshall elector in 1912, he was ap-
pointed United States District Attor-
ney in 1914 and served until 1922.
Adhering to our formula, it may be
added that he is apparently well
thought of in his home town.

But after these items, all and singu-
lar, have been duly recorded, you still
have left the man himself untouched.
The recital throws no light on a per-
sonality which has made him so for-
midable a political champion. Let it
not be forgotten that he has never
been defeated in a contest for public
office and this notwithstanding his
party has been a minority party.
What is the secret of his remarkable
vote-getting power? There isn't any
secret about it. If you knew a man of
agreeable manner, who was straight-
forward, easy to know and under-
stand, courageous, square, a good
story teller himself and an apprecia-
tive listener to your stories, and in
addition he possessed a great fund of
common sense, you would think he
was a pretty good man to vote for,
even if he were the candidate of the
opposing party. Well. Fred Brown
has all these attributes. Moreover,
he has certain special characteristics
that add materially to his strengh as
a popular leader.

First, he is thoroughly a New
Hampshire product. He was born
here, spent his youth here, was edu-
cated here, and has lived his life here.
He thinks and feels and acts just as
a great majority of his fellow New
Hampshire men think and feel and
act. He understands them and they
understand him. If an expert psy-
chologist could measure his impulses
and reactions and compare them
with the impulses and reactions of a
thousand New Hampshire men chosen
at random for the purpose, it would
probably appear that his line on the
chart diverged but slightly from the
average. Such a man enjoys a tre-
mendous advantage in the field of
politics. It is unnecessary for him
to speculate on the attitude of the
electorate. He knows and sympa-
thize? with that attitude instinctively.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

His own reactions will inevitably and
unconsciously be the reactions of a
majority. Thus he advocates his
views with all the sincerity and force
that spring from profound convic-
tion, while a less fortunate opponent
must resort to the faltering gestures
of expediency.

In spite of the occasional ascend-
ency of gentlemen who, in the in-
cisive words of a North Country pa-
triach, deal mainly in "hokum, bunk
and plain damn lies," true simplicity
is never a handicap to the man who
goes before the people as a political
candidate. Craft, like wrong, occa-
sionally gazes smugly from the
throne at simplicity upon the scaflFold.
But never for long. The new gover-
nor is simple and he is modest to a
fault. But his modesty has nothing
of timidity in it, and his simplicity is
the simplicity of strength. Consider
for a moment the large photograph
which illustrates this article. It is the
face of a man you can trust. Like-
wise, it is the face of a hard man to
frighten and, it might be added, a
hard man to fool.

Then, too, supreme gift of the
gods, he is endowed with a keen
sense of humor. You may rely up-
on his instant appreciation of the
comic under any circumstances. At
Somersworth, when they celebrated
his election, speaker after speaker
nominated him for future honors,
beginning with a second term as gov-
ernor and reaching a climax when
the presiding officer introduced him
as a potential occupant of the White
House. You could see the incipient
smile grow upon the face of the
governor-elect until it burst into a
hearty, spontaneous, full-sized laugh.
*Tf there had been any more speak-
ers here tonight," he said "I guess
I'd have been nominated for ruler of
the world." No need to worry lest

such a man be spoiled by praise too

fulsome.

Fred Brown was for a time a pro-
fessional baseball player. He played
on several teams, the best of which
was the Boston Nationals. Before
that he played at Dartmouth. It is
no exaggeration to say that he was
(he best all-round ball player who
has matriculated at Hanover in the
last thirty years. Very few catchers
in the history of the game can have
excelled him in throwing to bases.
The ball travelled like a bullet and
always true to the mark.

Those of you who are versed in
the technique of baseball, ponder
these facts. At Williamstown, Wil-
liams base runners three times at-
tempted to steal second. Each time
the runner was caught so far off the
bag that instead of continuing and
taking a chance on sliding, he turned
Iiack and attempted to regain the
base he had just left. And these
men were the fastest and most skill-
ful base runners on the Williams
team. I doubt if so prodigious a
feat has been surpassed in a game be-
tween teams of this class. In a game
between Somersworth and Dover, the
Dover management had rounded up
a group of professionals from the
New England, Eastern and National
Leagues, including Hugh Duffy, for
several years the heaviest hitter in the
National League, and George Ma-
honey of the St. Louis Cardinals.
Pitching for Somersworth, Fred
Brown struck out fifteen men, Duffy
being a victim twice and Mahoney
three times. His team was victori-
ous by a score of 4 to and he drove
in two of those runs with a terrific
three base hit, scoring himself im-
mediately afterward. While at
Dartmouth his batting average ex-
ceeded .400. Above all, he was a
great competitor and rose to his

FRED H. BROWN

greatest heights under the extreme
pressure of emergencies. Such in-
frequent mistakes as he made came
when they cost tlte least and in a
crisis, when the result of a game
hung in the balance, he was supreme.
He gained his preparatory educa-
tion at Dow Academy in Franconia.
This school, less known than its
merit deserves, is set in a physical
environment of incomparable beauty.
Dominating the eastern horizon rises
the mighty summit of Mt. Lafayette
where morning and evening the
slanting rays of the sun kindle into
white flame the cross high on its up-
thrust shoulder. To the southward
dreams the exquisite Landafif Valley,
its more distant meadows half lost
under the shadowy charm of Moosi-
lauke. Close at hand a little river,
the south branch of the Ammonoo-
suc, hurries noisily over its shallows.
A typical New England village of
white houses with green blinds strag-
gles along a mile or so of the main
street. It was in this setting, on an
afternoon in May of the early nine-
ties, that I first saw the boy who is
now to be Governor. It was at a
time in my life when I labored
under the delusion that I was
a pitcher of promise. The in-
nocent victims of my ambition
were my fellow players from the
Littleton High School. The game
with Dow Academy had assumed an
importance in our young lives such
as no world's series has ever yet at-
tained. There was a chubby, blond
boy about fourteen catching on the
academy team. Nothing tmuc'h 'had
happened until about the middle of
the game when this boy came to bat
with two on bases and two out.
Some misguided philosopher says
the mind automatically rejects un-
pleasant memories. It is not true.
As I write, nearly thirty years after,

I recall vividly my efiforts to keep the
ball on the inside corner. I can hear
the crack of that bat and see the low
trajectory of the ball as it sped over
the centrefielder's head and into the
river for a home run. I conceived
an instant respect for the prowess
of that chubby, blond lad which has
never diminished in the years that
have since elapsed.

Later at Hanover, in a game
against Brown University, I saw
him at a crucial moment score the
present vice president of the West-
ern Electric Company and a prospec-
tive \"ermont bank president with a
smoking single over short, while he
who is now president of Dartmouth
and another who is now Governor of
Massachusetts howled their heads off
as undergraduate rooters in the stands.
And then he saved the game he had
already won by digging a low throw
out of the dirt and, utterly reckless
of plunging spikes, putting the ball
unfalteringly on the runner as he
came crashing into the plate. There
is the acid test of courage and poise.
Let him who doubts try the experi-
ment. These two incidents are per-
haps of trivial importance in them-
selves but they serve to illustrate a
habit Fred Brown has. He can be
depended upon in emergencies and he
will do fearlessly whatever is neces-
sary be done.

In the recent primary campaign he
was waited upon by a delegation who
took exception to the manner in
which he had maintained order on a
certain occasion of industrial trouble
in Somersworth. They received
short shrift. After stating that if
the same circumstances arose again,
he would follow the same course, he
added "I don't want votes on condi-
tions. But here is something for
you gentlemen to think over. You
need me more than I need you." To

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

their credit let it be said that they
supported him.

The campaign was remarkably free
from personalities and from the
abuse and vilification which too fre-
quently have stained political con-
tests of other years. Almost at its
very close, however, one Republican
speaker made a bitter personal at-
tack upon the Democratic candidate
which was given a conspicuous dis-
play upon the front page of the
leading daily newspaper of the state.

Fred Brown read it carefully

and laughed. "In his first paragraph
he has only made three misstate-
ments of fact," he said, "but this out-
burst reminds me that this gentleman
one time aspired to be a prizefighter.
He came to Somersworth to fight
Arthur Cote. Cote was too fast for
him and jabbed him into a state of
exasperation with a fast left hand.
So at the beginning of the third
round, our orator rushed from his
(lorner, threw both arms abouf his
opponent's neck and bit him in the
ear. He's trying similar tactics on
me. Let it go without comment."
There you have the saving grace of
a sense of humor and common sense.
And in mentioning the latter quali-
ty, it may be said that if the School
of Life conferred degrees, it would
proclaim Fred Brown Master of
Common Sense.

No recital of anecdotes connected
with the governor-elect would be com-
plete without including one of a dis-
tinctly humorous character which
concerns Hanover in the winter of
1900. Dartmouth men of that day
will remember the "Golden Corner"
where now the ample porch of Col-
lege Hall lifts its slender columns
and the youth of this academic gen-
eration gather to while away their
hours of ease in speculation on the

l^rospects of the team and leisurely
observation of the passing throng.
There then stood on this site a huge
mansion of amorphous architecture
which once had been the residence of
a citizen of affluence and importance,
but now, long since subjected to the
democratizing influences of time,
served the unromantic but utilitarian
purpose of housing Lew Mead's drug
store and Davidson's dry goods em-
porium. In Lew Mead's, men gath-
ered between classes to "cut the
book" for drinks and cigarettes, oc-
casionally varying the monotony by
indulgence in a particularly vicious
pastime which consisted in casually
lifting an egg from the cut glass
bowl which rested upon the soda
fountain bar and surreptitiously plac-
ing it in the coat pocket of some un-
suspecting customer whose attention
was concentrated for the moment up-
on other afifairs. The climax came
when the egg was scrambled by a sud-
den blow upon the outside of the
pocket. The surprise and horror of
the victim as he drew exploring fin-
gers dripping yellow albuminoids
from the pocket's dreadful depths
were only exceeded by the spontane-
ous and lurid warmth of his vocabu-
lary, while the perpetrator of the out-
rage sought sanctuary in parts remote
vAul more secure. A contemporan-
eous practice which, after the fashion
of so many of the exotic conceits of a
college community, attained a con-
siderable vogue only to lapse into
desuetude, was usually reserved for
the early hours of the tranquil Han-
over evenings. A window would be
raised in Reed or Sanborn or Crosby
as youthful impulse prompted and ex-
uberant spirits would find expression
in a prolonged, stentorian howl of no
significance whatever. Immediately
other windows would go up and an-

FRED H. BROWN

swering voices give tongue until the
swelling clamor filled the night with
bedlam. When the group urge for
vocal expression had been satisfied,
the tumult would subside and the
dark resume its wonted calm.

Fred Brown roomed on the top
floor of Davidson's Block above
Mead's drug store. One February
night he had been visiting in Thorn-
ton Hall and about midnight start-
ed to return home across the campus.
Half way to his destination his at-
tention was arrested by what he
thought was smoke issuing from the
roof of the Davidson building. After
a moment he concluded it was some
illusion of frost and continued on his
way. But when he reached the side-
walk in front of the block it was all
too clear that it was smoke and more ;
sparks and flame were distinctly visi-
ble. He looked about. No living
thing was in sight. The silence and
solitude were complete. He filled
his lungs, threw back his head, and
at the top of his voice shouted "Fire !"
Again and again the cry rang through
the astringent winter air. For a
moment or two there was no response.
Then a window flew up and an angry
voice bellowed, "Go to bed, you
drunken fool !" Other Windows
were raised and other voices joined
the chorus, "Shut up, you're drunk!"
"Go to sleep!" "Lock' him up!" and
advice of a similar tenor shattered
the night air until the entire campus
resounded with the hubbub. Mean-
while, the discoverer of danger, in-
diff"erent to satire and deaf to taunts,
continued his endeavors to lift his
own voice above the din and to arouse
a stubbornly incredulous community
to its peril. His frantic efiforts only
served to stimulate his detractors to
new invention of epithet and more
blatant shouts. His alarm increased.

The flames were rapidly approaching
the room which sheltered his own
lares and penates, such as they were,
for it cannot truthfully be said that
he e\er devoted much attention ito
making his apartment other than an
abode of Spartan simplicity. The
situation rapidly became hopeless.
The Dartmouth motto "Vox claman-
tis in deserto," adopted by Eleazer
Wheelock when the greater part of
New Hampshire and Vermont was
shrouded in lonely leagues of green
forest, was justifying a modern ap-
plication ; but the unheeded voice
was crying not in a wilderness of si-
lence, but in a wilderness of sound.
At last, after ten minutes of uproar,
someone divined that it was not all a
joke and turned in an alarm. But the
damage had been done. The build-
ing burned to the ground. More of
the contents might have been salvag-
ed had not those engaged in the work
of rescue suddenly developed a re-
finement of taste hitherto unsuspect-
ed and paused overlong in Davidson's
store making choice of articles of
clothing of their own sizes and favor-
ite designs before proceeding with
their task. Legend has it that one
deliberately tried on four pairs of
rubber boots and six Mackinaws be-
fore finding the proper sizes while
the flames consumed the flooring at
his very feet. To add to the excite-
ment, two others, reported to be Er-
nest Martin Hopkins and Guy Ham,
with great exertion and meticulous at-
tempts to avoid scratches, dragged an
upright piano to a third floor window
and then dropped it crashing to the
ground. In justice to the gentlemen
named, it should be said that the re-
port of their identity has never been
confirmed. And it is probably safe
to say that when Fred Brown again
has a communication to make to the

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

citizens of Hanover, his words will
be accorded a different reception than
they received on that frosty midnight
twenty-two years ago.

Doubtless it would be easy to jus-
tify the assertion that no New
Hampshire chief executive has con-
cluded his term of office without
having errors of omission or com-
mission justly charged against him.
Some bold statistician has figured
that if you are right three times out
of five in solving the ordinary prob-
lems of life you are entitled to a
place in the ranks of the truly great.
How should we rate a governor then
who maintains this average the while
he grapples with questions infinitely
more perplexing and about which
too frequently the blind, unreason-
ing, relentless partisans are ranged
in two great hordes? And yet how
often that average is exceeded. The
new governor will not prove infalli-
ble. Certain it is to those who
know him that he would be the last
to claim infallibility. But it is equal-
ly sure that the sanity of mind which
enables him to see things in their
true perspective will not permit him
to go far astray.

Already the misanthropes are cry-
ing trouble because it happens that
a majority of the governor's council
which, under our constitution, forms
an integral part of the executive
branch of the government are of Re-
publican faith. May I be pardoned
for venturing into the field of pro-

phecy. The Jeremiahs will be dis-
appointed. The members of the
council are not unknown quantities.
They are all men of ability who have
had wide experience in public affairs
and who enjoy the confidence of
their fellow citizens to an unusual
degree. There has never been a cir-
cumstance in their public careers
which would justify the inference
that they would resort to narrowly
partisan or obstructive tactics in an
effort to gain some petty personal or
political advantage. Differences of
opinion will undoubtedly arise ; but
they will be honest differences of
opinion which will be composed on
both sides in a spirit of mutual tol-
eration and co-operation. They will
be confronted by difficult and urgent
problems. Instead of wasting time
and effort in dissension, there will be
a concerted effort to give to New
Hampshire the best administration
of which they are capable.

And now one suggestion to the
councilors. Some day when you are
gathered in the high-vaulted council
chamber under the benign gaze of
those old governors who look down
upon you from its walls, and the
pressure of business relaxes so that
you have an idle hour upon your
hands, persuade this new governor
to tell you tales drawn from his ex-
periences on the diamond, in the
courts and the political arena. For
he is a raconteur of parts.

A PROGRAM FOR TAXATION

By Raymond B. Stevens.

THE most important and difti-
cult question before the com-
ing legislature is the ques-
tion of taxation. Taxation
has always been and always will
be a continual problem, but in
New Hampshire today it is par-
ticularly acute. All students of our
state tax system have long realized
that our system of taxation is anti-
quated, and entirely inadequate for
modern conditions. Moreover, the
tremendous increase in recent years
in the amount of money raised for
public purposes has made the in-
equalities of that system especially
burdensome. The causes of the in-
equalities are two. First, the un-
equal assessment of property sub-
ject to taxation. Second, the
large a'mount of wealth which es-
capes any contribution to the pub-
lic expenditures. Of these two
causes, the second is by far the
more important. Eighty per cent,
of all the taxes in the state are
raised from real estate which in-
cludes, of course, buildings and im-
provements. The balance of twen-
ty per cent, is largely covered by
taxes on live .stock, stock in trade,
automobiles, and savings bank tax.
The wealth of the state repre-sent-
ed by investments in securities,
stocks, bonds, and notes contributes
practically nothing. This amount
of wealth has been estimated at
anywhere from $500,000,000 to $1,-
000.000,000. It undoubtedly exceeds
the total amount of all taxable
wealth, which is between $500,000-
000 and $600,000,000. Stock with
the exception of that of national
banks is not taxable at all in any
form. Bonds and notes are taxed
as property at the going rate of

taxation and at their full face value.
This method of taxation is clearly
confiscatory. A thousand dollar
railroad bond paying five per cent.
interest or fifty dollars per year is
assessed for one thousand dollars,
and at the average rate of taxation
for the state of $2.50 per hundred
would pay a tax of $25 per year, or
fifty per cent, of the income. The
result of this method ol taxation
is to force people to sell their bonds
or evade the tax.

The only class of investments
which make substantial contribution
are savings bank deposits. Savings
banks pay annually three quarters
of one per cent, on the amounts of
all deposits, excluding the amount
loaned out on New Hampshire
real estate at five per cent, or less.
This in effect is a tax upon deposi-
tors, since all savings banks by law
are mutual companies not operat-
ing for profit. The state tax mere-
ly reduces by that amount the in-
terest payable to depositors. This
tax is equal to fifteen per cent, of
the income from savings bank de-
positors. This is a very burdensome
unjust tax levied upon a class of
people least able to pay.

It will be obvious that this system
of taxation is particularly burden-
some to real estate, and especially
to certain forms of real estate,
farms, and small homes, and city
and village property. Moreover
such property is generally more
highly assessed than any other class
of property, because it i.s held in
small units, frequently changes
hands, its market value is easily as-
certained.

Briefly stated, the problem is to
find new sources of revenue. Such

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

increased revenue, of course, must
be used to afford relief from the
unjust burden now laid upon real
estate, live stock and other forms
of tangible property, and not mere-
ly to encourage increased expend-
itures. This is a difficult problem
under any circumstances. In New
Hampshire it is further complicated
by the restrictions laid upon the leg-
islature by the Supreme Court in
its construction of the taxing power
given the legislature in our consti-
tution. Some brief statement of
the history of our taxation and the
interpretation of the constitution is
necessary to an understanding of
the difficulties of the problem.

In the main, our system of tax-
ation is that adopted when the state
was founded more than one hundred
and twenty-five years ago. In
those primitive times real estate,
live stock and stock in trade covered
practically all the wealth of the
state, and that system was just,
adequate, and a fairly accurate
measure of the ability of men to
pay. In the grant of power to the
legislature to levy taxes, the con-
stitution provides that the "taxes
must be reasonable and proportion-
al." In its earliest decisions, the
Supreme Court took the position
that "proportional" required all
property to be treated alike. Any
property or class of property might
be exempted entirely from taxa-
tion, but if taxed, must be taxed
by the same uniform method. This
rule of uniformity of treatment was
a sound rule applied to primitive
conditions when property was more
or less uniform. Under our modern
developments of property such a
rule is senseless and is entirely
responsible for our present unjust,
unreasonable distribution of the tax
burdens.

Under these limitations imposed

by the Court there is no way by
which the class of wealth represent-
ed by investments, salaries, pro-
fessional earnings can be reached.
The only method of dealing with
this kind of property or income is
on the basis of an income tax.
Such a tax has generally been sup-
posed to be contrary to the consti-
tution, although the Supeme Court
in its last opinion, indicated that it
might be still an open question.
The constitutional convention of
1912 and the last constitutional con-
vention both submitted to the
people amendments giving power to
the legislature to inipose income
taxes. Both times these amend-
ments failed to receive the neces-
sary two-thirds majority.

Consequently there will be two
different questions before the com-
ing legislature. First, what action
can it take under the constitution
as it is to-day? Second, what steps
can be taken to secure the necessary
changes in the constitution?

Unfortunately, there is little that
the legislature can do under the
present constitution, and even some
of these proposals are subject to
constitutional doubt.

There are three changes in our
present tax law which have been
suggested. First, a different dis-
tribution of the railroad tax. At
present one fourth of the railroad
tax is distributed to towns and ci-
ties where railroad property is lo-
cated. The remaining three fourths
is distributed first to the communi-
ties in which stockholders reside,
the balance, representing foreign
stockholders and stocks held by
trustees or institutions, is retained
by the state. Since railroad stock
is not taxed nor taxable, there is
neither logic nor justice in distribu-
ting part of this tax to communities
where stockholders reside. This

A PROGRAM FOR TAXATION

distribution is a benefit to a few ci-
ties and towns and is unjust to the
rest of the state. It is proposed
that hereafter the three fourths of
the railroad tax should be entirely
retained by the state. This will
increase the state revenue by about
$125,000 a year, and will make
possible a corresponding reduction
in the direct state tax.

It is also proposed to increase
substantially the rates of taxation
upon collateral and direct inherit-
ances. The rates in New Hamp-
shire are lower than those in other
states and the amount of revenue
derived by the state could be about
doubled without hardship and with-
out making our rates out of line
with other eastern states. Here
again, though, there is a constitu-
tional question involved. While
the constitution expressly gives the
legislature power to levy inherit-
ance taxes, it is held by .some law-
yers that this general power does
not include power to levy graded
taxes, with higher rates upon the
larger estates. Our direct inherit-
ance tax has exemptions and is
graded. So far the question has
not been tried out as to whether or
not this present graded tax is con-
stitutional. Undoubtedly an in-
crease in the rates would bring
about a trial on this question.

A large part of the increase in
taxation is due to the maintenance
of our highways. We now secure
from automobiles a larger revenue
per automobile than any other
state in the Union. It is proposed
to reduce somewhat the present
tax on automobiles and levy a tax
upon gasoline. This tax would be
levied upon the wholesale compan-
ies selling gasoline in New Hamp-
shire, and eventually, of course,
would be borne by the users of
gasoline. Many states have adopt-

ed a gasoline tax. Obviously it is
a much fairer way of distributing
part of the burden of the mainte-
nance of the highways. Moreover
it would secure a much larger con-
tribution from out-of-the-state cars,
which use our highways. This
proposal has received general pub-
lic approval. However, here again,
a constitutional question i.s involv-
ed. Undoubtedly, such a law, if
passed, would be questioned, and
carried to the Supreme Court. In
view of some of the decisions of the
Court in the past, it is extremely
doubtful what the action of the
Court would be.

These three measures, if adopted
and upheld by the Court, would
])robably add to the state revenue
in the vicinity of $1,000,000. While
it is desirable to secure this addi-
tional revenue if possible, it would
go but a small way towards giving
the necessary relief to real estate
and other tangible property. Ob-
viovisly. no substantial relief can
be afforded except by securing a
reasonable contribution from the
owners of securities, stocks, bonds,
and so-called intangibles. It has
been suggested that even without
constitutional amendments some
revenue could be derived from this
class of wealth. In Governor
Spaulding's administration, the Su-
preme Court handed down an opin-
ion stating that the income from
stocks, bonds, and money at inter-
est might be taxed as local prop-
erty and at the local rate. Such a
tax would be entirely inadequate
from the point of view of revenue,
and it is extremely doubtful if it
is worth the attempt.

What can the coming legislature,
do to bring about the removal of
the constitutional limitations which
now prevent the adoption of just
and reasonable tax laws? There

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

are two courses open. First, the
legislature could vote to submit to
the people at the next election the
question of whether a convention
should be called to amend the con-
stitution. If such a resolution were
passed, the people at the next elec-
tion would vote upon the question.
If the vote was in the affirmative
the next legislature would provide
for calling a constitutional conven-
tion. The amendments proposed by
such a convention would have to
be submitted at the next general
election or special election. Such
amendments, of course, would have
to receive a two-thirds majority.
Under this method, if every step
succeeded, it would be at least
five years before legislation grant-
ing relief could be passed. Five
years is a long time to wait, and
yet the delay would give ample
time for a campaign of public edu-
cation, which would be sure to re-
sult in the adoption by the people
of the necessary amendments.

Another method oflfering much
more immediate action has been
suggested. Governor Brown has
pointed out that the last consti-
tutional convention is still in ex-
istence, and could be recalled by
the chairman, and he has further
stated, that if the coming legisla-
ture should pass a resolution re-
questing him so to do, he would,
being chairman of the constitutional
convention, immediately re-convene
the convention. It is supposed the
convention would immediately vote
to re-submit the same amendments
which have already twice been
submitted to the people. These
amendments could be voted on at
the regular March Town Meetings,
and at a special election for the
cities called at the same time. If
adopted in this third attempt, the
coming legislature would be in a

position to exercise the power
granted in the proposed amend-
ments. Now, there are two objec-
tions to this proposal. First, it is
not at all certain that the people,
having twice turned down the pro-
posals, will now adopt them. It
seems unwise to make the attempt,
unless there is an excellent chance
of adoption. Opinions vary widely
on this point. There has been in
the last year considerable agitation
and public discussion of taxation,
and the need of constitutional
changes. Personally, I am inclined
to believe that the work already
done, supplemented by intense work
in the next few months would
result in the adoption of the pro-
posed amendments.

There is another objection more
serious, and that is, that the amend-
ments proposed by the last consti-
tutional convention are limited in
their scope, and would leave un-
settled many constitutional difficul-
ties regarding taxation. The
amendments, if adopted, would per-
mit the imposition of graded income
taxes, and would settle the ques-
tion of the constitutionality of a
graded inheritance tax, but it would
still leave open the question of tax-
ing timber lands, and also the ques-
tion involved in levying of .such
taxes as the one proposed on gaso-
line. If the convention, when as-
sembled, would adopt one simple
amendment, in effect removing the
word "proportional" from the con-
stitution, and giving the legisla-
ture general power to pass any rea-
sonable tax laws and to classify
property for the purpose of taxa-
tion, it would, in my judgment, be
well worth trying. Such a general
amendment would be more certain of
adoption than the limited piecemeal
proposals submitted by the last con-
vention and also that of 1912.

LAST YEAR OF THE OLD REGIME

By H. H. Metcalf

IN these "latter days" party as-
cendency veers suddenly from
one side to the other, in state and
nation, on the waves of popular
discontent, with little regard to party
policy or political principle. In the
earlier days the situation was entire-
ly different. For more than a gen-
eration, previous to 1855, the Demo-
ocratic-Repuhlican party, founded by
Jefferson, whose leading disciple in
New Hampshire was John Langdon,
first president of the United States
Senate, held power in New Hamp-
shire, and the country at large, with
one or two brief interregnums oc-
casioned by factional divisions,
through the fixed adherence of a
majority of the people to its pro-
claimed principles ; but went out of
power in the state in the year nam-
ed, and in the nation a few years
later, through the growth of the
anti-slavery sentiment.

The election of 1854 was the last
in New Hampshire at which a clear
majority of all the votes cast were
for the Democratic ticket, until that
of November last. At that election
there were 122 scattering votes ; Ja-
red Perkins, the Free Soil candidate,
received 11,080 votes; James Bell,
Whig, 16,941, and Nathanier B.
Baker, Democrat, 29,788, a clear
majority of 1,605 for Baker, above
all others. Since that time no Demo-
cratic candidate for Governor has
been accorded a majority of the
popular vote, until at the last elec-
tion, Fred H. Brown, the Democratic
nominee, was elected by a majority
of more than 11,000. It is true
that in four different years, in the
long period from 1855 to 1922, the
gubernatorial chair of the State was

occupied by Democrats— in 1871 and
1874 by James A. Weston, and in
1913-14 by Samuel D. Felker; but
in neither case was the Governor
elected by a majority in the popular
vote ; but by the legislature, through
a combination of Democrats and
Labor Reformers, in the first in-
stance, and of Democrats and Pro-
gressive Republicans in the last.

Nathaniel B Baker, who was the
last of the old time Democrats to
hold the chief magistracy of the
State, into which he was inducted in
June, 1854 — the state election oc-
curring on the second Tuesday in
March, and the legislature convening
on the first Wednesday in June in
those days — was a native of the town
of Hillsborough, born September 29,
1818. and was, consequently, but 35
years of age at the time of his elec-
tion — one of the youngest men ever
elected to the position. He had
been educated for the bar but took a
deep interest in politics, as a Cham-
pion of Democratic principles ; was
for a time editor of the Nezv Hamp-
shirc Patriot, served as a member of
the House of Representatives from
Concord in 1851 and 1852, in which
latter year he was also one of the
presidential electors who cast the
vote of the State for Pierce and
King. He held the office of Clerk
of the Common Pleas and Superior
Courts for Merrimack County at the
time of his election. He was re-
nominated for Governor by the
Democratic State Convention, then
held during the legislative session,
but as the party went to defeat in
the following election, his tenure of
oftice was for a single year only,
and he terminated his residence in

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

the State the year after his term ex-
pired, removing to CHnton, Iowa, in
1856, where he served in the State
legislature, and as Adjutant General
of the State from 1861 till his de-
cease — September 11, 1876, at the
age of 53.

There was a clear Democratic ma-
jority in both branches of the legis-
lature, in this year of Gov. Baker's
administration, the Senate — then
composed of twelve members — havv-
ing ten Democratic members and the
Whigs but two, those last being
W^illiam Haile of Hinsdale and Na-
than Parker of Manchester. Jona-
than E. Sargent of Went worth was
elected president of the Senate;
George C. W^illiams of Lancaster,
Glerk, and Charles Doe of Rollins-
ford, Assistant Clerk. It is not a
little significant that Messrs. Sar-
p-ent and Doe later became ardent
Republicans, and not long after land-
ed upon the bench of the Supreme
Court, where each was for some
time Chief Justice.

In th'3 House of Rei)resentatives,
v/hich was Democratic by a small
majority, Francis R. Chase, then of
Conway, but later of Northfield,
was chosen Speaker, receiving 156
votes to 153 for Mason W. Tappan
of Bradford, the candidate of the
Whig and Free Soil combination.
Ellery A. Hibbard of Laconia was
chosen Clerk, receiving 157 votes to
149 for James O. Adams of Man-
chester, while Anson S. Marshall of
Concord was made Assistant Clerk.

It mav be interesting to note the
names of some of the members of
the House, on both sides, who sub-
sequently became prominent in pub-
lic life in various official capacities.
Among them were such men as Ich-
abod Goodwin, James W. Emery
and Daniel Marcy of Portsmouth ;
John D. Lyman, then of Milton but

later of Exeter; Mason W. Tappan
of Bradford; George W. Nesmith
of Franklin; Daniel Clark of Man-
chester; Aaron P. Hughes and
Aaron F. Stevens of Nashua ; Per-
son C. Cheney of Peterboro; Josiah
G. Dearborn of W^eare; Jonathan
H. Dickey of Acworth; John G.
Sinclair of Bethlehem ; William P.
Weeks of Canaan ; John L. Rix of
Haverhill ; Aaron H. Cragin of Leb-
anon; Samuel Herbert of Rumney
and Jacob Benton of Lancaster.
Two of these men subsequently
Ijecame Governors of the State, three
United States Senators, five Repre-
sentatives in Congress, one a Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, one a
Judge of the United States District
Court, one a Secretary of State and
one Speaker of the House.

Very little in the line of actual
legislation was accomplished at this
session of the Legislature, though it
extended into the second week of
July, making it a long session for
those days. The time was largely
occupied by partisan wrangling and
debate, a protracted debate being
carried on over a certain resolution
denouncing the Kansas-Nebraska
bill, enacted by Congress, repealing
the Missouri Compromise, so-called,
and permitting the people of terri-
tories, themselves, to determine
whether slavery should or should not
be allowed within their limits. The
resolution failed of adoption ; but a
great deal of bitterness was engen-
dered by the discussion.

Another cause of the failure to do
much real business was a long con-
test over the choice of a United
States Senator, to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of Charles G.
xA.therton, which had been temporari-
ly filled, by the appointment by the
Cjovernor of Jared W. Williams of
Lancaster. Many ballotings were

LAST YEAR OF THE OLD REGIME

had but no choice was effected.
John S. Wells of Exeter was the
Democratic nominee, and came with-
in a narrow margin of election each
time, but failed through the defec-
tion of a few Democratic members
who were close friends of Franklin
Pierce, then President, who had
taken a strong personal dislike to

ed by this legislature, the first being
a bill requiring notice of marriage
intentions to be filed with the town
clerk. Among others were those
empowering married women to
make wills ; dividing the town of
Lyman and creating the town of
Monroe, and changing the name of
Poplin to Fremont. There were,

Courtesy, The Kimball Studio, Concord, N. H.

Nathaniel B. Baker

Mr. Wells, on account of something
said or done by the latter, who was,
nevertheless, one of the ablest law-
yers and most brilliant orators in the
State, and who, after the failure to
elect, was appointed by Governor
Baker, and held the office until the
election the following year of John
P. Hale.

Only eighteen public acts were pass-

however, quite a number of private
acts, mostly of incorporation or in-
creasing the capital stock of existing
corporations. Many new state

banks were incorporated ; also the
Manchester Locomotive Works, the
Claremont, Keene and Exeter Gas
Light Companies, the Claremont
Railroad Company, the Abbot Coach
Company of Concord, the Webster

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Mills of Franklin and the New
Hampshire State Teachers' Associa-
tion.

The legislature elected John L.
Hadley of Weare, who had served
for four years previously, Secretary
of State. He was the last Democrat
holding that office until 1874, the
year of Governor Weston's second
administration, when Josiah G.
Dearborn, of the same town, was
chosen. In 1871, when Weston was
first chosen Governor, John H.
Goodale of Nashua, Labor Reform-
er, was Secretary of State and Lean-
der W. Cogswell of Henniker,
Treasurer, these offices being ac-
corded the Labor Reformers for
their few votes for Weston for
Governor. Walter Harriman ;of
Warner was chosen State Treasurer.
He had served the previous year in
the same capacity, and his annual re-
port, filed for that year, showed the
entire receipts into the treasury,
from all sources, to have been $138,-
75 1 . 1 1 ; while the total expenditures
of the state government for the year
were $110.614.38 — a remarkable
contrast with present time figures.

The Governor's salary at this time
was $1,000 per year, that of the
Chief justice of the Supreme Court,
$1,400. while the three associate
justices and the three judges of the
Court of Common Pleas — the triali
court of those days — received $1,200
each. John J. Gilchrist of Charles-
town, who was soon after made
Chief justice of the United States

Court of Claims at Washington,
was Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and Andrew S. Woods of
Bath, Ira A. Eastman of Gilmanton
and Samuel D. Bell of Manchester
were the Associate Justices ; while
the Common Pleas judges were
Charles R. Morrison of Haverhill,
George G. Sawyer of Nashua, and
Josiah IVIinot of Concord.

The probate judges, at that time,
as now, were appointed by the Gov-
ernor and Council ; but their com-
pensation was very different, and
consisted of certain fees, which
amounted, during the previous
year, to $546.52 for the Rockingham
County judge, and ranged all the
way down to $93.17 for the Coos
County judge.

All the department reports for the
year including those of the trustees,
superintendent and treasurer of the
Hospital for the Insane, the Bank
Commissioner, Insurance Comm;is-
sioner, Railroad Commissioner, Ad-
jutant General, State Librarian.
Warden, Physician and Chaplain of
the State Prison, etc., were printed
and bound in the same volume with
the journals of the Senate and
House, the whole for the year 1854
included in 960 pages — another sharp
contrast with the present day output
in this line. Many other contrasts
l)etween present day and earlier time
operations and expenditures might
be presented, but are uncalled by the
scope of this article.

A MYSTERY OF COLONIAL DAYS

By George Wilson Jennings.

ONE of our famous authors once
said, "there is a profound charm
in mystery — every grain of sand
is a mystery ; so 'is every one
of the flowers in summer, and so is
every snowflake in winter. Both up-
wards and downwards, and all
around us, science and speculation
pass in mystery at last."

In 1768 an event occurred at the
home of the v^^riter's maternal great
grandparent, Jacob Sheafe of Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire. This
event has puzzled the descendants
of this once-renowned family for
many generations. Whether or no
a man is to be classed as peculiar
who vanishes without rhyme or
reason on his wedding night is a
question left to the reader's decision.

Mr. James McDonough was born
in Portsmouth, New Hampshire,
was richly endowed in this world's
goods and was the fortunate suitor
of Margaret Sheafe, who was the
youngest daughter of Jacob Sheafe,
a well-known merchant of his day.
Mr. Sheafe was a man of affluence
and known as one of the richest
men in the Colonies. The Sheafe
and McDonough families had been
close personal friends and neigh-
bors for many years. Margaret
Sheafe and James McDonough
were playmates in their childhood.
This friendship culminated in this
young couple's engagement.

Miss Sheafe at this time was
twenty-three years of age. She
possessed a great charm of person-
ality, combined with rare talents
which gave her an enviable place
in the most exclusive and aristo-
cratic circles of society in that
city. Her wedding day was set for

June first, 1768. On that evening
the spacious mansion in State
Street, the home of the intended
bride, was resplendent in floral de-
corations and was brilliantly light-
ed for the nuptials. A host of
friends of both the bride and groom
elect assembled at this hospitable
home to wish the happy couple
godspeed and witness the launching
of their ship on the "matrimonial
sea," (the groom having remarked
the evening previous to a friend,
"1 chose my wife, as she did her
wedding gown, for qualities that
will wear well") In one of the
upper rooms were displayed the
wedding gifts which were rare and
very beautiful, many from foreign
countries ; many were considered
priceless. Among them was a man-
tel mirror having a Parian marble
frame combined with silver, this
having come from Balboa, Spain.
In the lower main hall were station-
ed the artists who were to render
the music on the harp, mandolin
and spinet.

The banquet table in the great
dining room was a delight to look
upon w^ith its rich damask linen,
the old family silver and imported
china, here and there a shaded
candelabrum which cast a sheen of
great beauty ,over this important
feature of the occasion. The min-
ister in his robe stood in the draw-
ing room near the magnificent car-
ven mantel-piece, book in hand, and
waited. Then followed an awkward
silence during this interval. A
strange quiet fell upon this gay
company and soon the laughing
groups became more serious ; the
very air grew tense with expecta-

26 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

tion. In the butler's pantry, Amos James McDonough had wealth

Boggs. the butler, in his agitation and power as well as position. Why

spilled a bottle of old burgundy had he fled? He was seen on one

over his new cinnamon-colored of the public streets of Portsmouth,

short clothes. New Hampshire, the afternoon of

Then a whisper, a whisper sup- his wedding day, and then was

pressed for over half an hour, never seen again. It was as if he

seemed to pervade the home. "The had turned into a'ir,

bridegroom has not come !" Meanwhile the bewilderment of

What had happened to James the bride-elect was dramatically

McDonough? He never came, painful to behold. If James Mc-

His disappearance on that night Donough had been waylaid and

remains a mystery after a lapse of killed she could mourn for him.

many generations. What had be- If he had deserted her, she would

come of James McDonough? The wrap herself in her pride. But

assassination of so notable a per- neither course lay open to her, then

son in a community where every or afterward. In the King's Chapel

strange face was challenged, where Burying Ground, south of the

every man's antecedents were Chapel, Tremont Street, Boston, is

known, could not have been ac- the tomb of Jacob Sheafe. On a

complished without leaving some tablet is found this simple inscrip-

trace. Not a shadow of foul play tion, "Margaret Sheafe, Daughter

was ever discovered. That James of Jacob Sheafe of Portsmouth,

McDonough had been murdered or New Hampshire, Died September 1,

had committed suicide were theo- 1768, Aged 23 years." Mystery

ries accepted at first by few, and hovers over all things here below,

then by no one. On the other hand An outline of this event was published

he was truly in love with his li- many years ago. The writer, being a de-

,1 • 11 -^^ scendant of Jacob Sheafe, has in his pes-

ancee, the gracious and charming ^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^jj^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ij^is

Margaret Sheafe. event in the year 1768.

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S WOMEN LEGISLATORS

By Lillian M. Ainsworth

MUCH has been said in the last
few years regarding the bene-
fits that would be likely to re-
sult from the introduction of
the "Mother element" into the civic
life of municipalities, states and the
nation. New Hampshire will per-
haps feel the eiTect of this element
in the coming session of the Great
and General Court.

The three women who have been
elected to the House of Representa-
tives are all of mature age. They
have reached the calm waters be-
yond the turbulent tide of youth.
All have borne children, and there-
by experienced the finest of human
emotions, mother love. In conversa-
tion with them one is impressed with
the fact that they have a common de-
sire — to work for measures aim-
ed at social betterment, raising the
standard of health and morals in the
state and the bringing about of cer-
tain reforms with as little hardship
as possible to all concerned.

Of the three women Mrs. Emma
L. Bartlett of Raymond is the oldest.
She is sixty-four years of age, has
four children and seven grandchildren.
She is alert, well informed, a rapid-
fire speaker and her middle name is
"Justice." "I just love the people,"
she says, "and I am keenly interest-
ed in all measures which affect their
welfare. I do not wish to see any
injustice wrought in working out
certain measures which are to come
before the next session of the legis-
lature."

Mrs. Effie E. Yantis of Manches-
ter is ten years younger than Mrs.
Bartlett. She is the wife of a clergy-
man, and has a married daughter.
She is a woman of broad education,
is exceptionally talented, is fair-

minded and has some very determin-
ed views regarding certain things
which she believes should be accom-
l)lished in the state and nation.

Mrs. Gertrude Moran Caldwell is
the youngest of the trio. She is
forty years of age and has four chil-
dren. She is extremely interested

Photograph by Leslie's Studio.

Mrs. Emma L. Bartlett

in politics and believes that women
can be of great service in this field.
She says that service faithfully ren-
dered in the political field is funda-
mental and imperative in the life of
the government.

While Mrs. Bartlett and Mrs.
Yantis do not claim to strict partisan-
ship, Mrs. Caldwell is of the opinion
that it is very important that women
consider carefully the political par-
ties they may wish to join. "A
country the size of America," says
Mrs. Caldwell, "must have party
government. No large organization

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

can exist without organization, and,
of course, the largest business con-
cern in the world to-day is the Amer-
ican government. The best way for
the individual woman to make her
influence felt is through the medium
of a political party and, for this rea-
son, each woman should be absolute-
ly sure to which party she wishes to
pledge herself."

While the three women do not be-
long to the same political party (Mrs.
Yantis is Republican and the other
two were elected on the Democratic
ticket), all are in favor of the 48-
hour law and will work for its pass-
age. On this subject Mrs. Yantis
says:

"Eight hours is a long enough
working day for any woman. There
are two reasons for this. First, most
employed women are trying to do
their own housework, and second,
they are nearly all of mother age.

"I think," says Mrs. Yantis,
"that when we do frame up the 48-
hour bill we must be careful and not
make one mistake that was made in
the Massachusetts bill. This bill
specifies that women shall not be em-
ployed more than eight hours a day
or 48 hours a week. Sometimes there
is a pressure of work on a rush or-
der and sometimes women would
prefer to work nine hours a day and
make up for the time in some other
part of the week. The bill should
provide for not more than nine hours
a day for two consecutive days."

Mrs. Yantis calls attention to the
fact that while nine states have a 48-
hour law, all but Massachusetts are
Western agricultural states. Massa-
chusetts is the only industrial state
having such a law. In five states
there is no limitation of working
hours. A fact-finding commission is
favored by Mrs. Yantis in the mat-
ter of the 48-hour law, and she be-
lieves that nothing was ever lost

by a careful investigation of facts.
Of the 48-hour law Mrs. Bartlett
says: "I Ijelieve in the eight-hour day
for women and children. In regard
to the labor question, both sides have
my sympathy. It is only through
co-operation and education that we
can come to a fair settlement of the
problem. I do not believe in vio-

Mrs. Effie E. Yantis

lence in any department of our civic
life, in the home, in the schools or in
our industries. I consider the plan
of a fact-finding commission good,
as suggested by Mrs. Yantis."

Mrs. Caldwell will stand by her
party platform, and the 48-hour law
will consequently receive her strong
support.

Mrs. Yantis is strong in her belief
that a reform is needed in New
Hampshire's marriage laws and will
I^robably introduce a bill in the com-
ing legislature calculated to accom-
plish this. She says : "I have found
upon looking up data regarding our
marriage laws that girls of 13 and
boys of 14 can marry with the con-
sent of their parents. I think this

NEW HAMPSHIRE WOMEN LEGISLATORS

should he raised to 16 and 18. With-
out parents' consent the ages are 16
for girls and 18 for hoys. This, I
think, should be raised to 19 for
girls and 21 for boys. I believe the
age of consent should be raised so
that girls under 19 and boys under
21 cannot marry without the consent
of parents or guardians."

Both Mrs. Yantis and Mrs. Bart-
lett are avowedly against war. The
former says: "We (the women
voters) are interested in bringing
about a permanent peace through
such conferences as the Washington
peace parley, through reduction of
armaments by internatioual agree-
ments and l)y the establishment of an
international court of arbitration."

Mrs. Bartlett says on this subject:
"There are only two things I am
radical about, capital punishment
and war. War weakens the moral
fil)re and we get an aftermath of
crime. Capital punishment is legal-
ized crime."

"The great subject that is con-
fronting us is war," says IMrs. Bart-
lett, "and 1 feel that this country
ought to encourage every move
toward international good will and
mutual aid. These are the only things
that will produce permanent peace."

Mrs. Yantis claims one real hob-
by. It is getting rid of tubercular
cattle in the state. She thinks there
should l)e a much larger appropria-
tion for this work and that it should
be worked out by the area method ;
that is, clean up one area at one time
and work as little financial hard-
ship as possible on the farmer.

With this movement Mrs. Bart-
lett iM'ofesses entire sympathy. She
says : "I have been looking rather
carefully into the laws governing the
elimination of tuberculous cattle from
our state. I find that when the state
voluntarily tests and condemns an
animal the owner receives one-half

its value (previous valuation). W^ien
the farmer asks the state to test, if
the animal is condemned the total loss
is the owner's. It is clear that this
law defeats its own successful oper-
ation in so far as spontaneous action
on the farmer's part is concerned.
With laws protecting the owners of
cattle from loss, it would be possible,
I believe, to enlist the farmers and
secure their whole-hearted co-opera-
tion in the movement."

In matters pertaining to public
health all three women will work
unitedly. In this regard Mrs. Yan-
tis asserts that New Hampshire
needs better laws. She says that the
state is among the highest in its
death rate and that one-third of the
children in the schools throughout
the state are sufifering from mal-
nutrition. She believes in more
physical education in the schools
and in more public health clinics.

Mrs. Caldwell, in her pre-election
campaign, took a decided stand upon
the abolition of the five-dollar poll
tax for women and will probably in-
troduce the bill in the coming ses-
sion of the legislature to abolish it.
In this she is likely to meet with op-
position from at least one member of
her sex. Mrs. Bartlett says that in
her opinion women, having entered
into full citizenship, should pay a
poll tax. "It preserves their self
respect," she declares. "But five dol-
lars is too much. The tax should be
so small that it would not be a hard-
ship for any working woman to pay
it."

Mrs. Bartlett was born in Deer-
field, January 15, 1859, in the old
homestead settled by her paternal
ancestors. Her parents were Charles
Clinton and Hannah (Lake) Tuck-
er. She attended Coe's Academy at
Northwood and, in 1878, graduated
from the Plymouth Normal school.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

She taught in the pubHc schools of
the state for ten years, during four
of which she taught in the graded
school in Raymond. Mrs. Bartlett,
who is the widow of Judge John T.
Bartlett, has two sons and two
daughters. John T. Bartlett, Jr., of
Boulder, Colo., the older son, is a
well known magazine writer on eco-
nomic and industrial subjects. His
wife is also a writer. Robert L., a
Dartmouth graduate, is with the
Western Electric company. Ada
Louise is the wife of Ralph Sanborn,
station agent at Sanborn, and the
younger daughter, Bessie, is the wife
of L. D. Dickinson, superintendent of
the Faulkner factory in Raymond.

Mrs. Bartlett is deeply interested
in the activities of the Women's
Civic Club of Raymond, which has
one of the finest club houses in the
state. She conducts a successful
insurance business. She knowis
every family in Raymond and is
known and esteemed by them all.
She is "Mother Bartlett" to the
young people of the town and says
she "just loves young folks."

In
Cor-

Yan-

Effie Earll Yantis was born in
Skaneateles, New York, June 28,
1869. She graduated from Skan-
eatles Academy and in 1888 from
the Clinton Liberal Institute.
1893 she was graduated from
nell LIniversity.

Before her marriage to Mr.

for scientific
and made lantern slides
for colleges and institutes. She or-
ganized the Home-Makers' Club of
Manchester, is a member of the
New Ham])shire Sunday School As-
sociation, the Elliott Hospital Asso-
ciates and the Federation of Women's
Clubs. Her husband. Rev. Arnold
S. Yantis, is pastor of the First
Universalist church of Manchester.

tis she did illustrating

magazines

of William W. Caldwell of 190 Deer
Street. Portsmouth, is a native of
that city. She was born June 2,
1882. the daughter of Stacy G. and
Adalaide F. Moran. She graduated
from Portsmouth High School in
1901. For the next year she pur-
sued a post graduate course, at the
end of which her marriage to Mr.
Caldwell took i)lace. She is a
member of the Woman's City Club

Mrs. Gertrude M. Caldwell, wife

Mrs. Gertrude M. Caldwell

and is a member of the executive
board of the Farragut School Parent-
Teachers' Association.

Since her high school days Mrs.
Caldwell has followed with consid-
eral^le enthusiasm the political hap-
penings in tile country. Her inter-
est deepened with the granting of
suffrage to women. She says she be-
lieves it the duty of every woman to
exercise the privilege of suffrage.

Mrs. Caldwell is pleased with her
victory in the recent election and at-
tributes it i)artly to her stand upon
the al)olition of the $5.00 poll tax for
women. For several years her ward
has gone Republican by a consider-
able margin.

MOLE

J. L. McLane, Jr.

Shy mole that in the unseeing dark
Feeds on the root of flower and weed,
Beauty has nourished with her spark
Your body's love and hunger, lust and greed.

Her hand has plumped with grub and root
Your silvery sleekness, silked your fur:
Night with her heavenly star-strung lute
Has claimed you for her lowly worshiper.

Blind little creature, when you push

Your soft snout through the yielding loam,

Do you then, even as the lyric thrush.

Also serve God in your dark-tunneled home?

For we, too, push adventurous snouts

Into the dark — and yet we find

That truth is sucked from gnarled and

knotty doubts
And God lights spectral candles for the blind.

DREAMLIGHT

By Alice Sargent Krikorian.

The moon — a Ijroken silver ring, — makes way
Through thick opposing clouds, to lie
Upon the far horizon's rim,
The stars are blown like blossoms in the sky.

Now, from the river, boughs of rosy mist
Trail over tops of trees, whose branches sway
Singing their endless songs, — the folded rose
Lies with her upturned lips across the way.

Shining like stars of glowing brilliancy,
They light the path of dreams, — those eyes !

those eyes !
The rising wind is sounding like the sea.
As with the dawn the dreamlight pales — and

dies.

Calm Night, your great white blossoms close

not yet!
Day, with your roses passion-red, begone!
Moon, stars, dreamlight, and happiness have

met !
Oh, would that nevermore might come the

morn !

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

A School in Action. Data on
Children, Artists, and Teach-
ers : A Symposium. With Intro-
duction by F. M. McMurry, Pro-
fessor of Elementary Education,
Teachers College. Columbia Uni-
versity. Published by E. P. But-
ton and Company, New York.
This book spreads before the
teacher, in a peculiarly interesting
way, the activities of the Bird
School, Peterborough, founded in
1917 by Mrs. Arthur Johnson
(Joanne Bird Shaw) for the sum-
mer instruction of her own chil-
dren, for those of her neighbors,
and for a small group of children
from Peterborough village. The
book is not the work of any single
observer, but is, as its .sub-title
states, a "symposium": that is to
say, a book written by those imme-
diately concerned, — the teachers
and pupils themselves. From the
beginning of the school, Mrs. John-
son wished to have a complete
record of each class, and to this
end a stenographer was always in
attendance, jotting down verbatim
whatever teachers and pupils said
to each other day by day in work-
ing out their tasks together, their
questions, their answers, their un-
studied observations and reactions :
in short, the whole "conduct" of
the education that was under way.
From these typewritten steno-
graphic reports a wholly unedited
selection has been made and pub-
lished, giving us a volume of some
three hundred pages that are curi-
ously real and vital. These re-
ports are unedited in the sense that
they are not "smoothed out'' or re-
vised for the sake of attaining
some ideal literary .standard ; they
are given frankly and precisely as

the stenographer jotted them down.
But the book is very carefully and
intelligently selected and arranged
so that the reader may get without
undue tedium a complete and clear
cross-section of the school as a
whole and observe it, as it were, in
full operation. In this respect the
book is a unique experiment in the
literature of pedagogy, and a highly
successful one.

There are three factors in such a
work that are bound to impress the
interested observer. First, the
head of the school : for a school
inevitably takes its tone from its
founder or head, derives its pro-
gramme from its founder's initia-
tive, and depends for its successful
conduct upon its founder's enthu-
siasm and intelligent guidance. The
second factor is the teachers, and
the third the pupils; and we shall
deal with these last two in detail in
a moment.

Little or nothing is said in the
book of Mrs. Johnson, the .school's
founder, and yet the school itself
and, consequently, the whole book
are a permanent memorial to her
constructive imagination and exec-
utive ability; after reading "A
School in Action," a discerning
reader w4ll come to the conclusion
that both are of an exceptionally
hig-h order. She was led to found
the school, the Foreword explams,
by the conviction "that during the
long summer school vacaton, often
from June to October, the hiatus in
the systematic mental training of
young children was a very serious
handicap to them and entailed
much loss of effectiveness in the
autumn resumption of school w^ork
when several weeks are annually
spent in the painful effort to re-

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST 33

connect with long dropped work beyond the average. The book

and to re-establish habits of at- frankly spreads the accomplishment

tention and application." of the problem before one, and

She built the school "on a height when the end is reached and the
beside the mountains, on her own reader gauges the measure of its
estate of some six hundred acres — a succes.s, he can see how much credit
charming stone building, with, in is due to the guiding spirit of the
addition, open-air pavilions and founder — whose name is so modest-
class room, a laboratory, a work- ly suppressed throughout the book,
shop for carpentry, and a completely The first group of reports concern
equipped playground. From the very themselves with the classes in
beginning she secured the services "Literature" under two successive
of .some of the most accotmplished teachers, Mr. John Merrill and Mr,
teachers of America, teachers of a Colum. Mr. Merrill is a very well
rank in the academic world of high- known specialist of the Francis
er education which would preclude Parker School, Chicago, and it is
their devoting their time to a school extremely interesting to note his
for young children did not the ex- method with the children, for it is
periment occur in summer and did probably the perfection of modern
it not also ofifer possibilities of ex- scientific pedagogical theory. At
ceptional interest to them." each session of hi.s classes he has

So far we have a .summer school a definite end in view and, if possi-
on a very sound but not altogether ble, an even more definite pro-
unusual basis. But to this Mrs. gramme of the means to achieve
Johnson, with the bravery of her that end. If the poem to be read
youth, presently added a touch of is, say, "There was a crooked man
genius, by deciding to take on her who went a crooked mile," every
stafif of teachers a small group of possible kind of acting on the part
creative artists of acknowledged of the class, mental and physical,
eminence. It was her belief that is brought into play. One child at
no one else could give the children once becomes a crooked man,
the same interest in Music as a another becomes a crooked mouse,
comi)oser. in Literature as a writer, and, I daresay, a third becomes a
in Art as a painter or sculptor; and crooked sixpence, and so on. Noth-
with the courage of this conviction ing is allowed to escape. And the
she managed to give her little guiding principle seems to be Itera-
school of very young youngsters tion. The reviewer is lost in admir-
the high privilege of being taught ation of Mr. Merrill's patience and
modelling by Mr. Howard Coluzzi, thoroughness, and the precision of
sculptor, of acquiring some knowl- his predeterm'ined procedure. The
edge and love of English prose and verses are acted and discussed to a
verse from Mr. Padraic Colum, the standstill. But the old-fashioned
Irish poet and dramatist, of study- reader who was not subjected to
ing the rudiments of music under this form of torture in his child-
the direction of Mr. Ernest Bloch, hood is bound to wonder if it is
the eminent Swiss composer. To in- really worth while. It seems to
itiate such an experiment requires one such, at least, that what hap-
imagination, and to carry it through pens under such a system is this —
requires a tact and executive ability the children come to be considered

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

primarily as the factors in the
working out of a theory, — the
theory is very fine, the working out
is extraordinarily skilful, and the
success is a definite contribution to
pedagogy. But throughout there
has been a subtle and perhaps un-
conscious transferral of values:
in the old days teaching was a
means whereby we strove to de-
velop and make happier the pupil;
now it seems a bit as if the pupils
are the means, the instrument by
which one strives to develop and
make more perfect the science of
teaching. To be sure, the children
must acquire something by such a
process (human nature, fortunate-
ly, is such that children will acquire
something under any system). One
cannot imagine a child under Mr.
Merrill failing to understand well
nigh exhaustively any bit of litera-
ture which Mr. Merrill has deter-
mined shall be elucidated; but an
understanding of letters is one
thing, and a love of letters is quite
another. If the reviewer had been
brought to an understanding of
Shakespeare by such a process, he
feels sure that his favorite set of
that author's works would long
since have come to repose in a con-
venient ash barrel. He would cer-
tainly love him less — and very
probably know him better.

With the reports of Mr. Colu'm's
classes we come into a region of
more spontaneity : both teacher and
pupils seem constantly to take
refuge in improvisation, very ob-
viously to their mutual profit and
satisfaction. It would be unfair to
say that Mr. Colum has no daily
"plan" in the sense that Mr. Merrill
certainly has. But Mr. Colum's
plan is more subtle — and probably
less well considered. It leaves room
for inspiration, and achieves an im-

mediate rapport between himself
and his little flock with a minimum
of apparent apparatus. "I am not
at all in favour," he writes, "of chil-
dren being taught poetry by acting
it." And an illuminating foot note
here adds: "It is interestng to note
here the differing opinions of Mr.
Merrill, a professional teacher, and
Mr. Colutn, a professional poet."
Mr. Colum gives his reasons: "In
the first place it is often putting to
a wrong end poetry that should
have the child quiet and reflective.
Again, the action, the pitch of the
voice tends to formalize the poem
in their minds, taking away from it
the movement that it might have
for them, besides associating it with
too much agitation."

The stenographic records of Mr.
Colum's classs are full of charm,
and contain very quaint specimens
of the children's essays in verse and
prose. One little poem still haunts
the reviewer.

"There was a King

Who had a chariot,
And also a daughter
Whose name was Harriet."

Mr. Colum carries his pupils with
a wide catholic sweep from Homer
to Vachell Lindsay. He is always
the poet and .story-teller teaching
others to love his art, with a delicacy
of insight into the temperaments
of his young hearers that is as
rare as it is delightful. As for the
reactions of the children themselves,
so .spontaneous, so quaintly frank,
so humanly delightful, one would
like to quote at length did space
permit. But the book itself may be
bought, and the reviewer urges its
purchase by anyone who loves to
study children.

After the reports on Literature,
follow the reports on the Music
classes. Those of Mr. Bloch abound

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

in wit and wisdom, and are a rev-
elation of what a great musician,
through sympathetic understanding,
can do with even very young chil-
dren. Then come the reports of
the Psychological Laboratory, in
which Dr. Florence Mateer, among
other matters, gives in detail the
psychological and the Stanford-
Binet examination of a typical pu-
pil. One begins reading this sec-
tion with reluctance, and ends with
enthusiasm, for out of the wealth
of detail, skilfully and unerringly
marshalled there emerges the per-
sonality of the boy in his examina-
tion in a rounded portait of such
an authenticity and such engaging
appeal that one is grateful for such
a complete and human document.
And this is the most of the book
as a whole, that while giving to the
professional student of education
the detailed record of a really val-
uable experiment, it gives to the
unprofessional reader a bit of real
life, and vivid self-portrayal of a
group of children, as well as of a
group of teachers, in a way that is
at once fresh, ingenuous, and en-
gaging. If one had such a detailed
document as this from any past age,
it would be considered priceless.
And this itself must have a perma-
nent value because of its sincerity
and fundamental soundness.

PIERRE La ROSE.

Roads of Adventure, by Ralph D.
Paine. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin. $5.

Here is a book ! A book to stir
the blood of youth and to revital-
ize the circulation of middle age. A
book to charm by its style as well
as by its stories.

The adventures set forth are those
of the author. All of them are in-
teresting; most of them are entranc-
ing. Some of them have such a

"bite" that one would guess them
tainted with fiction did not Ralph
Paine vouch for their truth on his
honor as a New Hampshire gentle-
man farmer, law-maker and guard-
ian of juvenile morals.

Autobiography is the most charm-
ing of arts when the author can
maintain the right balance between
himself and the rest of the world.
Most autobiographers who succeed
do so by stressing their reaction to
others rather than the reaction of
the world to them. Mr. Paine, in
these sketches, has done something
of this, but has succeeded even more
by the delightful humor with which
he treats him.self and not a few of
his "busted" schemes. He is un-
sparing in the detection of himself
in frequent spasms of what he terms
daiiifoolifis.

The book may be divided roughly
into four parts. First come a half
dozen chapters covering rowing
days at Yale in the nineties. No-
body can do this better than Paine.
The sketches are equally good read-
ing for the youngster and the old-
ster. Both will enjoy the spice of
excitement. The youngster, at
least, may profit by the red-blooded
philosophy that underlies them ;
the oldster, at least, will appreciate
the manner in which Paine matches
this philosophy against the postures
of the Young Intellectuals.

There follow a dozen sketches of
filibustering days during the Cuban
insurrection, full of swing and col-
or of the most fascinating sort.
Then come ten equally stirring
chapters on the Spanish War,
catching the adventurous atmos-
phere of the days when war gave
comparatively free vent to indi-
vidual action. These are done with
an admirable dash. There are in-
cidental appreciations of some of

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

especially of Stephen Crane — which
add the flavor of literary reminis-
cence.

The scene then shifts, for a half
dozen chapters, to the other side of
the world, with vivid pictures of
the aftermath of the Boxer upris-
ings. Then follow random incidents
in a newspaperman's career, and
finally some of Paine's experiences
with the American and British
fleets during the World War.

This fat volume of four hundred
and fifty pages hardly gives the
reader a feeling of satiety. One
wonders if the advice of the author's
eleven-year-old son to write "The
End" was well taken. The titles
of the possible additional chapters
appeal to the imagination. Perhaps
there is more like this splendid book
to follow. The reviewer will live
in hope.

E. L. P.

TO R. B.

(A love-lyric after the manner of an earlier age)
By R. W. B.

How dare I dream, dear love.
Thou can'st be mine?
Too beautiful thy face
To share my humble place.
Such radiance from above

Doth through thee shine.

Thine eyes of deepest blue
Do light my way.
And scatter wide the gloom
That oft would fill my room,
And give the world the hue
Of brightest day.

Thy cheeks of softest pink
Are like the west

When touched l)y parting ray,

xA.s with the dying day

The sun doth slowly sink
To nightly rest.

In every waking thought

I see thy face ;
And when the darkness falls
Within my shadowed walls,
Thy spirit fills each spot
So full of grace.

The shimmer of thy hair

Is more than gold.
With dainty rilibon l)Ound,
And daisies all around.
It doth my heart ensnare,
Yea, e'en enfold.

Thy love doth make me bold
To try my lance.

Let me thy champion be !

If there Ije aught in me,

For thee it would unfold!
Bid me advance !

Thv lips are like the dream

Of sweetest rose.
I crave the vantage rare
To taste the nectar there,
How heavenly that would seem
My heart well knows.

God, who created me.

And her so fair,
Make me to rise above
Low things, and so to move
That I may worthy be.

Hear this my prayer.

BALLAD

By Louise Patterson Guyol.

There was a Jester loved a Queen.

He pranked about the court
Gaudy in crimson ; and his pride

He pawned to made her sport.

Painted he was, and hung with bells

That tinkled like his tongue,
And for his paint and bitter wit

None guessed that he was young.

The Queen had hair of curled gold
And a face like a white flower.

(The King was old.) To make her smile
Only the Fool had power.

The Queen walked in the garden-ways ;

The moon was marvellous fair,
Silverly shining. Mad. the Fool

Begged one bright lock of hair.

The King was old, the Fool was young,
The Queen had lips of rose.

(Behind a twisted yew, the King
Stood in the garden-close.)

The King is old. About the court,

Chattering all the while.
Gambols a Fool in gold. The Queen

Doth never smile.

DAWN

By LfLiAN Sue Keech.

Black is the night, and hot the stirless air.
Black as a thought that savors of despair.
Even the silent trees, against the sky,
In gruesome and distorted shadows lie.

The crazy screech owl's weird and laughing cry.
Within the formless space, sounds somewhere nigh.
All is a black abyss, where Hell may be.
Where man may hear, but only devils see.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A flapping bat flits, like a banshee, by
And from the unseen graveyard, comes a sigh,
From those who fain would rise, but must lie still.
Afar off mourns the foolish whip-poor-will.

But presently a hesitating breeze

Begins to tremble in the maple trees.

A faint light tinges all the murky dark,

A few soft notes come from the wakening lark.

Grey breaks the dawn on hill tops fresh and green.
A thousand diamonds on the grass are seen,
Aurora trails her pink robe in the east.
And beauty calls her lover to the feast.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

AIk. Henry H. Metcalf is a life-
long Democrat and his pleasure at
the recent turn in state politics has
prompted a reminiscence of the
last democratic regime. The
Granite Monthly considers that
it is especially auspicious to have
an article by Mr. Metcalf in this
issue, which is in a sense the first
issue under the new board, for Mr.
Metcalf is the founder of The
Granite ^Monthly and during
the course of its history has edited
it many years.

Mrs. Lilian M. Ainsworth is a
newspaperwoman of long experi-
ence in Vermont. Massachusetts
and New Hampshire. For about
seven years she has been on the
staff of the Manchester Daily
Mirror, and will this year be legis-
lative correspondent for that paper.
She is the first woman to have a
regular assignment of that sort.

Mr. Robert Jackson, who writes so
under standingly of the new gover-
nor, is chairman of the Democratic

State Committee. The picture Mr.
Jackson draws has an undeniable
appeal and will be interesting to
many, as one of the first personal
sketches to appear of the second
Democratic Governor since the
Civil War.

Mr. Raymond B. Stevens was mem-
ber of Congress from the second
New Hampshire district in 1913-
1915, member of the Constitution-
al Convention in 1912. He is well
fitted to write on tax reform, a
subject to which he has given years
of careful study. The constitu-
tional amendment which he advo-
cates in this article is the same
which he upheld in the Convention
of 1912. The Convention did not
see fit to submit that amendment
at that time, but Mr. Stevens feels
that public sentiment in the last
ten years has tended to strengthen
his argument. Around the sugges-
tion outlined in this article is sure
to center much discussion in the
next few weeks.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

ALVAH H. MORRILL
The Reverend Alvah H. Morrill, D.
D., died at his home in Newton in Octo-
ber. He was born at Grafton in 1848,
the son of the Reverend W. S. Morrill.
He graduated at Dartmouth College in
1872 and entered the ministry of the
Christian Church and was for many
years prominent in his denomination.
He held pastorates at Haverhill, Massa-
chusetts, at Laconia and Franklin, at
Woodstock, Vermont, at Providence,
Rhode Island, and finally at Newton.
Much of his life was spent in the teach-
ing profession. For thirteen years he
was Professor of New Testament Greek
at the Christian Biblical Institute at
Stanfordville, New York, and was also
the head of Starkey Seminary at Eddy-
town, New York.

WILLIAAI D. SAWYER

William D. Sewyer died November 12,
at the Roosevelt Hospital in New York,
PS the result of anoplcxv. Born in Dover.
November 22, 1866, the son of the late
Governor Charles H. Sawyer and Susan
E. (Cowan) Sawyer, he was educated
at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Yale
University. For more than ten years he
was treasurer of the Sawyer Wodlen mill.
He then studied law and practised in New
York City.

Mr. Sawyer was quartermaster general
on the stafif of Governor John B. Smith, a
delegate to the Republican National Con-
vention in 1896 and a member of the com-
mittee that notified^ Mr. McKinley of his
nomination. He was a Mason and a mem-
ber of the Amoskeag Veterans and of
many clubs. He was formerly president

of the New Hampshire Society of the
Cincinnati.

General Sawyer is survived by his
widow, Gertrude, a daughter of former
Congressman Joshua G. Hall of Dov^r,
a son, Johathan, and a daughter, Elizabeth.

JAMES BARTLETT EDGERLY

On November 1 there passed away in
Farmington, after a brief illness, James
Bartlett Edgerly, one of the town's most
useful citizens. Mr. Edgerly was born at
Farmington on January 29, 1834, and was
the son of Joseph Bartlett and Cordelia
(Waldron) Edgerly. His education was
obtained in the schools of his native town
and at Gilmanton Academy.

His early life was occupied at the shoe-
maker's bench. At the outbreak of the
Civil War he enlisted in the regimental
band of the Fifth New Hampshire Vol-
unteers, an4 served until 1862, when he

was honorably discharged and returned to
the manufacture of shoes in Farmington,
a business which he successfully followed
until 1879. He then became cashier of
the Farmington National Bank, and filled
that position with ability until, with ad-
vancing years, he retired

But he continued to enjoy life largely
until within a few days of his death.

Mr. Edgerly married in 1863 Maria T.
Fernald, who died in 1877. They had two
daughters, Agnes A., deceased, and Annie
M. (Mrs. Elmer F. Thayer). He mar-
ried second Martha E. Dodge, who died
some years ago.

Mr. Edgerly was always actively iden-
tified with the life of the community.
Ardently devoted to the Congregational
Church, he contributed a substantial sum
to its permanent funds some years ago.
To the to-wn he gave the Edgerly Park
as a memorial to his Civil War comrades.

At the time of his death Mr. Edgerly
was a trustee of the Farmington Savings
Bank, a director of the Farmington Nation-
al Bank, a member of the Carlton Post,
Grand Army of the Republic, of the New
Hampshire Society of the Sons of the
American Revolution and the oldest mem-
ber of Fraternal Lodge of Masons.

Besides his daughter, Mrs. Thayer, he
is survived by a grandson, James Edgerly
Thayer, by a sister, Mrs. C. A. Cooke of
Los Angeles, California, and by two
brothers. Brigadier General Winfield Scott
Edgerly of Cooperstown, New York, and
Henry I. Edgerly of Dover.

At the funeral the Reverend J. G. Haigh
said : "For physical and mental traits men
may be admired, they can be loved only
for qualities of the heart. Here was a
citizen who in an unusual degree combined
all those qualities in sterling fashion. His
personal appearance was striking, and
easily impressed one even at first meeting
with the thought that here was no ordi-
nary man. His carriage and bearing, his
affable courtesy and dignified speech be-
tokened at once a gentleman of the old
school, a typical New Englander of old,
untainted stock. Wherever you met him,
in whatever circle, he was always just
that ; and in the various relationships of
business and civic afifairs as well as in so-
cial, fraternal and religious connections his
clear insight, good judgment, his wise
counsels, his friendly spirit, his skill and
efficiency marked him a man of unusual
attributes, and for all these his fellow-
citizens welcomed him, admired him, hon-
ored and trusted him; but most of all
it was the heart-quality that added love
to admiration."

Judge Wells paid tribute in the Som-
ersworth Free Press in these words:

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

James Bartlett Edgerly

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

"And this good man, representing, as
he did, the highest type of American cit-
izenship, has passed on in the community
where practically his entire life was
spent. His was a kindly heart and his
ear was attuned to sympathy. A gener-
ous supporter of worthy movements, he
took a deep interest in the welfare of his
town. He was clean in his life and in his
expressions. There was a vein of quiet
humor in his talk that made him a
delightful conversationalist. The writer,
who has known Mr. Edgerly intimately
for many years, has had many a chat
with him and was always greatly enter-
tained hy his unfailing fund of reminis-
cence and his broad, intelligent views.
Modest and self-effacing, caring nothing
for display or show, the most devoted of
husbands and fathers, Mr. Edgerly needs
no monument to keep alive the memory
of his character and service. His great-
est memorial is to be found in the esteem
and love of his fellow-townsmen, the
noblest memorial a man can have. Ripe
in years and rich in the honors that are
the proper rewards of a life of fruitful
service, Mr. Edgerly's book of life, on
which there is not one unworthy page,
is finally closed."

Howard Russell, daughter of the Rev-
erend Carey Russell of Norwich, Ver-
mont. They had two children, who
botli survive: Harriet R., a teacher in
the Cambridge schools and Dr. C. W.
Harrington of Peterborough. He is also
survived by his second wife, Mrs. Ella
Leland Harrington.

CHARLES E. HARRINGTON

On November 18 there died at St.
Petersburg, Florida, the Reverend
Charles E. Harrington, D. D., who was
born in Concord, October 5, 1846. He
was educated at the New London Liter-
ary and Scientific Institution and was
for some time a teacher, serving as
principal of Henniker Academy and of
Farmington High School.

Mr. Harrington was ordained in 1874
and settled over the Lancaster Congre-
gational Church. Four years later went
to Concord and for a number of years
was pastor of the South Congregational
Church. During his pastorate here he
was also chaplain of the Third Regi-
ment of the National Guard. Dart-
mouth College gave him the master's
degree. ^

From Concord Dr. Harrington went
to Dubuque, Iowa, where he preached
with great success. Then followed a
ministry in Keene until 1893, in w^hich
year he w^as legislative chaplain.

After a European trip for his health
in 1893, Dr. Harrington served the First
Congregational Church in Waltham,
Massachusetts. Illness forced his resig-
nation, but he recovered sufficiently to
preach again at Holliston, Massa-
chusetts. Since 1913 he had lived in
Florida, whither he went for his health,
but was able to accept a St. Petersburg
pastorate and preached for five years
more.

His first marriage was to Miss Sarah

CHARLES HENRY KNIGHT

Charles H. Knight. for more than
twenty-five j^ears clerk of the Superior
Court for Rockingham County, died
November 21, at Exeter.

Mr. Knight was born in Hatfield,
Massachusetts, April 26. 1848, the elder
of two sons of Joseph H. and Diana
(Belden) Knight. In 1868 he was
graduated in the classical course of
Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham,
Massachusetts, expecting to enter Yale,
but this circumstances prevented. From
October, 1869, until April, 1875, he was
in Kansas and Texas, variously employ-
ed, in part as a teacher, a profession for
which he had aptitude and to which at
various times he devoted at)out five
years. On January 12, 1878, he entered
the law ofifice of the late Judge Thomas
Leavitt in Exeter and in March, 1880,
he was admitted to the bar. For about
five years Mr. Knight was the partner
of Judge Leavitt, for a year or more the
firm having also a Newmiarket office,
mainly in charge of Mr. Knight. Upon
the dissolution of this firm Mr. Knight
formed a connection with the late Hon.
Joseph F. Wiggin, and thereafter con-
tinued in Exeter practice.

On January 20, 1896, Mr. Knight was
appointed clerk of the Supreme, later
the Superior Court for Rockingham
County, an office he filled until his
death. For this post, Mr. Knight was
exceptionally well qualified. He gave
much time to the rearrangement and re-
indexing of the vast accumulation of of-
fice records, now easily consulted.

In 1865 Mr. Knight joined the Con-
gregational Church in Hatfield and early
transferred his membership to Exeter.
He had served the former First Parish
as assessor and clerk and had been
superintendent of its Sunday School.
He had been a member of the Public
Library Committee. He was a 32nd
degree Mason, a former member of the
American Bar Association, a member of
the First Nationalist Club of Boston,
while it existed, and he was affiliated
with Gilman and East Rockingham
Pomona Granges. By wide reading and
reflection, Mr. Knight had made himself
an exceptionally well informed man.
His individuality was marked and his
attractive qualities many.

He has left his devoted wife, a daugh-
ter. Miss Ruth E. Knight, and a son.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Charles H., Jr. There is also a son
by the first marriage. He was the last of
his own family.

FRANK W. AIAYNARD

Frank W. Maynard, well-known busi-
ness man and politician, died at his
home in Nashua on November 24. He
was born at Bow on April 2, 1853, and
was educated in Goffstown, at Pem-
broke Academy and at the Canton,
Massachusetts, High School.

When he came to majority he located
in Nashua, served as an apprentice at
tailoring, six years later became a part-
ner, and continued in the business until
his death. Active in the interests of
the Republican party, he was on both
the city and state committees, and
served as both representative and state
senator. He was alternate to the na-
tional convention of 1908. He was one
of the prime movers in the organization
of the short-lived New Hampshire Re-
publican. He was an aide, with the
rank of Colonel, on Governor Tuttle's
staff.

Col. Alaynard was active in all com-
munity affairs and had served as presi-
dent of the Nashua Memorial Hospital
Association and of the Nashua Board of
Trade. For thirty years he was th'e
leading spirit in the Hunt Free Lecture
F'und, of which he was the first trustee.
He was a leader in the L^^niversalist
Church, and a member of various Ma-
sonic bodies, of the Odd Fellows, the
Elks, the Moose, the Fortnightly Club,
the Country Club and the Rotary Club.

Col. Maynard made a collection of
tailors' print covering nearly a century,
which is considered one of the most
complete and valuable in existence.

CHARLES F. EMERSON
Emeritus Dean Emerson, beloved by
several generations of Dartmouth men,
died at his Hanover home on December
I. Prior his retirement nine years
ago at the age of seventy, Dean Emer-
son had given the college forty-five
years of unbroken service.

Charles F. Emerson was born at
Chelmsford, Massachusetts, on Septem-
ber 28, 1843, son of Owen and Louisa
(Butterfield) Emerson. After attending
the Westford (Massachusetts) Acad-
emj^ and Appleton Academy at
New Ipswich, and engaging in
part time teaching in his native state for
'three years, he entered Dartmouth^
whence he graduated in 1868 with Phi
Beta Kappa rank.

Following his graduation Mr. Emer-
son became instructor in gymnastics at
the college, instructor in mathematics
at the College of Agriculture and tutor

in mathematics at Dartmouth. From
1872 to 1878 he was associate professor
of natural philosophy and mathematics,
then for twenty-one years Appleton
Professor of natural philosophy, and
dean of the college from 1893 to 1913,
when he retired after the longest service
in the history of Dartmouth.

Cii.\RLES F. Emerson

After his retirement Dean Emerson
continued his lively interest in the col-
lege and in affairs. He served in the
House of Representatives for the terms
of 1915 and 1917, taking a prominent
part, especially in educational legislation.
He was actively identified with the
Church of Christ at Hanover, a life
member of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science.

He married January 20, 1875, Caro-
line Flagg and had two daughters,
Martha Flagg, of the Dartmouth College
Librar}', and Emily Sophia, wife of
Professor Edmund E. Day of Harvard
University. All of them survive him.

JEFFREY G. HAIGH
The Reverend Jeffrey G. Haigh, pas-
tor of the First Congregational Church
at Farmington, died on December 16.
He had been stricken with apoplexy
while working in his study the previous
Sunday. Mr. Haigh was born sixty-
seven years ago at Canterbury, Eng-
land, and came to this country at the
age of twenty. He had served at
Farmington for six years.

Mr. Haigh is survived by a widow, a
son, George, who is at Yale, and a
daughter, Denna, at Wheaton College.

NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE GOVERNMENT

1923

GOVERNOR

FRED H. BROWN, Somersworth, d.

COUNCILLORS.

Dist. No. 1 — Oscar P. Cole, Berlin, r.

Dist. No. 2 — Stephen A. Frost, Fre-
mont, r.

Dist. No. 3 — Thomas J. Conway, Man-
chester, d.

Dist. No. 4 — Philip H. Faulkner, Keene,
r.

Dist. No. S — Arthur P. Morrill, Con-
cord, r.

D
D

SENATORS

St. No. 1 — Ovide J. Coulombe, Ber-
lin, d.

St. No. 2 — Leon D. Ripley, Cole-
brook, r.

St. No. 3 — Dick E. Burns, Haver-
hill, r.

St. No. 4— Sewall W. Abbott, Wolfe-
boro, r.

St. No. 5 — Ora A. Brown, Ashland, r.

St. No. 6 — John A. Hammond, Gil-
ford, r.

St. No. 7 — John A. Jaquith, North-
field, r.

St. No. 8— Ralph E. Lufkin, Unity, r.

St. No. 9 — Harry L. Holmes, Hen-
niker, r.

St. No. 10 — Herman C. Rice, Keene, r.

St. No. 11 — Chester L. Lane, Swan-
zey, r.

St. No. 12 — James H. Hunt, Nashua,
r.

St. No. 13— Daniel J. Hagerty,

Nashua, d.

St. No. 14 — Walter H. Tripp, Epsom,
d.

St. No. 15 — Benjamin H. Orr, Con-
cord, r.

St. No. 16 — Frederick W. Branch,
Alanchester, d.

St. No. 17 — Clinton S. Osgood, Man-
chester, d.

St. No. 18 — John S. Hurley, Manches-
ter, r. and d.

St. No. 19 — Omer Janelle, Manches-
ter, d.

St. No. 20 — Edgar J. Ham, Roches-
ter, d.

r stands for Republican; d for democrat;
F and d Indicates a nomination by both parties.

Dist. No. 21 — Homer Foster Elder, Do-
ver, r.

Dist. No. 22 — Wesley Adams, London-
derry, r.

Dist. No. 23 — John F. Swasey, Brent-
wood, r.

Dist. No. 24 — William A. Hodgdon,
Portsmouth, r.

REPRESENTATIVES
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.

Atkinson — Stephen M. Wheeler, r.

Auburn — John P. Griffin, r. and d.

Brentwood — Ray Pike, r.

Candia — George H. McDuffee, r.

Chester — Walter P. Tenney, r.

Danville — Charles H. Johnson, r.

Deerfield— WilburH. White, r.

Derry — George W. Benson, d; Jesse G.
MacMurphy, d; Alexander J. Sene-
cal. d; John A. Tajdor, d.

East Kingston — Charles F. Knights, r.

Epping — Louis P. Ladd, r. and d.

Exeter — Frank A. Batchelder, r; Charles
Curtis Field, r; Harry Merrill, r;
Howard E. Swain, r.

Greenland — Eugene S. Daniell, r.

Hampstead — Isaac Randall, r.

Hampton — Warren H. Hobbs, r.

Hampton Falls — Walter B. Farmer, r.

Kensingfton — Horace P. Blodgett, r.

Kingston — Levi S. Bartlett, r.

Londonderry — Edward E. Kent, r.

Newcastle — Elmer S. Pridham, r. and d.

Newfields — Alfred Connor, r.

Newmarket — Philip Labranche, Jr., d;
Adelard Rousseau, d; John Ward-
man, d.

Newton — Andrew G. Littlefield, r.

North Hampton — Samuel A. Dow, r.

Northwood — Joel W. Steward, r.

Plaistow — Joseph S. Hills, r.

Portsmouth — Ward 1 — Gertrude Cald-
well, d; Harry L. Dowdell, d; Ed-
ward B. Weeks, d.
Ward 2 — Leon E. Scruton, r; Harold
M. Smith, r; Stanley P. Trafton, r;
George A. Wood, r.
Ward 3 — William Casey, d; John F.

Cronin, d.
Ward A — George E. Cox, r.
Ward 5— Patrick E Kane, d.

Raymond — Emma L. Bartlett, d.

Rye — Irving W. Rand, r.

Salem— James S. Coles, r; Amos J.
Cowan, r.

Sandown — George Bassett, r.

Seabrook — Myron B. Felch, r.

Windham — Charles A. Dow, Jr., r.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

STRAFFORD COUNTY.

Barrington — Irving M. Locke, d.
Dover — Ward 1 — Charles A. Cloutman,
r; Hubert K. Reynolds, r.
Ward 2— Patrick J. Durkin, d; William
F. Howard, d; Felix E. O'Neill, Jr.,
d.
Ward 3 — Frank E. Fernald, r; Thomas

Wel)b, r.
Ward 4 — Ferdinand Jenelle, d; Stephen
W. Roberts, r; Charles T. Ryan, d.
Ward 5 — Edward Durnin, d.
Durham — Sherburne H. Fogg, r.
Farmington — Ulysses S. Knox, r; Frank

J. Smith, r.
Lee — Fred P. Comings, d.
Middleton — Samuel Abbott Lawrence, d.
Milton — Frank D. Stevens, r.
Rochester — Ward 1 — Thomas H. Gotts,
d.
Ward 2 — Claudis E. Edgerly, d.
Ward 3 — Harry H. Meader, r.
Ward 4 — Adclard Gaspard Gelinas, d.
Ward 5 — Edmond J. Marcoux, d; Louis

H. McDuffee, r.
Ward 6 — Guy E. Chcsley, r; Charles
W. Lowe,' r.
Rollinsford — Henry B. Davis, d.
Somersworth — Ward 1 — Honore Girard,

d.
Ward 2 — Louis P. Cote, d.
Ward 3 — Peter M. Gagne, d.
Ward 4 — Walter A. Hanagan. d; Fred

L. Houle, d.
Ward 5 — George Heon, d.
Strafford — Adrian B. Preston, r.

BELKNAP COUNTY.

Alton — Harry E. Jones, d.

Barnstead — Frank J. Holmes, d.

Belmont — Albert A. Smith, r.

Center Harbor — Loui L. Sanborn, r.

and d.
Gilford— Fred R. Weeks, r.
Gilmantcn — Ernest H. Goodwin, d.
Laconia — Ward 1 — Walter E. Dunlap. d.
Ward 2 — \\'illiam D. Kempton, r. and
d; Fortunat E. Normandin, r. and d.
Ward 3 — Charles M. Avery, r.
Ward 4— Theo S. Jewett, r; John H.

Merrill, r.
Ward 5 — Truman S. French, d; tie vote
Ward 6 — Edwin A. Badger, r; Lau-
rence B. Holt, r.
Meredith — Charles N. Roberts, d.
New Hampton — Adelbert M. Gordon, r.
Sanbornton — Robert M. Wright, r.
Tilton — Everett W. Sanborn, d; Osborn
T. Smith, d.

CARROLL COUNTY

Bartlett — Lucius Hamlin, r.
Brookfield — Charles Willey, r. and d.

Conway — Arthur W. Chandler, d; Wil-
liam A. Currier, r; Clarence Ela, r.

Effingham — Robert M. Fulton, d.

Freedom — Tie vote

Madison — John F. Chick, r.

Moultonborough — George A. Blanchard,
r. and d.

Ossipee — Harry P. Smart, r.

Sand'wich — Charles B. Hoyt, r.

Tamwcrth — Arthur S. Fall, d.

Tuftcnbcro— Willie W. Thomas, d.

Wakefield — Isaac L. Lord, d.

Wolfeboro — Stephen W. Clow, r; Frank
W. Hale, r.

MERRIMACK COUNTY

Allenstown — (^leorge H. Desroche, d.

Andover— Arthur H. Rollins, d.

Bcscawen — Cecil P. Grimes, r.

Bow — George Albee, d.

Bradford — Joseph W. Sanborn, d.

Canterbury — William C. Tallman, d.

Concord — Ward 1 — Fred M. Dodge, d;

John H. Rolfe, d.
Ward 2 — George O. Robinson, d.
Ward 3— George \\\ Phillips, d.
Ward 4 — Harry M. Cheney, r; William

P. Danforth, r; James O. Lyford, r.
Ward 5 — Earl F. Newton, r; William

W. Thayer, r.
Ward 6 — Harry R. Cressy, r; Hamilton

A. Kendall, r; Nathaniel E. Martin,

d; Charles G. Roby, r.
Ward 7— Bert J. Carleton, d; Peter J.

King, r; John G. Winant, r.
Ward 8 — William A. Lee, r. and d.
Ward 9 — William J. Ahern, d; James

T. Gannon, d.
Danbury — Noah E. Lund, d.
Epsom — Blanchard H. Fowler, r. and d.
Franklin — Ward 1 — Herrick Aiken, r.
Ward 2 — Edmund J. Judkins, d; Jos-
eph Newton, d.
Henniker — Ralph H. Gilchrist, r.
Hill — Joseph B. Murdock, r. and d.
Hooksett — Edgar Ray Chaney, d; Ben-

iamin J. LaSalle, d
Hcpkinton — Milton J. Walker, d.
Loudon — Archie L. Hill, r. and d.
Newbury — James C. Farmer, r.
New London — Joseph Cutting, r.
Northfield — Charles S. Carter, r.
Pembroke — John O. Bellerose, d;

Llewellyn S. Martin, d.
Pittsfield— Albert E. Cheney, d; David

F. Jackson, d.
Salisbury — Geonge B. Sanborn, d.
Sutton — Harrington C. Wells, r.
Warner — Charles P. Johnson, d.
Webster — Joseph Wheelwright, r.
Wilmot — Arthur C. Seavey, d.

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY

Amherst — Robert J. Ford. r.
Antrim — Wyman K. Flint, r.

NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE GOVERNMENT

Bedford — Charles H. Clark, r. and d.
Bennington — James H. Balch, r.
Brookline — George M. Rockwood, d.
Francestown — Leon E. Hoyt, d.
Goffstown — Charles L. Davis, r; Asa

Spaulding, d.
Greenfield — Frank E. Russell, d.
Greenville — Louis O. Boisvert, d.
Hancock — Ephriam Weston, r.
Hillsborough — Charles F. Butler, r;

John S. Childs, r.
Hollis — Charles E. Hardy, d.
Hudson — Karl E. Merrill, r. and d; Ed-
ward A. Spaulding. r.
Lyndeborough — Algernon W. Putnam, r.
Manchester — Ward 1 — Harry B. Cilley,

r; John P. Cronan, r; James E.

Dodge, r.
Ward 2 — Oscar F. Bartlett, r; Lsaac N.

Cox, r; Arthur W. DeMoulpied, r;

Harrv T. Lord, r; Effie E. Yantis, r.
Ward 3— Harold E. Hartford, d;

Charles O. Johnson, d; Alfred Mo-

quin, d; Denis A. Alurphy, d; Harry

E. Nyberg, d.
Ward 4 — George D. Burns, d; Charles

A. Grant, d; John F. Kelley, d;

Maurice F. Fitzgerald, d.
Ward 5 — Patrick J. Clancy, d; Martin

Connor, d; John Coyne, d; Patrick

Creighton, d; Dennis M. Flemming,
d; John F. Kelley. d; Joseph P.

Keniiey, d; Frank P. Laughlin, d;

Michael McNulty, d; Jeremiah J.

Tohin, d.
Ward 6 — Leonard E. Barry, d; Michael

T. Burke, d: Charles C. Currier, d;

Robert J. Murphy, d; George L.

Sibley, d; Frederick M. Smith, d.
.Ward 7 — Thomas A. Carr, d; Francis

A. Foye, d; Emile J. Godbout, d;

Jeremiah B. Healey, Jr., d; John J.

Quinn, d; Denis Sullivan, d.
Ward 8 — Damis Bouchard, d; Joseph

Chevrette. d; Michael S. Donnelly.

d; William Leonard, d; John

AlcLaughlin, Jr.. d; Charles H.

Morin. d.
Ward 9 — John W. Conboy. d; Valen-
tine McBride. d; Joseph E. Riley.

Jr.. d; Thomas Rourke, d.
Ward 10 — Oscar E. Getz, d; Sylvio

LeClerc, d; Mortimer B. Ploss, d.
Ward 11— Henry R. Blais, d; Ora W.

Craig, d; George W. Gowitzke, d

Alex J. McDonnell, d; George E

Roukey. d.
Ward 12 — ^Louis E. Gauthier, r. and d

Wilfred A. Lamy. d; Alfred F. May'

nard. r. and d; Charles A. Pecor, d

Edward E. Rajotte. d; Arthur H

St. Germain, r. and d.
Ward 13 — Joseph A. Dionne, d

Adolphe Duval, d; Horace Gagnon

d; Pierre Gauthier, d; Joseph W

Rcmillard, d.
Merrijn^ck — Arthur G. Gordon, r.

Milford — Samuel A. Lovejoy, r; Frank
W. Ordway, r; Charles W. Robin-
son, r.
Nashua— Ward 1— Gerald F. Cobleigh,
r; Elbert Wheeler, r; Ovid F. Win-
slow, r.
Ward 2 — Ivory C. Eaton, r; Thomas

E. Pentland. r.
Ward 3— Joseph Boilard, , Jr,, d;
Thomas E. Dube. d; William b'.
Trombly. d.
Ward 4 — John L. Spillane. d; David F.

Sullivan, d.
Ward 5— Edward Sullivan, d.
Ward 6 — Henry M. Burns, d.
Ward 7— Raymond S. Cotton, d; Rob-
ert J. Doyle, d; John J. Lyons, d.
Ward 8— William H. Barry, r. and d;
James B. Hallisev, d; Charles B.
Rigney. d; Romuald A. Svlvestre, d
Ward 9— Arthur Bilodeau. d;" Alfred F.
CJirouard, r. and d; Arthur Papa-
christos. r. and d; Arthur A. Pelle-
tier. d.
New Boston — Herbert M. Christie, r.
New Ipswich— Robert B. Walker, r. and

d.
Pelham — Asa A. Carleton, r.
Peterborough— Robert P. Bass, r; Ezra

M. Smith, r.
Temple — Charles W. Tobey. r.
Weare — Charles F. Eastman, d.
Wilton— William E. Hickey, d.

CHESHIRE COUNTY

Alstead — Frank Dewing, r.

Chesterfield — Angelo M. Spring, r.

Dublin — Archie R. Garfield, r. and d. .

Fitzwilliam — Julius H. Firmin, r.

Gilsum — Charles H. Blake, r.

Harrisville — George F. Bemis, d.

Hinsdale — Patrick L. O'Connor, d.

Jaffrey — George H. Duncan, d; Peter
E. Hogan, d.

Keene — Ward 1 — William J. Callahan, r.
Harry D. Hopkins, r; Ora C. Ma-
son, r.
Ward 2 — Robert C. Tones, r; Austin

H. Reed, r.
Ward 3 — Leston M. Barrett, r; Cam-
eron M. Empey. r.
Ward 4 — Wilder F. Gates, r.
Ward 5 — Lewis S. King, d; John J.
Landers, d.

Marlborough — John D. Tuttle. d.

Marlow — Fred G. Huntley, r.

Rindge — Oren F. Sawtelle. r. and d.

Stoddard — Edward T. Davis, r. and d.

Surry — Samuel Ball. r.

Swanzey — Milan A. Dickinson, d.

Troy — Charles L. McGinness, d.

Walpole — William T. King, r; Arthur E.
Wells, d.

Westmoreland — Perry W. Burt. r. and d.

Winchester — Franklin P. Kellom, Sr.
d; Edward F. Quakers, r. and d.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

SULLIVAN COUNTY

Acworth — Almon E. Clark, d.

Charlestown — Leon H. Barry, d.

Claremont — Charles W. Barney, r; Hart-
ley L. Brooks, r; Clarence B. Ets-
ler. r; Adelbert M. Nichols, r; Al-
fred T. Pierce r; Ray E. Tenney,
r; Arthur S. Wolcott, r; Edward J.
Rossiter, r.

Cornish — Frederick J. Franklyn, r.

Croydon — Herbert D. Barton, d.

Grantham — Dellivan D. Thornton, r.
and d.

Lempster — Thomas F. Bluitte, r.

Newport — John H. Glynn, r; George E.
Lewis, r; Ernest A. Robinson, r.

Plainfield— Earle W. Colby, d.

Springfield — William P. Gardner, r.

Sunapee — Leo L. Osborne, r. and d.

Unity— Willard H. Walker, d.

Washington — Elgin G. Farnsworth. Ind.

GRAFTON COUNTY

Ashland— Willis F. Hardy, d.

Bath — Timothy B. Southard, r.

Benton — Lebina H. Parker, r.

Bethlehem — Henry C. Barrett r. and d.

Bristol — Charles S. Collins, r. and d.

Campton — Willard C. Pulsifer, r.

Canaan — Lynn S. Webster, d.

Dorchester— Herbert H. Ashley, r.

Enfield— Loring C. Hill, d.

Franconia — William D. Rudd, r.

Grafton — Herman G. Chellis, d.

Groton — No representative chosen

Hanover — Don S. Bridgman, r; Ran-
som S. Cross, r.

Haverhill— Harold K. Davison, r; Olin
A. Lang, d; Charles P. Page, r.

Holderness — Joseph W. Pulsifer, r.

Landaff — Raymond B. Stevens, d.

Lebanon — Floyd E. Eastman, d; Leon
M. Howard, d; Thomas J. McNam-
ara, d; Charles B. Ross, r; Thomas
P. Waterman, r.

Lincoln — Alfred Stanlev, r.

Lisbon— Ernest H. Hallett, r; William
E. Price, r.

Littleton — George Houle, d; James C.

MacLeod, r; Ora A. Mooney, d;

Fred O. Nourse. d.
Lyman — George O. Elms, d.
Lyme — Sidney A. Converse, r.
Monroe — Oscar A. Frazer, r. and d.
Orford- Willard R. Harris, r.
Piermont — William B. Deal, r.
Plymouth — Ezra C. Chase, r; Lyman R.

Sherwood, r.
Rumney — George D. Kidder, d.
Thornton — George W. Fadden, d.
Warren — Norris H. Cotton, r.
Woodstock — Harry D. Sawyer, r. and d.

COOS COUNTY

Berlin — Ward 1 — John A. Hayward. d;

John E. Keleher, r. and d: Achille

H. Larue, r. and d; Elden E. Pierce,

r. and d.
Ward 2— Walter L. Griffin, r. and d;

George O. Larochelle, r. and d;

Hugh Kelsea Moore, r. and d.;

Moses E. Young, r. and d.
Wa^-d 3 — Joseph G. Blais. r. and d;

Homer H. Marks, r. and d; John J.

Smith, r. and d.
Ward A — George V. Hopkins, r. and d;

George E. Hutchins, r. and d; John

A. Labrie. r. and d.
Carroll — Leon G. Hunt, r.
Colebrook — George B. Frizzell, d; Ells-
worth D. Young, d.
Columbia — Ernest N. Sims. r.
Errol — Clinton S. Ferren. Ind.
Gorham — Bartholomew F. McHugh, d;

Alfred O. Mortenson. d.
Jefferson — Frank B. Pottle, d.
Lancaster — Bernard Jacobs, r; John B.

Mclntire, d.
Milan — John B. Nay. r.
Northumberland — William F. Rowden,

r: Harrv B. Smith, r.
Pittsburg — Willie J. Nutting, d.
Randolph — Laban M. Watson, r. and d.
Shelburne — No representative elected
Stewartstown — George L. Wood, r.
Stratford — Ralph M. Hutchins, d.
Whitefield — Joseph W. Brown, r;

Ebridge W. Snow, r.

Vol. S5. No. 2

THE

February, 1923

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
FEBRUARY 1923

The Month in New Hampshire 49

The Owl (Poem) George Quinter 52

Prominent New Hampshire Legislators 53

Buying Babies with Money Three Women Legislators. . 58

Impressions of A Newcomer 59

New Hampshire's Educational Plant Henry Bailey Stevens 61

The Bent Twig William M. Stuart 72

The Water That Goes Over The Dam Does No Work. .Grorc/c B. Leighton 76

Grieve No More (Poem) Miriam Vedder 82

Loneliness ( Poem ) Dorothy Collins 82

Peter Livius The Trouble Maker Lawrence Shaiv Mayo 83

Books OF New Hampshire Interest The Heart of Monadonck Envin F. Keene 91

Judges for The Brookes More Poetry Contest 92

New Hampshire Necrology 93

NEXT MONTH
The Magazine Will Contain

Making Teachers at Keene
What the Normal School Needs to Carry on Its Work

When Claremont Was Called Ashley George B. Upham

New Ham])shire's Carnival Season ( Illustrated)
More Portraits of the Legislators

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the magazine regularly, fill out the coupon below

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Let us quote you rates.

The Bailey & Sleeper Company

William E. Sleeper, Proprietor.

53 NORTH MAIN STREET
CONCORD, N. H.

Tel. 275

PIrnfir mention thb granite MONTiiiiT j» ^Y)•itin(^ Adreitifers.

/•

I,'

Boston & Maine

''*'*.■'-*

Snow Morning

Morning is a picture again
Jtlth s)i(nc-piiffcd branches
Out of tJic zvind —
With the sky caught like a
blue feather
1)1 the butternut tree.

— Hilda Conkling

THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

FEBRUARY 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Governor's Inaugural

A thunder of applause, clapping
hands, stamping feet, and cheers
that split the roof, greeted the
new governor, Fred H. Brown,
when he stood in the Hall of
Representatives to deliver his in-
augural speech before the first

passage, he recommended "with-
out qualification" that it be enacted
at this session and "put into effect
without delay."

In marked contrast to the inau-
gural messages in many of the
states this year, Governor Brown

Democratic house in sixty-eight made no mention of prohibition or

years. In a manner quiet and se-
rious, for the better part of an
hour, he read from manuscript
his message to the legislature and
the people of his state. Forceful
and to the point, his address left
no room for misunderstandings.
Ten principal measures were
recommended : the passage of a
home rule measure for cities ; the
passage of a bill to tax gasolene
for motors ; the return to fixqd
interest rate on loans ; to free
women from paying poll taxes ;
the reduction and revision of taxa-
tion ; the prompt presentation of
constitutional changes ; the neces-
sity for economy in state expendi-
tures ; immediate funds needed to
fight bovine tuberculosis ; and
finally the passage of the 48-hour
law for women and children in

the Volstead act. The new gover-
nor of New Jersey, for instance,
has pledged himself to do what he
can to make his state wet, while
his neighbor, Gifford Pinchot, gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania, in a remark-
ably able and brief inaugural
speech, promises to do all in his
power to drive every saloon out of
Pennsylvania. "I regard," he de-
clares, "the present flagrant failure
to enforce the Volstead law as a
blot on the good name of Pennsyl-
vania and the United States

I propose not only to press with all
my power for the abolition of the
saloon, but also to make sure that
the government of this state takes
a full and effective part in such

an effort This administration

will be dry. The executive man-
sion will be dry. And the personal

industry. On this last recommen- practice of the governor and his

dation the Governor laid special family will continue to be dry in

emphasis. Declaring that the state conformity to the spirit and letter

had given a clear mandate for its of the 18th amendment."

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Civic Association Discusses

48-Hour Week

The question of the 48-hoiir
Aveek still holds the center of
the stage in Concord. One of
the very interesting occasions
during the first week of the legis-
lative session was a meeting called
by the New Hampshire Civic Asso-
ciation to discuss this problem.
This meeting was held in the
Hall of Representatives. Over five
hundred jieople crowded the floor
and galleries, taking part in what
was probably one of the biggest
forums of discussion ever held in
New England. Among the si:)eak-
ers were Henry W. Dennison. Pres-
ident of Dennison Manufacturing
Co.. who spoke in favor of a
thorough investigation before legis-
lating on the 48-hour week ; Prof.
Malcolm Keir of Dartmouth, who
snoke for the manufacturers ; Edwin
Nudick of Boston, representing the
labor point of view ; and Richard
Pattee, Secretary of the New Eng-
land Milk Producers Association,
who spoke for the agricultural in-
terests. Another limportarit meet-
ing held during the first week of
the legislative session was the an-
nual convention of the N. H. Farm
Bureau. Two hundred delegates
were present reoresenting a member-
ship of about 8,000 families. On
the recommendation of George M.
Putnam, who was re-elected Presi-
dent, the convention unanimously en-
dorsed the fact-finding commission
plan as proposed by the Republican
Platform.

House Defeats Fact-Findins;

Resolutions

The first three measures to be
introduced in the house concerned
the 48-hour law. Mr. Barry of
Nashua introduced the administra-
tion bill calling for the immediate

passage of the 48-hour week law.
Mr. Bass of Peterborough and Mr.
Lyford of Concord both introduced
bills calling for a searching investi-
gation of facts concerning the pos-
sible effects of the passage of the
48-hour law to be made by an im-
partial fact-finding commissicMi, the
report of which should precede leg-
islation. These two fact-finding
resolutions, however, differed radi-
cally in their make-up. Mr. Bass's
called for a legislative joint commit-
tee with two appointed by the
house, two by the senate, and one
by the governor, while Mr. Ly ford's
])r()vided for a commission made up
of representatives of the em|)l()yers,
employees, the farmers, and the
public.

l)Oth of these bills were referred
to the committee on la])or, where
Mr. Lyford's met defeat, while Mr.
Bass's was returned to the house
for final vote with a majoritv of
eight against it and a minority of
seven favoring it. The debate
which followed and which resulted
in the defeat of Mr. Bass's resolu-
tion was one of the most acrimoni-
ous and bitter since the legislative
session of ten years ago. The vote
divided practically on partv lines,
174 democrats and 10 republicans
\-oting against the resolution, and
11.^ re|)ublicans and 16 democrats,
led by Raymond Stevens and in-
cluding Mrs. Bartlett and Mrs.
Caldwell, favoring it.

"I cheerfully accej)t the verdict
of the house," declared Ex-Gov.
Bass, in speaking of the defeat of
his fact-finding resolution. "1 was
sorry, however, that the question
was made a partisan political issue,
for this will make it more difficult
to have the measure considered on
its merits. Furthermore the re-
si)onsibility for i)recipitating a dead-
lock with the Senate, if one occurs,
will now rest on the shoulders of

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

the majority leaders of the hotise.
........I am still of the opinion

that a thorough inquiry by a broad-
ly representative commission

would bave carried more weight
with New Hampshire people than any
other procedure. However, this
method of procedure has been re-
jected, and I shall be glad to co- op-
erate heartily with any other pro-
cedure which aims to l^'ing out all
the facts which bear on the 48-hour
legislation for woman and children,
and which will lead to the considera-
tion of this important cjuestion on
its own merits rather than to have
it used for (the political advantage
of any party or individual."

Was It a Democratic Victory?

Though the defeat of the fact-
finding commission has been hailed
as a Democratic victory, it is the
general opinion in Concord that this
action on the part of the democrats
in the house will result in the ulti-
mate defeat at this session of the
administration bill calling for the
immediate enactment of the 48-hour
week. "The democratic leaders
who control the house," says the
Manchester Union, "have no real
expectation that the 48-hour bill

will pass the Senate It is fair

to say that there is just one ab-
solutely necessary condition upon
which the eight-hour legislation
can be enacted this year. That, of
course, is by co-operation by the
Democratic House and the Re-

iniblican Senate B}^ refusing

point blank to co-operate with the
Senate in the only practicable way
possible the house majority killed
whatever chance existed for an
eight-hour legislation this year,"

"The whole situation afifecting
the 48-hour proposal," according to
the Milford Cabinet, "is a matter
of politics and has been from
the hour the legislature convened."

And the Manchester Union, in an
editoral entitled "Eight-Hour Poli-
tics," says, "It appears that the
eight-hour bill is being killed in
the house of its friends with the
purpose of having this issue with
which to fight the important cam-
paign of 1924 when a U. S. Senator
is to be elected."

The House Labor Committee is
now holding daily hearings on the
48-hour law. It is expected they
Avill report favorably on the admin-
istration bill calling for the imme-
diate enactment of the 48 hour law,
and that it will pass the house
with a good majority. Its fate in
the Senate however is more proble-
matidat.

Other Measures Pending

In the turmoil and controversy
of the 48-hour law measure it is
sometimes forgotten that over 300
bills have been presented, and of
these many are of vital importance
to the state. Probal)ly the most talk-
ed of bill is a measure providing for
the recall of the Constitutional Con-
vention and asking that it submit to
the people one single resolution which
will remove those limitations which
now prevent the Legislature from
taking the action necessary to
ecpialize taxes. If this Constitu-
tional Convention is not recalled it
will probably be five years before
any adequate relief can be secured
from the present tax situation, a
situation which both parties have
pledged themselves to remedy.
Another bill of great interest pro-
vides that the Public Service Com-
mission shall construct one or
more storage reservoirs on streams
which have power plants. The
state is to advance the money
which is to be paid back little by
little by the users of the water
through contracts made previous to
con,stniction between the state and

52 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

the plants on the stream. The pur- them independent of coal. This

pose of this bill is to make a be- would be done without adding

ginning- toward providing our man- anything to our public expendi-

ufacturers new power at a low^ tures and without increasing our

cost, and w^ill thus help to make taxes.

THE OWL

By George Quinter.

On an autumn night
When the cresent moon
Gleamed haggard white
In the dark of the sky,
The owl

Flew to the branch of an oak.
Ruffled his feathers.
And made wail.

Far off in his little tunnel

The mole stopped to listen.

Then with impatient squeaking

Buried his nose in the moist earth.

The dormouse hurried along

A furrow, to his corn shock, —

The owl's cry is the curfew

For mice.

But the frosrs.

Secure in the dark, rippling lake,

Answered in a shrill chorus.

The blue heron.

Asleep in the vine-clad sycamore

That gently rocked in the night breeze,

( )pened an eye.

Gave a low "quawk,"

And slept again.

A thick blanket

( )f dark fleecy clouds came stealing.

Effaced the rickety moon.

And the owl

Departed silently across the meadows.

PROMINENT NEW HAMPSHIRE LEGISLATORS

PROMINENT

NEW HAMPSHIRE

LEGISLATORS

WESLEY ADAMS (R)

Londonderry
President of the Senate

'TO make one's first appearance
in the Legislature as Presi-
dent of the Senate is an achieve-
ment worthy of note. But in Mr.
Adams' case the explanation is
readily found for his two ses-
sions as Chairman of the Grange
Legislative Committee gave him
as much knowledge of the Legis-
lature and its proceedings as any
member. Mr. Adams was Mas-
ter of the Grange from 1913-
1917 and is now a member of its
executive committee.

WILLIAM J. AHERN (D)

Concord

Speaker of the House

fTHE House will be in Or-
der !" He handles the gavel
as to the manner born. Which is
not strange since he has been at-
tending Legislature sessions regu-
larly for fourteen years — a longer
term than that of any other man
now living. Either because of or
in spite of this experience he has
great faith in New Hampshire's
representative body. "I've never
seen a man succeed in fooling
them yet ;" he says with a twinkle
in his eyes,

KimbaU Studio

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Kimball Studio

NATHANIEL E. AIARTIN (D)

Concord

Committee on Judiciary

Committee on Rules

A man of few words and strong
convictions, there is some-
thing about his bearing which
makes one think of that old
revolutionary hero, James Martin
of Pembroke, his grandfather.
But Nathaniel Martin uses his
gun for birds instead of British-
ers. He is an ex-mayor of Con-
cord and his record of public
service is one of which any man
might well be proud.

JAMES O. LYFORD (R)

Concord

Committee on Judiciary

/^NE man told us he was the
"Republican whip" ; another
described him as "the brainiest
man in the Legislature." We
heard other opinions also, but they
all contributed to one central idea
— that James O. Lyford is, and
has been for many years, a leader
to be reckoned with in state af-
fairs. He is a lawyer, editor,
statesman, author, scholar, and — a
circumstance which may help to
explain the foregoing — he was
born in Boston.

PROMINENT NEW HAMPSHIRE LEGISLATORS

WILLIAM H. BARRY (D)

Nashua

Committee on Judiciary

Committee on Appropriations

/^NE campaign at a time is
enough for most men, but Mr.
Barry is a real political enthusiast.
He tried for the United States
House of Representatives and for
the New Hampshire House at the
same time last fall, carried ofif the
New Hampshire office easily and
badly damaged his opponent's lead
for the national office. He has
the honor of having thrown
into the present session its chief
bone of contention — House Bill,
No. 1, the 48-hour law, and he led
the forces which slew the fact-
finding resolution.

CHARLES W. TOBEY (R)

Temple

Committee on Claims

Committee on Ways and Means

A S a boy he stood by a Massa-
chusetts roadside and wist-
fully watched New Hampshire
bound trains. In 1914 the citizens
of Temple sent him to the Legis-
lature — regardless of the fact that
he was the sole Progressive in the
town — and this year they even
nominated him without his know-
ledge. Which shows how his per-
sonality has won friends for him
in his adopted state. As for effi-
ciency — ask those who know his
Liberty Loan work or his achieve-
ments when Speaker of the
House.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Senator

BENJAMIN H. ORR (R)

Concord

'T'ALL men, sun-crowned, that

stand above the crowd

In public duty and in private
thinking. . ."
Into the halls of the legislature
he carries the spacious manner
of one who knows and loves life
in the open. Whether this is a
heritage from his Canadian birth-
place or a later acquisition from
adventurings in Te.xas oil fields
is difficult for a stranger to say.
But it convinces one immediately
of the truth of the remark : "Ben
Orr would get up at midnight to
help out a friend."

REV. URA \V. CRAIG (D)

Manchester

Committee on Labor

Committee on Agricultural College

PSYCHOLOGY and chickens"
are Mr. Craig's hobbies,
but he doesn't mix them. He
applies psychology to the man-
agement of the diverse elements
of the Alanchester Delegation of
which he is leader. He claims the
study is useful in politics as throw-
ing some light on the way in
which a man with a fixed idea
can be brought to see the other
fellow's point of view. His chick-
ens, we suppose, furnish refresh-
ing examples of docility after a
legislature session.

Chadbourne Studio

PROMINENT NEW HAMPSHIRE LEGISLATORS

Kimball Studio

SAMUEL A. LOVEJOY (R)

MiLFORD

Committee on Appropriations

XJIS quarries produced granite
for the columns of the Treas-
ury Building at Washington. His
herd of Aberdeen Angus cattle
is one of the finest in the state.
Of both these facts Mr. Love-
joy is justly proud. But neither
quarry nor farm prevents his
being a regular visitor at Con-
cord when the Legislature con-
venes. This is his third con-
secutive term — but then his farm
has been in the family for nearly
one hundred years, which shows
the staying power of the Love-
joys.

HARRY M. CHENEY (R)

Concord

Committee on Appropriations

Committee on Rules

"DORN and bred in a printing
office," is Mr. Cheney's des-
cription of himself, and although
he is no longer engaged in the
active production of literature, he
finds his greatest pleasure in the
pursuit of books to complete his
already enviable reference library.
His red necktie is known from
coast to coast. Indeed they say
he was once almost forced to
abandon a western trip because
a benighted village could not pro-
duce a necktie of the proper hue.

To Be Continued Next Month,

BUYING BABIES WITH MONEY

An Appeal from Women to Women

ABOUT twenty years ago a
small group of Cornell Uni-
versity faculty wives persuad-
ed President Schurmann to open a de-
partment of Home Economics in the
College of xA.griculture. One of our
first acts was to get ready a bulletin
on "The Care and Feeding of Chil-
dren." We had to send it to the of-
fice of the college for approval be-
fore it could be printed. It came
back with these words. "We can't
print this. It isn't Agriculture."

History repeats itself, and the bill
introduced in the New Hampshire
Legislature which would secure for
New Hampshire a federal appropria-
tion provided by the Sheppard Town-
er bill has met the reply from one
faction in the house. "We can't pass
this. It isn't state's rights."

It is difficult for mere women to
understand why state's rights should
be an argument against the saving
of the lives of mothers and babies,
whereas it is not the argument when
gypsy moths or corn borers are in-
volved, but the history of the Shep-
pard Towner bill in various states
shows almost without exception that
the states refusing the federal appro-
priation are accepting money to pro-
tect their crops, their forests, and.
their cattle. Possibly the reason for
this distinction is the same which led
to the founding of the Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
many yeirs before there was any or-
ganization for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Children.

Every year in the United States
we are losing 250,000 babies, and be-
tween 15,000 and 16,000 mothers die
in childbirth. Most of these deaths
are from preventable causes. This
deathrate has not decreased in twenty
years, until the past year when the

Sheppard Towner Act went into ef-
fect. One half the deaths of mothers
are from child-bed fever which we
have known how to prevent for
thirty years. Until the Sheppard
Towner money became available this
country had spent no federal money
on maternal and infant aid. It is
safer to be a mother in Sweden, Nor-
way. Italy. France. Prussia, England.
Ireland. Scotland. Wales. New Zea-
land. Hungary. Jai)an. Australia and
Belgium, than in the United States of
America.

The Sheppard Towner Act was de-
vised in an efifort to remedy this sit-
uati( n. It provides that a sum of
money shall be given by the federal
government under certain conditions
to each .state to be used under the
direction of the State Board of
Health in co-operation with the Chil-
dren's Bureau, to be at the disposal of
every woman who desires instruc-
tion in maternal and infant hy-
giene, and to provide i)ublic health
nurses, health centers, prenatal clin-
ics, infant clinics, and medical and
nursing care in hospital or home.
Nothing is compulsory. Aid is given
only on request. The bill further
provides that if a state will appropri-
ate dollar for dollar an equal amount
a further sum of money will be given
for the wi)rk. Forty-two state have
accepted the provisions of this act.

If New Hampshire adopts the
j)rovisions of the Sheppard Towner
bill and makes the appropriation pro-
vided for in the bill under considera-
tion in the house, there will be about
$20,000 available for use in New
Hampshire in furthering this great
work, and this with an expense to the
state itself of only $7,988.31. The
opposition which we have already re-
ferred to provides simply for the re-

IMPRESSIONS OF A NEWCOMER

fusing of the federal funds, but this mediate adoption of the provisions

seemingly slight amendment would of the Sheppard Towner bill.

undoubtedly mean the total inability

of New Hampshire to undertake the Effie E. Yantis,

work. Emma L. Bartlett,

The situation is serious, and it is Gertrude M. Caldwell,

time for eyevy woman in New Hamp-
shire to make her voice unmistakably Members of the House of

heard in favor of the legislature's im-

Representatives.

IMPRESSIONS OF A NEWCOMER

First Glimpses of Law-making

NEW Hampshire has the larg-
est legislative body of any
state in the Union," ....

We are keeping a record of the
number of times that information is
given us. And to give zest to the
research we are running a competi-
tion between this remark and "What
do you think of this for winter
weather?"

Up to the end of last week the
weather was ahead — the record stand-
ing about like the vote on the Bass
fact-finding resolution. Then we
went to Boston. New Hampshire
natives who live in the Hub have had
their impression of New Hampshire
weather dulled by comparison with
weathers more recently encountered,
but they still retain their sense of
pride in the legislature. Now the
record is slightly in favor of the
legislature — but the weather is a
close runner-up.

Honorable Senate. We aren't used
to Governors — or even Senators — yet,
and it gave us quite a thrill. We
wondered what weighty affair of
state was being settled in that in-
formal tete-a-tete. We edged a little
closer and caught His Excellency's
words — "But I took two aspirin tab-
lets and it didn't do any good!"

And the Governor is not the only
one.

One thing we notice about New
Hampshire weather is that it shares
the fine democracy of the state. It
is no respecter of persons.

In the Hall of Representatives the
other day it was our good fortune to
behold His Excellency the Governor
of New Hampshire in close confer-
ence with one of the members of the

It takes a lot of weather to knock
out the New Hampshire Legislature,
however. In spite of sneezes the
game of lawmaking goes on. In our
opinion it ranks high among New
Hampshire's justly famous winter
sports. Even skiing — which we tried
ourself the other evening with more
or less distinguished success — pales
in comparison. Which does not
mean that we belittle the sport of
skiing. Far from it. It didn't
take us long to come to the conclu-
sion in regard to it which Darius
Greene reached as a result of
his flying-machine experiences.
Skiing is wonderful — so long as
one keeps skiing; it's only when
one stops skiing in the middle of
a hill that the sun and stars begin
to reel. A day in the Legislature

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

when the game is really on has all
the thrill of a ski jump and is

less dangerous.

We still have an uncertain feeling
in the House, similar to our emotions
at foothall games. We are afraid of
cheering at the wrong times, but in
a general way we know when one
side or the other scores a touchdown.

We are in complete sympathy
with the Gentleman from Berlin who
made the laconic speech destined to
live long in New Hami)shire history
— "Air. Speaker, 1 am a young man.
I never was in a place like this be-
fore." Neither were we. But we
like it. No doubt the gentleman
from Berlin does, too.

one day on the technique of wash-
ing WHiite Wyandotte roosters.
Now we are wondering whether
running a chicken laundry would
pay better than editing. Of course
we'd expect the Gentleman from
Manchester to act on our board
of directors.

Even when we get a bit tangled up
about the main trend of affairs we
can enjoy the side skirmishes — those
times for instance when a player gets
his signals mixed and makes an ill-
timed motion. Watch the old guard
slide from its seats and swoop down
upon the offender. There is a hasty
whispered conversation. The mo-
tion is withdrawn. The wheels of
government move smoothly once
more.

We are apt to be pretty serious-
minded and the educational aspects
of our new association with the
big men of the state loom large in
our thoughts. Every day and in
every way we are getting wiser
and wiser. For instance, we had
always thought that the Lewandos
Cleansing Company's trade mark,
with its clothesline full of freshly
laundered chicks, was allegorical
or symbolic or something until a
Reverend Gentleman from Man-
chester discoursed to us at length

So far our biggest thrill in the
session came from a speech by the
Honorable James O. Lyford. We've
forgotten his subject, but it was mas-
terly oratory and — which is the point
— he used a copy of the Granite
Monthly to punctuate and accen-
tuate his remarks. ( )nly an editor —
and a green, young one at that — can
fully realize the effect produced up-
on us by the incident. In editorial
conference afterwards the Granite
Monthly gave Mr. Lyford an unan-
imous vote of thanks for his help in
making the magazine a power in
state affairs.

That speech of Mr. Lyford's must
have been on the 48-hour law, that
being the chief source of oratory
these days. Being a strictly non-
partisan publication we mustn't make
remarks on this controversial issue.
Ijut we may so far overstep the
bounds of non-partisanship as to say
that the Granite Monthly pledges
its full support to the movement,
briefly mentioned in the heat of ar-
gument by one gentleman whose
name has slipped our memory — the
movement in favor of a 48-hour Day.
It is a measure for which humanity
has long waited in vain. We believe
it would solve labor troubles and in-
sure everlasting peace and happiness
— even to editors. In comparison to
it even the bill to increase the bounty

I
I

on hedgehogs seems trivial.

H. F. M.

'i'^lH^

The Saw Mill in the College Wcwds

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

Where New Ham])shire Brain Power Is Generated

By Henry Bailey Stevens

IT is a strange experience on a
moonless evening to walk along
the country road that leads in-
to Durham village from the west.
The occasional tall elm tree that
looms like a great umhrella ahove,
the stone-walls whose outlines can he
just distinguished at each side, even
the ruts and stones of the highway
itself, suggest only the peace and
quiet of the open country. Ahead
one would expect to find a grocery
store, a church or two. a few vine-
covered houses, and nothing else.
Suddenly a turn in the road hrings
one into the electric glare of the hun-
dred lighted windows of several dor-
mitories. A great blaze they make
into the night, while over at the left,
like a tall sentinel, stands the clock-
tower of Thompson Hall, and be-
yond it the power-house chimney
shoots up sparks impudently toward
the hidden stars.

As I viewed this scene one even-
ing last November, the thought came
to me insistently that I was looking at
a large modern factory. Behind
those lighted windows some process

was going on that was intimately
geared into the high-powered ma-
chinery of current life. Something
was being manufactured here.

"Why not?" I asked myself, and
was at once amused with the thought
that evidently there was a night shift
on the job.

After all, is not this institution
of New Hampshire College a great
Knowledge Factory, receiving yearly
its unfinished products in the shape
of human minds and turning out a
yearly grist of trained young men
and women to do a better duty in
the world? Putting a point to raw
ambition ? Giving the edge to un->
shaped creative force? Yes, and
more than this ; for, at least so far
as agriculture is concerned, its dy-
namos have been hitched up with the
people throughout the whole state.
Here, in the research laboratories of
the State Experiment station, new
combinations of facts are being
evolved to improve New Hampshire's
2,600,000 farm acres, while a force
of extension agents, like a body of
commercial salesmen, is carrying the

62 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

idea of better farm and home condi- With a call to his room-mate, the

tions into 93 per cent of the com- boy takes text-books, a note-book

^lunities of the state. The common- and cap, and leaves his room for the

wealth has set up here at Durham a morning. In a few minutes he is in

^power-producing plant, whose cur- a line with several others before the

rent generated is felt from Rye on l^lackboards of the cafeteria in the

the coast to Pittsburg at the Cana- Commons building, selecting his

dian line. morning meal. Probably he has a

In order to observe the process of "regular," collecting it on his tray
"manufacture" more closely, it may and having it punched on his week-
be worth while to follow one of the ly meal ticket. The self-service plan
products of the main plant through and the fact that a large number of
the course of a day. As soon as persons can be accommodated make
one does so, however, the metaphor it possible for the dining-hall man-
falls flat. This rumpled hair and agement to serve food at low prices,
freckled face ^which have just had There is no attempt to make a profit,
their morning pull through an elas-^ but it is insisted that the food should
tic blue jersey defy the conception l)e of good quality and that the en-
of a machine-made product. Those tire establishment be kept clean and
firm muscles and tingling nerve- wholesome.

cells do not run along oiled track- The boy carries his tray of steam-
ways like the assembling parts of a ing oatmeal, eggs, mufiins and cof-
Ford car. We must be more care- fee to one of the long tables where
ful now in our language. several fellow students are seated ;

It is seven o'clock in the morning, they talk earnestly, between bites, of
and the young man who has pulled studies, of basketball, of girls, of
on the jersey has recently taken his professors, of whatnot,
turn under the common shower-bath Tiiere is time for a few minutes'
of his "floor." The looking-glass study before recitations begin lat
before which he combs his moist eight o'clock ; but as the clock in the
hair reflects part of a blue banner Thompson Hall tower strikes, long
with "New Hampshire" in large lines of students from various parts
white letters on it, the corner of a of the campus start for their appoint-
desk with an array of text-books, and ed classes. There are three divi-
the white end of a small iron bed in sions. into which all of the students
an alcove. In fact, there is a sec- fall, accordiaig to their choice, — .
ond bed which does not show in the those of Agriculture, Engineering,
glass and which is occupied by our and Arts and Science. It is nearly
friend's room-mate. On the chif- an even chance as to which of the
fonier which holds the glass are three three will have been selected by our
or four photographs, one of the boy's friend, the boy. If he is specializ-
mother and others of younger ladies ing in agriculture. his choicest
— girl friends. There is nothing courses will be found to lie in the
luxurious about the room ; it is a following lines : general agriculture,
place to study in and to sleep in ; that animal husbandry, dairy 'husbandry,
is all. and that is enough. There are forestry, horticulture, poultry hus-
about 250 rooms like this in the vari- bandry, or teacher tarining; but he
ous college dormitories, accomodat- must also, in order to have a well-
ing nearly 500 students, and rented rounded education, include other sub-
by the college at a price sufficiently jects, such as English, economics,
low to pay only a nominal interest on chemistry, mathematics. If he is
the investment. training to be an engineer, he may

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

One Hundred and Six Men Live in Fairchild Hall

specialize in chemistry, electrical or
mechanical engineering, architectural
construction, industrial engineering,
or teacher training. If his interest
is in arts and science, the general
course, the arts course in chemistry
and the teacher training work are
open, while the girls find in this di-
vision the opportunities of home eco-
nomics. In any case, in accordance
with the origin and function of the
college, the courses are designed to
be essentially practical, leading di-
rectly to the student's preparation for
a successful livelihood.

The morning is filled with recita-
tions, lectures, laboratory work, per-
haps an hour of reference reading in
the library with its classical columns
at the entrance and 44,000 volumes
inside. The boy has to take notes
quickly in his note-book ; he has to
be on the alert for recitations or a
possible "quiz" ; he has to be nimble
with tools at the shops, or accurate
with test-tubes at the chemical lab-
oratory ; he has to have his eye well
cocked to judge animals, or to note
the details of an architectural de-
sign ; he has to use the card-index,

readers' guides, encyclopedias, etc. at
the library ; he has to have his brain
open for knowledge at all times. Af-
ter the noon-hour he usually goes
back to the laboratories, or takes his
bit of physical training and military
drill.

At four o'clock he is free for rec-
reation ; and the chances are that af-
ter the long mental grind of the
class-rooms and laboratories, it is a
relief to get his muscles into action.
This is probably the main reason
why athletics forms such a popular
part of the rounds at all colleges. To
boot a football, follow a basketball
madly about the gymnasium floor,
race at a track meet, or chase
over the countryside in running
trousers on a cross-country run :• —
these may not be such mad pursuits
after all. Physical education is re-
(juired of all women students as well
as men ; and hockey, basketball and
volley ball are i)erhai)s more popular
than dances.

Aside from recreation, there are
other activities of a socially educa-
tional nature : student publications,
dramatic clul), debating society, glee

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

clulj, outing club, Y. M. and Y. W.
C. A.'s, scientific societies, and Greek
letter fraternities. There is nothing
obligatory about these extra-curric-
ulum enteri)rises, but a great deal of
knowledge in the form of experience
is absorbed by means of them. Take
the student weekly, for example.
The members of the staff learn to
write news stories, editorials, head-
lines, etc..
and to man-
age the busi-
ness side of
a pu])lication.
The members
of the glee
club and l)and
improve their
musical train-
ing. The Cer-
cle Francais
conversation s
are as valu-
able as class-
room recita-
tions. The debaters and actors ac-
quire the ability to speak clearly on
their feet.

After our friend, the boy, has
taken his part in these various recre-
ational, and social activities, has had
his supper, studied his lessons for

an aching hope in his heart that Ok
New Hampshire shall not fail in her
contests with the other colleges.
There is a deep pride in the ability
of the teams that represent the in-
stitution ; and a dogged tenacity to
win that has brought New Hamp-
shire athletics into the sporting pages
in recent years as never before.

On Sundays an influence which

bears upon
# the character

of the stu-
dent all week
is given full
play ; it is a
s u r pr ising
fact that 63
. i)ercent of the
students are
members of
some church,
while 76 per
cent of the
r e m a i n d e r
have consid-
ered joining seriously enough to
have formed a preference for
certain denominations. Among the
churches rejiresented are the Ad-
vent, Baptist. Catholic, Christian
Science, Christian, Congregational,
Friends, Greek ( )rthodox, Jewish,
the next day and perhaps done some Lutheran. Methodist Episcopal. Pres-

The Library With its Classical Columns
AT THE Entrance and 44,000 Volumes Within

more reading at the library, he is
re; dy to "call it a day," and to put
out one of the lights which has help-
ed to give his dormitory the appear-
ance of a factory on the night shift.
This is an ordinary day at New
Hampshire College. Once a week
there are chapel exercises in the gym-
ir:sium which has to serve as the
main auditorium ; and on these oc-
casions the student body is usually
addressed by some well known
speaker from the outside world. On
Saturday afternoon there may be a
'varsity game, when half of the stu-
dent's loyalty to his "alma mater" is
exj)ressed in resounding cheers foir
the team, and half of it remains as

byterian, Protestant, Protestant Epis-
copal, Union, United Brethren, Uni-
tarian and Universalist. The Com-
munity Church at Durham welcomes
all denominations ; a student pastor
conducts religious services during the
week and keeps a friendly eye and ear
open for opportunity to give assist-
ance and counsel ; a Catholic priest
from a neighboring town performs
the rites of the mass for the mem-
Ijers of his faith; and the Y. M. C.
A. and Y. W. C. A. are rallying cen-
ters for all.

Then there are the special days of
the year: New Hampshire Day when
the students take pick and shovel,
paint bnr^h, saw and hammer, dump

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

cart, stone boat and truck, and do "the granite of New Hampshire
manual labor in the interest of a bet- I" our muscles and our brains."
ter looking campus, while the girls Of recent years, however. Dart-
serve every one with a great noon- mouth has been pressed into the ser-
day meal ; Spring Festival, when vice of the entire nation ; and the
nymphs in brilliant colors dance State College, born and nourished at
classically on the green lawn, finish- Hanover under the wing of its older
ing with the Maypole ribbon-weav- sister, is continuing the traditions
ing rites of old ; Home-Coming Day, that it learned there.

when all doors are
opened for the re-
turning alumni ; Junior
Prom, when Society
with its capital S
reigns all over the
campus and the girls
we left behind us come
to town ; and finally
Commencement, with
its dignified caps and
gowns, and its sadness
of farewell.

So the days pass —
the ordinary days and
the extraordinary ones,
each of them drip-

Six hundred and
thirty young men and
women of the state,
representing 145 New
Hampshire towns, are
now enrolled at Dur-
ham. They come from
80 of the 84 approved
high schools of the
state. More than this,
they are from the rank
and file of the people.
Sixty per cent come
from the families of
farmers, tradesmen and
laborers ; twenty - five
per cent from those

ping slowly but force- ^■^^'^ ^k His Forestry Course ^f business and pro-

fully like water forming a chan- fessional men. Only seven per cent

nel in the clay. What four years of of their fathers are college gradu-

this sort of life mean to a New ates. and only one per cent of their

Hampshire boy or girl may hardly be mothers.

estimated; and what they mean to The great majority of these stu-

the state may not be guessed when it dents help in some way to put them-

is considered that there are now 1055 selves through college. Many of

students registered at the institution, them work all of their spare time for

So far, much of what has been board or room or both. Serving

said would apply to most of the meals, washing dishes, helping with

other colleges in the East besides house-work, doing farm chores, these

New Hampshire ; but there .are sev- are popular tasks ; and the doing of

eral respects in which this is peculiar- them wins respect from fellow stu-

ly an institution of the state. In the dents. The captain of last fall's

first place, about 80 per cent of the football team and president of his

student body are New Hampshire class not only has worked his entire

residents, and the great majority of way through college, but won the

these were actually born here. In prize for scholarship ranking among

the old days before it became a na- students who earn at least half of

tional institution, this was true of their expenses. The two oldest girls

Dartmouth ; and I think that every from a family of eight, whose father

loyal citizen of the state cherishes as is dead and whose mother is strug-

a New Hampshire product, the "Col- gHng to get a living for her other

lege on the Hill." and is as proud of children, told me recently that they

it as are its graduates who sing of earned their board and room and

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

"On Saturday Afternoon There May Be a 'Varsity Game"

practically all of their other ex-
penses. "We want to earn more
for our family," said one, "and we
know we can do so better with the
aid of a college education."

"Running through the first five let-
ters of the alphabet in the enrollment
of boys," says the College Registrar,
"one can pick out casually over 100
who earned more than half of their
expenses and 43 per cent of these
state that they have earned every
penny they spent. Most of them are
sons of farmers, small tradesmen, la-
borers, railroad men, bricklayers,
salesmen — not the "privileged classes"
but the hard-working people who are
the foundation and support of the
democracy. It is their sons who
have given the State College the rep-
utation for thorough democracy of
spirit. Student after student, in
stating on his admission registration
blanks the reason he chose New
Hampshire as his college, has said :
'Democratic atmosphere,' 'Financial
reasons, and N. H. C.'s growing
reputation' ; 'Reasonable expenses and
courses offered'; 'Reputation of the
college, personal knowledge of it, and
fact that it is my own state' ; 'Near-
ness, small expense and growing rep-
utation' ; 'Good chances for help in a
financial way, together with the fine
courses ofifered', etc.

"One of the young men who earn-
ed his entire expenses recently, ex-
cept for his Grange scholarship, was
the son of a cook in a timber town
in the north of the state," continues
the Registrar. "He did not allow the
heavy burden of combined study and
self-support either to deprive him of
the advantages of association with
other youths, of athletic sports or of
special activity in the department of
military training. He was a mem-
ber of a fraternity, played on his
class baseball team two years and in
basketball also ; won a sergeant's
stripes in the Reserve Officers' Train-
ing Corps ; and was an active mem-
ber lof the Economics Club which
studies and discusses the political
and social problems of the day. Add
to this that he was on the honor roll
for high standing in his studies and
it is easy to see why the college is
proud of its men.

"One recent girl graduate with an
honor record was born in Vilna,
Russia, daughter of a Jewish junk-
dealer. She earned 90 per cent of
her expenses, and specialized in so-
ciology and economics with a view
to the alleviation of the lot of the
poor among her own people.

"For three years another girl walk-
ed six miles in all sorts of weather
in order to be able to take the home

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

(>7

economics course at the college. vShe
earned half her money herself, pettinsi'
up at four o'clock to milk twenty
cows, and on Saturdays added to this
lahor the distrihution of the milk in
the nearest city.

"A returned soldier, sent to the
college hy the Federal Board, had a
wife and little hahy girl to care for.
When he went into the army, his
hrave wife took charge of the garage
which had been their support. His
return with serious wounds brought
him the opportunity! for rehabilita-
tion training at the college. They
had been separated so long that his
wife decided to sell their small busi-
ness and take 'roomers' in order to
be with him. He has done good
work in the mechanical engineering
department, and is a good influence
rmong the less mature men he comes
in contact with."

The names of these and a multi-
tude of other students who work
hard for the education which they
desire so earnestly are on file at the
Registrar's office, and their records
tell dramatically the price that hun-
dreds of young men and women are
willing to pay for the opportunities
furnished by the state. For the con-
venience of students who may find
it more economical to borrow a small
amount of money rather than devote
such a large part of their time to
outside work, gifts from various
sources have enabled the Stude^nt
Fo?.n Committee of the College to as-
sist a large number in their Junior
and Senior years. For the most
part the loans are small, but they are
usually necessary in order that stud-
ies may be kept up satisfactorily.
They are made on strictly business
principles, going on interest at the
close of the course.

The institution is a people's college
in more than the sense that the sons
and daughters of the rank and file
come to it for a higher education,

however ; for the college is now
being carried to the homes of the
people themselves outside its 'walls.
No proper estimate of the service
rendered by it can be made without
considering most carefully the lead-
ership in community development
which has been taken by the Exten-
sion Service and the far-reaching in-
vestigations in the interests of better
farm conditions made by the Agri-
cultural Experiment Station.

Founded in 1887 as a result of
Federal legislation, the Experiment
Station has gradually acquired facts
in regard to the agricultural problems
of the state which have already in
important instances shaped a better
farming i)olicy. For detailed infor-
mation as to what this work has
meant the reader may be referred to
a recent bulletin, published by the
Station, entitled "Digging Up Facts
for New Hampshire Farms." This
bulletin shows graphically how the
research investigations have answer-
ed such fundamental questions as :
"Can we afford to buy fertilizer?"
"How can we cut our grain bill?"
"flow can we grow better crops?"
"How can we raise livestock more
profitably?" and "How can we re-
duce the taxes paid to pests and
disease?"

The fund of information acquired
by the Experiment Station has con-
stantly been spread, ^through bulle-
tins, through lectures, tihrough cor-
respondence, and through press arti-
cles, among the people of the state.
During the past decade, however,
both the investigations and the teach-
ings of the college in agriculture and
home economics have been through
the medium of a new agency writ-
ten with amazing rapidity into farm
politics. This agency is the Exten-
sion Service. Built up from the be-
ginning under the direction of the
head of the Experiment Station, Di-
rector J. C. Kendall, the extension
work is combined with the research

68 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

investigations and more comprehen- open ; and the people who attend are
sively than in most other states of treated not so much as visitors as the
the union. It has now reached a rightful heirs of a public institution,
point, to quote a recent report, For four summers practically all
"where over 8000 of the more active of the state-wide agricultural and
farmers of the state have solidly home organizations have united in
aligned themselves behind it ; where the Farmers' and Home-Makers'
over 1000 persons are serving on Conferences. The streets of Dur-
committees to promote definite ex- ham are lined on both sides with
tension projects; where nearly half parked automobiles; t|he lecture-
of the funds in support of the work rooms are filled with intensely inter-
is raised in the counties themselves ; ested men and women ; and from five
and where it is clear that the farm to six thousand people in one week
and home practices of the state are have enjoyed the facilities of the
being momentously aiTected." college. Last summer for the first

It is worth while considering that time a summer school was also start-
the welfare of the state is bound up ed, with a view to giving six weeks'
inevitably with the problem of re- instruction to teachers, students need-
habilitating its agricultujre. Unless ing extra credits, graduate scholars,
farming can be made more profitable, and others.

the drift away from the country. Still another service to the state
which was clearly shown by the 1920 has been rendered through the Smith-
census, will continue; and unless Hughes teacher-training work. Six-
more of New Hampshire's food can teen high schools where agriculture is
be raised economically within her taught now receive the benefit of
own borders, her manufacturing supervision from the college, while
concerns will find themselves more students at the college are trained in
and more unable to hold their own all of the divisions along pedagogical
with the competition of the South lines, and students in the home eco-
and Middle West. To produce more nomics courses are assisted for
at less cost per unit, to market more eight weeks in the year in actually
efficiently, to improve farm home giving instruction in this subject in
conditions, these are the slogans to various centers of the state,
which the Extension Service has ral- Perhaps nothing has been more
lied the bulk of the farming popula- phenomenal in regard to New Hamp-
tion. shire College than its rapid growth

Among the far-sighted plans of during the last decade. Legislators
President Hetzel none has been de- have been alarmed by it. Alumni
veloped with greater determination have viewed it with swelling pride,
than to make the institution a great Faculty members have scratched their
educational forum, at which all inter- heads to find ways to accommodate
ested state organizations and indi- it. Executives have even raised tui-
viduals might confer on methods of tion and fees to check it. Yet the
state })rc)gress. Boiled down to its enrollment and demands upon the in-
essence, it is only good "factory man- stitution have kept mounting. Some-
agement;" the state's educational thing in the state has reached out to
plant should be kept busy in its off- Durham as a plant gropes instinctive-
seasons. Hence various civic, social, ly towards the light; and this desire,
religious, ofticial, agricultural and in the breasts of multitudes of people,
home organizations are welcomed to for a higher education is one of the
the campus during the vacation pe- most hopeful and significant signs
rids. The buildings are thrown wide of the times.

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

The College Greenhouses Are Used Both for Instruction
AND Experiment Work

Ten years ago the complete regis-
stration at the coUege amounted to
only 336; to-day it is 1055. This
tells the story of the series of crises
which in the past few years have had
to be faced by these who have had
charge of steering the institution's
course.

More students have meant more
teachers. The faculty to-day num-
bers nearly one hundred, and, to-
gether with the members of the ex-
tension and research stafif, is now as
large as the entire student body was
at the beginning of the century.
Class rooms, laboratories, dormitor-
ies, auditorium, faculty offices, li-
brary, heating plant, all of the re-
sources of the institution have been
strained to the utmost to respond to
this urge on the part of the people
of the state for greater knowledge
and better training.

"We have been in the position of
a growing family," says President
Hetzel. "There have been each year
more mouths to feed, new calls for
room and accommodations. The
need for economy has been constant
— we have had to measure carefully
each expenditure, and yet the neces-
sity for expenditure has been more
and more urgent."

Yet during the past five years, in
spite of the fact that the institution
has more than doubled in size, the
state has not been asked to provide
more buildings ! This fact, amaz-
ing on the face of it, can only be ac-
counted for in three ways: (1) the
generosity of a true friend of the
college, Mrs. Alice Hamilton Smith,
in providing a girls' dormitory car-
ing for more than 100 young women;
(2) the foresightedness of the col-
lege executives in making a perma-
nent use of the buildings, labor and
funds provided by the Federal gov-
ernment during the emergency pe-
riod; and (3) a most careful expen-
diture of all moneys.

A great part of the increase in en-
rollment has been due to the growing
demand on the part of young women
for an education on a par with that
given by the state to young men ;
and the gift of Mrs. Smith was an
inestimable aid in making it possible
to fill this need. No less valuable
was the construction work done dur-
ing the war when the college was a
military training camp. In a great
many institutions the buildings erect-
ed at that time have been considered
only of temporary value and have
been scrapped. Not so at New

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Nut All the
Is Done In

Hampshire. The buildings have
been carefully adjusted to future re-
quirements with practically ,no tost
to the state. The barracks have been
converted into dormitories that house
160 men. The wing to Smith Hall
has been utilized to double the capa-
city of that girls'
dormitory. The
capacity of the
shops has been
tripled. The i)ig-
gery and poultry
plant and cement
walks are a lasting
memorial to the
])ractice labrjr of
the construction
units. The "V"
hut has l)een made
into a combination
of recitation room and faculty head-
(|uarters.

The important agricultural investi-
gations of the Experiment Station
have l)een made almost entirely with
federal funds ; in fact, New Hamp-
shire was one out of only three states
in the Union until the last biennium
not to provide state appropriations
for this purpose. The far-reaching
development of extension work, in
similar fashion, has been conducted
with a minimum of requests upon the
state. And the expenditure of all
funds is planned carefully by a bud-
get system and scrupulously carried
out with rigid economy by the Busi-
ness Office, which, at the entrance to
Thompson Hall, guards the institu-
tion like an impartial watch-dog.

One other source of aid to the in-
stitution should 1)6 mentioned, and
that is the loyal body of alumni.
Hardly greater in numbers than the
present student body itself, these men
and women have recently met tli/e
crying need for greater recreational
space by contributing over $25,000
for the construction of a Memorial
Athletic Field with a grandstand that

seats 3500 and a carefully drained
football gridiron circled by one of
the best quarter-mile tracks in the
country.

In some respects economy at the
institution has been carried to the
point where it is not truly economical.

For instance, the
congestion in the
class - rooms has
made it absolutely
necessary to cur-
tail the laboratory
instruction and to
turn students into
large lecture quar-
ters, an inefficient
■| procedure and one
. . ^;. that must he only

College Work temporary.

Classrooms "Aside from a

slightly increased maintenance ap-
])roi)riation," says President Hetzel,
"we have only one plea to make
to the present legislature ; and
that is to make possil:)le the
construction of a new class room
building which will put a stop
to this congestion which is so dam-
aging to our educational work. We
cannot afford to lower our standards
of instruction even temporarily ; and
the need for action to prevent this
cannot longer be staved off."

As soon as one compares the ex-
pense of New Hampshire's state col-
lege with the educational plants of
the other states of the Union, the
magnitude of the accomplishments at
Durham may be better realized. The
average part played by public funds
in the support of all of the state col-
leges of the country is 72.8 per cent,
whereas in New Hampshire the pub-
lic funds amount to only 54.7 per
cent. With the exception of one or
two very heavily endowed institu-
tions, this is the lowest in the coun-
try. On the other hand, New Hamp-
shire exacts a larger tuition and fee
charge for out-of-state students than

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EDUCATIONAL PLANT

any other state college, while its
charge to state students is only ex-
ceeded by one. In the majority of
state colleges no tuition fee at all is
required of residents.

In the face of these facts, the in-
creasing demand on the part of New
Hampshire's young men and women
to share in the opportunities of a
state educational plant can well be
considered anew. New Hampshire
College is not so much of a problem
to the tax-payer as it is to the pro-
spective student. Viewed in the

light of the popular response of other
states to the movement for a high-
er education, the state has been ask-
ed for an absolute minimum of sup-
port. It is a conservative and safe
statement that in no other common-
wealth has the state received as much
fur the amount which it has put in.
If state appropriations were bonds
and increased education were divi-
dends, then would the brokerage
column^ of our newspa])ers quote
"X. II. t." at the highest point
; bove par.

NEW ENGLAND DISCOVERS WINTER

E\V England's discovery of

N winter is to be ranked as
one of the most beneficial
discoveries of the last decade. Ten
years ago one i)ut away sleds
and skates with other childish
things and .spent the months from
Novem])er until March hibernating
either in some warmer clime or
huddled close beside the fire at
home. Today there are not a few
of us who get more real outdoor
sport in January than in June.

On our desk as we write is a
l)artial list of Winter Carnivals
which have, been held or which will
be held in New England this winter.
The list includes twenty-five events
and is incomplete and tentative at

that. It is interesting to notice that
of the twenty-five nearly one-half
are in Xew Hampshire.

During January perhaps the
most unicjue event was Manches-
ter's carnival. This month all eyes
are turned upon Dartmouth, whose
celebration Eebruary 8-10 promises
to be even better than in years past.
Immediately following the sports at
Dartmouth, Laconia will be the
scene of the races of the New Eng-
land Skating Association. Con-
cord and Berlin are having their
carnivals early in the month and
undoubtedly other towns and cities
will follow suit, either formally or
informallv, l>efore the snow begins
to melt.

NOTE

The editors regret that it has been
necessary to postpone publication of
the article on Manchester's growth
bv Aliss Savacool, which was an-

nounced for this issue. It will ap-
pear in the March issue of the
Granite Monthly — and it's worth

waitnig

for.

THE BENT TWIG

A Story of a Victory

By William M. Stuart

WITH a sudden premoni- "Well, that's better than no honor

tory whir, the sitting at all. If it wasn't for Mike I'd

room clock struck nine, give it up- Joshua's been good to

Bob Brownell .started in his chair me. And then that little — . I won-

by the fire and arose, exhaling der why he kept it? Did he — ?"

his breath sharply as he did .so. He He broke ofif suddenly and strode

glanced around the room and a sly across the room to the front door,

look came into his eyes- Placing two fingers in his mouth,

"Why not help myself to a part he sounded a piercing whistle. A
of it before Mike comes?" he mur- moment of waiting and an answer-
mured. "He'll think Joshua sent ing call came from somewhere in
it away at the last minute." the darkness outside.

He pondered the matter awhile, Bob stood in the doorway wait-
breathing deeply. His eyes nar- ing. Although it was October,
rowed as he asked himself another the night was not cold; yet he
question: "Why not all of it? I shivered. He shivered until his
might as well be a whole hog as teeth clicked together as he stood
part." in the doorway waiting. A full

Carefully he considered the prop- moon spread its light over the land-
osition, glancing uneasily around scape and rendered far distant ob-
the room as though he half-ex- jects visible. Bob could plainly see
pected some eye was upon him. the hay barn in the south meadow
Finally he tiptoed across the room, one-half mile away. There was a
took a box from the mantel-shelf, shadow on the north side as though
and opened it. He fumbled for a the sun were shining,
moment, then brought forth a key. Somehow the moon affected Bob
Laying this on the table, he drew curiously. He did not feel at all
out a shapeless object which comfortable. A vague fear op-
gleamed redly in the light of the pressed him. He tried to assume a
kerosene lamp. At first he stared blase manner, but many disturb-
at this curiously, then as if fasci- ing thoughts came into his mind,
nated. His breathing became audi- One thought that persisted was of
ble and he ran his fingers through the shapeless object that he had
his hair with a nervous gesture, just held in his hand and that had
For perhaps ten minutes he stood gleamed redly in the light of the
there and stared at the shapeless kerosene lamp. He laughed nerv-
object which lay in the palm of his ously as he rolled a cigarette,
trembling hand. At last, as if **iMust be I'm moonstruck," he
awaking from a trance, he replaced murmured. "I've heard of such
the article in the box, threw the things-"

key in after and put the receptacle A shadow, which had detached

back on the mantel. itself from the woods below the

"No," he ejaculated, "I'll not garden, was coming up the road,
double-cross Mike. I hope I've The shadow speedily resolved it-
got a little honor left. 'Honor self into a man and entered the
among thieves.' " he soliloquized, dooryard-

THE BENT TWIG

"All to the mustard, Bob?"

"Yep, the coast is clear. Come
along in."

The man entered the room and
gazed about curiously. "Great
night for our getaway," he growled
harshly. "Where does the old boy
keep his kale?"

The newcomer differed material-
ly in appearance from the one who
had admitted him. His red face,
bull neck, projecting chin and
shifty eyes indicated as plainly as
his words that he was of the crimi-
nal type. A striped sweater and a
cap added to the effect.

On the other hand. Bob pre-
sented the appearance of one who
was a novice in crime. His mea-
ger seventeen years was evident,
and the awe and admiration with
which he regarded his companion
could not be suppressed.

"They haven't been gone an
hour," he .said tremulously, "but I
guess it's safe. They won't be
back until midnight. Big supper
with speaking and all that. It's
our chance."

He tried to talk big, but his man-
ner was not as confident as his
words would indicate. "Do you
suppose they can trail us, Mike?"

"Trail nothin'- These rubes
around here don't know they're
alive. Lead me to the filthy lucre-"

"I'll get the key to his box. We
don't want to take the box, do we,
Mike?"

"Naw, we don't want the box,
but we want the long green,
pronto. Get the key."

"It's in the little wooden box on
the mantel. He keeps all his keys
there."

The youth crossed the room, took
the key from the shelf and opened
it. He picked out a key, then hesi-
tated as his eyes were attracted by
the other object within the re-
ceptale. A strange look came into

his eyes as he drew forth again a
little red woolen mitten.

Bob Brownell stared at the mit-
ten. It was old, frayed, and
faded, but it fascinated him. Many
thoughts coursed through his
mind and the scroll of the last nine
years of his life, which had started
to unfold before the entrance of
Mike, resumed the presentation of
memory's pictures to his mental
gaze. Mike coughed and shuffled
his feet impatiently, but still the
boy stood and looked at the little
mitten while the dreamy look
deepened in his eyes and his lip
trembled.

Like lightning his mind ran back
over the years that were gone.
Vividly he recalled that bitter win-
ter's day in wind-swept City Hall
Park when Joshua Brownell had
stopped to speak to him and then
had offered him a home.

He recollected the long ride home
from the station, over the squeak-
ing snow and with now and then a
rabbit darting from a bush and
hopping away through the moon-
light.

But mostly he remembered that
first night around the comfortable
kitchen fire after such a supper as
he had never dreamed of before.
His new friends had brought forth
gifts : and greatest among them
was a pair of gorgeous little red
mittens- Before their beauty he
had succumbed, and when he went
to bed he wore them. He had
slept with them on his hands.
And during the years that fol-
lowed, he had never forgotten
them.

Also his active mind recalled an
overheard conversation of recent
date that had both alarmed him and
given rise to disturbing thoughts.
This had transpired but the day
before when Mrs. Brownell had
held converse with her husband at

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

the breakfast table. The lad was
supposed to have gone to the field,
but in reality he lingered in the
kitchen and heard all.

"Joshua, I don't like the way
Bobby is acting lately," Mrs.
Brownell had announced. "He's
getting to be tough. He swears at
the team dreadful and he associates
with that Mike McGee, who was
once in the reformatory. He
seems to take to such company.
I think he crawls out the window
nights and goes away with Mike.
And this morning I found a re-
volver under the straw-tick of his
bed."

"What did you do with the gun,
Martha?"

"Left it alone, of course. 1
dasn't touch it. What does he
have it for — and keep it hidden
that way?"

"I'll have to look into the mat-
ter, Martha."

"I should say it's about time.
Lm afraid you made a mistake in
picking him u^) the way you did —
slam-bang, without any investiga-
tion. He's got bad blood in him,
ril bet. And the Bible says 'blood
will tell-' He's older now than he
was and it's beginning to crop out."

"No, ALartha, the Bible doesn't
say that. It says, however, that
'the way a twig is bent so will the
tree be inclined.' I know I took a
big chance, picking him up that
way, but he looked .so much like
our Bobby used to that I was just
drawed to him. Maybe he's got
bad blood — wouldn't wonder 'n he
had — but we caught him young and
have tried to train him right.
He'll get sick of the company of
j\Iike after a while."

"It's risky, Joshua. I'm getting
afraid of him. We hadn't ought
to keep him any longer. I'm glad
we didn't adopt him."

"Maybe you've been reading the
same magazine article that I have,

Martha. The one by the eugenic
chap. He said that no matter what
the environment, bad blood would
show itself — that a boy with bad
blood would be a bad man. Now
that don't seem fair. A boy can't
help how he is born. I'd just like
to prove by Bobby that the writer
chap is wrong; sometimes at least."

"I tell you it's risky, Joshua —
keeping him any longer. That
pesky Mike ain't putting any good
ideas into his head."

"As for Mike," Joshua had re-
sumed, "he's sort of a hero to
Bobby. Boys naturally take to
older boys who can tell big stories
of what they've done. I happened
i>n 'em — on Mike and Bobby — one
day when they were fishing and
Mike was telling the most gosh-
awful story of how he made a
monkey out of a constable on a cer-
tain occasion. It'.s hero worship,
Martha. But let's give the boy
another chance and make environ-
ment win this time."

And the next day — this day — at
the dinner table, Joshua had an-
nounced: "Bobby, Mother and I
are going to the Grange supper
tonight and won't be back until
about midnight. I wish you'd stay
home. I've got that six hundred
dollars of hay money in the house
vet and I'm a little nervous about
it : although I guess there's no
danger. You won't be afraid to
stay alone, will you ?"

"Oh, no," he had promptly
answered, "I'll be all right. Go
ahead. I'll watch the house. I
wasn't going out tonight anyhow."

And now here he was at the part-
ing of the ways.

"W>11, fer de love of Pete!"
growled jNIike, "wot's der matter
wid yer? Wotayer standin' there
lookin' at dat old mitten fer?
Froze to it? Throw me der key
if yer can't move. I want ter git
me hands on dem shekels."

THE BENT TWIG

Slowly the lad drew in his breath
as he turned and faced his compan-
ion, the little red mitten still in his
hand. He stood very straight and
there was a look in his eye that
Mike had never seen before.

"Thank you, Mike," he said in a
queer voice. "You just woke me
up. I've decided we won't rob Mr.
Brownell tonight — or any other
night-"

"We won't, hey?" shouted Mike.
"Goin' ter double-cross me, hey?
Well, dat won't woik, me laddy-
buck. I's Mike McGee, I is, an'
nobody can't put no hook inter me.
Does yer git me. Bo?"

"You'd better be going, Mike.
Good night."

"Good night, is it? I'd jist like
ter know wot's to hinder me knock-
in' you out, you yearlin' calf, and
walkin' off wid all der sou-niark-
ees."

He started toward the boy, chin
thrust out aggressively.

"Oh, merely this," answered
Bobby easily as a revolver gleamed
in his hand. "Just turn around,
Mike, and vanish through that door.
Then keep on going. I'm a little
nervous and this thing is liable to
go off."

Mike swore fluently and with em-
phasis, but finally turned and bolt-
ed through the doorway.

"I'll git you fer dis, you half-
baked gutter-snipe," he bellowed..

"Don't come around this way
again, Mike," called Bobby from
the doorstep. "I've decided to
weed out some of my associates
and I guess I'll begin with you."

He watched his erstwhile crony
until he had vanished around the
bend in the road, then gazed about
the moon-lit landscape with a
strange glow in his breast. "Just

like it was the night I came," he
murmured as he re-entered the
house.

He started violently, for there
sitting easily in a rocking chair,
with his double-barrelled shotgun
across his knees, was Joshua
Brownell-

"Why," began the youth, "I— I
thought you was at ."

"Yes, I suppose you did, and so
did Mike- As a matter of fact, I
was. I took Martha over, then I
came back. I saw your struggle,
Bobby, and I saw you win. I felt
sure you would, but I took no
chances. There's an old adage,
Bobby, 'Trust in God and keep the
powder dry.' 'Tis a good motto —
for some occasions.

"I had you covered all the time
from the dark — in the parlor. The
door was open a crack. If you had
unlocked the box in my room, you
would have died that instant — and
Mike the next. You know what a
shotgun will do at close range."

"But I didn't do it," said Bobby
tremulously, "and I didn't know
you were here."

"No, my boy, you won the fight
alone. I was confident you would
see where you were headed if some-
thing would wake you up and set
you to thinking. I thought the
little mitten would do it. That's
why I put it there. You see, I
always kept one of 'em just to —
just to — ."

He broke off suddenly, placed
his gun in a corner, arose and put
on his hat. "Bobby," he resumed,
" 'tain't necessary for Martha to
know anything about this. It's
just between us men- And now to
prove that I trust you, I'm going
right back to the grange hall.
You've won, Bobby."

I'hi>t(i l.y M. S. Lamprey

(,(^

The Junction of the Contoocook and the Merrimack During the Flood of 1895

THE WATER THAT GOES OVER THE DAM

DOES NO WORK"

Whv Not Make It Turn Our Mill Wheels?

By George B. Leighton

ANY one observing a flow
of water over a mill dam
will realize on a moment's
reflection that the mill gets no
power from such water. Do we
recognize that if this waste water
was impounded it could be used to
keep the stream fuller in the
dry seasons of the year? In a
word, that is the conservation
problem of water in New Hamp-
shire. Many thousand of tons of
coal could be .saved, at a saving of
five dollars or more per ton, be-
cause most of the m'ills are forced
to have auxiliary steam power on
account of lack of storage of flood
waters. This problem has inter-
ested the writer for a number of
years. Before one can suggest so-
lutions of problems of the kind,
it is necessary to have accurate in-
formation. The water powers of
the state have been built by private
corporations which only studied
the particular location. That was
often done in a crude way com-

pared to modern methods. Some
storage was created, particularly
that on Lake Winnepesaukee. Re-
liable information as to rainfall and
run-off was unobtainable.

During the Legislative Session
of 1917 there was sufficient recogni-
tion of the importance of water
power to the industries of the state
and of the absence of comprehen-
sive knowledge of what were the
resources of the state to make a
survey of the problem. A short
bill was passed (No. 256) providing
for the appointment of a commis-
sion to investigate the natural con-
dition, providing for co-operation
in the work with the United States
Geological Survey, and appropri-
ating $3000 for expenses. The
writer was appointed Commis-
sioner and arrangements were
made w'ith the Geological Sur-
vey to do the field work. Mr.
C. H. Pierce, the District Engineer
for New England had charge of this
work, and both he and his assist-

THE WATER THAT GOES OVER THE DAM DOES NO WORK jy

ants were eminently qualified to
perform the task, 'i'he Survey ex-
pended federal money to about the
amount expended by the State.
The result was the report submit-
ted to the Legislature. January
1919.

Finding it impossible to make
a comprehensive report both on
storage and undeveloped water
powers, the question of storage was
considered chiefly.

The salient points covered and
set forth were : — First, that every
lake or pond of any moment in the
state was visited and an estimate
made of its storage capacity.
Could a considerable amount of
storage be effected at reasonable
cost? This necessitated a general
knowledge of the area from which
it received the run-off from snows
and rain and of approximating the
cost of a dam to hold thi.s water.
These ponds were then grouped
into smaller river systems as the
Ashuelot and Contoocook, and
then all these into the large river
storage as that of the JMerrimack
and Connecticut. Secondly, the
report suggested a plan for estab-
lishing such storage. A subse-
quent act in 1919 enabled a study
to be made of undeveloped powers.
This was done in much the same
way. In both cases the work was
performed considerably within the
appropriation, so that today New
Hampshire has accurate and rea-
sonabl}- complete information as to
its water power resources. It is
directly a problem now as to
whether the people of the state de-
sire to avail themselves of this nat-
ural resource to benefit the indus-
tries and themselves in these days
of high cost of coal and of manu-
facture. The storage report showed
that there were 101 ponds and
lakes capable of conservation of
flood waters : 56 in the Connecticut,

54 in the Merrimack; and one on
the Androscoggin. There seemed
to be none on the costal streams
like the Cocheco worthy of further
storage development. Eleven

stream-gauging stations were es-
tablished so that accurate data
might be obtained of actual river
flow. These have been maintained
to date and the information they
give is of highest value to water-
power study.

The largest body of lake water
in the state is Winnepesaukee, hav-
ing a drainage area of 360 square
miles or 230,000 acres. There has
been a dam at Lakeport for many
years and records are available for
some fifty years. The dam is not
.sufficient to hold water from a year
or more of heavy rainfall to a sub-
sequent period. It would be a mat-
ter of small expense to raise the
dam six inches or a foot but the
land damages might be considera-
ble if raised more than a foot. If
one foot more could be put on the
dam. it would, we estimate, develop
10,000,000 horse-power hours down
the Winnepesaukee River to its
confluence with the Pesnigervasset
and of course considerably more on
down the Merrimack.

In just .such a way were all of the
one hundred places studied. There
is a possibility near Keene, Tenant
Swamp, of making a dam 25 feet
high and 1500 feet long which
would make a reservoir five miles
long and enable all the millb in the
Ashuelot Valley to dispense with
coal for power — almost if not en-
tirely. The Suncook Ponds afford
a similar storage possibility. The
dams of each of these places
would co.st about $300,000. As-
sume cost of operation — amortiza-
tion and all that — at 10%. which
would be $30,000. It would in each
case require only the saving of
5000 tons of coal at $6.00 to make

7S,

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Photo by c. b. Jr'itrce, U. S. Ueological Survey

Ordinarily the Connecticut at Bellows Falls Looks Like This —

them worth while, while the actual
saving- would be far greater, possi-
bly four or five times that amount.
Why not do it and do it now?

The two principal rivers of our
state reach the sea through Massa-
chusetts. There are important
power plants in that state on both
the Connecticut and Merrimack
and if water is stored in New
Hampshire, considerable benefits
will be assured to these m'ills. As
yet there is no legal method to
compel them to join in the cost of
storage or pay for its benefits, but
a number of them are ready and
anxious to do their part — particu-
larly is this true of the Locks and
Canals at Lowell and the company
at Turner Falls, so a reasonable as-
sistance can no doubt be assured
when New Hampshire has some-
thing to offer.

The study of our undeveloped
water powers has shown that
there are approximately 375,000,000
horse-power hours on the Con-
necticut and its tributaries and
144,000,000 on the Men^imack.
These figures are large and to a

layman convey little, but it may be
put in other words by saying that
this represents an increase of about
100% over what is now in use.
What an undeveloped resource !

Five hundred million horse-
power hours annually, equal ap-
})roximately to one million and a half
horse-power hours a day — or three
million horse-power hours for ten
hours of the day, or, to consider it
as one unit of power, it means a
plant of about two hundred and
fifty thousand horse-power added
to the state's resources!

Water powers are located in par-
ticular places and for specific uses
and markets. Therefore, it seems
better to leave their development
to private capital. Water storage
is of general benefit and quite prop-
erly is a matter the state should
establish ; and water storage if pri-
vately owned by certain mills may
be released only as they may de-
sire, whereas it should be released
for the benefit of all the mills on
the stream.

With the absence of storage of
flood waters and of stream control

THE WATER THAT GOES OVER THE DAM DOES NO WORK 79

■f^-.

Photo Ijy F. J. Blake

-But This Shows Its Appearance During the Flood of 191.?

as it is today, there is less induce-
ment to the establishment of power
plants. A considerable time each
year flood waters pass down stream
doing no work and at other times
the streams are so low that auxil-
iary steam power i.s needed.

Water storage on a considerable
scale has been established at sev-
eral places in New England — one
on the Androscoggin near the New
Hampshire line and another on the
headwaters of the Deerfield River
in Southern Vermont. The storage
of the Aziscoos dam on the Andro-
scoggin has been developed by
joint action of the large power in-
terests on the river at Berlin, Rum-
ford Falls, and Lewiston ; that on
the Deerfield by the Connecticut
River Power Company for its sev-
eral plants on the Deerfield. Owing
to the local conditions, a small
mileage of the river within the con-
fines of the state and the mutual
organization of the large mills, little

mention is made of the Androscog-
gin in the reports. That river
is not a New Hampshire problem.
Neither is the Saco. Its storage
reservoirs, developed and undevel-
oped, lie principally in Maine.
Alaine has a law, the constitution-
ality of which has not been passed
upon as yet, that electric power
cannot be transmitted beyond the
state line. It is theoretically pos-
sible to take Maine power to Mas-
sachusetts, and Maine has enor-
mous power resources, but such a
power must needs pass through our
state. This is a question which
sooner or later must be adjudi-
cated.

The recent decision of the United
States Supreme Court holding that
the Pennsylvania anthracite tax is
constitutional may have a bearing
on the question, but, of kindred
nature, the question arises if New
Hampshire may not tax users in
Vermont for Connecticut River

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Dam At Contoocook River Park

water power, for
the river to its
west bank belongs
to New Hamp-
shire. In the re-
port on Water
Storage rendered
to the Legislature
of 1919, the water
power and stor-
age on the An-
droscoggin is fully
reported by Wal-
ter H^. Sawyer, the
consulting Engi-
neer in charge of the work, show-
ing how that problem was analyzed
and handled in practice. In ad-
dition plans and policies under con-
sideration and in effect particularly
in Wisconsin are touched upon in
this report.

The New Hampshire problem
seems to call for a dift'erent method
on account of the importance of the
smaller rivers in the aggregate and
of the large number of compara-
tively small mills. It would be
difficult to get all interested to
unite in i^olicy or share the finan-
cial requirements on a theoretical
basis. Therefore, some state policy
must be resorted to. The plan
laid down in the report and which
has as yet, after four years of pub-
licity, not been objected to except
as to some detail, which was to be
expected and desired, has these
recommendations :

1. That water storage should be
developed by state authority.

2. That the state should lend
its credit by the issuance of bonds,
but that no work should be under-
taken until long time contracts for
the payment of stored water should
be made by responsible power
plants.

3. That such payments must in-
clude the full interest paid by the
state on the bonds, plus a sinking
fund and plus cost of operation

and upkeep. All this
should not amount
to over ten per cent
— or, for example,
the construction of
dams costing $1,-
OOO.COO. at least
$100,000 a year
would have to be
shown in contracts
for water.

4. That the value
of stored water be
translated into coal
saved.

I quote from the report as fol-
lows :

"In conference with power companies
it is gratifying" to learn that they are will-
ing to pay liberally for water power as a
substitnte for coal. Several have said they
would pay for coal saved by water, for
example, at $3 per ton when coal costs $4.
In this report Mr. Pierce has worked out
the Suncook Conservation in order to in-
dicate how an analysis should be made.
If, for example, it is found that ten thou-
sand tons of coal can be saved in a cer-
tain river basin if the flow is more equal,
the mills should be willing to pay at least
thirty thousand dollars per year, which
would be ten per cent on a cost of three
hundred thousand dollars. Coal must be
provided at each of the mills on the river
during the dry season, whereas if storage
is provided at the head waters the power
can be used at the successive dams the
year round, and as these mills are located
one below the other, the same storage de-
velopment applies to all of them. The re-
lation of cost of construction, rainfall,
area affected and benefits must be studied
in each case. Each project should be at
least self-sustaining. This ten per cent
above referred to may be approximated
as consisting of five per cent for the use
of the money, two and a half per cent,
for amortization, and two and a half per
cent for costs of operation and control.
By the issuance of long term bonds the
amortization of two and a half per cent
per annum will pay the original cost in
forty years. Some developments will un-
doubtedly prove to be the means of adding
to the state treasury. How will the money
be secured? Unquestionably the cheapest
way is for the state to lend its credit by
the issuance of bonds. These may be is-
sued in small or large amounts depending
on work; to be undertaken annually. The

THE WATER THAT GOES OVER THE DAM DOES NO WORK 8l

people of the state would have no added
burden and benefits of the improvements
would be secured at a minimum cost. In
normal times the state can secure money
at less than five per cent, the cost of oper-
ation may not be as much as two and a
half per cent, so the total cost may be
nearer eight per cent than ten per cent.

Coal is materially higher than
when the report was written, so
the problem is more important to-
day. Coal may decline but it now
seems improbable that it will get
down to $4, delivered at New
Hampshire mills, for a long time.
Several hundred thousand tons of
coal can l)e saved yearly. If
twenty-five to thirty per cent is
taken off the average coal price as
a basis of water value the mills
have saved that to start with which
w<nild mean a milhon or more di-

rectly saved to them, and the fig-
ure might be twice as much.

In course of time when the bonds
are amortized the state will have
a very considerable source of in-
come from such a storage develop-
ment and meantime cannot lose un-
less certain dams are washed away,
which is hardly worth considering
even as a possibility.

5. The work ought to be placed
in the hands of the Public Service
Commission, who can do it with
little increase of organization and
minimum of expense.

If a beginning is made by creat-
ing some storage at one or two im-
portant places, the plan can be
tested and it can be quickly as-
certained if the benefits prove what
it is believed thev will be.

A SIMILAR PLEA

From Another Source

AS the magazine goes to press
there comes to us a news-
paper clipping which has a
definite bearing on the subject of
which Mr. Leighton writes. It in-
cludes a statement by an engineer
interested in the i)lans for the de-
velopment of the Blackwater valley
proposed by a firm in Massachu-
setts. We quote only a few para-
graphs from the statement which
appeared in 'die Boston Herald of
Sunday. January 28 :

"The importance of the develop-
ment of the water power resources
of New England, if its mills are to
survive in competition with the
South, has become pretty clearly
recognized.

"As New England has no supply
of coal within its borders it must re-
ly upon the coal hauled in from out-
side states or else make use of the

water power resources which na-
ture has ])rovided within its l)0unda-
ries. The importance of this is par-
ticularly clear in the case of the New
Hampshire textile mills which are
not located on tidewater and which
must therefore depend on expensive
railroad coal.

"The South with its coal mines
close to its mills has a great advant-
age over New Hampshire and New
England in this respect. It is a
crying shame to have any part of the
rainfall which falls in the upper re-
gions of the great river systems of
New England go by water power
plants without adding its quota to
the power developed there.

"The value of the water of the
Blackwater river to the Merrimack
river plants is in the ratio of two to
one — that is to say, for every kilo-
watt of electrical energy that can be

82 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

developed on the Blackwater, two river can be conserved for use dur-
kilowatts will be developed in the ing dry periods of the year, it will
plants already existing on the Mer- assist already existing textile mills
rimack. r.t Penacook and Manchester, public
"The importance, therefore, of utilities at Sewall's Falls, Garvin's
making the river do all the work Falls and Hooksett, as well as the
of which it is capable cannot be textile mills at Lowell and Law-
overestimated. If the Blackwater rence."

GRIEVE NO MORE

By Miriam Vedder

Grieve no more that love should fly
Swiftly at it came to bless,

Hearts enough love passes by —

Here it paused with gentleness.

Does the rose tree's scarlet head
Move less sweetly to the air

That a butterfly, now sped,

Rested for a moment there?

LONELINESS

By Dorothy E. Collins

I am not much afraid to be alone

Though darkness settle with the winter rain.
I poke my merry little fire again

And laugh to hear the cracked old stairway groan.

But there's a horror in the sense of eyes

At gaze upon one through the window-glass.
And I abhor the terrible winds that pass.

Wailing their sorrow to the empty skies.

Although I love what makes this house a home — -
Warm rugs, deep chairs, low windows, heavy books,

And Fve no wish for travel, but to roam
The valley and the hill on which it looks.

How warm my heart and still my hands would be

Were you beside my little fire with me.

PETER LIVIUS, TROUBLE MAKER

Newlv Found Facts About Governor Wentworth's Old Enemy

By Lawrence Shaw Mayo

HE is an artful, sensible, in-
dustrious, dangerous man.
and T most certainly would
have bought him had I not too
unwisely relied on my integrity for
defense and support." This was
Governor John Wentworth's opinion
of Peter Livius, his one-time enemy,
almost twenty years after Livius's
attempt to oust him from the gover-
norship of New Hampshire. Went-
worth was writing to Jeremy Bel-
knap, the historian, and it is reason-
able to suppose that the many adjec-
tives he used to describe the man's
character were carefuly chosen. If
Belknap had not thought it necessary
to tell the story of that pre-revolu-
tionary controversy, the name of
Peter Livius would have passed into
oblivion as it deserved to do. But
since the historian has preserved his
unpleasant memory, it may be worth
while to collect and recite the few
known facts of his career.

In those delightful volumes of
Portsmouth tradition familiarly known
as "Brewster's Rambles," the date
and place of Peter Livius's birth
were set down about seventy-five
years ago ; and whatever biographical
dictionaries mention Livius at all
seem to have taken over this data
without question. Presumably Brew-
ster possessed evidence that Peter
Livius was born in 1727 at Bedford,
England; but conclusive proof of a
dififerent time and place has recently
come to light. Among the "Lang-
don Manuscripts." preserved in the
library of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania, are some family notes
written in the well- formed hand of
Peter Lewis Levius, the father of
Peter Livius, the Trouble-Maker.
From this reliable contemporary ac-

count we learn that Peter Livius was
born July 12. 1739, at Lisbon, Portu-
gal. His father was a German, nay
more — he was a Prussian from Ham-
l)urg. And as he tells us that his
ancestors lived in or near Hamburg,
one is inclined to doubt Brewster's
statement that he was "of a Saxon
family of distinction." However
that may have been, young Peter's
mother was neither Prussian nor
Saxon, but either English or Irish.
Susanna I lumphry she was, and her
birthplace was Waterford in the
south of Ireland. The elder Levius
( for so he spelled his name) tells us
that he was born in flamburg — or,
r.s he writes it. "Hambro" — August
18. 1688, and that he took up his
abode in Lisbon, November 9. 1709.
He is reticent as to the cause of his
migration, but there are records in-
dicating that he became a merchant
there. And though he does not state
how or where he became acquainted
with Miss Humphry, he seems to
have been in no doul)t regarding the
date of their marriage, June 15, 1728.
Young Peter was the sixth child
of this couple. Like most eighteenth
century children he had smallpox
at a very early age. Happily for
himself and for his family he sur-
vived. Then, when he was hardly
old enough to be out of the nursery,
his mother took him to England and
"put him to school at Mr. Sheron-
del's at Chelsea." The father gives
us the date for this, too — February
10, 1745. Peter was not yet six
years old. A])parently he withstood
homesickness as well as he had pass-
ed through smallpox, for a year later
his father records that he is still at
Chelsea and in good health. The
next we hear of him is in April

84 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

1754, when he returned to Lisbon, his wife's prospects. S(he was one
At fourteen, therefore, Peter Livius of the daughters of Colonel John
seems to have terminated his school- Tufton Mason, the gentleman who
ing. Yet according to Adams's An- had sold his ancient and dubious
nab of Portsmouth he became a man claim to much New Hampshire terri-
of "liberal education ;" and it is rea- tory for a substantial sum in the
sonable to suppose that the honorary 1740's.

degree of Master of Arts which Having obtained from the town of
Harvard College conferred upon Portsmouth the exclusive right to do
him in 1767 was based upon some- so. Mr. Livius dammed up the water
thing more substantial than his ap- course in Islington Creek and erect-
parent wealth. At all events, in the ed at least two grist-mills on it. In
autumn of 1754 he entered upon his exchange for this privilege, he built
ai)i)renticeshii) with Messrs. Dea and a toll-free drawbridge across the
Company in Lisbon. His term was creek and agreed to maintain it at his
to be five years, but it suffered a own expense. All this was very
rude interruption. ( )n November 1, well, but some other activities of Mr.

1755. occurred the Lisbon earth- Livius were not so commendable,
quake. The offices of Messrs. Dea There was. for instance, his peculiar
and Company were destroyed by fire altercation with Mr. Thomas Martin
in that catastrophe, and it was five in regard to the ownership of a negro
nionths before they resumed busi- boy named Duke. In the spring of
ness — Peter Livius with them — "at 1764 Mr. Martin was aliout to de-
Alcantara. Tiear Lisbon." Here, on part for England, taking with him,
April 4, 1756, the elder Livius's for one reason or another, £40 or £50
record of his son Peter's progress which belonged to his ward, an or-
ends. '^ i phan relative who was also related

Seven years later, in the summer to Mrs. Livius. P)eing a conscien-

of 1763, Peter Livius turns up in tious guardian, he took care to insure

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, hav- his ward against loss, if an accident

ing married in the meantime Miss should hapi)en to himself, by mak-

Anna Tufton Mason. According to ing a conditional bill of sale of his

local tradition young Mr. Livius cut negro boy to Mr. Livius. If Mr.

quite a figure in the provincial capi- Martin were prevented from return-

tal. He rode in a coach, resided in ing to New Hampshire, the bill of

a painted house, owned a country- sale was to become effective and the

seat on the shores of Lake Winni- orphan reimbursed. Having made

pesaukee,* and otherwise gave the this arrangement, he sailed for Lon-

impression of affluence. Although don, with a clear conscience and

he was still a young man, being less plenty of ready monev.

than twenty-five years old when he Upon his return from England he

came to New Hampshire, he may naturally asked Livius to give back

have possessed a good deal of prop- the bill of sale, as he had promised

erty. Yet he does not appear to do in the receipt he had given at

among the jirincipal tax-payers of the time of the transaction. In fact,

Portsmouth in 1770. And from the according to Mr. Martin's deposi-

fact that his finances were reported tion. he "often asked him for it, but

to be "in a disordered state" in 1771, always had for answer that he had

it is not unlikely that his earlier ap- mislaid and could not find it." The

parent opulence consisted largely of years went by. Then one day a law-

*For accounts of Livius's Tuftonl)oro residence, see Granite MontJily, V. 194,
and X. 218.

PETER LIVIUS, TROUBLE MAKER

ver's clerk appeared and informed
Mr. Martin that Mr. Livius had pre-
sented the l)ill of sale and had asked
for a writ to demand the surrender
of the negro hoy. Before issuing the
writ, the clerk's chief had thought he
would ascertain whether Mr. Mar-
tin "had any ohjection to his doing
it." Not unnaturally Martin flared
up. "I returned for answer," his
dejjosition tells us, "that I had none;
that if Mr. Livius chose to do a
thing that would make him more in-
famous (or to that purpose) than he
at ])resent was, 1 had no ohjection."
Although he spoke in heat, Mr. Mar-
tin meant just what he said ; for at
the time of the original transaction
he had taken care to take a receipt
for the hill of sale from Livius, and
in that receipt, which happily he still
retained, was an explicit statement
of the terms of the deal. When the
lawyer learned this, he advised Mr.
Livius accordingly and "dissuaded
him from his designs." This episode
did not lead to Mr. Martin's recov-
ery of the menacing hill of sale, hut
heing a true Yankee he found an-
other method of spiking his adver-
sary's guns. To use his own words,
he "recorded the Receipt in a Notary
Puhlick's office to hinder any evil
Consequence that might happen by
my Loseing the receipt and Expose
me to the Mercy of said Livius's
honour."

Not so husinesslike nor so for-
tunate was another Portsmouth gen-
tleman. This was Samuel MofTatt,
who was the husband of Mrs. Liv-
ius's sister. Like almost every one
else in town Mofi^att was at first daz-
zled by the free-spending newcomer
who had married Anna Mason. Li
fact it was indirectly through Mof-
fatt, and directly through a friend
of Moffatt's in Bristol, England, that
Peter Livius procured his appoint-
men to the Council that surrounded
Governor Benning Wentworth. But
that is another story. Well would it

have been for Samuel Mofl^att if his
dealings with Mr. Livius had ended
there. However, it was not to be so.
Soon after Livius's appointment to
the Council, IMoffatt and George
Meserve admitted him as a third
jjartner "in the Brig Triton, which
Vessel was fitted out at Boston with
a Cargo for the Coast of Guinea &
Cost Three thousand four hundred
(K: fifty pounds Sterling, and was
carried on in the name of Meserve
X: Moffatt onlv." Livius's third cost
him £1150. He paid Moffatt £600
at one time and took his receipt for
it. At different times he paid in the
balance — £550 — and then took a re-
ceipt for the whole amount — £n50 —
but kept the receipt for the £600 "as
he hadn't it about him at the time
of taking the last Receipt." Moffatt
let the matter go.

The Triton sailed for the coast of
Africa, laden ])resumably with rum,
for that was the best medium of
trade in that part of the world.
There she exchanged her freight for
a cargo of negroes, and headed for
Jamaica, where her master expected
to make a handsome profit by selling
the negroes to the sugar planters of
that island. ( )n their passage across
the Atlantic, however, many of the
negroes died ; and the prospective
profit of the partners was turned in-
to a loss. When this unpleasant
news reached Portsmouth, Moffatt
communicated it to Livius, and Liv-
ius appeared to accept his share of
the loss with cheerful resignation.
After all it would hardlv exceed
£200, he said.

But a little later his philosophical
mood gave way to sharpness. There
was nothing in writing to show that
he was a partner in the ill-starred
enterprise. And there were receipts
in his possession that could be made
to indicate that he had merely lent
£1150— or rather £1750— to Samuel
Moffatt. In the course of time,
therefore, Mr. Livius notified his vie-

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

tim that he had his receipt for a
large sum of money, and that unless
an immediate settlement was made he
should be obliged to "pursue sudh
measures as would secure himself."
Moffatt was alarmed, and rightly so.
Through a third party he replied
that if Livius would return the £600
receipt and pay what he owed on a
separate account, he would give him
security for the true balance. This
Livius declined to do. Instead he
took out a writ against Mofifatt for
£200, apparently on the ground that
this amount represented the interest
due on £1750 for which he showed
receipts. "Mofifatt, getting intelli-
gence thereof, confined himself to his
House ; and rather than be held to
Bail for so large a sum became
Bankrupt." Thereupon Livius, whose
scheme would have been largely de-
feated if the man had actually gone
into bankruptcy, withdrew his writ.
In place of it, he sued him in three
different actions. As a net result
of these legal proceedings, it is a
I-)leasure to relate, Mr. Livius won
nothing, whereas Mr. Moffatt came
away with the troublesome receipt
for £600, and "recovered his Costs."
Soon after he came to Portsmouth
Livius had boasted to John Parker
that if he were a member of the
Council he "would oppose the Con-
duct of the governor and Council in
general." Benning Wentworth was
then governor, and perhaps there
was some justification for Livius's/
sentiments. Vet, whatever his griev-
ance may have l)een, he does not seem
to have fulfilled his promise after
taking his place on "the Board" in
May, 1765. Instead he vented his
disjileasure on Cxeorge Meserve.
Meserve, a native Portsmouthian, had
the misfortune to be appointed stamp
distributor for New Hampshire
under the notorious Stamp Act. He
was in England at the time of his
appointment, but returned to America
late in the summer of 1765. Learn-

ing of the extreme unpopularity of
the Stamp Act before he landed, he
resigned his office forthwith ; and
upon his arrival at Portsmouth he
made a second resignation in public
before going to his own house. This
was as it should have been, no doubt,
and Mr. Meserve would have kept
out of trouble if, when his commis-
sion arrived some time later, he had
refrained from mentioning its receipt.
Unfortunately for himself, he felt
constrained to show it to the gover-
nor and to some other public officers.
Then came trouble. The Sons of
Liberty assembled, took possession of
the ofif ending commission, and obliged
Meserve to take oath "that he would
neither directly nor indirectly attempt
to execute his office."

Although Mr. Livius was a mem-
ber of the Council and held his office
directly from the Crown, he did not
hesitate to identify himself with the
popular side in these episodes. The
governor and the other councillors
were content with a discreet neutral-
ity ; but not so Peter Livius. There
is a deposition showing "that so long
as George IVIeserve, Esq., the Stamp
Master, disclaimed acting in his of-
fice, so long said Levius was his fast
Friend and did all in his power to
i:)rotect him. But as soon as said
Meserve received his Commission &
showed it to the Governor, 'Secre-
tary. cK; other officers to indemnify
himself, said Levius Joined the pop-
ular Clamor against him & became
his Inveterate Enemy — That when
said Meserve petitioned the General
Assembly for Redress of his Losses,
said Levius was chosen Chairman of
a Committee to hear him ; and, as
said Meserve frequently told the De-
ponent in the time of it, he not only
as such treated Him in an haughty,
imperious manner within doors, but
publickly in the Street & insulted
him, and finally challenged him."

Livius's threat that he would run
counter to the governor and the rest

PETER LIVIUS, TROUBLE MAKER

of the Council was not carried out
while Benning Wentworth was in
power. But after that gentleman
had heen superseded in office by his
nephew John Wentworth, Mr. Livius
decided that the time was ripe for
insurgency. The first open break
came in June. 1768. when the As-
sembly jiassed and sent up to the
Council a bill asking the governor to
render an account of that part of the
provincial revenue known as "pow-
der money" — how much had been re-
ceived and how it had been expend-
ed. The Council nonconcurred. and
the bill was killed. Alone among
the councillors. Peter Livius took the
part of the Assembly. Moreover he
insisted that the grounds for his dis-
sent be entered upon the Journal.
No conclusive action was taken up-
on the latter point, but the privilege
was denied him for the time being.
Besides being a member of the
Council Mr. Livius was a judge, ap-
pointed presumably by Governor
Benning Wentworth. At any rate
he was a justice of the Court of
Common Pleas for a number of
years, his administration in this field
coming to an abrupt end in 1771. In
that year the province was divided
into counties, and it became neces-
sary to issue new commissions to the
judges. Governor John Wentwort^h
found this an oj)portune moment for
aj)i)()inting another in the place of
Mr. Livius. who had performed his
judicial duties with notorious par-'
tiality. On at least one occasion it
l)ecame known that Livius had given
legal advice to the defendant in a
case which was to come before him
for judgment. The plaintifif pro-
tested. Livius replied that at the
time he had given his advice he was
not aware that he was to sit upon
the case. Naturally this did not sat-
isfy the plaintifif, who rejoined, " 'As
the Matter now Comes on, and you
have already given the party fyour
Opinion against me, I should think

it out of all Character or Dishonour-
able for you to set' (or words to that
jnirpose). Whereupon the said Liv-
ius gave his Word and Honour that
he would not Set ; but after the Tryal
came on. he insisted upon Sitting &
acting as Judge in the Cause." As
things turned out. however, the case
was put ofif to another day, when it
so happened that Mr. Livius did not
sit. But for this happy outcome
Livius does not seem to have been
responsible.

John Sullivan, who later became
General Sullivan, did not hesitate to
express his opinion of Peter Livius
as a dispenser of justice. Sullivan
was a prominent lawyer of Durham,
and it may be that his views were
colored, or shaded, by memories of
a day in July. 1766. when Livius.
representing the Council, brought to
the Assembly a petition signed by a
number of persons from Durham
and other towns "against Mr. John
Sullivan for evil practices in him as
an Attorney at Law." However
that may have been, at a later date
Sullivan, under oath, spoke his mind
as follows : "I have, for some years
before he was set aside from Act-
ing as a Justice. Observed his opin-
ion ever to be in favour of his inti-
mate friends, and where he had no
friends immediately interested in the
Dispute I have observed his opinion
to be in favour of a favorite Law-
yer, without attending to the Merits
of the Cause; which observation I
have not only made myself but have
it Generally from Gentlemen of the
fairest Character."

Having been set aside by Gover-
nor John Wentworth, Livius deter-
mined that he would bring about the
governor's downfall. As the story
of his attempt to do so is told in Bel-
knap's History and elsewhere, the
reader need not be bored with its
repetition here. The controversy be-
gan in March, 1771. was carried to
England a year later, and was ulti-

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

mately settled in favor of Governor
Wentworth in August, 1773. The
writer has discovered no document
proving that Livius's intention was
to gain the governorship of New
Hampshire for himself ; hut is it like-
ly that merely his penchant for mak-
ing trouhle for others induced him
to go to England and to give the
prosecution of the case his personal
attention ? There are strong indi-
cations, though no absolute proof,
that he fully intended to supplant
John \\'entworth in the governor's
chair. The amazing thing about the
controversy is that he all but suc-
ceeded. Almost as astonishing, un-
less one is conversant with the men-
tality of Lord Dartmouth, was the
decision of the Colonial Secretary to
send Mr. Livius back to New Hamp-
shire to be chief justice of the pro-
vince, after Wentworth had been
vindicated by the Privy Council.
Dartmouth actually signed the war-
rant directing .Governdr Wentworth
to make the appointment ; "l)ut this,"
wrote Wentworth in after years,
"upon more mature consideration
was thought likely to produce trouble,
and he [Livius] had a more lucra-
tive office in Canada."

Livius seems never to have return-
ed to New Hampshire, although his
wife and children still resided there.
Instead he read law at the Middle
Temple, and was admitted to the
English bar in 1775. He had a
good head for the law. Even his
enemies in New Hampshire admitted
that his decisions as a judge were
excellent, — when none of his friends
was directly or indirectly concerned
in the cases brought before him. He
must have given the impression of
unusual intelligence in other branches
of learning, too, for he was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society in April,
1773. Not long after this he receiv-
ed the honorary degree of Doctor of
Civil Law from Oxford University.
John Wentworth had been awarded

the same distinction in 1766. It
seems to have signified little except
the good graces of the academic
powers.

Mr. Livius very much wished to
be elevated to the head of the provin-
cial judiciary and to be despatched
to New Hampshire in 1774. But
Lord Dartmouth kept him waiting
many months. Then came word
that he was to go to Quebec as a
judge of the Court of Common
Pleas. Thither he sailed in the sum-
mer of 1775. arriving safely "after
a tedious, difficult, and dangerous
voyage of one hundred and twenty-
six days." He found the province
in great confusion. An army of
American reljels was threatening
Montreal, and it was not at all cer-
tain that the Canadians would not
join them in opposition to the rule of
the mother country. In November
Montreal surrendered. In Decem-
l)er the invaders under Montgomery
and Arnold appeared before Quebec
and laid siege to it. Then came the
desi)erate assault and the defeat of
the Americans. "During the siege
of Quebec by Mr. Arnold." wrote
Wentworth to Belknaj:), "part of his
house, being properly situated, was
used as a guard-house. On the at-
tack, his servant was in action ; and
when over, Mr. L. himself appear-
ed. He also sometimes T)efore the
assault walk[ed| up to the walls.
Upon the repulse of the Americans,
he wrote home a pompous account of
his services. 'His house a guard-
house, he himself often at the wheel-
barrow in repairing the fortifica-
tions, and at all other times with a
brown musquet doing duty with &
encouraging citizens.' These things
were artfully told to the K. just in
the moment of joy for the defeat of
the enemy and safety of {the city,
which was much apprehended ; and
it being suggested that the Chief Jus-
ticeship of Quebec was vacant, it
was immediately given to him. The

PETER LIVIUS, TROUBLE MAKER

fact was. that he was remarkahly shy
on all the active husiness, as I was
t()!cl hy a gentleman i)resent thro' the
whole, and only appeared to save ap-
pearances, which he afterwards so
well improved."

Among the Americans captured
at Quebec was a New Hampshire
captain, Henry Dearborn of Not-
tingham. Mr. Livius befriended him,
and he was given leave to go home
on parole. In return for this cour-
tesy the revolutionary authorities al-
lowed Mrs. Livius and her four
children to leave New Hamjjshire
and join the head of their family at
Quebec. In July, 1776, they board-
ed the schooner Polly and departed
from Portsmouth in peace.

Almost a year later Livius inter-
ested himself in the welfare of an-
other American soldier, but this time
he took care not to be so open in his
altruism. The ol)ject of his solici-
tude was General John Sullivan of the
American Army. To him he wrote
a long letter, dated June 2, 1777.
From the revolutionists' i)oint of
view this was not the most encourag-
ing period of the war. Howe was
in possession of New York City, and
Burgoyne was descending from Can-
ada. The I)earer of the letter seems
to have been an authorized envoy
sent to General Sullivan on other
business. What became of him we
do not know, but on June 16th Liv-
ius's letter was removed from the
false bottom of a canteen and was
read l)y General Schuyler at Fort
Edward. The letter is much too
long to quote in its entirety,* yet
parts of it surely must find a place
in any paper on Peter Livius.

After dwelling upon the hopeless-
ness of the American cause, "the fu-
tility of all hopes of effecutual for-
eign assistance," and the certainty
of Sullivan's personal ruin, the
writer of the letter proposed a meth-
od whereby he could save his "family

*It is printed in full in Farmer and

and estate from this imminent des-
truction." "It is, in plain English,
to tread back the steps you have al-
ready taken, and do some real, es-
sential service to your king and
country." Nor did Mr. Livius hesi-
tate to suggest what immediate form
this "essential service" might as-
sume. "In the meanwhile," he
wrote, "endeavor to give me all the
n'iaterial intelligence you can collect
(and you can get the best), or if you
find it more convenient you can con-
\ey it to General Burgoyne, and by
your using my name he will know
whom it comes from without your
mentioning your own name." For
Sullivan to explain away his recan-
tation would be an easy matter.
"That you embarked in the cause of
rebellion is true ; perhaps you mis-
took the pojuilar delusion for the
cause of your country (as many
others did who have returned to their
duty ) and you engaged in it warmly ;
but when you found your error, you
earnestly returned, you saved the
province you had engaged for from
devastation and ruin, and you ren-
dered most essential services to your
king and country : for which I en-
gage my word to you. you will re-
ceive pardon, vou will secure your
estate, and you will be further amply
rewarded."

At this point Peter Livius drops
out (if New Ham])shire history. But
the glimpses we get of him in Que-
bec show him to have been consis-
tent throughout his career. He was
appointed chief justice of the pro-
vince in 1776, and his ai)pointment
carried with it meml)ership in the
Council. One of the first cjuestions
that came before the Council was
that of issuing an ordinance that
would establish a reasonable and uni-
form schedule of fees. The salaries
of most of the Canadian office-hold-
ers had recently been bountifully in-
creased, and to General Carleton,

Moore's Historical Collections, 11, 204-207.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

the governor, it seemed only right
that the people should benefit there-
by. The salary of the chief justice
was £1200 plus £100 as a member of
the Council and £200 as judge of the
vice-admiralty court, making a total
of £1500. It seems as if this amount
supplemented by a low schedule of
fees, ought to have been sufficient
income for even a chief justice living
in Quebec in the last quarter of the
eighteenth century. But Mr. Livius
thought otherwise. A letter from
the governor tells the story.

"I have had the pleasure to per-
ceive that there are some who require
no law l)ut their own integrity to
keep them within the limits of jus-
tice and moderation; unfortunately
it is far otherwise with many, and
in this province there is now no rule
of regulation of fees of office, but
each man for himself is guided by
his own desire for gain, — which of
late has broke out with greater
keenness than Heretofore.

"Many of the gentlemen of the
Council saw the necessity of an Or-
dinance, which, at the same time that
it authorized what was reasonable,
awarded proper punishments to de-
ter those whose avarice might induce
them to disregard or elude it. This
business, so reasonable and neces-
sary, was continually intercepted by
motions and speeches quite new in
this i^rovince, and more suited to a
popular assembly of the Massachu-
setts than to the King's Council for
Canada.

"Mr. Livius, Chief Justice, took
the lead, greedy of power, and more
greedy of gain, imperious and im-
petuous in his temper, but learned
in ways of eloquence of the New
England provinces, valuing himself
in his knowledge how to manage
governors, — well-schooled, it seems,
in business of this sort."

Livius's opposition to the governor
was not confined to this one instance.
Carleton was a military man and he

ruled Canada accordingly. In the
early years of the Revolution the
province of Quebec was permeated
with insurgency, which, after the
surrender of Burgoyne, became once
more a real danger to the British
government. In order to make his
administration as efficient as he
could, the governor-general had ap-
pointed an executive committee of
the Council, which virtually took the
place of the larger board. With the
help of this committee — a sort of
privy council — Carleton carried the
I^rovince safely through a critical
period. But Livius was not includ-
ed in its membership. In April,
1778, the chief justice attacked the
legality of the executive committee,
and demanded immediate remedy,
Carleton's patience was exhausted.
On May 8, 1778, he dismissed Liv-
ius from the head of the judiciary,
and hence from the Council. Inevi-
tably another Livius controversy ap-
l)eared in Downing Street. Carle-
ton, in disgust, declined to defend
his course before the Privy Coun-
cil. Livius presented his side of the
case, was sustained, and the office
of chief justice was restored to him
with extended powers.

But Peter Livius did not return to
Canada. On one pretext or another
he remained in England, enjoying
the salary of his office while its
duties were performed by others.
This agreeable arrangement, due
largely to the indulgence of Lord
Cjeorge Germain, continued until
1786, a period of eight years. Then
not only was Livius superseded, but
(ieneral Carleton, who had been out
of civil office since 1778, returned to
Canada as governor of Quebec and
with the title of Lord Dorchester.
Nine years later the Gentleman's
Magazine, under date of July 23,
1795, recorded among other recent
deaths — "On his way to Brighthelm-
stone, Peter Livius, Esq., late Chief
Justice of Canada."

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

The Heart of Monadnock

By Elizabeth Weston Tim low
Boston, B. J. Brimmer Company

TUE only justifial)le way to re-
view this book is to take a cue
from the jeweller's art and
string pearls — quotations — but, para-
doxically, it can't be done in the space
which even the most generous editor
would allot to a review. Besides, one
can't "review" a prose i)oem like,
*'The Heart of Monadnock."

In the spring of 1918 a certain
"dollar a year" man in Washington,
dropped out, and was no more seen
for months. IJeing on the inside, he
l-:new how little really had been done.
He knew that after a year at war the
United States had but three hundred
thousand troops of all branches in
France ; he knew that Germany was
rbout to launch that great thrust
towards Amiens. He pleaded and
preached in vain, and then, instead
of going mad. he slipiied away to the
Adirondacks. The mountains saved
him from dying, like "Bobs." of a
broken heart. That man's over-
wrought condition is still with us to-
dav. Thousands of generous souls
and knightly minds are daily agoniz-
ing over conditions which they can-
not alter, cannot alleviate, and which
only time can better.

For these, "The Heart of Monad-
nock" was written. You don't need
to go to Monadnock alone of moun-
tains to correct your mental or
moral astigmatism ; any good moun-
tain will do. But you should take
along "The Heart of Monadnock" in
one pocket, to balance Selden's "Table
Talk" or Bacon's Essays or a copy
of Emerson or an Atlantic Monthly
with one of William Beebe's articles
in the other.

Speaking of Beebe reminds one
that the author has, like him and like

John Burroughs, an equal interest in
every living thing. Of the two
eagles which have made their home
for years on Dublin Ridge, driving
their young each year to nest in some
less- favored spot, she hapj^ily voices
the thought of their "swimming in
the sa])j)hire ocean of space."

Never have I read a finer or grand-
er description of a thunder-storm
than that contained in the seven pages
beginning on page 71 ; none of the
morbid horror and stage bogeyisms
of a Poe. unhappy when not in a
perpetual state of goose-flesh. Rather
the healthy thrill and urge that come
over so many of us at the l:)reaking
out of heaven's warfare. Read her
storm tale to the accompaniment of
the storm-music in "William Tell."
and your eye will flash, your nerves
tingle, and the old berserker that yet
dwells in us all will long for a part
in the cond)at, to be borne otT at
last to A'alhalla by the watchful
\'alkyrie.

The inside covers of the small
volume have plans drawn to scale,
of everv path, pinnacle, and view-
point on and about Monadnock and
his five giant sons — those great
shoulder-buttresses that are the steps
of "The Wise Old Giant's" throne.
These paths and views are dwelt up-
on and amplified in the text, and
that makes the book a guide to bet-
ter acquaintance.

People who are mucking about in
the mire of 'realistic' novels will be
glad to know about "The Heart of
IVTonadnock :" it is one book they
won't have to buy to keep up with
Greenwich Village.

Erwin F. Keene.

JUDGES FOR THE BROOKES MORE
POETRY CONTEST

THE interest shown by our
readers and our contributors
in the Brookes More Poetry
contest which ended with the De-
cember, 1922, issue has been very
gratifying. It is not going to be an
easy matter for the judges to pick out
the winning poem. We are fortunate,
however, in having secured as judges
three persons who know poetry both
from a practical and from a critical
standpoint: all three write poetry;
two of them are teachers of litera-
ture, and the third is an editor on a
magazine whose reputation for ex-
cellent verse as well as prose is un-
eriualled. These three judges are:

Miss Florence Converse, one of the

editors of the Atlantic Monthly,

Mr. Carl Holliday, professor of

English at the University of

Toledo,

Mr. Frank Prentice Rand, professor
of Englisli at Amherst College.

Miss Converse is known as the
author of several books, mainly on
devotional and social subjects. Her
last volume is a book of miracle
pla}1s, "Garments of Praise."' Mr.
Holliday numbers among his books
a volume on "Woman's Life in Co-
lonial Days" which, thougli pub-
lished a number of vears ago, still
has a steady popularity. Mr. Rand's
friends who enjoyed his volume of
poems entitled "Garlingtown" will
be glad to know that a new book
of verse, "W'eathervanes," is an-
nounced for early publication by the
Cornhill Publishing Company.

These judges are now at work
and we hope next month to be able
to announce the winner and print
again the winning poem.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

The political ambitions and strug-
gles of other days were not so far
different from those which fill our
newspapers today. Peter Livius the
Trouble Maker has his modern in-
carnations. Therefore, his story,
written by LAWRENCE SHAW
MAYO, who is well known to New
Hampshire readers as the author
of the biographies of Jefifrey Am-
herst and John Wentworth, is of
interest to those whose study is hu-
man nature as well as to historians.
Mr. Mayo tells us that he came up-
on the material about Peter Livius
while he was working on the
Wentworth biography.

When GEORGE B. LEIGH-
TON presented to the Legislature
in 1919 the report of the commis-
sion appointed in 1917 to study

New Hampshire's undeveloped water
powers, much interest was created
throughout the state. This interest,
however, was not as productive of
action as it should have been. In
the article which Mr. Leighton has
written for the Granite Monthly
this month, he sets forth again the
plea that New Hampshire shall rea-
lize the potential power of her
streams and conserve it and use it
to run her mills.

HENRY B. STEVENS ,is Ex-
ecutive Secretary of the Co*-opera-
tive Extension Work at New Hamp-
shire College. To use his own fig-
tu'e, he is one of the superintend-
ents in the Education Plant and the
article which he has written is a
personally conducted tour through
the factory.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

Genlral Frank Streefer

GENERAL FRANK STREETER

Enlightened and successful leadership
in many lines of public and private en-
deavor characterized "the life of General
Frank Sherwin Streeter, who died at
his home in Concord, December 11,
1922. Admitted to the New Hampshire
bar in 1877, after a period of study with
the late Chief Justice Alonzo P. Car-
penter, he soon gained, and retained to
the end, a leading place among the best
known trial lawyers in the East. To
enumerate even the more important
cases with which he was connected as
leading counsel would require much
space. Hi.s last work as a lawyer was

the investigation, for the Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States, of the affairs
of the Atlantic Shipbuilding Corpora-
tion at Portsmouth; and, as a sequel,
with characteristic public spirit, he gave
valuable service, gratuitously, to the
state of New Hampshire in relation to
the industrial situation at our seaport
city.

Other good work for the national
government was done by General
Streeter as a member for several years
of the International Joint Boundary
Commission.

Never an office-seeker, Mr. Streeter
was a staunch Republican in politics, a
diligent worker for the success of his

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

party and influential in its councils.
Among the honors which it bestowed
upon him were those of president of the
Republican state convention and dele-
gate to the Republican national con-
vention, 1896; and member of the Re-
publican national committee, 1907-8.
He was a member of the Legislature of
1885; served as judge advocate general
on the stafif of Governor Charles A.
Busicl; and was president of the consti-
tutional convention of 1902.

During the World War General
Streeter, as president of the New Hamp-
shire Defense League and member of
the executive committee of the official
New Hampshire Committee on Public
Safety, gave without stint of his tinie,
money, ability and energy to the service
of his country.

Other indications of Mr. Streeter's
public spirit and of its appreciation by
his fellows are found in his presidency
of the New Hampshire Historical So-
ciety, of the State Bar Association, and,
for 20 years, of the Wonolancet Club,
Concord's leading social organization.

But, after all. General Streeter's name
and fame will endure longest — and this
will meet his own desire — in connection
with education. Of Dartmouth College,
from which he graduated in 1874, and
which bestowed upon him the degree
of Doctor of Laws in 1913, he was for
30 years a trustee. During this period,
which witnessed the renaissance and
wonderful growth of the college, he
was the "right hand man" of President
William J. Tucker and President Ernest
M. Hopkins to an extent which Doctor
Hopkins gratefully acknowledged in his
address of eulogy at General Streeter's
funeral.

As chairman of the sub-committee on
Americanization of the Committee of
Public Safety, Mr. Streeter gained an
insight into the workings of the public
school system, which aroused his in-
terest in its opportunities and needs.
A little later, as president of the new
State Board of Education under Gov-
ernor John H. Bartlett, he realized those
opportunities and filled those needs to
an extent which placed New Hamp-
shire in the front rank of forward-look-
ing and forward-moving states on edu-
cational lines.

Frank S. Streeter was born in East
Charleston, Vermont, August 5, 1853,

the son of Daniel and Julia (Wheeler)
Streeter. He married Nov. 14, 1877,
Lilian, daughter of Chief Justice Alonzo
P. and Julia R. (Goodall) Carpenter.
She survives him, with their children,
Julia (Mrs. Henry Gardner) and
Thomas W., and his sister, Miss May
Streeter.

EMMA G. BURGUM

On January 9, 1923, Emma G. Bur-
gum, stricken with pneumonia, died in
Concord at the age of 97. Mrs. Bur-
gum who was the oldest resident in
Concord was the adopted daughter of
Countess Rumford. Born in Loudon,
April 20, 1826. she came to Concord as
a young girl, and lived there until her
death. She was an active worker in
the North Congregational Church and
was the oldest member of The Women's
Benevolent Charitable Society of the
church.

Mrs. Burgum is survived by two
daughters, Mrs. Sarah R. Noyes, Mrs.
E. H. Lane, and three sons, John P.,
Charles H., and Edward Burgum.

ELISHA RHODES BROWN

On December 25, 1922 Elisha Rhodes
Brown, President of the Stratford Na-
tional and Savings Bank, died in Dover
after an illness of several months, at the
age of 75. Mr. Brown was a member
of a notable Rhode Island family of that
name which furnished governors of the
state and founded Brown University.
Mr. Brown entered the Stratford Na-
tional Bank as a clerk more than 50
years ago and was successively promot-
ed to cashier, vice-president and presi-
dent. At the time of his death he was
the president of the Concord and Ports-
mouth Railroad and director of the
Maine Central. He had also served as
director of the Boston and Maine and
Concord and Montreal.

A member of the First Parish Con-
gregational Church, he long held the
office of senior deacon. He was an Odd
Fellow, 32nd degree Mason, and was
affiliated with the Moses Paul lodge.

He is survived by three sons, Harold
W., Raymond S., and Philip C. Brown,
all of Dover.

Vol. 55. No. 3

THE

March, 1923

G RAN ITE

MONTR^

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
MARCH 1923

The Month in New Hampshire 97

The Carnival Season in New Hampshire 101

Prominent Legislators 109

An Anthology of One Poem Poets Arthur Johnson 114

The College and Potatoes H. B. Stevens 116

Twentieth Century Manchester Vivian Savacool 123

The Brookes More Prize Winner 128

Making Teachers at Keene 129

When Claremont Was Called Ashley George B. Uphani 134

The Editor Stops to Talk 137

Books of New Hampshire Interest : Steel 139

New Hampshire Necrology 141

NEXT MONTH

The Magazine Will Contain

Leading Dairy Herds in Xew Hampshire H. S. Bridges

The first of a series of articles showing the progress of an important indnstry

The Work of the Home Demonstration Department

at New Hampshire College Daisy iniliamson

The Industrial Development of Manchester Vivian Savacool

A second article on Manchester's growth and development

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, till out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY,
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

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THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

Vol. 5S

No. 3

MARCH 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Defeat of the 48 Hour Law

ON February 14th the much talk-
ed about 48-hour week measure
for women and cliildren passed
the House by a vote of 288 to 163.
Twenty-eight Repubhcans joined the
Democrats in support of this bill,
while eighteen Democrats took sides
with the Republicans in voting "No."
The bill then came before the Senate.
Many were the queries ; many the
prophesies as to what this body would
do. But when on February 28th the
bill was defeated by a vote t)f ten to
twelve no one was at all surprised.
It was expected from the beginning,
and it is exactly wdiat nK)St people
foresaw when the Democratic House
majority refused to co-operate with
the Republican Senate by accepting
the fact-finding commission plan in-
troduced by Mr. Bass.

And so ends the most controversal
issue, the most bitter fight of this
legislature. Many will sigh with re-
lief that this bill has been disposed of
for a time at least. But two years
from now comes another election at
which will be cho.sen n(_)t only a legis-
lature but also a President and a
United States Senator- Already the
Democrats who believe they won this
election on the 48-hour question are
enthusiastically preparing to make
this law the political issue of the 1924
campaign. That it will be for the

next few years the principal political
issue and that Republicans must be
pre])ared and ready to meet it is un-
avoidable and certain.

The Amendment to the

Constitution

T70R the first time since the conven-
A ing of the legislature the 48-hour
issue has a rival in interest and public
attenti(m. The proposed amendment
to the constitution, which will give the
legislature power to reorganize the
state tax system, now holds the center
(if the stage in Concord.

On January 31st the House with the
large majority of three hundred and
nine to forty-two voted to call the
Constitutional Convention. A few
days later the Senate passed the reso-
lution, and on February 17th the
Constitutional Convention met and in
a few hours' time voted to submit
this measure to the peoi)le on town-
meeting day, March 13th.

It is a curious fact that, with a
Democratic House, a Republican
Senate, the Governor, the Constitu-
tional Convention, and such an or-
ganization as the New Hampshire
h^arm Bureau all ardently supporting
this amendment, the majority of the
press throughout the state, led by the
Manchester Union, is violently and
actively opposing it.

That there should be a re-organiza-

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

tion and a reform of taxation in New
JIampshire everyone agrees- The tax-
ing power of our constitution was
fixed in 1784, at a time when only
I)hysical and tangible property ex-
isted. Since then, intangible property
has grown to be equal in value to
tangible property. But, on account
of the limitations placed on our leg-
islature, this intangible property,
such as stocks and bonds, cannot be
made to bear its fair share of the tax
burden. The result is that such
property as real estate, livestock, etc.
has to carry, not only its own share
of taxes, but a large proportion of
the taxes which should be carried by
intangible property.

For instance, though it is true that
there is practically an equal amount
of tangible and intangilde property in
this state, yet in 1922 real estate paid
a tax of $11,000,OCO, while bonds and
notes, bank stocks and corporate
stock paid only $100,000.

There is no disagreement as to the
injustice and serious menace to the
prosperity of the property owners,
large and small, that results from this
condition. There is no disagreement
as to the necessity of remedying this
situation. The disagreement arises
from the wording of the amendment.
Its opponents claim that this wording
gives the legislature too much power.
They do not trust the legislature and
fear radical action with the passage
of a general inco'me tax if this amend-
ment is accepted by the people.

This amendment, they declare, to
be "wide open" and that, as the Man-
-'hcstcr Union says, its effect would
be to give the legislature "complete,
unlimited authority to draw U])on the
resources and income of the citizens
of the state whenever, however, in
what amount they see fit." To this
the supporters reply that the propos-
ed amendment in no way gives such
power to the legislature. The fact,
thev arsfue. that imder this amend-

must receive the approval of not only
the legislature but the Senate, the
governor and the Supreme Court fur-
nishes checks and balances enough to
insure the people against any hasty or
radical tax legislation and they point
to the fact that in this opinion they
are upheld by such eminent legal au-
thorities as Judge James Remick and
Judge Charles Corning.

While such papers as the Laconia
Democrat, the Granite State Free News,
the Exeter A'Ctvs, the Milford Cabinet,
and finall}-. the Manchester Union are
all writing editorials denouncing this
amendment, and a])i)ealing to the
people to defeat it. the majority of
the House of Representatives and
many prominent men are with equal
enthusiasm supporting and speaking
in its favor. A group of men, for in-
stance, including Raymond B.
Stevens, Judge Charles Corning,
George M. Putnam, President New
Hamjishire Farm Bureau. Senator
Benjamin H. Orr, Senator Walter
Trip]), Ex-Governor Albert O. Brown,
John R. McLane, Speaker W^illiam
J. Ahern, Judge James W. Remick,
John G. Winant, James O. Lyford,
and Ex-Gov- Robert P. Bass, recent-
ly made a joint statement which re-
ceived wide publicity. "This amend-
ment." they announced, "would set-
tle all questions as to the legality of
a graduated inheritance tax, and
would enable the legi.slature safely
to impose reasonable rates on inher-
itances. Also it would give our leg-
islature power to levy a tax on gaso-
lene, which has already been enacted
in fourteen states and is being con-
sidered by other neighboring states
in New England. The additional
revenue so obtained would make it
possil^le to reduce the unfair burden
laid upon real estate and tangible
property by reducing direct .state
tax. . . .The purpose of the amend-
ment is not to give the legislature
more monev to spend but to enable

ment anv bill before becoming law it to distribute the existing burden

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

more widely and equally

"The proposed amendment should
not be reg'arded as 'wide-open.' In
no sense does it remove all restric-
tions from the Legislature. The
word 'reasonable' is still retained
and the Supreme Court would un-
doubtedly overrule any tax law that
was unjust, arbitrary, or confisca-
tory. Any new tax law would have
to be passed by the House, by the
Senate, signed by the Governor, and
finally upheld by the Supreme Court.
This amendment in no sense enlarges
the power of the Legislature to ap-
propriate money. It has unlimited
power now to appropriate money.
It does, however, give the Legisla-
ture the power to equalize and fairly
to distribute taxes and make all
classes of property bear their fair
share of the public burden.

"Neither is this proposed amend-
ment new^ or revolutionary. It would
merely give to our Legislature the
same power to distribute the burden
of taxation equitably that is exer-
cised by the Legislature of most of
the other states of the Union."

The Manchester Union and
Mr. Lyford

/^NE of the spicy occurrences in
^^ connection with a fight over the
proposed constitutional amendment
has been a lively passage of words
between Mr. Lyford and the Man-
chester Union- It all started with a
news article in the Manchester Union
on Februarv 20th which accused ]\Ir.
Lyford of sending out 130,000 circu-
lars in support of thi.s amendment at
the expense of the citizens of New
Hampshire. This aroused Mr. Ly-
ford's ire, and he informed the legis-
lature that these circulars had been
printed at the request of the legis-
lative department who in turn had
been directed by the Constitutional
Convention "to prepare and furnish to
the Secretarv of State. . . .a statement

of reasons for the submission of this
amendment." Whereupon the House
unanimously and enthusiastically
passed a resolution endorsing Mr.
Lyford's action.

This little controversy has con-
tinued with unabated energy. Finally
Raymond Stevens of Landaff was
drawn in when the Manchester Union
charged him with favoring a general
income tax. In answer to this Mr.
Stevens, speaking before the House,
said, "It is very improbable that any
income tax would ever be imposed in
New Hampshire which would tax
wages and farmers' incomes."

"There are two forms of income
tax," he declared. "One a general
income tax upon all incomes, which
may be either a substitute for a
general property tax or in addition to
it, the second, a limited income tax,
which is supplemental to the property
tax and aims to secure a fair contri-
bution from those classes which are
not reached by the ordinary property
tax. It is this limited form of income
tax which I have advocated. . . .If this
amendment is adopted I hope to see
this legislature pass such a limited
income tax, and also increase the
rates of taxation upon inheritances
and levy a tax upon gasolene. None
of these reforms can be made without
an amendment to the constitution.

"I hope," he continues, "sufficient
additional revenue may be secured so
that the direct state tax may be wholly
or at least mostly abolished. This will
automatically reduce the burden o'f
taxation now laid upon real estate and
tangible property from ten to twelve
]ier cent. . .1 want to state the reasons
why I prefer the general amendment
to the limited amendment. Our sys-
tem of taxation is more unequal and
unjust than that of any other state
in the Union. Practically the whole
burden of taxation is placed upon real
estate and tangible property. With
one exception all the wealth of the
state represented by investments

100

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

escapes taxation, and that class is the
one class least able to bear the burden
of taxation, namely. — savings-bank
deposits."

An Interesting Meeting

ANOTHER very timely meeting was
held by the New Hampshire Civic
Association on February 28th in Con-
cord to discuss the proposed constitu-
tional amendment. Prof. Rice of Dart-
mouth, Hon. Raymond B. Stevens. G.
M. Putnam, President of the New
Hampshire Farm Bureau, were the prin-
cipal speakers. The discussion which
followed was extremely animated. Mr.
Stevens. Henry H. Metcalf of Concord,
John H. Foster, the State Forester, and
Alfred T. Pierce supported the amend-
ment while Ex-Gov. Felker. Walter B.
Farmer, and Clarence E. Carr took the
opposition.

Mr. Georsfe H Duncan considerablv
cleared the atmosphere of legal techni-
calities and learned discussion by de-
claring that it was no use at this time to
discuss whether or not one approved or
did not approve of the wording of this
amendment, that the amendment could
not now be changed, and that the
question I)efore the people was whether
or not they would accept this amend-
ment and relieve the heavy burden of
taxation which falls on tangible proper-
ty or whether they would refuse to pass
it and permit this condition so harmful
and unjust to continue for the next five
or more years. '

Other Bills of Interest

EIGHT years ago Manchester lost 135
babies, for every thousand born, to-
day only 95 die in every thousand.

This remarkable lowering of Man-
chester's infant mortality came about
as a result of the municipal maternity
work which has been carried on in
that city for the last eight years. And
there is now before the legislature a
bill which if passed will enable this
work, so successful in Manchester,

to be extended throughout the state.
The bill calls for an appropriation of
nearly $8,000 and provides for co-
operation with the Federal Govern-
ment under the Sheppard Towner
Act. Such co-operation would mean
that maternity work would be con-
ducted through our State Board of Health
under Federal supervision and that
we would receive from the Federal
government a sum of over $12,000
making a total of over $20,000, the
minimum amount, according to the
proj)onents of the bill necessary if
this work is to be carried on through-
out the state.

This bill has been endorsed by the
Xew Hampshire Federation of Woman's
Clubs, the N. H. Women's Christian
Temperance Union, the State Parent-
Teachers Association, and is being sup-
ported and advocated by the three women
legislators at Concord. There has,
nevertheless, arisen considerable oppo-
sition to the bill, the chief objection
being that by tfhus accepting Eederal
assistance we surrender our state rights.
The supporters of this bill, however,
j)oint to the fact that 42 other states
have accepted this Federal assistance and
that since we already accept Federal aid
for nine other purposes, such as for our
highways, for the eradication of bovine
tuberculosis, for the gypsy moth work,
etc., they see no reason why we should
not accept such Federal aid for the work
of saving our babies.
^ There are three other bills which are
receiving much interest, and over which
there has been a great deal of contro-
versy and differences of opinion. These
include a bill which will permit amateur
and uncommercial sports to be played
on Sunday ; a bill which provides that
vaccination for school children shall not
be com})ulsory and a bill which has been
in'rrduced by the railroad which calls
for the discontinuance of two branch
lines of the B. & M. Railroad, the Man-
chester & Milford Road and the Suncook
X'allev Road.

R. Wright — Tilton, N. H.

The Popularity of Wixter Sports Has Rolled Up Like a Big Snowball

THE CARNIVAL SEASON IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

What Winter Sports Have Done For the State

DARTMOUTH entertained one
thousand guests at her thirteenth
annual Carnival this year. La-
conia estimates that over five thou-
sand people participated in her winter
sports the week end of February 10.
When Manchester held her celebra-
tion, the schools of the city and many
of the business houses declared a half-
holiday.

These few facts about the carnival
season just closing are taken at ran-
dom from the newspapers of the past
few weeks, but they serve to show
how firm a grip the carnival idea has
upon New Hampshire. And the idea
is the development of the last dozen
years. How did it come about?
New Hampshire winters have not
changed. There have always been
the same drifts of crisp white snow,
the same clear blue skies, the same
brisk, bracing air. But the entire at-
titude of people toward winter has

undergone a transformation nothing
short of miraculous. The popularity
of winter sports and carnivals has
rolled up like a big snowball, and it
is still increasing. How did it start?
Some dozen years ago a boy enter-
ing Dartmouth brought with him a
pair of home-made skis and a bound-
less enthusiasm for skiing. Possibly
he. more than any other one person,
is responsible for the movement, for
as founder of the Dartmouth Winter
Sports Club, he originated the Car-
nival at Dartmouth, the forerunner of
all the carnivals throughout the state.
Much credit is due him. His achieve-
ment mav be taken as one more in-
stance of what a man with an en-
thusiasm can accomplish. But he
didn't do it singlehanded. It takes
the dry tinder of popular receptivity
as well as the spark of genius to kindle
such a fire. The conditions were
right. Dartmouth started the ball

102

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Manchester Mingled Summer and Winter Sports in Her Spectacular Diving

From a Forty -Foot Ledge

rolling

and the country as a whole
responded with a vigor which was as
surprising as it was enthusiastic.

Each year more towns and cities
fall into line. Each year new features
are introduced. Each year more

It's Not So Cold In The Water
As It Is Out Of It.

people venture to take part in the
sports. The season just past has been
the most successful yet. To list the
New Hampshire carnivals would be
next to impossible. There are some
which are now well established annual
events like those at Dartmouth, and
Laconia and Newport. There were
city carnivals, like that at Manchester,
and carnivals in the smaller villages.
Tamworth, North Conway. Jackson,
Concord. Claremont. Bristol. Tilton,
faffrey, Gorham — merely listing the
names of some of them is enough to
give an impression of the variety of
the events. And it is safe to say that
not one carnival committee completed
its work without storing up a grist of
ideas for making next year's celebra-
tion bigger and better than this year's.
The carnival enthusiasm has bv no
means reached its peak yet.

In some respects carnivals are as
alike as peas. The parade which
.starts proceedings, the ski-jumping.

THE CARNIVAL SEASON IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

103

The New England Skating Association

the tug of war, the races on snow-
shoes, the coasting and tobogganing,
the carnival ball — these with modi-
fications appear wherever carnivals
are given. They are always popular,
always productive of fun and good
fellowship.

With this fundamental similarity,
however, goes an originality which
makes each carnival distinctive, quite
apart from any other event. Some-
times these distinctive features have
little or no direct connection with
winter sports in themselves — like
Manchester's carnival movies or Dart-
mouth's loud-speaking radio which
supplied music for the skaters. Some-
times they consist of unusual exhibi-
tions by professionals or semi-profes-
sionals. At North Conway one inter-
esting feature was the ski-jumping by
a father of sixty and his son aged
eleven, the oldest and the youngest
ski-jumpers in the country. The New
England Skating Association made
Laconia the scene of skating exhibi-
tions unecjualled in the whole state.
At Gorham the presence of a fine team
of Eskimo dogs helped to make the
carnival a succes.s. And Manchester
found itself featured in every roto-

yuimby — L,aconia

Made Laconia the Scene of Its Exhibitions

gravure section in New England by
the daring mingling of summer and
winter sports by the boys who again
and again made a forty-foot dive from
a snow-covered ledge into water
which could be kept from freezing
over only by constant work on the part
of men stationed at the foot of the
ledge for that purpose. Most interest-
ing of all. however, were the special
features which developed out of the
individual character of the town —
Bristol's ox parade, Newport's deer

Moody — Bristol

Two Entries at the Bristol Carnival

"^^ ^

Above : It isn't as easy as it looks !
Ski jumping at the Manchester Carni-
val.

Left; Gorhani introduced a tine team
of Eskimo dog^ at her carnival.

Photo by Jluody

Below: "The best ]K)ssible form of
community activity." Part of Bris-
tol's carnival.

Photo l>y Shorey, Gorham

Above : This mammoth sled was one
of the most i)o])ular features of the
carnival at Manchester.

Right: An Arctic dog sledge in New
Hampshire hills.

Photo liy Shorey. (iorliHiii

Bklow : Ready to start for a cross-
countrv hike.

106

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

. . fX

Uustun

The Most Skilful Sportsmen Come to Grief Occasionally

it Maine

drive, etc. There is a community
flavor to such events.

All this means a tremendous boom
to New Hampshire prosperity. It
means that the state, which for years
has been New England's most popular
.summer resort, has become an all-the-
year-round vacation land. The ad-
vertising value of the carnival idea
is being exploited to the fullest ex-
tent by our boards of trade, our
chambers of commerce, our news-
papers, our hotels, our stores, by the
railroads, by the manufacturers of
.sports equipment, even by the de-
signers of styles, though Collier in a
cartoon in the Boston Herald is
moved to question whether knickers
were made popular by carnivals or
vice versa.

This is all legitimate publicity. But
if that were all there was to it one
might have reason for concern. There
is something repugnant to a New
Englander in the idea of commercial-
izing the natural beauty of the
country. If our Avinter sports are

nothing more than devices to tickle
the fancy and open the i)urse.s of our
friends from out of the state, is it
after all worth the candle? A passing
fad, a brilliant publicity idea, — but
is it anything more?

For your answer you have only to
go to a New Hampshire town — al-
most any town will do — on a Sat-
urday afternoon. You will have to
go outside the main streets of the
town to find the peo])le ; the cen-
tral square will be almost deserted.
But at a convenient meeting-place on
the outskirts of the town you will
probably find a group with .snowshoes
and skis, a good-natured group of
assorted ages and sizes — and cos-
tumes. These are Community Hikers,
ready to start off across the fields for
a tramji of about five miles. In Con-
cord, where the idea has been tried
out for several years now. that group
sometimes includes one hundred or
more.

Walking a few rods further you will
come upon an open field with a ski-

THE CARNIVAL SEASON IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

107

■^ ;:'^^^

Boston

Maine

There is Exhilaration in the Woods in Winter

jump and a toboggan chute and a
crowd of rapid-motion enthusiasts
swarming up and down the hillside.
You will see entertaining exhibitions
if you stop to watch — more enter-
taining by far than those which are
featured in carnivals. The equipment
of the field, in nine cases out of ten.
belongs to the community, is kept in
order by the commuity, and is at the
disposal of any one who uses it with-
out abusing the privilege. Tilton
boasts a toboggan chute on which the
speed is slightly more than a mile a
minute. Laconia has one which is
nearly half a mile long. It is not
difficult to imagine how incessantly
those chutes are in use while the snow
lasts.

In such con>munity activity, spon-
sored by the community and main-
tained for the community, is to be
found the best development of the
popularity of winter sports. Out on
the ski runs and toboggan chutes, the
skating ponds and the snow-covered
meadows is being stored up energy

and health which are more truly com-
munity assets than the receipts which
directly or indirectly accrue from car-
nivals, however brilliant they may be.

Whenever the people of a commun-
ity iget together in any wholesome
activity the morale of the community
is strengthened. We discovered that
in war times, we tried more or less
successftiUy to carry the idea over
into peace times through organized
"community play" and by "community
singing," and we have found in winter
sports the best possible form of com-
munity activity.

This is true for one very simple
reason : winter sports allow no onlook-
ers. Baseball and football are out of
the Ciuestion as community games be-
cause they enlist the active brain and
muscle of a very few players ; the rest
of us sit on the grandstand and shout
instructions. Most of us rather like to
get our exercise by proxy, and during
the summer months we can do so
comfortably. But the enthusiast who
gets pleasure out of standing on the

108

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

ice in a biting north wind watching
an ice hockey game, or who will
shiver in a snowdrift in admirmg at-
tention while a ski-jumping exhibi-
tion is in process is rare. That sort
of thing is fun for a few minutes and
then the cold begins to get in its work.
No one can enjoy skiing or skating
or coasting or snowshoeing or any
other form of winter sports from the
sidelines; he has to get into the game
to feel the tingle and zest of it.

It takes effort sometimes to make
a start. Assuredly no spectacle was
ever so ridiculous as a novice on skis
or skates or even snowshoes. And
the novice is painfully conscious of
that fact when he starts. But he
gathers his courage in both hands.
He decides to try the ski run. He
starts. It is not so bad as he thought.
He is getting on famously. He hopes
that people are watching his progress
to see how successful he is. Some-

thing happens. One ski starts explor-
ing on its own responsibility....
As he digs himself out of the smother-
ing snow he looks around sheepishly
for the crowds of derisive spectators.
There are none. They are having too
many troubles of their own to watch
the tumbles of a beginner. His self-
consciousness vanishes. He is fully
initiated into the army of Winter
Sports Enthusiasts.

Taken as a single incident that is
trivial enough, but repeated a.s it has
been thousands of times this winter it
has a social significance which might
furnish the subject for a Doctor's
thesis in Psychok^gy. America is a
self-C()nscit)U.s country, hampered and
handicapped by the fear of being spon-
taneous. Is it not possible that, by
helj^ing to lift this self-consciousness,
our winter sports are building the
mental health of the nation as well a.s
its physical well-l)eing?

I
1

FILLED MILK

FILLED milk is a name that the
majority of citizens have become
familiar with during the past few
months. It refers to a certain sub-
stance made up of a compound of skim-
milk and cocoanut oil. It is manu-
factured by separating the butter fat
from the whole milk and substituting
in its place, cocoanut or vegetable oil.
This is a very profitable business for
the manufacturer; liutter fat, worth
approximately fifty cents per pound,
is replaced by cocoanut oil, worth from
six to ten cents per pound. The busi-
ness has been growing by tremendous
bounds until a yearly production of
86,000.000 pounds has been reached.
Eilled Milk is very injurious to health.
Such an authority as Dr. E. V.
McCollum of Johns Hopkins Universi-
ty, testified before Congress that an in-
fant fed a few weeks on this product
would develop the rickets. The rea-
son for this lies in the fact that when

you remove l)Utter fat from whole milk,
it takes ^'0% of a i)articular class of
vitamines which are very essential to
the health and growth of infants and
yrowin": children.

House Hill Xo. 04 in the New
Hampshire legislature, if i)asse(l, would
prohibit the sale and manufacture in
this state of filled milk. It is essential
that this bill should pass for both
health and economic reasons.

A Inll similar to this has been enacted
in eleven states and the constitution-
ality of the law upheld in three of these
States. This legislation is endorsed
by organizations representing the great
majority of citizens in New Hampshire.
These organizations are the New
llampshire Farm P)ureau F'ederation.
the Cirange, the Federation of Labor,
the League of Women \'oters, the
Dairymen's Association and many other
organizations of local, state and na-
tional character. — H. S. R.

PROMINENT
LEGISLATORS

RAYMOND B. STEVENS (D)

Landaff
Committee on Ways and Means

Committee on Labor
A T the beginning of each week,
donning his shaggy coat and
piling bag and baggage on his
boy's toboggan, he catapults down
from his snowy mountain fast-
ness into political New Hamp-
shire. A similar vigor, direct-
ness, and force characterize his
motions after he reaches the
Capital. In the New Hampshire
House and in the National Con-
gress, as vice-chairman of the U.
S. Shipping Board, and in his
recent independent stand for a
fact-finding commission. Mr.
Stevens has shown himself a
statesman who puts ijublic wel-
fare above personal advancement.

Chadbourne

ROBERT P. BASS (R)

Peterborough

Committee on Ways and Means

rci'HE leading exponent to be
found in the entire north-
east in the battle for the cause
of social and industrial justice" —
That's what Roosevelt called him
back in 1912. He was Governor
men — one of the youngest
Governors New Hampshire has
ever had, and one of the few
who left a perfect record of per-
formed platform pledges. Roose-
velt's words come back with
special force this session because
of Mr. Bass's hard fight fur a
fact-finding commission on the
48-hour law, his personal investi-
gation culminating in his stand
as Republican champion of the
law, and his active interest in the
alleviation of the farmer's tax
burden.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

GEORGE H. DUNCAN (D)

Jaffrev
Committee on National Affairs

Committee on Railroads
Committee on Ways and Means

VOU have seen those picture
puzzles of seemingly orthodox
landscapes labeled. .. ."Find the
cat." Once found the concealed
outlines are so clear one wonders
at the blindness of those who
look at the picture without seeing
them. The "cat" in Mr. Duncan's
landscape is the Single Tax. He
traces its principle back to Moses
and forward to the millenium.
No wonder he watches the strug-
gles of the legislature with a
slight air of amusement. A stu-
dent of men and affairs, it is safe
to say that he knows more about
more bills before the House than
any other person in the Legisla-
ture or out.

GEORGE A. WOOD (R)

Portsmouth

Committee on Labor

Committee on Ways and Means

'^'^VOU may use my photograph
if you wish, but the really
important pictures in our family
are these — " and Mr. Wood pull-
ed from his pocket a set of pic-
tures of the two-year-old girl who
is probably better known in New
Hampshire legislative circles than
any other young woman of her
age in the state. Mr. Wood is
variously known as "Betty Jean's
grandfather," "Mary L Wood's
husband" and as one of the
most fair-mindied of our legisla-
tors. He has made his third
term notable by his able support
of the 48-hour law.

PROMINENT NEW HAMPSHIRE LEGISLATORS

111

ALFRED O. MORTEN SEN
(D)

GORHAM

Committee on Labor

T^HIS earnest young electrician
from Gorham represents a
new element in New Hampshire
politics — the labor leader with an
intellectual grasp of economic
principles and of the psychology
of law-making. Making his po-
litical debut in a clean-up cam-
paign in his own town, he has
come to Concord this winter with
the determination to see industrial
issues handled fairly and squarely.
Although a newcomer, he has al-
ready made himself known by
his clear and forceful speeches
on the floor of the House.

WILLIAM E. PRICE (R)

Lisbon

Committee on Revision of

Statutes

Committee on Rules

T ISBON has an unwritten law

that no man shall go to the
Legislature two consecutive ses-
sions. However, having found
in Mr. Price a representative,
combining the broad outlook of a
scholar — he holds degrees of A.
B. and A. M. from Brown — and
the keen business judgment of a
successful manufacturer, the town
was wise enough to return him
for a second term. He would
have been speaker had the Re-
publicans controlled the House,
and he was one of the ablest op-
ponents of the 48-hour law.

112

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

EORTUNAT NORMANDIN

(D)

Laconia

Committee on Judiciary

Committee on National Affairs

Committee on Rules

TV/ HEN Robert Jackson used
to conduct Democratic ral-
lies in Laconia some years ago,
there was among his hearers, ap-
prehensive lest Mr. Jackson ac-
complish all the world's work
before he could grow up, a
dark-eyed French Canadian boy,
who learned English when he was
ten years old. This boy was For-
tunat Normandin. He is a
Democratic representative from
a normally Republican ward, but
he owes his election not to the
'"landslide" but to a well-estab-
lished habit on the part of his
neighbors to depend on him in
matters of this sort.

JOHN G. WINANT (R)
Concord
Committee on Labor
T^HE Young Schoolmaster in
Politics is a favorite subject
for novelists. But when one adds
to John Winant's teaching career
at St. Paul's and his already no-
table record both in the House
and in the Senate, some Texas
oil adventures, a California
ranch, and war experience which
began with enlistment as a pri-
vate and concluded with com-
mand of a squadron in the Air
Service — Well, an author con-
fronted wMth that wealth of ma-
terial would speedily be reduced
to distraction similar to Mr. Wi-
nant's when genius starts to burn
and his 48-hour friends have
kidna])ped his stenographer.

PROMINENT NEW HAMPSHIRE LEGISLATORS

113

ROBERT WRIGHT (R)

Sanbornton

Committee on Judiciary

WHEN Robert Wright runs
for the state legislature he
works up more enthusiasm in
Sanbornton than a presidentia
campaign. Which, a't first

thought, seems surprising for he
is known as one of the most si-
lent men in the House. He ac-
complishes much with few fire-
works, as those who know of
his work as chairman of the
judiciary committee in 1919 can
testify. This is his fourth ap-
pearance in the House. He's
been there every term but one
since 1915.

EZRA M. SMITH (R)
Peterborough

Committee on Judiciary
"LIE'S the oldest member of the

Legislature — in years only.
For one has only to listen to his
extemporaneous speeches on the
floor of the House to realize
that, in alertness of interest and
keenness of judgment, he is among
the youngest of the crowd. He
first came to the House in 1871
and he has been present six ses-
sions since that time, with one
term in the Senate. From his
first appearance his chief inter-
est has been in taxation meas-
ures. The ovation given him on
his birthday was one of the in-
teresting features of the present
session.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Arthur Johnson

Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, as
suddenly as the thought struck him
when he and a friend of his, who long
ago descrihed it to me, were hunting for
a lost poem together: "I should like to
have an anthology of the one-poem
poets!" — in sympathy with which fugi-
tive wish the p.sems to he published un-
der this heading from month to month

have been selected, though it is not pre-
sumed their authors have not. in some
cases, written other poems which to
some tastes are of equal or perhaps even
greater merit. It is probable that some
at least of the poems here published
will be collected later in book form.
Suggestions will be welcome.

-A. J.

THE WHITE MOTH

By a. T. yuiLLER-CoucH

// a leaf rustled, she icoidd start:

And yet she died, a year ago.

Hoik.' had so frail a thing the heart

To journey ivhere she trembled so?
And do they turn, and turn in fright.

Those little feet, in so much night?

The light above the poet's head

Streamed on the page and on the cloth.
And twice and thrice there buffeted

On the black pane a white-winged moth
'Twas Annie's soul that beat outside

.\nd "Open, open, open!" cried:

"I could not find the way to God;

There were too many flaming suns
For signposts, and the fearful road

Led over wastes where millions
Of tangled comets hissed and burned —

I was bewildered and I turned.

"O, it was easy then ! I knew

Your window and no star beside.

Look up, and take me back to you !"

— He rose and thrust the window wide :

'Twas but because his brain was hot
With rhyming ; for he heard her not.

But poets polishing a phrase
Show anger over trivial things ;

And as she blundered in the blaze
Towards him, on ecstatic wings,

He raised a hand and smote her dead ;
Then wrote "That I had died instead !"

POEMS 115

IDENTITY

By Thomas Bailey Aldrich

Somewhere — in desolate wind-swept space-
In Twilight-land — in No-man's land —

Two hurrying Shapes met face to face.
And bade each other stand.

"And who are you?" cried one, agape.
Shuddering in the gloaming light.

"1 know not," said the Second Shape,
"1 only died last night!"

THE PARTING

By Michael Drayton

Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part —
Nay, I have done, you get no more of me;
And I am glad, xea, glad with all mv heart.
That thus so cleanly I myself can free.
Shake hands forever, cancel all our vows,
And when we meet at any time again.
Be it not seen in either of our brows
That we one jot of former love retain.

Now at the last gasp of Love's latest breath.
When, his pulse failing. Passion speechless lies,
When Faith is kneeling by his bed of death.
And Innocence is closing up his eyes,
— Now if thou wouldst, when all have given him over,
From death to life thou niight'st him yet recover.

HERACLITUS

By William Johnson Cory

They told me, Heraclitus, they told me you were dead.
They brought me bitter news to hear and bitter tears to

shed.
I wept as I remember 'd how often you and I
Had tired the sun with talking and sent him down the sky.

And now that thou art lying, my dear old Carian guest,
A handful of grey ashes, long, long ago at rest.
Still are thy pleasant voices, thy nightingales, awake ;
For Death, he taketh all away, but them he cannot take.

mii

4' , -■

fcV^^

jW^. - . •■^■: ,„: J^-ii jj

Potatoes dug from ten hills each of ceiliued and ccir.mon stock. The certified seed at left
produced 13 pounds, consisting- of 44 marketable and 15 unmarketable potatoes, while the common
stock at right produced 5 V2 pouncis, consisting of 24 marketable and 14 unmarketable ones.

THE COLLEGE AND POTATOES

A Movie of the Extension and Ex])erinient Service at Work

By Henry Bailey Stevens

INSTEAD t)f pt)tatoes this article
might have dealt with chickens or
dairy cattle or apples or home
economics. In all of these lines —
and others — the strands between the
State College and New Hampshire's
20,000 farms are being woven more
tightly ; but there is not time to speak
of everything, and potatoes alone may
well, as the boys say, constitute a
"mouthful." In fact, I am tempted
not to make it an article at all but
rather a moving-picture.

Suppose that you are seated in
cinema darkness, and that you are
looking not at The (Granite Monthly,
but at the screen. First let there
flicker for a moment the windows
of an ivy-covered brick laboratory
strangely shot through by the radiance
of a setting sun. Behind the gla.ss
a tall black figure stands turning up-
side down the contents of a vial and
closely scrutinizing them, lliis, the
caption informs you. is the State Ag-
ricultural Ex|)eriment Station at Dur-
ham.

In an instant the scene shifts to a
busy office. A young man at a desk
talking hurriedly to a farmer in over-
alls. A stenographer calls the young-
man to the telephone. Energetically
he speaks into it. This is a county
agent's office in one of the ten county
Farm Bureau centers of the state.

Then you see a lone weather-beaten
farmhouse with a road winding to it,
tall maples, a big barn and a cosy
atmosphere that makes the pianist
down front break spontaneously into
"A Little Gray Home in the West"
or its latest successor. And suddenly,
as if connecting all three of these
scenes, appears a row of smooth, well-
shaped potatoes linked together to
form a long chain. "Educated pota-
toes" the film calls them. You real-
ize that in some my.sterious way they
are to bind together the laboratory,
the county agent's office, and the farm.

It is the fall of the year 1918. Seated
around a table are some of the mem-
bers of the Experiment Station Coun-
cil — F. W. Taylor, veteran agronomist,
large-framed, with bull-dog jaws and
a sense of humor ; O. Butler, un-
believably tall and lank, a specialist
in plant diseases, educated in France,
with twinkling eyes under steel-
rimmed spectacles ; W. C. O'Kane,
nationally known as an entomologist
and writer, facile, with an alert man-
ner, togged for a cross-country tramp ;
J. H. Gourley, clean-cut. bald-headed,
keen-eyed, whose apple investigations
have brought increasing fame.

Take a close-up of the man who is
speaking, as he leans back in a swivel-
chair. Of medium build, clean-shaven,
gentle-eyed, with a bald lane over

THE COLLEGE AND POTATOES

117

KEY:

the top of his head, he is
easily the most unassum-
ing and yet perhaps the
most quietly determined
man in the roum. This
is J. C. Kendall, director
of both the Experiment
Station and the Exten-
sion Service. Twenty-
five years ago John Ken-
dall came to Durham to
enter college as a student
from a Harrisville farm
with only a bicycle, eight
dollars in his pocket and
an undefined zeal for New
Hampshire's farming in
his heart. The years
have taken away the bi-
cycle and perhaps the
eight dollars; but they
have given a point to the
zeal. The Country Gen-
tleman recently stated
that more than any other
man in the state he had
had his finger on the
pulse of New Hamp-
shire's agriculture.

"Gentlemen," he says,
"we have got to do some-
thing about our potato
production. New Eng-
land as a whole has been
increasing its acreage.
Maine has nearly doubled
hers, but we have been
slipping. We are close
to the market with a Indky ^ crop
that cuts down through freight
rates any advantage of the West.
What is the matter? And what
can the Experiment Station do about
it?

Discussion waxes slowly. It is not
a matter of acreage, but of the amount
produced per acre. If so, why is our
average production so low on this
basis? Finally the floor goes to Dr.
Butler.

"It seems to me that the limiting
factor here" — he is a scientist and

EXTENSION
ORGANIZATION

New Hampshire

COMMUNITIES ORGANIZED rOR
AGRICULTURAL WORK — O
HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK
BOY& & GIRLS CLUB WORK — ®

T II K

Way Extension Work Has Sprkad
OvF.R New Hamtshire

likes to use phrases like this — "is
disease control. Most of the potato
stock in the state is sufiFering from the
degeneration maladies — mosaic and
leaf-roll. Scab and rhyzoctonia are
prevalent. Our farmers do not even
protect themselves from late blight.
The most pressing need is an intro-
duction of certified seed, and of a
campaign for the use of Bordeaux
mixture."

Now the discussion becomes keen-
er. There are conflicting reports
about certified seed ; some of it pro-

118

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

After a few weeks he re-
ports to Director Ken-
dall.

'"There is a man in
Maine named Hamlin,"
he says, "I like the looks
of the reports of his
stock. Rut he doesn't
answer my letters."

"Telegraph him," says
the director. "Tell him
we'll take all the ])()ta-
toes he's got."

Down on a sleepy
farm Air- Hamlin is in
no hurry to answer his
correspondence. He sits
calmly with the assur-
ance of a man who he-
lieves that the world
will come to him. He
has been perfecting his
potato stock for years,
and he is aware of the
fact that there will be no
trouble in disposing of
it. Finally he writes la-
boriously his terms. They
are accepted at once.
The next season trial
duces big crops, some of it doesn't, plots of certified seed are in evidence
The source of it must be investigated, on the College farm. Competing with
There are problems to be solved in them are ])lots of good native stock.

Some of the Potatoes Raised by Charles E. Martin of

COLEBROOK — THE FiRST CaRLOAD OF NeW HAMPSHIRE

Grown Certified Seed Ever Sold in the State.

connection with the use of Bordeaux
mixture. But the conference fades
away with instructions to Dr. Butler
to go ahead.

In his spare time Dr. Butler likes
to spray snap-dragons, likes to cover
them with large glass bell-jars and
determine the action of the sun. This

On other plots are being conducted
spraying experiments — -one strength
of Bordeaux mixture here, another
strength there, with variations in the
number of applications. Visitors come
and wander around among the rows.
In the fall, it seems evident that cer-
tain conclusions can be drawn ; but

evening you see him walking around the trained investigators of the Ex-

among the flowers, lifting a bell-jar
here and there and examining the
plant beneath. He is planning his
campaign.

Then, in the morning, begins a
patient hunt. There is nothing s])ec-
tacular about it, nothing but letters
and lists and dictation. He sends
out inquiries carefully, determined to
find the best certified seed available.

])eriment Station have been disil-
lusioned too often to draw hasty in-
ferences. One season's work is not
enough for decisions which will have
a far-reaching efifect. Furthermore,
it must be clear that the results could
be obtained under farm conditions.

And, so it happens that one day
when he is free of class-work at the
College and can leave other investi-

THE COLLEGE AND POTATOES

119

gations dealing with ap-
l)le scab, white-pine bhs-
ter-rust and the in-
creasing array of other
phint diseases. Dr. But-
ler climbs into a machine
at Exeter with County
Agent nt)n Ward. Mr.
\\ ard. like many other
County agents, drives a
Ford car as if he were
j)laying auto polo. He
does not intend to waste
much time on the road ;
and it is fun to watch
them as they dive into
wooded stretches, and
shoot up over hills and
down into valleys. It
i.s not many minutes lie-
fore they are at the farm
of Mr. James Monahan
of East Kingston. There
they make arrangements
with Mr. Monahan, a
stocky farmer and one of
the best "co-operators"
in the state- There may
have been a time once
when Mr. Alonahan scoffed at col-
lege professors and the science that
they taught ; Init if there was. it has
passed. He listens attentively, re-
spectfully to their plan, and takes
them out to the field where he plans
to plant several acres of potatoes.

"You think you already have some
pretty good potatoes, don't you, Mr.
Monahan?" says Mr. Ward, with a
smile in his eye. "Well, we believe
we can show you something."

"Yes?" He is not entirely con-
vinced yet that this certified seed
from Maine is necessarilv better than
his own. He too has been proud of
his potatoes.

"We'll run them in alternate rows,"
says Dr. Butler, "first a row of non-
certilied, then a row of certified. And
we'll treat them both, so far as spray-
ing and cultivation go, absolutely
alike."

Fred A. Peaslee of AIerkimack, N. H., and Some of
His Certified Seed Potatoes

"Agreed," says Mr. Monahan, "will
vou make good the difference if I
win ?"

They drive off laughing. This is
the first trip in connection with the
project. Every detail of planting and
spraying is carefully supervised. By
midsummer, Mr. Monahan, as he
looks over the rows and sees how the
certified stock out-tops the neighbor-
ing rows, is convinced. By digging
time in fall, there is a good deal of
excitement. As the digging machine
goes up and down the field, it turns
up to the light, row after row of
smooth, white tubers that will grade
"fancy," neither too large nor too
small. Both sets of rows are yield-
ing high, but clearly the certified seed
has proved its worth. Carefully each
row is bagged and weighed with
scientific accuracy. At the last, stand-
in by the scales, Dr. Butler reckons

120 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

up the total. The non-certified .seed ment, hustlers, bent on putting the
has yielded 302 bushels to the acre, good thing "across." When they get
which would ordinarily be considered back to their county offices in Lancas-
a very good showing; but the certi- ter, Woodsville, Keene, Milford, La-
fied has produced 416 bushels to the conia, Rochester, Conway, etc., they
acre ! start a running fire of circular letters,
"Now you step on the scales," says press material, and messages to the
Mr. Alonahan to Dr. Butler with Hi- Farm Bureau project leaders with
bernian humor, "I'll best you're ten whom they keep in constant touch,
pounds bigger than you were yester- All told, orders for over 6000 bushels
day !" of certified seed are placed, Further-
A few weeks later the extension more, agents do not ask the farmers
agents of the state are in Durham for to take their word for the value of
the annual extension conference, certified seed. On sixty-five farms.
Dairying, fruit, poultry, lime and well scattered up and down the state,
legumes, farm management, boys' and they start demonstrations comparing
girls' club work, clothing, food and the improved stock with common
health, home improvement, forestry, potatoes. Every one of these demon-
cooperative marketing — work along strations acts as a center of influence,
all of these lines is planned; but reaching out to tell the farmers of its
among other things, potatoes have locality in the unmistakeable lan-
their inning. In the office of County guage of experience what certified
Agent Leader E. P. Robinson the seed can really do.

agricultural agents sit around a long Not only do the agricultural agents

table. Young men they are, most of spread the idea among adult farmers,

them, hardened to unending demon- but the junior extension agents take

strations and evening meetings and it to the boys' and girls' clubs. Over

community baked-bean suppers. Col- in Merrimack the neighbors come and

lege trained, and usually farm-bred, look with amazement at what young

they are the connecting link between Fred Peaslee's potatoes are doing

the scientific workers at the college Fred, together with his four sisters,

and the United States Department of has been enrolled in club projects

Agriculture on the one hand and New for several years. He, too. had felt

Hanii^shire's hard-headed farmers on that he knew something about pota-

the other. toes. To be sure, he had not been fa-

Carefully, logically. Dr. Butler tells miliar with mosaic, leafroll and some

the results of his experiments. Sa- of those strange potato diseases; but

gaciously the extension agents map he had been willing to bet that his

out their plan of campaign. Director own potatoes would stand up well

Kendall, feeling that another move is against this new-fangled certified

being made on the checker-board, seed. He is willing to grin now as he

gives calm guidance ; is as ready now shows the neighbors his patch with

for bold tactics as he was before for the certified-seed rows standing out

conservative ones. Every county is like young pine in a meadow. When

eager for demonstrations. he digs them in the fall, they beat his

"We'll want 500 bushels in Sullivan old stock by more than two to one.
County," says Wells of Claremont. All over the state in the fall simi-

"Merrimack County will want lar .success is reported. Returns from

1,000," adds Peaslee of Concord. forty-nine demonstrations show an

It is as if a leash of trained hunt- average increase of seventy-one bush-

ers were unloosed. These men are els per acre from the use of the "edu-

the salesmen of the new farm move- cated" seed. If the whole 6000

THE COLLEGE AND POTATOES

121

The Laboratokv W'hi.re the Exi'lkimknts Are Made

bushels imported into the state did
as well — and there is no reason to
suppose they did not — this meant an
increase in the .state's crop of 30,000
bushels. Figure it at as many dol-
lars, and it is easy to see what this
single project
meant to the
wealth of the
slate. Hut the
final value is
not so readily
estimated, for
there is a com-
pound inter-
est here of
a very high
rate. Work
conducted on
this scale couid
not help but
have a pro-
found bearing
upon the agricultural practice of the
next year and succeeding years. This
campaign took place in 1921. In
1922, the extension agents had no
difficulty in placing certified seed on
900 farms in the state. Again they
ran demonstrations, 101 of them, tell-
ing the news to more farmers, making
a wider and wider spread of influence.

Once again digging time repeated
the story : an average increase this
season of 62 bushels per acre.

Meanwhile, our friend of the Ex-
periment Station, Dr. Butler, has
been encouraging careful growers to
raise potatoes which will pass in-
spection as New Hampshire certified
seed. He sets a high standard, will
wipe a grower off the slate whose
field shows more than five per cent
affected In' mosaic and leafroll com-
bined. But this strict standard, ad-
hered to over a period of years, would
place New Hampshire certified at a
premium in the seed markets of the
country. Furthermore, the few grow-
ers who succeed in passing the Ex-
periment Station's inspection are well
repaid for their efforts. The club boy,

Fred Peaslee. does it after a sum-
mer's back-aching work, and on the
strength of the proceeds is able to
enter New Hampshire College as a
student in the fall. He expects to
earn hi.s way through to a degree by

repeating the
'^•^^^^ performance.
Best of all,
certified seed
growing i s
started in
earnest up in
the Colebrook
section. This
area, just

south of Dix-
ville Notch,
w here the
growing sea-
son is short
and rapid, is
in reality the
Aroostook of New Hampshire. Soil
and climate combine here to give the
tubers the optimum for development.
On the farm of Charles E. Martin
last fall they picked up a bushel bask-
etfull without moving from one .spot.
In some parts of the field the yield
IS over 500 bushels to the acre. Mr.
Martin gazes at them quizzically
through large glasses. He has never
seen a sight like this before in all his
fifty years of potato growing.
Neither, he is frank to admit, has Dr.
Butler. They trot over the field hap-
pily, like miners who have struck
yellow dirt; and Mr. Martin rushes
off the first carload of New Hamp-
shire certified seed in the history of
the state at several times the price
for common stock.

And now, so garrulously has my
tale run on, I find I have not by
any means told the whole story of the
potato work of the past few years,
but only that part of it which deals
with certified seed. Nothing at all
has been said of the important spray-
ing experiments with Bordeaux mix-
ture, which, when carried out into

122

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

the field by the extension agents,
showed thriving green rows beside
vintreated ones that stunk with rot.
Nor have the tests of dusting appli-
ances been mentioned, which promise
to save the fields of small growers
unable to buy the high-powered
spraying equipment. How can any-
one hope to give an adequate idea of
the work of the Experiment Station
and the Extension Service if one pro-
ject alone runs over the "reel length?"
And there are so many other pro-
jects — the important work with lime
and legumes, the apple orchard in-
vestigations and demonstrations, the
international!}' famous nutrition ex-
periment, the aggressive poultry cull-
ing campaign, the cooperative mar-
keting work, the building up of cow-
testing associations, the farm man-
agement studies, the clothing con-
struction schools, the inauguration
of rural dental clinics, the demon-
strations of home conveniences. — one
gets out of breath naming them.

During the past year the Extension
Service, which, by the way, combines
the forces of the State College, the U.
S. Department of Agriculture and the
county Farm Bureaus, arranged a
total of 2292 demonstrations, in New
Hampshire ; and the meetings at
these demonstrations, entirely aside
from hundreds of other meetings not
of the demonstration type, were at-
tended by over 42,000 people. The

work reached 196 of the townships of
the state.

This spread of activity has largely
been made possible by the interest
and enthusiasm of the farm people
themselves. Over 1000 men and
women are serving on committees to
further extension projects.

But rcvcnons aitx pommes dc tcrrcl
No moving picture theater would
tolerate such digressions. The end
of the potato is not the digging of it,
nor the marketing of it, nor the stor-
ing of it. So look at this family
about the dining table. Here is the
ultimate consumer. Father is just
about to put the serving fork into a
pile of steaming l)aked spuds, lieautiful
potatoes these are, smooth, without
blemish of scab or scurf, not too
large nor too small ; and when you
cut them open, there is no hollow
black heart at the center, nothing but
a fragrant white mealiness that takes
butter the way a sunset takes the
.sky, blending it harmoniously. And
look ! Already young Robert is hold-
ing up an empty plate. "More,
please," says this voracious Oliver
Twist. Give him another one.
Father, and let the camera man take
a fade-away of it, so that at the last
we are looking down as through a
tunnel at a single perfect potato. A
Green Mountain they call it, but
White Mountain would be more ap-
propriate ; for it is a New Hampshire
certified product !

Parked For A Country Field Day

Looking North Along Elm Strei-;t From the Roof ok the Amoskeag Bank Building

TWENTIETH CENTURY MANCHESTER

Is the Queen City ''Finished?"

By Vivian Savacool

WE hear a great deal said of late
to the effect that Manchester
has seen its best days, that
the South is taking its textile busi-
ness, the West its shoe industries,
and that the city's prosperity will
soon be only a memory. Remarks of
this kind resemble prophesies made
twenty years ago, if the following in-
cident recently related to me is indi-
cative of the feeling at the beginning
of the twentieth century.

The head of the Credit Department
of what was at that time the largest
wholesale dry goods house in the
United States and the largest dis-
tributor of cotton manufactured goods
on the American continent, said that
his house had money invested in a
Department Store in Manchester in
holdings of preferred stock and a

large sum in open account. All of
this they wished to withdraw be-
cause, to use his exact words, "Man-
chester is finished." His reason was
that the cotton mills must move
South tv compete with the industry
growing up there under more advan-
tageous conditions than New Eng-
land could oft'er and that, without the
textile industry, the city would revert
to linsignificance. Such a statement
from a man whose business it was to
be in touch with the industrial con-
ditions in every part of the country,
could not help but cause alarm and
apprehension to those who had the
future development of Manchester at
heart.

But was the credit man right? We
all know that Manchester has seemed
to flourish during the last twenty

124

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

"The Most Unique Offering for the Extension of Culture.
Institute of Arts and Sciences"

.is the

years, that the population has in-
creased from 56,000 in 1900, to
78,000 in 1920. and the following table
shows more striking development.

Manchester Bank Deposits

1900

1920

Per cent
of increane

Industries

1900 1920

Per cen

Emploi/eea Kmployee.i:

of incre(

Textile

13,000 16,500

26%

Shoe

2,000 8,300

316%

Miscellaneous

3,255 3,386

Afcrage increase 54%

These figures need no interpreta-
tion except perhaps to say that the
increase of 4% made in industries
other than textile and shoe was gained
in spite of a loss of 350 employees
when the Manchester Locomotive
was absorbed by the American Lo-
comotive Works and left the city.
The important fact is that by 1920
the various industries had increased
54% since that day twenty years be-
fore when ]\Ianchester was pro-
nounced "finished."

If still further proof is needed, the
city banks confirm and strengthen
ovir growing belief that the credit
man was wrong.

National $3,551,467.00 $9,923,434.00 179%
Savings $15,999,732.57 $47,269,760.87 110%

Increase of money seems more re-
assuring of prosperity to many than
increase of population, but here we
have them both with which to face
the credit man. In addition there is
the tremendous development in the re-
tail business in the city. One striking
example is found in the growth of
the Barton Company which is the
largest Department Store not only in
Manchester but in New England
north of Boston, and which is one of
the finest and best equipped stores in
the country. Its history has been so
interesting that it is a temptation to
relate it in full, but there is only
space now for a brief sketch. The
store was the enterprise of a young
man, Otis Barton, who came to Man-
chester in 1850 with a capital of
$100. From this small beginning,
the store grew, steadily gaining a
business record and a reputation of
integrity that are the basis of its sue-

TWENTIETH CENTURY MANCHESTER

125

'The Carpenter Memorial Library is One ok thk F"inest

For Its Size in the Country"

cess. In 1904, Uv. William E.
Querin took over the business and its
growth continued even more rapidly
in spite of the fire in 1914, which com-
pletely destroyed the old building.
It seems incredible, but is true that
the number of employees of the Bar-
ton Co. has increased from twelve in
1900 to two hundred and fifty. While
Manchester supports .so flourishing
and fine a store, we cannot become
unduly pessimistic about the economic
conditions of the city.

Among many other stores which
bespeak prosperity are the James W.
Hill Co., the Charles A. Hoitt Co., a
very fine and progressive furniture
concern, and the John B. Varick Co.,
which is both a wholesale and a retail
house. They are all in fine build-
ings, have a complete and well as-
sorted stock, and conduct their busi-
nes.s under the most progressive
methods.

Then, to approach the question
from a dilTerent angle, there is the
other side of Manchester's develop-

ment, all that it ofifers its citizens for
educational and cultural advantages.
The most unique offering for the ex-
tension of culture and knowledge
which Manchester supports is pre-
sented by the Manchester Institute
of Arts and Sciences. The institu-
tion occupies a beautiful building giv-
en by Mrs. Eunea B. French, and is
fully equipped for all the courses it
offers. There is the Fine Arts De-
partment offering sixteen courses, a
Music Department, Domestic Science
J )epartment. Natural and Social
Science Sections, and the Literature
Section, which includes work in
French, Spanish, and Dramatic Ex-
pression, as well as in English Liter-
ature. For five dollars, each member
is entitled to enter as many classes as
he desires and to attend the numerous
concerts and lectures on current
events, art, and literature given dur-
ing the year by well known and au-
thoritative speakers.

It is also most encouraging to see
the increasing influence of the library

126

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

under the guidance of Miss Winchell, to learn, and fully compensates those
the Librarian. Its steady growth in charge for the thought and energy
and increasing effort cannot help which is being put into their part of
but bring about far-reaching, helpful the work. Quite as ardently does
results. Many changes we find are Miss Winchell dream of success in
due to the new library building, the founding many such deposit stations
Carpenter Memorial Building, which as are already started in East Man-
is the gift of Mr. Frank P. Carpenter, chester and Goffs Falls. These sta-
and is one of the finest for its size in tions are open certain days and hours
the country. Constructed of white each week, in an endeavor to get
marble on an elevated spacious loca- books out to the people. Many more
tion, it faces Concord Common, about assistants and more money are needed
which it is
hoped in time
new build-
ings will be
grouped to
make a civic
center. The
home of the
library and
its equip-
ment today,
is valued at
$1,250,000. It
is not neces-
sary to ex-
plain why
m ore e f-

ficient, pro-
gressive, and
stirring work

rrr r FAf^ r t^ C' et-' r T r

.*it. -^"A Jts-

A New Civic Enterprise —
The Carpenter Hotel As It Will Look.

to equip a
number of
stations until
the dream is
realized and
every person
in Manches-
ter is within
a mile of a
source of
Ijooks. A pro-
gressive and
commendable
dream !

S i m i 1 a r
leaps and
bounds are
being made
b y t h o s e
whose work

can be conducted in this building it is to make the schools of Manches-
than in the old structure, built in ter as hne as possible. High school
1871, and so ecclesiastical in archi- accomodations have been an unex-
tecture as to be dim, congested, pected problem during the last few
and confusing. The library itself is years. Again and again buildings de-
growing lustily. About $3,000 is signed to take care of reasonable
spent annually for new books mak- growth for future years have in a sur-
ing the general collection good, prisingly short period proved inade-
while the Art Department, partly ciuate, crowded, limited,
because of its liberal endowment It may seem that we have departed
fund, is decidedly above the aver- a long way from that pessimistic re-
age for a library of the size. The mark of the financial prophet, but
Children's Room also deserves spe- surely all development along the line
cial mention and praise for the sue- I have just shown is as great evi-
cessful effort it makes to attract and dence of prosperity as banking depos-
hold children of all ages and nation- its or retail sales, and groups itself
alities. The fact that as many as with these to show how far from dead
four hundred children often gather Manchester has proved itself to be
there between six and nine o'clock, in the last twenty years. Is it safe to
shows their interest and eagerness conclude that similar remarks and

TWENTIETH CENTURY MANCHESTER

127

dire prophecies that we hear today
will prove equally fallacious?

We do not wish to be foolishly and
blindly optimistic but to realize that
with the intelligent co-operation of
all her citizens, Manchester can sur-
mount her problems in a difficult
time, and, with the splendid advance-
ment of the past twenty years for a
foundation upon which to build, con-
struct a finer, more progressive and
pro.sperovis city.

It IS true that competition with the
St)uth in the textile mdustry is keen.
Cotton mills have sprung up through-
out the South, and these firms have
many obvious advantages, against
which, however, those of New Eng-
land, which have made the section so
powerful in the cotton world, can
hold their o\vi\ if every one will co-
o])erate. New ct)nditions have arisen,
but we are not alone in be-
lieving that New England industry,
through increased efficiency, through
that initiative and resource heretofore
characteristic of our business men.
must and can overcome any economic
handicap which may exist now or in
the future. "No management which
manages," declares Henry W. Denni-
son of Dennison Manufacturing Co.
in speaking on the problem of 48-hour
week in New Hampshire, "wishes to
run forever in the same grooves. The

best management steps out and meets
the future, the merely good meets the
demands of the times."

Of this co-operation, of this capa-
city of our business men competently
to meet all future demands it seems
Air. Frank Carpenter and others are
sure enough to be willing to invest
$1,000,000 in a new civic enterprise, a
hotel. For many years Manchester
has severely felt the need of a really
fine hotel. Several attempts have been
made to meet this commercial and
social want, but the time has not
seemed right until now. Can we not
receive this as an augury of good
times coming? Can we not also find
encouragement over the prospect of
a new Country Club? We cannot
forsee now what other steps will be
taken for the general welfare, but the
unforeseen has happened in the imme-
diate past, and with a bad interval
completed and a new period .starting
auspiciously we can hope with some
confidence, provided we will help, that
the next twenty years will carry us
an equal distance forward.

It is not hard to foretell that citi-
zens of Manchester in 1943 will smile
as wonderingly and indulgently on the
gloomy prophecies (jf 1923 as we
do today on the doom pronounced
on Manchester by the credit man
in 1900.

COLONIAL DAMES MAKE PRIZE OFFER

The readers of this magazine will
be interested in the announcement by
the New Hami)shire St)ciety of the
Colonial Dames of America of a prize
of one hundred dollars for the best
monograph on a subject from the his-
tory of New Hampshire prior to the
}ear 1775.

Competition for this prize is open
to any person who is a resident of
New Hampshire or a student (grad-
uate or undergraduate) of Dartmouth
or of the New Hampshire State Col-

lege, or of St. Anselm's College.

To meet the requirements the mon-
ograph must contain at least 10,000
words. It must be prepared in a
scholarly manner with full foot-note
references to authorities, and with a
complete biblography.

All manuscripts must be in the
hands of the chairman of the Com-
mittee of Historic Research by De-
cember 1, 1923. This Committee will
be glad to give further information
to those interested.

THE BROOKES MORE PRIZE WINNER

Helen Mowe Philbrook Is Given Award

OUR editorial prophecy that the appearing in the 1922 issues of the

judges in the Brookes More con- Granite Monthly goes to Helen

test were not going to have an easy Mowe Philbrook for her poem. "The

task to select the winner was amply Turning of the Tide" appearing in the

fulhlled. March issue. Miss Philbrook lives

Miss Converse in the Atlantic in California now but she really be-
Monthly office in Boston, Dean Holli- long-s to Tilt(,)n. N. H., where her
day in the University of Toledo, and family lived for many years.
Professor Rand at Massachusetts In addition to the prize winning
Agricultural College read and studied poem, the judges were of the opinion
the files of the magazine and made that special mention should be made
their selections. Then they exchanged of the following poetry : New Houses,
lists — and were dismayed at the by Cora S. Day ; Return, Spring
variance shown. It seemed almost Flame, and Last Days, by Harold
impossible to come to a decision. But V'inal ; To Those Who Come After,
they went at it again, and by weigh- by A. A. D ; My Song That Was a
ing and considering and analyzing Sword, by Hazel Hall ; Haven of Lost
they at last reached an agreement Ships, by Erwin F- Keene ; My
which we know will meet the approval Arcady, by E. R. Musgrove; Sonnet
of all our readers. (on the Commonplace), by Louise P.

The award of fifty dollars for the Guyol ; Dreams, and The Alien, by

best poem in regular metrical form Lilian S. Keech.

THE TURNING OF THE TIDE

The Prize Winning Poem

By Helen Mowe Philbrook

We talked, the half -remembered sea l)eside, —

Blent with our words its murmurous voice and low ;
Idly we watched the silvering grasses blow.

And now a sail the beryl harbor ride.

And now a tilting curlew, circling wide.

One moment thus — the next the wind's warm flow
Quickened and chilled ; cried one with eyes aglow,

"Oh hark! It is the turning of the tide!"

With far clear call the gre:it deej) veered once more
With swelling breast to the forsaken shore ;
The sea flower drooping in its em])tie(l pool
Lifted and lived in flooding waters cool.

So felt I once faith's turning- ebb tide roll
Across the withering blossoms of my soul.

vJhy Oani' tny douahien
bcfve a morn io fhz
dormitory ''

Rooms In Dormitories Are So Scarce That More Than Hale
THE Girls Must Live Elsewhere

MAKING TEACHERS AT KEENE

A Problem Which Presses for Solution

Illustrations bv Muriel Cox

Ifs a

wet-

/ong,
—^ ^

It's a long wet walk each morn to breakfast,

It's a long walk at n(H)n,

It's a long dark walk on rainy evenings

From the library to our rooms

If the wise men our parents sent to Concord

Had to tramp like you and me.

They'd be glad to vote appropriations

For Keene's dormitory.

SO sing the stiidetits at Keene Nor-
mal as they tfanip back and forth
in the deep snows of this hard
winter from the
school grotmds,
where they all
meet for recita-
tions and meals,
to their rooms
scattered through-
out the city. For
rooms in the
school dormitory,
eagerly sought
and over crowd-
ed, are so scarce
that more than
one-half of the
girls must see\'
living ((uarters
elsewhere.

T he Nor m a 1
School at Keene
has in fact grown

so rapidly that it now finds it-
self in the serit)us situation of not

having:

rooms enottgh to house its

students, nor dining room space
large enough to properly feed them.
Such a condition is not only proving
detrimental to the training and
instruction given at the school itself,
Intt is vitally affecting the welfare and

efficiency of our
wh o 1 e public
school system.
"The one most
\ essential improve-
ment necessary, in
order that we may
have s tt ffi c i e n t
trained teachers
for our schools,"
declares the New
Hampshire State
Board of Educa-
tion, "is the con-
struction of an ad-
ditional dormitory
in connection with
the Keene Nor-
mal School," and
a bill lies before
the legislature rec-

130

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Growth of the Normal School Has Outstripped Housing Facilities

ommending an immediate appropria-
tion of $225,000, for the constrnction
of such a dormitory and for increased
dining room capacity.

$225,000! It is quite a large sum
for a state of the size of New Hamp-
shire, and at a time when strict econ-
omy and a cutting down of expenses
is not only a popular demand but a
governmental necessity.

What i.s this situation, this problem
which our state board of education
thinks so serious and of such import-
ance? Many of us know very little
about our Normal schools, their needs
and problems. Many of us know lit-
tle about the intimate relationship be-
tween good and well equipped normal
schools and the right education for
our children. And yet it is upon us,
citizens of New Hampshire, through
our representatives in the legislature,
that all responsibility must rest for
the best usefulness and efficiency of
these normal schools.

We have in the state two normal
schools, Keene and Plymouth, both
of which are crowded beyond their
capacity. The growth of the Keene
Normal School indeed has been phe-
nomenal. Starting only twelve years
ago with 26 students, it has increased
at such a rate that in 1922 it had an
enrollment of 281.

But though the school has thus
grown nearly 300 per cent the appro-

priations for maintenance in the same
length of time have only increased
about 100 per cent, with the result
that the demand for trained teachers
and the growth of the normal school
have far outstripped any housing fa-
cilities now available. Two very un-
fortunate .situations have arisen from
this condition ; a shortage of trained
teachers in the state and a real hard-
ship and handicap to the students and
faculties of the schools themselves.

The Keene Normal School can
house in its own dormitories less than
one half of its student body. The
others board in rooms scattered
throughout the city at a cost to the
state which next year will amount
to $13,000. and which results in a per
cajMta cost to the state nearlv twice
as large as that of rooms in the dor-
mitory building. The dining-room
space too is so small that meals are
now served in two shifts.

All this not only makes it extreme-
ly difficult for the management in
])lanning its school program, etc., but
it causes a very unsatisfactory situa-
tion in respect to the proper super-
vision of the girls, which is not only
desirable but is expected by the
parents. It has also involved a real
hardship on the .students who in all
kinds of weather are obliged to go
back and forth from their rooms to
meals and recitations.

MAKING TEACHERS AT KEENE

131

One Phase or the Problem ok Unprepared Teachers

I'erhaps even more serious is the
sliortage in our state of trained teach-
ers resulting from this lack of hous-
ing facilities. Of the two thousand
teachers in our elementary schools
fully one-third are practically un-
trained. Every year we have to fur-
nish to our public school system about
350 new teachers. Of these only a
little over one-third are furnished by
our normal schools. One-third of the
vacancies are filled by teachers from
other states who come here only
temporarily, and who usually want to
return to their own states when op-
])ortunity arises, and the remaining
third are untrained. How to furnish
two hundred additional teachers from
our own schools? This is the prob-
lem which the state board thinks of
such importance and so necessary to
the welfare of our public school sys-
tem.

That one-third of our public school
teachers are untrained is an unfortu-
nate condition and one that all must
agree should not be permitted to con-
tinue. Untrained teachers mean poor-
ly instructed children. We want our
children in New Hampshire to have
as good an education and as good a
preparation for meeting life as the
children of Massachusetts or other
states. "We can at once assume,"
says the State Board of Education,
"that all the people of New Hamp-

shire believe in good .schools. The
welfare of the state in the next gen-
eration depends on the right educa-
tion of the boys and girls of this gen-
eration The foundation of our

whole school system rests upon the
quality of our teachers and their qual-
ity is largely dependent upon the
training and instruction given in our
state normal schools."

New Hampshire has a right to be
proud of her normal school in Keene.
Under the able and progressive man-
agement of Wallace E. Mason, the di-
rector, during the twelve years of its
life, it not only has come to be
eighth in size of the eighteen New
England Normal Schools, but now
ranks among the best of this country
in respect to academic standing.
One of the especially well thought
out and thorough departments of the
Keene Normal School course is the
practice work. Through a very fav-
orable contract made with the local
school 1)oard the Keene Normal
School students have the oppor-
tunity of having eighteen weeks de-
voted to this important side of the
training ; that is, the actual practice
in teacing in the schools. This is an
especially long period of time as
many of the New England normal
schools are able to give only twelve
weeks to such work.

The tuition is free, the only stu-

132

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

^^>g>Ml

dent expense being $5 per week,
which covers the cost to the state for
board. Each student, however, is
required to teach in the state the
same number of years that he or she
attends the normal school. Failing
to do this, a fee of $100 must be
paid for each
year. In this way
the state is able
to more surely
get a reasonable
return on the
money it expends
in training teach-
ers.

There is a splen-
did atmosphere in
the school of hard
work and earnest
])urpose. The stu-
dents are of course
drawn from the
very best class of
young i)eo])le in
the state, and any-
one visiting a
gathering of the
student body is
impressed with
a happ}'. healthy
grou}) they are.
of them earn a
their expenses

§:;::ggA-^^ bA

and skis and the necessary material
for a "bacon bat."

As for social life, there is a glee
club, a school orchestra, a debating
club, the Y. W. C. A., the de La Salle
club, the French club, the Outing
Club. etc. There are social parties

and dances held
in the school hall
and there are the
"Sunday Morning
Sings" and the
Sundav

,A->-"2$'c5"

firelight

evenmg
gather-

ings

Mkals Are Served in Two Shifts
of

In this con-
nection one of the
interesting courses
of instruction given
to the entering
students is a class
in customs and
manners, where
recognized rules
of etiquette, good
manners and social
usages are ex-
plained and also
taught.

All this goes
to make two or
three vears of

great man}

part or all of
Last year the stu-
dents earned $1,8C0 working in the
serving room, waiting on the table,
etc.. and over $1,500 by acting as
substitute teachers in the neighbor-
ing towns.

The students come to Keene to
work, but in their spare moments
much is done for their physical and
social welfare. There is. for instance,
a gymnasium, a school physician, a
school nurse, a physical director, and
a dean who keeps a constant watch
over the health of each student.
Outdoor sports are encouraged, and
it is not an uncommon sight to see on

hard work and pleasant, wholesome
recreation never to be forgotten,
years which develop the student
into a trained efficient and com-
])etent teacher, prepared intelligently
to conduct a school and usefully and
gracefully to take her place in any
community.

But things have come to a stand-
still now with the Keene Normal
School. There are adequate school
rooms, housing facilities, and in fact
a full equipment for turning out many
more teachers if there were but suit-
able housing facilities. In other
words, b}- increasing the present plant
to the proper unit the school could
provide all the teachers needed by the

a Saturday a group of thirty or more state each year at a less expense per
members of the Outing Club starting capita than ever before has been ac-
olT for a winter's hike with snowshoes complished in New Hampshire.

MAKING TEACHERS AT KEENE

133

Without this additional dormitory
space and increased dining r(K)m fa-
cilities the Normal School at Keene
must not onl_\' cease
to grow hut tlie
])ul)l.c school system
in New Hampshire
must continue to
struggle under the
handicap of untrained
and unprepared teach-
ers.

What will the New
Hampshire legislatttre
do in meeting this
situation?

"A study of public
education in New
Hampshire," declares
Huntley N. Spaulding,
chairman of the State
Uoard of Education,
"shows an almost un-
interrupted progress
for a long period of
years with a decided

the i)ast

legislators

Under the Progressive Manage-
ment OF W. E. Mason, the
School Has Come to Rank High

advance during

sider for a moment a backward step."
"Aly experience with the different
this year has led me to
believe they are, as
a whole, men who
are taking their re-
sponsil)ilities serious-
ly and are anxious
to do what they be-
lieve is for the inter-
est t)f the State of
New Hampshire, hav-
ing in mind always
that the State is sitre
to receive valtie for
any expenditure of
of money. I believe
they will give this
subject sufficient con-
sideration and come
to the conclusion
that the construction
of this dormitory
would be a very great
contributory factor in
the development of
1 facilities of the

four years the educationa

under the ])resent educational law, it State, thereby making New Hamp-

\vouId be hard to believe that the shire a better place in which to

present administration would con- live."

A PRAYER FOR A NATION

By Carl Holt.iday

What was it for — that agony of strife.

1diat hurricane of death, .that tide of blood

So lately swei)t across our shores of life?

WHiat was the meaning? Why that vexed flood

Of sorrow, scorn, remorse, and prayer, high vows

( )f nobler days to come? When all arottnd

A fiercer lust for gold! That which endows

The soul with light but laughed to scorn! The wound

()( toilers opened sore again by Gain

Insatiable! False propaganda, lies,

C"<)nsj)iracies oi silence o'er the stain

Where, crushed with wealth, a nation's Ideal dies!

God, stay Th}- hand! In patience, stay Thy hand!

Spare }-et from sottish greed our native land.

The Old NaxMe is Still Attached to the Ashley Ferry

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY

Is There a Historical Basis for the Tradition?

By George B. Upham

THE name Ashley is a familiar
one in Claremont. Even late
comers know it as attJ.ched to
the old and interesting ferry across
the Connecticut chartered in 1784. It
seems probable that the Ashleys had
operated this ferry several years prior
to obtaining- a charter. It is still in
operation and a picturescjue relic of
the past.

Of the seventy grantees, common-
ly called proj^rietors, named in the
town charter, October 26th. 1764.
the Ashleys. Colonel Samuel, Captain
Oliver and Lieutenant Samuel, Jr.,
were the only ones who ever came
to live in Claremont. The Town His-
tory tells little about them, and even
less about the east and west line, six
miles long, which came to bear their
name. Since this line may have had
something to do with the temporary
attachment of their family name to
the town or locality, it seems worth
while to state where and what it was,
and is, for in common with the re-
markable persistence of property

lines the world over, many property
boundaries in Claremont are fixed to-
day l)y this Ashley Line.

On the Proprietors' Map of Clare-
mont, drawn on a sheepskin, proba-
l)ly in the fall of 1766, or winter of
1767, may be seen a line parallel to
and about five hundred and eighty
rods north of the town's south
lx)undary. This straight line crosses
the Great Road near the schoolhouse
at the fork of the roads about half a
mile southwesterly from Claremont
Junction, and half a mile north of the
road branching to the ferry, crosses
the Bible Hill road a few rods south
of the trolley line, cuts Sugar River
twice a little north of its sharp right-
angled bend about a mile east from
the village, — the easterly of the two
cuts is near the mouth of "Quobbin-
night Brook," — and again crosses
the river very near the Newport
line. ^

On the Proprietor's Map the land
north of the Ashley Line looks very
different from that south of it; for

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY L35

north of the line nearly all of the land if set otf in shorter and wider par-
is marked out into numbered paral- allelograms. The remainder of the
lelograms representing- fifty and hun— large tract south of the line, contain-
(Ired acre lots, while on the south ing about five thousand acres, was
the space is left blank. This is due set ofif to fourteen influential Proprie-
to the fact that at the first meeting tors including the three Ashleys, ap-
of the Proprietors all of the land parently to be held by them in corn-
south of the line had been appropri- mon until they should agree upon a
ated in very large shares by officials division of the land ; but no division
of the colony and influential proprie- was ever made, for before the settlers
tors ; most of it was held by them in came. Col. Ashley had bought all or
common ; while at the second meeting nearly all of the land south of the
of the Proprietors, a few weeks later. line except the Governor's farm. It
a committee had been appointed to is. therefore, not surprising that the
"lott out ye remaining [northern] line became known as the Ashley
jiart of said Town in such manner as Line, nor is it. with such ownership
thev shall judge most proper and re- and the prominence of the family,
turn a Plan thereof to the Proprie- surprising that the town, or at least
tors."' The small lots north of the die southern half of it. became known
line were distributed to Proprietors for a time as Ashley. That the three
of lesser consequence. Ashleys were prominent in the Prov-
At the first meeting of the Proprie- ince, later the State, also in the
tors. February 2. 1767. the large tract County and Town, is attested by sev-
south of that line, nearly one-third of eral hundred entries in the records,
the entire town, and containing more many of them printed in the volumes
than seven thousand acres, had been of New^ Hampshire State Papers. In
set ofif as follows : Five hundred Claremont's charter Samuel Ashley
acres in the southeast corner to the was appointed to give notice of the
Governor; three hundred and fifty first Meeting and was also appointed
acres each to his brother, brother-in- the Moderator thereof. He acted in
law and nephew, — all members of the that caj^acity at both the first and
Governor's Council. — three hundred second meetings of the Proprietors,
and fifty acres each to Lieutenant He. his sons and his coadjutator. Col.
Governor John Temple. Col. John Josiah Willard. managed the business
Gofife and Col. William Symes. of the newly fledged township in a
These two colonels had long been way to suit their own fancies, friends
prominent in afTairs. military and civil, and fortunes, particularly the latter,
in western New Hampshire. The six for. prior to the Revolution, the busi-
three-hundred-and-fifty acre allotments ness was mainly speculation in land,
were, curiously enough, set ofif in Col. Ashley was named as a gran-
narrow strips more than five miles tee in the charters of Dupplin. later
long, extending east from the Cover- Lempster, of Winchester and Hins-
nor's farm to the Newport line, but dale, all in 1753; of Grantham in 1767;
they were only thirty rods wide, of Grafton in 1769; of Jefferson in
Perhaps it was thought that in long 1772; also of several townships in the
narrow strips the recipients would be New Hampshire Grants, now Ver-
more likely to receive a fair share of mont ; among these historic West-
hill and meadow, field and forest, than minster in 1752. and even more his-

(1) The tradition, heard related in the writer's boyhood, was that Quobbinnight Brook received

its quaint name (See Walling's Map of Sullivan Courty. 1860.) from the following circumstance:
Re.sidents of a place called Quobhin in Maspachvsette hsd come up to spy out thei land with a view

to "squatting," and had camped near the 1 rook. Purchasers of land rights from the Proprietors,
learning of this intention, had no (desire for their companv. They accordingly gathered at night in
the near-by woods, discharged their muskets and imitated Indian war-hoops. The Quobbinites
hastily departed, never to return, Tbe unique character of the name lends credence to this tradition.

136

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

toric Windsor in 1761. In the Wind-
sor charter Col. Ashley's name was
the first of the grantees; he was ap-
pointed Moderator, and. as in the
charter of several other townships his
sons, Oliver and Samuel Jr., were also
named among the grantees.

The personal and private work of
the Ashleys was, as we have seen,
dealings in charters and lands. Their
public work was, mainly, in that
great world event, the American Rev-
olution. Col. Ashley was a member
of the several Provincial Congresses
convened at Exeter in 1774 and 1775,
later a member of the General As-
sembly of the State. In May 1775 he
was selected one of the nine who con-
stituted the famous Committee of
Safety for the Province. In January
1776 he was elected a member of the
Council which with the Committee of
Safety to a large extent managed the
government and affairs of the state
during the Revolution. He raised a
regiment of which he was commis-
sioned colonel. In March 1779 he
wa.s chosen one of the two represen-
tatives to the Continental Congress ;
but for some reason declined to
serve ; perhaps, like many others dis-
gusted with the inefficiency of that
body, he felt that he could be of more
service by continuing his work in the
state and in the army. On the day
of sending in this declination he was
appointed one of a committee "to
confer with Ira Allen, Esq.. agent
for the people of the f^Iacc called Ver-
mont." He was appointed a mem-
ber of many other important com-
mittees by the General Assembly.

At the head of his regiment he
marched to the defence of Ticonde-
roga in May 1777; he served a.s Brig-
ade Major on the staff of General
Stark, and continued in the service
under General Gates until the sur-
render of Rurgoyne at Saratoga.
A letter from General Gates, no verv

certain compliment, commends his
work in that campaign. He probably
did as much if not more than any
other subordinate officer in the
prompt mustering of the very efficient
New Hampshire troops during the
Revolution. His eldest son, Oliver,
represented "Clairmont" in the Fourth
Provincial Congress. On July 1st
1775. Oliver, with Jonathan Childs of
Lyme, was appointed to confer wnth
the Congress in Massachusetts, and
the Assembly in Rhode Island and
Connecticut, respecting "the situation
of Ticonderaga, Crown Point &
Canada & the Frontiers of New York
cK- New Hampr, . ... & relative to any
plan of operations in those parts."
From the official report that he
traveled 976 miles — a long distance
on horseback, — in the discharge of
his duties between May 17th and
November 16th, 1775 we gather that
Captain Ashley was fairly active at
that time. He w^as captain of the
Claremont company which marched
from "Number Four" on August 17,
1777. to fight at the battle of Benning-
ton, his brother Samuel Jr., was a
lieutenant in the company. This
necessarily brief relation does scant
justice to the efforts of the Ashleys
in the settlement of the town and in
the Revolution ; but it suffices, in
some degree, to show why the locality
might have been called by their
name.

But, was it ever called Ashley?
What evidence can be produced to
jirove the assertion and if produced
with what degree of certainty can
such evidence be relied upon ?

Of local evidence we have, at pres-
ent, none to offer, and little of any
sort emanating from places nearer
than London and Paris, but from those
cities we have contemporaneous maps,
compiled by the best cartographers

then living.

To he continued

THE EDITOR STOPS TO TALK

About the Good Old Days

DISHES aiul (lusting have a philo-
sophic efTect upon us. We al-
ways recite poetry, preferably
l)salms. over a dishpan, and in the pro-
cess of getting the Granite Monthly
moved into its new quarters in the
Patriot I'uilding, dusting and cata-
loguing cuts and hooks and putting old
hies to rights, we have been evolving
a philosophy of moving which in our
estimation will compare favorably with
Thomas Carlyle's philosophy of clothes.
We haven't worked out details yet.
We've got only as far as the main
thesis which is that living to-dav is like
living in the midst of a perpetual furni-
ture moving performance. One is
neither here nor there. Hence con-
fusion which would l)e resolved to sim-
])licity could one move the clock back-
wards or forwards a few years.

For instance, there may be some satis-
faction in living when the U. S. Army
Air Service gets the upper hand of
man's old enemy weather. In those
days Dartmouth, desiring fair weath-
er for carnival day, won't have to go to
the expense of weather insurance.
They'll just send up an air-sweep to
electrocute the clouds and clear up the
blue.

Assuredly the times to come have
some advantages.

On the whole, however, our vote is in
favor of moving back the clock to the
Good Old Days.

And strangely enough we believe a
secret ballot of the Legislature would
reveal a similiar lack of the progressive
spirit. Not a few of the law-makers
sigh — we have heard them — for the
good old days when voting was simpli-
fied by the presence of the high oracle
just across the street, when a man's
first duty was to his political boss—
and there was no second duty.

Which is not to say that no one can
get instructions on voting to-day. There
is the solemn J^ox Populi known as
"party mandate." evoked with earnest
prayer wherever legislators congregate.
And there are other "instructions...."
Hut they all lack the finality and some-
thing of the odor of sanctity of the
(Jood ( )](! Davs.

Politics were real adventure then.

( )nly the other day a member of the
[jresent legislature told us that his first
taste of politics came when, as a boy of
fourteen, his father, a political leader in
his little village, sent him through the
autumn woods one night to carry a mes-
sage to a farmer, who with his two
grown sons lived in a lonely little cabin.

The message was —

"Father says tell you he'll give you
sixty dollars for your three cows this
year."

The old farmer smiled shrewdly and
stroked his chin.

"Vou tell your Dad Fve been ofifered
seventy-five dollars for them cows this
year."

And the boy — who was a politician
even in those days — swallowed hard
and said :

Tn that case, Father said I was to
ofifer you seventy-five dollars for your
three cows."

"You tell your father that he shall
have the cows !"

And with no mention of politics, no
l)othersome arguments about issues or
personalities, the political deal was
closed and the boy went home to report
a successful campaign to his father.

The teller of the story is an earnest
and upright statesman. He would
scorn to traffic in votes to-day. But as
he tells the story of that moonlight ride
years ago his eyes light up with gleam
of regretful reminiscence and longing
for the Good Old Days.

138

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Romance and picturesqueness belong
hack there. Not so very far back some
of it. The other evening at the Gover-
nor's Ball we saw the Governor's staff
standing behind the receiving line in
drab khaki uniforms. Governor's staffs
used to be resplendent in gold lace. The
war changed that.

And they tell us that time was when
Governors reviewed troops from the
l)ack of a prancing white horse. That
custom, we understand, was abandoned
because of the death of the only horse
in the state with a spirited but gentle
]>rance. But it was a good custom
vvliile it lasted.

All these pictures appeal to us. But
the one around which our memory —
vicarious memory, that is, collected from
the tales of those who have really known
the past — plays most fondly is one of
the early days of the Granite Month-
ly when the editor used to solicit sub-
scriptions through the countryside. In
an old buggy, behind a leisurely old
horse, he made his way along the sunny
country roads, stopping at the farms
along the way. Sometimes his sub-
scribers gave him eggs and potatoes to
pay for the subscriptions. Sometimes
there were home-made toys for the
little daughter who sat beside him in
the old buggy. And as he went along
from house to house, he built up friend-
shi]3s with the people to whom, each
month, he sent out his magazine.

That's what we envy him. We'd
give a good deal to be able to drop in to
see you for a social call this afternoon
and let you tell us just what you'd like
to see done with the Granite Month-
ly. Perhaps we shall do it one of these
days. Meanwhile we can only thank
those of you who are kind enough once
in a while to write us friendly letters,
and to assure you that the office of the
Granite Monthly is never such a
busy place that the editors cannot stop
to chat with friends of the magazine.
Drop in and see us when you come this
way. ' H. F. M.

Announcements

The time limit on the prize contest
for high-school boys and girls, an-
nounced in the October issue of the
Granite Monthly, has been extended
to May 1. This will give our con-
testants a little more time to polish
off their work and some good essays
should result-

We have been fortunate in secur-
ing as judges for this contest three
persons who are well qualified for the
work from both a literary and an
educational standpoint. IMr. Harlan
l^earson, former editor of the Granite
Monthly, certainly needs no intro-
duction to readers of this magazine.
Mrs. Alice S. Harriman of Laconia
and Mr. Walter S. May are both mem-
bers of the State Board of Education.
Mr. May is Deputy Commissioner.
Mrs. Harriman has been active in
many forms of public service, includ-
ing woman's club work.

We are very glad to announce that
Miss Vivian Savacool, wdio is the
author of "Twentieth Century Man-
chester" in this issue, has consented
to undertake the management of our
book review department.

There is a rapidly growing opinion
on the part of those who have studied
New England's farm situation that if
we are to continue to maintain our
agricultural positon we must do it not
by attempting to turn out great
quantities of material as the great
western states do, but rather by put-
ting our energies toward qualitv pro-
duction. An example of what is al-
ready being done along these lines
liere in New Hampshire is afforded
b\- our dairy industry. The series of
articles on "Leading Dairy Herds"
which will begin in the March
(jRANiTE Monthly will tell the stories
of some of the important ventures
which have succeeded. No herd will
be included in this series w^hich is not
l)eing conducted on a business basis.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Steel

By Charles Rum ford Walker
Boston, Atlantic Monthly Company

IN the spring of 1919. a young man against a night sky. Then the glow
just returned from France looked left, and went out of my thinking,
out across the mud of Camp Eus- Each ingot became a number of wheel-
tis and tried to map out the new fu- barrow loads of mud, pushed over a
ture ahead of him. With the idealism rough floor, Fred's judgment of the
born of his war experience, he de- carbon content, and his watching
manded of that future something through furnace peepholes. The la-
more than a livelihood. He wanted "a dlefuls ceased as steel, becoming
chance to discover and build under thirty-minutes' sledging through stop-
the new social and economic condi- page for four men, the weight of man-
tions." He found this chance in en- ganese in my shovel, and the clatter
li.stment as a private in the industrial of the pieces that hit the rail, sparks
army of America's basic industry, on my neck burning through a blue
steel : he went to work on an open handkerchief, and the cup of tea I had
hearth furnace near Pittsburg. with Jock, cooked over hot slag at

As he worked he .set down, simply, 4:00 a. m.
directly, without any attempt to ex- Still others will see in the book an

ploit a theory, without retouching the arraignment of an industrial system —

lines of his pictures, a simple chroni- an arraignment poignantly summed

cle of every day — "of sizzling nights ; up in the words of the Italian third-

of bosses, friendly and unfriendly ; helper — "To hell with the money, no

of hot back-walls and a good first- can live."

helper; of fighting twenty-four-hour But perhaps those to whom the

turns; of interesting days as hot-blast liook -will mean the most are those

man ; of dreaded five-o'clock risings, who read it simply as a tale of men

and quiet satisfying suppers ; of what working together, and who find its

men thought, and didn't think." primary value in its human quality, its

It is safe to say that "Steel" will C[uick sense of the significance of

appeal to you. It is not so easy, small events. One incident is enough

however, to tell just what you will to illustrate the point and to give the

find in it. Some, perhaps, will find keynote of the book:
chiefly the charm of letters home from As third-helper on the open hearth,

a New Hampshire boy, a vivid de- Mr. Walker's job was to carry out

scription of a unique and colorful ex- the orders of the Anglo Serbian sec-

perience, through which a familiar ond-helper who, in moments of stress,

personality is seen and enjoyed. delivered these orders in a mingled

Others will find an epic of a great stream of profanity, Serbian, and
industry — there are passages of .sheer broken English. Clinging to a few
dramatic power equalling, if not sur- familiar words, the third-helper ex-
passing, anything which Herges- ecuted the instructions, as he under-
heimer has written. "An express train stood them, only to find, time after
shot into view in the black valley — time, that he had missed the point
I thought of the steel in the locomo- entirely.

tive, and thought it back quickly into "It suddenly occurred to me one

sheets, bars, blooms, back then into day, after some one had bawled me

the monumental ingots as they stood, out picturesquely for not knowing

fiery from the open-hearth pouring, where .something was that I had never

140

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

heard of, that this was what every
immigrant Hunky endured ; it was a
matter of language largely, of under-
standing, of knowing the names of
things, the uses of things, the lan-
guage of the boss. Here was this Ser-
bian second-helper bossing his third-
helper largely in an unknown tongue,
and the latter getting the full emo-
tional experience of the immigrant. I
thought of Bill, the pit boss, telling
a Hunky to do a clean-u]) job for
him; and when the Hunky said,
'What?' he turned to me and said:
'Lord! but these Hunkies are dumb.'

"Most of the false starts, waste
motion. misunderstandings, fights,
burnings, accidents, nerve-wrack, and
desperation of soul would fall away
if there were understanding — a com-
mon language, of mind as well as
tongue."

"Steel" has a special interest for
New Hampshire people because Mr.
Walker is a son of Dr. Charles R.
Walker, who was a well-known and
well-loved physician in Concord. Mr.
W'alker is a Yale graduate and is at
present associated with the Atlantic
Monthly.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

MISS VIVIAN SAVACOOL. who
writes of "Twentieth Century Manches-
ter" with such confident optimism, is a
new graduate of Smith College in the
class of 1922. Coming back to her
home at a critical time in the history of
the citv. she has been interested to study
into the matter and look at the begin-
nings and causes of conditicMis. The re-
sults of her studies appear in this article
and the article which will be published
next month.

MR. GEORGE B. UPHAM'S his-
torical articles have been for years a
valuable and popular feature in the
Granite Monthly. This month he
begins a series on some little known
phases of the history of his old family
home — Claremont. The series has to do
with the almost legendary time "When
Claremont was called Ashley" but Mr.
Uphani has .some ma])S tt) bring the
legends to a solid basis of fact.

Last month MR. HENRY B. STE-
VENS of New Hampshire College
appeared in capacity of factory superin-

tendent of New Hampshire's "Educa-
tional Plant." This month he has
shifted his job to that of moving picture
l)r('du<'er. The scenario — "The College
and Potatoes" — shows graphically the
vital relation which has come to exist
between the state college and the agri-
cultural welfare of New Hampshire.

MR. ARTHUR JOHNSON who is
compiling for the Granite Monthly an
"Antholog}- of One Poem Poets" is well
known as a writer of short stories which
a])pear in many of the most prominent
magazines, and which have more than
once been included in Mr. O'Brien's
anthologies of "The Best Short Stories"
of the year. Mr. Johnson is also the
author of "Under the Rose."

The pen and ink sketches illustra-
ting "Making Teachers at Keene" are
drawn by MISS MURIEL COX. who
is a graduate of the Massachusetts Nor-
mal Art School and is now head of the
Art Department of the Keene Normal
School.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

Sherman E. Burroughs

SHERMAN E. BURROUGHS

Slierman E. Burroughs our retiring
Congressman from the First District, died
in Washington on January 17, 1923, as a
result of an attack of influenza. In his
death New Hampshire lost one of her
most enlightened, successful and faithful
public men.

He was l)orn in Dunbarton, February 6,
1870; the oldest son of John H. and Helen
(Baker) Burroughs. Receiving his gram-
mar and high school education in the pub-
lic schools, in 1888 he competed in the ex-

aminations for West Point cadetsliip and
won the highest rank, but owing to the
wishes of his parents lie declined the ap-
pointment that resulted and entered Dart-
mouth College wliere he graduated in 1894.
In Dartmouth he won many honors. In
his Sophomore year he took the second
Thayer Prize for proficiency in mathe-
matics and in his Senior year the Rollins-
Nettleton Prize for oratory. He also took
honors at the end of his Sophomore year
for high standing in the prescribed Greek
course and in his Senior for his standing
in philosophy.

142

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

After graduation he became the private
secretary for Congressman Baker and pass-
ed the next three years in Washington
where he attended the law school of the
Colum.l)ian University. Here he graduated
with a Bachelor of Law degree in 1896 and
a Master of Law degree in 1897. Li July
1896 he was admitted to the Bar of the
District of Columbia and to the New
Hampshire Bar in 1897.

In 1901 he became associated with the
late David A. Taggart and James P. Tut-
tle, forming the firm of Taggart, Tuttle &
Burroughs. In November 1906, Mr. Bur-
roughs and Mr. Tuttle retired from the
firm and formed a new partnership known
as Tuttle & Burroughs.

Always a Republican in politics, Mr.
Burroughs was elected to the State Legis-
lature in 1901 from the town of Bow. In
May 1917, he was elected to the United
States House of Representatives for the
First District of New Hampshire to fill
a vacancy caused by the death of Cyrus
A. Sulloway. At the following election, he
was elected to a full term, but declined to
accept the candidacy for another re-elec-
tion, wishing to devote himself to his law
business.

Mr. Burroughs was a member of the
State Board of Charities and became Vice-
President of the State Conference of Chari-
ties and Corrections. He was a member
of the Childrens Aid & Protective Society
and a Trustee of the Orphans' Home at
Concord. He was a member of the Wash-
ington Lodge of Masons, the old-time Re-
publican Tippecanoe Club, and Director
of the Manchester Animal Rescue League.

In April 21, 1898, Mr. Burroughs mar-
ried Helen S. Phillips of Alexandria Coun-
tv, Virginia. He had four sons: Robert
Phillips, John Hamilton, Sherman Everett,
Jr., and Henry Baker Burroughs, all of
whom were born in Manchester.

EX-GOVERNOR CHARLES M. FLOYD

On February 3, 1923, Ex-Governor
Charles M. Floyd, died in Manchester, af-
ter a short illness of typhoid pneumonia.

He was born in Derry, June 5, 1861; one
of a family of eleven children. He attend-
ed the public schools of Derry and Pinker-
ton Academy in that town. On leaving
school he entered the clothing store of his
brother in Haverhill, Mass., gaining there
the experience which later led him to pur-
chase a clothing store in Manchester.

In 1906, he was elected Governor on the
Republican ticket. His administration is
considered one of the most businesslike in
the history of the state. When he left the
Governor's chair, he retired to private life,
but during the W^ar he became State Fuel
Administrator and last year was re-appoint-
ed to the same position during the mine
strike.

Governor Floyd was a member of the
Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias
and Elks and was a member of the Derry-

field and Calumet Club of Manchester. He
was also a Director of several banking or-
ganizations and public service companies
in this state.

In 1886, Governor Floyd married Carrie
E. Atwood of Cambridge, who with his
daughter, Mrs. James Fellows of Man-
chester, survive him.

WILLIAM H. PRENTISS

On February 10, 1923, William H. Pren-
tiss, editor and part owner of the Keene
Evening Sentinel and the New Hampshire
Sentinel, died at the age of 70 years.

Mr. Prentiss was the grandson of John
Prentiss, who founded the New Hamp-
shire Sentinel, one of the oldest weekly
newspapers in the state.

Mr. Prentiss, who was a graduate of
Cornell LTniversity, has been the pioneer
in many movements for the betterment of
his district.

WILLIAM H. C. FOLLANSBY

On February 9, 1923, Wilham H. C. Fol-
lansby, died at Exeter, as a result of pneu-
monia.

Mr. Follansby was born in Tilton, May
1, 1845; the son of William and Mary Ladd
Follansby. In 1875, he came to Exeter
and established a drygoods business in
which he remained until 1900, when he re-
tired to devote his time to the Exeter
Banking Co., of which he was President
for 17 years.

Mr. Follansby was well known in state
politics, being a member of Governor
Floyd's Council in 1907, and a member of
the state Legislature in 1893 and 1895.

He was a Mason of the Knight Templar
order and Treasurer of the Star of the
East Lodge.

In 1866, he married Ella L. Winslow.
She died 15 years ago. Mr. Follansby is
survived by a foster daughter.

JOSEPH D. ROBERTS

On January 12, 1923, Joseph D. Roberts
died at his home in South Berwick, Me.
Born on November 12, 1848 in Rollinsford,
N. H., he was the son of the late Judge
Hiram R. and Ruth (Ham) Roberts.

Mr. Roberts, a democrat, was a member
of the N. H. State Legislature in 1895 and
held practically every office in his home
town, Rollinsford.

He was for some years President of State
Board of Agriculture and was treasurer
of the State Grange for twenty-five years,
in which organization he took an active
part. He was President of the Salmon
Falls Bank, a trustee of the Rollinsford
Savings Bank, an Odd Fellow and member
of the South Berwick Baptist church.

Mr. Roberts is survived by his wife and
three sons, John H.. Hiram H. and Joseph
C, and four daughters, Mrs. Elizabeth
Crocker. Mrs. Clara Henderson, Miss
Dorothy Roberts, and Miss Edith Roberts.

Vol. 5S. No. 4

THE

April, 1923

GRANITE

MONTHLY

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
APRIL 1923 ;

The Month in New Hampshire 145

Franklin : A Town, 1828 —A Citv, 1896 147

Needles and Knitting 163

My Fisherman ( Poem) }[ahcl W . Sazvycr 167

"Boston John" Clark 168

Poems by a Franklin Poet Mabel IV. Sazcycr 169

A Play Day Ellen Bardcn Ford 170

Holsteins That Win //. Styles Bridges 173

When Claremont Was Called Ashley Lieorye B. Uphaiii 177

An Anthology of One Poem Poets Arthur Johnson 180

Legislatures of the Past James O. Lyford 182

Manchester's Debt to the Merrimack Vivian Savacool 185

The Editor Stops to Talk 189

Books of New Hampshire Interest 191

New Hampshire Necrology 192

NEXT MONTH

The Magazine Will Contain

The American Legion in New Hampshire

History, Personalities, Activities, and Plans

Over the Top with Ayershires H. Styles Bridges

The second article on famous dairy herds of N. H.

New Hampshire's Labor Commissioner A. J. L.

A sketch of Commissioner Davie" and his important work

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, fill out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY,
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

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If you have any kind of Real Estate to
sell we can be of service to you and
would be glad to list your property.

Our Insurance department can handle
your Fire and Automobile Insurance
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THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

Vol. SS

No. 4

APRIL 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Legislature and Taxes

FOR the third time within a few Legislature is the conundrum which
years the voters have refused to the Ways and Means Committee of
ratify a Constitutional Amendment en- the House is now trying to solve,
larging the power of the Legislature
to distribute taxes more widely.

The slogans "wide open." "blank
check" joined with the poinilar cry
for economy are probably respon-
sible for 40,737 votes in the negative
and only 20,006 in the aftirmative.

Now that the Amendment is dis-

Li order to clearly determine the
exact extent of these powers the Leg-
islature has asked the Supreme Court
whether it can levy a tax on gasoline,
or a graduated tax on inheritances as
is done in most other states and
whether it can tax the income from
investments at a higher rate than is

posed of we are still confronted with levied on the principal of other prop-

the fact that in 1922 tangible property
paid a tax of $11,000,000. while an
equal amount of intangible property
])aid ..nly $300,000.

All are agreed that this gross in-
justice should at once be rectified.

Only two methods of lightening the
burden on real estate are possible.
The first lies through reduced appro-
priations by the Legislature. Econ-

erty. The answer to these questions
will determine the measure of relief
which this Legislature can accomplish.

The Sheppard-Towner Bill

T^HIS bill, which provides for the co-
-^ operation of the state with the
Federal Bureau in the promotion of
the welfare and hygiene of maternity
and infancy in New Hampshire, is still

omy should therefore be the watch- before the House. It has the sup-
word of this session. But in that con- port in New Hampshire as well as in
nection it is well to remember that other states of a large number of
state expenditures represent only 11% women. The three women legisla-
of our entire tax burden ; the remain- tors, for instance, are solidly behind it,
ing 89% is due to town and county The principal women's organizations
appropriations. The second, and in the state have endorsed it, and re-
more hopeful, method by which the cently a statement in its defense ap-
Legislature can relieve tangible prop- peared in the press signed by such
erty is by finding new sources of women as Mrs. McDufifee, President
revenue to carry a part of the load of the New Hampshire Federation of
which now falls almost exclusively Women's Clubs, Mrs. Lesure, Presi-
on visible property. dent of the New Hampshire League
How this can be accomplished un- of Woman Voters, Mrs. Abbott, Pres-
der the present limited power.s of the ident of the New Hampshire Women's

146

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Christian Temperance Union, and Mrs.
Henderson, Vice-President of the New
Hampshire Parent-Teachers" Asso-
ciation.

"'lliis resolution," writes Dr. Ban-
croft, Chairman of the State Board
of Charities and Corrections, and ex-
President of the New Hampshire
Medical Association, "stands for the
conservation of human Hfe. We have
felt the necessity of conservation of
natural resf)urces for the past twenty
years — forest wealth, mineral vvealth,
agricultural resources, etc. This bill
represents the most important con-
servation of all, namely, that of hu-
man life itself. Let us be consis-
tent.

"If Federal aid is desirable in se-
curing healthy swine, cattle, and trees,
of how much more importance is the
savage of human life!"

Some Other Bills of Interest

nnHE last week of March has been
-■- a busy one for the House and sev-
eral bills of importance have been
disposed of. Two measures, dear to
the hearts of the Democrats, the bill
abolishing the women's poll tax
and the "Home Rule Bill," providing
for the abolishment of the New
Hampshire Police Commissioners and
calling for election by popular vote,
passed the House after a bitter parti-
san debate and on strictly party lines
There was a moment in the career of
the poll tax bill when it looked as
though, for the first time this year a
Democratic bill of importance would
be defeated. Ex-Governor Bass
opened the debate by defending a
compromise measure which provided
for a $2.00 poll tax for both men and
women, instead of $3.00, and then
called for an extra tax of $2.00 to be
placed on men for one year, which
would be sufficient to complete the
payment of the soldiers' bonus.
When the Democratic leader, Nathan-
iel Martin, to every one's surprise
rose in support of this compromise.

the chances began to look very badly
for abolishing the vVomen's Poll Tax.
But after a tie vote, in the roll call
which followed the Democrats passed
the measure by a majority of 11.
Both this bill and the "Home Rule
Bill" will undoubtedly meet defeat in
the Senate. The Sunday base ball
bill, however, which would permit un-
commercial sports to be played Sun-
day and over which there has been
considerable controversy, met with a
very decisive defeat.

To the casual observer the decision
of the House concerning the election
f)f one of the Representatives from
Concord was most extraordinary. For
in spite of the fact that on official re-
count Mr. Carleton, a Democrat, re-
ceived se\ en less votes than Mr.
Kelly, a Republican, the House
decided by a vote of 159 to 142
to seat Mr. Carleton. The Republi-
cans at least were amused by Mi,
I.yford's protest when he declared that
he had "found nowhere in the Demo-
cratic platform that it is necessary to
seat a Democrat who was never
elected."

Still the 48-Hour Issue

T^HOUGH no one in the New Hamp-
-■- shire Legislatvire believes, for a
minute, that anything more can be
done to settle the unsettled 48-hour is-
sue, yet we hear trom time to time oi
attempts on the part of RepuDicans to
carry out their platform pledge of es-
tablishing a fact-finding commission
to study the 48-iiour question. There
was, for instance, the fact-finding
resolution introduced by Mr. Aiken
of Franklin and supported by ex-
Governor Bass wdiich was killed by
a vote of 82 to 156, and then there
was the Ripley fact-finding resolu-
tion, providing for a commission ot
five persons to be appointed by the
Supreme Court to .study this question
and re]K)rt to the 1925 Legislature.
It passed the Senate but will certainly
be killed in the House.

When Harrison was elected President of the United States in 1888, Central Street,
Franklin, looked like this.

FRANKLIN: A TOWN, 1828,--A CITY 1896

A Record of Growth

NEARLY one hundred years ago a
group of citizens living toward
the outskirts of Andover. Salis-
bury, Northfield, and Sanbornton, pre-
sented to the Legislature a petition that
they be allowed to form a new town,
to include parts of each of the four
villages. They claimed that, whereas
it was extremely difficult for them to
participate in the affairs of their tow~ns
as matters then stood, they could readi-
ly do so were the new town center at
the jimction of the various boundaries.
They pointed out. moreover, the develop-
ment of industry along the river.
"There have recently been erected,"
they said, "on the banks of the Winni-
pesaukee River; within the limits of the
proposed new town, a paper-mill and
cotton manufactory, both of which are
now in full and successful operation.
From the great falls in this and other
streams in that vicinity and the inex-

haustible supply of water, there is rea-
son to believe that very extensive man-
ufacturing establishments and other
works requiring waterpower will, at no
distant period, be erected at or near this
spot, in addition to those already there."

The arguments were logical and the
legislature coinmittee reported favor-
ably on the petition ; but because of the
keen opposition in the various towns
the bill was jockiefl back and forth for
four years. Not until December 24,
1828, did the new town receive per-
mission to organize.

The general of the fight. Judge G.
W. Xe smith, whose name stands out in
Franklin's history as one of her most
])ublic-spirited citizens, had cannily ar-
ranged that the boundaries should be
drawn to include the birthplace of
Daniel Webster ; so that the "godlike"
Daniel, having been born in Salisbury,
became, by legislative decree, a Frank-

14«

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Daniel Webster
decree a Era

lin native. The Judge
and others would have
hked t(i call the new
town hy Wehster's
name. hut another
village in New Hamj)-
shire had already
taken that title, and
they selected the
name of Franklin in-
stead after Benjamin
Franklin, whose ca-
reer of puhlic ser-
vice was still fresh
in the mincls of the
people.

Technically speak-
ing, Franklin's his-
tory begins at that
point ; the town
sprang into being as
a well-developed flour-
ishing village, in
which pioneer enterprise had already
worked out the beginnings of in-
dustry and government. Kendall Pea-
bodv's paper mill, forerunner of the
great mills of the International Pa-
per Company, was already in operation
rmd had enlisted in its management the
skill of the young paper maker
from Massachusetts, Jeremiah Daniell,
father of Warren F. Daniell, whose
services to the town make such a sjilen-
did chapter in F'ranklin's history. The
paj)er made in that old mill was largely
a hand-made product ; the operatives
received in the neighborhood of fifty
cents a week for their labors ; but it was
an up-to-date enterprise and one of
which the new town was justly proud.

There was a postoffice, also, and in
the 'Tnstructors School," which suc-
ceeded the famous, though short-lived,
Xoyes Academy, Master Tyler was
giving to the young people a scholarly,
scientific training at least twenty-five
years in advance of the average instruc-
tion of those times.

A toll bridge across the Pemigewas-
set connected the "Republican Village"

'by legislative
nklin native."

with the newer set-
tlements growing up
about the mills. This
bridge was the pre-
decessor of the Re-
l)ublican Bridge which
is still one of Frank-
lin's landmarks. The
rates were :
Ic. person on foot
^c. horse and rider
4c. horse and sleigh
6c. sleigh drawn by
more than one
horse
10c. horse and shais

or other carriage
3/2C. sheep or swine,
and it is said that
the thrifty people of
the town used to ride
to the end of the
bridge, tether their
horses, and walk across, with a con-
siderable saving of money if not of
energy.

For the other activities of the young
town the indefatigable Ebenezer East-
man, justly called the Father of Frank-
lin, seems to have l)een largely respon-
sible. A mill on the Pemigewasset, a
short distance above "the crotch," a
flourishing farm, a tavern, and a store —
these were a few of his interests. And,
in addition, he it was who gave the land
on which, in 1822, the first church in
the town, the Congregational, was
])uilt.

In short Franklin began her inde-
pendent life in 1828 already grown up.
So much so in fact, that nearly twenty
vears before "Daredevil" John Bow-
man, who had come with the pioneers
of the 1750's, had found the rumble of
civilization becoming so loud as to
drown out the wood voices he loved and
had shouldered his gun and gone on in-
to the wilderness. His departure marks
the end of the pioneer period in that
region — and Franklin did not exist,
even a.s an idea, at that time. And yet

FRANKLIN

149

the town may
justly claim a
share in the
pioneer history
of the settle-
ments at the
"crotch" of the
river.

Previous to
1828, the threads
of Franklin's
history are
tangled with
those of the
four towns
which contrib-
uted, albeit un-
willingly, to her
foundation. Her
historv touches

ment on the land
which is now
b'ranklin. But
the group of
grantees, among
whom were
parents of Dan-
iel Webster,
who journeyed
t rom Kingston
in 1749 to take
up their new
possessions were
not the first set-
tlers. To Philip

not only tor Franklin hut for all the towns in the
suri'dunding country.

Call. Nathaniel
The Old Walter Aiken Homestead is now the Maloon, and
I'lanklin Hospital, which does a wonderful work Qi'til-lpi- Rpnn

who established
their homes in

also the history of Massachusetts, for the wilderness in 1748. belongs that
the first heralds of civilization to make honor; and the hardships which they
their way up the Merrimack to the encountered were many and bitter. Na-
"crotch" and then three miles beyond thaniel Maloon's sojourn in the neigh-
were a party of explorers from the borhood was brief. He and his wife and
Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1639 their three children were taken prisoner

those explorers laid out thus the northern
boundaries of Massachusetts as they un-
derstood the terms of their grant, and in
so doing they sowed seeds (of strife
which never came to fruition for the

by the Indians in 1749, carried to Cana-
da, and, the story goes, shipped in a
French vessel bound for France. The
ship was captured by a British man-of-
war and Maloon and his family once

reason that before 1749, when Ebenezer more gained their liberty. Philip Call's
Stevens was given the grant for the experiences were even harder, for in
founding of .Stevenstown, afterwards 1754 his wife was killed by the sav-
rechristened Salisbury, the long quar- ages while he stood concealed near by,
rel over the Mason grants had been set- a helpless witness to the tragedy,
tied, and the boundaries of Massachu- The story of the relations between
setts had receded to the place which the early setders and the Indians in
they now occupy. Had the group of Franklin or elsewhere has never been
veterans of the French and Indian adequately written. The outlines are
Wars, to whom in 1736 the Common- familiar: first, the Indians in full and
wealth of Massachusetts gave a grant undisturbed possession, friendly and
of land at the crotch of the rivers, ful- hospitable to the occasional explorer or
filled the conditions of the grant and trapper that came their way; second, a
settled on their property, the story period of fierce struggle, of blood-curd-
would have been different, and Frank- ling savagery on the part of the red men
lin, with other New Hampshire towns, and of almost equal ruthlessness on the
would have been involved in the long part of the whites ; and third, the
controversy. triumph of white civilization and the
The settlement of Stevenstown, or disappearance of the red man. It is a
Salisbury, was the first formal settle-Mi' tragic story; and to many of us it looks

150

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

.\[!(i\K — Tlic Mojalaka Country Club, one
mile from the business center of
I'Vanklin, is rapidlj' becoming one of
the most important social organiza-
tions of the vicinit}'.

Left — Where Daniel Webster was born.

I'ki.ow — Named in memorx' of Herman
j. Odell of the Franklin Needle
Company. Odell Park is a play-
ground for young and old.

FRANKLIN

151

Daniel Webster used to frequent the shores
of this Lake. He called it Lake Conio, but its
name has since been changed in his honor to
Webster Lake. It is about one mile wide by
three miles long, and along its shores are
many beautiful summer homes belonging to
people from Franklin, from other parts of
New Hampshire, and from many other states.
Its natural beauty makes it an ideal summer
resort.

152

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Hon. Frank N. Parsons was Franklin's fnst
mayor, and is to-day Chief Justice uf the Supreme
Court of New Hampshire.

like the fecord of one
of the white man's ar-
rogant mistakes.

It was our privilege
the other day to stand
among Mr. F. N.
Proctor's wonderful
collection of Indian
relics. And it did nol
take much imagination
to carry our mind hack
from the arrowheads,
the stone axes, the
mortars and pestles ar-
ranged before us, to
the original setting for
these implements, to
see in imagination the
campfire of the Wab-
enaki on the wooded
banks of the river.
There where the Win-

nepesaukee and the Pemige-
wasset join, was a favorite
camp ground of the tribes ;
coming from either branch
of the river, or up the Mer-
rimack, it is probable that
they rested there, perhaps
to exchange stories of ad-
ventitre with other tribes
that came that way. It is
not improbable that those
"inscribed stones," which
form so valuable a part of
I\lr. Proctor's collection,
were designed and executed
in the light of those camp-
fires and exchanged among
the tribes as tokens of good
will. There was one we
rememljer. ])earing the well-
defined otitline of the river's
great bend, which might
well have served the pur-
pose of a souvenir postcard.
Looking at these relics
and thinking of those two
Indian guides, Pontauhum
and Ponbakin, who, "well
accjuainted with Merrimack

Founded in 1871, the Orphans' Home has been carrying
on its valuable service for more than fifty years, and in
spite of the serious fire loss of a few months ago is going
forward to even larger usefulness.

FRANKLIN

153

The new bridge over the Winnipesaukec completed last fall is up-to-the-minute in
construction, and makes a valuable addition to an already beautiful Central Street.

river and the great lake, born and bred
all their daies theretipon,'' were of such
indispensable service to the Endicott ex-
pedition, one wonders whether it might
not have licen possible to maintain the
friendly course when the period of set-
tlement liegan. But it is one thing to
l)!ot out a program of education from
our safe i)oint of vantage ; Philip Call
and his associates, confronted with a
condition not a theory, solved their
problem in the way which seemed to
them direct and practical. Doubtless
we should have done no better.

The settlement of Salisbury, marks
the beginning of the growth of the vil-
lage which was to become Franklin.
Twelve years later Andover and North-
field we're established and in 1764 the
first settlers came to Sanbornton. The
little group of villages, presenting a solid
front to the wilderness, and protected
by a small garrison in the fort, were re-
lieved of the necessity of bending all
Enos K. Sawyer, Secretary of State; ex- ^j^g-^. e^erc^ies to self-preservation. By
Mayor of Franklin; President of the Senate f p.,,nlntion hrnke out thev

in season of 1913

the time the Revolution broke out they

154

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Rev. Stanley Carter Sliernian, A. B. Amherst 1912, B. D. Hartford Theological
Seminary 1915, came to Franklin last December as pastor of Franklin's oldest church,
the Congregational. F'ounded in 1822. this church has a record of more than one hun-
dred years of service. The ground on which it was built was given by Ebenezer East-
man, one of the founders of Franklin. Athough damaged by fire in 19U2, it was speedi-
ly restored and looks to-day much as it looked when the citizens of the town first
built it, a simple white frame I)uilding of the sort frccjucntly seen in our New England
towns.

The Christian Church founded in 1838 was destroyed by fire in 1917, and the
following year this beautiful brick building was built. In the early days the lower
story of the church was used as the town hall. Rev. Arthur A. Richards, formerly
of I'rbana, Illinois, is pastor here. He is a graduate of Palmer College and Bangor
Theological Seminary, and although lie has been in Franklin only two months the
results of his work are already evident.

FRANKLIN

155

The Congregational I'nitarian Churcli was founded in 1879, and toward its build-
ing Mrs. Persis Smith of St. Louis contributed very generously. Its present pastor,
Rev. Wilton Edson Cross, L.L.B., is a graduate of the College of Commerce of East
St. Louis. 1912, of the Benton College of Law. East St. Louis. 1915. and of the Mead-
ville Theological Seminary, 1918. He has also done graduate work at the Divinity
School of the University of Chicago.

The Franklin Bap'.ist Cliurch was formed by an amalgamation of the First Baptist
Cliurch and the Free Baptist churches in 1914. Both churches were first organized in
1869. After the union of the churches the building of the First Baptist Church was
used for tlic united services. Since that time extensive alterations and improvements
have been made, so that tlie church has now one of the finest plants in the State for
the social and educational work of the modern church. The present pastor, Rev.
Frederic S. Boody, is a native of New Hampshire, but all his \vork before coming to
Franklin was in Massachusetts,

156

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A'j*;^.

Judge Omar A. Towne, owner and editor
of the Franklin Transcript, is, both through
his paper and through his personal in-
fluence, a power in city afifairs.

were so firmly established that they
could send a i)rompt response to the
call to arms. A company of men under
the leadership of Captain
Ebenezer Webster started at
once for the scene of action,
arriving just too late for the
Battle of Bunker Hill. Who
knows how that famous l)at-
tle would have gone had they
arrived a day earlier? In any
case the record of their ser- ^

vice during the campaigiis
which followed is one of
which the town may be j^roud.
The natural resources of
the town led to an early de-
velopment of industry. In i,,
1794, Daniel Sanborn built '^
Franklin's first mill on Sal-
mon Brook. It stood only a
short time before a freshet
swept it away, but it marked
the first attempt to harness
the power of the rivers.

TIic Hancock Grammar School.

.At first it seemed as though the river,
as well as the Indians, resented the com-
ing of the white man and sought to
crush out his endeavors. Again and
again the rising waters or a devasting
fire swept away in a night the careful
work in which the whole communitv had
been engaged for many months; for in
those days the building of a mill, no less
than the raising of a church, was a
community afifair, accomplished by the
joint efiforts of the citizens. Gradually,
however, human ingenuity got the
upper hand. "Boston John" Clark,

After a stormy controvers}' over its location,
the Franklin High School was built in 1876.
Last year 208 pupils were enrolled and there
were i2 in the graduating class. The greatest
problem of this and the other schools in Frank-
lin is lack of space.

FRANKLIN

157

The Nesmitli Grammar School.

with his uncanny genius for engineer-
ing, huilt (lams and hridges where
others failed, and it is recorded that
he charged fur his work on the
huilding of one most complicated dam,
$,-)00— and contracted to supply the lum-
her himself. Attracted hy the water-
power i)()ssihilities% more and more in-
tlustries located along the rivers and
brooks. The Ci\il War brought an in-
creased demand for Franklin's manu-
factured iproducts and accelerated the
growth of the town for a period. The
coming of the railroad put her in closer
touch with the outside world, and in-
creased the \alue of her manufacturing
sites. In less than seventy years, from
the memorable fight for the town char-

St. Mary's Parochial School was established in 1895,
under the direction of the Catholic Church of Franklin.

Rodney A. Griffin is President of the
Retail Merchants Association of Franklin
which has done much to promote the busi-
ness prosperity of the town.

ter, I'ranklin had outgrown town gov-
ernment and her citizens applied for and
received a city charter.

The change from town to city in 1894
was another milestone in Franklin's
history. Begun under the
^ able guidance of F'rank Par-
^ sons, the first mayor, the last

thirty years have continued
the story of gradual, steady
development and there is
every reason to believe that
the next thirty years will
show an even greater ad-
vance.

F^ranklin is an industrial
city, but in tracing the thread
of her lousiness development
one must not forget the other
threads which make up the
warp and woof of a complete
life. Franklin's churches,
and schools, her libraries and
charitable institutions, her

158

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Metluulist C'liurcli was organized in 1871. It ha.^ been exceedingly prosper-
ous since its start. Its present pastor is Rev. Christian B. Hansen, who is president
of the Franklin Ministers' Association recently organized for the purpose of fostering
closer co-operation among the clnirches. No one can doubt that under Mr. Hansen's
leadership the Association will do much to promote a real comradeship among Frank-
lin ministry.

The Roman Catholic Church was
organized by Rev. Father Murphy of
Laconia and is now under the charge
of Rev. J. E. Finen.

Rev. T. W. Harris of Tilton has
ciiarge also of St. Jude's Episcopal
Church in Franklin. The building in
which this ctinrch meets was former-
ly a library.

FRANKLIN

159

Franklin's Pnhlic Lilirary is one of the most beantiiul l)nildings in the town. It was
designed bj' McLean & Wright of Boston and buih in 1907, part of its cost being
borne by the Andrew Carnegie Foundation. Mrs. Barron Shirley is the present
librarian, and vnider her direction the library shows a record which compares
favorabh' with libraries throughout the state. There were .'iO.OOO volumes in circulation
last year, the largest per capita circulation of any town library in New Hampshire.

Wright

The Post Office is the newest of Franklin's public buildings, having been com-
pleted within the last year. It fills a long-felt need, for the former quarters had for
many years been most unsatisfactory. The new building is simple, dignified, and well
proportioned, and it is not to be wondered at that Franklin citizens point it out
with pride.

160

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

community activities, all these have had
their share in the Iniilding of the city.
The first church in the town was the
Congregational, built in 1822, whose
original building, though damaged by
fire in 1902, still stands. The Christian
Church was the
next to be built ;
then followed the
Baptist, the first
church in Franklin
Falls, the Unitarian,
the Methodist, the
Episcopal and the
Catholic. We held
in our hands the
other day an old
diary, written in
beautiful, old fash-
ioned penmanship,
and containing a
record of Sabbaths,
— the texts, the
preachers, the gist

fending younger children? They voiced
their protest vigorously in a flier which
is a classic of its kind:

"Are not children, fresh and clean
from their mother's hands as dolls
from a drawer, worthy of as good
^ . school accommoda-

tions as ladies and
of ma-
.Are

gentlemen
turer vears '

Looking down on the old Republican
Bridge.

not children an or-
nament to society?"
Franklin's Libra-
ry, completed in
1907, the successor
to several smaller.
but excellent earlier
libraries, is one of
the most beautiful
buildings in the
town. Situated on
a rise of ground
beside the river it
may be seen for a

of the sermons, — and faith which speaks great distance, and the architects, the

more eloquently than any treatise of the Boston firm of McLean and Wright,

place of the church in the history of the made the most of this advantageous and

town. The diarv belonged to Walter beautiful location in designing the plans.

Aiken's mother and is now in the pos-
session of his grandson, Mr. James
Aiken.

The school history also deserves a
chapter to itself. Beginning vmder the

Last year tliis library circulated over
50,000 volumes, the largest per capita
circulation of any town library in the
state.

Of the city's humanitarian organiza-

scholarly leadership of Master Tyler, tions — the Hospital, admirably located
the school system has grown steadily, in the old Walter Aiken homestead, the
keeping abreast of the times. The ( )rphans' Home, which sustained such
story is not without its humorous parts, serious fire loss a few months ago, the
The controversy over the building of ( iolden Rule Farm for Boys — much
the high school in the early 1870's, while might be written were not the limits
desperately serious at the time, furnish- of this article so short. They are all
ed at least one good laugh for us as l^eauti fully equipped and efficiently man-
we pored over the contents of the aged and form a practical demonstration
trunk bequeathed to the Library by Joe of the spirit of good will and brotherli-
L. Thompson, one-time writing master ness which is characteristic of the town,
at the school. The main controversy Franklin is a city with a great deal of
was about the location of the high civic pride. This is evident to any one
school, but there were a few per- who sees the fine bridge over the
sons of evident democratic tendencies W'innepesaukee, completed during the
who objected to the building of a school i)ast year, or the beautiful new post-
to accomodate only high-school pupils, office. It is evident also in the enthusi-
Why, they argued, should such dis- asm with which young and old have
crimination be shown against the unof- concentrated their energies upon the

Franklin

161

Iniilding and development of the new
Mojalaka Country Club, and in the en-
terprise which is rapidly making thd
summer colony at W ehster Lake one of
the most beautiful summer resorts in
this part nf the country.

History, as Carlyle once said, is best
written as the biography of great men.
and this has been notably true in Frank-
lin. In another section of the maga-
zine is the story of one phase of the
life of the town given in terms of per-
sonality. That story could be matched
bv a dozen others. To run through
the town's great names is to see in pan-
orama the town's development. Daniel
Webster's name heads the list, of course,
but the names of many others stand out
as only less prominent: (leorge W. Nes-
mith, member of the supreme court,
who wrote PVanklin's charter and gave
the town it's name ; Thomas W. Thomp-
son. mem1)er ol ])oth branches of con-
gress and state treasurer; Austin F.
Pike. I'nited States .Senator; Warren
[•. Daniell, prominent both in business

and political afifairs, member of U. S.
House of Rei)resentatives ; A. W. Sullo-
wa\'. railroad president, state senator and
founder of one of Franklin's most suc-
cessful industries; Walter Aiken, in-
ventor and manufacturer ; Judge Blod-
gett who after twenty-one years of ser-
vice on the Supreme Court, four as
Chief justice, served the city as Mayor
for two years; Daniel Barnard, Attor-
ney (General of the state; Edward B. S.
Sanborn for many years a member and
clerk of the State Railroad Commis-
sion; b^rank X. Parsons, first Mayor of
the City and Chief Justice of the State;
( )mar A. Towne, since the 1890's the
owner and editor of Franklin's news-
paper, — these men and many others
have contributed to make b'ranklin what
it is to-day.

.And for the future — that also will l)e
written in terms of the lives of the men
and women now active in city afifairs
and as one runs through the list, one
realizes just how bright and full of
])romise Franklin's future is.

Where tlie Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee join to form the

Merrimack.

fe&**- ';;--^a

THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF FRANKLIN

(Centre I'ront row)

Mayor Louis H. Douphinet comes from one of the first French famihes who settled
in Franklin. For many years he worked in the International Paper Company mills, and
two years ago the acute industrial situation in Franklin brought him to the front as a candi-
date of the Democratic party. He was elected first in 1921 and re-elected last fall. It is
interesting to note that five of the eleven mayors of New Hampshire cities are of French
Canadian descent.

City Council

(Front row left to right)

Mr. James H. Gerlach is a Republican councillor from Ward 1. Mr. Gerlach is a
comparatively recent arrival in Franklin, coming to the town from Newton, Mass., where
he was a contractor for many years.

Mr. Herbert A. Griffin is a Democratic councilman from Franklin's Republican
Ward — Ward 1. He is the proorietor of the Alain Street Pharmacy aJid has lived in
Franklin most of his life.

Mr. T. L. Riley, Republican, Ward 1, runs a successful periodical store on the west
side of the river.

Dr. Alphonse Lagace, Democrat, Ward 2, is a well known and honored French
physician. He served as a lieutenant during the War.

Mr. Alexander B. Hebert, Republican. Ward 3, is also of French origin, and is the
proprietor of a garage.

Mr. Francis T. Douphinet, Democrat. Ward 2. is the brother of the Mayor, and an
electrician by trade.

(Second row left to right)

City Clerk Irving V. Goss, Republican, has occupied this important position for a
number of years, and has proved himself exceedingly competent in the management of
city affairs.

Mr. John H. Thompson, Republican, Ward 3, is Assistant Superintendent of the M.
T. Stevens Woolen Mills.

Mr. Eusebe p. Lemire, Democrat, Ward 2, is one of Franklin's prominent French citi-
zens. He is a baker by trade.

City Marshal John Manchester is also leader of the Franklin Boy Scouts.

Dr. James B. Woodman, Republican councilman from Ward 3. does not appear in this
picture. He is a leading physician in Franklin, with a remarkable war record. He had
charge of a base hospital in France and at the time the war ended had received the rank
of Lieutenant-Colonel.

A. \V. Sulloway, foundt-r ot the Sullo-
vvay Mills and leading citizen of Franklin.

NEEDLES AND KNITTING

The Romance of Franklin's Business

THE outbreak of the War in 1914
brought with it the disclosure
of some rather startling facts
about our manufacturing and its de-
pendence upon other nations for some
of the essentials of production. Many
of these facts
became the
subject of our
every-day con-
versation ; the
dye-stuff prob-
lem confronted
us at every
turn and the
toy famine was
something the
seriousness of
which we all
could under-
stand. But

A Glimpse of the Mills

there were phases of the situation, no
less serious than these, which, because
they were more remote from the every-
day life of the average man, never be-
came known beyond a small and spec-
ialized circle of exi^erts. Many an an-
xious battle
'" ' /' was fought in

those days in
factories and
business houses
throughout the
land, battles as
fundamentally
important to
the success of
the Allied
cause as any
fought on the
battlefields of
France. And

164

THE GRANITE MONTHLV

Hcnick Aiken, nephew ol Walter Aiken,
member of the New Hampshire House of
Representatives, and President and Treas-
urer of the Nekia Manufacturing Company.

in one of these l:)attles Franklin ]:»layed
a most important part.

The stupendous task of equipping
the army imolved, as all of us know,
the production of enormous quanti-
ties of knitted goods. That meant
emido} nient for the leisure time of
nimhle-hngered women throughout
the land ; htit e\en more it lueant a
tremendously increased demand to be
met by the factories engaged in the
manufacture of underwear, socks,
sweaters, etc. There are more than
four thousand such mills in this
country. The production of all of
them was taxed to the uttermost.
And the greatest handicap thev en-
cottntered ^vas the difficulty of ob-
taining the latch-needles used in their
machines. They had been buying the
needles from German}-. When it be-
came no longer ])ossible to get them
from that source they turned to the
factories of this cotmtry and threw
upon them the whole burden of keep-

ing the production of knitted goods
up to the demand.

There are only about a dozen
factories manufacturing these needles
today : there were even fewer in 1914.
And of them all more than half were
centered about the little city of
Franklin, where the business had
originated more than half a century
ago. A mere handful of factories
with the .stupendous task of supplying
thousands of mills running at a tre-
mendous rate of production ! The
way in which the need was met, the
almo.st miracidous increase in produc-
Uon is a story to be told adequately
only by the men who worked through
those anxiotts days. Sitting in their
offices, now that the smoke of the
hght has cleared away, they tell the
story with all the zest of veterans.
Vou ma}- hear both sides too, for in
Franklin are both knitting mills and
needle and knitting-machine factories.

And behind all this is another
story — a story of initiative and
achievement which goes back to Civil
War days and even beyond.

Back in the 1850's, in a little shop
on the banks of the Pemigevvasset,
Walter Aiken perfected two bits of
machinery which were of revolution-
ary significance in the knitting busi-
ness — the circular knitting machine
and the latch needle. Stories differ
as to the way in which the inventions
came abotit. Perhaps those English-
men, Franklin's first "immigrants,'"
who came to work in the "Stone
Mill" brought with them from Eng-
land stories of new developments
there which fired the brain of the in-
ventor. Whatever the impetus, the
creative genius of ]\Ir. Aiken trans-
lated it into the reality of steel, and
his inventions replaced the old hand
frame for knitting and the old spring
needle which had been used hitherto.
rhi.s meant both increased speed and
improved product.

The machines which Mr. Aiken in-
vented and the needles also would

NEEDLES AND KNITTING

165

look antiquated today, if compared
with the output of firms like the
Franklin Needle Company, the Nevins
Needle Company, the Acme Knitting
Machine Company, the Seawill Nee-
dle Company, or with the equipment
of the Sulloway Mills. Wonderful
progress has been made during the
last fifty years in the perfecting of
knitting machinery. There are ma-
chines of such intricacy that they per-
form all the involved and varied oper-
ations of making a stocking, turning
it out all complete except for the fin-
ishing of the foot; machines that knit
the fancy jacquard tops so fashiona-
ble just now ; machines that turn out
all manner of fancy knitting. And
each advance in the design of the ma-
chines has made necessary adapta-
tions of the needles.

No doubt Walter Aiken would be
surprised could he walk today
through the Sulloway Mills and see
how that business has expanded and
developed. It is our belief, however,
that his feelings would be less of as-
tonishment than of satisfaction such
as a man feels at having his dreams
fulfilled. Inventors are seers and
prophets.

We talked not long ago with a man
who wanted to write the history
of America as the history of
two families — the family of John
Quincy Adams, statesmen, conserva-
tives, scholars ; and the family of Jack
London, ever pushing forward to new
frontiers. The idea is a good one,
but incomplete, for the story of
American busines can also be written
in terms of personalities. And the
history of Franklin business is to a
surprising extent bound up in the his-
tory of the Aiken family. They are
inventors, all of them, — from Herrick
Aiken, father of Walter Aiken, who
conceived the idea of a railroad up
Mount Washington and even modeled
an engine which should make the
climb years before his son, presenting
the idea to the Legislature with a

Ricliard W. Sulloway, agent of the Sul-
loway Mills, President of the Franklin Red
Cross, and actively interested in all civic
affairs.

request for a charter, was greeted
with derisive cries of "Give him a
charter to the moon !" to Walter
Aiken's great-nephew, whose inven-
tive genius not long ago prompted
him to undertake the somewhat alarm-
ing engineering feat of constructing a
windmill from his father's razor
blades, carefully stolen and hoarded
under the woodshed.

Walter Aiken and his father, Her-
rick Aiken, may be said to be the
Fathers of Franklin's manufacturing,
not only because of their inventions
and their successful business enter-
prises, but also because in one way or
another nearly all of the Franklin fac-
tories in operation today have re-
ceived some contribution from the old
inventors. The business which Walter
Aiken founded in 1864. and which
passed to his sons on his death
in 1893, has almost entirely gone
in to other hands now, although Mr.

166

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

These mills turn out ten thousand dozen pairs ol stockings each week.

Herrick Aiken maintains in Franklin
the offices of the Nekia Manufactur-
ing Company, a concern engaged in
the making of machiner_\'. The shoj)
in which the early machines were in-
\'ented forms part of the plant of the
newest Needle factor}- — the Nevins
Needle Company — a fact which should
bring luck to the new enterprise. The
buildings in which Aiken's Hosiers-
Mills were housed are now owned bv
the M. T. Stevens & Sons Company,
who. since about 1870 have been
manufacturing in Franklin the highest
grade of woolen cloth. The making
of needles which Mr. Aiken originated
is carried on by such firms as the
Franklin Needle Compaii}', which,
founded in 1874, and incorptjrated in
1882, was for many years the largest
latch-needle factor}' in the world : and
the Seawill Needle Company and the
Nevins Needle Ccnnpany which, al-
though of much later origin, never-
theless owe a debt, of which they are
well aware, to the itiventions of Mr.
Aiken.

The Acme Knitting Machine Com-

pany is in a sense the successor t(j
Aikin's machine shop. Even the G.
\\'. Griffin Compaii}-, manufacturers
(if Hacksaws, although seemingly un-
related to Mr. Aiken's enterprises,
acknowledges a connection, since the
invention of the hacksaw which forms
the basis for the industry of the plant
was made b}- a worker in Walter
Aiken's shop.

Thus closel}' are the various
branches of Franklin's l)usiness enter-
prises related, and undoubtedly the
most interesting storv of this relation-
ship is that which connects the Aiken
inventions with the great Sulloway
Hosiery !Mills.

A\'hen Walter Aiken manufactured
his hrst circular knitting machine, he
sent it to the Enheld Shakers ; his
second went to Air. A. W. Sullo-
way of Enheld. Mr. Sulloway's in-
terest in the machine led to an interest
in Franklin, and in 1865, with ]\lr.
Fred H. Daniel!, he l)egan business
there. The old "Stone Mill" had
Inirned down in 1858 and the time
seemed auspicious for the building of

NEEDLES AND KNITTING

167

a new hosiery mill. The Daniell and
Sulloway mill began business in 1865;
in 1869 Air. Sulloway bought out Mr.
Daniell's interest. The business has
grown by leaps and bounds since that
time. There is little resemblance be-
tween the up-to-date, finely equipped
factory which it was our privilege to
visit the other day, with its output of
12,000 dozen pairs of stockings per
week, and the "Stone Mill" its prede-
cessor, whose old clock stands today
in Mr. Richard Sulloway's office.

Franklin owes much to Walter
Aiken, but if the inventor himself
could tell what he considered his

greatest contribution to the welfare
of the town there can be little doubt
that he would point to the circum-
stances through which there came to
Franklin the man who has for more
than fifty years served Franklin's in-
terests faithfully, not only as a capa-
ble business man, bvit also as political
leader and state senator, as railroad
president, as bank president, and in
many other branches of public service
— ^Mr. A. W. Sulloway who, even to-
day, though he is no longer able to
take a.s active a part as formerly in
public affairs, may stdl justly be
called Franklin's leading citizen.

MY FISHERMAN

By Mabel W. Sawykr
Franklin, N. H.

Wind sweeps the meadows. Brimming brooks
Are taking the trout to deeper nooks.
Low hanging clouds cover the sky —
Singing, my fisherman passes by.

White leaning lambs, to lea of the storm.
Their wool a-wearing, softly warm.
All through the day. pure drizzling rain
Sings gently over the country lane.

Deep in the distance lights appear
W'ith dusk of day, dark night is near,
Wind-blown, with fisherman's luck content.
To sheltering roof man's way is sent.

Fire-glowing walls reflect delight.
Outside the storm has turned to night.
Day in the oijen, l)right, carefree,
At dark mv fisherman seeketh me.

"BOSTON JOHN" CLARK

A Picturesque Figure in Franklin History

young

hiogra-

EVEN in this young land of ours
there are mythological heroes, men
real enough and historical enough
to be sure. Ijut around whom the imagi-
nation loves to i)lay and wliose
phy becomes
gradually en-
crusted with
legend. Such
a character
was Boston
John Clark,
who lived in
Franklin dur-
ing the mid-
dle days of
the 19th cen-
tury.

To-day he
w o u 1 d be
hailed as a
mathematical
genius and
paragraphed
in all the
newspapers
of the coun-
try. But his
contempora-
ries merely
recognized his
ability as odd
and depended
upon his un-
canny apti-
tude for fig-
uring to help
them with
the practical
concerns of
construction.

Where others failed Boston John suc-
ceeded, and he did so with the aid of
only his ten-foot jjole. Since he could
neuher read nur write his figuring
was done in his head. His accounts with
his men whom he employed, his com-
putations in the construction work he
accomplished — the only records of these

were in his memory and it never failed.
The ten- foot pole figures largely in
the many stories one hears about Bos-
ton John. It is said that one day some
boys, knowing how he depended upon

that pole, and

A Mathkmatical Genius of
THE Nineteenth Century

bridge building and dam

thinking to
throw him
ofT on his
computations,
cut o tif a
couple of in-
ches. Boston
John, return-
ing, picked uj)
the pole, ex-
amined it. and
discarded it
without com-
ment. His
u n erring
mathematical
sense told
told him

s o m e t h i n g
was wrong.

Many years
before psy-
chologists had
begun to
study hypno-
sis and its
possibilities in
c o n necl ion
with the heal-
ing of dis-
ease, Boston
John Clark's
power of
hypnotism was well known in Frank-
lin. When Mr. Jeremiah Daniell caught
his arm in the machinery of his
pai)er mill and was in such severe pain
that he could not sleep, the physicians
feared he would die. But Boston John,
using his mesmeric power, put the pa-
tient into a heavy sleep and with this
help Nature repaired the damage.

Boston John was thoroughly convinc-

... ^^^^QM

"BOSTON JOHN" CLARK

169

ed that he held converse with spirits.
They led him a merry chase sometimes.
Once when they had set him to digging
treasure down on Cape Cod he ran
afoul of some vigorous objections on
the part of the owner of the land. It
was an experience calculated to shake
the faith of a lesser man, but Boston
John took it as another instance of spirit
guidance and mildly returned home with
the remark that the treasure though un-
doubtedly hidden there had already been
found before he arrived on the scene.

The last days of his life Boston John
spent with the Shakers at Enfield, and

to this period belongs the picture which
accompanies this sketch. Of course
P)Oston John never had a picture taken.
But one day a photographer snapped a
building in the Shaker Colony just as
Boston John was passing. In the
original photograph he appears as a tiny
(igure scarcely more than half an inch
high. But the print was exceptionally
good and Kimball's Studio of Concord
enlarged it, making it possible thereby
for Franklin people to possess a
photograph of one of the most unique
characters in the history of the
town.

POEMS BY A FRANKLIN POET

By Mabel W. Sawyer

Twilight here,

Twilight and rain.

Boughs beating, bending with rain.

Music to you

With your heart so glad.

Haunting to you

When you heart is sad.

Dropping the rain

From the trees,

Drenching and dripping the leaves.

Dark misty mood

In this wood

Brings the rain

Singing rain.

Rain Song

Cooling ferns

Wetting the wild things in turns.

Music you hear

In the brimming brooks

Rushing o'er stones

To their deeper nooks.

See how the trees

Stand so still

Greying clouds

Cling to the hill

Sweet scented wood

Solitude

Brings the rain

Singing rain.

Cooling the moss

The Shower

Goodness, how it darkens things
To have the sky a-spreading wings
To beat against the pane !
Children hurrying home from school
Bare their heads to feel the cool ;
They wade into the shallow pool
With glee, welcoming rain.

1 ///*

•i

A PLAY DAY

Silas Pettingill Goes Fishing

By Ellen Barden Ford
Illustration uy Lucille Conant

IT was late April. The clouds were
hanging low on Blueherry Mountain,
and little wisps of fog were floating
over the hrook that ran through the
meadow.

Silas Pettingill stood leaning against
the old harnyard bars, and looking spec-
ulatively across the meadow toward the
brook. The murmur of the swollen
waters that sounded now near, now far,
was calling him, as it had called every
year at that time, since as a tiny boy
he had gone fishing with his father, and
h:;d fished patiently for hours at a time,
with a bent pin for a hook.

"I suppose Maria will think I ought
to be cutting bushes to-dav over in the
west lot. but ril be darned if I will!
I'm going a-fishing," he said to himself
decisively.

In the cosy kitchen, Maria was step-
])ing Ijriskly about, getting breakfast on
the table. As she glanced out of the
window she saw Silas leaning against

the bars, and looking across the
meadow.

"1 know just as well what he is think-
ing about as though he had told me,"
said she to herself. "He wants to go
a-fishing to-day. Well ! I won't say
anything about it, but let him work. It
won't be half the fun for him if he talks
about it, as it will if he slips away and
thinks that he really oughtn't to go, and
that 1 don't know where he has gone."

As she stood looking out of the win-
dow, Silas went into a shed and came
out with a hoe and a tin box. He gave
a stealthy glance at the house, then dis-
appeared behind the barn.

Soon lie came into the kitchen whis-
tling cheeril)-, with a l)ig armful of
vv(jod.

"There Maria," said he as he de-
posited the wood in the box behind the
stove, "I guess you have wood enough
to last all day." He washed his hands
at the kitchen sink, and as he seated

A PLAY DAY

171

himself at the breakfast table, he con-
tinued. "I wish you would put me up a
big lunch, Maria. I probably won't be
back by noon. Put in plenty of apple
pie and cheese."

Later, Maria watched him cross the
yard to the barn with his lunch pail in
his hand, and Percy, the big black and
white cat. following at his heels.

Soon he was back with Percy in his
arms.

"You had better shut Percy up until
I have been gone a little while." said
he. "I can't have him tagging me all
day."

Maria put the struggling cat down
cellar, then went out to feed the hens.
She could hear Silas' cheery whistle in
the distance, and as she listened she said
softly to herself with a tender light in
her eyes. "Bless him ! He's nothing
but a boy after all."

Silas went leisurely across the mead-
ow to the brook and followed along the
bank until he came to a deep, quiet pool.
A large willow tree leaned over the
water, and an old, moss-covered log in-
vited him to rest. He looked around
him with happy eyes. He could see the
clean sand through the yellow waiter,
and the little shiners darting here and
there. Across the pool, under the willow
roots, he caught a glimpse of a trout.
In an hour he had caught only one
small one. then he came back again to
rest on the old log.

A sound caused him to turn as Si-
mon Gay came around a bend in the
brook some distance away.

Simon carried a pail in one hand, and
in the other he had a fishing rod and
some trout strung on a willow twig. His
good-natured face broke into a smile of
delight as he saw Silas sitting on the
log.

"I thought perhaps I should find you
here, Sile," said he, as he deposited his
pail on the ground and seated himself
beside Silas.

"See what I caught as I came along,"
and he dangled six speckled beauties
I)efore Silas' admiring eyes.

"You always was a master hand to
catch fish, Sime. Don't you remember
when we were boys how you used to
divide with me when we went fishing,
because I never had as good luck as
you ? 1 only catched one little one."
And Silas took from his pocket a little
trout tliat was so covered with chafif it
was hard to tell what it was.

"Percy wanted to come with me and
! wouldn't let him, so 1 thought I would
carry this home for his supper."

"You'd better wash the fish before
you give it to him, Sile, or he won't
know what he's eating," and Simon
laughed so heartily that he nearly fell
ofif the log.

"Mother and Rena went over to Mrs.
Redmonds this morning to spend the
day, so I just skun out to take a little
vacation. Strange ain't it, Sile, how a
woman never seems to think a man
needs a day off now and then ? Mother
thinks I am splitting wood."

"Mother thinks I am cutting bushes
in the west lot," said Silas with a
chuckle. "I did intend to until this
morning. Some way this misty spring
air, that smells of the ground and all
the sweet things that grow on it, and
the sound of the brook, makes me feel
lazy. I just want to sit here and talk
with you and rest. Some folks might
think it strange that two old fellers like
you and me can have sucfi a good time
tttgether, Sime. but we do, don't we?'
and Silas looked at Simon wistfully.

"Course we do, Sile. We have had
lots of good times together, and I hope
we will have many more. Life
wouldn't be the same to me without
you, Sile. I just hope we will fare
along to the next life about the same
time, for it seems to me I would be
lonesome even there without you.'

The old men looked at each other,
and for a moment in their eves there
shone a prophetic light, giving them a
fleeting glimpse of a time when one
must be taken, and the other left. Si-
mon broke the silence in his matter-of-
fact way.

172

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

"I don't know how you feel, Sile, but
I'm as hungry as a bear. I know it
ain't noon, but let's get dinner and eat
it. Then we can rest and visit. You
find some wood for the fire, and I will
get the fish ready to fry."

Soon a little fire was snapping brisk-
ly on a large flat rock, and a delightful
odor of browning fish arose from Si-
mon's pail cover. Simon took some
huge slices of bread and butter, and
some ginger snaps from his pail, and
Silas contributed apple pie, cheese, and
a bottle of cofifee.

"Why ! we have a dinner fit for a
king," said Simon, as he put his beau-
tifully browned fish before Silas.

"I never knew a woman, not even
Maria, that could fry fish so it tasted
as yours does," said Silas, as he lifted
a piece with his jack-knife and put it
on his bread.

"Don't you remember the first time
we caught fish and fried them here?"
said Simon. "We were little shavers.
Your father had set you to piling wood
in the shed, and mine went to town and
left me to rake up the front yard. We
came down here and stayed all day, and
both got a good licking when we got
home at night. But it was worth it,"
continued the old man reminiscently.

The last cruml) disappeared from the
rude little table. The sun came out.
The mist vanished. And still the old

men talked. "Don't you remember?"
prefaced many a story they told each
other with quiet enjoyment. The long
afternoon slipped quickly by. The sun
disappeared behind a hank of clouds,
and all the world looked gray. The
hylas began their plaintive music in the
little pond in the pasture, before the
old men thought of home.

"This has been the best day we ever
had together, Sile," said Simon. "I
feel ten years younger than I did this
morning."

"We are 'old boys' Sime, but a play
day now seems as good to me as it ever
did," answered Silas, as he picked up
his fishing rod and pail and turned
toward home.

Maria sat bv the kitchen window,
sewing, when she saw Silas come around
the barn, with his dinner pail in his
hand. Percy ran to meet him. Silas
took something from his pocket , and
after carefully washing it in the water
tub, gave it to him. When Silas open-
ed the kitchen door, Percy ran by him
and under the stove, from which at once
issued savage growls, and the vigorous
cracking of bones. Evidently Percy
was having a supper much to his liking.

Silas looked a little uneasy, but
Maria only said with a twinkle in her
eye, "Percy must have caught that big
rat that has been bothering me so long
in the back pantry."

FRANCES

By Dorothy E. Collins

When Frances was a young thing.

Mad-cap games she played
On the sea-gull's eyrie.

Nor ever was afraid
Of the cliffs below her

Where deep-sea breakers rose,
W'ith green and beast-like shoulders.

To splash her clinging toes.

J/<Ak

Walker Haartze Spofford: Holder of World's Record of Milk Production
FOR 305 Days. Record 26,333 Pounds.

HOLSTEINS THAT WIN

Some New Hampshire Champions

By H. Styles Bridges

HOLSTEINS. or "The Black and
Whites," as they are enthusiastical-
ly called by Holstein breeders, the
country over, are the largest of any of
the dairy breeds and are noted for their
production of milk. No breed of cat-
tle can surpass or equal their records
in the economical or high production of
this fluid that is so essential and vital to
the human race.

Right here in New Hampshire we
have the honor of having tw^o worfd's
champions of this famous breed. They
are Walker Haartze Spofford, who
holds the world record for cows of all
ages and breeds for total milk produc-
tion in the 305 day class, and Silda
Creamelle Johanna who holds the
senior four year record for both milk
and butter in the same class. Walker
Haartze Spofford's world's record for
milk production in 305 days is 26,333
pounds of milk.

Just stop and consider what this
means. It means that in ten months
time this cow produced more milk than

seven ordinary New Hampshire cows
produce in a year; or over 13 tons of
miik in all. Silda Creamelle Johanna's
world's record for 305 days is 23,062
pounds of milk, and 1007.7 pounds of
butter.

These cjueens of the dairy world are
owned by the Baker Farm of Stratham,
New Hampshire. This farm is located
about one mile from Rockingham Junc-
tion on the main road, between Exeter
and Newmarket. It was formerly
known as the old Whitcomb Farm and
on it many famous horses of racing re-
nown have been reared. The farm is
approached by a long lane nearly one-
quarter mile in length, which leads to
the farm buildings. The farm itself
comprises about two hundred acres, and
is a typical New Hampshire farm. The
land is about equally divided between
pasture and tillage.

The farm is owned by Edwin H.
Baker. Mr. Baker purchased it about
four years ago. We ordinarily think
that, when successful business men de-

174

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Havendale Inka Bower Metchild: Record 20,450 Pounds of Milk, One Year;

950 Pounds of Putter. One Year

cide to go into farming, it means the
expenditure of a great deal of money,
the having of a high-priced farm, the
huilding of fine l)uildings, the assembhng
of a herd of high-priced cattle, in fact
that everything is done to create a show
appearance without regard to the
economical phase of farming. Then,
according to popular opinion, the owner
generally sits back and watches things
progress, usually with his check hook-
in close proximity. Mr. Baker is not
a man of this type. He is running his
farm not as a hobby but as a strictly
commercial proposition, and from ob-
servations and from the records it
would seem to the visitor that he is
successful. The Baker farm can be
correctly classed as among New Hamp-
shire's practical farms. The farm is
managed by Mr. C. C. Laughton, a
very thorough and practical farmer.
Mr. A. L. Frost and Elwin Flanders
are the herdsmen and are in immediate
charge of the herd.

This herd of Holsteins probably
ranks not only as the best in New
Hampshire, but as one of the very best
in the Eastern States. The herd num-
bers about eighty head of registered

animals, of which more than half are
milking. When milking is mentioned
on the Baker farm, it has a real mean-
ing, for they milk many of their cows
four times a day and get results by it
too. All the milking is done by hand,
and. when you consider that some mem-
bers of this herd milk as high as one
hundred and eight jxjunds a day, milk-
ing means a real job.

The cattle are kept under ordinary
farm conditions. Two old-fashioned
barns have been remodeled to the ex-
tent of letting in plenty of sunlight and
a ventilating system has been installed.

At the Baker Farm they believe in
the old maxim that "the sire is half the
herd."

Their senior herd sire is King Segis
Pontiac Maartze, an animal of great in-
dividuality and backing. This bull's two
nearest dams averaged 34.8 pounds of
butter in seven days, and his seven near-
est dams averaged 30.7 pounds of butter
in seven days. Not many herd sires in
the country have such records behind
them. Colantha Johanna Lad and King
Segis. two of the Holstein breed's great-
est sires, are liis immediate ancestors.
His worth does not stop with his looks

HOLSTEINS THAT WIN

175

"The Sire is Half the Herd." Kixg Segis Pontiac Maartze, Senior Herd Sire.

and pedigree, for he has some produc-
ing daughters that are fast winning him
renown. Several are to he found in the
Baker herd. One has a record of twen-
ty-six pounds of butter as a two-year-
old and others have fine records in both
milk and butter production.

The young stock have a fine chance,
for Manager Laughton believes in feed-
ing when the animals are young and not
half -starving the youngsters, as the case
on many dairy farms. Plenty of the
right kind of food when they are young
makes strong vigorous cows that are
real producers. These cows bear out
the above statement, for many of them
weigh between sixteen hundred and
seventeen hundred pounds.

The crops raised on the farm are
mostly for forage. In fact all the
roughage used for feeding purposes is
home produced, it consists mainly of
clover hay and corn silage. Manager
Laughton states that this spring they
intend to try alfalfa, and he believes
that it will be a big asset to them if
they are able to get a stand.

Nothing is sold ofif the farm except

dairy products, and livestock. The
dairy products are sold principally in
the form of milk, a retail milk route
being conducted in Newmarket that
disposes of between 200 and 300 quarts
daily. The remainder is sold in Bos-
ton at wholesale, but at. a fancy price.
Most of the livestock sold are young
animals, particularly bulls, which are
sold from farmers' prices up to as high
as $1,000 a piece.

The two world's champions are by no
means the only high producers of which
this herd boasts, for the majority of
the cows have records from 20 to 31
pounds of butter in seven days, as well
as large yearly miik and butter records.
The herd is under Federal supervision
and the animals all tested and healthy.
They show every evidence of good care
and careful management, and are a
sight that any lover of animals would
enjoy.

1 f you are interested in dairy cattle,
and jjarticularly in Jlcjlsteins, it would
pay you to take the time to visit the
Baker farm, the home of New Hamp-
shire's premier herd of Holsteins.

176

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Part of Sauthier AL\p. London', 1776.

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY

Two Old Maps and Their Odd Inaccuracies

By (Jeurge B. Upham

WITH the progress of the Revolu-
tion European interest in the
theater of the war was greatly
stimulated. .\s campaigns were con-
ducted and hattles fought in places hith-
erto unheard of in Europe the demand
for maps increased.

It was for some time thought that the
issue of the contiict would be settled in
New England or on its western borders.
Here, (juite naturally, the cartographers
concentrated their attention. The Con-
necticut River valley was of interest,
for New England might be invaded
through this natural approach from
Canada.

The earliest map issued to supply the
new demand was published in London
in 1776. Its full title is

A MAP OF

The Province of
NEW YORK,

Compiled from Actual Surveys by order of
His Excellency

WILLIAM TRYON, Esq.
Captain General and Governor of the Same,
By CLAUDE JOSEPH SAUTHIER
to which is added New Jersey, from the
Topographical Observations
of C. J. SAUTHIER & B. RATZER.
Engraved by WILLIAM FADEN,
( Successor to the late Mr. Thos. JefTerys, 1776)
The Counties and "Mannors" are col-
ored in a way to make the map highly
decorative. It seems strange to see Al-
bany^ County reaching from the Dela-
ware River, the border of Pennsylvania,
nearly to the Connecticut River back of
Brattleborough. Two counties, Cum-
berland and Glocester, extend along the

Connecticut from Massachusetts to the
Canada line. New York then claimed
all the territory now Vermont and these
counties are colored as vividly as those
on ur west of the Hudson. This visual-
ization, better than any print or words,
impresses the fact that New York once
exercised dominion as far east as the
Connecticut River.

All of New Hampshire that is shown
is left blank except along the Great
River. Here towns of consequence are
indicated by circles ; larger circles and
more prominent lettering indicating the
larger settlements ; Charlestown No. 4,
Ashley and Windsor are thus made to
appear as of more consequence than
Unity, "Clearmount" and Cornish. Ash-
ley is placed near the sharp right-angled
bend in the Connecticut which is seen
just above the ferry. The name "Clear-
mount" is placed south of "Sugar R"
which is made to rise in a small pond
about ten miles east of Plainfield.*^^

Eurther north we find Lebanon, and
close to it Dartmouth College with the
crude suggestion of a large two-steepled
building. Hanover is five or six miles
further north. Crossing the Connecti-
cut into CTnnberland County, New York,
we find Ware (now Hartford) op-
posite Lebanon. ^^' Further south are
Windsor and Weathersfield, as well as
Ascutney and Caschetchawage (Skitch-
awaug) Mountains, properly placed.
A road is shown passing through
Charlestown and Ashley, crossing the
Connecticut River near Windsor and
ending apruptly at Juill's (Lull's) Brook
in 'TIart," that is Hartland.

(1) Sugar River flows from Sunapee Lake at the "Harbor," about midway on its much in-
dented western shore. With sometimes sharp angles, sometimes winding curves, its clear amber
waters flow in a general westerly direction. Descending in its twenty miles about 830 feet it
empties into the Connecticut four miles westerly from Claremont Village, and a mile or two south-
easterly from the lower slopes of Ascutney. A view of it and of the mountain from Lottery Bridge
In Claremont is a view to be remembered. See illustration in Granite Monthly. Vol. 5S. p. 50.

(2) Few know of the existence of Hartford Vermont, but as White River Junction it is
familiar — at least around the railroad station — to hundreds of thousands who have wearily waited
there.

178

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY

179

A French map purporting to show
the tlieatre of the War between the
Entrlish and Americans, and to have
been drawn from the latest English
mai)s. also shows Ashley, but not Clare-
mont. It was published in Paris in
1779 and in one corner is described as
follows :

CARTE
du
THEATRE DE LA GUERRE
Entre les Anglais
et les Americains :
Dressee
d'apres les Cartes Anglaises
les plus modernes,
Par M. Brion de la Tour, Ingenieur-
(leograi)he du Roi.
1779
a Paris
<."hez Esnauts et Rapilly, rue St. Jacques
a la \'ille de Coutances.
The title is embelhshed l)y the depic-
tion of an impossible Indian having the
physiognomy of a British prize-fighter.
dressed in a costume of skins and feath-
ers, the like of whicli no Indian ever
saw. Shod with Greek sandals he is
seated in the forest with shield, battle
flags and other European impedimenta
beside him.

"Ashley." its circle surmounted by a
cross indicating the possession of a
church, is here shown as just south of
"Pt. Sugar R." (Little Sugar River)
which should be in Charlestown and
Unity, several miles south of Ashley.
It is. however, moved north to take the
])lace of the real Sugar River, wdiile the
latter is. in turn, shoved several miles
further north and made to empty into
the Connecticut directly oi)posite "Mt.
Asseumea" ( Ascutney ) at a place about
half way between the circles designat-
ing the locations of W'eathersfield and
Windsor. Claremont and Cornish are
wholly omitted. "Blowme Down R" is
properly placed but "Yarmouth" is lo-
cated half-way between Plainfield and
Hanover.

Over the river from "Darmouth,"
which is placed where Lebanon should

be, we again find Ware, but on this
French map engraved "Major Villard's
ou Ware.'" Recalling that Hartford,
on this location, was one of the
Hampshire (Jrants in 1761 ; that the
King in Council in 1764 declared "the
Western Banks of the River Connecti-
cut to be the Boundary Line be-
tween the two Provinces of New Hamp-
shire and New York ;'" and further re-
calling the fact that the French have no
W in their alphabet; we are led to look
to the New York records for a knowl-
edge of Major Willard's activities. In-
\estigation reveals that he had obtained
a New York charter for Hertford, now
Hartland. adjoining Hartford on the
south, and was employed to act for the
Proprietors of the latter town. He ap-
parently gave the impression that he
owned it. It further appears that New
York was willing, on certain conditions,
to grant the charter under the name
Ware, but there were delays, perhaps
owing to the lack of cordiality between
the "Green Mountain Boys" and the
'A'orkers," so the charter was never
issued. The name given by Benning
Went worth remained, except in so far
as. to the outside word, it was changed
to White River Junction after the com-
ing of the railroads.

It will be seen that M. Brion de la
Tour made as much of a mess of the
rivers flowing into the Connecticut from
the west as he did of those flowing into
it from the east

Judging by the varied size of the let-
tering and circles or pentagons Walpole
"Charles Town" and "Darmouth" were
the largest towns in this vicinity. Next
in size were xAshley and Windsor, while
W'eathersfield, Plainfield, and Dantzick,
now^ Newbury (much too far north)
were less poi)ulous. The outlet of the
unnamed lake, Sunapee, is placed at its
southern end. This unnamed river is
evidentl}- intended for Cold River for it
flows into the Connecticut a little north
of Walpole. The map maker had
merged Cold Pond with Sunapee.
To be continued

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Arthur Johnson

Ralph vValdo Emerson once said, have been selected, though it is not

as suddenly a.s the thought struck presumed their authors have not, in

him, when he and a friend of his some cases, written other poems

who long ago described it to me, which to some tastes are of equal

were hunting for a lost poem to- or perhaps even greater merit. It is

gether : "I should like to have an probable that some at least of the

anthology of the one-poem poets !" — poem.s here published will be collected

in sympathy with which fugitive later in book form. Suggestions will

wish the poems to be published un- be welcome,
der this heading from month to month A. J.

WINDS TODAY ARE LARGE AND FREE

By Michael Field

Winds to-day are large and free,
Winds today are westerly ;
From the land they seem to blow
Whence the sap begins to flow
And the dimpled light to spread,
From the country of the dead.

Ah, it is a wild, sweet land

Where the coming May is planned,

Where such influences throb

As our frosts can never rob

Of their triumph, when they bound

Through the tree and from the ground.

Great within me is my soul,

Great to journey to its goal,

To the country of the dead ;

For the cornel-tips are red,

And a passion rich in strife

Drives me toward the home of life.

Oh, to keep the spring with them
Who have flushed the cornel-stem.
Who imagine at its source
All the year's delicious course,
Then express by wind and light
Something of their rapture's height!

SAY NOT THE STRUGGLE NAUGHT AVAILETH

By Arthur Hugh Clough

Say not the struggle naught availeth,
The labour and the wounds are vain,
The enemy faints not, nor faileth.

And as things have been they remain.

POEMS 181

If hopes were dupes, fears may be liars;

It mav he in yon smoke concealed,
>'()nr comrades chase e'en now the fliers, «/

And, l)Ut for you, possess the field.

I'or while the tired waves, vainly ])reaking,

Seem here no painful inch to gain.
Far hack, through creeks and inlets making,

l"omes. silent, tiooding it, the main.

And not ])y eastern windows only.

When daylight comes, comes in the light;
In front the sun climhs slow, how slowly !

Hut westward, look, the land is bright!

THERE WAS A ROSE

Bv Sarah Morgan Bryax Piatt

"There was a rose." she said,

"Like other roses, perhaps to you.

Nine years ago it was faint and red.
Away in the cold dark dew.
On the dwarf hush where it grew.

"Never any rose before

Was like that rose, very well 1 know;
Never another rose any more

Will blow as that rose did blow.

When the wet wind shook it so.

"What do 1 want?— Ah. what?

Why I want that rose, that wee one rose,

Unlv that rose. And that rose is not
Anywhere just now ....God knows
Where all the old sweetness goes.

"1 want that rose so much;

I would take -the world back there to the night
When 1 saw it blush in the grass, to touch

It once in that autumn light.

"But a million marching men

From the North and the South would arise,
And the dead — would have to die again?

And the women's widowed cries

Would trouble anew the skies !

"No matter. I would not care;

Were it not better that this should be?
The sorrow of many the many bear, —

Mine is too heavy for me.

And I want that rose, you see!"
Washington, D. C. 1870

LEGISLATURES OF THE PAST

How They Dispatched Their Business Expeditiously

By I AMES O. Lyford

IT is too early at this day, some three
weeks before the final adjournment,
to summarize the work and accom-
plishments of this legislature. It may
be of interest, however, to vour readers
to know some of the reasons why the
biennial sessions of the New Hampshire
legislature are more than twice as long
as the annual sessions used to be.

A few people remem])er the former
annual sessicjns of the legislature, meet-
ing in June and adjourning after a ses-
sion of from four to five weeks. The
pay of the members was three dollars
a day for every day. including Sundays,
that the legislature was in session. The
members were allowed ten cents a mile
mileage for one trip from their homes
to the capital and return. It was before
the days of free passes on railroads for
legislators, and the state allowed no
transportation of members beyond the
one-round-trip mileage. Except those
members, who could reach the capital
on early morning trains and return on
late afternoon trains, the legislators came
to the capital at the beginning of the
session and remained until its close, a
few of them making week-end visits to
their homes. There were plenty of
private houses in Concord where mem-
bers could obtain rooms, and some
where both rooms and board were fur-
nished. Hotel rates were cheaper than
now and more nearly fitted the pay of
the members. The member who broke
even on his salary of twenty-one dollars
a week was satisfied; and many of them
accomplished this result.

After the first week, which was given
i\\) to organization and the inauguration
of the Governor, the legislature settled
down to an actual session of four days
a week, working Friday as it now does
Thursday, and later in the session hav-
ing a more than formal session Monday

evening. Public expectation was that
the legislature would adjourn before
July 4th to allow the farmers to begin
haying; and if for any reason the session
was delayed beyond this date, the press
of opposition to the majority party of
the legislature accused that body of ex-
travagance. A session of only four
weeks did not materially interfere with
the every-day activities of lawyers and
business men who might be elected to the
legislature. Then again, election to the
house was regarded by ambitious men,
lawyers and others, as a stepping-stone
to further political preferment.

The rules of the house were framed
for the dispatch of business and not for
the convenience of members. The com-
mittees began work as soon as they were
appointed. If a member desired a
hearing on a bill he had introduced, he
was expected to arrange with the com-
mittee to which it was referred for that
hearing. The active committees, like
the judiciary, proceeded to weed out the
bills referred to them that were without
merit aiid report them immediately to
the house as inexpedient. These re-
ports were acted upon by the house at
the same session that they were report-
ed ; and if the member had any pride
in the bills he had introduced, he had to
be on hand to defend them before the
house. Before the second week of the
session was over, the old chestnuts that
appeared session after session were
again laid away in the legislative grave-
yard.

As soon as the business warranted,
the house met at ten o'clock in the morn-
ing and frequently sat until five or six
o'clock in the afternoon, while the last
week of ,the session evening sessions
were held which were largely attended.
Debates on important measures continu-
ed for two or three davs before a vote

THE TAX SITUATION

183

was taken. The previous question was
seldom moved and seldom ordered. Full
discussion was practical because of the
longer daily sessions.

There was no journal of the house,
the newspapers giving in full the rou-
tine work of that body. The house
subscribed for three or four of the
leading newspapers of the state for each
of its members; and these newspapers
arranged thrt)ugh their legislative re-
porters to give the proceedings in de-
tail. The expense was less than the
cost of a daily journal, even when the
legislature voted $100 each at the close
of the session to the legislative report-
ers of these newspapers. There was a
public advantage in the practice of hav-
ing the newspapers publish the routine
proceedings that does not pertain to the
daily journal of the legislature. The
people of the state were fully informed
through the newspapers of all bills be-
fore the legislature, as they are not at
present. Several cases have occurred
this session where committees have re-
ported upon bills before them and then
consented to a recommittal of the meas-
ure for further hearing, because the
public that had interest therein had only
a late notice that the matter was before
the legislature.

All the daily newspapers of the state
had weekly editions of large circulation,
so that, while New Hampshire had no
morning daily, as now, with state-wide
circulation, these weekly newspapers
reached a large majority of the people.
If the member returned home at the
week-end, his constituents in the coun-
try towns were sufficiently informed of
legislative transactions to discuss with
him the work of the legislature. In ad-
dition to the routine proceedings given
in the newspapers, the representatives of
the legislative newspapers gave a semi-
editorial comment in their correspond-
ence of the transactions of the general
court and of the aptitude on public
questions of its active members. Some
of these, like the letters of Henry M.

Putney to the Manchester Mirror, and
the reports of Major Manson for sev-
eral sessions in the old People news-
paper, were most entertaining and face-
tious. Editor O. C. Moore of the
Xasliua Telegraph wrote in a more seri-
ous vein; ])ut L. B. Brown and John
W. (Mlin gave spice in the Patriot to
all unusual incidents of the legislative
proceedings. These men had a large
knowledge of state afifairs, and they
wrote under standingly of subjects be-
fore the legislature. It was with such
men that I served my apprenticeship in
newspaper work.

Looking back with knowledge upon
the days of annual sessions, it is easy to
understand why the sessions were short-
the debates fuller, the membership more
representative, and the work as well done
as now. if not better. It is not so easy
to see how we could return to the cus-
toms and procedure of half a century
ago. We suffer to-day primarily from
the unwillingness of well equipped
men to give service to the state ; for ser-
vice in the legislature over a period of
three months is a service without ade-
quate compensation. So long as the
house is of its present numerical mem-
bership, no increase of compensation
will be voted by the people. But public
service of any kind is very largely a
matter of individual ,sacrifice. A re-
duction of the size of the house and an
increase of pay for the members would
little affect the character of the mem-
bership. Public spirit must be stimu-
lated among members of the bar and
business men, if the New Hampshire
legislature is to be manned as it was
fifty years ago, or even thirty years ago.
In the session of 1881 were at least
three ex-members of congress who sat
in the house, one future secretary of the
navy and "United States Senator, be-
sides some of the most eminent lawyers
of the state.

Railway service to-day, especially in
the winter season, is detrimental to long
daily sessions. Seldom is there a quo-

184

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

rum of the house present until half-past
eleven, and a considerable number of
members leave on early afternoon trains
for home. ( )ut of this time comes the
lunch hour. A vote must frequently be
hastened so that members can go home.
In a house the size of ours, nearly all
the work must be done by committees,
and their conclusions accepted or re-
jected v^ith only a limited debate. Much
of the important w^ork falls to a few
committees. There are not enough law-
yers to equip more than one legal com-
mittee, the judiciary; and in all ordi-
narv sessions the bulk of the bills have
to 1)6 referred to this committee. Since
the rules were changed a few years ago
by which all bills appropriating money
have to go to the appropriation commit-
tee for revision after other committees
act upon them, this committee has be-
come one of the leading committees.
This session, the ways and means com-
mittee, which has charge
bills, has attained especial
The majority of the members, however,
are upon committees having little to do.
As we do not under the present rules
and procedure do much business in the
legislative hall before the fourth or fifth
week, it is small surprise, that the ses-
sion in its early days liecomes irksome

of revenue
importance.

to a very large number of members.

One defect of all legislative bodies is
the scarcity of members who are willing
to do the drudgery of the ses-
sions, which is never spectacular.
This drudgery consists in patiently in-
vestigating the effect of bills introduced,
comparing the proposed law with exist-
ing law. watching the bills reported by
all committees to see that no unwise legis-
lation is enacted. This work falls large-
ly upon the chairman of the judiciary
committee and those of his immediate
associates who have had experience in
legislation. Because of a lack of this
vigilance the new Hampshire legislature
has enacted some crude legislation.

Perhaps 1 cannot better close this
hastily written and incomplete article
than to pay tribute to the present chair-
man of the judiciary committee.
Xathaniel E. Martin, who at great per-
sonal sacrifice has not only worked
legislative days but also over week ends
in i^atient investigation of not only the
bills before that committee, but many
of the l)ills before other committees,
bringing to his work all the ability of a
leader of the New Hampshire bar. His
is an example of public service that lead-
ing lawyers of the state may well emu-
late.

Looking Down Upon thk Amoskeag Mills as They are To-day.

MANCHESTER'S DEBT TO THE MERRIMACK

What the River Has Done for the Growing City

By Vivian Savacool

THE results of Manchester's develop-
ment and success are evident in
many ways but the cause is perhaps
more obscure unless one ^realizes for
how long a time the Amoskeag Falls
have been her ally in winning prosperi-
ty. The growth in retail, banking, and
cultural enterprises in the city and the
corresponding increase in population
spring from the textile industry so firm-
ly established here because of natural
resources. The waterfalls are the
source of Manchester's prosperity and
of whatever fame she lenjoys. The
beautiful Merrimack since earliest times
has been the city's greatest asset, first
in bringing the Indians to settle on its
banks, attracted by the bountiful supply
of fish, which were so numerous at the
falls that the Indians decided to name
them Namaoskeag, an Indian compound
made up of naiiuios. meaning fish and
cag meaning long, or extended places of
water. This name was at first applied
to a large part of the stream, but. as

fish became more scarce, it was limited
to the vicinity of the falls. The name
has persisted as we all know it in the
English derivation, Amoskeag.

In course of time white settlers fol-
lowed in the wake of the Indian to
trade with them and also to take ad-
vantage of the beauty and fertility of
the district. Slowly but surely the In-
dian disappeared, and, by the middle of
the eighteenth century, a township with
the name Derrvfield was well establish-
ed, whose interest it was to protect the
fisheries, thereby insuring its future.

But fate, in the guise of the falls,
was determined on a different future
for Derryfield. How true it is that the
natural resources of any region must
direct its development, for then nature
and man work together and the result
is beyond belief. Slowly, to the men
working by the falls, watching the water
surge and listening to its roar, came the
vision, beyond the conception of the In-
dian, of what such power might do, if.

186

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

controlled by man, it was forced to
serve him. It was a true vision, for
now the Merrimack is said to turn
more spindles than any river in the
world, a service which, if not so roman-
tic, is none the less inspiring and stim-
ulating to the imagination.

The first man familiar with the pro-
cess of spinning and weaving to pro-
phesy the future of Derryfield was
Samuel Blodget. a trader of Gofifstown.
He gained some water rights and on
May 1, 1793, began on the east side of
the river, a canal and locks, for carry-
ing freight. On May 1, 1807, the canal
was finished and opened with joyful
demonstrations. All that has happened
in following years seems indirect ful-
fillment of his prophecy at that time,
namely, "As the country increases in
population, we must have manufac-
turers, and here at my canal shall be
the Manchester of America." In 1810
the name of the town was changed
to Manchester, and from his small
beginning has developed one of the
great cotton manufacturing centers of
America.

In the meantime Benjamin Pritchard
had been busily engaged in a daring en-
terprise. He had bought a water right
on the west side of the falls, and in the
fall of 1805 he started spinning cotton
with second-hand machinery in a wood-
en one-storey building. At first he was
unsuccessful but, gaining the help of
four others, he enlarged the original
mill and began spinning cotton yarns.
In 1810, to gain more capital, they ob-
tained an act of incorporation from the
legislature under the name of The
Amoskeag Cotton and Woolen Manu-
facturing Co. Their spinning jenny,
with only eight spindles, was run by
power but the picking and carding was
let out to be done on hand looms by
women of the neighborhood. A smart
weaver earned thirty-six cents a day at
the average rate of three cents per
yard.

From 1805 to 1824 some additions

were made but the venture was un-
succesful financially. The property
changed hands twice, passing in 1824
to a group of men who reorganized it
under the name of the Amoskeag Man-
ufacturing Co. This 'last transfer of
the property was the beginning of con-
tinued and unbroken success in the
manufacture of cotton, and, as a result,
of the prosperous development of Man-
chester.

The three first mills were known as
the Old Mill, The Island Mill and the
Bell Mill and manufactured shirtings,
sheetings and tickings. By 1847 these
three buildings had all been destroyed
bv fire at different times, but thev were
not rebuilt as other mills had taken
their place.

The owners, forseeing the need of
more power and land, had obtained
most of the water rights at Amoskeag
and by 1835 all the rights on the Mer-
rimack between Manchester and Con-
cord, obtaining also large grants of
land on both sides of the river for fu-
ture mills and the growth of the city.
Soon they started to lay out streets,
plant elms, and plot house-lots to sell
to those wishing to build. Much of the
orderly, attractive arrangement of Man-
chester is due to these pioneers of the
textile industry.

Now in 1838 a division was made in
the work. Several men decided to form
a new company for the manufacture of
cotton goods alone. They purchased
land and water rights from the Amos-
keag, arranged with them for the con-
struction of a mill, and obtained from
the Legislature an act of incorporation
under the name of Stark Manufacturing
Co. On June 24, 1839, the canal was
filled for the first time and they began
to grind cards. On July 21st, "they
got ofif two pieces of cloth, having been
less than one month from grinding the
cards to the production of cloth." Such
deliberateness did not last long however.
By the early fifties more mills had been
built, equipment increased and improv-

MANCHESTER'S DEBT TO THE MERRIMACK

187

ed. the combined production of which
was 2.180,000 two-hushel hags. 8.000.-
000 yards of sheeting. drilHng and duck-
annually. The payroll was $30,000 a
month. This achievement might well
have seemed the fulfillment of that early
vision of the settlers, but development
had not ended, for from 1863 to 1880
the record was one of steady growth
in every way, in looms, spindles, and
buildings. By 1880, they were employ-
ing 950 women, 250 men, and had a
payroll of $40,000 a month.

It is interesting to compare the work-
ing conditions of seventy years ago with
those of to-day. In the first place, un-
believaljle as it ma}- seem, the em-
ployees worked thirteen hours a day,
part of the time by lard oil in tin lamps
set under the looms, as gas was not
used until 1851. The hours for work
varied with the season so that there
were eight dififerent schedules for the
day's employment of which the few
below are samples.

1855

"From the 1st to the 20th of Novem-
ber.
The 1st bell rings at 4^4 o'clock
The 2nd bell rings at 5}^ o'clock
The 3rd bell rin'^s as soon as the hands

can see.

"From the 20th of November to the
1st of February.
The 1st bell rings at 5 o'clock
The 2nd bell rings at Sy2 o'clock
The 3rd bell rings as before.

"From the 1st of March to the 1st of
November.
The hands work before breakfast.
Closing
"From the 20th of March to the 1st
of May.
As long as the hands can see to advan-
tage—

"From the 1st of May to the 1st of
September.
Work until 7 o'clock.

"The dinner bell rings at 12^/2 o'clock
the year round. From the 1st of May
to the 31st of August the hands are al-
lowed 45 minutes; from the 1st of
September to the 30th of April, 30
minutes.

These changes go on endlessly. It
is difficult to see how such complicated
changing schedules could be followed
when one compares them with that of
the Stark Mill in 1920.

"Monday to Fridav inclusive — 7:15
A. M. to 12 M.; 1 P.'m. to 5 P. M.

Saturday— 7:15 A. M. to 11:30 A.
M."

The pay was as small as the hours
were long. A girl who averaged one
dollar a day was envied by her com-
[)anions, all of whom thought them-
selves fortunate to be able to save two
dollars and fifty cents a week above
board and room rent. The employees
were all English people from the sur-
rounding country, simple in habits, and
in tastes. Although the mill gave little
time for pleasure from Monday morn-
ing to Saturday night, they were glad
to be busy and to earn so much money.
The French came to Manchester after
the Civil War. the Swedes in 1882, but
the great immigration wave did not
come until after 1905.

But to resume the story of the mills.
From 1880 to 1899, the Stark Mills
were not only doubled in size but
strengthened financially. Severe com-
petition was encountered however and
the Stark mills changed hands several
times, working under new management
always with increase in equipment and
production. Finally in 1913 the com-
pany became a Massachusetts corpora-
tion, surrendering for the first time its
New Hampshire charter and assum-
ing the name of Intrenational Cot-
ton Mills with Lock wood Greene & Co.
as Managers. When America entered
the World War, The Stark was able to
meet the demands of the government
and fulfil them so efiiciently that by
1921, when business was resumed on a

188

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

peace basis, the Stark Mills' annual
production was 30,000,000 yards and
their pay roll for 1 ,700 employees,
$1,500,000.

Due to financial depression and other
reasons, the Stark Mills have been ab-
sorbed within the last year by the Amos-
keag, which brings us again to a con-
sideration of the parent organization.
What has it been doing in the interval
which has so prospered the Stark?

This is a question which probably the
greater number of readers can answer
readily. We all know how steadily the
industry has increased with constant ex-
tension along all lines. Only a detailed
summary of their career could reveal,
however, how truly marvelous has been
the part the Amoskeag has played in the
life of Manchester, and in the world as
well, for as early as 1851 the company
was awarded its lirst medal for superi-
ority of goods at the World's Fair in
London. Scarcely a year passed with-
out a step forward for the organization
in acquisitions and production. In 1871
a new dam was constructed which
served until recently when another
slightly below the old in position, far
wider and more expansive has been
completed, while plans for still another
below Goffs Falls are under consider-
ation. In 1905 the Amory and the
Manchester Mills were purchased and
new buildings have been added, the
largest of which is the Coolidge Mill,
built in 1909. The many organizations
for the employees are undoubtedly well
known and are onl)- mentioned as an-
other indication of what the Amoskeag
has become.

It is unnecessar} to list here increase
in machinery, spindles, and amount

manufactured. The only statistics
given will be the fact that the Amos-
keag now employs 16.500 hands and
has reached this number through the
stages shown in the brief table below :
Table Showing Wages Paid Per
Year at End of 10 Year Periods
1831— $36,298

1840— 74,239

1870— 1,107,428

1880— 1,604,322

1908— 5,096,498

1909— 6,083,257
1850— 487,005
1860— 633,680
1890— 2,435,481
1900— 2,772,811

1910— 6,176,353
1920— 6,370,089

Recent events in the life of the tex-
tile industry are too vivid in the minds
of all to need further recital here. Its
growth is a wonderful history of the
growth of a city also, and of the plans
and work of many men throughout
their lifetime.

To one family especially does great
credit belong for the prosperity of the
mills, to the Straws, who for three gen-
erations have served as agent. On
July 26, 1856, Mr. Ezekiel Straw was
chosen for the responsible place, was
succeeded by his son Mr. Herman
Straw, while at present Mr. William
Parker Straw holds the position of vast
importance in the life of so many
thousands.

Their effort has been made possible
and aided by the Merrimack River,
which now, with our help and thought
in turn, will make it possible for Man-
chester to retain the high place she has
won.

THE EDITOR STOPS TO TALK

About Our Recent Travels

THERE was (Mice an old resident
of Franklin, named Benson, whose
memory, of unusual keenness,
went back, so he said, to the days when
the rivers were nothing hut young little
brooks, which, strangely enough, ran in
the opposite direction to that which the
rivers now take. Some say, perhaps
from jealousy, that Benson's memory
was helped by generous imbibing of
hard cider. We are not, of course, in a
])osition to vouch for the truth of the
story. But we are more inclined to be-
lieve there may be truth in it now that
we have been in Franklin and know
something at first hand about the ver-
satility of those rivers.

Our sojourn in the city covered three
days. When we arrived, the rivers were
quietly murmuring along between well-
defined banks of new white snow. To
our untutored eye there were, even then,
a bewildering assortment of streams,
but after Mr. Herrick Aiken had drawn
for us a beautiful topographical map,
navigation seemed simple.

And then — the Deluge ! The place
became alive with rivers. We got all
mixed up and were in constant fear lest
we should walk right down the middle
of the Pemigewasset under the impres-
sion that it was Main Street. On the
whole the walking looked smoother in
the river.

The picture of ourself picking our
way gingerly among rioting rivers is
one of those photograj^hed on our mem-
ory by our brief stay in Franklin. But
there are manv others.

machine, while we watch fascinated
from the doorway.

There is another of Mr. G. L. Han-
cock demonstrating graphically, with the
aid of a thread ripped from his coat-
lining, the mysteries of the action of a
latch needle.

Another is a view from the Library
window across the river to the western
hills, behind which, attended by mag-
nificient sun dogs to the north and to
the south, the sun is just going down.
We are indebted to Mrs. Barron Shir-
ley for much valuable help in our pur-
suit of Franklin's history, but we are
most grateful to her for our first in-
troduction to those rainbow pillars of
the western sky.

Another picture shows Mr. F. N.
Proctor, wielding a murderous Indian
battle axe behind the cashier's cage of
the Franklin National Bank. Heaven
help any bank robber who ventures that
way !

There is one of a busy office where
Mr. Richard Sulloway, with an energy
eloquent of big business, is testing out
some yarn, winding it up on a wheel and
stretching it out on apparatus that looks
like a cross between a grandfather's
clock and a penny-in-the-slot weighing

A glimpse of the city from the high
hill where Mr. James Aiken's home
stands, and where in days gone by they
used to trap wild pigeons ; a picture of
a curly-headed little girl, who, with flat-
tering appreciation of the details of our
costume, welcomed us at the door of
Mr. Herrick Aiken's house; a mill in-
terior with long lines of girls happily
busy at the intricate processes of stock-
ing manufacture; the clean, white cafe-
teria of that same mill where lunch for
the workers is in process of prepara-
tion—these are a few of the pictures
which made our short visit an event to
remember with pleasure.

We don't like to think how near we
came to missing it. But that trick of
mind which keeps one's thoughts run-

190

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

ning upon details of near escapes, in-
sistentl}' brings ours hack to this ques-
tiin: Should we have dared to venture
into the town had we read before we
started the awesome and alarming state-
ment we later discovered in a dusty
tome in the Library: "The town has
produced more brains, other things
l)eing equal, than any other municipali-
t\- of New Hampshire."

— H. F. M.

"Along Came Mary Ann" is the
title of an interesting article by Miss
Daisy Williamson of New Hampshire
State College, which we hoped to
present to you this month, but which
we were forced to postpone because
of lack of .space. But it's coming.

Announcements

Our cover picture was taken at the
Webster birthplace in Franklin last
summer during the time of the meet-

ing of the Grange.

Were you disappointed last mt)nth
by being unable to get a copy of the
C.RANiTE Monthly? Lots of people
were. The edition sold out almost
before it was oft' the press. There's
one way to avoid such disapp'oiint-
ments for yourself and your friends.
The coupon on the contents page of
the magazine makes it easy for you —
"A word to the \vise — "

Next month — The American Le-
gion ! Do you know wdiat an im-
portant work it is doing for New
Hampshire? Do you know how it
is heli)ing in civic betterment in our
towns and cities? The Granite
Monthly for May will carry the story.

The Brookes More Prize of $50
for the best poem published in the
Granite Monthly during 1922 was
l)romptly paid by Mr. More and
should by this time be in the hands of
Miss Helen ]\Iowe Philbrook, the
winner.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

The New Hampshire Farm Bureau
is |)roud of the fact that, according to
man}- exj^erts. it receives more pub-
licit}-, both in and out of New Hamji-
shire. than any other farm bureau
in the East. Therefore, it is proud
of H. STYLES BRIDGES, who as
Secretary of the Bureau is responsi-
ble for that publicity. Mr. Bridges
is a Univers'tv of Maine man. The
article on Holsteins i.s the first of a
series. .Aycrshirc's next month !

A second installment of GEORGE
B. UPHAM'S account of Claremont's
early days cannot fail to be of inter-
est to his many friends in Claremont.

COOL, whose seconcl article on
Manchester's growtli ap]iears in this
issue, are ^lanchester's voun<::;- women.
Miss Savacool begins tliis month her
management of our book review de-
partment.

JAMES O. LYFORD needs no in-
troduction to Granite Monthly read-
ers. One of our leading Republican
statesmen, he undoubtedly knows
more about Legislatures past and
present than any r)ther man living.

ELLEN BARDEN FORD is a
writer of charming sketches and
stories who lives in Lebanon, N. H.

Both LUCILLE CON ANT, whose MABEL SAWYER, who has three
charming .sketch heads the storv "A poems in this magazine, is the wife
Play Day, " and VIVL\N SAVA- of Secretary of State Sawyer.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Conducted by \'ivian Savacool

The Next-to-Notliiii»-Hoiise

By Alice Van Leer Carrick
Boston. Atlantic ATonthly Company

LONG before vou rtnisiT "Tlie Xext-
To-Nothing House." you will feel
the urge to become at once a Col-
lector. "S'ou niay have been perfectly
content with your twentieth century fur-
niture, reveling in its softness and
springy luxury, but before Vou 'have
read many i)ages. you will feel a vague
discontent stealing over you. you will
fitfully start to eliminate, alter, and add
to your furnishings ; and your longing
for spring will become more intense.
that you may start out on the road of
the Collector, leading through the tiny
hamlet, the secluded farm, and the
dusty junk shop to an early eighteenth
century house. This feeling will prob-
ablv pass with the realization that we
can't all have cosy white cottages in
which men like Daniel Webster roomed
while in college and which we may fur-
nish so that he himself might step into
it and feel no strangeness on liJs return
into a modern world. But whatever
the feeling of our house mav be, we can
be sure that it pervades throughout,
that everything harmonizes and com-
bines to produce one efifect. and in her
book the author gives many valual)le
hints as to what must be considered to
achieve success. Location, size, color,
and arrangement of the room, and a
sense of what furniture may or may
not be used together, all are necessary
details, and as you follow the mistress
of the Next-To-Nothing-House on a
trmr of inspection, you see by her vivid
descriptions and alluring j)hotographs
how altogether charming will be the
result. You will undoubtedly choose
your favorite room, as I did, selecting
much to my surprise, the kitchen. It
seems to me the greatest of all achieve-
ments in furnishing to make a kitchen

attractive, liut how could anyone help
but adore this "unsterilized" colorful
room which, in spite of antique pottery
and stenciled chairs, is convenient and
modern in culinary equipment. The
most menial tasks must lose a distate-
fulness when performed in a kitchen
with the air of "spiced cookies" or a
pan of "gingerbread."

This eighteenth centurv house is en-
tirely livable, and it is one of the fasci-
nations of the book to see how cleverly
the modern additions may be installed
to blend with the dignified simplicity of
past generations and not detract from
the "fourposter" atmosphere.

To all lovers of antiques I recom-
mend this book, to all interested in mak-
ing their homes the most delightful of
places I strongly advise it., and to those
not included in either class, if there be
an\ such. I urge its perusal because of
the pleasure received from acquaintance
with the personality of the author.
W hether or not she can overwhelm your
protests that eighteenth century furni-
ture is not comfortable by awakening
the artistic in you to a point which will
disregard downy divans and liy explain-
ing how comfort and art may be com-
bined, you will enjoy her friendly man-
ner, her amusing recital of her problems,
her cordiality. lightheartedness. and
charm. — the charm with which are of-
fered her l)its of philosophy and her
wish that her friends may have "every-
thing they desire — aliiiosf." leaving al-
wavs something for anticipation.

it is wonderful to know all we read
is true, that these are real people living
in a real house whose old green door
will open to us at the lift of the brass
knocker and reveal its lovely interior on
our next visit to Hanover,

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

James W. Henderson

JAMES W. HENDERSON

James William Henderson, born in
Rochester, February 18, 1840, died in
Dover, March 15. 1923.

He was the son of William M. and Maria
(Diman) Henderson, and was educated in
the schools of Rochester and Dover, to
which latter city his parents removed dur-
ing his early life, his last attendance being
at Franklin Academy in Dover. He taught
school in Rochester and Farmington in
youth, and learned the printer's trade in
the office of the Dover Enquirer; was en-
gaged for some time in the Massachusetts
State Printing Office and on the Boston
Journal, and was subsequently employed at
times in Dover printing offices.

He took an active part in political af-
fairs in Dover, for manj^ years, as a Demo-
crat, and was prominent as a party leader
in Strafiford County, serving as a member
of the State Committee. In the State
Convention of 1875, he had the honor of
presenting the name of Capt. Daniel Marcy
of Portsmouth as the candidate for Gov-
ernor, which he did in a forceful and con-
vincing speech.

In 1877, Mr. Henderson went to St.
Augustine, Florida, where he became ex-
tensively engaged in real estate operations,
and also continued the study of law, which
he had commenced in Dover. He was ad-
mitted to the Florida bar, and subsequent-
ly to the bar of the U. S. District and Su-
preme Courts. He served for some time
as State's Attorney for St. Johns County,
under appointment of Judge J. M. Baker.

He married. May 18, 1878, Ellen Comp-
ton, daughter of Jacob Compton of Chi-
cago, by whom he had two sons, the first

born dying in infancy. The second — J.
Compton Henderson — born July 8, 1880,
educated in the public schools of Chicago,
Phillips Exeter Academy and the South-
western University, Jackson, Tenn., is a
lawyer in Chicago, where his father was
for some time associated with him, and
where he had extensive real estate inter-
ests, as well as in Dover and St. Augus-
tine, dividing his time for some years
among the three places, his wife having
died April 26, 1909.

For the past two years he had resided
most of the time in Dover, to which city
he was strongly attached. His death re-
sulted from pneumonia, and shortly pre-
ceded tiie arrival of his son, who had been
summoned upon his illness. Funeral ser-
vices were held on Sunday March 18, in
the Ricker Memoric:! Chapel at Pine Hill
Cemeter}', under the auspices of Wecoha-
met Lodge, I. O. O. F., of which he was
a member.

James W. Henderson was indeed one of
Nature's noblemen, an honest man, a faith-
ful friend, a true American citizen, a loyal
and lifelong adherent of the principles of
Thomas JefTerson, the father of American
Democracy.

H. H. M.

HAROLD B. FELKER

On March 9th, Harold B. Felker, head-
master of the Meredith High School, died
in Meredith as a result of an illness of
pleursy and pneumonia. Though not yet
twenty-five years of age at his death, he
had already become one of the leading citi-
zens, in his town, and was one of the most
popular and successful headmasters the
Meredith School has ever had.

He was born in Meredith, August 20,
1898. He attended the Channing and
Meredith Center schools, later becoming a
student at the N. H. State College, from
which he graduated in 1920. While at col-
lege he was one of the most active and
popular members of the student body, being
president of his fraternity, captain of the
track team, and member of the popular so-
ciety, the Senior Skulls. After serving in
the southern camp during the war, he be-
came headmaster of the Hancock High
School in 1920. In June, 1921, he

was elected headmaster of the Meredith
High School, and in August was married
to Miss Corinne Emerson, a graduate of
the Keene Normal School.

He is survived by his father. Commis-
sioner Andrew D. Felker, his widow and
a young child.

JOHN S. BROUGHTON

Ex-Mayor John S. Broughton died in
Portsmouth February 9th, at the age of
ninety-two years. He was one of Ports-

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

193

mouth's oldest retired business men, hav-
ing begun at the age of fifteen A'ears as a
clerk in a lumber company where he re-
mained doing the bookkeeping for over
sixty years. He was a member of the
common council, the Board of Aldermen,
in 187^ was a member of the Legislature,
in 1880 a member of the Senate. It was
while at the Senate that he cast the decid-
ing vote for Senator (lallinger. In 1876
he was elected Mavor of Portsmouth.

EDMUND HOWARD ALBEE. D.D.S.

Dr. Edmund H. Alliee. dean of the dental
profession in Concord, died suddenly from
heart failure at his home on Libert_\-
Street, on the morning of March 12. 192.i

He was the son of Willard S. and Har-
riett (Marsh) All)ee. honi in Charlestown.
N. H.; Nov. 15. 186.^, and a descendant in
several lines of Revolutionary and Colonial
War ancestr}'. including Major Willard.
commander of the Massachusetts forces in
the early Wars, and Daniel Marsh whd
served under W'ashington at \'alley Eorge.

Dr. Albee passed his youth on his father's
farm, and attending the public schools, and
early commenced the study of dentistry,
pursuing the same in the office of his uncle.
Dr. William Albee. at Bellows Falls. Vt.,
and at the Philadelphia Dental College,
from which he graduated D.D.S. in 1891.
immediately commencing the practice of
his profession in Concord, in which he con-
tinued with great success up to the time
of his last illness in January of the pres-
ent year. He was devotedh- attached to
the work of his profession, in which he
gained wide reputation as a skilful practi-
tioner, and gave little time to the distrac-
tions of social and fraternal life. He was
a member of the Concord District Associa-
ton of Dentists, of which he was treasurer
at the time of his decease. He was also an
active member of the N. H. Dental So-
ciety, of which he was president in 1914;
of the Northeastern Dental Association
and of the National Dental Society. Out-
side his profession, the only organizations
to which he belonged were the ConcoVd
Chamber of Commerce and the N. H. So-
ciety of Colonial Wars. He was a con-
sulting surgeon of the Margaret Pillsbury
General Hospital and an attendant at the
South Congregational Church.

Of a modest and retiring disposition, he
was little known outside the wide circle of
those who had been his patients in the
long period of his practice, which exceeded
that of any Concord dentist now living,
and by large numbers of whom he was
held in high personal regard as a man and
a friend; while he was generally esteemed
as a public spirited citizen.

Dr. Albee was united in marriage. De-
cember 9, 1891, with Miss Lois Hurd of
Newport, by whom he is survived; also by
a daughter, Harriett Isabella, born Feb-
ruary 18, 1903, now a student at Simmons

Dr. Edmund H. Albee

College. He also leaves a sister, Harriett
Hosmer Albee, pastor of the Congregation-
al Church at West Stcwartstown, who, by
the way, was named for the noted female
sculptor, a cousin of Dr. Albee's mother.
On the occasion of the last rites in
memory of the deceased, all the dental of-
fices in the city were closed and the mem-
bers of the profession attended in a body,
the bearers being selected from their num-
ber. — H. H. M.

SARAH HUNT CLOUGH

Mrs. Sarah Hunt Clough, wife of Alder-
man .\lbert C. Clough. died on March 16th,
at her home in Manchester, as a result of
illness from pneumonia. Mrs. Clough was
active in a number of women's organiza-
tions throughout the city, graduating from
Smith College in 1895. She taught at the
Manchester High School until her mar-
riage. Three daughters survive her, Eliza-
beth, Mary, and Constance.

LIZZIE A. DANFORTH

Mrs. Lizzie A. Danforth, wife of repre-
sentative William P. Danforth, died in
Concord on March 2nd. Besides her hus-
band, she is survived by her sister, Mrs.
Kate Smith of Concord.

CLIFFORD W. BASS
ClitTord W. Bass, former well-known
business man, died in Portsmouth on Feb-
ruary 18th. He was one of the best known
golfers in this state having won four times
the state championship. He is survived
by his widow, and two sisters, Mrs. Wilder
News of Rochester, and Miss Lena Bass
of Portland.

HISTORY

of the Town of Sullivan, New Hampshire

The exhaustive work entitled, "History of the Town of Sullivan, New
Hampshire," two volumes of over eight hundred pages each, from the set-
tlement of the town in 1777 to 1917, by the Rev. Josiah Lafayette Seward,
D. D.; and nearly completed at the time of his death, has been published
by his estate and is now on sale, price $16.00 for two volumes, post paid.

The work has been in preparation for more than thirty years. It gives
comprehensive genealogies and family histories of all who have lived in
Sullivan and descendents since the settlement of the town; vital statistics,
educational, cemetery, church and town records, transfers of real estate and
a map delineating ranges and old roads, with residents carefully numbered,
taken from actual surveys made for this work, its accuracy being un-
usual in a history.

At the time of the author's death in 1917, there were 1388 pages al-
ready in print and much of the manuscript for its completion already care-
fully prepared. The finishing and indexing has been done by Mrs. Frank
B. Kingsbury, a lady of much experience in genealogical work; the print-
ing by the Sentinel Publishing Company of Keene, the binding by Robert
Burlen & Son, Boston, Mass., and the work copyrighted (Sept. 22, 1921)
by the estate of Dr. Seward by J. Fred Whitcomb, executor of his will.

The History is bound in dark green, full record buckram. No. 42,
stamped title, in gold, on shelf back and cover with blind line on front
cover. The size of the volumes are 6 by 9 inches, 2 inches thick, and they
contain 6 illustrations and 40 plates.

Volume I is historical and devoted to family histories, telling in an en-
entertaining manner from whence each settler came to Sullivan and their
abodes and other facts concerning them and valuable records in minute
detail.

Volume II is entirely devoted to family histories, carefully prepared

and containing a vast amount of useful information for the historian,

genealogist and Sullivan's sons and daughters and their descendents, nov/

living in all parts of the country, the genealogies, in many instances, tracing

the family back to the emigrant ancestor.

The index to the second volume alone comprises 110 pages of three
columns each, containing over twenty thousand names. Reviewed by the
New York Genealogical and Biographical Record and the Boston Tran-
script.

Sales to State Libraries, Genealogical Societies and individuals have
brought to Mr. Whitcomb, the executor, unsolicited letters of appreciation
of this great work. Send orders to

J. FRED WHITCOMB, Ex'r.
45 Central Square, Keene, N H.

Plrnnc iiinitidii Tin; i;i;.\niti-; moN'I'ihv "i H'li'i'iif; Adrnlixrrs,

Vol. 55. No. 5

THE

May, 1923

GRANITE

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
MAY 1923

The Month tn New Hampshire //. C. P 197

For God and Country 199

The Le(;ion : Maker of Americans 208

Behind the Lines 211

What Auxiliary Units Do 213

State E'cecutive Board of the American Legion Auxiliary 214

A Portrait Gallery of Legion naires 216

New Hampshire's Labor Commissioner A. J. L 221

Their Son Bertha Cnmins Ely 227

An Anthology of One Poem Poets Arthur Johnson 230

Over the Top with Ayrshires H. Styles Bridges 232

In the Springtime Andreiv L. Felkcr 235

When Claremont Was Called Ashley George B. Uphani 237

Current Opinion in New Hampshire 240

Old Home Week and the Tercentenary Henry H. Met calf 241

Books of New Hampshire Interest 245

The Editor Stops to Talk 246

New Hampshire Necrology 248

NEXT MONTH

The Magazine Will Contain

Guernsey's That Pay H, Styles Bridges

A Third Article ctii New Hampshire Dairy Herds

The Highest Path in New England Jessie Doc

A Walking Trip Across the Presidential Range

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, fill out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY,
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

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If you have any kind of Real Estate to
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Please mention thb granitb monthlt in Writing Advertisert.

MAJOR CHARLES S. WALKER
Keene

N. H. Department Commander American Legion

"A doctor by profession, a Dartmouth man by education, and

a good fellow by divine right!"

Vol. ss

THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

No. 5

MAY 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

In the Legislature

THE month of April did not witness, two-thirds of the total membership of

as generally had been expected, the House,

the final adjournment of the New The open warfare between the

Hampshire Legislature of 1923. On Republican Senate and the Demo-

the second day of the month the Su- cratic House continued during the

preme Court answered the questions month, the upper branch killing

submitted to it by the Legislature in various "platform" bills sent up by

legard to the constitutional limits the other party from the House, in-

upon taxation; saying, in effect, that eluding the abolition of the woman's

the continued presence in the Consti- poll tax and a number of "home rule"

tution of the word, "proportional" measures. The House also decided

which the voters refused, in March,
to eliminate by amendment, makes it
impossible for the Legislature to levy
graduated taxes.

that it was "inexpedient to legislate"
as to more than a hundred proposed
acts during April, prominent in this
list being practically all of the new

This decision by the court made it state highway lay-outs asked for from

necessary for the Ways and Means all sections. The "budget" bills came

committee of the House of Represen- in from the House Appropriations

tatives to revise once more its tax committee at the end of the month

reform program, which previously had and carry a total of a little more than

suffered from the negative vote of the s'x million dollars for the running

people on the constitutional amend- expenses of the state from July 1.

ment. This necessity, coupled with 1923, to July 1, 1925. The only large

the further fact that the making up of special appropriation to meet the

the principal appropriation bills had approval of this committee was one

to await action on the revenue for $400,000 to make very necessary

raising measures, has been the main increases in the capacity of the State

cause of the protracted session of the Hospital.

General Court ; but another factor An interesting proposition making

contributing much to the delay has its appearance at the very end of the

been the evil of absenteeism, which session was the request of officers and

is noticed especially when the time graduates of the New Hampshire

arrives for final action on important College of Agriculture and the

disputed matters, the Constitution Mechanic Arts at Durham that its

requiring a two-thirds vote for valid name be changed to the University

action in the presence gf les§ than of New Hampshire,

198

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Important A})})ointnients

DURING the month the Supreme
Court named Colonel Edwin C.
Bean of Belmont as chairman of the
state tax commission in place of form-
er Governor Charles M. Floyd of
Manchester, deceased. Mr. Bean has
served in the State Senate and re-
signed as Speaker of the House of
Representatives in 1915 to accept
election as Secretary of State, holding
the latter position until the present
year. He has had agricultural, mer-
cantile and banking, as well as official,
experience.

Another appointment of the month
was made by Governor Fred H.
Brown and was that of Irving A.
Hinkley of Lancaster as attorney
general in the place of Oscar L.
Young of Laconia, incumbent since
1918, term expired. The appointment
of Mr. Hinkley, who is the youngest
man in many years to hold the
position, came as a surprise, as he has
not been prominent in politics and
was not one of the manv Democratic
lawyers mentioned in the press in
connection with the place. He is a
member of the prominent North
Country law firm formerly headed by
the late Senator Irving W. Drew and
having the late Governor Chester B.
Jordan and Judge George F. Morris
of the federal courts among its mem-
bers.

Grand Army Encampment

T^HE 56th annual encampment of
■*- the Department of New Hamp-
shire, Grand Army of the Republic,
was an event of April in Concord,
the occasion being honored by the
presence of the national commander-
in-chief and other distinguished guests
and the patriotic organizations afhli-
ated with the G. A. R. holding their
annual conventions with a large
attendance. There are now less than
1,000 surviving memlDers of the Grand
Army in New Hampshire,

News iNotes

"r|URING the ;iionth Governor
-*-^ Brown issued proclamations for
Fast Day, April 26, and for Arbor
Day, May 11. The former holiday
witnessed, as usual, the opening of
the baseball season in the state and
the chief annual function of the year,
at Nashua, of the Scottish Rite
Masons of the state, who announced
their intention to proceed at once
with the erection of a magnificent
home for their order in the Gate City.

T^ AILURE to arouse public interest
-*- in Concord in the tercentenary
celebration this year of the settlement
of New Hampshire led to a decision
to transfer the formal literary excer-
cises in observance of the occasion,
including an oration by President
Hopkins of Dartmouth College, which
were to have been held at the state
capital, to either Portsmouth or
Dover.

A N interesting state report made
"^*- ])ublic during the month was that
of the temporary fuel administrator,
Burns P. Hodgman, of Concord, who,
during his brief service of two
months, brought into the state 40,000
tons of coal at an administrative cost
of a cent and a fourth per ton. In the
detail of this remarkably successful
work Mr. Hodgman had the assistance
of Miss Mary A. Nawn, from the
state public service commission.

T^HE Republican Club of the legis-
-'- lature. at its last meeting of the
session, enjoyed an address by former
Governor and Congressman Samuel
W. McCall of Massachusetts, whose
New Hampshire connections are
many. He took a position in strong
support of President Harding's advo-
cacy of participation by this nation in
the world court. — H, C- P.

A memorial of trees is the most beautiful of War Memorials. Then Henry J.
Sweeney Auxiliary Unit of Manchester planted fortj'-eight Memorial trees in Stark

Park last spring.

FOR GOD AND COUNTRY

The American Legion, a New Hampshire Asset

THE^' had gathered in Paris, a group
of the finest men the American
Army produced, for the purpose of
(Hscussin'2: the Ijetterment of conditions
for the A. E. F. in France. Young
Colonel Roosevelt was there, and Major
Eric Fisher Wood, and many others
whose names are well known, and as they
talked one thought was uppermost in the
minds of all. A'ery soon they and their
men were to go hack into private life.
Gradually the bonds which held them
together in such splendid fellowship
would grow weaker and the vast power
of co-operation which had accomplish-
ed such miracles in war would never be

turned into peace channels, unless

The alternative was the idea out of
which grew the American Legion.

The meeting at the Allied Officers
Club in February, 1919, was followed a

month later by a caucus at the Ameri-
can Club in Paris to which were sum-
moned delegates from all branches of
the army, representing all parts of the
United States. And here New Hamp-
shire Legion history begins, for Major
Oscar Lagerquist of Manchester wasl
New Hampshire representative at the
conference, and Major Frank Abbott
was also present. These men brought
Ijack to the Luiited States when they
came an enthusiasm for the new or-
ganization and a wHlingness to work
hard for its success. Perhaps that is
one reason why New Hampshire beat
the entire United States in the matter
of organizing, chartering the first state
I^egion organization in the country.

The first Legion meeting

New

Plampshire was held at Manchester on
May 5, 1919, This meeting was call-

200

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Major Cain addressing the crowd at the Weirs. Among his distinguished
hearers the photograph shows Governor A. O. Brown, General Edwards, Dr. R. O.
Blood, and Lemuel Bowles, National Adjutant of Legion.

ed by Major Frank Knox for the pur-
pose of sending delegates to the nation-
al caucus at St. Louis. Forty-seven
representatives were present at that
meeting, and thev selected the follow-
ing delegates : Major Frank Knox of
Manchester, who was elected chairman
of the New Hampshire State Branch
Temporary Committee of the American
Legion, Jeremy Waldron of Ports-
mouth, Walter J. Hogan of Manches-
ter, George Fiske of Manchester, John
Santos of Manchester, Arthur Trufant
of Nashua, Hervey L'Hereaux of Man-
chester, William J. Murphy of Man-
chester, C. Fred Maher of Laconia, H.
E. Deschenes of East Jaffrey.

The St. Louis caucus increased the
enthusiasm of the delegates and, like
able business men that they were, they
lost no time in i)utting that enthusiasm
to work. Before they had reached New
Hampshire on their return trip, thev
had a plan all outlined for the organiza-
tion work in the state. The Legislature

had appropriated $10,000 for the pur-
pose of ])roviding a Welcome Home
Celebration for the boys. Major Knox
went to Governor Bartlett and asked
that the money be turned over to the
Legion. The Governor and Council
granted the request ; the Legion used
piirt of the money for a Welcome
Home Celebration at the Weirs in Aug-
ust ; the rest of the money went for or-
ganization.

Under the able direction of Major
Abbott, the organization progressed by
leaps and bounds. Laconia, organizing
on April 6, carried ofif the first charter.
Then in quick succession came the
Henry J. Sweeney Post of Manchester,
the James E. Cofifey Post of Nashua,
the Gordon-Bissell Post of Keene. By
the middle of August forty-two posts
had been chartered with a total mem-
bership of 3,000 members.

The first state to organize, New
Hampshire was also first to hold a state
convention. This took place at the

FOR GOD AND COUNTRY

201

Kiiiiuail

These men represent two kinds of New Hampshire Legion Post. A. Wilbur
Greene (left) is commander of the post at Greenville, a small town post which is a
force in community afifairs. Dr. H. H. Amsden (right) commander of the Concord post,

leads an equally influential city organization.

Weirs. August 26, 27, and 28, 1919; and
General Clarence R. Edwards was the
guest of honor. The camp ground at
the Weirs has for many years been the
rallying place of the New Hampshire
Veterans' Association, an organization
composed of veterans of the Spanish
War and the Civil War. The gather-
ings had been losing interest of late be-
cause of the rapidly thinning ranks ^of
the members. But now comes the
American Legion, to carry on in the
spirit of the old soldiers, and to con-
tinue the annual encampment, at the
Weirs, "New Hampshire's School of
Patriotism." It is a thought which
grips the imagination.

The 1919 convention drew up consti-
tution and by-laws, established head-
quarters at Concord, elected delegates
for the national convention to be held
at Minneapolis in November, passed res-
olutions favoring adjusted compensation,
and elected the following permanent of-

ficers : Commander, Orville E. Cain of
Keene ; Sr. Vice Commander, Frank A.
Quigley of Wilton; Jr. Vice Command-
er, Alan B. Shepard of Derry ; Secre-
tary-Treasurer. Frank J. A^bbott of
Manchester ; (Quartermaster, Charles W.
Buzzell of Lakeport ; Sergeant-at-Arms,
James P. Hartigan of Rochester; Chap-
lain. Rev. William H. Sweeney of Til-
ton.

These state conventions have been held
regularly since that time. The second
convention recorded 78 legion posts ; in
1921 there were 80; and in 1922, 82.
The officers elected in 1920 were: Com-
mander, Reginald C. Stevenson of Exe-
ter (re-elected) ; Sr. Vice Commander,
Dr. Robert O. Blood of Concord; Jr.
Vice Commander, Joseph Edwards of
Derry; Adjutant, PVank J. Abbott of
Manchester; Chaplain, Rev. William H.
Sweeney of Tilton ; Quartermaster,
Charles W. Buzzell of Laconia ; Ser-
geant-at-Arms, Aldg B, Garland of Mil-

SOME SNAPSHOTS

A parade, — the tramp of march-
ing men and the sound of military
bands, — never fails to stir en-
thusiasm and patriotism. Under
the auspices of the Gordon-Bissell
Post the ex-service men of Keene
paraded on Labor Day, 1919.

(Above) The reviewing stand
at the Weirs. Governor A. O.
Brown stands at the center of the
group.

(Left) The City of Keene has
been generous to the Gordon-Bis-
sell Post, giving it not only this
beautiful home but also money for
its maintenance.

OF THE LEGION

A delegation from the Henry J.
Sweeney Auxiliary of Manchester
attends military funerals. The

delegation is made up largely of
"gold star" mothers. The Henry
Sweeney Auxiliary of Manchester
J. Sweeney Unit is the only Unit
in the state to have adopted a uni-
form which is worn in parades and
on occasions like this.

(Above) Commander Walker at
the head of his Company.

(Right) The Henry J. Leclair
Post won first prize in the parade
which celebrated Greenville's fif-
tieth anniversary. This float did
the trick.

204

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

ton. Those chosen by the 1921 conven-
tion were: Commander, Robert O.
Blood of Concord ; Sr. Vice Command-
er, Charles S. Walker of Keene ; Jr.
\'ice Commander, Neldon T. Wright of
Portsmouth; Adjutant, George W. Mor-
rill of Concord; Judge-Advocate,
Maurice F. Devine of ^lanchester ;
Quartermaster, Charles W. Buzzell of
Laconia ; Historian, George W. Mor-
rill of Concord ; Sergeant-at-Arms,
Thomas S. McPolin of Wilton; Chap-
lain, William H. Sweeney of Tilton.
The 1923 officers elected last year
are: Commander, Cliarles S. Walker of
Keene ; Sr. \'ice Commander, William
E. Sullivan of Nashua; Jr. Vice Com-
mander, Joseph H. Killourhy of La-
conia; Adjutant, George W. Morrill of
Concord ; Judge Advocate, Maurice F.
Devine of Manchester ; Quartermaster,
Charles W. Buzzell of Laconia; His-
torian, Rev. B. F. Black of Wolfeboro ;
Sergeant-at-Arms, Frank N. Sawyer of
North Weare ; Chaplain, Rev. William
H. Sweeney of Tilton.

It is impossible to estimate the value
of these conventions, both as a means of
establishing Legion policy for the state
and as an opportunity of strengthening
the unity and comradeship which is the
foundation of the Legion.

In such fashion then, the New Hamp-
shire Legion was formed and has
grown. It has not all l)een easy. The
initial spurt of enthusiasm has flagged
at times ; the industrial troubles of the
state have taken their toll of members;
and the unfortunate misunderstanding
on the part of the public in regard to
the bonus legislation has undoubtedly
had its effect also. But the Legion is
making its way. A report from na-
tional headquarters as this article is
written places New Hampshire fourth
in the race for the best record of in-
creased membership. By the time the
magazine is in i)rint it may be first in
the list!

To go into details aliout the work of
the American Legion as a whole would

require more space than could possibly
be alloted to a single article. The best
energies of the organization are at pres-
ent directed toward the welfare of the
disal)led. It has been through its
efforts that Congress, inclined some-
what to short memory about the boys
in the hospitals, has passed such legisla-
tion as the Sweet and Wason bills. The
consolidation of the various govern-
mental welfare boards into the United
States Veterans Bureau is Legion work.
Here in New Hampshire many a piece
of beneficial legislation, including that
which increased the state war gratuity
t:) veterans from $30 to $100, has been
introduced and enacted through the in-
strumentality of the Legion.

Another important phase of the work
h\ education — education for American-
ization. In this the Legion works in
close co-o])eration with the National
Bureau of Education.

The summer training camps where
young men are given elementary mili-
tary training are sponsored by the Le-
<^ion. Major Blood is in charge of the
w ;rk in New Hampshire and Major
C in is also active. Three courses are
'^iven and a boy completing the three
courses receives a commission in the
( )fiicers Reserve Corps.

The work of the Legion is keeping
^reen the memory of the boys who died
"over there" needs no comment. To
put more solemn significance into
Memorial Day; to give the boys and
;^irls of the country a glimpse of the
real meaning of patriotism ; to make
them love the flag so much that they
would die for it — these are among the
most sacred trusts of the Legion,
whether it be the great national liody or
a tiny post in a little village.

In the main tasks of the Legion as
a whole. New Hampshire has co-operat-
ed splendidly. But that does not tell
the whole story. For the measure of
the value of the individual post comes
in its value as a community asset. Ap-
plying the test to New Hampshire posts

FOR GOD AND COUNTRY

205

A Group of Prominent Legionnaires

Front Row: Ncldon T. Wright of Portsmouth; Dr. Robert O. Blood of Concord;

Dr. Charles S. Walker of Keene.
Back Row: Maurice J. Dcvine of Manchester; George W. Morrill of Concord;

Rev. Wm. H. Sweeney of Tilton.

one is surprised and gratified at what
has l)een accomplished ; and the future
looks even hrighter. An unselfish or-
ganization, working for clean politics,
for community welfare, giving a lift
here to the l)oy scouts, and there to a
charitahle society, — what cannot such an
organization accomplish ?

To take just a few examples : the
Newport post, R. A. Shedd, Command-
er, presents a silver loving cup annually

m an athletic contest between the Stevens
High School of Clareniont and the New-
port High School; the Exeter post, J.
A. Tufts, Jr. Commander, recently dedi-
cated a most l^eautiful war memorial
designed by that distinguished son of
Exeter, Daniel Chester French ; the
Warner post, Henry H. Hall, Com-
mander, rendered valuable assistance in
])uilding the road on Mt. Kearsarge and
l)uilt a shelter on the summit ; the Green-

206

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

ville post, A.
Wilbur Greene,
C o m m a n d e r,
brought to the
town the moving
picture, "The
Man Without a
Country;" the
Pittsfield post, G.
E. Freese, Com-
mander, is res-
ponsible for the
organization of a
flourishing Cham-
ber of Commerce ;
the Contoocook
post, John Carr.
Com m a n d e r,
although the
youngest post in
the Department,
handled the ad-
advertising for
the community
Fourth of July
Celebration last
year and brought

thousands of people into the town, this
post also holds monthly smokers to
which the men of the town are invited;
the Canaan post, Dr. P. W^ Wing, Com-
mander, is actively behind the boy
scouts of the town ; the North Strat-
ford post> L. E. Barnett, Commander,
sponsors worth-while lectures, among
them one by Donald Macmillan; the
post at Woodsville, P. N. Klark, Com-
mander, promotes athletics and provides
each Christmas a dinner and party for
the poor children of the town; the Mil-
ton post, C. E. Tanner, Commander,
has distinguished itself by prompt ac-
tion in emergencies like fires and drown-
ing accidents ; the Greeneville post, A. W.
Greene, Commander, plans a series of
band concerts for the town this summer ;
the Claremont post, J. T. Townsend,
Commander, has helped stage two Safe

care to pay a
small sum for
the use of the
[) r i V i 1 e g e s ; the
Berlin post, H.
B. Moreau, Com-
mander, took ac-
tive part recently
in the school
graduation exer-
cises of the town ;
the Laconia post,
J. P. Pitman.
Com m a n d e r.
raised a consider-
able amount of
money to help
the State Hospi-
tal, and was one
of the first posts
of the state to
hold a "Dad's
Night ;" the Man-
Chester post of
Manchester, O.
A. Lagerquist,
Co mmander,
held a benefit for the Children's Aid and
Protective Society and is planning to
bring the Boston Symphony Orchestra
to Manchester for a concert this sum-
mer; the Concord post. Dr. H. H. Ams-
den. Commander, holds each year on the
Sunday just preceding Armistice Day,
an impressive memorial service to which
all the town is invited. One could go
on indefinitely, for there is not a post
in the state but has in one way or an-
other rendered community service.

The posts of New Hampshire are a
varied group. There are city posts like
those in Manchester and Nashua and
posts numbering only a handful of men
in a small village, like the post at Barn-
stead which is doing splendid work.
There are rich posts — until recently the
Gordon-Bissell post of Keene, Arthur
Olsen, Commander, held that title with-
and Sane Fourth of July Celebrations; out dispute; now it is contested by the
the Wilton post, Joseph Hurley, Com- James E. Cofifey Post of Nashua, L. A.
mander. makes its rooms a gathering Desclos. Commander, which has just re-
place for all the men of the tovvn ^yho chived a generous bequest — and there

C. F. Meacham of the Riley V. Strong
Post of Littleton, commands an alert and
flourishing post.

FOR GOD AND COUiNTRY

207

are posts which just scramhle along
pkickily. There are posts composed of
nearly 1007^ American stock, and posts,
equally patriotic, whose memhers almost
without exception are Americans hy
adoption. There is one post, the Evelyn
Petrie Post of Portsmouth, Mary A.
Kilroy Commander, which is composed
entirely of women, the only women's
post in New England.

The same divergence is apparent also
in the matter of Legion homes. Some
of the posts, notably those at Keene,
Littleton and Exeter, are installed in
quarters provided by the town. The
Keene post, in fact, received from the
town not only its home but a liberal
provision for maintenance. Other posts
have succeeded in buying their quarters.
Svmcook was the first of the smaller
posts to buy its own home without out-
side assistance. This is a business block,
of which the Legion occupies the sec-
ond floor and rents the first for stores
and offices. A similar plan has been
followed by the Tilton post. The home
of the Sweeney Post in Manchester is
the envy of })Osts throughout the state.
Nearly every i)Ost which does not own
its meeting place is ambitious to do so.
This aim looms large in the plans of
the posts at Ashland and Greenville and
Penacook.

And of course no article would be
com|)lete without mention of the social
activities of the posts. They are count-
less in number and unlimited in variety,
and serve the double purpose of money
getters and fellowship promoters. Le-
gion balls are listed among the activities
of nearly all the posts; minstrel shows,
movies, vaudevilles, theatricals, musi-
cal shows — Dover's production of "Miss
Springtime," for instance — fairs and
carnivals — Concord put on a very suc-
cessful one in 1920 — these are all popu-
lar Legion activities. The supplying of
wholesome recreation may be counted as
not the least of the Legion's accomplish-
ments.

The dream of those army officers in
Paris has become a reality. The Amer-
ican Legion stands to-day, an organiza-
tion of young men banded together for
the purpose of carrying over into peace
the unselfish patriotism and idealism
which inspired them to war service.
Definitely non-partisan and non-political,
it has yet upon its shoulders a respon-
sibility greater than that of any party
in the country. The movements which
the American Legion supports are bound
to succeed ; the i)olicies of government
which win its disapproval are foredoom-
ed to failure. How is this stupendous
influence going to be used ?

On the March

Maurre F. Devine
B}' his own admission he can make a
speech on any subject at any time.

THE LEGION: MAKER OF AMERICANS

An Interview With

ON the train arriving in Man-
chester at 5:30 (if it is on time)
one has for a very brief portion
of the trip a horde of strange trav-
eling companions. They are opera-
tives from the mills just north of the
city, men and women, clad in the
garb and chattering the language of
faraway lands. Some, Hungarians
and Italians, are swarthy, with skins
so ancestrally tanned that our north-
ern climate has never affected them ;
others again, Poles and Finns, are ex-
tremely fair with almost colorless
hair. They seem strangers in a
strange land, a feature but not a part
of the New Hampshire scene.

It was on this train that I was
rolled into the "Queen City" one
bleak evening of last March, and the
experience served as a good introduc-
tion to my meeting with Maurice F.

the Man In Charge

Devine, the head of the Legion's
Aiuericanization work in the state. I
had come to Manchester to interview
Mr. Devine with more or less levity,
for surely, I had believed, of all the
states in the Union good old Yankee
New Haiupshire is the farthest from
having an alien assimilation problem.
The crowd on the train disillusioned me.

"There are 20,000 of them here in
?^Ianchester," said Mr. (once Cap-
tain) Devine later in the evening —
all foreigners without a proper knowl-
edge of American spirit and institu-
tions. The Legion is trying to see
that they get that knowledge and get
it as soon as jxissible."

Maurice F. Devine is a tall, pleas-
antspoken young man with a distinct
gift of self-expression. As he flows
along, his captivated listener is com-
pelled to admire the wisdom of the

THE LEGION: MAKERS OF AMERICANS

209

The Camp at the Weirs has bccji called New Hampshire's School of Patriotism

men who chose him for the leader-
ship in the educational work of the
Legion.

"It has been widely and wrongly
understood," continued the young
lawyer, "that the Legion is the enemy
of our foreign-born population, be-
cause of its stand on immigration and
the foreign language press. Noth-
ing could be further from the truth.
The Legion has, and always has had,
the best interests of the alien at
heart.

"But the trouble is that the for-
eigner, even he who has settled in
America permanently, has not be-
come American either in character
or citizenship. He has lived in colo-
nies of his own, speaking his own
language, reading his own news-
papers, bringing up his children, not
as Americans, but as Russians, Ger-
mans, Poles, as the case may
be. He has felt himself not an
American but a stranger in a hos-
tile country, and has proved irre-
sponsible, ready for any trouble or

disorder, ready to believe any anti-
American propaganda.

"And yet all this is not the fault
of the foreigner .so much as it is that
of the native-born American wdio has
neglected his education, left him to
look after himself (after working
hours), and then expected him to ab-
sorb, mysteriously, from the air per-
haps, the essence and spirit of Ameri-
canism. The Legion is out to alter
that.

"We want to curtail the foreign
language press because it gives the
alien worker here a foreign view-
point on life. It is easier for him to
read, and consequently he prefers it
to the American papers. He reads
every day, let us say, 'The Albanian
News.' Every editorial begins 'We
Albanians.' Everything on the front
page concerns the doings of Alban-
ians in Boston, in Ossining, in Tur-
key. The impressionable child grows
up with the idea, 'I am an Albanian,'
instead of 'I am an American,' and
the harm is done. We can never have

210

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

a harmonious, contented country
while it is populated by forty differ-
ent self-conscious races.

"We want to stop immigration al-
together for five years and were back
of the present limitations on immi-
gration, because among other things
the .steady human stream flowing
from the other side prevents aliens
already 3iere from becoming Amer-
icanized.

"We believe that more ceremony,
greater dignity, should be attached
to the assumption of citizenship by
the foreign born. The average for-
eigner who becomes a citizen, ac-
quires his citizenship in a very per-
functory manner, a few words are
said to him and. Presto ! he is an
American citizen ! He cannot take
very seriously something given aw^ay
so lightly and casually.

"We want naturalization tests and
ceremonies that will mean some-
thing. We want the , naturalized
alien to be really fit for citizenship,
and we want him to be proud of it.
More, w^e want one hundred per cent
naturalization among foreigners res-
ident in thi.s country. 'Naturaliza-
tion Weeks' in December, campaigns
of education and appeals similar to
the Liberty Loan drives, have proved
a great success in many communities
throughout tlie land.

"We are against
propaganda preach-
ing forcible super-
vision of the Ameri-
can government, as
we are opposed to
everything contrary
to the ancient ideals
of the nation.

"We wish to keep
the flag flying over
every school in the
country, because it
means a lot to us and
we want it to mean a
} lot to every school
child, whether of

American or foreign-born parents. And
we wish to make the study of the United
States Constitution compulsory in every
school of every grade.

"We want to maintain the ideal-
ized view of American history in the
elementary schools because we believe
that to the verj^ young a noble tradi-
tion is more important than exact
facts. We want our children to look
back upon the nation's founders as
heroes, because we want to give them
models to look and live up to. That
about explains our stand on this much
discussed question of school history
books.

"As to the Legion's practical Amer-
icanzation work in this Department,"
here Mr. Devine blushed modestly
and apologetically, but without cause.
"Of course we have been handicapped
by lack of funds and available work-
ers. But we are steadily spreading
our Americanism propaganda. We
are giving illustrated lectures on
Americanism throughout the state.
We are trying to co-operate with the
public schools and all the organiza-
tions in the state which are interested
in this work.

"Finally, we have introduced into
the Legislature a bill providing for
the compulsory teaching of the Con-
stitution of the United States in every
school in the state.

"Is there anything
more I can tell you?
Have I said anything
you can use in your
Granite Monthly
article?"

And we. when we
suddenly remembered
we were speaking
with the Judge Advo-
cate of the New
Hampshire Legion,

were about to shout
appreciatively at Mr.
Maurice J. Devine,
"You've said a mouth- 1'
ful !" ^-

Mrs. Flora L. Spaulding
President of the New Hampshire De-
partment American Legion AuxiHary and
National Vice-President.

BEHIND THE LINES

The American Legion Auxiliary at Work

<?<!

had been so active in x'anotis
l)ranches of Woman's Chib
work that I half expected,
when I went out to the first con-
ference of the AuxiHary in 1919. that
I was going to find a lot of my old
friends. There was hardly a familiar
face there. That's one of the most
striking things about this work to

me.

It seems to

get

the women

of the National organization, is so full
of enthusiasm for the work of the
American Legion Auxiliary that she
carries her interviewer along with
her to a vivid realization of the sig-
nificance of this work.

"Is the Auxiliary definitely con-
nected with the Legion?" I asked.

"It's an entirely .separate organiza-
tion, but its constitution prevents it

who haven't been particularly active from taking a stand in opposition to

the Legion, of course.

"The movement originated." Mrs.
womanhood of the country just as the Spaulding went on, "at the very be-

in other lines. It's, a democratic,
group, too. a cross-section of the

Legion is a cross-section of its man-
hood. I have college women and pro-
fessional women among my workers ;
and I *have equally enthusiastic mem-
bers who can scarcely speak English."
Mrs. Flora Spaulding. President of
State Auxiliary and Vice President

ginning of Legion afifairs. The wom-
en's organizations who had done war
work believed that they should have
authority to organize along the lines
of the Legion. They wanted to carry
into peace the sort of work back of
the lines they had done during the

212

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

war. They ap-
plied to the tem-
porary National
Organization at
St. Louis ; the
matter was re-
ferred to a com-
mittee and favor-
ably reported to
the convention at
Minneapolis,
which authorized
the formation of
the organization.
At that time
there were 1342
units of Ameri-
can Legion Aux-
iliary, with 11,-
CCO m embers.
When the first
Auxiliary (Con-
vention was held
at Kansas City
in 1921, the num-
bers had increas-
ed to 3,653 units
and 131,000 mem-
bers. And last
year at New Or-
leans reports
showed 5,375 units
and 190,635
units in Mexico,

Dr. Zatae L. Straw

National Committee Woman for New

Hampshire: President of the Henry J.

mas, write to him
and things like
that. Some units
have been very
generous in
adopting these
boys.

■'Last year the
units in New
Hampshire raised
and spent $10,OCO
on relief work.

"Another thing
the Auxiliary has
done is to pro-
vide outlets for
the products of
soldiers in the vo-
cational schools.
The government
teaches the men
handwork but
does not provide
the mechanism
for turning that
handwork into

Sweene.v Auxihary Unit of Manchester: moiiey. -Last year
Daughter of a doctor, and a doctor her- at the New Eng-
self. "There were eight of us in my im- land Store in Bos-
mediate family practising medicine at one
time," she says. And that does not in-
clude her younger daughter who is also
on the way to becoming a doctor.

members, including

ton $36,000 was
turned back to
the boys who had
sent their handwork there to be sold.

Alaska, Panama,
France and Cuba as well as in the
United States."

Mrs. Spaulding smiled: "That gives
you some idea of the way the work
has progressed.

"Then there is the work we do in
Americanization. Keeping the flag
flying over our schoolhousQs, intro-
ducing simple but effective ceremo-
nials to be used in the naturalization
of citizens, teaching the etiquette of

"As for our work in New Hainp- the flag, encouraging the teaching of
shire. It has been largely hospitali- English in night schools. You see,

zation work up to this time. They
say that the peak of war disability
won't be reached until about 1927.
And it is so easy to forget what the
boys suffered. The Auxiliary has to
be constantly watchful. We aim
that not a single New Hampshire boy
in a hospital anywhere from Maine to
Mexico shall be without some one to
look out for him in a friendly way —
send him remembrances at Christ-

quite aside from the part which each
unit plays in its own community, we
have enough to do to keep us busy.
"We don't think the Legion could
get along without us now. They tell
us so at any rate. And we are hop-
ing that the time will come when
there isn't a single 'bachelor post' in
New Hampshire. We have fifty-two
units now and there are about eighty
posts, so you see it isn't an impossi-

BEHIND THE LINES

213

ble aim. It can be done."

"But the work must keep you most
fearfully busy," I said.

In answer Mrs. Spauding took me
into her "office," a little room bearing
all the earmarks of an executive
sanctum.

"The woman who cleaned here the
other day," said Mrs. Spaulding,
"sniffed at that pile of papers to be
tiled and said; 'You shuah must get
paid handsome for all dat wuhk !'
She couldn't understand why any
one should bother with it otherwise!

I have here complete card catalogue
records of all the New Hampshire
units. My successor is going to find
no loose ends or tangled threads if I
can help it."

And as we left the house we had
added to our original impression of
Mrs. Spaulding as a charming woman
an admiration for her as a competent,
efficient executive, who has given to
her Legion Auxiliary work, as only
her friends fully understand, more
of her strength than she had to ex-
pend.

WHAT AUXILIARY UNITS DO

In Their Own Communities

HAPPY is the Legion Post which
has its Auxiliary. Out of the ca-
pacious pockets of the unit, as
from the inexhaustible bag of the
Swiss Family Robinson, come so
many of the things which help the
Legion that a bachelor post is at an
inevitable disadvantage. The Auxili-
ary units are fairy godmothers to the
posts ; for instance, the Newport unit
waved its wand and forthwith there
were piano and whist tables for the
post rooms ; by a similar magic the
units at Peterboro, Berlin, Derry,
Concord, East Jaffrey and many other
places helped by furnishings and flags
and funds to make the Legion head-
quarters livable and pleasant.

Another activity, also of the fairy
god'mother type, is directed toward
individuals rather than whole posts, —
the "adopting" of ex-service men in
hospitals. The units at Alstead, Wil-
ton, Antrim, Lisbon, Manchester
(Manchester Unit), and Dover are
among those which have taken un-
der their particular care lonely boys
and have made their hospital days
happier by letters, little remem-

brances and friendly good cheer.

When a Legion JPost proposes a
good work the Auxiliary is first to
contribute, and oftentimes it seem.s
that the women are more successfully
resourceful in the matter of raising
money than the men. When the Mil-
ford post recently voted to equip a
playground, the unit immediately
voted $50 toward that purpose, and
that incident is repeated many times
in every town. The methods of
raising money are many: socials,
suppers, whist parties, dancing
parties, food sales, tag days, poppy
drives, etc., have all been tried suc-
cessfully. Dramatics have formed
an important part of the activity of
many posts, notably Antrim, New-
port, Londonderry, Dover, Lisbon
and Peterborough.

And perhaps all would agree that
the relief work carried on by the units
is of the most lasting importance.
Fuel, food. Christmas baskets, toys for
the children — these have all been dis-
pensed through units, and the en-
couragement and good cheer which
they have given cannot be measured.

STATE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE
AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY

A Group of Leaders in Auxiliary Work

(Front row left to right)

MRS. ABBIE JONES of Concord is Mer-
rimack County Organizer and State Chair-
man of Americanism, one of the most im-
portant branches of work which the Aux-
ihary is doing.

MRS. GERTRUDE E. HAWLEY of
Manchester, State Secretary, combines with
her work for the Legion Auxiliary a suc-
cessful business of her own. She is active
in the D. A. R., the Ruth Chapter of the
Eastern Star, the Business and Professional
Woman's Club, and many other kinds of
club work. She was one of the delegates to
the last National Auxiliary Convention.

MRS. FLORA L. SPAULDING of Man-
chester, State President and National Vice
President says, "The one thing I really can
do in this world is to cook." But her many

public activities prove that, though cooking
may be one of her most valued accomplish-
ments, it is by no means the only one. The
Manchester Unit of Manchester recently
showed its appreciation of her work by giv-
ing" a party in her honor.

MRS. ALMA D. JACKSON of Woods-
ville handles the funds for the Department
as State Treasurer. It requires a compet-
ent person to do this, for a good deal of
money goes through the Department's hands
in the course of a year. Mrs. Jackson is
equal to the job, and she manages to find
time also to take part in the many activities
of her own town.

MRS. EMMA ABBOTT of Derry repre-
sents Rockingham County, a county which is
one of three in the state to be 100% organ-
ized. That in itself tells the story of Mrs.

AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY

215

Abbott's efficiency. She is past-president of
the Derry unit.

(Second row left to right)

MRS. HARRIET HOSFORD of Woods-
ville is secretary and treasurer of her own
unit as well as being county organizer for
Grafton County. She is one of the most
active workers in Woodsville, which is it-
self one of the most active towns in Auxili-
ary work in the state.

MRS. GLADYS DAVISON of Woods-
ville is State Chairman of Publicity and
president of the Woodsville unit. Both she
and Mr. Davison, who has been a Republi-
can representative in the House this year,
are exceedingly active in Auxiliary and Le-
gion work and Woodsville's place in Legion
affairs is in large part due to their efforts.

MRS. EULA SMART of Laconia is the
Belknap County organizer and the best com-
mentary on her work is the fact that Bel-
knap County is 100% organized ; that is,
there is not a single bachelor post in the
county.

MRS. NELLIE F. BAGLEY of Newport
is also a representative of a 100% county —
Sullivan County. Mrs. Bagley is one of the
business women on the board and her work
for tlie Auxiliary is doubly commendable
because of the many other demands on her
time and energy.

MISS CHARLOTTE E. WRIGHT of
Portsmouth is State Historian. To run- a

successful business college and be president
of the Frank E. Booma Unit of Portsmouth
seems like enough work for one person ; but
Miss Wright finds time also to be chairman
of the local Civic Council, to act on the
board of directors of the City Club, to keep
the historical records of the New Hamp-
shire Legion Auxiliary — and even to do a
little china painting for diversion. Even
that list doesn't do justice to the number
and variety of her interests.

MRS. ELIZABETH TREFETHEN of
Manchester is County Organizer for Hills-
borough County and also treasurer of the
Henry J. Sweeney Post of Manchester.

MRS. JESSIE S. WOODMAN of Mil-
ford is State Chaplain of the Auxiliary and
an enthusiastic worker in her own unit.

MRS. CHRISTINE B. McCLELLAN of
Berlin is past-president of her unit as well
as county organizer for Coos County.

DR. ZATAE STRAW of Manchester is
National Committee Woman for New Hamp-
shire and President of the Henry J. Sweeney
Unit of Manchester.

Two members of the Board not included
in this picture are MRS. EULA H. BUCK-
ley of Dover, State Vice President of the
Auxiliary and Chairman of Hospitalization,
which is, of course, the most important kind
of work which the Auxiliary undertakes at
present; and MRS. JENNIE F. WELLMAN
of Keene, organizer for Cheshire County.

ONE HUNDRED PER CENT POSTS

Of the New Hampshire Legion

The following American Legion Posts of
New Hampshire have already enrolled for
1923 all the members enrolled in their res-
pective posts during past years :

Nashua, Rochester, Ashland, Suncook,

Warner, New London, Winchester, Hinsdale,
Troy, Alstead, Farmington, Salem, Enfield,
Brookline, Henniker, Manchester (Manchester
Post), Canaan, Tilton, Newmarket. The
others are fast coming into line.

A PORTRAIT GALLERY OF LEGIONNAIRES

The Three First Commanders of the Department: Knox,, Cain and Stevenson

"For God and Country nr associate oitrschc'cs together for the folloimng
purposes:

"To uphold and defe)id the Constitution of the United States of America;
to m-aintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one hundred per cent
Afnericanisni ; to preseri'e the memories and incidents of our association in
the great war; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the conununity,
state and nation; to combat the autocracy of botli the classes and the nmsses;
to make right tJie nuister of might; to promote peace and good will on earth; to
safeguard and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democ-
racy ; to consecrate and sanctify cur comradeship by our devotion to mutual
helpfulness."

— Preamble to American Legion Constitution.

A PORTRAIT GALLERY OF LEGIONNAIRES

21;

MAJOR FRANK KNOX

MiANCHESTER

First Department Commander, 1919.
^'^IVIOT ex-service but service men
until we die," said Major Knox, ad-
dressing the first state convention at the
Weirs in 1919, and this is the ideal which
as first Department Commander he built
into the new organization from its very
beginnings. Perhaps no man had a larger
share in laying the foundations for the
N. H. Legion, and when Major Knox puts
his hand to a task, whether it be the or-
ganizing of a Legion, the building of a
newspaper, or the defeating of a Constitu-
tional Amendment, one may be sure the
work will be handled efficiently and vigor-
ously.

He is a thorough believer in the future
of the Legion. He says: "The American
Legion is, in my judgment, America's
greatest bulwark against the numerous and
insidious enemies of American institutions
who now flourish under so many names.
The greatest field for usefulness which
stretches before the American Legion in
the years to come lies in the perpetuation
of the spirit of 1917 and 1918. The per-
petuation of that spirit which saved the
world in those years is the most vita! con-
cern of true Americans!"

Major Knox is a hard fighter and an
able business man — and it is not yet made
manifest what he shall be.

MAJOR ORYILLE E. CAIN
Keene

Department Commander, 1920

^^"Y^OU let me write myself up" said the
Mayor with a twinkle in his "grey
eyes "I'd say — 'Went to France- in 1918;
back in 1919. Glad to be home!'" But
this veni-vidi-vici type of account leaves too
much unsaid. We venture to fill in a few
of the gaps.

Major O. E. Cain, Mayor of Keene and
past Commander of the Department of New
Hampshire, is a real old soldier with a rec-
ord which goes back to 1900 and includes
service on the Mexican border as well as in
France. New Hampshire Departmeint
Commander in 1920, he had much to do
with shaping the policies of the new or-
ganization; and as member of the National
Executive Committee was active in push-
ing through Congress the Sweet and

Wason bills securing compensation for the
disabled vetofrans.

He believes that the chief tasks of the
Legion in the years just ahead are hos-
pitalization, Americanization, and adequate
preparedness. He believes that the Le-
gion's strength is the character of its lead-
ership: "The men who are at the head of
it are looking to the welfare of the coun-
try rather tlian to their individual desires."

MAJOR REGINALD C. STEVENSON

Exeter

Department Commander, 1921

HTHE only man in the history of the New

Hampshire Legion who has held the

office of Department Commander longer

than one term: that is Major Stevenson's

record. For he was elected to fill out the

term of Commander Cain who resigned and

re-elected for a full term by the next state

convention.

One of the delegates to the first national
caucus at St. Louis, one of the prime
movers in the organization both of the
state legion and of his local post, which
he has served as commander in years past.
Major Stevenson's Legion service has been
marked b_v the same quiet, thorough-going
devotion which characterized his service
overseas as Assistant Quartermaster in the
First Army Headquarters Regiment.

MAJOR CHARLES S. WALKER

Keene
N. H. Department Commander
American Legion
(Frontispiece)
A LWAYS interested in military affairs
Dr. Charles Walker was commissioned
in the medical department of the First N.
H. Infantry in 1911, served on the Mexican
Border in 1916, and in the World War was
commanding officer of the Medical Supply
LTnit of the 26th Division. He organized
the Gordon-Bissell Post at Keene and was
its first commander, the man largely res-
ponsible for the efficiency and busineiss-
jike manner in which the post is run.

"The American Legion," he says "is des-
tined to be the one organzation in the
LTnited States that stands for Americaniza-
tion and insists that the foreign-born shall
be able to read and write the American
language. This is to be accomplished
through our schools and is nation-wide in
its scope."

218

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

?<?

MAJOR FRANK ABBOTT

Manchester

Department Adjutant, 1919-21

/^H, I had just come home from stren-
uous service with the 103rd Field
Artillery and my health was sort of smash-
ed up and I had to have something to play
witli, that's all!" Thus Major Frank Ab-
bott, first Department Adjutant, describes
the trifling task of organizing the New
Hampshire Legion. Of the 81 posts in
New Hampshire, Major Abbott had a fin-
ger in the organization of not less than 76.
He was on hand when the Legion started,
attended the Paris meeting and the first
caucus at St. Louis, and helped put the
new organization on its feet.

"And then I had to get busy and earn
some money for my family," says the
Major. But although his duties as Trans-
portation Manager for the Amoskeag do
not leave him much time for outside in-
terests, he is still loyally for the Legion.
"The young brains of the country," is the
wav he describes it.

MAJOR JOSEPH KILLOURHY
Laconia

T^ROM one end of New Hampshire — of
New England in fact — -he was known
as "The little man with the big voice," and
his good humor, buoyancy and absolute
squareness won friends for him wherever
he went, whether he was fighting at St.
Mihiel and the Argonne, or acting as mem-
ber of the Governor's staff, or occupying
that most difficult of all diplomatic posts,
that of referee at an athletic contest or um-
pire at a ball game.

There has been in New Hampshire no
man with such a grip on the hearts of his
fellow Legionnaries, and when Major Kill-
ourhy was killed in an automobile accident
last October, his death was mourned not
only by Post No. 1 of Laconia, which he
had served as Commander for three years,
but b}^ every Legion man in New Hamp-
shire.

A PORTRAIT GALLERY OF LEGIONNAIRES

219

DR. ROBERT O. BLOOD

Concord
Department Commander, 1922

TJIS shortest title is M. D., his longest
Civilian Aide to the Secretary of War
in Charge of Military Training Camps As-
sociation for the State of New Hampshire-.
And in between these there are titles a-
plenty. The \\'ar gave him the right to
sign himself Major Blood, D.S.C. and
brought him also the Croix de Guerre and
two citations for bravery in the second
battle of the Marne and Chateau Thierry.
His Legion titles comprise that of National
Vice Commander, Past Commander of the
Department of N. H., Commander of Post
21 of Concord July 1919-July 1922, Dele-
gate to the National Conventions of 1921
and 1922. And in private life he is known
as member of the surgical staff of the Mar-
gareit Pillsburj^ Hospital, Concord, and a
physician whose large and growing prac-
tice speaks well for the confidence which
people have in his ability.

Kimball

MAJOR GEORGE MORRILL
Concord

Department Adjutant

(•C/^IVE me those 2,000 members, this
year, I lie awake nights thinking
about them." That is the way Major
George Morrill accepted his re-election as
Department Adjutant last August, and his
speech points out the fact that he is a hard
worker for the good of the Legion in New
Hampshire. To him belongs much of the
credit for New Hampshire's standing in the
membership contest being held by the na-
tional organization: latest reports place this
statei fourth in the race.

Major Morrill has been a member of the
National Guard since 1907. He served on
the Mexican border, and during the World
\\'ar was Captain in a quartermaster corps.
He was elected Department Adjutant in
1921 to succeed Major Abbott, and was re-
elected in 1922.

220

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

MAJOR OSCAR LAGERQUIST
Manchester

cfVOU'VE done a D-

good job, and
I'm going to do something for you!"
Thu3, General Edwards to Captain
Lagerquist, Q. M. C. when he had accom-
plished what no man in the American army
had ever accomplished before — the feeding
of a full division of 27,000 men and 7,000
animals on a road march — And that is how
he comes to be Major Lagerquist.

To-day he sits quietly in an insurance of-
fice, but one notices the crisp incisive man-
ner of the soldier of General Edwards'
statif who considered the provisioning of
40,000 men as all in tho day's work.

He was the first Legionnaire of the state,
having been detailed to attend the Paris
caucus. And when the Manchester Post
of Manchester was founded in 1919 he was
unanimously chosen Commander, an office
which he still holds.

"It is ni}' belief," he says, "that the Le-
gion will be increasingly a force and factor
in cleaning up politics and driving out the
elemc'nts which are trying to destroy our
government."

COLONEL -WILLIAM E. SULLIVAN

Nashua
.Senior Vice-Commander of the Department
"Y OU'D pick him as a military man at
first sight — iron-grey hair, level brows
under which are keen grey eyes, smiling
sometimes when the rest of the face is
serious, a firm chin and thin mobile lips,
a well set-up, soldierly bearing.

And you would be right; for the Senior
\"ice Commander of the Department of
New Hampshire was a Lieutenant Colonel
in the National Guard before most of the
present Legionnaires had learned the first
rudiments of handling a gun. His service
overseas is a story of clelar-headed efficien-
cy such as one would expect of him. He
has been active in Legion work in New
Hampshire from the beginning and he se,es
not only its glories, but its problems.

"The motives of the Legion have been
a good deal misunderstood, sometimes wil-
fully," ho says, "but I don't believe in
arguing about it or fighting back. We are
just going along demonstrating quietly
what we are really out for; and public
opinion will take care of itself. It always
does."

NEW HAMPSHIRE'S LABOR COMMISSIONER

A Strong Man and a Big Job

INTERVIEWING the Commis-
sioner of Labor, when first sug-
gested to the young journahst,
seemed a terrifying task ; long l^efore
the interview was over it had become
a rare pleasure, for John S. B. Davie,
practical creator and head of the Bu-
reau of Labor, is not only a hard-

workin

g, fear-

less and suc-

cessful

execu-

tive,

he is

above

all a

great

person-

ality.

fi rs t

sight the rug-
ged, square-
framed veter-
an of the
State House
seems an
"Iron Man,"
and it is with
a sensation of
poetic justice
that t) n e
learns he was
indeed an iron
moulder and
President of
the New-
Hampshire
Federation of
Labor when
appointed to
h i s present
position in

1911. by Governor Bass. But some-
thing more than the sheer strength
which speaks in every line of Davie's
face and frame has kept him at his
post throughout several changes in
administrations and something more
than mere fighting ability has en-
abled him to make innumerable
friends and settle countless disputes.
John Davie, hard-headed, hard-mus-

cled Scotchman is a graduate
and past master of the school
of hard knocks, and has learned
to understand men and their squab-
bles ; but in no school has he ever
had to learn the brand of "human
kindness" which he claims is the key
to all labor troubles, and which has

made him so
generally
liked through-
out the state.
When Gov-
ernor Bass, in
1911, sought
a staunch and
yet practical
labor man to
head the new-
ly-formed Bu-
reau of Labor,
he called up-
on Davie, who
had received
from organ-
ized labor in
New Hamp-
shire the
highest ofifice
within its
power to be-
stow, and who
had been ex-
ceedingly ac-
tive in the
creation o f
the new Bu-
reau. The
new Commissioner found an ab-
solutely novel task before him, be-
cause, although there had been Labor
Commissioners prior to 1911, their
powers had been so limited that the
office had confined itself to the gath-
ering of statistics. Chapter 198, Laws
of 1911, abolished this toothless old
department and substituted a very
different sort of State Bureau.

John S. B. Davie

222 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Commissioner was given pow- earned with hours of labor. Since

er to visit the manufacturing, mechan- those days Davie has never been

ical and mercantile establishments of forced to call upon the courts to back

the State, at any time, to see that the him up.

laws relating to the employment of A practical mechanic himself,

help were complied with and that rea- Davie is administering the factory

sonable sanitary and hygienic con- inspection law with a true under-

ditions were maintained. standing of the worker's needs and

The Bureau of Labor was given the yet a sense of what is and what is not
power to compel the observance of practicable for the qmployer. Ow-
the prescribed number of hours of mg to the fine co-operation of em-
labor (then fifty-eight, now fifty- ployers and employees of the state as
four, and perhaps to be forty-eight), a whole he has not been obliged.
It was given power to administer since this law went into effect, to en-
certain parts of the employers' liabil- force any of its penalties through the
ity and workmen's compensation act courts; nevertheless New Hampshire
which was placed on the statute factories stand second to none in the
books during the 1911 session. Eastern States.

The Bureau of Labor was also given January 1st, 1912, Chapter 163,

the power to investigate strikes or Laws of 1911, An Act in Relation to

lockouts upon application and to ad- Employers' Liability and Workmen's

just them or have them submitted to Compensation became effective and

arbitration and to make public its imposed certain additional duties on

findings, thus bringing the great force the Labor Commissioner. Under

of Public Opinion to bear upon the Section 3 of the act employers who

offending party. desire to work under the compensa-

The young Bureau and the new tion features of the act are required

Commissioner were taken lightly at to file a declaration of acceptance

first, especially by those employers with the Commissioner of Labor and

who did not know Davie personally, satisfy him of their financial ability

Mr. Davie believes that you should to comply with the succeeding sec-
first endeavor to administer a law, tions of the act. Twelve employers
then, if the parties will not comply, tiled their declarations of acceptance
enforce it, inflicting the penalties pre- during the two first years. This part
scribed. He believes in warning of- of the work has grown from twelve
fenders and giving them time to rec- to over 4,600 declarations. This scant
tify their shortcomings. Earlv in his dozen declarations, with all the other
term some employees thought that data of the department was filed away
this was a sign of laxness on his part, in a little wooden case which was
and that Davie was an easy-going then the whole "files" of the Bureau
man. a mere placeholder who neither of Labor. Today two big office rooms
barked nor bit, whose warnings could on the third floor of the State House
be disregarded with impunity. They are lined with steel filing cases. Corn-
were .soon set right on that point. missioner Davie, with justifiable pride,

Manufacturers soon found that the preserves the little old cabinet which

Commissioner was clothed with some once housed all the Bureau's papers,

authority, for early in his work he was and displays it to visitors as a .symbol

obliged, by the attitude of four or of the Bureau's growth,
five employers, to hail them into The man, by his firmness and in-

court and inflict the penalties pre- dependence, has made some enemies,

scribed in the laws they were vio- Some of the more extreme labor lead-

lating. Some of these cases were con- ers thought that, as a former work-

NEW HAMPSHIRE LABOR COMMISSIONER

223

ing man, Davie would be with labor
right or wrong in all industrial dis-
putes, and they have sometimes been
disgruntled by hi.s fairness and im-
partiality. Some high-handed em-
ployers, accustomed to doing things
their own way without check or in-
terference did not like some of the
rulings made by the Commissioner,
but the great sane majority, both of
employers and empoyees, has learned
to respect and like him.

Davie is a practical idealist ; practi-
cal through experience, an idealist in
his faith in human nature and the
Golden Rule. He believes with all
his soul in the common interest of
capital and labor, and has no sympa-
thy either for the shirker or the slave-
driver. He believes in the closest
co-operation of the workers and the
employer to the mutual benefit of
both. His judgment in industrial
crises has been absolutely disinter-
ested and motivated only by a love of
fair play. These qualities have made
him a respected and much called upon
mediator in threatened and actual
strikes and lockouts. To use the
words of the Commissioner,

"Under the provisions of Section 4,
of the act which re-organized the Bu-
reau, the Commissioner of Labor up-
on application is authorized to act as
mediator between an employer and
employees on questions relating to
wages or conditions of employment
in any establishment where ten" or
more people are employed. Regard-
less of the provisions of this statute
we are confronted from time to time
with controversies which might pos-
sibly have been avoided had both par-
ties in our industrial life used the
provisions of the act for settling af-
fairs of this kind. The commi.ssionei
is authorized to render a decision in
such controversies within five days
after the completion of the hear-
ing, copies of which are sent to both
parties and one kept on file in the
Bureau of Labor.

The act further provides that in
any case where the parties fail to
agree through the elTorts of the Com-
missioner, he shall endeavor to secure
the consent of both parties in writing
to submit their differences to the
State Board of Conciliation and Arbi-
tration. Our State Board of Concil-
iation and Arbitration is composed
of one employer, one member of or-
ganized labor, and one who repre-
sents the public. The decision of said
Board is final and binding on both
parties for six months or until sixty
days after either party has given the
other notice in writing that they will
not be bound by the same.

An appropriation is provided where-
by the members of this board receive
compensation only while they are
actually engaged in the adjustment
of controversies between employers
and employees.

Employers and workers of the
State of New Hampshire should pro-
ceed under the provisions of this act
before resorting to a strike or lock-
out.

The intent and purpose of that part
of the law which provides for taking
up any difference that may arise re-
lating to conditions of employment
or rates of wages is, in so far as pos-
sible, to eliminate from our indus-
trial life the strike or lockout as a
means to settle such differences.

The strike or lockout is not the
proper way to settle controversies
between employers and employees.
Both parties in our industrial Hfe
should realize that trying to settle a
dispute by a strike or lockout is al-
ways unsatisfactory and unneces-
sarily expensive to both sides. The
general public, although primarily not
directly involved in a controversy, is
bound to suffer when such a contro-
versy continues for any great length
of time.

"With such a law on our statute
books let us all strive to the end that
New Hampshire will be an example

224

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

to all other states in the elimination
of the strike and lockout as a means
to settle an industrial dispute."

During Commissioner Davie's ad-
ministration ninety-two of these in-
dustrial disputes have been brought
to his office for adjustment. Forty-
nine of these were amicably settled
through the Commissioner himself,
eight by the State Board, nine
through other agencies, seven be-
tween the parties, sixteen were lost
by the operatives, one company went
out of business and two are still
pending. Think of it! Ninety-two
great controversies, which caused
large financial losses to both capital
and labor, nearly all of which were
brought to a conclusion through the
advise and impartial work of one
man. Add to the above, eleven con-
ferences held before the Commis-
sioner which resulted in an adjust-
ment of the differences without re-
sorting to the strike or lockout and
it rounds out a remarkable record in
this line of endeavor.

By his honesty and efficiency
Davie has saved scores of lives and
great sums of money. He has averted
tie-ups which would have caused
enormous inconvenience to the peo-
ple of New Hampshire, the consum-
ers. But the State, believing that a
good man can never have too many
tasks to attend to, laid another on his
shoulders in 1917 by establishing a
State Free Employment Office, free
alike to the man wanting a job and
the employer wanting a man. Not
only was the Commissioner hence-
forth to see that there was fair play
to the working man, that he worked
under decent conditions and for hu-
mane hours ; but he was to surpervise
the bringing together of employers
and unemployed, to become the
great State Job Finder.

Davie smiled his mellow smile and
went to his increased task. He is
ever willing to serve more fully, and
work well ; he has been brought up

on it. He made as fine a success of
employment as he already had of
compensation, inspection and arbi-
tration. During the World War the
United States Government, through
Federal Director Clarence E. Carr of
the United States Public Service Re-
serve, came to Commissioner Davie
with a request for 1,698 men for
emergency shipbuilding, New Hamp-
shire's quota. Through the co-opera-
tion of the State Free Employment
Service with the Federal Director
there were enrolled 2,500 men, 1,600
of these men were placed on emer-
gency work at no expense to the Fed-
eral Government and at a cost to the
State of less than a dollar a man.

In the years since the establish-
ment of the State Free Employment
Office over two thousand positions
have been filled, but the Commis-
sioner is not satisfied. He would like
to see the employment service ex-
tended to meet the full needs of the
State, but for that purpo.se larger
appropriations and Federal co-opera-
tion would be required. There is a
constant drift of labor from one state
to another, and unless free employ-
ment service is provided throughout
the country. New Hampshire's Em-
ployment Office would be swamped
by all New England's unemployed.
Nevertheless one can easily see the
enormous saving, to both worker and
employer, by the co-operation of all
of the states and the Federal Govern-
ment in perfecting some method of
clearance.

On first entering the ofifice of Com-
missioner Davie, I made a great er-
ror. "This Department, I under-
stand," said I, "is a sort of buffer be-
tween capital and labor." The Com-
missioner, being a modest and courte-
ous man, assented with a nod, as he
crammed his well-colored old pipe
with tobacco shaved oft' a plug, but
certainly the Bureau of Labor is
something much more than a buffer
between classes in New Hampshire.

NEW HAMPSHIRE LABOR COMMISSIONER

225

It is a connecting and guiding link
as well as a lubricator, a link of in-
telligence and honest understanding
of both parties. It is a source of
guidance toward the common end :
prosperity of all classes. Davie sees
clearly and works to keep both horses
pulling together and headed right.
He uses the gentle pull of Reason
and the cutting whip of Law and
Public Opinion on one and the other
without discrimination. He hates
and discourages equally the em-
ployees who talk of '"smashing things
up" and the owners who speak of
'starving them into submission." In
short, he has tried to make the Bu-
reau of Labor a vital and beneficent
factor in the industrial life of New
Hampfshire.

However, a great deal remains to
be done in labor work here, and
Davie and ex-Governor Bass, two
prime movers in the re-organization
of the Bureau, would like to see the
splendid work accomplished during
the past eleven years under this law
continued. The workmen's compen-
sation law, the first in the East, has
become a little antiquated and needs
revising to meet present day living
conditions. There should also be a sec-
tion l)oard to adniin'ster the law.

The scope of the Employment Ser-
vice, as has been pointed out, should
be enlarged when conditions in sur-
rounding states make such enlargment
practicable. Above all there should
be more use made of the Bureau's ar-
bitration facilities before and not after
strikes have begun. In all directions
the work of the Labor Bureau can
and will be expanded during the
next ten years, and its natural growth
should be fully as great as that of the
past decade.

Of all the important and varied
tasks that he has accomplished since
the beginning of his term, Davie
takes greatest pride in his factory in-
spection work, and considers it one of
the mo.st vital. He began this work

in 1911, without a /single assistant,
and alone, sandwiching in trips of in-
spection between periods of office
work. That year he visited 300
large factories and brought about a
great many improvements in hy-
genic conditions and a great increase
m safety devices. For six years he
continued this "lone wolf" type of
work, defending the lives and health
of New Hampshire's industrial la-
borers practically single-handed. In
1917 the legislature passed a law pro-
viding for the safety and health of
employees in factories, mills and
workshops authorizing the employ-
ment of two inspectors to assist
Davie in his factory inspection work.
Ever since the Bureau of Labor has
annually visited over 900 factories,
improving the safety and hygienic
conditions of more than 80,000 people.
In 1921 the law was amended to in-
clude mercantile establishments and a
woman inspector was added to the
Commissioner's staff, who was as-
signed by Davie to inspect the stores
and restaurants of the state and see
that the shop girl got as decent work-
ing conditions as her sisters in the
factories. This woman inspector vis-
ited approximately 700 establish-
ments last year, which brings the
total of working places under the
Labor Bureau's inspection to about
1,600. The inspection branch of Com-
missioner Davie's office, you see, has
grown almost as much a.s the com-
pensation work since he was appoint-
ed eleven years ago.

The thing about this tremendously
important part of his function wdiich
pleases Davie, however, is not its
mere extent ; it is its efficiency. In-
surance men say that New Hamp-
shire factories are as a wht)le the saf-
est in the East, and such is Davie's
personality that he has achieved this
result without a single costly legal
fight. In neighboring states the fac-
tory inspection laws have caused more
long-drawn-out, expensive litigation

226

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

than any other portion of the labor
code. Davie modestly attributes his
success to the intelligence and willing-
ness to co-operate of New Hampshire
employers and employees, but I do
not thmk I shall give them cause of
offence if I say that the same man
could have obtained the same results
anywhere. Commissioner Davie is
eminently fair to both parties in this
as in other phases of his work;
and the knowledge that he demands
only what is just, and will not take
one tittle less than he demands, has
largely influenced the stand of em-
ployers on his recommendations.

Davie believes that healthy, con-
tented employes are a firm's greatest
asset, and that therefore employers
should be only too glad to do their
utmost for improved working condi-
tions. Like a certain famous Dart-
mouth College professor he believes
that co-operation is the keynote of
the universe, and that it contains the
solution of almost all our problems.
He firmly professes belief in the com-
mon interest of laborer, employer and
consumer, and works for the one good
of all. Combining this fine, optimis-
tic doctrine with an aggressive per-
sonality he has made some enemies,
a great many friends, and above
everything a great practical and tan-
gible success in his work.

Under him the Bureau of Labor has
grown from the infant descendant of
a political loafer's job, to a strong
young giant, influencing for the bet-
ter the entire industrial growth of the
state. Davie started with one as-
sistant; now he has six under him.
But through it all he has remained
the same quiet, unassuming and hard-
working man.

He is heart and soul, head over
heels, engrossed in his job, and his
great desire is that his work as Com-
missioner of Labor of the State has
been to lay a foundation upon which
permanent friendly industrial rela-
tions can be established between em-

ployers and employees of the state.
When finally his service for the State
is completed, if, through his efforts, he
has been a factor in making condi-
tions just a little better, he will con-
sider that his service for the State has
been worth while. He knows life
and his job and never becomes irri-
tated over unjust criticism.

The writer believes from the above
record that the present Commissioner
is the type of man New Hampshire
or any other State can ill afford to
lose from her service.

For many years the Bureau of
Labor of New Hampshire has been
known nationally. The Twentieth
Annual Convention of the Association
of Officials of Bureaus of Labor Sta-
tistics of America was held at Con-
cord, N. H., July 12-16, 1904. The
Bureau has always been a member of
a national association, although the
association has changed its name by
the amalgamation of the National
Association of Factory Inspectors
and the Association of Officials of Bu-
reaus of Labor Statistics of America,
it now being known as the Associa-
tion of Governmental Labor Officials
of the United States and Canada. The
department is well known throughout
the country and Canada. Mr.
Davie has always held important
committee assignments in the nation-
al conventions and has, during his
term of office, with the exception of
two years, been a member of the ex-
ecutive board which is composed of
the officers elected at the annual con-
vention. The New Hampshire Com-
missioner at the present time holds
the office of First Vice-President of
the National Association, which, to
the writer's mind, i.s a distinct honor
to the State.

The Bureau i.s also a member of the
International Association of Public
Employment Services and, through
the Commissioner, has always taken
an active part in conventions of this
national association. — A. J. L.

THEIR SON

A Story of Americanization

By Bertha Comins Ely

THEY both idolized the boy. No
uncertainty, that. But how dif-
ferently !

Ma Lempi's prideful eyes softened,
noticing the new library book on the
kitchen shelf. Not so Pa Lempi's. His
Hashed in anger. His mouth grew hard
and ugly, while his shoulders set de-
fiantly. Longer and harder farm tasks
he gave the boy ; but somehow they got
done. I\Ia Lempi saw to that.

Each morning she was Sulo's alarm
clock, for how could he hear one, mak-
ing the figures every night, long after
Pa Lempi loudly slept !

Every night, she cautiously rose on an
elbow lest she disturb her slumbering
spouse, and peered fondly through the
partly opened kitchen door at Sulo's
head, bent under the lamp. She sank
back content, after that glimpse, a ma-
donna smile making her face beautiful.

The matter of shoes was difficult. It
taxed Ma Lempi's ingenuity repeatedly.
Pa Lempi usually went without. So

did Ma — then, why couldn't their son?

"What's good 'nough for us, 's good
"nough for him. You make him no
good," Pa Lempi would fling at her.

But Ma Lempi was a mother first and
a wife afterward. She knew a thing or
two, a woman's intuition, that.

He should have socks too, if possible !
she thought.

Sulo objected. "You shan't go with-
out for me. Ma," he said.

He was troubled about his mother's
leathery feet hardly distinguishable in
the fresh earth, where she stood, an as-
paragus knife in her hand.

"I am shod like a queen, my Sulo.
Didn't you bring 100 on the card, this
week !" she replied, her ample unconfined
bosom shaking with knowing mirth.
They understood each other, those two.

Pa Lempi's gruff voice interrupted
the little confidence: "Ell be glad when
you get the age, sixteen ; not long from
now. A day's work you can do then."

A frightened glance swiftly swept Ma

22g

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Lempi's wooden face, but unseeing Pa
Lempi continued : "The books ! What
good are they? It's the strong hands
that do it," and he examined his own
horny ones with satisfaction.

That season the new asparagus beds
brought forth great luscious stalks. Day
by day, they were exchanged for more
money than Pa Lempi had ever seen
before. He hid part of it from Ma, but
she knew. She hadn't bent hot weary
hours over the brown earth for nothing.
She had a plan, but she held her peace.
Then came strawl^erry time, and
Sulo's every minute out of school was
needed to harvest them. The great red
berries hanging on their slender stems
above the hay litter must be picked care-
fully and packed closely to prevent bruis-
ing. They brought a better price so.
Pa Lempi knew Sulo picked faster,
packed better, than he. He gloated over
it. "We'll have bigger farm," he said,
"when you help all the time."

Sulo smiled, "The more I study, the
better I can make it," he answered.

"Books don't know. It's work that
tells ye," Pa Lempi retorted, uncon-
vinced.

Money was being C[uickly stowed
away for the bigger farm. A fine ap-
ple crop was anticipated, when the prom-
ising fruit stopped growing. It appear-
ed blighted. Pa Lempi couldn't under-
stand it. He had sprayed as others had.
He talked with his neighbors. He be-
came alarmed, and pointed out the con-
dition to Sulo.

Sulo, now a senior in the near-by
Academy was hoping to go to the State
Agricultural College. He had heard it
talked about at school. He had studied
the catalogue and longing filled his soul.
One time he brought a catalogue home,
and explained it to his mother. Pa
Lempi sensed mischief, when he saw
their two heads together.

"What now !" he thought, and later,
he found the catalogue and burned it.
He took matters in hand after that and
hid unfamiliar books that Sulo brought
home.

"The boy is mad !" he exclaimed.
But to his neighbors met at the cor-
ner store ; to his friends encountered in
bartering ; at church or meetings, praise
of his son was continually in his mouth,
and he always added: "Pretty soon, he
be on the farm all the time ; then we
have big one."

The farm stood off the main road,
under the beetling brows of a low moun-
tain. When the Lempis' secured it,
carrying a big mortgage, it seemed
pretty hopeless. After long days of
toil, however, the farm began to show
results.

Besides the flourishing asparagus and
strawberrv beds, were others of small
vegetables. A long straight row of
tomatoes, each phnt tied neatly to a tall
pole, foreshadowed a compensating re-
turn. Corn and potatoes covered sever-
al acres. Among the hardy brakes and
sweet fern, two cows kept the struggl-
ing grass down.

Mornings, summer and winter, Sulo
saw the sun rise while doing the chores.
Later in the day, he trudged three miles
to school. Always, at the crest of the
mountain, before taking the other side
at a trot, he looked back on the farm
nestled in the valley. Always, he glow-
ed with resolve, that he would help make
it the best farm possible. He knew he
could learn how, if his father would give
him time.

The blight in the apple orchard troubl-
ed Sulo. He told his Professor about
it. "Why not write to Washington?"
he suggested.

Sulo didn't understand, but began to
hope.

The Professor helped him write the
letter, explaining the condition in the
orchard. Sulo said nothing about it at
home, not even to his mother. After
that, every day he hopefully took the
mail from the oblong tin box at the
crossroad, when it held the flag signal
erect. At last came the expected letter.
It described the enemy and explained
how to exterminate it.

Oblivious to all about him, studying

THEIR SON

229

the letter's contents, Sulo was startled
by his father's heavy hand descending
in wrath on his shoulder.

"At the books! When the farm is
going to ruin ! You care not, my God !"

Sulo lurched, but regained his feet
and warded off the second blow, just in
time. Meeting his father's anger with
a smile, he said :

"See here. We have it from Wash-
ington. W^e can save the crop."

Pa Lempi listened unbelieving, while
Sulo explained ; then slowly 'his ,f ac€
lighted with hope. He grabbed Sulo
by the arm hurrying him out of the
door and across the gardens. They
broke into a run nearing the orchard.
Breathless, they hunted for the offend-
ing slug. Sulo was the first to discov-
er one. then Pa Lempi held another be-
tween his fingers.

"We'll kill 'em; now we know," he
yelled excitedly.

Ma Lempi, curious, had followed
closely behind and heard Pa Lempi.

"Ah !" she exclaimed, "The school !
It helps."

Pa Lempi nodded his head in assent,
thoughtfully.

Ma Lempi gave her son a wink of
understanding ; then trudged back to her
waiting tasks.

A few days before the end of school.
Pa Lempi took from the R. F. D. box at
the crossroad a square envelope. He
handled it gingerly ; wiped his earth-
stained hands on his overalls and
opened it.

The contents meant nothing to him,
until he discovered Sulo's name. His
face glowed. He laid the envelope on
the kitchen table.

Ma Lempi coming from the field to
prepare dinner, saw it. She too discov-
ered Sulo's name and joy filled her
heart.

When their son returned from school,
he explained that he had gained honors
and was to speak on graduation day.

From that time, a slow but subtle
change took place in Pa Lempi.

He drove with Ma Lempi to the city,

miles away, losing willingly a precious
day during hay time. He produced a
roll of bills and pointed to a shoe shop.
Not much was said. It wasn't their
way, but she understood and shop after
shop they entered together.

Graduation Day arrived at last. Sulo
was already seated in the row of honor
students on the platform, when he spied
his father and mother enter the hall.
She was resplendent in a summer silk,
and hat with flowers ; he, in a fine new
suit. Timidly, they found seats near
the front.

Lnaccustomed Ito the gayly dressed
audience ; awed by the beautiful laurel
and rose decorations, stirred by the or-
chestra, their one outstanding joy was
a consciousness of Sulo, seated seJf-
possessed on the platform.

When Sulo advanced to the front of
the platform and stood under the rose
arch and began to read his essay: "Some
Finnish Customs," Pa and Ma Lempi
were unmindful of their surroundings,
transplanted to the land of their birth.
They nodded understandingly to Sulo
who seemed to be talking directly to
them. Could it be their son, who stood
in such honor before them!

Then came the conclusion : "Though
the customs of the old country are deep-
ly cherished ; still, here in America are
others of equal value, and great oppor-
tunities await those who have the de-
sire and determination to grasp them.
Success awaits those having the right
spirit, and nothing really stands in their

way I wish especially to thank

my teachers and schoolmates, who have
been such a wonderful help to me."

Amid the genuine applause that fol-
lowed, none was more enthusiastic than
Pa or Ma Lempi's. They nodded to
each other. They smiled openly at their
son, who sat modestly in his place.

Sulo's heart stopped going like a trip
hammer, and glowed thankfully. Sud-
denly, he realized how young and hap-
py his mother looked and that his
father's vigorous clapping meant ap-
proval and consent.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Arthur Johnson

Ralph Waldo Emerson once said,
as suddenly as the thought struck
him. when he and a friend of his,
who long ago described it to me,
were hunting for a lost poem to-
gether: "I should like to have an
anthology of the one-poem poets !"—
in sympathy with which fugitive
wish the poems to be published un-
der this heading from month to month

have been selected, though it is not
presumed their authors have not, in
some cases, written other poems
which to some tastes are of equal
or perhaps even greater merit. It is
probable that some at least of the
poems here published will be collected
later in book form. Suggestions will
be welcome.

A. J.

BEDOUIN SONG

By Bayard Taylor

From the Desert I come to thee

On a stallion shod with fire ;
And all the winds are left behind

In the speed of my desire.
Under thy window I stand,

And the midnight hears my cry :
I love thee, I love but thee.

With a love that shall not die
Till the sun groivs cold,
And the stars arc old.
And tJie leazrs of the Judgment Book unfold!

Look from thy window and see
My passion and my pain ;
I lie on the sands below.

And I faint in thy disdain.
Let the night-winds touch thy brow

With the heat of my burning sigh.
And melt thee to hear the vow
Of a love that shall not die
Till the sun grozvs cold,
And the stars are old.
And the leaz'cs of tJie Judgment Book unfold!

My steps are nightly driven,

By the fever in my breast,
To hear from thy lattice breathed

The word that shall give me rest.
Open the door of thy heart,

And open thy chamber door.
And my kisses shall teach thy lips
The love that shall fade no more
Till the sun grows cold.
And the stars are old,
And the leaves of the Judgment Book unfold!

POEMS 231

LOVE AND TIME

By Louise Imogen Guiney

The frost may form apace,

The roses pine away :
If Lyce's lover see her face

Then is the summer's day.

A word of hers, a breath,

And lo! his heart shall seem
To peer far down where life and death

Stir like a forded stream.

O Time beyond avail

That hast with Love to bear
Till thy last eve dance down the gale

With no star in her hair:

Spirit of outgrown fear.

Dethroned but undestroyed,
How l)itter yet for thee to hear

(Cast under in the void) —

Love wake the solar chime !

Love turn the wheel of Night!
Thou art so little, ashen Time.

In Love's eternal might.

IN THE BOOK THAT YOU HAVE READ

By Sophie Jew^ett

I need no pencilled margin line;

By sul)tler emphasis.
Page after page, I can divine

Your thought of that and this.

I know that here your grave lips smiled

The smile that Beauty brings;
And here you listened where some wild

Age-smitten forest sings.

Here your brow wore the world-old pain

No poet may forget;
And here you stayed to read again;

Here, read through lashes wet.

So. leaf by leaf, until, I deem,

Your darkened eyes forsook
One shining page, because your dream

Was lovelier than the book.

Mi ill "I "I HI id

:mtt III HI ill in lit

r r iHi

The Sawyer Herd and Farm Buildings

OVER THE TOP WITH AYRSHIRES

A Farm Where Father and Sons Are Working Together

By H. Styles Bridges

AYRSHIRES are making good in
New Hampshire. Striking evi-
dence of this fact can be found
in the many successful herds through-
out the state. They are rugged and
hardy, and thrive in our vigorous cli-
mate, and on our rocky hillside past-
ures. Ayrshires are natives of Scot-
land and as a rule, where they are
found in this country today, they
seem to bring the Scotch thrift with
them. One of the outstanding herds
m New Hampshire i.s owned by N. H.
Sawyer and Sons of Atkinson. The
Sawyer herd is composed of forty
purebred animals of a very uniform
type. They run largely to white in
color, and the mature cows average
better than one thousand pounds each
in weight. They have large syste-
matic udders with well placed teats.
The herd as a whole is a sight any
dairyman would like to see.

The Sawyer farm is known as Wil-
low Cottage Farm, and is a typical
New England farm of two hundred

and thirteen acres. The farm is di-
vided into about eighty acres tillage,
and the remainder pasture. The
buildings are modern with all up-to-
date improvements. Located on the
farm are three homes occupied by Mr.
Sawyer and his two sons, respective-
ly ; a fine example of what ownership
of more New England farms should
involve. The sons, Arthur and Clif-
ford, each have a joint interest in the
farm and are both graduates of the
New Hampshire Agricultural College.
They are striking examples of gradu-
ates that are putting their training to
a successful test in practical agricul-
ture. Both sons take an active part
in the community life, Arthur serv-
ing as selectman of the town of At-
kinson.

Herbert N. Sawyer, the father, is
one of the best known men of New
Hampshire and one of the State's
leading citizens. He holds the offices
of Master of the State Grange, Vice-
President of the State Farm Bureau

OVER THE TOP WITH AYRSHIRES

233

Three Winners of the Sawyer Herd; All on Advanced Registry Work.

Federation, and Vice-President of the
Rockingham County Farmers' Ex-
change.

The actual management of the herd,
farm, and marketing is divided among
the three. The herd is composed of
many outstanding animals of worth
and promise. Thirteen cows are now
on test in Advanced Register work,
and from the records to date, it looks
as if they would finish 100% strong,
for all are running far ahead of the
requirements and give evidence of
finishing with safe and wide margins
to spare.

One of the interesting animals is
Beautiful Vira, 9 years of age, wbo
has three daughters in the herd who
are in A. R. work. She has in the
months of March and April milked
nearly 3000 lbs. of 4.4% milk. Her
daughters are typical of their dam in
type and beauty and are ireal pro-
ducers; Vira Bell milking 4578 lbs. in
120 days to date, and Lone Oak Queen
6753 lbs. in 211 days. Another promis-
ing young cow is Peggs of Lone Oak.
a three year old, whose test has run
to date, 133 days, and who has pro-
duced in this time, 5440 lbs. milk.

The herd i.s an exceptionally high
testing one for the breed ; the average

for the past year running around 4.3%
fat.

The herd's senior sire is White
Nell's Good Gift, a bull of excellent
type, weighing 1800 lbs. He is an
active, vigorous animal, showing fine
quality and style. He was sired by
Lessenessnock Gem's Good Gift, an
A. R. sire who is the sire of Aga-
wan Hargrave with an Advanced
Registry record of 14,937 lbs. milk and
also Lotus Jean Amour, an A. R. cow
with a record of 10,625 lbs. milk and
407.74 lbs. fat. The record priced
Ayrshire cow of the breed, selling
for $1800 at the National Ayrshire
sale, grandsire is also grandsire of
this bull. Lessenessnock's Good Gift
has 9 A. R. daughters with 20 com-
posite records which average 10,500
lbs. milk and 450.54 lbs. fat. The
dam of the herd sire is White Nell
of Beverly, who is backed by A. R.
records equally as good as the sire.
The Sawyers plan to make an A. R.
sire of this bull. The cows are milked
three times a day and now the milk-
ing is by hand, as the milking machine
has been discarded since going into
A. R. work.

The roughage for feeding purposes
is raised on the farm and is in the

234

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Lone Oak Qu:-en: Record 6,753 lbs. milk in 211 days.

form of good clover hay and corn si-
lage. Last year a start was made in
alfalfa and the crop was so success-
ful and the effect of its feeding value
so noticeable that this year it is
planned to put in ten acres. The trial
plot of alfalfa was grown as a dem-
onstration under the direction of the
Rockingham County Farm Bureau
and the Extension Service of the New
Hampshire State College. Various
cash crops are raised to supplement
the income from dairving and to

work into the crop
tatoes, tomatoes,

squash and fruit
make up these cash
crops, all are grown
under up-to-date

methods and good
results are obtained.
The farm has a
wonderful market
for its dairy pro-
ducts in the near-
by city of Haver-
hill, Massachusetts,
where a big reputa-
tion has been won
for quality products.
A large retail milk
route is conducted
and the milk sold at

rotation.

Po-

fancy prices. All
milk put out is sold
as from tuberculine
tested stock and un-
der cap and seal.
Special attention is
given the supplying
of baby milk for
which there is a
steady growing de-
mand.

The young stock
of the farm show
signs of exceptional
thrift and excellent
care. Air. Sawyer
states that the hard-
iness of the calves
and the extreme
ease with which they can be raised
is in his opinion one of the big
assets of the breed. They are rarely
l)()thered by the disorders that so
frequently bother the young of other
l;reeds. Plans are being made to raise
all the heifers for the time being,
until the farm reaches its capacity of
registered stock. The surplus bulls
are sold at reasonable prices to farm-
ers both for heading purebred herds,
and for building up grade herds.
The herd is under state and federal
test for tuberculosis.

pa ■■'Sail

Senior Herd Sire: White Nell's Good Gift.

OVER THE TOP WITH AYRSHIRES 235

At Willow Cottage Farm they in the future. The farm is in every

seem to have solved one of the big respect an ideal example of what

problems of profitable dairying, that more New England farms should be.

is, in making a start with registered The progressive practices used, the

animals from the right foundation business-like method with which

stock. There is little question but everything is conducted, the line pure-

what the success or failure of every bred herd, the successful growing of

farm with purebred stock depends cash crops, and best of all the fine

somewhat upon the quality of the co-operation and joint ownership of

foundation stock and in this respect father and sons, all go to make this

the Sawyers have made an excellent farm an excellent paying proposition,

start. Their herd is one that would an ideal home, and an asset of which

command attention anywhere and one the State of New Hampshire may

that gives evidence of great promise well be proud.

IN THE SPRINGTIME

By Andrew L. Felker

Commissioner of Agriculture

^r I 1 1 S the natural tendency of the pressed and wearied nerves, strengthen

I human mind to desire to see and make active the brain, harden the

something growing out of doors flesh and build up athletic muscles ; in

as the Springtime season of the year fact it is the true growing season of the

approaches, and most folks want to have mind and the body, and the Easter time

a part in helping to make things grow, for development and growth of the

Ambitions expand like swelling buds Soul.

and bursting corollas, and he who be- There is no one who toils for pleasure
comes inspired will be found digging in or profit under a more enlightening and
the garden, raking up the lawn, planting life inspiring environment, than does the
the seed, not because he delights in or farmer. His lot is cast in the midst of
loves the work especially, but because living, growing things, and he, in fuller
he joys in seeing things grow. It is measure than any of his fellows, has a
Mother Nature's call to her children larger share in the training and develop-
to cuddle close to her warm breast ing of those God-given essential elements
again. which with his aid and care, respond to
Life out of doors in the Springtime is a renewed and larger usefulness in the
vibrant with those necessary elements economy of life.
that revitalize and make new the de- Hail, all hail the Springtime !

236

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

■rSTTTTTTr-

Oiimr'ii.<r/ut/'' lit

lull Z^ »-<^w~ I

^ r.^ *^' '^ -*

KiK-liefteri,' 7^,/.^, ,

Part of the Map of New York, including part of New England. — London, 1779.

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY

III

Two English Maps of Revolutionary Times

By George B. Upham

AX English mai) of New York, pul)-
lished in 1779. includes the Hamp-
shire Grants and a narrow strip of
western New Hampshire. It is en-
titled

AN
accurate MxA.P of
NEW YORK
in NORTH AMERICA
fn;m a LATE SURVEY
It shows no settlements east of the
Connecticut River except Charlestown
and Ashley. The precise location of
die latter is indicated by a small cir-
cle placed between two unnamed
streams. unmistakably Sugar and
Little Sugar Rivers.

Another wartime map was pub-
lished in the Political Magazine
London, \'ol. I. p. 670 in October 1780.
Its title is:

A NEW AND ACCURATE MAP of
the Province of
NEW YORK and Part of the
JERSEYS,
NEW ENGLAND and CANADA
Showing the SCENES of our
MILITARY OPERATIONS during
the present WAR.
Also the NEW ERECTED STATE OF
VERMONT
This shows Ashley and neighboring
towns exactly as on the English map
of 1779, except that the name Spring-
field, V^ermont. is added, appearing in its
proper place between Rockingham and
Weathersfield ; better known as Bel-
lows Falls. Black River is shown rising
in Dunmore Lake and flowing up, over

and down from the Green Mountains.

No undue New York influence
afifected the drawing of this map, for a
for the most part, correctly positioned
dotted line shows its eastern boundary,
and east of that is plainly engraved:
TPIE HAMPSHIRE

GRANTS

or the New Erected

STATE OF

VERMONT

Parts of each of the above described
m:q)s showing xAshley and the upper
Connecticut River X^alley are published
herewith. For the use of the originals
we are indelited to Mr. Horace Brown
of Springfield, Vermont, who possesses
the finest private collection of early
American maps known to the writer.'^*

For early maps of Vermont we
must look, as we have seen, to the
early maps of New York. This is. of
ours.e, excepting the rare Blanchard
and Langdon map of New Hampshire,
including the Hami)shire Grants, pre-
pared for pul)lication in 1761 before
Claremont was settled or chartered.
About a quarter of the land after-
wards included in Claremont is there
shown as a part of Buckingham, a
township whose charter was soon for-
feited. (See Granite Monthlw vol. Li.
I). 500.)

The map of New Hampshire pre-
l),.red for jjublication in 1773 and
1774. l;)y Samuel Holland, Esqr., "Sur-
veyor General for the Northern Dis-
trict of North America," is the most
accurate contemporaneous map of any

(1) Mr. Brown and Mr. H. G. Tupper. also of Springflekl, Vt., happened one afternoon to call
at the same hour upon the writer at his summer home in Claremont. After li.stening to their dis-
cussion of rare colonial maps, with the occasional mention of an original owned by one or the
other, he finally ventured to ask; "Eces ivay resident of Springfield possess a collection of early
American maps?'' From Mr. Brown instantly came the answer, "Why. over there it's a prere-
quisite for voting."

Mr. Brown carries his interesrt in thin6.s historical so far that his house, owned for genera-
tions in the family, is a most carefully preserved, and only where necessary restored, early New
England farmhouse. Everything about it. every piece of furniture, furnishing and almost every
utensil in it is such as was to be found in the best New England farmhouses of a century or
ancre ago.

238

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Part of Map Published in the PoHtical Magazine for October,

1780.

WHEN CLAREMONT WAS CALLED ASHLEY

239

of the thirteen colonies. Holland lived
in Portsmouth and had the oppor-
tunity of studying the plans attached
to all the Wentworth charters, show-
ing the outlines of the towns with
courses and dist:nces. Holland and
his assistants had traveled widely in
New Hampshire, so his map shows
all the roads, mostly bridle paths,
then existing ; the larger dots along
the roads indi-ate houses. Holland,
of course, made no mistake in placing
the name Claremont in prominent
letters within the boundaries of the
town shown by him, but in small
letters he placed the name "Ashleys"
e:;st of the Great Road and not far
from the ferry. Near this are two
house dots, one is probably that of
the house owned by the Pu'tnams.
the other is about at the site of the
residence of Mr. Cliristopher, long
owned by the late John Bailey. It
was on or near this spot that Captain
Oliver Ashley lived. Another dot in-
dicating a ; house then owned 'by the
Ashleys is north of the sharp rig*ht-
angled bend in the river above the
ferry. This was on the terrace over-
looking the meadow a few rods beyond
where the beautiful well-marked but now
abandoned road leads up the hill to
the sites of the "Jones" and "Woodell"
houses. Here the name "S. Mitchell"
appears on the Willing map of Clare-
mont published in 1851. This Ashley
house has long since gone but around
its site the lilacs still grow vigorous-
ly. These houses were plainly visible
from the Connecticut. Voyagers in
birch canoes, dugouts and skitTs
saw them, perhaps obtained provisions
from them, and called the place Ash-
ley or Ashleys.

l( the London geographers had the
drawings made for Holland's map
why did they ignore the name Clare-
mont, and make other mistakes that
might have been avoided by using
them ? Probably the drawings were
not available until after the Treaty
of Peace. Perhaps in the hurried de-

parture of the Governor and his
friends they were left in Portsmouth;
I)erhaps they were placed and re-
mained in the private possession of
Paul Wentworth, a wealthy resident
of London, for it was by his direction
and at his expense that the map was
engraved and published in 1784. Had
Holland's drawings been accessible to
the London geographers they surely
would have made use of them, and we
should see some indication of it in the
maps published during the Revolution.

How, it may be asked, did knowl-
edge of the name Ashley find its way
to London, supplanting the name
Claremont given in the charter twelve
years before the earliest of these
maps was published ? The geogra-
phers were eager for information.
British officers, pent u\) in Boston,
later in New York and Philadelphia,
could give little aid. But over the
unguarded northern boundaries of the
Hampshire Grants swarmed scores of
British spies, and in the other direc-
tion went scores of Tories eager to
impart all information in their power
to give. Haldimand, the Governor-
General of Canada, possessed a well or-
ganized Secret Service, most creditable
from the British point of view.

Charlestown — No. 4 was settled in
1740 and owing to its situation in the
Connecticut River valley, its fort and
occupancy as a military post, it was
during the Revolution, from a military
point of view, the most important in-
land town in all New Hampshire.
British spies frequently visited it.
Thev mav long have known about the
place on the river called Ashley ; if
not they could have learned of it in
Charlestown. In this way the name
was probably carried to Quebec,
thence to London.

Of one fact we may rest assured,
viz. : that the London geographers
would not have marked this place
Ashley on their maps had they not
been reliably informed that it was thus
called by people living in or near it.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

A Page of Clippings

The American Legion

In the American Legion this country
has a most powerful influence against
the spread of communistic and radical
doctrines. Here's more power to the
Legion's strong right arm. — Free Press,
Sotiicrsworfli.

It's Worth Five Dollars

We heheve that ex-Governor Bass's
suggestion, that, instead of ahoHshing
the poll tax for women, the tax for
hoth men and women l)e reduced to
$2.00 and the women l)c relieved of
the temporary additional tax for th,e
soldiers' honus, is an excellent one.
Personally, we think that a $5.00 poll
tax is none too large anyway. There
is not a single resident of either sex
who does not derive that much ])enefit
from otir well lighted, well paved, well
policed streets and all the other mu-
nicipal improvements which have cost
so much monev. Each resident ought
to he expected to hear some small
s'-.are in the expense of this great
municipal plant. But anyway, if that
is too much, it should he reduced for
men. as well as women, rather than
letting the men pay and relieving the
women of it altogether. — Rochester
Courier.

Some Guesses About Governors

Chester B. Jordan of Keene or
Arthur P. Morrill of Concord were
picked as likely Rejuihlican candidates
for governor of New Hampshire in
1924. hy Former Governor Bartlett
while in Concord a few days ago. and he
said the candidate should he a young
man. Mr. Jordan is a son of a former
governor of Xew Ham])shire. and Mr.
Morrill was a candidate for the nomina-
tion in 1920 and was l^adly defeated by
Mr. Goodnow of Keene. The latter
was defeated hy Gov. Brown at the
last election, but there really doesn't
seem to, be any good reason why he

should not run again if he cares to. as
he made a good campaign and would
probably have been triumphantly elected
excei)t for the fact that it was a Demo-
cratic year and he happened to be run-
ning on the wrong ticket. — Laconia
Democrat.

Playing Politics

The people of New Hampshire want
partisanship at Concord stojjped. It is
time to consult the good of the state.
He serves his part\' best who does that.
Time s])ent in passing bills it is known
the other house will reject is wasted.
Partisanship should end with filling the
ofifices. That was properly done. Good
men retired; as good men fill their
places. Nobody can complain. But
stop there. — Granite State Free Press.

The Water Power Bill

Support of a bill for development of
water power resources in our state is
meeting with much favor in our legis-
lature and may l)e enacted at this
sessicn. The movement looks to be of
vital importance in afifording some re-
lief from the present unendurable
situation in regard to the coal supply
as relates to our industries.

Ex-Governor Bass is sponsor for the
bill which contemplates a new state
policy in resj)ect to the development of
storage reservoirs. Under the terms of
this bill, the state is to extend its credit
for such storage development on the
condition that the users of the addition-
al water so ])rovided voluntarily make
contracts to purchase such additional
water at reasonable rates. Such con-
tracts would cover all interest and
amortization charges on the investment,
as well as cost of operation and main-
tenance.

The amount of the appropriation is
small ($205,000). but enough to test
and work out the practical details of
procedure. — The News & Critic.

OLD HOME WEEK AND THE
NEW HAMPSHIRE TERCENTENARY

By Henry H. Metcalf

IT has well been said that the three
sweetest words in the English
language are "Mother, Home and
Heaven." Certain it is that the most
cherished memories of early life are
those that cluster around the homes
of our childhood and }outh ; while the
recollections of the neighborhood and
community life of the time, and the
scenes amid which that life was
experienced, are among the most un-
fading and highly cherished that come
to the ordinary mind.

The love of home is, indeed, one of
the strongest and most characteristic
sentiments of civilized peoj^le, and it
was because of this fact, unques-
tionably, that Governor Frank West
Rollins, during the first year of his
incumbency, in 1899. conceived and
carried out the idea of the establish-
ment of Old Home Week in mid-
summer, when the various towns and
communities throughout the state,
should call back their absent sons and
daughters who had gone out into
other states and communities to make
their way in life, to enjoy a season of
rest, recreation and social reunion
among the scenes and friends of early
life, in the old home towns. He well
knew that through such agencies,
the love of, and loyalty to, their na-
tive towns and .state would "be
strengthened and intensified in the
minds of these absent children, and
that the resultant benefit to town and
state alike would be of no small ad-
vantage.

It was on the sixth day of June,
1899, that a meeting was held in
Representatives' Hall, in the State
House, for the purpose of organiz-
ing an Old Home Week Association,
the invitation having been .sent out
by the State Board of Agriculture,
at the suggestion of Governor Rollins.
Several hundred people, from all sec-

tions of the state, were in attendance
at the meeting, wdiich was called to
order by Governor Rollins, who spoke
at some length outlining the purpose
for which the meeting had been
called, and was followed by many
other prominent citizens, all favoring
the organization of a permanent Old
Home Week Association.

A committee of five, of which Na-
huiu j. Bachelder of Andover, then
Secretary of the State Board of Ag-
riculture, was chairman, was appoint-
ed to submit a plan of organization.
The plan presented and adopted, in
the form of a constitution and by-
law.s, provided that the organization
should be known as the "i\ew Hamp-
shire Old Home Week Association,"
to membership in which any resident
of the state, or any person born
therein, should be eligible. The ob-
ject of the association was "to pro-
mote the welfare of New Hampshire,
bv increasing the interest among her
citizens, and among natives of the
state located in various parts of the
world." It was provided that local
Old Home Week Associations might
be formed and managed under such
rules and regulations as the State As-
sociation might prescribe.

Officers of the State Association
were chosen as follow.s :

President — -Governor Frank W.
Rollins of Concord; vice presidents —
Joseph B. Walker, Concord ; Joseph

D. Roberts, Rollinsford ; John W.
Sanborn, Sanbornville ; Charles Mc-
Daniel, Springfield ; Bertram S. Ellis.
Keene ; George T. Cruft, Bethlehem ;
Gordon Woodbury, Manchc'ster ;
True L. Norris. Portsmouth ; Charles

E. Tilton, Tilton; Chester B. Jordan,
Lancaster ; treasurer — H. H. Dudley,
Concord ; secretary — Nahum J. Bach-
elder, Andover ; executive commit-
tee — Edward N. Pearson, Concord;

242

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

William H. Stinson, Dunbarton ;
Henry H. Metcalf, Concord.

The matter of fixing the date of Old
Home Week for that year — 1899 —
was referred to the Executive Board,
consisting of all the officers named,
by whom it was subsequently fixed
for August 26 to September 1, in-
clusive.

Local Old Home Week Associa-
tions were promptly organized in
various towns throughout the state —
sixty-seven in all, in mo.st of which
some one day in the week was set
apart as "Old Home Day." on which
occasion the people of the town and
natives thereof from abroad, were
called together in some appropriate
place, for social reunion, and enjoy-
ment of exercises pertinent to the oc-
casion.

The selection of Saturday as the
opening day of Old Home Week was
made with the idea that on the even-
ing of that day bonfires should be
kindled on the mountain and hill tops,
or highest points of land in the va-
rious towns, signalizing the welcome
to returning pilgrims, and carrying
the greeting of one town to another
throughout the state. There were
many hundred of these beacon lights
kindled in the state, on that first Old
Home Week in New Hampshire, and
although the custom has, unfortu-
nately, been abandoned quite gener-
ally, there are some towns in which
it is still observed.

The local celebrations during the
first Old Home Week, included .some
of a most elaborate order, involving
parades, music, fireworks, etc.. aside
from interesting Sipieaking exercises,
at which addresses were given by
distinguished speakers residing in the
state, and others, equally distin-
guished, returning from abroad to the
homes of their nativity. Among the
most notable of these observances
were those in Concord, Newport,
Walpole and Dunbarton.

The Concord observance opened

with a iiiceting of residents and vis-
itors in Phenix Hall, on Wednesday
evening, August 30, a concert by the
Third Regiment Band and the Schu-
bert Quartette being the first feature.
Hon. Joseph B. Walker, President of
Concord Old Home Week Associa-
tion, presided, and brief addresses
were made by Hon. John Kimball,
\>ry Rev. John E. Barry of the St.
John's Catholic church, Hon. Sylves-
ter Dana of the Municipal Court,
Hon. L. D. Stevens, and Hon. Moses
Humphrey. On the following day,
Thursday, was witnessed one of the
greatest and most impo.sing parades
in the history of the Capital City. G.
Scott Locke was Chief ^Marshal, and
the Third Regiment Band led the pro-
cession, followed by a platoon of po-
lice. Governor Rollins and staff on
horseback, Gen. J. H. Tolles and
Cols. Scott, Upham and Tetley of the
Eirst Brigade, N. H. N. G., several
com])anies of the Guard, G. A. R., and
a great number of marching organ-
izations, including the Fire Depart-
ment, the various fraternal societies,
etc. Most conspicuous was the repre-
sentation of the B. & M. railroad
shops by a marching deleg'ation of
650 men in uniform. Following these
were decorated carriages, floats, and
all sorts of unique turnouts, from pony
teams to a magnificent 24-horse team
entered by George L. Theobald.

The general exercises w^ere held in
Phenix Hall at 2 p. m., the meeting
being called to order by President
Waker, who introduced Hon. Charles
R. Corning as chairman for the oc-
casion. Addresses of welcome were
given by ]\Iayor N. E. Martin in be-
half of the city, and Governor Rollins
for the state. The orator of the day
was Hon. James O. Lyford. Naval
Officer of Boston, who was followed
bv Senator William E. Chandler.
President William J. Tucker of
Dartmouth College. Prof. Charles F.
Bradley of Evanston, 111., Hon. Na-
poleon B, Bryant, and others. An

OLD HOME WEEK

243

original poem, "The Hills are Home,"
written for the occasion by Edna
Dean Proctor, was read by the author.
The exercises closed with singing of
"Home, Sweet Home" by the audi-
ence.

Following the exercises a reception
was held in Doric Hall at the State
House, under the direction of Albert
B. Woodworth, Chairman of the Re-
ception Committee, at which the Gov-
ernor was assisted by the members
of his .stafif, several thousand people
paying their respects to the chief ex-
ecutive, while a concert was given
outside by the consolidated bands of
the day.

It was estimated that twenty
thousand people lined the streets
during the time of the parade, while
ten thousand witnessed the grand dis-
play of fireworks, set ofT on the
Stickney field in the evening, which
closed the day's programme.

At Newport, where there was a
great gathering, and a most impres-
sive demonstration, the entire Main
Street being elaborately decorated,
and a great parade carried out.
Judge Jesse M. Barton presided, and
the orator of the day was Rear Ad-
miral George E. Belknap, the town's
most distinguished son. The Wal-
pole observance, which was scarcely
less imposing, was under the direc-
tion of T. Nelson Hastings, then pres-
ident of the State Senate, as president
of the day, and addresses were made
by a number of eminent natives,
among whom were Rev. John Bars-
tow of Medford, Mass., Prof. Frank-
lin W. Hooper of Brooklyn and
Judge Henry E. Howland of New
York City. At Dunbarton, Col.
William H. Stimson of the State
Executive Committee and president
of the local association directed the
exercises, wdiich included addresses
by a number of distinguished visitors,
including Governor Rollins and Sen-
ator Chandler, and numerous emi-
nent natives, a large and enthus-

iastic crowd being in attendance
At all these town observances there
were present many natives from
abroad, some of whom had not visit-
ed the homes of their childhood for
years, and in many cases there was a
revival of interest on their part which
operated to the material advantage
of the old home town, evidenced by
subsequent gifts in the shape of li-
braries, school buildings, parks, foun-
tains, etc.

In many of these towns the local
associations have been continued,
and annual Old Home Day observ-
ances have been heid. In others
there have been celebrations once in
two or three years, and in some oc-
casionally, "as the spirit moved;"
while, unfortunately, in others, for
want of public spirit and local pride,
the idea has been abandoned. A num-
ber of other towns, however, that did
not originally adopt the plan, have
fallen into line. In Concord the local
Association soon went into "disue-
tude ;" but, under the auspices of the
State Association there has been a
largely attended Old Home Sunday
service in Rollins Park, each year for
the last fifteen years or more, with
able speakers and excellent music, the
various churches co-operating.

The expense incident to the work
of the State Association was met,
during the incumbency of Governor
Rollins as President and N. J. Bach-
elder as Secretary, from the state ap-
propriation for the work of the Com-
missioner of Immigration, which of-
fice was held by Mr. Bachelder in
connection with that of Secretary of
Agriculture, it being recognized that
nothing could more effectually ad-
vertise the State than the mainten-
ance of the Old Home Week insti-
tution, which although not perma-
nently adopted in other states, has
been taken up in many localities
throughout the country, and is to be
copied in Nova Scotia the present
year.

244

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

In 1913, when there was a political
overturn in the State and the Immi-
gration Bureau was abandoned, the
Legislature voted a .standing appro-
priation of $300 toward carrying on
the work of the Association, and per-
manently fixed the date of Old Home
Week for the week following the
third Saturday in August, which
comes this year on the 18th day of
the month. At the annual meeting in
1914, Governor Rollins and Secretary
Bachelder retired from their respec-
tive offices and Henry H. Metcalf
and Andrew L. Felker, Commissioner
of Agriculture, were respectively
chosen President and Secretary of
the Association, and have since con-
tinued.

x'\s the first white settlements in
the state were made at Portsmouth
and Dover in 1623, and the Ter-Cen-
tenary, or 3Ct3th anniversary of the
same would occur in 1923, the Asso-
ciation, deeming it desirable that some
fitting and proper observance of the
same should be held, was instru-
mental in securing the passage by the
General Court, in 1921, of a Joint
Resolution providing for the appoint-
ment of a Commission, headed by
Governor Albert O. Brown, to take
the matter in hand and make the pre-
liminary arrangements for an appro-
priate celebration during Old Home
Week of the present year. The Com-
mission, as named, in addition to Gov-
ernor Brown, included Aaron G.
Whittemore of Dover, Charles S.
Emerson of Milford, Henry H. Met-
calf of Concord, Harry T. Lord of
Manchester and J. Winslow Peirce of
Dover. Henry H. Metcalf was
elected Secretary.

Taking up the work in hand, the
Commission, after careful considera-
tion, and due consultation Avith the
authorities in Portsmouth and Dover,
formulated a plan which involved
appropriate observances in those two
cities, where the first settlements
were made, on Monday and Tuesday
of Old Home Week, following Old

Home Sunday services in the churches
throughout the state, with a final cele-
bration at the Capital, with ob-
servances mid-week in all towns
throughout the State where sufficient
pubLc spirit should be aroused to in-
sure the same.

It was voted to extend an invita-
tion to President Ernest M. Hopkins
(^f Dartmouth College to deliver the
Anniversary Address, which invita-
tion was accepted by Dr. Hopkins,
and it was decided that the address
should be given in Concord. Un-
fortunately, through lack of interest
on the part of the business men of
the city, as represented by the Cham-
ber of Commerce, the Concord ob-
servance has been abandoned, al-
though the City Government had
voted an appropriation to meet the
necessary expenses, and it has been
arranged that the address .shall be
given at Portsmouth or Dover at the
opening of the week.

A number of towns that have not
before observed Old Home Week
made liberal appropriations for the
present year with a view to the Ter-
centenary Celebration, among them
being Charlestown, Whitefield, Mil-
ford and Stratford, the latter two
voting $1000 each. Stratford, it
should be said, will at the same time
celebrate its own 150th anniversary,
and dedicate a memorial to its soldiers
in the various wars of the nation.
Northwood will also celebrate its
150th anniversary, in connection with
the State celebration, on Wednesday
of Old Home Week.

The State of New Hampshire has
never before celebrated an {anniver-
sary of its settlement. It is devoutly
to be hoped that at this time there
will be awakened such a spirit of pa-
triotic pride, as will insure a royal
welcome to a great host of returning
sons and daughters in all parts of the
State, and demonstrate to the world
the fact that the "Home Fires" are
still aglow among the old Granite
Hills.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

CoNnUCTKD BY ViVIAN SaVACOOL

Tiger River

By Arthur O. Friel

Harper Bros.

HE adventures on Tiger River ferent in setting, we can not help but
produce much the same effect on feel the same fever of impatience and

grown-ups that fairy stories do
on children. At first they all seem
unreal and impossible, but the fasci-
nation grows, and soon we begin to
thrill with the weirdness of it all and
to find it so natural that we expect
to see a head-hunting Indian or a
tiger loom in the corner. These dan-
gers and many others more uncanny
confront the five men, Knowlton,
Rand, McKay, Tim, and Jose, the
outlaw, when they decide to follow the

excitement over the treasure hunt
that is experienced in reading "Treas-
ure Island," and also the same satis-
faction over the result of all the in-
trigue and desperate adventure.
Each incident stimulates our fancy
to greater capacity for enjoyment of
the unreal, until, by the time the ex-
plorers meet the "Things," green
spectres with spears, the imagination
is undaunted and swallows these too,
gloatingly waiting for new feasts of

Tigre yacu through all the dangers of niprobability.

the jungle into which hundreds have It is a long jump from New Hamp-
di.sappeared and from which only one shire to the Andean regions of the up-
crazed man has returned. Undaunt- per Amazon, but Arthur Friel, once
ed by dire warnings, they are de- attending Manchester High School
termined to explore the River of and later a teacher there, has bridged
Missing Men to find gold, of course, the gap and given to us in this book
but most of all to satisfy the love of his reaction to the luxurious beauty,
adventure which burns hotly in the the lurking dangers of Nature and of
heart of each, and it is to all kindred savages, and the romantic spirit of
sprits, longing for romance, that this the jungle. All of this is very pleas-
book will most appeal. White In- ant to peruse during an evening of
dians, tigers, and jiveros they baffle recreation, but I doubt if even the
in the most unique encounters and are lure of gold could induce many of us
equally steadfast in maintaining their to follow the trail of the Tigre yacu
own against the maddening mysteries through its sinister shadows and
of Dead Man's Land. " ominous darkness as described in Mr.
Although inferior in style and dif- Friel's book.

Vacation Days

By Willis G. Buxton

yVT^E would all wish for just such
'* vacation days as Mr. Buxton and
his wife have enjoyed, but, since such
pleasures are impossible to many, ac-
counts of the travels of others are al-
ways of interest as entertainment and
preparation for the day when we too,
may go to see the wonders of the world.

All would-be travelers will find antici-
patory delight in "Vacation Days," Mr.
Buxton's book, and those who are sat-
isfied to do all their traveling while
reading comfortably at home will also
enjoy these letters, giving, as they do,
a detailed description not only of the
beauty of California and Europe by a

246

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

most enthusiastic and appreciative voy-
ager, but of any such systems of edu-
cation. reHgion. or civic government
which might be helpful suggestions to
the people of New Hampshire.

The author describes the scenes he
sees, the pictures and statues he views,
and even those lectures of especial in-
terest which he hears, so that we gain

unusual and varied information with
the added attraction of Mr. Buxton's
own reaction to his experiences.

To any who may not know Mr. Bux-
ton we wish to say that, as a resident
of Penacook, New Hampshire, the let-
ters in this book were written to his
townspeople and will have especial in-
terest for all living in New Hampshire.

THE EDITOR STOPS TO TALK

About Spring and Soldiers

ON very rare occasions our mind
runs smoothly along a single track,
gliding with well-oiled ease from
idea to idea. But that is not at all the
case when the first breath of spring
comes in at our windows. The April
sun melts our mentality along with the
snowdrifts, and leaves our thoughts as
diffuse as May breezes. To settle down
to editorial conversation seems next
door to impossible.

leisurely hitches his Ford to his plow
and in the freshness of the early morn-
ing mingles the hum of his engine with
the myriad voices of awakening year.

We might write about the Legislature,
which to-day seems to be out for the
non-stop dancing record for the United
States. But by the time the magazine
is in print police interference or the
more cogent urge of spring planting will
undoubtedly have put a stop to the sport.

Or we might write of the American
Legion, which has been our chief con-
cern of late. It has impressed us for
two reasons : first, because of its un-
bounded energy, which even spring
seems powerless to abate, and second,
because of its contagious atmosphere of
public service — a man who has served
his Legion post or Department is, more
than other men, willing to listen to the
call of duty whether it lead him to the
Governor's mansion, the national Sen-
ate, or even the White House in Wash-
ington. It is splendid to see such de-
votion.

We might follow the time-honored
custom of other editors and write of
spring in the country, the bounding
brooks, the burgeoning buds, the blur-
bling birds. But we are never quite
sure of our ground in these matters.
For instance, what kind of bird is an
alfalfa? We never can tell. Like
Christopher Morley, the best we can do,
when some one suddenly asks us the
name of some upstart songster on a high
branch of the old apple tree, is to mur-
mur something about a "forsythia
bursting into song" and change the sub-
ject as soon as possible. We under-
stand our limitations. We leave the
hymns of spring to the farmer as he

We feel more at home writing along
these lines, for of course we have had
military experience as a member of an
unofficial S. A. T. C. Auxiliary Unit
during the War (We were in college at
the time). And moreover in those
spring days of 1917 some one had the
brilliant idea of turning our college out
for military drill, just to develop esprit
dc corps and joie de vivre and a lot of
things like that. When men speak of
the terrors of war, we think of that in-
cipient Battalion of Death as it strag-
gled and struggled to and fro across the
greensward in the spring sunshine, the
high feminine voice of the commanding

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

247

officer mingling with the anguished cries
of some lost soul, possibly a staid facul-
ty member, who, in the general con-
fusion of right foot and left, had found
herself suddenly deserted by the bat-
talion and left to execute military man-
ouvers alone.

But even here we are not so sure-
footed as we ought to be. Our knowl-
edge of military terminology failed us
completely when we started out after
material for our article. Last week we
entirely corrupted a Board meeting
of the Legion Auxiliary by insis-
tently referring to the Auxiliary
Units as "posts." Before the af-
ternoon was over all the officers pres-
ent were struggling with an irresistible
desire to call them "posts," too. We
don't want to run the risk of corrupt-
ing the entire Legion organization by
our inaccuracies. So perhaps we'd bet-
ter dismiss that subject also, and aban-
don the idea of writing Editorial Re-
marks for this month.

But, if you will notice, the page is al-
ready full. And if you desire a pre-
cedent for this manner of writing, we
would refer you to your Cicero. It's an
old trick of the trade!

— H. F. M.

Announcements

The Exeter War Memorial, a pict-
ure of which appears on the cover
this month, is the work of Daniel
Chester French, a distinguished son
of Exeter, who counts it as one of
the best pieces of work which he has
done. It was dedicated on July 4,
1922. It's inscription puts into words
very beautifully the spirit in which
the monument is erected :
With
Veneration for Those Who Died
Gratitude to Those Who Live
Trust in the Patriotism of Those Who
Come After
The Town of Exeter Dedicates this Memorial
To Her Sons and Daughters of the World
War.
It is with much this .same spirit
that the GRANITE MONTHLY
ofifers this issue as a tribute to New
Hampshire veterans in this month
which brings Memorial Day.

The essay contest for high school
boys and girls brought some very
interesting results. The contest
closed May 1, and the judges, Mr.
Harlan Pearson, Mrs. Harriman and
Mr. W^alter May will probably be
able to make the award very shortly
now.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

MR. H. STYLES BRIDGES, Sec-
retary of the Farm Bureau, turns his
attention to Ayrshires this month in
the second article on Dairy herds.

The man who i.s working hardest
to make New Hampshire Tercenten-
ary year a memorable one is H. H.
METCALF. His article in this mag-
azine gives not only plans for the
celebration but also the history of the
movement.

MR. GEORGE B. UPHAM'S
third and last article on "When
Claremont Was Called Ashley" an-
swers the question which readers have
asked themselves: "How did the
name Ashley come to the knowledge
of the foreign map makers?"

MRS. BERTHA COMINS ELY.
author of "Their Son" in this, issue
lives in Greenville, N. H. She shows
a sympathetic understanding of one
of our state problems.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

GEORGE H. KENDALL

With the death of George H. Kendall on
April 14 at Nashua, the state has lost the
last of the' stage-coach drivers who used to
drive a six horse team betw^een Crawford
Notch and Fabyans before the railroad
came. Mr. Kendall was about 76 when he
died. In the early days he was employed
by Baron and Merrill, hotel proprietors of
the White Mountains; of late years he has
worked for the Boston and Maine as a sta-
tionary engineer-. A native of Franconia,
he lived in Nashua about 25 years. He
served in the Civil War, although he was
only nineteen at the time, and ranked as a
sharpshooter in Company I 18th N. H.
Volunteers. He is survived by his widow,
one son, Walter M. Kendall of Boston,
and one adopted son, George Angell Ken-
dall of Nashua.

FRED A. PRAY

Word has recently come to Somersworth
of the death in Vladivostok of Fred A.
Pray, formerly of Somersworth, and in re-
cent years First Vice Consul in the United
States Consul's office at Vladivostok. His
death was due to blood poisoning. Mr.
Pray was born in Somersworth in 1867,
educated in the public schools there and in
the Boston business college. He went to
Vladivostok in 1893 and was for some years
in business there before he was appointed
vice consul in 1916. He is survived by a
daughter, Dorothy, two sisters, Mrs. Sarah
Smith of Vladivostok, and Mrs. J. H. Aus-
tin of Berwick, Me., and one brother, Moses
H. of Somersworth.

MRS. MATILDA L. COLE

On April 3, Mrs. Matilda L. Cole, for
thirty-five years a resident of Concord,
died at the home of her daughter, Mrs.
J. Edward Silva. Mrs. Cole was a mem-
ber of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. She
leaves, besides a daughter, two sons, George
of Boston and Benjamin of Concord, and
two sisters and two brothers.

MRS. EDWIN L. HALEY

After a brief illness with pneumonia, Mrs.
Edwin L. Haley died in East Rochester on
April 6. Mrs. HalSy was prominent in
social and fraternal circles of the city to
which she came some years ago from W.
Buxton, Maine. She is survived by her
husband, one son, ex-Representative Law-
rence E. Haley, two daughters, Fredona
Myrtle and Georgia; a brother, Charles E.
Rounds of Bristol, and two sisters, Mrs.
Georgia Hunton and Mrs. Fred A. Cum-
mins of Saco, Maine.

MRS. MARY J. N. BEAN

At Concord on April 3, Mrs. Mary J. N.
Bean, widow of Frank E. Bean, died at
the home of her daughter, Mrs. E. W.
Rowe, aft&r a long illness. Mrs. Bean was
a large property owner in Penacook and in
former years was associated with her hus-
band in business there. She is survived
by her daughter, and son, Harold of
Penacook; also a brother Mr. George A.
Noyes of Concord.

MRS. ANNE KENNEDY

Mrs. Anne Kennedy, one of Dover's old-
est residents died on April 10 at the age of
96 years. Mrs. Kennedy was born in
Richmond, Va., but had lived in Dover for
75 years. She is survived by one brother.

BYRON K. WOODWARD

On April 16, Byron K. Woodward, resi-
dent of Concord for 42 years, died in that
city after a long illness. He was a mem-
ber of the Nathaniel White Council O. U.
A. M. He leaves a widow, two sons, John
K. and Earl A. of Concord; a daughter,
Mrs. Robert J. Provencal of Concord; two
brothers, Frank of Laconia and Walter of
Michigan; and a sister, Mrs. Grace Mallard
of Concord.

DR. ALBERT LACAILLADE

Dr. Albert Lacaillade, one of the leading
dentists of Laconia, died in that city on
April 6. Dr. Lacaillade was a native of
Lawrence, Mass., and a graduate of Balti-
more Dental College. Before coming to
Laconia, he practised dentistry in Law-
rence and Montreal. He leaves a widow
and three children, Paul, Marguerite and
Jacquiline.

GEORGE M. GATES

On March 30, George M. Gates, veteran
of the Civil War and prominent citizen of
Plaistow, N. H., died after a short illness
with grip. He leaves a widow, two sons
and a daughter.

JOHN J. SHAPLEIGH.

On April 16, after a brief illness with
pneumonia, John J. Shapleigh, a retired
merchant of East Rochester, died at his
home in that town. Mr. Shapleigh had
lived in East Rochester for 25 years and
was about 66 years old when he died. He
was a member of the Cocheco Lodge I. O.
O. F. and a member of the Bethany Metho-
dist Church. His widow; one daughter,
Miss Doris Shapleigh, an instructor at La-
salle Seminary; one brother, Nicholas of
East Rochester; and three sisters.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

249

DON C. CHAPPLE

Don C. Chappie, resident of Concord for
20 years, died in that city on April 3 at
the age of 69 years. He was a native of
Crown Point, N. Y. He is survived by a
wilcw, two daughters, Mrs. Frank Beaure-
gard of Hartford, Vt., and Mrs. George
Fox of Strafford, Vt., and a son, CHnton,
of Great Barrington, Mass.

OSCAR H. BISHOP
Oscar H. Bishop, builder, aged 41 years,
died at his home in Nashua on March 28.
His health had been failing for a number
of years, but he had until very recently
been able to attend his business. He leaves
a widow and eight children, as well as four
brtthc'rs and two sisters.

GEORGE H. TARLTON

George H. Tarlton, aged 69, of Newfields,
died in that town on April 16. Mr. Tarl-
ton was born in New-ington, but had lived
since boyhood in Newfields where he was
prominent in musical circles, and where he
held the office of selectman in 1915-1919.
He was a member of the Universalist
Church and of the Fraternity Lodge, I. O.
O. F. His widow survives him.

MRS. MARY E. NELSON

Mrs. Mary E. Nelson, widow of Freeman
J. Nelson, died April 16 at the Centennial
Home for the Aged, Concord, N. H., at the
age of 86 years.

The Concord S. P. C. A.

INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
needs the help of every person in the state to stop the cruelties that are inflict-
ed on our dumb animals. With this help, the sufferings and torture of the ani-
mals in New Hampshire can be overcome. The cattle shipments on the trains
can be made humane. The traders in old horses can be driven out of business.
Cattle will not be left in pastures until Christmas.

The S. P. C. A. of Concord have this work well started and with
the support of the people will carry it through.

In Makir.g Your Will Remember the S. P. C. A.

Telephone 1216-W

"The Rose Studio"

BLANCHE M. GERRISH

PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER

59 NORTH MAIN STREET

CONCORD, N. H.

HISTORY

of the Town of Sullivan, New Hampshire

Volume I is historical and devoted to family histories, telling in an en-
tertaining manner from whence each settler came to Sullivan and their
abodes and other facts concerning them and valuable records in minute
detail.

Volume II is entirely devoted to family histories, carefully prepared
and containing a vast amount of useful information for the historian,
genealogist and Sullivan's sons and daughters and their descendents, nov/
living in all parts of the country, th« genealogies, in many instances, tracing
the family back to the emigrant ancestor.

Sales to State Libraries, Genealogical Societies and individuals have
brought to Mr. Whitcomb, the executor, unsolicited letters of appreciation
of this great work. Send orders to

J. FRED WHITCOMB, Ex'r.
45 Central Square, Keene, N H.

Please mention the uuamte montuly in Wiitiny Adccrtiscis.

Vol. 5S. No. 6

THE

June, 1923

GRANTTF

MONTHLY

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
JUNE 1923

'I HE Month in Nkw Hampshire //. C. P 253

Senator William E. Borah 255

The Highest Path in New England Jessie Doe 259

Three Opinions on the Legislature ok 1923

L The Democratic Viewpoint Robert Jackson 268

n. The Republican Viewpoint Oliii Chase 269

HL An Independent Viewpoint 271

Along Came Mary Ann Daisy Deane IVilliamson 275

The Northeastern Forest Experiment Station A'. IV. Woodward 280

An Anthology of One Poem Poets Arthur Johnson 282

The Bunga Road , G. G. Williams 284

Guernseys that Pay //. Styles Bridges 287

Ships (Poem) Harold Final 290

How the House Was Adjourned James O. Lyford 291

Books of New Hampshire Interest Granite and Alabaster. . 292

The Editor Stops to Talk 293

Current Opinion in New Hampshire 295

New Hampshire Necrology 297

NEXT MONTH

The Magazine Will Contain

As the Road Unrolls

An account of a motor trip through the White Mountains, including routes and
illustrations.

The New England Railroads A symposium

Including opinions by such authorities as Professors Cunningham and Ripley of
Harvard.

The Republican Party in New Hampshire

What men like Senator Moses, Major Knox and Mr. Frank Musgrove think its
policy should be in the coming campaign.

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, fdl out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY.
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

BRONZE

HONOR ROLLS AND MEMORIAL TABLETS

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OPTOMETRISTS

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CITY HOMES FARMS

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If you have any kind of Real Estate to
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Our Insurance department can handle
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William E. Sleeper, Proprietor.

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Please mention thb oranits MONTHLJ «f» Writing A^vertiaerg.

Boston & Maine

A Gli.mpse of Lake Sunapee

A> suniiiKi- coiiKs the tliouglits of manv busv people t!ie country over turn
toward this spot, one the most beautiful of New Hampshire's many summer colonies.

THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

Vol. 55

No. 6

JUNE 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Legislature Adjourns

T^HE principal event of the month of junction point, as to cattle car condi-
A May, 1923, in New Hampshire, tions, having been reduced from a large
came early in its course, when, at 3 to a very small number,
o'clock in the morning of Saturday, An interesting state pulilication, given

May 5, the Legislature was prorogued timely issue by the co-operation of the
by Governor Fred H. Brown after a departments of highways, forestry and
session of 122 days. Its final week, as fish and game, is a new road map of
is usually the case, saw decisions hastily New Hampshire, up to date in all par-
given upon the most important legisla- ticulars and having in the text upon its
tion of the session and some much-de- back much necessary information tfor
bated matters left in unfinished business.
The Governor signed all of the acts and
resolves presented to him with the ex-
ception of a $225,000 bond issue for a
new dormitory at the Keene Normal
School. From this measure he

withheld his signature, and as it came to
him on the last day of the session the
efifect was a "pocket veto."

The official volume of Session Laws
will be less bulky than usual and is now
in preparation l)y the law reporter,
Crawford D. Henning. Esq., of Lan-
caster. It will be included in the gen-
eral revision of the statutes, provided
for by the recent legislature, which will
be a work requiring considerable time
for its completion. Meanwhile, heads
of various state departments have given
to the public summaries of, and instruc-
tions regarding, new laws of whose ad-
ministration they have the charge.

One of the new statutes whose good
efifects already are apparent is that reg-
ulating the shipment of cattle; com-

tourists and others.

Death of John J. Donahue

A sad feature of the month's news was
-^^ the death at his post of duty of John
J. Donahue, state insurance commission-
er. While testifying in court at Man-
chester, in a suit in which the depart-
ment was concerned, he dropped dead.
The department having been without a
dejnity commissioner and chief clerk for
some time, the immediate filling of the
vacancy was necessary and at the next
meeting of the governor and council
Governor Brown named for the place
his personal friend. Postmaster John E.
Sullivan of Somersworth, who was at
once confirmed by the council and took
up the duties of the office the next day.

Commissioner Davie
Re-appointed

A T the same meeting. Labor Com-
-^^sioner John S. B. Davie, first ap-

points to the S, P. C, A, at Concord, a pointed to that office in 1911 by Gov-

254

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

ernor Robert P. Bass, was re-appointed
and confirmed for another three year
term. Those who read the appreciative
article upon his work in the May Gran-
ite Monthly will understand the bene-
fit which will come to the state from
his continuance at the head of the labor
bureau. The fact that Commissioner
Davie is a Republican and Commissioner
Sullivan, a Democrat, indicates the con-
tinuance of the peaceful compromise
conditions which have prevailed in the
council chamber under this administra-
tion.

The board of trustees of the state
sanatorium at Glenclifife submitted to
the governor and council at this same
meeting their nomination for superin-
tendent of Dr. Robert M. Deming. for
the past two years a member of the
staff at the state hospital in this city,
and it was approved. Doctor Deming
saw over-seas service in the World War.

Spanish War Veterans Celebrate

ONE of the few fine days in May,
1923, was assigned by the weather
man to the 25th anniversary celebra-
tion, on the 17th, of the departure from
Concord for Chickamauga of the First
New Hampshire Regiment of Volun-
teers for the War with Spain. A sur-
prisingly large number of survivors of
the regiment came to the capital on that
day. for a parade, banquet, business
meeting of the department of New
Hampshire, U. S. W. V., public exer-
cises in Representatives' Hall at the
state house and other features. From
a stand erected on the state house plaza
the parade was reviewed by Governor
Brown, attended by his staff and coun-
cil, and Mayor Chamberlin. accom-
panied by the board of aldermen. The
most impressive moment of the day
came when the veterans massed behind
their standards before the stand and
renewed the oath of allegiance which
they took a quarter of a century ago.

The speakers at the public meeting in
the evening were the governor and the
mayor and Congressmen Rogers and
Wason. During his visit to the capital
Congressman Wason took occasion to
deny reports of his ill health which have
come from Washington and to say that
he expects to be a candidate for renomi-
nation in 1924.

/^THER stimulants of political inter-
^^ est during the month were the ad-
dress at Manchester by Senator William
E. Borah of Idaho, upon invitation of
the New Hampshire Civic Association,
and the return to his home state from
Europe of Senator George H. Moses,
overflowing with opposition to Presi-
dent Harding's proposal that the United
States shall participate in the World
Court of Justice.

On the heels of Senator Borah's ad-
dress came a spirited meeting by the
friends of the League of Nations at
which Mr. John G. Winant was elected
chairman of the work for the League in
New Hampshire. There is evidently
enough difference -of opinion on this
matter to make it an interesting issue
during the coming months.

A T the annual meeting of the New
-^*- Hampshire Old Home Week As-
sociation, President Henry H. Metcalf
was re-elected and Governor Brown
was named as first vice-president. Mr.
Metcalf has secured as chief orator of
the tercentenary celebration, in August,
of the settlement of the state. Judge Les-
lie P. Snow of the supreme court, who
takes the place which President Hop-
kins of Dartmouth expected to fill, but
finds himself unable to do so.

'T^HE purchase by Henry Ford of a
-*- garnet mine in the town of Danbury
l)resages, it is hoped, the industrial de-
velopment, hitherto retarded, of that im-
mediate section of the state.

H. C. P.

Senator William E. Borah

Who spoke before distinguished audience in Man-
chester May 24, under the auspices of the
N. H. Civic Association.

SENATOR WILLIAM E. BORAH

An Interview

"S"

ENATOR Borah/' I said, "I'm
going to tell New Hampshire
people about you. What do you
think I'd better emphasize?"

The Senator smiled that characteristic
crooked smile of his and pushed his hair
back from his broad forehead.

"My conservatism," he said. "I
think that would most please a New
Hampshire audience. wouMn't it?"

"Thev don't consider vou conserva-
tive."

"But I am you know. Though I

suppose " he smiled again "I

suppose they don't regard any one who
wants to recognize Russia as a con-
servative."

"We're inclined to think anything

that touches Russia at all is radical."
"Russia itself is radical enough, to
sure ; but for the United States to rec-
ognize the government of Russia is a
conservative act, backed by such pre-
cedents as Washington's recognition of
the Committee of Public Safety of the
French Revolution. The present gov-
ernment in Russia, imperfect as it is, is
the form of government under which
140,000.000 people have been living for
six years, and from all indications they
are going on living under it for some
years to coine. Whatever we may
think about the government it's the part
of conservative good sense to accept the
situation as it is and make the best of
it."

256

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

There is one surprisiiii^" and refresh-
ing thing al)out WiHiam K. Borah, the
Irreconcilable Senator from Idaho, and
that is his absolute independence of ap-
proach to pulilic problems. In a day
when most of us have time only to re-
gard the labels of things, he bases his
opinions on his own research into their
inner contents. Confronted with the
Russian situation neatly tied with red
ril)l)on and labelled, "Radical: Do Not
Touch,"' he deftly unties the wrappings
and sorts from the contents some phases
which may be stamped "Conservative."
The "International Brotherhood" label
on the League of Nations did not satis-
fy him either. When he got through
his careful investigation of how the
wheels went round he turned away from
the idea with the sur])rising statement
that he oi)posed it, not because of its
unattainalile idealism, but of its mili-
tarism. This is disconcerting alike to
materials who scorn the idea of ever
bringing the world out of war. and to
idealists who see in the League, inef-
fectual as it is at present, a glimmer of
hope in a dark world. If our pet sheep
are only wolves in sheep's clothing it still
seems indecent to unclothe them. It is
even more disconcerting to have him
suddenly challenge the peacemakers of
the world by demanding that they
show their sincerit}' by daring to pro-
nounce War a crime. Iirought up on
stories of splendid warfare, is it anv
•wonder that we hesitate to put the ban
upon the institution ?

"We shall never have world peace"
said the Senator earnestly, "until we
are willing to pursue it with the same
audacity and boldness with which we
are wont to pursue war. ^'ou cannot
overcome nitric acid with cologne water.

"WTiat the world needs now is a
Cromwell or a Peter the ( ireat who will
lead for peace as the great generals of
the past led for war."

But pending the arrival of that leader,
the Senator from Idaho is not being
idle. He has launched upon the waves
of public opinion his idea that the solu-

tion of international relations involves
three preliminary steps — the codification
of international law, the outlawry of
war, and the establishment of a real
world court whicjli, like the Supreme
Court of the United States, though with-
out power to enforce its decisions
against states, has nevertheless a power
which the existing court of the League
of Nations does not have, namely, the
power to try a case and render a de-
cision without first having obtained the
consent of the ])arty against whom ac-
tion is brought. \\'e shall hear more
of the idea in the coming months. The
Senator's ideas have a way of gathering
momentum long after he has turned his
attention to other things. In response
to my (|uestion as to whether the World
Court issue was to figure largely in the
coming campaign, he said :

"If it does it will be unfortunate. It
will only have the effect of unnecessarily
splitting the Republican party. There
isn't any hurry really, you know. Even
if we went into the League Court which
now exists, we couldn't do anything
until the next election of judges in 1930.
And there are a lot of matters which
are of immediate importance here at
home. We've got to put our own
house in order if we are to be of any
use internationally. That's what I'm
studying on now. and I am expecting to
work on these problems with even more
concentration during the next few
months."

When the Senator talks of study and
concentration he means what he says.
However much one may disagree with
his conclusions, one cannot but admire
the breadth of the foundations on which
they are builded. one cannot but res-
pect the scholarly character of his re-
search, the painstaking accumulation of
all the facts bearing on the situation,
and the assimilation of those facts in
the great brain that works within the
s |uare shaggy head. When he spoke to
the N. H. Civic Association on May 24.
he remarked whimsically. "No one be-
lieves the statements of an Irreconcilable

SENATOR WILLIAM E. BORAH

257

unless he can ])roduce proofs so, al-
though they are cumhersome, I brought
along the papers to support my case."

"I hope these domestic problems,"
continued Senator Borah, "are going to
l)e the main concern of the coming
campaign. Transportation, economy in
the expenditure of public money, and
perhaps most of all a satisfactory solu-
tion of the control of public ultilities
and the protection of the public against
extortion — unless we solve these mat-
ters we are going to be in a more seri-
ous situation than we are in at present.
Bolshevism is not a religion, nor a creed,
nor a form of government. It is a
disease which is engendered wherever
oppression and injustice long prevail.
If the people who are concerned about
the influx of propaganda from Bolshe-
vist Russia would only help in the solv-
ing of some of these problems of ours
they would not need to worry."

The interview came to an end all too
soon, but as we drove along the streets
of Manchester toward the hall where
the Senator was to deliver his address
to the Civic Association, I ventured one
more question,

'AN'hat 1)rought you into politics. Sen-

ator Borah?"

"The fact that Boise, Idaho, wasn't
big enough to allow me to reach the
point in the legal profession there which
I wanted to reach. If I had been born
in a large city things might have been
different, for my first love and my
greatest interest even now is the law.
Perhaps I should simi)ly have gone
ahead in that field. As it was, I want-
ed greater scope and I decided to take
a course in ])olitics. And here I am."

We were driving through Manches-
ter's residence section with beautiful
tree-shaded homes on either side of the
road. The Senator pointed one out.

"It's good to see a house with lots of
space around it. In Washington we
just crawl into the big apartment houses
from the sidewalks. A man who is
used to the spaces of the W^est never
gets used to it. It somehow seems to
cram}) one's thinking."

And these two remarks gave me the
finishing touch to my impression of
Senator William E. Borah^a man used
to the. open spaces, for whom the whole
world is not too broad a professional
field, and to whom the loneliness of in-
dependent thought has no terrors.

— H. F. M.

The Amoskeag Plan

The announcement that the great
Amoskeag Manufacturing Company
with some 14,000 employees has pro-
posed a plan of employee representa-
tion whereby employees and manage-
ment can jointly and democratically
work out their common problems
through the orderly process of con-
ference, is both good and significant
news. Only a year ago the Amos-
keag was troubled with one of those

long-drawn-out and wasteful strikes
which have unfortunately character-
ized the textile industry for many
years. If the proposed plan goes
into effect, and if it works as suc-
cessfullv as similar plans have worked
in industrial establishments of both
great and medium size, it means that
Manchester will behold a new era of in-
creased efficiency and harmony.

— Boston Herald

Drawn hy L,ouis F. Cutter

The Range Walk. Starting at Randolph the party followed the route marked with a
dotted line over the Presidential Peaks to Crawford.

, in a world

"Truly different from anj'thing else was this walk..

of rock and skj^ and views."

THE HIGHEST PATH IN NEW ENGLAND

A Tramping Trip Along the Range Walk

By Jessie Doe

TO the mountain climber of New Mt. Madi.son, and at the Lakes-of-the-

England "The Range Walk" means Clouds hut at the base of the cone of

one thing. There may be varia- Mt. Washington. This journey can be

tions and even digressions but he who made comfortably in two and one-half

has been fortunate enough to have been days of good weather. Our party al-

over "The Range" must have set foot lowed three and one-half days for the

upon all the peaks of the Presidential sake of digressions. We settled the

Range in the White Mountains of New weather by prayer and faith in our

Hampshire from Madison on the north- leader's good luck, chiefly the latter,

east to Clinton, on the southwest. This Throwing on our packs at the little

route includes Madison. Adams, Jefifer- Appalachian station l\n Randolph, the

son. Clay (the Northern Peaks), Wash- moment the connecting train with the

ington itself, and Monroe, Franklin, Boston-Montreal sleeper let us ofif, on

Pleasant and Clinton (of the Southern a ^bright xA.ugust morning we crossed

Peaks), not all presidents, to be sure, but the railroiul track, passed through a

the highest range of mountains east of gate that might have led into any pas-

the Mississippi and north of North ture. and were on the Valley Way Trail

Carolina, and surely presidential. Mt. to the summit of Mount Madison. The

Jackson and Mt. Webster are also in Range Walk was before us. To five

this latter group (but are not always of our group of seven it was a familiar

included in a "Range Walk." and well-loved tramping ground, to one

Many hundreds of people are now it was to be new, but she had climbed

able to make this trip annually during the Alps. To me alone, it was, not

the summer months owing to the fine only new, and the highest thing yet in

facilities for overnight stops offered to the name of a walk, but a glowing

all at the Appalachian Club huts, at dream about to be realized.

Madison Springs, near th? summit of So in spite of heavy hob-nailed boots

260 THE GRANITE MONTHLY

and three pairs of thick woolen stock- were welcomed at the huts by the col-

ings it was with fairy step I followed lege boys in charge. They promised us

in line through the lovely shaded trail, dinner in half an hour and we went to

I say through, because we seemed al- the sleeping quarters to choose our beds,

most in a tunnel, so dense was the for- the choice being whether to roost high

est. The path continued wooded near- or low.

ly all of the three and one-half miles We had a fine dinner. I remember

to the Madison Spring Huts. . baked beans, flapjacks and apple sauce.

We passed a party coming down, sev- and all supplies are toted up from Ran-
eral ladies and one elderly gentleman dolph on the boys' backs !
using a stout umbrella for a cane. Their The afternoon was perfect. We
clothes resembled modern tramping spent it leisurely going to the topmost
garb as the umbrella resembles an Al- point of Madison (5.380 ft.) basking
pine stock. Their expressions were not long on the lee and sunny side of her
those of joyous enthusiasts. They pick- boulder peak and looking into The
ed their way sore-footedly. We passed (jreat Gulf (an inlet of space, wedged
the time of day as trampers do upon between the four great Northern Peaks
the trail. "You going up?" the old and Washington's mighty side).
man grumbled. "You won't like it up F"rom this point on Madison, Wash-
there. Its damp and cold. We went ington was magnificent, with the bulk-
up yesterday, got caught in a cloud and ing slope of Chandler's Ridge, riding
had to stay overnight. It is damp and out into the foreground over which the
cold; you won't like it." line of the carriage road could be plain-

Our leader cheerily answered he had ly seen. Very smooth, very easily un-

been up before and had liked it. The dulating is the big king mountain as

old man growled and hobbled on , to seen from this spot. The Osgood Ridge

lower climes. Undaunted, we proceed- Path led directly from our perch down

ed up. over the bumpy ridge of that name to

The trail grew steeper. We slabbed the Glen House from whence the ear-
up high on the side of our valley and riage road starts on its winding way up
looking across saw the long sloping Washington. We scanned well in all
shoulder of Madison. Things were directions. Near by John Quincy
growing decidedly interesting. The Adams, the broad expanse of the An-
path grew steeper yet ; we pegged along droscoggin Valley with Maine beyond
expectantly. The trees had shrunk to on the east, the Randolph county to the
scrub. Then just when we were not north and in the far away north-west
looking for it. we were out of scrub, what might be Vermont. But the view
Standing in the open I gasped, not from from the tip top of Madison is south-
the climb but at what lay before us. west. Washington and the Great Gulf.
Not fifty yards ahead on a rough That picture we took away "for keeps."
plateau, sheltered by a pair of dark The immensity of it ! The beauty of
mountain cones, nestled two small stone it !

buildings and from the chimney of one After supper we stretched out under

came smoke, as cheery as the purring our ponchos before our stone-built

of a cat. The Madison Spring Huts, home and watched the westering sun

That pointed peak rising directly be- concoct a sunset over in \'ermont ;

hind the huts was the top of Mount watched the crescent moon over John

Madison, the rough round knob to the Quincy Adams grow brighter as the

right was an Adams crown. We were heavy mountain grew blacker, felt the

in another world. darkness and the coldness envelop us.

We passed by the springs that are It was a good thing we had selected

the headwaters of Snyder Brook and our beds early, for trampers had come

THE HIGHEST PATH IN NEW ENGLAND

261

Boston & Maine

The Presidential Range and the Great Gulf: "an inlet of space wedged between
the four great northern peaks and Washington's mighty side."

in on all the trails during the afternoon
and some thirty weary bodies sought
rest that night in the two-room sleep-
ing hut, with an overflow in dining
room and kitchen. I doubt if Mor-
pheus handed out enough sleep to give
each his real quota and the thermo-
meter ran to freezing too, but no one
complained and the morning found us
up bright and early hungry and ready
for the Gulfside Trail over Adams,
Jefferson and Clay to Washington and
the Lakes-of-the-Clouds Huts, a dis-
tance of about six miles and consider-
ed the most scenic walk in the White
Mountains.

The day promised well, the mist fill-
ed valleys clearing as the sun got un-
der way. Skirting John Quincy Adams,
we peered down into the great King's
Ravine from the head-wall on the
northerly side of the range, and
thought another time we wovfld come

up that way. The "Air Line" over the
seriated ridge of the Knife Edge on
Durand Ridge which divides the ravine
from our own Synder Brook valley al-
so lured us. What fun to walk over
the prickly edge of things there! A
little farther on, we stopped to look
back at the pyramidal cone of Madison,
with the huts, grown so tiny, in the fore-
ground. Another turn in the trail and
our hostelry disappeared but the point-
ed peak showed for some time longer
over the rock-bound shoulder of Adams.
We did not go over the summit of
John Quincy or of his taller relative,
plain Adams (5,805 ft.), second high-
est of the White Mountains. The
former, together with Sam and the
more or less facetiously called Maude,
are part and parcel of the main moun-
tain, in short have never set up house-
hold gods of their own. But to us
they were gods in themselves, each and

262

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

every one of these lofty individuals, we
communed with, this day and the next
and the next. Truly different from
anything else was this walk we were
taking shoulder high among the giants
of the race, always well ahove the tree-
line, in a world of rock and skv and
views.

As we approached Edmand's col.
the connecting link hetween Adams
and Jefferson, the weather grew threat-
ening and almost wild. Big black man-
of-war clouds scudded eerily about
close upon us and a streak of rain
could be seen here and there. The wind
seemed marshalling up its forces and
the sun, so lately our comrade, isent
forth strange rays from Ijehind dark
cruisers, whose meaning I scarcely un-
derstood. I remembered tales of sud-
den storms upon the range and the dire
results sometimes to trampers, and I
looked to our leader's face for symp-
toms of concern, but found them not ;
so, fearless. I too walked among the
boulder kings and storm clouds upon
the world's high crest.

Passing the col, the trail swung to
the south side of the range, and as-
cended, at a steep pitch the shoulder of
Jefferson (5,725 ft.), the third highest
mountain, of the Presidential Range.
We looked down into the Great Gulf.
The Montecello Lawn, on a shelf of the
mountain is a bit disillusioning to one
who really believes in lawnmowers ; but
some enthusiast or fanatic has actually
toted a croquet set to this spot and set
it up in the midst of the lank grass and
rocks.

The weather was now quiet but no
longer clear, and as we walked over
Clay, the trail swinging to the westerly
side of the range, we looked across the
Ammonoosuc Ravine to the Southern
Peaks shrouded in mist.

We lunched on the head-wall of the
Great Gulf, the col between Clay and
Washington, and gloried in the beautiful
view. There was the long range of the
Northern Peaks over which we had
been walking all the morning with, at

the end, the distinctive point of Madi-
son, from whose summit yesterday we
had looked to this head-wall and no
farther. On our right-hand stood the
wall of Washington, its summit dissolv-
ed in cloud. Some thousand feet below
in the wooded depths was Spaulding
Lake, a small but fiat surface in this
tumbled world of ups and downs. But
this is merely a synopsis of the view.
To feel it one must go and look.

We had intended to go to the summit
of Washington (6.293 ft.), the highest
of them all, but owing to the mass of
density that supplanted the cone, when
we reached the point where the West-
side Trail branches off from the Gulf-
side, on a short cut along the base of
the cone to join the Crawford Bridle
Path or the still shorter MacGregor
cut-off to the Lakes-of-the-Clouds Hut,
we decided to take the latter and avoid
the murkiness.

Our line of march was altogether out
of cloud but we almost brushed the cur-
tain. A few steps to the left would
have plunged us into fog so thick that
cairn-following would have been no
joke.

We passed under the railroad trestle
and soon came to the friendly lodging
of our desire. This camp has much
to rejoice in by reason of its location.
The horn-like peak of Monroe (5,390
ft.), less grand but more intimate than
any of the Northern Peaks, stands close
at hand. The views west and east are
open (the skies willing) and one thou-
sand feet above, on the north, towers
the cone of Washington, with Clay and
Jefferson standing shoulder to shoulder
sloping off into the valley below. The
two lakes, of no mean proportion for
five thousand feet elevation, add charac-
ter and beauty to the place in their set-
ting of boulder granite in the rough.

We made ourselves at home, partook
of afternoon tea of our own brewing
and awaited the events of nature. They
were not long in coming, for on the
range the weather, if there is any, does
not stand still. Long before sunset

TH^ HIGHEST PATH IN NEW ENGLAND

263

"We watched the process of cloud-making in the broad Ammonoosuc ravine."

there was a glow as the sunhght work-
ed ill under the horizon hne, and then
we reaHzed the cloud on Washington
was drifting and slowly the mighty sil-
houette stood out before us, edged with
the soft sun-gold mist behind. It was
a striking figure and all our upper
world was weirdsome in the unusual
light.

We watched the atmospheric devel-
opments until supper time when fair
weather seemed assured. After supper
we went out again, into the twilight.

We stayed out until after the moon
came over the Carter Range and even
then the sunset lingered on the western
boundary of the world. It was only
the cold that induced us to take shelter.

As we sat about the stone hut, dressed
not only in our thickest camping
clothes and heaviest winter undergar-
ments but with a hut blanket or two
thrown over our shoulders, in blew a
bare-kneed brigade from some girls'
camp. The head one bore a ukelele
and, on seeing an audience, struck up
a tune and with her instrument as part-
ner danced across the cement floor. The
others paired ofif and the quiet hut was
turned into a ball room. Their

similarity of uniforms suggested a

stage chorus. We learned later that in
this one day they had covered what we
had taken two days for on the range,
yet they danced, sang and laughed,
while we sat still and possibly yawned.
It was not that they were not tired, but
they did not know it. Excitement will
carry youth far and I suppose pride
will keep the knees warm. How sur-
prised they would have been had they
known that we took a unanimous vote,
the next day, to the efifect that the knee
is an ugly joint and its display does not
add to the charm of youth!

At last they settled down, listened to
some mountain tales from us and sang
in return their camp songs. We re-
frained from telling them they were not
fitly dressed for mountain climbing and
they did not tell us we were old fogies.
The evening wound up with an unex-
pected thunder shower adding the last
dramatic touch to the day.

Some hours later peering from our
folding steel-shelf pallets through the
large observation windows of the hut
we saw the Ammonoosuc Valley filled
with the rosy mist of morning.

The youthful band with their two
youthful counselors were off ahead of
us with a full program included the

264

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

One of the Lakes-of-the-Clouds: "A

of ups

summit of Washington, and Tuckerman
Ravine. We wondered if their hiioy-
ancy would keep them from Ijruising
their knees on some of the rocky trails
they proposed to take. How we long-
ed to counsel the counselors !

Not long after hreakfast we were off.
As we were to return to the same hut
for the night we left oiu" packs and
traveled "light." Our plan was to
spend the day on \\'ashington and our
first objecti\e was the summit, one mile
and seven-eighths away, according to the
guide l)ook.

The mist of the valleys, now tossed
into bales of light fluff, floated beneath
and above us, near at hand and far a-
way. We watched the process of cloud-
making in the broad Ammonoosuc
ravine, where some fog still lay, although
no longer rose-tinted ; saw the bulky
fledglings, sometimes like huge dirig-
ibles, rise, poise imcertainly in mid-air
as if to find their bearings and adjust
themselves to flight, then sail away with
flocks of others upon their great adven-
ture. It was a morning of light and
loveliness ; the sky so blue ; the clouds so
soft; the air so clear! Ahead and up-

small but flat surface in this world
and downs."

ward the jumbled rocky cone, with its
deep set trail over which the ponies
used to scramble, in the days when folks
rode horseback to the summit ; behind
and now below us, Monroe with the
hut and two lakes so small in the dis-
tance ; and everywhere, the ranges and
the peaks, the valleys, the ravines and
the notches.

As we reached the summit a wayward
cloud, rambling over the mountain, made
an unexpected turn and wrapped us in
its damp folds. We could only laugh,
it was such a mischievous caprice,
button our sweaters more closely and
walk on, seeing only the stones beneath
our feet. It stayed but a minute, then
romped lazily away, to play, perhaps,
with other nn)untain climbers over on
the Carter range.

From the summit we studied the
])anorama in all directions, and also in-
dulged in coffee at the hotel. Here we
foimd our girls' camp hikers, who had
shot ahead of us early in the morning.
They were huddled around the big open
fireplace and looked frazzled. Their en-
thusiasm of the night before was gone.
I heard only a few feeble thrums from

THE HIGHEST PATH IN NEW ENGLAND

265

the ukelele. Their young eyes looked
worn and weary. They had changed
their pkms and were not going down
through Tuckerman l)ut hack to their
camp by the nearest trail. They stared
with a kind of dull astonishment at us
old fogies, still "going strong." As we
went out to face the gale uj)on the sum-
mit, they drew closer to the fire.

We followed the winding carriage
road a short distance down the easterly
side ; looked across the massive Great
Gulf to the Northern Peaks, noted the
points we had traversed the day before,
and remembered how the line of this
carriage road had looked from the sum-
mit of Madison.

The clouds were grv)winj very frolic-
some. Now Jefferson would be lost to
view ; then Madison was capped ; then
in a twinkling all the world became clear
as crystal, with the big downy things
riding off to sport in the far high
heavens. Across our own path, a care-
less gray play-fellow wandered in hap-
hazard fashion. And we, anxious to
avoid two over-talkative females from
the Summit House, who had attached
themselves to our party, all too evident-
ly for the day, and were enriching our
lives with tales of their journeyings in
China, Mexico, and far and near every-
where, in that endless uninteresting
fashion, that habitual travelers some-
times have ; we. I say, took advantage
of friend cloud. With no little diffi-
culty we got a few paces ahead of our
new companions. Talking so rapidly,
they could not walk quite as fast as we
could on a pinch. Besides they were
unsuspecting and entirely absorbed in
describing a million dollar hotel in
Alexandria. The cloud was there. We
stepped within. Then moving off the
carriage road a few feet to the right,
still covered, we waited, completely
hidden.

We heard their voices, their foot-
falls even, as they passed by. "Every
bed in tlie hotel was of brass." Groping
about we found a huge boulder to

crouch behind when the cloud lifted.
They returned, searching. We heard
discussion. At last they decided we
were around the bend in the road
ahead, turned again and hurried on in
hopes of overtaking us. And we have
never known whether every room in that
Egyptian hotel had a bath as well as a
brass bed.

Huntington Ravine is worth looking
down into and across at the huge moun-
tainous sloping rock steep of Nelson's
crag. Beneath us, so sharply beneath
that some of us did not care to be too
near the edge, lay the wild and seldom
trod chasm of the ravine.

We were now at the foot and on the
easterly side of the cone of Washington.
A plateau, called the Alpine Garden runs
along this side of the mountain and we
passed over it on our way to the head-
wall of Tuckerman Ravine. Rare artic
plants known no where else in New
England are found here and very beauti-
ful are some of the diminutive flowers ;
but to the casual eye the place does not
give the impression of a garden. It
certainly is not cultivated or even culled
of rocks.

Tuckerman is the most heralded of
the ravines, and the tramper's favorite.
We lunched on the head-wall and conned
the scenery well while the water for our
tea prepared itself to boil. We strolled
out to the heights of Boott Spur, over
the flats of the Davis Path, known as
Bigelow Lawn, breathed long and deeply
of the views and went on, to the Hang-
ing Cliff, where, lying flat, we peered
over the edge down fifteen hundred feet
to little Hermit Lake, the jewel of
Tuckerman Ravine. And everywhere
down there was the thick green forest
of stunted fir, so different from our
open heights. The most interesting
thing about Mount Washington are the
clouds but next are the ravines.

Returning to the Spur we took the
Camel Trail back over a short mile to
the Lakes-of-the-Clouds, thus having
m;>.de in our dav a circuit of the south-

266

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Madison, Adams, and Jefferson's Knee

easterly half of the cone of \\' ashington ;
a day that had made us near of kin to
the grand old settler.

Another lovely sunset and soft hlue
evening, and in the night, exhihition ex-
traordinary of the wonderful phenom-
enon! of the Northern Lights. We had
gone to bed. hut rest and sleep were in-
consequential, when the gods were play-
ing with the rays of heaven. Last night
they had experimented with the light-
ning ; tonight the mysteries of the Au-
rora Borealis were their whim. Can you
imagine not being satisfied with the
stars and the moon ?

Out we stumbled into the open night
and watched the long rays of variegat-
ed lights streaming from zenith to hori-
zon. Pillars of gold and lavender they
seemed. At first sharply defined and
radiant, they gradually grew fainter and
less luminous. An awe inspiring scene
it was. to marvel at. We watched until
the show was over, then remembered we
were sleepy and turned in.

The next morning we had before us
the Southern Peaks and homeward
journey, for that evening was to see us
back in Boston. Seven miles over the

Crawford Bridle Path would bring us
to the Crawford House at the head of
Crawford Notch and we planned to
reach there in time to try their table
service before taking the early afternoon
train.

Bidding farewell to our youthful
hosts at the hut we followed the path
around the southerly shoulder of
Monroe. Deep down on our left was
Oakes Gulf, and across that, forming the
separating wall from the Gulf of Slides
beyond, lay the Montalban Ridge, .1
long mountain line running from Boott
Spur to Bemis. over which the Davis
Trail runs.

The day was fair. We were at one
with the mountains ! and also with the
world ! Three days we had lived on the
heights. What was time ? But yes
there was the afternoon train and our
various lines of work on the morrow.
We must not look over our shoulders
too much at Washington's dome but on-
ward march.

Franklin (5.028 ft.) is a big bleak
shoulder that one hardly realizes is a
separate peak, from the trail. I class
it with Clav as one of the mountains

THE HIGHEST PATH IN NEW ENGLAND

267

that effaces itself on near approach.
Not so, Mount Pleasant (4,775 ft.), a
fine rounded crown, looking more than
its height. The main path goes on one
side, but we took the loop over the sum-
mit and stole time for the views near the
cairn on top.

All too soon we came to Clinton
(4,275 ft.) for that meant the end of
life above the tree-line. Not quite
three full days ago we had emerged
from the forest on the side of Madison
and now we must go down again
through the realm of trees to the world
of people and of cares.

We stood long upon the brow of
Clinton looking back over the range.
Hardy Pleasant loomed large and
smooth in the foreground. Franklin
was still unpresuming. The two prongs
of Monroe looked diminutive now in the
distance, and Washington far away was
vague in haze. But oh ! the l)eauty, the
softness and the pure loveliness of this
open mountain world with its valleys
and its heights, blue sky and drifting
clouds !

With one master effort we turned our
backs on it and the scrub fir covered us.
Three miles down, down, through the
woodlands, a rather quiet party but full
to the brim of what the God of the Open
Air has to give. ( )nce we saw a deer,
sorrel red. with white tail-plume up-
lifted, dashing through the underbrush,
close at hand, startled by our approach.
Anon we heard the waters of Gibb's
Brook coursing down the mountain to
the rendezvous at Craw fords where the
Saco River is formed, and we left the
path l)efore quite reaching the foot of
the mountain, to jjlay and wash in the
streams ; a last idling with nature, and
an attempt to "spruce up" for civiliza-
tion. The men put on their neckties,
the women donned their skirts. Thus
arrayed and fit neither for trail nor
piazza, we marched out upon the green

lawn before the Crawford House, scarce
able to steer our course over the so
smooth a surface, and feeling decidedly
clumsy footed, for the first time since
we picked our way over the railroad
track at Randolph three and one-half
days ago.

Suggested Equipment

Light packs may be enjoyed as blank-
ets are supplied at the huts as are also
meals and simple rations to be taken out
for lunches. Clothing should be warm
and strong; two sets of woolen under-
wear, one for day, one for night. Those
worn all day are apt to be damp and
when one can't have a bath a change
of underclothing is the next best thing.
Two flannel shirts ; firm woolen or dux-
back knickers ; thick woolen stockings ;
two or three pair on and an extra pair or
two in your pack; thick soled comfort-
al)le shoes well studded with hol)-nails
and a pair of sneakers or moccasins for
a change to wear about camp. Heavy
sweater, and a poncho or some rain-
proof garment that can be worn over
pack and also used as a wind proof ;
small felt cap, tam, or cap, anything as
long as you don't care what happens
to it. Some people take an old pair of
gloves to protect the hands when climb-
ing among the rocks. Of course, one's
own toilet articles including soap and
towels. Some member of the party
should carrv an emergencv kit, contain-
ing iodine, 1:)andages, adhesive plaster,
etc. Tver Johnson, Washington St..
Boston, supply good ones at $1.00 each.
Also one candle-lantern, one A. M. C.
guide book, one hatchet among the
[)arty in case of emergency, and a com-
j)ass for each person. The general
rule is to carry as little extra as possible,
so have what you do carry as service-
able as possible. Remember it can be
very cold above the tree-line and don't
scorn woolens.

THREE OPINIONS

On the Legislature of 1923

I. The Democratic Viewpoint

By Robert Jackson

THE President of the United States
has lately expressed his grave con-
cern over the drift toward a pure
democracy now manifest in our political
institutions and warns us that no pure
democracy has ever survived. It would
be interesting to speculate upon how far
higher educational standards, which are
daily widening their scope to include in
their benefits a greater and greater pro-
portion of our youth, might tend to cor-
rect the evils responsible for the decay
of the ancient democracies Mr. Hard-
ing doubtless had in mind. Here in
New England we still maintain in all
its original jjurity and vigor the best
example of a pure democracy, the town
meeting; and it has proved so success-
ful and satisfactory that no substantial
change has been made in the institution
since the earliest colonial days.

Of course, President Harding was
thinking of the nation and not of the
community. The latter naturally adapts
itself to a purely democratic form of
government which in the former would
spell chaos. But the very success of
the town meeting is perhaps responsible
for our reluctance to reform an obvious
defect in our governmental system,
namely the huge and un wieldly bulk of
our New Hampshire House of Repre-
sentatives. Oligarchies are usually ef-
ficient but as a people our experience
leads us to shun them. We hesitate to
delegate our powers of governing our-
selves to the few. So it happens bien-
nially that we send some 420 representa-
tives to Concord and then at the con-
clusion of the session abuse them be-
cause they have not been as brisk and ef-
ficient in the i)erformance of their tasks
as would be possible for a smaller, more
compact and less cumbersome body.

This year presents no exception to
the rule. The cry is raised the legisla-

ture was too long on the job, it talked
too much, it was too expensive, it ac-
complished little. And yet, upon ex-
amination, it appears that the legislature
of 1923 was in many respects certainly
no worse and, in some respects, superior
to its predecessors.

For instance, in a world where all,
save perhaps one's secret thoughts
are regulated by statute, it is no great
evil to have cut down the number of
laws enacted. To have created no new
offices, to have raised no salaries (save
one which was increased very slightly),
to have fought ofif successfully the
hordes who clamored for appropriations
of public money as if it were inexhaus-
tible manna from the skies and not col-
lected painfully from every citizen, are
distinctions (jf which any legislative
body may well be proud. Especially
is this true at a time like the present
when taxes have l)een increased by leaps
and bounds to a point where more than
one-sixth of the income of the average
family goes to meet the expenses of
government.

It is difiicult to realize what pressure
is brought to hear upon an Appropria-
tions committer and particularly upon
its chairman unless one has had oppor-
tunity of observation at close range.
It seems to be an inexorable rule of hu-
man nature that those directly interest-
ed in the activities of government de-
partments become obsessed with the idea
that their particular field is the one
which must be provided for at all costs.
Economy as a general principle is 'a
splendid idea until they feel its contract-
ing rigors upon themselves. Then all sense
of proportion is lost and almost any
method which will secure the desired
appropriation is resorted to. The ideal
member of an Appropriations Commit-
tee must comjjiue the finesse of a diplo-

THREE OPINIONS

269

mat with the stubbornness of a mule.
With no intention of reflecting upon
the personal characteristics of the pres-
ent committee, it may be said that they
did an excellent and exceptional job.
Through their courage and determina-
tion, it was possible to reduce the state
tax for the biennial period a total of
$1,350,000 below the figures of two
years ago and every family in Niew
Hampshire will benefit thereby.

In this connection it may not be amiss
to reveal an incident which shows how
courage and judgment will solve per-
plexing legislative tangles. The budget
bill ai)pro[)riates the funds necessary to
run all the state institutions and de-
partments. Under our constitution, the
governor is not permitted as in some
states to veto individual items but must
accept or reject the bill as a whole.
Consequently, when some appropriation
has been beaten in the house or senate
or it is known that the governor is op-
posed and will veto it, the appropria-
tion can be attached as a rider to the
budget l)ill and if the budget bill is then
vetoed, no funds are available for the
ordinary running expenses of govern-
ment. In the expressive language of
the corridors, the rider "puts the gover-
nor in a hole." This procedure was
followed by the senate and an appropria-
tion of a large amount to which it was
known the governor was opposed was
attached to the budget bill sent up from
the house. The house refused to con-
cur. A committee of conference was
named. One of the house conferees

was a Republican with a distinguished
record of legislative service, and, as his
many friends have occasion to know,
all the courage necessary to deal with

most exigencies.

The conferees met. The session was
brief, very brief. The distinguished Re-
publican spoke for his colleagues of the
house. "You gentlemen" he said to
the senate conferees, "will take ofif that
rider or we will let the state depart-
ments and institutions go without a dol-
lar and we will let the people know
who is responsible." The rider was re-
moved.

Another exhibition of courage was af-
forded when the speaker declined to
recognize a member who was on his
feet demanding a roll call when a roll
call would have adjourned the house
and postponed action on many impor-
tant measures not in dispute. The
speaker's action was arbitrary but it was
justified, as even the victim of the rul-
ing good-naturedly admitted.

As for affirmative accomplishment,
the legislature put upon the statute books
several tax measures which represent all
that probably can be accomplished un-
der the limitations of our constitution.
It provided liberal aid for agriculture,
increasing the appropriation over that
of two years ago, and it appropriated
more money for new building construc-
tion than has been provided in many
years. In spite of these increases, it
was able, by cutting expenditures in
other directions, to effect a very sub-
stantial reduction in the state tax.

II. The Republican Viewpoint

By Olin Chase

A conspiracy of political circum- crats having a substantial majority of

/-% stances in 1922, which could not the house, along with a Democratic

be fully foreseen and consec^uent- governor,

ly was not effectively combatted by the It is often remarked that it is better

Republicans, inflicted upon the people for one party or the other to have a

of New Hampshire a legislature, the free h^.nd in legislation than it is for

control of which was divided between the responsibility to be split. As a

the two political parties, the Republicans general proposition this may be true,

dominating the senate and the Demo- but not so in New Hampshire in the

270

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

legislature of 1923, whose banner
achievement — its adjournment — was far
too long delayed, but happily is now ac-
complished.

It is scant wonder that when the
people looked u|)on the house of repre-
sentatives, with its wild proposals and
radical majority leadership, and especial-
ly when they took a view of that cos-
moi)olitan group from the Queen City,
in which w^as i)ractically vested the con-
trol of the house, that they thanked God
for the senate.

Had the senate by some almost unim-
aginable misfortune been Democratic,
and as radical in its tendency, as
amenable to partisanship, and as blind
to public welfare as was the house, the
damage which would have accrued to
the state as a result of this legislative
session could not have been repaired
in a generation.

While there were other matters of
more importance to the state at large
in which party consideration predomi-
nated, perhaps the Democratic gauge
was as well measured by the handling
of the contested election cases as in any
subject which commanded popular at-
tention. Here the motive could not be
concealed by a smoke screen of alleged
merit. In Ward 5 Laconia and in the
town of Freedom the returns showed no
election for representative by reason of
a tie vote. However, the Democratic
majority in the house wasted no time in
examining the votes, in taking testi-
mony, or in making any motions look-
ing to a determination of what was fair
in the premises. Time, which on other
occasions was not highly valued, in this
instance suddenly took on a price which
made its use in determining the rights
of a Republican aspirant for legislative
honors impracticable. Brute strength
prevailed and the Democrats were seat-
ed.

These events were only preliminary
to the main performance. In the town
of Thornton the Repulilican was elect-
ed by one vote. l)Oth by the finding of

the secretary of state on examining the
ballots and by the examination of the
ballots by the committee on elections.
The committee on elections, composed
of nine Democrats and six Republicans,
voted nine to four to seat the Repub-
lican. After a ridiculous delay, the
party whip was cracked, the committee
report was set aside, and the Republican
nominee was allowed to remain at his
home in Thornton.

H)Ut the climax of partisan unfairness
has not yet been reached in this story.
In Ward 7 Concord an examination of
the l)allots by the secretary of state
showed a Republican candidate for rep-
resentative to have been elected by a ma-
jority of seven. Not a scintilla of evi-
dence was produced which could arouse
even a suspicion of fraud, yet the crack
of the same whip which had functioned
in the foregoing cases again resounded
throughout the state house corridors
with the result that the Democrat re-
tained his seat.

No attempt at justification of the at-
titude of the Democratic majority
toward these contested election cases
has been publicly uttered or printed.

The Democratic claim that the elec-
tion of their candidate for governor
and a majority of the house of repre-
sentatives registered a demand from the
people for the passage of a forty-eight
hour law will not stand analysis. Many
considerations entered into the results
of the gubernatorial campaign, the most
important of which was the costly in-
difference of Republican voters to the
real import of the situation. Stay-at-
homes caused Repulilican defeat, as an
examination of the returns clearly
shows.

In many cases Democrats were elect-
ed to the house from small towns, nor-
mally Re])ublican. not one per cent, of
the citizenship of which favor the enact-
ment of a forty-eight hour law.

But whatever the sentiment of the
state may have Ijeen in November, 1922,
with reference to legislation affecting the

THREE OPINIONS

271

hours of labor, the Repubhcan members
of the legislature stood ready at all
times to fulfil the promise of their plat-
form to the people of New Hampshire,
which was as follows :

'■****\Ve, therefore, favor the creation
by the state of a Fact Finding Commis-
sion which will impartially and exhaus-
tively investigate all of the essential and
comparative conditions bearing on the
controversy over the length of the work-
ing week for women employed in indus-
try in this state, to report to the incom-
ing legislature before its adjournment."

Two resolutions for a fact-finding
commission, each of which gave to the
Democrats a majority of such a commis-
sion, were introduced early in the ses-
sion, but both went down to defeat by
reason of Democratic opj)Osition.

The position taken and consistently
maintained by the Republicans on the
various phases of the prol)lem of taxa-
tion was equally tenable.

On the questions involving a modifica-
tion of the poll tax for women and the
restoration of a usury law the action of
the Democratic house majority was ob-
viously theatrical and manifestly barren
of sincerity. The principle that legisla-
tion is in the main a matter of com-
promise was entirely ignored.

Education was made to bear the brunt
of the only expense curtailment which
came out of the much advertised Demo-
cratic policy of economy. In lieu of

money badly needed for building pur-
poses the state college was given a
change of name, and a bill providing for
a dormitory at the Keene Normal School
was allowed to sufifocate in the pocket
of His Excellency the Governor.

In the consideration of subjects on
which the two parties differed in policy
the Republicans rightfully stood by the
party's promises to the people of the
state. In the attempts at legislation on
matters which did not involve party dif-
ference the Republicans adhered to the
traditional Republican policy of con-
struction. Early in the session co-op-
eration was adopted as the Republican
watchword and no Democratic leader
will deny that the knowledge of experi-
enced Republican legislators was at the
disposal of the majority at all times.
That the legislature accon■^plished ibut
little cannot be charged to partisan op-
position on the part of the minority.

The majority opinion of the state of
New Hampshire is anti-Democratic.
That that opinion was not allowed to
assert itself in th? legislature of 1923
was due to unfortunate circumstances,
not likely to soon recur. The Repub-
lican record in that legislature is such
that the party can go to the electorate
in 1924 with pride and confidence and
ask to be restored to its rightful place
in the politics of New Hampshire.

III. An Independent Viewpoint

WHY" asks the editor of the
Granite Monthly, "did the
1923 New Hampshire Legis-
lature accomplish so little?"

I attended faithfully, the long unpro-
ductive sessions of this Legislature. I
suffocated in the gallery, amidst sneezes,
stale air and unending oratory. I
haunted the lobbies, I dined with Legis-
lators, I questioned them, I studied them.
I quarrelled and agreed with them. I
was not a member. I am not in politics,
I am an outsider. In fact, I must con-
fess to being one of those hybrids, those

much scorned individuals who, at times,
splits a party ticket.

Mr. Chase, I understand, is to tell you
what many Republicans think of this
mitch discussed Legislature. Mr. Jack-
son is to speak for the Democrats and I
have been asked to present the point of
view of an Independent.

It was an unusual session. More
specific laws were earnestly sought by
large groups of citizens than at any time
within the last 10 years, and yet com-
paratively little was accomplished.

In previous sessions with which I

272

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

have been familiar, the House has rare-
ly been divided on [)arty lines. This
year division on })arty lines were the
rule rather than the exception. For-
merly when the Senate and House dis-
agreed in regard to important bills, ef-
forts were made to arrive at a com-
promise. This winter neither body
seemed anxious to find a common
ground.

Now, what were the reasons for the
rather unprecedented and extremely
destructive partisanship that was char-
acteristic of this legislature? It was
certainly not due to any important dif-
ferences of opinion between the two
party platforms. For these two plat-
forms were in remarkable accord. Even
on the 48-hour questiim there was little
difference of oi)inion. The Democrats
demanded a state 48-hour law while
the Republicans, expressing a desire to
co-operate in all efforts to shorten the
hours of women and children in indus-
try, endorsed a national 48-hour law
and called for an investigation to be
made at once to determine what State
action should l)e taken.

Why then, should such an irrrecon-
cilable divergance of views have devel-
oped between the Democratic House and
Republican Senate? Why were meas-
ures in both branches considered on the
basis of party expediency rather than
on their intrinsic merit? Why did the
House occupy itself chiefly in passing
bills in the form most likely to arouse
opposition in the Sen'ite? Why did the
Senate prefer to kill these bills rather
than to modify them so as to bring them
into accord with Republican principles
and policies ?

There were roughly speaking two
large groups of citizens represented in
the Legislature : the farmers and the
industrial workers. The farniers want-
ed equalization of taxation, a new
dormitory at the State College, protec-
tion of fruit growers from injury by
game birds, etc. The industrial centers
wanted a 48-hour law for women and

children working in factories, home
rule, city government and the abolition
of the women's poll tax. The farmers
were mostly represented by Republicans
and industrial workers by Democrats.
These groups were not to my mind
necessarily antagonistic to each other.

lUit to turn them against each other
and in the confusion and heat of con-
troversy of a legislative session per-
suade them that their interests were en-
tirely hostile was not a hard thing to
accomplish. It offered an ideal oppor-
tunity to those interests who wanted
nothing accomplished. It offered an
ideal opportunity to political leaders de-
siring to draw strict party lines and to
save issues for coming campaigns.
That many of these individuals took full
advantage of this situation and did all
in their j)ower to turn these two ele-
ments into opposing camps showed
either an ignorance or callousness not
only to the welfare of their party but
to the state that was more than disillus-
ioning.

There was. I think, at the beginning
of the session a decided tendency on
the part of members of both parties to
work together toward constructive legis-
lation in a spirit of compromise. Even
on the 48-hour law there was consider-
able expectation that a large portion of
the Democrats would support the fact-
finding commission.

"Let us look as practical men at our
situation," declared Raymond Stevens,
one of the Democratic leaders, and who,
though a staunch supporter of the 48-
hour law, made a hard fight to swing
Democratic members to the fact-finding
resolution introduced by Ex-Gov. Bass.
"The House is Democratic but the Sen-
ate is two to one Republican

Does it do us, does it do the party, does
it do the people who work in the tex- I

tile mills any good to put it

through the House and have it killed in I
the Senate? I have enough confi-
dence in the merit of the 48-hour ques-
tion so that I am sure that a careful im-

THREE OPINIONS 273

partial investigation will convince fair personal aims to the end that little of
minded men that it ought to pass.... If importance was accomplished,
you vote down this resolution for a But. you will ask, were there none
special investigation you may lose some out of the 417 members who made any
open minded men who really want in- attempt to work for measures on their
formation. And you give every unfair own merits, who were more interested
man who is really opposed to the forty- in carrying out their party platforms
eight hour law a chance to dodge and than in playing the game of politics?
to justify his vote." Yes. There was a small group of
But the tide suddenly turned over men and women of both parties who
night, or to be accurate, over a week amidst bitter criticism worked untiring-
end, and when the resolution actually ly, and had throughout the session, a
came to the vote all spirit of compromise clean and consistent record of support
had gone. Save for a handful, not only for constructive and needed legislation,
were the Democrats against it, but to The fact that a good bill was advocated
my astonishment it was not at all vigor- by an opposing party did not prevent
ously supported by Republicans as a members of this group from support-
whole, for more than one-third took ing it. This group was too small to
that occasion to be absent. accomplish much. But that party and
Why? According to some of the class lines were not more strongly drawn
members, many of the Democratic lead- and that a few bills of value to both the
ers fought the passage of the fact find- farmer and the wage earner were pass-
ing resolution fearing it might result ed was due in my mind largely to their
in the passage of a 48 or a 50 hour week efforts.

and so deprive them of their chief issue The feeling amongst these members
for the next campaign. As for the Jli was very strongly against intense par-
Republicans who refused to vote for tisanship in Legislative work and es-
this platform pledge, one can only con- pecially against class alignment. "New
elude that either they were indifferent Hampshire," declared one, "is not ex-
to this, the most important issue of the clusively an agricultural or an indus-
session, or else they too feared the re- trial State, it is both and the interests
suits that such an investigation would of both should be ecjually considered,
bring. Political power is closely divided be-
After the defeat of the fact-finding tween the two, and if they work at cross
commission in the House, came the de- purposes, all progress will be checked."
feat of the 48-hour bill in the Senate and As an independent, I confess to a
this determined everything that after- hearty approval of this statement. I do
wards occurred. Industrial workers not believe that we shall ever again have
wHo were incidentally Democrats came quite suali a partisan session of oui^
to look upon the representatives of the Legislature. Doubtless, many of the
rural district who were incidentally Re- members another time will better under-
publicans as hostile to all their interests, stand the forces they have to cope with.
It created an altogether false situation. May our political parties realize the
The Democrats became the champions need of aggressive constructive pro-
of industrial labor, the Republicans grams, giving fair consideration to all
champions of the farmers. The corpora- classes and sections and may they put
tion lobby and the more intense political up for candidates men who will fear-
leaders fanned the flames and encour- lessly and honestly carry out these party
aged his class alignment to serve their platforms.

Daisy Deane Williamson

Head of the Hemic Dciiioiistration Work at
Nczv HaiiipsJiirc Unk'crsity

'The one who toadies us how to dress properly, how to feed our babies, and

how to make our liousework easier" — this in tiie words of Mrs. B. in the

article which follows is a description which may be applied to Miss

Williamson and the valuable work she is doing for the state.

ALONG CAME MARY ANN

How Home Demonstration Work Helps A Community

By Daisy Deane Williamson

PREPARATIONS for some sort of
big time were in progress at the
Grange Hall in the village.
Mary Ann, who had just moved in the
day before, paused long enough in her
labors of straightening up the house
to watch a few women who were
walking past on their way to the
Hall. She knew there were going to
be "big doings" because every one
was hustling and excited. She had
also seen various packages and par-
cels being carried in. Of course Mary
Ann was not extremely curious, but
she really wa.s interested in seeing
the people she must eventually meet
and work with. And she was just a
bit blue — furniture was piled about
her in disorder, dinner dishes w^ere
unwashed, and worst of all, she was
among strangers who might or might
not welcome her into their midst.

She turned from the window only
when she was sure the women had
gone to the Hall, and encountered a
boy who put his head in the doorway
and asked if he might have a pail of
water to give his "tin Lizzie" a drink.

"Going up to the Grange Hall to-
night?" he asked.

"Why. no. What's going on?"

"Oh a big community meeting, and
a big feed at 6.30. Haven't you seen
the posters stuck up at every cross-
road? It's the same meeting the
preacher annovmced Sunday at
church."

"What will they have besides eats?"
said Mary Ann.

"Oh, some folks of the Extension
Service of the New Hampshire State
College will be there. That's where
I am going in three years. The
County Club Leader, County Agri-
cultural Agent, and the Home Demon,
will help us make out our program
for the year. Better come up."

He jumped into his Ford and soon

disappeared over the hill. Mary Ann
looked wistfully toward the Hall.
The Extension Service, County Agri-
cultural Agent, "Home Demon."
What in the world was a "Home
Demon?"

The clock on the table struck the
hour of three. Mary Ann began to
place rugs on the floor, move about
pieces of furniture, and hang pictures.
But during the whole process the
words "Home Demon." kept running
through her mind.

The Grange Hall was lighted from
the kitchen to the auditorium. The
community had gathered, and judging
from the laughter wdiich burst forth
at intervals, the people were having a
good time. The tables were loaded
with an abundance of baked beans
just from the ovens, brown bread,
pickles, pies and cakes.

"Guess the whole community has
turned out tonight," said Mr. B.
"Seems good to see everybody to-
gether again."

Just then Bobby ran up to him and
said, "Dad, I asked Mary Ann to come
up tonight, but I suppose she's too
tired. She just moved in the Smith
house yesterday."

"Land sakes alive," said Mrs. B.
"How did you know her name was
Mary Ann? Isn't it too bad nobody
thought to ask her to come to supper?"

"But I did." said Bobby.

Mrs. B. untied her apron strings
and laid the apron aside, brushed back
her stray locks, and started toward
the door.

"Fine community spirit we've
shown I must say. Here we are all
ready to sit down to this nice hot
supper without giving one thought
to Mary Ann and her husband. I'm
going after them."

Mrs. B. disappeared quickly down

276

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

At x\iary Ann's a row of old chairs recciv
bath and a new coat of

the road. In a few minutes she came
back bringing Mary Ann and her
husband who, though shy at first
among strangers, soon succumbed to
the general friendhness and genial
atmosphere and felt at home. Mary
Ann whispered to John that she knew
they were going to like living in this
town for the people were so friendly.

The horn of a Ford sounded just
outside the door.

"It's our agent," said Mrs. A. who
rushed out to greet her. "Too bad
she had a meeting this afternoon and
couldn't get here for supper."

In came a bright-eyed, smiling girl
with a pressure cooker in one hand, a
bundle of bulletins in the other hand,
and a roll of Sanitas oil cloth under
her arm. Mary Ann saw that every
one liked this newcomer, for they all
hurried forward to greet her. Mrs.
B. took her straight to Mary Ann,
saying, "I want you to meet our new
neighbor. She has just moved into
this town." To Mary Ann .she said,
"This is our Home Demonstration
Agent, the one who teaches us how
to dress properly, how to feed our
babies, and how to make our house-
work easier. She knows how to do
everything."

"Home Demon," was beginning to
mean something to Mary Ann. She
hoped she would have the opportunity

ed a rejuvenating potash
paint.

to learn some
of these
things. The
chairman call-
ed the meet-
ing to order,
a resume of
last year's
work was
given — won-
derful accom-
p 1 i s h m e n t s
along agricul-
tural lines
with men and
boys and
along home
economic lines i)y women and girls. The
problems confronting the community
were discussed and plans of work to be
carried out were made. Finally, a pro-
gram, a goal to be reached, was laid
out for the women to be carried on un-
der the guidance of the home demonstra-
tion agent.

Mrs. A., for instance, undertook
charge of supervising the making of
10 dress forms, 12 spring and 12 fall
hats, and 14 foundation patterns ; Mrs.
B. undertook to be local leader of the
food and health department which in-
cluded plans for dental clinics with a
program of changing the food habits
of 15 different families, and in Mrs.
C's home improvement department 12
refinished pieces of furniture, 9 chairs
caned, 20 articles made in basketry
was the goal laid out.

"Ladies," said the agent, "you have
adopted a fine program of work. You
have set goals and appointed leaders
to take care of the details of the meet-
ings, arouse interest, and report ac-
complishments. You remember that
I told you that, since this county has
thirty-two communities all clamoring
for work. I cannot promise to be
with you more than five times during
the year. I am planning to hold a
training school for Home Improve-
ment leaders at .some town where the
women will be taught how to refinish

ALONG CAME MARY ANN

277

Tlio value of tho

prove
c

furniture. A
similar school
will he held
to take up
caning of
chairs, and
stenciling of
oil cloth.

"If you
women will
agree to send
two women
to each of
these schools
to learn how
to do this
work and he willing to accept this in-
formation from these trained workers
at such meetings as you can plan for,
the Home Im})rovement work will he
cared for quite nicely."

To Mary Ann it seemed little short
of thrilling that here in this village
she could have, at her disposal, the
advice of experts on all the problems
of home making. As the agent talked,
Mary Ann's mind translated her
words into practical saving of dollars
and cents. She and John had reluc-
tantly decided that the furniture that
they had brought with them was so
shabby and battered that it must soon
be replaced. How could they afiford it?
Here was the Home Demonstration
agent describing a training school soon
to be held at which she could learn
how to refiinish those chairs. Dress
making had always been a problem to
her but when the home demonstration
agent talked about it, Mary Ann could
see her summer wardrobe taking
shai:)e almost by magic it sounded so
easy. The agent spoke of cooking and
food planning and Mary Ann had a
guilty feeling that she had not always
managed wisely. She made a mental
resolution to take full advantage of
the information of the college exten-
sion service.

The longer the agent talked, the
more enthusiastic Mary Ann became,
but when the speaker touched on

nti\e "vork clone I)y the extension service

annot he estiniateiL

millinery, she almost jumped out of
her seat. That was something she knew
about. She whispered to Mrs. B.
"I used to be a milliner." And before
she knew it, she found herself ap-
pointed to take charge of that branch
of the work herself. And so by the
time the meeting came to a close and
the County Agricultural Agent, the
County Club Leader and the Home
Demonstration Agent had climbed into
their Fords, not only had the two
women volunteered to attend the
training school for Home Improve-
ment but each different phase of the
h.ome demonstration work to be car-
ried on in this particular village had
been placed under the supervision of
local leaders, each of whom had a
delinite plan of work to be accom-
plished.

The winter became for Mary Ann
the busiest time she had ever known.
A trip to Pembrook for the training
school was followed by a session
in the back shed at Mary Ann's where
a row of old chairs received a rejuvi-
nating potash bath and a fresh coat
of paint. Mrs. D., who had learned
in ancjther county how to make dress
forms, included Mary Ann in her class
and she saw her dressmaking prob-
lems vanish into thin air.

Somehow, Mary Ann's enthusiasm
was contagious. The whole town was
working harder and accomplishing

278

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

"Mrs. C. reported that six cliairs had been caned."

more this yeai" than ever before and
Mary Ann's millinery classes were the
mast popular social functions in the
town that winter.

Finally, the time of the real mill-
inery meeting arrived. Mary Ann
was at the hall before any one else
came. She had the hat shapes, braids,
and ti"immings all laid out on the
tables, every one marked with the
name of the owner. Pins, needles,
and thread were ready for those who
might not bring such supplies. She
had placed a poster announcing the
meeting in the post office. She and
Mrs. A. had reachd every woman in
the community by telephone, whether
or not she was a Farm Bureau mem-
ber, and urged her to be present.
When the H. D. A. arrived she found
twenty-five women ready for business.
She and Mary Ann worked as fast and
as steadily as possible all day, giving a
suggestion here, a little help there,
and by night twenty-five women went
home each with a hat that would have
done credit, as far as workmanship and
good taste are concerned, to any milli-
ner. So every few weeks the women

of the community met, and did their
part toward carrying out, to a success-
ful finish, the program of work as
l)lanned.

Finally came the last meeting of the
year. Once more the Grange Hall was
lighted from top to bottom. Once
more the community gathered with
great baskets of food. Baked beans,
pies, cakes? No, the menu this time
consisted of boiled ham, whole wheat
bread, scalloped potatoes, cabbage
salad, ice cream and cake. Beans
are a fine food, but the H. D. A. said
that they should not be eaten every
day, — that cabbage was an excellent
food — that scalloped potatoes were
good to serve because they gave an
opportunity to use milk — that whole
grain bread should be served occa-
sionally — that ice cream and cake
made a better dessert than so rnuch
pie — that boiled ham was easily pre-
pared, and was very good served
with scalloped potatoes and cabbage
salad. Then there was colTee for the
adults, but none for the children. They
were served milk.

Everyone forgot he had taxes to

ALONG CAME MARY ANN

279

pay, cows to milk, poultry to fJ;i»-S..
care for, debts to meet, fami- *^»— ^
lies to feed. Jokes and laugh-
ter kept more serious thoughts
in the background.

Once more the crowd
gathered in the hall above.
The i)rogram started with
c o m m u n i t y singing — The
Long, Long Trail, Liza Jane,
Smiles, Pack Up ^'()ur
Troubles, ending with ( )ld
Macdonald Had a Farm, E-L
E-I-O.

The project leaders were
called on for a report of their
year's wt)rk. Mrs. A. said
that their goals had been ex-
ceeded in every line of the
clothing work. Eighteen dress
forms had been made ; value,
$270. Twenty-five spring hats and
twelve fall hats were completed at the
meetings, and Mary Ann had later as-
sisted the women in making ten more ;
value, $220. Eighteen foundation pat-
terns had been made. With these, ten
dresses, nine waists and five skirts had
been made ; value, $80. Total value
of clothing work done, $570.

Mrs. B. reported that twenty fami-
lies had changed their food habits
with the result that fewer headaches,
fewer colds, less irritabilitv, less indi-

Baskctry is one of the things taught by the Home
Demonstration Agents.

gestlon, and better all-round physical
conditions were noted.

The people of the community were
in favor of the County Dental Clinic
and up to date $150 had been sub-
scribed by this town toward buying
the equipment. Mrs. B. also stated
that at their next town meeting a re-
quest for funds to carry on this work
would be put in the town warrant.

Mrs. C. said twelve chairs, one bu-
reau, and six tables had been refin-
ished, six chairs caned, and thirteen

trays and ten
flower baskets
had been com-
pleted. Mar>-
Ann volun-
teered the in-
formation
that although
the goal for
caning chairs
had not yet
been reached,
she was
working on
three more
and would
have them

"Mrs. A. undertook the supervising of making dress forms."

280

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

done in a few days. It was also report-
ed that under the leadership of Mary
Ann, the community had set out shade
trees in the school yard, and had suc-
ceeded in establishing a traveling library
in the rural schools of that district.

With this wonderful record of the
people, the state home demonstration
leader from the State College was
called upon to tell, what had been
accomplished in the Home Demon-|i|
stration work of the state during the™!!!
last year. Under the guidance of
this department of the extension ser-
vice, she stated that $5,561.84 had
been saved in new hats made and old
ones remodeled ; dress forms, pat-
terns and garments had been made
with a net savmg of $13,920.47. In
the home improvement division, 56
pieces of furniture had been refin-
ished, 531 pieces of basketry had been
made, 625 yards of oil cloth had been
made into table cloths, runners, etc.,
and stenciled ; 20 kitchens had been
rearranged, 70 expense account books
had been placed, and it had been esti-
mated that 38,238 hours of labor had
been saved by the new methods of
equipment, applied in the homes
through the advice and help of the
Home Demonstration Department.

In the house planning division,
rooms had been remodeled, decorated
and some landscape gardening
planned. In the food and health de-
partment, as many as 97 families had
changed their food habits and adopted
improved health habits. Septic

tanks, modern plumbing and sinks had
been installed in 16 different houses,
12 community nurses had been em-
ployed and two dental clinics had been
'started.

The meeting cam? to a close all too
soon, it .seemed. As Alary Ann and
John walked down the hill to their lit-
tle home she said, "I was glad we
made such a good record. Next year,
zve can do more to help things along."

As Airs. A., Airs. B., Airs. C. and
on down to Airs. Z., \vent home they,
too, talked of what hue work had been
done. "We can do more next year,"
they said.

The Home Demonstration Agent
riding along home in her little coupe
said to herself, "This town was once
rather a dead place — little community
spirit, little interest, little effort to-
ward real development. Along came
Mary Ann. Well, here's hoping this
county will be full of Alary Ann's be-
fore another year."

THE NORTHEASTERN FOREST
EXPERIMENT STATION

By K. W. Woodward

AT last the Northeast is to have its
own forest experiment station with
a competent staff working on our
most pressing problems. Congress has
said so. Where it will be placed has
not yet l)een definitely decided 1)ut New
Hampshire's central location, and wide
variety of forest types give it distinct
advantages over its competitors for the
honor.

What will such a station do? Wliat
do the agricultural experiment stations.

the Forest Service Labratory at Aladi-
son, Wisconsin, the forest experiment
stations in the western states, do? Why
does every other progressive nation in
the world maintain such stations ? Why
do such commercial concerns as the Ko-
dak Company have their own research
establishments? In brief the answer
to these questions is that even businesses
(lilt for [irofit alone consider it a sound
investment to set aside a certain portion
of their income to work out new

NORTHEASTERN EXPERIMENT STATION 281

processes and improvements on old done in some concrete cases. The

processes. planting of trees in the semi-arid por-

That is exactly the situation with tion of the United States has long been

reference to our business of growing one of our national aspirations. Free

timlier. We know that we must either land was olfered to settlers who would

grow it or go without and to go with- ])lant woodlots of as specified size. But

out would curtail and hamper every en- the results were meager until the problem

terprise from cooking the meals at home was attacked painstakingly. The species

to making shoes with wooden heels and best able to withstand the dry conditions

over wooden lasts. Obviously if you were determined, the exact size to use,

have a job to do and it is a new one and the best time to plant were worked

you want the best of information. Un- out with the result that trees now grow

fortunately the only places where the where they never were able to get a

business of growing trees has been con- foothold before.

ducted long enough to ])ermit much ex- The question of the exact eiYect of

perience to be accumulated have differ- forest cover on runolT had long been a

ent conditions than these under which moot i)oint. Arguments were urg^ed

we must work. In other words tin on both sides with etpial vehemence but

learning from the French and Scandi- the question is settled once for all now.

navians we must not take over their Two watersheds, one forested and one

methods iiitact. They must be adapted not, were watched for a term of years

to our conditions. Hieir species are and the run-oft' carefully measured

different, their markets are unlike ours, month by month.

and their history has not been ours. ( )ur For a long time the conditions under

l)rol)lems must be worked out in our which Douglas fir reproduced were un-

own environment. known. The evidence collected from

To take the i)rinciples of forestry the cutover areas was contradictory,
and work out methods applicable to our Experiment and checked observations
conditions is no small task. In the first showed that no seed trees were neces-
place the crop takes from fifty to one sary after cutting. There was enough
hundred years to mature. Mistakes in seed stored in the duff' to cover the area
judgment cannot be corrected nex|t completely. This single fact means the
year as they can be with an annual crop, saving of thousands of dollars.
Decisions must be reached which will But granted that a forest experiment
stand the test of time and right judg- station is desirable, can we afford even
ments can only be made after prayerful desirable expenditures in these times of
consideration of all the facts seen - in stringency? Certainly nothing in the
their proper perspective. This is no job nature of extravagance should be toler-
for even a wealthy corporation. It in- ated. But all that is to be attempted is
volves experiments that will take years a modest beginning which will cost much
to yield results. What is needed is less than a half cent an acre of forest
some publicly endowed institution which land. Such an economical and prudent
can take u]) the fundamental long-time people as the Swiss spend nearly double
problems of forestry and work them that. Certainly here in New Hamp-
through to a conclusion just as the agri- shire with over half our area better
cultural experiment stations have done adapted to tree growth than any other
for the tillage land problems, the dairy purpose and wood using industries one
man's troul)les, and the potato growers' of our principal sources of income, a
insect and fungus enemies. forest experiment station is merely a
How this will be done can best be cheap form of insurance to a vital in-
answered by telling how it has been dustry.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Arthur Johnson

Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, have l)een selected, though it is not

as suddenly as the thought struck presumed their authors have not, in

him, when he and a friend of his, some cases, v^^ritten other poems

vi^ho long ago described it to me, which to some tastes are of equal

were hunting for a lost poem to- or perhaps even greater merit. It is

gether: "I should like to have an prol)alile that some at least of the

anthology of the one-poem poets !" — poems here published will be collected

in sympathy with which fugitive later in book form. Suggestions will

wish the poems to be published un- l)e welcome,
der this heading from month to month A. J.

DEDICATION

(Of Lord Vyet and other poems)
By Arthur Christopher Benson

Friend, of my infinite dreams,

Little enough endures ;
Little howe'er it seems,

It is yours, all yours.

Fame hath a fleeting breath,
Hopes may be frail or fond ;

But Love shall be Love till death,
And perhaps beyond.

LORD VYET

What, must my lord be gone?
Command his horse, and call
The servants, one and all.

"Nay. nay. I go alone."

My Lord. I shall unfold
Thy cloak of sables rare
To shield thee from the air:

"Nay. nay. I must be cold."

At lerst thy leech I'll tell

'■"^ome drowsy draught to make,
Less thou should toss awake.

"Nay, nay, I shall sleep well."

My lady keeps her bower : —
I hear the lute delight

POEMS 283

The dark and frozen night,
High up within the tower.

Wilt thou that she descend?
Thy son is in the hall,
Tossing his golden ball,

Shall he my lord attend?

"Nay, sirs, unhar the door.
The broken lute shall fall ;
My son will leave his l)all

To tarnish on the floor."

Yon bell to triumph rings !

To orreet thee, monarchs wait.

Beside their palace gate.
"Yes, I shall sleep with kings."

My lord will soon alight

With some rich prince, his friend.

Who shall his ease attend.
"I shall lodge low tonight."

My lord hath lodging nigh?
"Yes, yes, I go not far, —
And yet the furthest star

Is not so far as T."

A PALAESTRAL STUDY

By Edward Cracroft Lkfroy

The curves of Ijeauty are not softly wrought;

These quivering limbs by strong hid muscles held

In attitudes of wonder, and compelled

Through shaped more sinous than a sculptor's thought,

Tell of dull matter splendidly distraught,

Whisper of mutinies divinely quelled, —

Weak indolence of flesh, that long rebelled.

The spirit's domination l)ravely taught.

And all man's loveliest works are cut with pain.
Beneath the perfect art we know the strain,
Intense, defined, how deep so e'er it lies.
From each high master-piece our souls refrain.
Not tired of gazing, but with stretched eyes
Made hot bv radiant flames of sacrifice.

The old "Peg Mill" at East Landaff where the memorable Town Meeting was held.

THE BUNGA ROAD

An Exciting Controversy at Landaff

By G. G. Williams

THE old fashioned Town Meeting
with the excitement of its po-
litical and factional controver-
sies, has, in most towns, become an-
cient history — some of which makes
interesting listening in these days.

In many of these struggles the
manoeuvering was worthy of a better
cause on account of the selfishness
underlying the action of both sides.
Many and bitter, and more or less
prolonged, have some of these strug-
gles been and perhaps none have
answ^ered to all the above conditions
to a greater extent than the "Bunga
Road," which was a "bone of con-
tention" in the town of Landafif, N.
H., during the decade, 1850—1860.

The cost to the town, before it was
finally settled, was some twenty
thousand dollars beside all that was
spent out of the private funds of in-
dividuals ; and the expense of its

building had to be added to the above
amounts.

This highway began at Bowen Hill
in the east part of the town (now
Easton) and practically followed the
valley of the Wild Ammonoosuc
river to the village of Swiftwater in
Bath, a distance of some seven miles.

The residents of the eastern and
southern parts of Landaff. together
with the ctizens of the adjoining town
of Benton, were anxious for the road,
because it made a quick and easy out-
let for wood and lumber.

The residents of W^est Landaff
(now Landaff,) opposed it on the
ground that they would derive no
benefit from it and so did not pro-
pose to pay toward the cost of its
construction.

So bitter was the feeling relative
to it that family ties, for the time,
were severely strained, as in the case

THE BUNGA ROAD

285

of James C. and Rufus C. Noyes,
brothers, who for years were pitted
against each other for the office of
Moderator.

Party poHtics was forgotten and the
candidates for the various offices
were voted for. be-
cause of their atti-
tude toward the
"Bunga Road."

Thus the conten-
tion went on from
year to year.

Voters from other
tt)wns were import-
ed by both factions
and kept long
enough to give a
color of voting resi-
dence, only ninety
days' residence then
being necessary.

Young men were
given their board
and allowed to at-
tend school during
the winter so as to
have them vote on
this road question
at the annual March
election.

It has been hand-
ed down by tradi-
tion that one voter
living a few rods over the line in
Franct)nia next to East Landatf, and
known to be in favor of the road,
went to bed one night in Franconia
and the next morning waked in. Lan-
dafif, his house having been taken
across the line while he was ap])ar-
ently asleep.

He voted for the road and soon after
that the house moving experience
was reversed and he awoke again in
Franconia where his house had for-
merly been.

Perhaps it would be inct)rrect to
openly make accusation of bribery in
the matter, but in those strenuous
days, candidates and their associates
were inclined to be friendly to those
who stood in need of friendship.

Probably no one spent more time

and money in the fight than did

Daniel Whitcher

Although no portion of the road
was in the town of Benton, yet the
excitement ran as hi^h and practi-
cally the same oonditiuns obtained,
as in Landaff and its influence en-
tered into the political, social, educa-
tional and religious
life of that town —
the rival candidates
for Representative
to the Legislature,
b e i n g brother.s-in
law.

As an illustration
of local conditions,
this incident may
be mentioned. Sa-
rah (dasier. a come-
ly young woman of
B e n t o n, promised
Henry Sisco that
she would marry
him if he would
vote for George W.
Mann ft)r represent-
ative to the Legis-
lature. .

Llenry woul;d pref-
erably have voted
for Daniel Whitch-
er, l)ut the promise
and prospect of the
attractive Sarah was
too much for him
and he faithfully performed his part
of the contract, but when he came to
claim Sarah's hand, she told him that
she "could never think of marrying a
man base enough to .sell his vote."

On March 10th, 1857 the voters in
Landaff favoring the road came into
the ascendency and the next year the
cinnual Town Meeting was held in
Moses Howland's Hall, which was in
the old "Mansion House."

This house stood a short distance
north of School-house No. 2, in what
is now Easton and was l)uilt by Na-
than Kinsman, who came to Landaff
in 1783 and for wlioni Mt. Kinsman
was named.

This house was burned in the year
1858.

286

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The "Union Meeting-house" in Eas-
ton was built the same year, although
the pews were not installed and in
March, 1859, the Annual Town Meet-
ing was held in this building.

Here the Bunga Road advocates
were again victorious in the election
of officers, with Sargent Moody as
first Selectman.

The last town-meeting held in East
Landaff as such, was in March, 1860,
and was held in the building known as
the '"Peg Mill" on the crossroad
leading from the Main Highway,
near Easton Postoffice, to the present
residence of Charles A. Young.

Little did anyone realize that morn-
ing what a tornado was to race
through the room on the second floor
of this building, before the sun had
reached meridian.

Rumblings of it, however, were
heard as the voters arrived.

Sargent Moody called the meeting
to order, read the warrant and voting
proceeded for a Moderator, as was the
custom.

When the result was announced, it
was found that James C. Noyes had
been elected and the Bunga Road was
now assured, for that faction had con-
trol of the election.

Some of the West Landafif voters
raised the cry "Seize the check-list"
and a rush was made for it to destroy
it and so make the meeting illegal,
but as they came toward the rail
which enclosed the officers, Sargent
Moody drew from the desk a revolver
and pointing it at the leaders of the
movement, he thundered, "The first
man who dares come inside this rail
will have a funeral tomorrow."

William Shattuck seized an old-
fashioned chair and pulling it apart,
handed the several pieces to hi.s
friends to use for defence, if occa-
sion seemed to demand it.

The East side voters had secured
as counsel relative to the matter of
the check-list, the late Judge Harry
Bingham, a lawyer of Littleton,

while Rand and Cummings of Lisbon
represented the west side voters.

Charles O. Whitcher, now of Til-
ton, N. H., and George C. Judd of
Easton, then small boys, relate that
their fathers, seeing that afl^airs were
getting serious, told them to go down
stairs and wait until quiet was re-
stored.

Mr. Bingham, the lawyer, also
noting the same thing, thought the
fresh air would be beneficial and so
started for the exit clearing the whole
stairway at one bound, remarking as
he struck the ground, "I don't think
it is counsel they want , but more
room, and they can have all I am
occupying."

Otis Willey had allowed hi.s curly
hair to grow all winter without being
cut. Some one with whom he was
arguing grabbed him by it and started
dragging him about, but as soon as
he could free himself, he rushed to
a neighboring house and got the
woman living there to cut off his
curls regardless of style and then
he returned to the room again.

He had hardly entered when he
came in contact with John (Buck)
Chandler in an argument. To a state-
ment he made, Chandler retorted,

"That's a lie." The words were

hardly uttered when Willey swung
his right hand to Chandler's mouth,
which left "Old Buck" minus four
front teeth.

The more conservative of the voters
from the West side, seeing that they
were defeated, went home and those
in power voted to build the road.

Probably no one person expended
so much money and energy in this
controversy as did Daniel Whitcher,
whose portrait we present herewith.

He was the leader in the litigation
in favor of the road and when it was
built he supervised its construction.

After the road was built, those who
opposed it recognized its value, old
enmities ceased, and those who had
before been so bitter against each
other became reconciled.

Langwater Holliston: Tlic greatest sire of the
Guernsey Ijreed.

GUERNSEYS THAT PAY

Some Champions at the Rockingham Farm

By H. Styles Bridges

THE finest herd of Guernsey cattle
in New Hampshire, and one of
the outstanding herds of the coun-
try is found at Rockingham Farm in
Salem, New Hampshire. The farm is
located ahout one and one-half miles
from Salem Depot and is on the main
road to Manchester, on what was form-
erly known as the Boston-Concord
Turnpike. The farm is approximately
half way between Boston and Concord.
It is owned by D. G. Tenney and has
been in the Tenney family for three
generations.

The farm itself is a typical New Eng-
land farm, comprising about 360 acres
of which one hundred are under culti-
vation. The farm is managed by C. E.
Tisdale, a very able man, who former-
ly had charge of the dairy herd at the
Massa>chusetts Agricultural College.

The herd was founded by the pres-
ent owner's father, Mr. C. H. Tenney,
in 1913. The foundation herd was
comprised of five imported females pur-
chased from the late F. S. Peer. In
1915 Mr. Tenney purchased from the
Langwater Farms the bull Langwater
Holliston 28055, the present senior herd
sire of Rockingham Farm and probably

the greatest living IjuU of the Guernsey
l)reed. Langwater Holliston up to 1919
had very little opportunity to show his
worth as the former Mr. Tenney, dur-
ing his life, did no advanced registry
testing and many of the get of this bull
were disposed of at an early age, the
bulls to the butcher and many of the
heifers the same way.

To-day, Langwater Holliston has ten
Advanced Registry daughters and five
Advanced Registry sons, and is the sire
of two daughters that were world's
champions in their classes and the grand-
sire of three granddaughters that are
world's champions. Once in a llong
time you find a Inill that will sire good
females and occasionally one which will
make a reputation through his sons.
But it is only once in a generation that
you find these two attributes combined
in the one animal. Langwater Hollis-
ton is just as famous for his sons as for
his daughters. The above record shows
the value of this famous bull and goes
to prove him what he is, the premier
living sire of the Guernsey Breed.

With a sire like Langwater Holliston,
heading the herd, one could expect to
find some wonderful animals at this

288

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

... '•'"

*.J,

-l^'X

Brilliant Lassie: World's Champion in Class EE. She

can open and shut the gate of her stall and turn on

the electric light when she needs it.

in a box stall and can
open and close the gate,
turn on the electric light
when she is feeding, or
needs it, and turns it off
when she is through.

She has many other
achievements along ' this
line and I\Ir. Tisdale,
Manager, states her
equal has yet to be had,
either in production in
her class or in intelli-
gence.

The cows holding
New Hampshire records
are Branford May Bes-
sie, Class G. G., with
504.91 pounds butter
farm, and in this one is not disappointed, fat ; \'iolet of the Barras Class F, with
Rockingham Farm has produced two 646.38 pounds butter fat; Hillswold
world champions of the E. E. class and Floss, Class F. F., with 509.26 pounds
at present holds six state championships butter fat; Brilliant Lassie, World's
in New Hampshire. The first world's Champion in E. E. class, of course holds
championship was won by Early Dawn the New Hampshire record for this
83549, a daughter of Langwater Hoi- class as well as in Class E.
liston. Her record was 10882.6 pounds The Junior herd sire is Langwater

milk and 686.7 pounds butter fat in Model, a bull of excellent dairy type by
class E. E. Early Dawn has since been Langwater Advocate, and out of Lang-
sold to J. C. Penney of Emmadine water Pauline. This bull has a very
Farm, Hopewell Junction, New York,
for $5,000.

The second world's champion pro-
duced at the farm was
Brilliant Lassie 86425,
a granddaughter of
Langwater Holliston,
and a daughter of Lord
Methuen 39442. Her
record was 749.21
pounds butter fat in E.
E. class. She made a
wonderful record and
dropped a calf in less
than a week after she
had finished. Not only

is Brilliant Lassie a ^ . •

world's champion, as a „..,^ .,..„-„ .-. , . . „ .*"

producer, but she can

lay claim to it in in- Early Dawn: First world champion produced at Rock-

, ,,• ci • 1 4. ingham. Now in possession of J. C. Pennev,

telhgence. She is kept « Hopewell Junction, New York.

enviable record for a bull that has had
no chance, for he has just recently been
purchased by Mr, Tenney. He has two

^*}t%'^:l

GUERNSEYS THAT PAY

289

A. R. daughters, one
of which is Langwater
Sheen who has a record
of 757 pounds of hutter
fat and sold for $5,000
also Langwater Leading
Lady. 570 pounds hutter
fat. who sold for $2,500.

The hulls at the farm
are given plenty of ex-
ercise, and are worked
yoked up, unloading
hay. hauling rocks and
in various other farm
work.

This prohahly ac-
counts for the fact that
hoth of the herd sires
at this farm are such sure hreeders at
an advanced age.

'.;*■

Imp

The whole Rockingham herd would
appeal to any lover of good stock, and
particularly to a Guernsey enthusiast.
In looking over the herd, one very
noticeable thing stands out : whenever a
descendant of Langwater Holliston is
viewed, the animal is almost sure to
have very striking dairy conformation
and to show great capacity.

Starlight of tlie Fontaines: An imported cow with
a record of 583.22 lbs. butter fat. Class F.

daughters as well for the purpose of
huilding up herds of similar blood line
and the Guernsey breed in general.

Langwater Holliston sons head some
of the most famous Guernsey herds in
the country. Lord Methuen — 39442, is
herd sire at the Sorosis Farm, Marble-
head, Massachusetts ; Langwater Senior
— 39431 is herd sire at Abbeyleix Farm,
Penllyn, Pennsylvania ; Langwater Ulti-
mas — 38637 is herd sire at Westview

Guernsey breeders from all parts of Farm, Pauling, New York; Langwater
the country eagerly seek his sons and Eldorado — 39136 is herd sire at A. W.
daughters and grandsons and grand- Lawrence Farm, Sturgeon Bay, Wiscon-
sin ; and Langwater
Traveler — 38325 is herd
sire at Chicona Farm,
Chinook, Washington ;
Langwater Holliston of
Rockingham — 67366 is
junior herd sire at the
Upland Farm, Ipswich,
Massachusetts ; Rocking-
ham Holliston— 84230 is
junior herd sire at
Coventry Farm, R. L.
Benson, owner, Prince-
ton, New Jersey.

The farm itself is as
a whole very productive,
having medium loam

. .^^^^ ,, , r soil that is well drained,

A. R. record 420.97 lbs. butter fat. , r

Class F. F. ^"^ ^'ery line crops

Godolphin Phyli

s :

290

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

business headquarters in
New York, spends con-
siderable time at the
farm, and at his sum-
mer home in Methuen,
Massachusetts, which is
only a few miles from
there. Mr. Tenney

takes a great interest in
the breeding of pure-
bred Guernseys. He
has just imported sev-
eral fine animals, and
the animals imported
and with his already
fine herd go to make
up one of the country's
leading dairy herds, it
is needless to say that
are produced. All the roughage con- Rockingham Farm Guernseys will con-
sumed is raised on the home farm, tinue to rank exceptionally high in the
Clover hay, mangels, and corn silage dairy world.

constitute the main roughages. Plans This farm with its fine herd of

are being made, however, for the grow- Guernseys is one that New Hampshire
ing of alfalfa in the near future. The is proud to have within her borders,
buildings are, as a whole, simply ordi- It is not a show place, as many would
nary farm buildings, the main barn suppose, but a real New England farm
having good light and ventilation. where the best producing cattle of the

The herd is expanding to such an ex- breed are raised under ordinary farm
tent that plans are being made to erect conditions, cattle that are bringing re-
a new dairy barn. nown to the State, and making Rocking-

Mr. D. G. Tenney, the owner of ham Farm a paying proposition for its
Rockingham Farm, although having owner.

Imp. Belle of Rockingham has an A. R. record of 622.23
lbs. butter fat. Class A. A.

SHIPS

By Harold Vinal
These ships that wear the moonlight at their prows
Will seek a lonely harbor at the last,
As lovers seek a woman's lips and brows,
They shall see quiet there for many a mast.
A hill of plum and beautiful, frail trees,
Shall bring them healing only at the end.
For only hills can comfort such as these.
And thev shall seek them as one seeks a friend.

For hills remember when they took to sea.
How they were proud as only women are,
For hills remember more than wind and tree.
Something of ships is on them like a star.
Hushed at the last they ease their aching hulls
[n a dim harbor where the water lulls.

HOW THE HOUSE WAS ADJOURNED

When the Circus Came to Town

By James O. Lyford

THE session of the legislature of bly. For a time it looked as if the in-
1881 was held in June. In those troducer of the resolution would be re-
days "Barnum's Great Moral buked for his temerity. Then one of
Show" came to Concord the first of the the leaders secured recognition and in a
summer months. One day early in this very courtly way poured oil upon the
session several newspaper men were in troubled waters and concluded his
front of the Eagle Hotel when Mr. speech by moving that the resolution
Thomas, the advance agent of Barnum's be laid upon the table, which motion the
circus, came along. Thomas was popu- House promptly voted. The purpose
lar with the newspaper fraternity and of offering the resolution had been ac-
received a cordial welcome. After the complished and all the metropolitan
usual felicitations and introductions, one newspapers carried the story on their
of the number said jocosely: front page the next morning.

"Mr. Thomas, what would it be The day of the circus arrived. All
worth to you if a resolution were in- the newspaper men doing legislative
troduced in the House adjourning the work, and quite a number of the mem-
legislature to attend 'Barnum's Great bers were in the secret. Every effort
Moral Show.' " The resolution will not was made to finish the day's work be-
pass, but the fact itself can be tele- fore one o'clock. Through a motion
graphed to all the metropolitan news- made and carried, the afternoon busi-
papers." ness was advanced to the morning ses-
"Boys," Thomas replied, "you may sion. When the third readings of bills
have all the tickets you want for your- had been disposed of, it looked as if ad-
selves and friends." journment was at hand, but one mem-
A member was readily secured who ber not in the secret proposed to call
was wilhng to introduce the resolution, up some unfinished business of the day
and the Speaker to oblige the newspaper before. This was likely to produce de-
men agreed to present it to the House, bate and prolong the session. The
In those days during the first hour of clock was rapidly moving towards one
the morning session when only routine after the meridian and the circus began
business was transacted, the members at two o'clock. At this point before any
generally were perusing the newspapers actual motion was made to take up the
taken for their benefit by a vote of the unfinished business of the day before,
House. At the appropriate time the a member from the north country se-
Barnum resolution was sent to the cured recognition and announced the
Speaker's desk. death of a fellow member from a neigh-
As the Clerk proceeded with the vari- boring town, and moved that the House
ous whereases, members one by one be- adjourn out of respect to his memory,
gan to drop their newspapers so that The House at once responded in sym-
when the Clerk reached the end of the pathy. The Speaker put the question
preamble and read t*he resolution the and the House adjourned. The an-
whole House was alert and attentive, nouncement was greeted with a loud
For a second or two there was a pro- guffaw at the reporters' desk,
found silence. Then the House arous- The legislature at that time was elect-
ed itself to its sense of dignity. Sev- ed in November but did not meet until
eral members in succession secured the June following. The member whose
recognition and vehemently denounced death was commemorated died in De-
the resolution as an insult to the assem- cember following his election.

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Conducted by Vivian Savacool
Granite and Alabaster

By Raymond Holden
The Macmillan Co.

SINCE the words granite and New in the poem "Lost Water." he ends with
Hampshire are synonymous, the the Hne,
title of this hook of poems. Granite -a, doubtful noon, a doubtful ^vorld and

and Alabaster, will intrigue many New I"

Hampshire readers especially as the ^^^ Holden's ability in detailed descrip-
second word also cannot help but sug- ,.Jq,^^ ^f nature is' unusual. At times
gest the white expanses we have all ^i^^ distinctness with which the individ-
had confronting us in the long winter ^^^^ ^i-^j^^^^ jg presented almost obscures
just passed. When we open the book, ^j^^ ^.j^^ig picture l)ut in the end the
we find words no less descriptive of ,-,-,11-,^^ detail aids in giving the desired
New England characteristics and activi- ^^-^^^^ ^^^1-,^,., ^g ^^^^.^ ^i^^^^ si-^o^ rain
ties: "Sugaring." "The Plow," "Fire- ^^ "fingering the sinking snow." he is

as vivid as Frost who uses "silver liz-
ards" to describe the tiny rivulets upon
the hillside in the spring thaw. There
is as keen a response to efifects of light
in his line. "Through spruces lightened
by a flash of birch." as E. A. Robinson
gives us in "Isaac and Archibald" when
he describes "the wayside flash of
leaves." Other rare glints are the
"dark dusks" of berries, the line in
"Fishing." "Where wise trout flash their
darkness," "black-breasted night" and
many others, some of the most beauti-
ful of which ma}- be found in "Rock
Fowler." It makes no difference of
what season he writes or whether it be
winter or in summer that you read his
poems, so true is his response to the
outdoors that you sympathize with all*
his expressions of its changes as fully
as when he says of spring,

wood," "Fishing," and "The Woodman"
are suggestive of rural life, but here
transformed and glorified by a writer
responsive and thrilling to the beauty
he sees and feels everywhere.

There are seventy poems in this col-
lection, two of which "Rock Fowler"
and "The Durhams" are dramatic nar-
ratives with delicate nature allusions
and such striking dei)ictions of men as
the following :

"Rock Fowler is as free as wild things

are
Of all but the fear of reaching for a star,
But there come moments to men so made

free
When man ieems an impossible thing to

be."
and

"Old Durham, with some ice in heart and

beard
Stood in the doorway brushing of¥ his

boots."

The other poems are expressions of
the author's reaction to life, and are
therefore introspective, but are so sim-
ply written as to lie entirely charming.

He is always searching for a solution find that which always eludes him. He

to the mystery of life and turns to na- is constantly comparing the ways of

ture as a possible source for revelation, men with those of nature only to be

He is absorbed by her every phase, feel- baffled by the inexplicable differences

ing her passion, her yearning, and her he tells of in "Paradox."
calm. He even transfers to nature his All the poems seem to throw a white

doubt, his uncertainty about "the beauty light on the soul and mind of their

of that power I almost know" as when, creator, not a cold light, however, when

"The murmurings of Spring are such
One almost understands."

Here again we see his wistfulness to

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

293

warmed by his concrete simj)licity of
exi)ression, '■'i^ intense interest in people
and when colored with "ineffable hues"
l)y his imagination. There is not the
hardness of granite in his [joetry but
rather the patience of his granite moun-
tain which "rises, grave, and great, and
high" "in devout dissent from too much
human triumph, too much stir of the ab-
surd infinitesimal."

It is wisest to say no more. The fol-
lowing, exquisite poem will speak more

eloquently then I can of the delights m
store and will be the only invitation
needed for all to read "Granite and Ala-
baster."

The Season's End

This is the end of Summer,

This is the end of all,

The sap is running back into earth

And the red leaves shudder and fall.

If I could shake myself down
From the stem that has ceased to flow
Would there be a cool dark earth to close
Round the things I have come to know?

THE EDITOR STOPS TO TALK

About Transitory Things

JUNE. Tlie Commencement nKjnth,
.Across the rose garden floats the
faint thunder of oratory and the air
is electric with a stircharge of idealism
and the reform spirit. As the almanac
might pttt it : high presstire areas exist-
ing in the vicinity of our institutions of
learning will disintegrate as the month
goes on and dissipate without producing
great atmospheric disturbances; mean-
while look for local showers. The
rumble of far thtmder affects us strange-
ly, and that is why we have written at
the head of this [)age a title which might
well form the theme of a bac-
calaureate sermon or a valedictory ora-
tion.

Btit we don't mean much by it: it is
inspired chiefly by the thotight that
things are not always what they seem. —
just when the Legislature appeared to
be settled down to a life job. it sudden-
ly flitted.

The Republict.n Senate, that brave lit-
tle Thermopybe band, have wrapped
their togas around them and clasping to
their bosoms those inkwells and ash-
trays which they fought with such
fervor to retain, and which, they say, are
inscribed with the motto of the session,
"On ne passe pas." have gone home for
a peaceful rest.

The Democratic House likewise has
retired, after an exhibition of heroic de-
votion to duty which has no parallel in
history but the devotion of the boy who
stood on the burning deck. Eike him,
the House smilingly watched its plat-
form burned ])lank by plank under its
feet and sill stood firm upon it.

And the state, saved by a Republican
Senate from a Democratic House and
from a Republican Senate l>y a Demo-
cratic House, has weathered another
session.

"All, all are gone, the old familiar
faces." And while we do not quite
agree with the editor of an up-state
weekly who remarks that, with the de-
parture of the Legislators, the Capital
City is in fitting mood and condition
to receive the convention of undertakers
so soon to take pL.ce here, still some-
thing has gone out of life. Even the
jewellers and the Spanish War Vet-
erans and the Shriners combined
haven't been ab'e to reconcile us to the
change.

We should have known, of course,
that all Legislatures end some time, but
one learns of the transitoriness of things
only by experience.

A man high in the seats of the mighty

294

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

told us the other day, with just the the next time we enter without a Hght.

faintest suggestion of a swagger, that We certainly hope that the distinguished

he "knew New Hampshire as a man gentleman is not going to stub his toe

knows his own room in the dark." It one of these d.iys, and discover that,

has always been our experience that just even in New Hampshire, the world do

when we get that confidence about a move,
room it gets rearranged and a large ob-
stacle creeps just athwart our pathway — H. F. M.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

Miss Jessie Doe is an active member
of the Appalachian Mountain Club
which has done so much toward further-
ing interest and enthusiasm in moun-
tain-climbing in our New Hampshire
hills. She is also a familiar figure in
New Hampshire public atifairs. and in
the session of 1921 served in the Legis-
lature as representative from Rollins-
ford.

Miss Daisy Williamson, as head of
the Home Demonstration Service at
New Hampshire University, is doing in-
teresting and valuable work for New
Hampshire. Some phases of this work
she describes in this magazine.

Another New Hampshire University
person who writes for us this month
is Professor K. W. Woodward of the
Forestry Department.

Harold Vinal is the editor of the
little poetry magazine called "Voices"
and a poet of growing reputation. He
was the winner of the Brookes Moore
poetry prize in 1921.

G. G. Williams is at present in the

real estate business in Concord, but in
one capacity or another he has made
himself well acquainted throughout the
state. The story of the Bunga Road
controversy is only one of many good
yarns that he tells of the old days of
New Hampshire politics.

The adjournment of the Legislature
of 1923 brought into James O. Ly-
ford's mind the story of another ad-
journment in which, from the press
table instead of the legislative seats,
he played an important part.

The 1923 Legislature seems to have
succeeded in pleasing both parties.
Robert Jackson. Chairman of the
Democratic State Committe, tells in this
magazine why the Democrats are pleas-
ed ; and Olin Chase. Secretary of the
Republican League, gives the reasons
for Republican rejoicing.

The articles on dairy herds by H.
Styles Bridges, Secretary of the N. H.
Farm Bureau, are i)r()ving of exception-
al interest not only to farmers, but to
the general reader as well.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

A Page of

Senator Moses Conies Home

Senator Moses has returned from Eu-
rope and assails the world court plan
which President Harding favors.

It will be noticed the senator is back
in ample season to participate in the
spring planting.

— Laconia News & Critic

Clippings

next winter than about the senatorial
elections of November. 1924.

— Whiiing in the Boston Herald

Moses is home ; two months look-
ing Europe over; finds her full of
hate; doesn't know which they hate
worse ; each other or us. No use for
the court, or Harding if he presses it.
The Hague is a sufficient tribunal.
And Moses is right once more.

— Granite State Free Press

Mr. Moses seems to be further
away from his country men than he
was in the transmarine hotbed of hate,
but what of it? It is a joy to all collec-
tors of rare birds to know that this
specimen is more curious than ever, in-
comparably impervious to mere facts,
and with his gall ducts unintermittently
active.

— New York Times

The Late Departed Legislature

Hurrah for Jackson ! He says he
is satisfied ; his party fulfilled its
pledges. Not a party measure was
enacted. How much did any party
to those bargains — Labor, the Wo-
men, or the Democratic leaders —
gain. Nasty politics on the part of
all concerned. Republicans, on the
other hand, stood by their convic-
tions, votes or no votes — as repeat-
edly as heretofore. It is not best for
New Hampshire to enact a 48-hour
law now ; l)etter make that country-
wide, by congress. We are going to.
It was not best to repeal the woman
poll tax law. unjust as it is ; the law
needed rational modification ; not repeal.
— Granite State Free Press

George Moses of New Hampshire ap-
pears to be somewhat pessimistic about
the senatorial outlook from a Republi-
can viewpoint in 1924. He might recall
the optimism of the unfortunate man
who fell from the roof of a 10-story
building. As he dropped past the sixth
floor a frantic man leaning out of the
window, horrified at the sight, heard the
falling man say: "Well, I'm all right so
far!" Cheer up, Mr. Moses. The elec-
tions of 1924 are a good distance in the
future. Meantime, the Senate is to
meet, next December. The Republicans
can give an exhibition next winter that
may help the party ; may. Republicans
need to worry more about the Senate of

Governor Fred H. Brown has been
true to all the pledges he made in his
election campaign so far as his own
action and purpose are concerned. The
House stood with him on his measures,
but the Senate, of opposite political
faith, did not always agree. Indeed, it
had a pretty consistent policy of
disagreeing with the House. But the
gasoline tax and the tax on the income
of intangibles were adopted and the
State tax has been reduced, by cutting
appropriations, from $1,500,000 a year
to $1,150,000 a year, a very substantial
reduction of 2Z per cent.

— Somerszvorth Free Press

We congratulate the departed legis-
lature, with all its faults, on having
achieved the distinction of killing a
larger proportion of the bills intro-
duced than any other legislature in

296

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

this state in the past thirty years.
It is a record to be proud of.

— Rochester Courier

The attitude toward Bass was one of
the interesting manifestations to follow.
While he was one of the most forceful
debaters in the House, he usually work-
ed on his own ;hook without prear-
rangement with the Republican leaders
many of whom showed open hostility
to him. Bass made some of the best
speeches of the session and he invariably
had the close attention of the members.
It was generally conceded that the Sen-
ate let the woman's poll tax bill go by
the board because the only substitute
that could be offered was Bass' amend-
ment to have a straight two dollar tax
for men and women, in place of keep-
ing the three dollar tax for men and
letting the women ofif without any tax.

— Concord Monitor

Some one remarked "that the least
said about the present legislature ses-
sion the l)etter." We don't feel that way
about it. It did a mighty good job,
especially when it adjourned. That
probably was the best thing it did dur-
ing the whole session. But there were
other commendable things it did. It
refused to pass many bills, which orig-
inated in the house, carrying large ap-
propriations of state money, which the
state could not finance under its pres-
ent restricted income.

Four men stood out strong as lead-
ers during the entire session. These
were Stevens, Bass. Lyford and Martin.
Without these experienced politicians,
parliamentarians and debators, the
members of the House would have been
lost much of the time.

—Mil ford Cabinet

The Keeiie Normal Veto

Governor Brown pocket vetoed the
bill for a building for the state Normal
school at Keene. This may have been
necessary in view of the fact that the

state is hard pressed for revenue be-
cause of the disposition of the legisla-
ture which reduced the state tax. How-
ever, it seems to be natural to scrimp
on appropriations for education, and it
may be necessary to fight for the cause
a little more diligently.

Laconic! News & Critic

Governor Brown, wisely as we think
— pockets the Keene Normal School ap-
propriation. This is no time for such
enterprises.

— Granite State Free Press

Give One Party the Power

We can stand an occasional negative
legislature, but let us pray to be saved
from a succession of negative legisla-
tures.

In last fall's campaign, the Demo-
crats presented a definite program of
state policy, which they have faithfully
attempted to carry out. A Republican
Senate has blocked this program. Sub-
stantially the same Democratic program
will doubtless be presented in the next
campaign. People who find it satis-
factory would do well to vote for all
the Democratic candidates who have to
do with legislation. People who disbe-
lieve in its provisions would do well to
vote for the Repul^lican candidates.
The point is to give one party or the
other control of the legislative machin-
ery.

— Argus and Spectator

"Tilton School," and "University of
N. H." are titles more easily spoken
and written than were the old names,
but there are many who will feel as
though they had lost a dear friend.

— Franklin Journal Transcript

Well, the Concord hotel men and
boarding house keepers are sorry to
have the legislature depart, anyway.

— Rochester Courier

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

JOHN J. DONAHUE
Insurance Commissioner John J. Donahue
of Manchester dropped dead May 8, while
testifying in court in a case in which his de-
partment was interested. Mr. Donahue has
been prominently identified with Republican
afifairs in this state for many years. He was
appointed insurance commissioner in 1919 by
Governor John H. Bartlett, and he carried
on the duties of his office competently and
thoroughly up to the time of his death. Mr.
Donahue was a native of Keene and he was
si.xty-four years old when he died.

.\LI5KRT SHI'. 1)1)
Ex-Mayor Shedd of Nashua died in that
city on May 3. A native of Billerica, Mass.,
Mr. Shedd came to Nashua in 1863, where
he began work for E. P. Brown and Co.
When the F. D. Cook Lumber Co. was
formed he transferred his connection to that
company, of which he held the office of Pres-
ident from 1879 until the time of his death.
As early as 1866 Mr. Shedd was ])rominent in
city affairs. As superintendent of streets,
Member of the City Council, Member of the
Board of Aldermen, Member of the Board of
Assessors, Member of the Legislature in 1879
and 1901, and as Mayor of the city, he served
his city faithfully and well. His name is
also iclcntified with the city's humanitarian
organizations, such as the Memorial Hospi-
tal, and with several Masonic bodies. He is
survived by a widow and one son, Willis Al-
bert Shedd of Nashua.

WILLIAM BURLINGAME
On May 3, William Burlingame, aged 85,
one of Exeter's most prominent citizens, who
had lived in the city for 56 years, died. He
was agent of the Exeter Machine works
from 1867 until 1909, when he retired. He
bad served as trustee of Robinson Female
Seminary, on the Police Commission, and was
at one time director of the Exeter Gas Works.
In 1878, he was a member of the New Hamp-
shire Legislature.

NATHAN A. WIMPHEIMER
Somersworth's oldest dry goods merchant,
Nathan A. Wimpheimer, died on April 26.
He had for years been prominent in civic
projects in his town.

OLIVER A. FLEMING
Oliver A. Fleming, one of Exeter's oldest
bnsmess men, died on Aoril 27 at the age of
80 years. For nearly 40 years he had been
eno'a'Ted in the undertaking; business. He was
nrominent in Masonary, being a member of
the Blue Lodge, chapter, council and com-
mandery, and also a member of Sagamore
T odee, I. O. O. F.. Friendshio Council R. A.
E., and Wehanonowit Tribe I. O. R. M. He
is survived bv a widow.

WILLIAM H. JACKSON

William J. Jackson, aged 84, died at his
home in Chichester, April 25. He was a vet-
eran of the Civil War and a member of E.
E. Sturtevant Post G. A. R. of Concord. He
leaves a widow, three daughters and two
sons.

WALTER F. PERKINS

Walter Francis Perkins, president of the
Derry Shoe Company of Derry, N. H., died
May 16, after an illness of three weeks. He
was sixty-four years of age. He is survived
bv his widow and two sons.

JOHN WILLIAM JOHNSON

On April 27th John William Johnson died,
after a long and distressing illness, at the age
of twenty-seven. He was the first man to
enlist in the World War from his home
town — Bath. He offered himself April 6th,
1917; and was sworn in the following week.
He was in active service in the navy during
the whole period of the war and many times
crossed the submarine infested Atlantic. His
career is described in the Granite Monthly
for December, 1920. Mr. Johnson was an
adopted son of Kate J. Kimball, by whom
he is survived and by a twin brother. Jack
William Johnson.

GEORGE H. MOREY

George Henry Morey, a locomotive engi-
neer, long in the service of the Concord and
Boston & Maine Railroads, died at his home
on Broadway, in Concord, May 4, 1923.

He was a native of the town of Wilmot,
son of Jeremiah and Betsey (Cheney)
Morey, born August 20, 1849. He came to
Concord in 1872 and engaged in the employ
of the Concord Railroad, first in shop work,
but soon entered the train service as fireman.
He was promoted to engineer in 1883, and so
continued till November last, when he quit
work on account of ill health, gradually fail-
ing until death. He bad long been regarded
?.s one of the most faithful and efficient en-
gineers in the service.

He was an active member of Division No.
335. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers,
had holden most of its important offices, in-
c'uding that of Chief Engineer, and was a
representative in the Grand Lodge at Otta\va.
in 1894. He was also a member of White
Mountain Lodge, I. O. O. F., and Penacook
Encampment. Politically he was a life-long
Democrat, and in religion a UniversaHst.
Although devotedly attached to home life,
he was ever a good neighbor, a faithful
friend, and a loyal citizen.

He married October 17, 1874, Miss Myra
Cheney of Warner, who survives him, with
one daughter. Helen, wife of Harvey W.
Phaneuf'of Concord. — H. H. M.

Vol. SS. No. 7

THE

July, 1923

GRANITE

MONTHLY

THE CONNECTICUT RIVER AT HANOVER

In This Issue-AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

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THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
By THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
JULY 1923

Til!- Month ix Xew Hampshire //. C. P 301

As THE Road Unrolls H. F. M 303

Future Policies of the Republican Party

I. A Revival of Party Loyalty Wanted George 11. Mosrs. 313

IL A Party Program Frank Knox 314

III. A FoRWARD-LooKiNG Party Frank MusijroTC 315

Polar Caves 318

The Day Old Chick Industry in New Hampshire 4. IV. Ri.hardson 320

The Road to Lariat Grant Car [center Manson 322

Three Women Who Leap New Hampsh re Club Work 326

An Anthology of One Poem Poets 330

Gould Hill Farm G. F. Potter ?t^l

A Gold Mine in Jerseys H. Styles Bridges 337

Books of New Hampshire Interest 342

The Editor Stops to Talk 3-.3

Current Opinion in New Hampsh:rf. 345

Our Editorial Board 347

New Hampshire Necrology 348

NEXT MONTH
The Magazine Will Contain

Articles and Pictures especially appropriate for the Tercentenary Year in

New Hampshire

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, fill out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY,
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.

Manchester.

New Hampshire

NO. n MILL

This is one of the 72 main buildings which contain 168 acres of floor
space, making the Amoskeag the largest textile manufacturing plant in the
world.

The manufactured product, which has been of a uniform high standard
for more than half a century, includes fancy and staple ginghams, cotton
flannels, tickings, denims, sheetings, towelling and worsted dress fabrics.

Boston & Maine

The Upper Falls of the Ammonoosuc
Bretton Woods, N. H.

THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

Vol. 55

No. 7

JULY 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Canaan Fire

'X'HE chief news event of the month
-^ of June, 1923. in New Hampshire,
was the conflagration which, on Satur-
day, the 2nd, devastated the village of
Canaan. Children playing with matches
in a hay harn kindled the blaze and a
high wind took it with almost incredible
speed through the business section of
the village, literally burning it flat.
Help was summoned and came with all
speed from points as distant as Concord,
but to little avail because of the lack of
an effective water supply and other ad-
verse conditions. The scene of black-
ened desolation created by the fire has
been a point of attraction for thousands
of motorists throughout the month.

Inspiring was the spirit of resolute
courage with which the people of
Canaan faced the disaster and heart-
warming was the manner in which sym-
pathy and substantial aid poured in on
them from all directions. The New
England Red Cross at once made an
appropriation for the relief of suffering
and sent its agents to assist in the admin-
istration of that and other funds which
came by the thousands of dollars from
the cities and towns of New Hampshire.

Arrangements were made for the im-
mediate payment of insurance losses;
banks made liberal provisions for aid in
rebuilding the burned section and in re-
suming business there ; the town authori-
ties took action to lay out the new vil-
lage on better lines than the old.

All in all the manner in which the
Canaan disaster was met and is being
overcome increases one's faith in the
survival among us of the old New Eng-
land virtues.

The Burroughs Memorial Fund

A NOTHER good deed of the month
-^ was the raising of $50,000 as a
permanent fund for the work of the
New Hampshire Children's Aid and
Protective Society. By securing this
amount from its friends the Society re-
ceives an additional $50,000 from Hon.
Charles H. Greenleaf of Franconia and
thus assures the continuance and per-
petuation of its indispensable social,
moral and physical service to the un-
fortunates among the children of the
state.

An Important Meeting

ANOTHER agency which is accom-
plishing much good was called to
the public attention during the month
by a meeting in the state Hall of Repre-
sentatives of the New England Con-
gress on diseases of cattle. Commis-
sioner xAndrew L. Felker of the depart-
ment of agriculture and Dr. Robinson
W. Smith, state veterinarian, arranged
a splendid program, with the co-opera-
tion of the other New England states
and of the federal government, and all
phases of the work of the congress were
ably and fully presented- It was good

302

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

to hear that the work of eradicating
bovine tuberculosis is making excellent
progress and the public health thereby
guarded and benefitted to an extent not
generally realized.

Commencement and Flag Day

AS usual in the sixth month of the
year brides and bachelors (of Arts.
Letters and Science) held the public eye
in New Hampshire, as elsewhere. The
first degrees given by the University of
New Hampshire at Durham were re-
ceived by a larger class than ever gradu-
ated from its predecessor, the New Hamp-
shire College of Agriculture and the Me-
chanic Arts. Dartmouth College at Han-
over at the close of its 154th academic
year also graduated the largest class in
its history. Dartmouth's list of recipients
of honorary degrees this year included
Governor Fred H. Brown, Master of
Arts ; Rev. Chauncy C. Adams of Bur-
lington, Vt., and President Myron W.
Adams of Atlanta University, Doctor
of Divinity; John Drew, distinguished
actor. Prof. Fred L. Pattee and Prof.
Nathaniel W. Stephenson, Doctor of
Letters; Louis Bell (posthumously) and
William Hood, Doctor of Science ; Gov-
ernor Channing H. Cox of Massachu-
setts, John W. Davis, former ambas-
sador to Great Britain, and Secretary of
State Charles E. Hughes, Doctor of
Laws.

At the alumni luncheon on Com-
mencement Day Secretary Hughes was
at his best in an address upon the sub-
ject of the World Court and the partici-
pation therein of this nation.

Some notable addresses were given at
various places in the state on Flag Day,
June 14. the local lodges of Elks being
in most cases entitled to the credit for
arranging the observance. In the
proclamation of Governor Brown call-
ing for the celebration of the day he
said :

"Love of country is a virtue, lacking
which nations perish and civilizations
decay. The flag of our country is the
symbol of its authority and its achieve-

ments, its protective might and its
helpful aspirations. As the Star Span-
gled Banner passes by we should stand
at attention, respectful to its digftiity)
and power. We should thrill with emo-
tion at its beauty and meaning as it
flies in the breeze. To foster in our
state these feelings and manifestations
of patriotism I hereby proclaim Thurs-
day, the 14th of June, as Flag Day in
New Hampshire. Let the National Ban-
ner be widely displayed among us on
that day ; and let us all, as we give it
due reverence, renew therewith our ac-
tive allegiance to our beloved country
and to its great and good ideals."

Appointments to State Offices

"PiURING the month the governor and
-■-' council accepted with regret the
resignation of Rev. Harold H. Niles,
because of his removal from the state,
as a member of the board of trustees of
the state prison. Mr. Niles. who has
built up the Universalist church in Con-
cord wonderfully during a five year pas-
torate, goes to Denver. Colorado, to take
charge of the work of his denomination
there. Twice chaplain of the legisla-
ture, in 1919 and 1921, Mr. Niles has
an unusually wide acquaintance through-
out the state and his departure is uni-
versally regretted.

In his place on the state prison board
Levin J. Chase of Concord, well known
publicist, has been appointed. Rev. Fr.
John J. Brophy of Penacook has been
continued by the same appointing power
for another term on the state board of
charities and corrections.

Figures made public by Secretary of
State Enos K. Sawyer during the month
showed that legislative agents engaged
to promote and oppose various measures
in the 1923 session of the New Hamp-
shire Cjeneral Court received a total
compensation of $32,522. the largest
amount since the law was enacted re-
quiring the filing of such agents and
their fees. The contest over the pro-
posed 48-hour law caused the heaviest
expenditure, — H. C. P.

IJostiin »V: Maine

Mt. Washington from the Intervale: It is this part of the White Mountains

which Whittier especially loved.

AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

Some Impressions of an Early Summer Motor Trip

r(!

HE summer boarder is our best
and biggest crop in these parts."
The remark is quoted from a
magazine published before the begin-
ning of the century and the shrewd old
countryman who spoke did not live long
enough to see much more than the be-
ginnings of the influx of summer tour-
ists which has been brought about by the
coming of the automobile and the devel-
opment of New Hampshire's roads. H
the summer boarder was a big crop in
those days, how are we to describe it
now, when the records of each year are
consistently smashed by each new har-
vesting ?

We started on our trip through the
moimtains early this year, the first week
of June. Spring comes slowly iii New

Hampshire, and along the road farmers
were busy with their planting. From
all indications the summer tourist crop
was also in the plowing and planting
stage. The great hotels, especially those
which are really up in the hills, were
shuttered and barred. Some showed signs
of preparation — lawns being trimmed,
painters and carpenters at work,—
but most of them proclaimed with elo-
quent silence that the time of the harvest
was not yet. We stopped one night at
the Hotel Monadnock in Colebrook, a
well equipped, newly remodeled hotel
which normally accommodates many trav-
elers, and we were the only guests. The
experience was a pleasant one, especial-
ly because of the real hospitality shown
by "mine host," but it showed us one

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Hundreds of Miles of Almost Perfect Roads Make Touring in New Hampshire

An Unalloyed Joy.

reason why we had passed so many For many years a summer resort,

closed hotels. The tourist invasion does New Hampshire's winter possibilities
not begin until July. are a recent discovery ; and it is pos-

AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

305

The Moosilauke Vallej' seen from Hawk Cliff at Rumney, showing

Lake Stinson.

sible that at some not too distant date
some one will proclaim with persuasive
eloquence the beauties of the mountains
in the early months of the summer so
that the state will become also a "spring
resort." For assuredly there is no more
beautiful time of year to see the New
Hampshire hills.

You who go motoring in midsummer
will miss many of the things which made
our trip particularly lovely : — the frag-
rance of apple-blossom and the snowy
whiteness of wild cherry, the pastel
colorings of the new green trees, the
patches of snow on the northern slopes
of the presidential range and along the
southern roadside in the Dixville Notch.
You will miss also the interesting ex-
perience of being at Hanover when the
college is in session. H you go that
way now, you'll find much to interest
you ; records of Dartmouth's tradition
in the old landmarks : the Howe Library
which used to be the home of Eleazar
\\'heelock, the old cemetery where the
founders of the college lie buried, the
house where Daniel Webster lived when
Jie was in college ; indications also of the

growing future of the college in the un-
finished buildings which are rising here
and there about the campus. But the
village in midsummer is a deserted vil-
lage, far different from the scene we
watched from the high window of the
Hanover Inn on the first evening of our
journey.

Across the road a knot of bovs clad
in golf jackets and knickers leaned
against the senior fence, occupied in the
engrossing task of carving each other's
senior canes. Other groups, in which
the freshmen were always distinguish-
able by their absurd green caps, gather-
ed and dispersed. As dusk came the
groups took greater definiteness and
presently from the four sides of the
campus in turn came the vigorous sound
of college songs and the Indian war-
whoop which strikes terror to the hearts
of Dartmouth's enemies. The singing
groups drew nearer together, forming
a hollow square at the center of the
campus, and the Alma Mater brought
the last "hum" of the season to its close.

It brought to a close also the first day
of our journey, a day in which we had

306

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Boston »V- .Maine

"We swung inland along the Aloosilauke Trail" —
Mt. Moosilauke from Warren, N. H.

pines and evergreens, along
l)rown little brooks, and finally
out to the broader country of
the Connecticut valley vi^ith the
river winding slowly at our feet
and the Green Mountains of
Vermont just across the way.
The highway passes within a
few miles of Sunapee and al-
most touches the Shaker Vil-
lage of Enfield, by Lake Mas-
coma. Both places are worth
making a detour to visit.

We followed main roads
throughout the trip, for back
roads are uncertain early in the
year. To sketch the trip briefly:
— From Hanover we followed
north along the River through
Lyme and Orford, then swung
inland along the Mousilauke
Trail through Glencliff and
Warren and Wentworth to Ply-
mouth, a short day's trip, but a
beautiful one. Then we headed
(jur automobile north and, fol-
lowing an almost straight line
through the mountains, climbed
through Franconia Notch, into

traveled over
smooth roads
up along the
D a r t m o uth
College High-
way through
K e e n e and
Newport and
Lebanon, past
little villages
with their
clean white

churches and
e 1 m-s hade d
homes, between
wooded hill-
sides where
the young
green of new
leaves was con-
trasted against
the dark of

Photo by Phil M.

Riley Courtesy Photo Era Magazine

A Glimpse of Newfound Lake.

AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

the rolling country of the upper
Connecticut Valley. Colebrook
was the end of that day's jour-
ney, and from there we crossed
through the jagged Dixville
Notch to Errol, took a side trip
up past Umbagog Lake to the
Azisccos Dam which, although
in Maine is an important water-
power development affecting the
industry of Berlin. Through
the thirty-mile woods along the
log-filled Androscoggin, we
made our way to l>erlin and
Gorham, the end of another
day's trij).

We might have gone directly
south from Gorham. and had we
done so we should have passed
through one of the very beauti-
ful notches of the White Moun-
tain country, Pinkham's Notch ;
but we felt reluctant to forego
the two cross roads, one north
and one south of Washington,
which include some of the best
loved scenery of the mountains.
We doubled on our tracks,
therefore, and went northwest,
through Randolph and Jefferson
to Lancaster, then southeast
through Crawford's Notch, Bret-

Photo by Wm. S. D^ivis Courtesy i'lioici Kra Magazine

The little white church in typical of New

Hampshire villages.

Photo by Phil M. Riley

Courtesy Photo Era Magazine

ton Woods,
Bartlett, North
C o n w ay. In-
tervale, the
country so
much loved by
Whittier. Our
destination
that day was
Wolfboro and
we reached
there at just
the time of day
when Whittier
wrote —

"The sunset with
its bars of pur-
ple cloud,
Like a new
heaven, shines
upward from the
lake

Of Winnepesau-
kee."

Wooded Shores, the Weirs, N. H.

308

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Boston & Maint

Dixville is the Northern Notch of the White Mountains, narrow, ragged, with an in-
comparable wild beauty. We found snow here in June on a day when Boston
was sweltering in the first heat of the season.

It is only a short trip from Wolfboro to
Concord, the end of our journey,
whether one takes the direct rotite or
goes more leisurely along the Lake to
Lakeport and the Weirs and then
through Laconia and Franklin. Time
pressed us and we took the shorter road
through Barnstead and Pittsfield, but
the other route is probably more full of
interest.

We took a little more than five days
to the trip. That is a comfortable pace
of perhaps an average of one hundred
miles a day. But it does not give much
time to go ofif the traveled path, to know
the country, to learn its stories, to see
the beautv which is hidden awav for
those who love the hills enough to search
for it. At most one can visit only the
places made accessible through the en-
terprise and ingenuity of man : the
Polar Caves at Rumney, four miles OMt

of Plymouth, are the most recently open-
ed of these natural curiosity spots, and
the fact that overalls and searchlights
and sneakers are ready at call for the
tourist makes that trip easy even for
the motorist running on an exacting
schedule of mileage. The Flume, in
Franconia Notch, is another such spot.
One does not even have to slow down
the car to see the Old Man of the
Mountains ; and Lost River is a favor-
ite haunt of touring parties. Part of
the technique of cultivating the summer
tourist crop consists in simplifying his
sight-seeing, in making it possible for
him to see the maximum variety of won-
ders in the minimum space of time. It
is a legitimate part of the summer busi-
ness, and a valuable part, for the places
exploited are places of unusual beauty
which the speeding tourist would other-
wise pass by. But one would be fool-

AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

309

'^-^.

I ;'i-i Mil & Maine

Crawford's Notch is gentler scenery than Dixville. To many tourists it is the best

loved part of the Mountain Country.

isli beyond reason to claim that in a
five-day trip one could even begin to
know the mountain country. For that
one must live w^ith the hills.

Yet there is a value in the short trip :
it heightens contrasts. It gives one. bet-
ter than any long study could do, a
sense of the variety of this New Hamp-
shire country. A day's trip takes one
from the broad fertile valley ^of the
Connecticut to the foot of the Presi-
dential range. In the space of a hun-
dred miles one may compass the logging
country of the upper Androscoggin,
with the corduroy roads leading into
the forests and the cabins of lumber
camps ; the country of mountain passes,
beautiful beyond belief with its sharp
peaks and wooded ravines ; and the lake
country with its small farms and busy
towns. In a single day one can stand
looking up at the jagged peaks in Dix-

ville Notch ancl l)e charmed by the soft-
er, but no less majestic beauty of Craw-
fords. It is only a day's journey from
a busy manufacturing town like Frank-
Hn to the fisherman's country about the
Connecticut Lakes.

To recall some of the towns we pass-
ed through in our five day's journey is
to record something of this variety.
Iveene, first, a busy city with a metro-
politan air, the shire city of a wealthy
county ; Hanover, a cjuiet academic
village, unhurried and thoughtful ; Ply-
mouth, Gateway to the White Moun-
tains, alert and hospitable to the tourist
throng ; Thornton and Woodstock and
Franconia, flourishing centers for the
summer boarder crop ; Bethlehem, city
of hotels, the only place, so they say,
from which the presidential range is to
be seen in perfect perspective, and also
the only place where hay fever is absg-

310

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

©J-v

Boston & Maine

From Bethlehem and Whitefield one sees the Presidential range in its true perspective.

lutely non-existent ; Groveton with its
piles of lumber being transformed into
wood pulp ; North Stratford, an ugly
machine-made town in a beautiful en-
vironment ; Berhn, the newest city in
the state, the industrial city of the north,
whose development is a thrilling story
of alertness and enterprise ; Intervale
and Conway and Chocorua, villages
more rich in legend than any other sec-
tion of the state: — the list is too long to
give in full.

It is worth a good

Photo by Phil M. KiU;.y v\-uii,.s:, i ....;,, Era Magazine

Mt. Tecumseh from Waterville is a bit off the main tourist road
l)Ut it makes a rewarding side trip.

deal to get this
sense of the scope of New Hampshire's
interests in a quick impressionistic tour
of the state. And then one should go
back and really get acquainted,
stay long enough in each place
so that the past as well as the pres-
ent becomes real. There are stories in
the hills, but the swift purr of the auto-
mol)ile engine drowns them out. They
will tell you at Lancaster how a dare-
devil member of the Rogers Rangers,

a boy who had
been a bound
servant in Con-
necticut until
released by this
service to his
king, passing
that way on an
Indian raid,
tf^ok a fancy to
the location
and picked out
the site where
the busy little
town now
stands. At Jef-
ferson, you
will hear of
Granny Stal-
bird, servant
to Col. Whip-
ple, who back

AS THE ROAD UNROLLS

311

l;MSl..n ^ Maiiu-

Lake Winnepesaukee is the largest of New Hampshire's many beautiful lakes.

in 1763 won for herself the love and
gratitude of the people of the countryside
by her knowledge of healing herbs. The
country around Conway and Chocorua
will yield a hundred tales of the old days,
among them the familiar story of the
Indian chieftain who, standing on the

height of Cho- ^

corua, hurled
his curse upon
the land of his
white enemy
and then leaped
to his death
rather than die
at the hands
of his pursuer.
One should
take a volume
of Whittier in
his pocket when
he goes into
this section, for
there are beau-
tiful passages
descriptive of
lake and river
and mountain „. . , „. ., „, ^.,

Photo by Phil M. RUey

which breathe Mad River

a real understanding of the spirit of
the place.

As one learns to know the hills one
thinks with sympathy of Molly Ocket.
Molly was a squaw of the Pequawket
tril)e who saved the life of Colonel
Clark by warning him of an Indian plot

Cuurtesy I'lioto Era Magazing

and Cone near Thornton.

312

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

to kill him. In gratitude the Colonel
took Molly to his luxurious city home
in Boston and planned to give her every
possible advantage that his own daugh-
ter might have. But ]\Iolly grew home-
sick and her henfactor was wise enough
to guess the trouble. He brought her
l)ack to her woodland and built for her
a wigwam in the wood, and there, the
story goes, she lived happily ever after.
City-dwellers though we are, we all
experience something of Molly Ocket's
sense of release when we get out into
the open country of New Hampshire.

"Doubtless," said wise old Isaac Wal-
ton, "God could have made a better
berry than the strawberry, but doubtless
also God never did." The same senti-
ment applies to New Hampshire's vaca-
tion country. We will not assert that
a bountiful Providence exhausted its re-
sources to build it, but the fact remains
that there is no si)ot on earth more
favored. And in these days of evolu-
tion theories, it is well to state that, how-
ever the rest of the world mav have

evolved from chaos by slow stages, New
Hampshire was formed by special act
of the Great Spirit.

Ages and ages ago, before the mem-
ory of the paleface, a lonely redman
wandered the snowly wastes of the
north country and cried aloud to die
Great Spirit to pity his hunger and his
coldness. The Great Spirit heard. And
suddenly the Indian was deafened by
the noise of an earthquake and saw with
astonished eyes, great piles of jagged
rocks rise up out of the earth. Then
as he watched he saw also, from the
cloud which hung over the newly form-
ed mountains, streams of ice-cold spark-
ling water come flowing down through
the rocky slopes. And a voice out of
the cloud said, "Here the Great Spirit will
dwell forever with his chosen children.'

The red hunter and his kinsmen, who
named so many of the Mountains with
the Snowy Foreheads have disappeared ;
but surely those whose fortunes lead
them even for a brief holiday to the
Waumbek Methna are more than other
men chosen of the gods. — H. F. M.

<'oiirtesy Photo Bra Magazine
The road leads past comfortable farm houses,

FUTURE POLICIES OF THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY

Three New Hampsliire Leaders Analyze the Situation

A Revival of Party Loyalty Wanted

By Senator George H. Moses

POLITICAL parties do not forecast party which has moved forward, in an

their poHcies in advance with ac- orderly fashion, to provide all that rea-

curacy. They cannot — any more soned puhlic opinion has required. I

than a man, by taking thought, can add doubt, in fact, if any state in the Union

a cubit to his stature. Political policies has proportionately, when one thinks in

are shaped by events ; and so much water terms of population and wealth, gone

will run down the Merrimack between forward as far or as fast as New Hamp-

now and the next election that no one shire.

can foretell the ebb or flow of the tide Therefore, future Republican policies

which will lead to Republican fortune in New Hampshire connote merely a

in 1924. continuance of Republicanism.

My personal hope is that the issues Republicanism, not only in New
will be so clearly drawn that the un- Hampshire but through the country
mistakable difference between our party generally, has fallen from its high estate
and our opponents will be undul^itably of the yester-years chiefly because the
set forth in our platform to the end that party ties have slackened. My views on
there can be no question regarding the the causes of this are too well known to
interpretation of the mandate which I require re-stating here ; but it is wholly
am sure we shall take from the voters, pertinent for me to say in this connection
The fundamentals of Republicanism that there can be no continuance of Re-
are fully established ; and while these publicanism, and that there can especial-
are unchanged, and as I think, unchang- ly be none of the renascence of Repub-
ing, there has never been the slightest licanism such as New Hampshire so
hesitation, among New Hampshire Re- sorely needs, if we are not to have a re-
publicans, at least, to meet the new issues vival of the party spirit. It is thirty-
which an advancing age insists upon four years since I first began to have
pressing for solution. There have been any direct connection with public affairs
great reforms in New Hampshire, for in this state. At that time the voters
instance, in the last twenty years — and were either Democrats or Republicans —
I choose this period because, at its be- and there was no doubt about it, either,
ginning, the old regime was at the In those days a C(,)nscientious town com-
height of its power. These reforms mittee could make a canvass which would
have been secured through the agency reveal within the narrowest of limits
of the Republican party ; and not reluc- exactly how the vote would be cast on
tantly. Every man, every woman, every election day. Now, such a thing is im-
child in New Hampshire who has a possible. In those days a party nomi-
sense of betterment arising from the nation was made and all members of the
long series of legislation which has party felt bound to support it. They
maintained our state in the front rank had had their day in the caucus and in
of progressive commonwealths knows the convention ; they had conducted their
that it is due to the enlightened judg- fight within the party lines ; if they had
ment and action of the long-dominant lost, it was their party business to pick

314

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

their flints and wait for the next chance.
To-day, and dating l)ack for a good
many years even before the adoption of
the direct primary — which has failed so
signally to meet the expectations of its
proponents, to say nothing of its gen-
eral failure to realize their personal am-
bitions — I have seen voters take part in
every preliminary to the making of a
party ticket and then feel themselves at
perfect liberty to support it at the polls
or not as they saw fit. This is not Re-
publicanism. It may fit an absurd and
strained construction of the spirit of the
times, but it is subversive of party gov-
ernment — and party government is a
necessary adjunct of the constitutional
form of government to which the United
States still adheres, though it must be
confessed that its sul)stance has become
much diluted.

Unless we are to have a larger sense
of party responsibility, not only among
those who hold ofiice in a party name

but among those who lay claim to a
party membership, it will make no dif-
ference after a few years what the poli-
cies of the Republican party are. There
will be no Repul)lican Party. Nor will
there be any other party as we now know
parties. There will be a congeries of
groups, such as I have lately seen in
some European Parliamentary Cham-
bers, where a Right, and a Left, and a
Center, and an Extreme Right, and an
.Extreme Left, and a dozen other less
distinguishable blocs will hold the stage ;
and our Constitution will be a complete
failure.

New Hampshire put the Constitution
into force. I hope New Hampshire will
have no part in putting the Constitution
out of Inisiness. And I can think of no
more effective means for giving the Con-
stitution renewed vigor than tt) have a
revival of party spirit. Why not start
the movement here l)y having a revival
of Republicanism !

A Party Program

l>v Maior Frank Knox

THE future of the Republican party
as the dominant political factor in
New ]lami)shire is essentially
bound up w.'th the problem of re-estab-
lishing the interest in the party and its
welfare of the young mmhood and
womanhood of the state. Unless this
is speedily accomplished the Reijublican
party in New Hampshire faces a long
and deserved period of minority activ-
ity. Almost universally throughout the
state one finds the active leaders of the
l)arty to be men on the shady side of
fifty, with many of them over sixty years
of age. It is the exception when a
young man or woman in a i)Osition of
party leadership and authority is found.
This statement should not, however,
be presumed to mean that this is wholly
the fault of the older men. There may
be instances where age is jealous of
youth and refuses to yield authority, but

in most cases old men remain on guard
solely because of the failure of the
younger generation to take any active
interest in the partv and its success.

This condition of impending senility
in party organization cannot be corrected
by merely scolding aliout it. We can-
not bring the young men and women in-
to ])olitical activities by preaching duty
at, and to, them. It may only be ac-
complished by providing the Republican
party of this state with a program that
aj)])eals to the young man and the young
woman. Always, everywhere, there is a
natural and inevitable tendency, where
control rests ui)on the shoulders almost
exclusively of those who are long past
their youthful enthusiams and interests,
to gravitate into a posture of satisfac-
tion with things as they are, with reluc-
tance to undertake new methods, with
timidity toward proposals designed to

FUTURE POLICIES OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY 315

meet new needs. The Republican party study and recommend useful state action
in this state stands in grave peril of be- designed to promote better relations be-
coming a static instead of an energizing tween employer and employee, this sur-
force. It suffers from a disposition to vey to include the various methods suc-
over-emphasize the preservation of the cessfully employed in industry else-
good things achieved, and to neglect the where to bring about co-operation be-
vigorous treatment of new problems as tween capital and labor,
they arise. 4. A careful survey of food produc-

Thus, in the evolution and enuncia- tion in this state, the broadening and en-
tion of the sort of program which will larging of the functions of the state
invite the interest and active co-oi)eration marketing bureau with the utmost of
of the younger generations, praise and state encouragement to soundly or-
adulation for past achievements, and ganized co-operative enterprise among
former leadership which made achieve- the food producers both for buying farm
ment possible, may well be subordinated necessities, and selling farm products,
to recognition of pressing present prob- 5. The creation of a bureau of pub-
lems and the means of their solution. licity in some existing department of
We need less to "recall with satisfaction" the state govenment which will supple-
than we do to "view with alarm," and ment and co-ordinate all private enter-
well may our recent political experiences prise designed to repopulate our farms
incline us to the latter ! For unless we and increase food production, to adver-
do feel "alarm" and coin that sense of tise our attractions as a summer and
alarm into aggressive and determined winter resort, and to present attractive-
energy, our party's future in this state ly to the business world the advantages
is precarious. of New Hampshire as a manufacturing

Merely for the purpose of inviting region. This bureau's work should in-

discussion and trying to arouse a general elude concrete effort to get on the land

interest in the party's immediate future, as productive units some of the thous-

l submit the following suggested pro- ands of former soldiers in the World

gram as possibly one which would in- War which the vocational training bu-

vite interest and co-operation from the reau of the United States Veterans'
young men and women of the state: Bureau is now training for agricultural

1. Complete separation of state and pursuits.

local taxes. This program by no means is to be

2. Immediate enactment of the need- regarded as complete, nor in final ac-
ful legislation to procure the prompt ceptable form. It is put forth, as I
development of every horsepower in have said, to precipitate that needful and
our streams. ' essential discussion which must precede

3. Creation of a state commission to constructive and helpful party action.

Ill

A Forward Looking Party

B\' Hon. Frank AIusgrove

ALL that one might wish for the party success. Issues, Candidates, Or-
Repul)lican party in the approach- ganization. These three fundamentals
ing campaign in New Hampshire should be so thoroughly co-ordinated as
could Ije expressed in one terse sen- to produce complete "team-work ;" they
tence: "It should be a foward looking should be responsive to popular needs
party." and demands.

There are three fundamentals for First as to Issues : We must avoid the

316

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

danger of living upon our record of past
achievement, glorious as that record is.
In politics, as in business, a past is of
value only as a l)asis for further pro-
gress. It has been demonstrated over
and over again (was demonstrated in
the election of 1922) that the issues of
any particular campaign mean more to
those who have votes to bestow than
past accomplishments mean. In the
present state of political unrest it es-
pecially behooves us to give intelligent
thought to issues before we enter the
next campaign.

The most important issues seem
naturally to group themselves under
three heads, ( 1 ) Equalization and allevi-
ation of the tax l)urden ; (2) Utilization
and development of our natural re-
sources; (3) Labor legislation.

The people are clamoring for taxa-
tion relief. Specific means for sub-
stantial relief are difficult to find under
the barriers imposed by our Constitu-
tion, especially while high costs prevail,
but there are some sources of legitimate
revenue which have not yet been utilized
and always economies may be effected.
Republicans should go into the next
campaign with a carefully thought out
program for such utilization of new
sources of revenue as will more equita-
bly distribute the tax burden ; should
give assurance that such new revenue
will not mean increased appropriations ;
should present a definite program for re-
trenchment. We should oppose the crea-
tion of further commissions, oppose the
undertaking of new, expensive enter-i
prises, should urge the elimination of
certain commissions now existing and
the consolidation of others.

Utilization and Development of Our
Natural Resources : We should con-
template generous encouragement of ag-
griculture and the greater utilization of
that wealth inherent to us in the water
systems of the state.

We are only beginning to realize the
importance of agriculture. The farmer,
if you please, should receive every possi-

ble legislative aid. He is our only real
producer. It is obvious that as year by
year we see a decrease in the number of
such producers the effect upon the costs
of the necessities of life is definite. The
Republican party should offer a definite
program of aid to agriculture.

New Hampshire should take her
place by the side of those states which
have come to recognize the importance
of their natural water system, the pos-
sibilities of creating storage basins to
save the supply which annually runs to
waste. It is unfortunate that the last
legislature did not do something with
the project which was then presented.
It would be good strategy for the Re-
publican party to get behind such an
issue in the next campaign, presenting
it in a manner to convince that the pro-
ject may be carried out without adding
materially to present state charges and
pointing out the economies which would
ensue by reduction in fuel costs.

Labor Issues : W^e should advocate
further improvement in liability and
compensation statutes. But of course
the big labor issue will center around
the question of hours of labor. The
Republican part\- should get squarely
behind the 48-hour proposition. But,
the answer will be. the Democrats will
again espouse that issue. So much the
better. If both parties endorse it Re-
publicans who believe in it will vote
with their party in the next campaign,
while those who do not so believe can
do nothing else as there will be no anti-
party to which they can go. There is
no need for further investigation. The
politician knows how he stands on this
important question, the voters know
what they want. The 48-hour week is
coming, and it is right.

Speaking of issues. New Hampshire
Republicans should remember that the
next campaign will be a presidential
campaign, and they should stand square-
ly foehind !the national administration.
Examine the state platform of the party
during any presidential campaign and it

FUTURE POLICIES OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

317

will be noted that this endorsement has
always been given.

President Harding is committed to
the full enforcement of prohibition.
Whatever we may think of prohibition
as such, whatever our belief as to what
should constitute the alcoholic content
to be defined in actual operation of law
under prohibition. the fundamental
political issue in prohibition is that of
upholding the Constitution. Upon this
question the Republican party should
stand foursquare.

Then we must back up the President
in his advocacy of the World Court.
The party cannot be divided upon this
question and win. Our participation in
this World Court as a possible war de-
terrent is the least we can reasonably do
and still avoid entangling ourselves as
seriously as we would by actual member-
ship in the League of Nations as such.
Opponents of the W^orld Court talk
much about the "mandates" of the last
presidential election ; but President
Harding was elected quite as much by
the votes of those who expected him to
give us some reasonable participation in
world obligations, minus the Wilson ob-
jections, as by those who wanted no
participation at all.

Only a word as to Candidates and Or-
ganization : Both should typify a sane
progressivism. It should be remem-
liered that in recent years the most suc-
cessful campaigns from /a Republican
standpoint have been waged around pro-
gressive issues and with candidates" of
progressive thought. ^lost of the legis-
lation in which we take pride as a party
was enacted by liberal legislatures. One
would-be gubernatorial candiate openly

declares that before we enter another
campaign we must divorce the indepen-
dent from the party. But grass widows
and grass widowers seldom come back
to their first love. It is better strategy
to put some one at the head of the politi-
cal family who will hold the family to-
gether. The independent vote will con-
trol the next election. The Republican
party can hold that vote if it presents
proper issues and candidates.

As to Organization : One may thor-
oughly approve of the real life which
the party has recently shown in this re-
gard. Now let us take in a sufficient
number of liberal thinking men and
women, a sufficient number from among
the new voters, to become thoroughly
representative. Do not remove those
who have done previously effective party
service, but liberalize without such re-
movals.

Finally, to build for the future it
should be stated that that party which
will drop politics with an election, and
in the halls of legislation vote upon
measures according to their merits and
without political considerations, will at
once become secure in the affections of
the electorate. It may sound paradoxi-
cal, Init the best way to build politically
is to forget politics — at the proper time.
New Hampshire is naturally a Re-
publican state. Given liberal issues,
liberal candidates, and a representative
organization in the next campaign, the
Republican party in this state will re-
sume its rightful position. Then, if it
will drop politics with the convening of
the next General Court, Republican
supremacy will be secure for years to
come.

A GROWING BUSINESS

It is only a few years since a rep-
resentative in the legislature from
Berlin passed around at the State
House some of the first cans man-
ufactured by the Brown Company of
his city of a vegetable oil substitute

for lard. To-day the news comes
that the Browns are buying 60,000
acres of the Florida Everglades for
the raising of peanuts to furnish oil
for this one branch of their business.

— Concord Monitor

318

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

laMA-nHMULHMMlMfl

_.„^^.iJ&».£kadS

POLAR

Because rain spoiled a man's fish-
ii-"? trin, tourists this vear along the
Mnusilauke trail will find four miles
from Plymouth a new landmark and
a new adventure preoared for them.
The approach to the adventure is
nuict enough : a nlain frame pavil-
lion by the road, in which Air. Col-
lishaw, quiet, courteous, enthusias-
tic over his discovery, is waiting
with a cordial welcome ; a short
walk through the woods where red
sduirrels scold from the trees; a
\vindine; walk over rustic bridges ; so
one comes to the Polar Caves.

Tn a sense they are not caves :
thry are formed bv the tumbling
toeether of a huge mass of boulders,
around which, and over which, and
imder which the human insect can
crawl with imnunitv. There are
rork chambers as laree as a room
;ind small narrow passages throueh
which one crawls on hands and
knees. .And the vv-eirdness and mvs-
terv nf the place ie enhanced bv the
s^rantre shapes of the rocks. A
sold'Vr, wearinsf a Confederate rap.
stands guard on ton of the cliff, a
pro file, email but nearly as distinct
PS the Old Man of the Mountains;
another cliff discloses the face of a
^'eepinaf eiant : stranee animals con-
front one at the openings of caves.
On the hot davs of tbe summer the
raves will undoubtedly be the refuore
of manv dnsty tourists, for the
name, Polar Caves, is well taken, one

POLAR CAVES

319

CAVES

finds ico there the year round. In
June the snow in some of the cham-
bers is knee deep.

There is nothing new about the
caves of course. They have been
there for centuries. The story is
that they were the haunt of Indians
and the refuge of smugglers in the
early days. And in the more recent
past, the villagers used to send the
small boys of the neighborhood to
the ice caves for the ice needed in
freezing the Fourth of July ice
cream. But the stranger in the lo-
cality, driving along the road, would
never have guessed the existence of
the caves ; he sees only a rocky cliff
with scrubby growth on its sides and
young trees below it — a pleasant bit
of landscape, but not such as to
cause one to stop to explore. In
fact, as we have already said, it
took an interruotion in a fishing trip,
a rainy day with nothing to do, to
bring these caves to the attention of
their present owner.

]Mr. Collishaw has a business in
Exeter, and he has spent vacations
in Rumney for many years. Last
year he discovered the caves. They
fascinated him and he had imagi-
nation enough to see that they would
interest others. So he promptly
bought the land and set about mak-
ing the approach to the caves easy
for the tourists That is the story;
stop and see for yourself next time
you pass tliat way.

Chicks from an Accredited Flock.

THE DAY-OLD CHICK INDUSTRY
IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

Meeting the Increasing Demand for New Hampshire Chicks

By a. \V. Richardson

WITHIN the last three years
there has been developed in
the state of New Hampshire
a specialized branch of the poultry
industry — the day-old chick. Prior
to this time comparatively feu-
such chickens were sold by the New
Hampshire poultrymen either within
or outside the state. The one thing
which probably has most to do with
the development of this day-old chick
business is the fact that several
flocks of poultry tested for white
diarrhea have been found absolutely
free. This disease has been the curse
of the chicken industry, probably
causing fifty per cent of the mortality,
and has been widely spread through-
out New England. Scientists have
found the only practical method of
controlling the plague is by raising
uncontaminated stock. The object,
therefore, of the Poultry Department
of the University of New Hampshire
in its campaign against white di-

arrhea has been to get healthy chicks
into the hands of as many people as
possible, or. in other words, chickens
which will live and grow. Those men
who possess the flocks found free
from white diarrhea infection have
been able to sell chickens because the
cliickens which they have sold lived
and thrived.

In the season of 1922 there were
sold from these flocks known to be
free from white diarrhea, over 250,-
CCO day-old chicks. While the fig-
ures for the present season are not
all in, there is every indication that
there will have been sold over 300,-
000 day-old chicks. These chicks
have gone as far south as Virginia
and as far w^est as Iowa, and the state
is establishing a reputation for Rhode
Isbnd Reds which live well and
g.ow well and. when mature,
lay well. There is every indica-
tion that thi-s reputation and mar-
ket will steadily increase and those

Tl^£ DAY-OLD CHICK INDUSTRY

321

poultrymen who have foresight
enough to see the possibilities are
certain to make money even though
there comes a time when the compe-
tition becomes keen, because previous
to that time they will have estab-
lished a reputation in many localities
for their chicks.

This phase of the poultry business
is a very profitable one, and those
men who have increased their incuba-
tion capacity and are in a position
to sell chicks report the best financial
year they have ever had.

An example of a successful man in
the day-old chick phase of the busi-
ness is Oiver Hvibbard of Walpole.
This young man graduated from New
Hampshire College in June, 1921.
Previous to this time his father had
carried from 600 to 1000 laying hens
each season. Young Mr. Hubbard
went directly home from college to
assist in the development of the poul-
try business. The Hubbards have
now increased the number of their
laying hens to 1800 per year. They
have an incubation capacity of 20,-
000 eggs, and will in all probability
sell this season over 40,000 chicks.

Another example is Dr. J. L. Piper
of Northwood. Up to four years ago
he was a country dentist. He started
in the chicken business with approx-
mately 100 hens, and has developed
his plant to 1500 laying hens. This
season he will sell approximately
25,000 day-old chicks.

Lewis Hoyt of Goffstown, one of
the most successful chicken men in
the state, has been in the poultry
game for thirty years ; he has kept
from 1200 to 1800 laying hens, but has
developed the chick end of his busi-
ness within the last three years. He
will hatch and sell at least 40,000
chicks this season.

Almore Burns, a young man who
was in the service from the first
to the last of the war, returned
to his fafther's farm in Goflfstown,
after being discharged. His father
had been keeping about 800 hens ; but

the two, working together, have in-
creased the business to approximately
1800 laying hens and will sell this
season about 300,000 chicks.

Among others who have developed
the day-old chick phase of the poul-
try business are: Samuel Bickford,
Epsom; William Cole, Fremont;
David Atwood, Franklin ; Frank
Webster, Farmington; James Towle,
Frenn)nt ; Ernest Paige, North
Weare ; Marion C. Purington, North
Weare ; Russell Hilliard, East Kings-
ton; T. J. Brackett, Greenland, and
C. R. Hayes, Dover.

The average mortality of the chicks
which were sold from the accredited
New Hampshire farms during the sea-
son of 1922 was less than six per cent.
Compare this with the mortality of
forty per cent from shipments of
40,000 chicks into this state from out-
side hatcheries, and it is plain to see
that the poultrymen and farmers are
going to buy more and more chicks
each season nearer home. There are
many advantages in such purchases :
first, we have an opportunity to know
personally the man who produces the
the chicks ; second, we have an op-
portunity to see his growing chicks
and his laying hens several times dur-
ing the season and to know under
what conditions his stock is grown;
third, the shorter the distance that the
chicks must be carried, especially
early in the season, the better will
be the chance that they will live; for
if the chicks are a long time in trans-
it and pass through several junction
points, they are very likely to become
chilled and once chilled are almost
certain to die. If the people of the
state who buy chicks can be per-
suaded to purchase nearer home,
everybody — both the producer and the
purchaser — will be benefited.

It is significant that orders for next
season's chicks are already being
placed. In fact, the men who are
producing white diarrhea-free chicks
were unable during the past season to
hatch enough to supply the demand.

THE ROAD TO LARIAT

The Story of a Disappointment

By Grant Carpenter Manson

ZEBRA Butte is a roughly conical
eminence of that striped clay, or
"gumbo," so peculiar to the semi-
arid regions of our West. Its so evi-
dent name was undouljtedly the product
of an imagination wearied by overwork
in the art of giving cognomens. Its
more gentle or westerly slope looks over
the hazy distances of the Mizpah Valley.
At its foot Mizpah Creek, a torrent in
March, a dry, sun-baked ditch in Au-
gust, picks its crazy course through the
valley. There are no trees, with the ex-
ception of some very old and gnarled
pitch pines on the crests of the long line
of hills forming the western boundary
of the valley, their whimsical shapes out-
lined against the sky, and some patriar-
chal cottonwoods growing at intervals
along the banks of the creek. Every-
where is the long grass and the brittle,
blue-green sage brush of the Cattle
Country. Over all, broods the intense
peace of a vast and sparsely populated
region.

One summer evening Ben Sharp came
trudging across the path that leads over
the summit of Zebra Butte. The valley
before him lay in the tremendous glory
of a Montana sunset, the sunset that
brings with its flaming presence the wel-
come cool of evening. Twice he stop-
I)ed to remove and replace laboriously
the barbed wires of a fence. There
were no gates. He was nearing his
home.

Ben surveyed the familiar scene. He
always did. His homestead appeared
its best from a distance. There were
the cornfields and the plot of oats
(which, by the way, was doing very
poorly this year), the well-worn path to
the little spring at the base of a gumbo
cliff, the vegetable garden, the corral,
the indifferent barn, and the one-room
loghouse on a rise just above the creek,
dominating everything.

A wisp of thin blue smoke rose

straight into the freshening air from
the tin chimney. "Be glad for supper,"
thought Ben. Then : "Awful like to git
that extry room built on this year. It'd
shore tickle the old woman to pieces,"
he said briskly. He talked about a re-
splendent new addition every year, but
the house still remained a one-room af-
fair.

Ben descended the hill and entered
the barn, whence he fetched a three-leg-
ged stool and a pail. Fle went toward
the home cow, Bess, who was waiting
by a fence near the creek. Bess was
finicky, and had to be approached in a
certain gentle manner. Ben was not al-
ways successful in managing the cow;
this evening, as usual, it was only after
much manoeuvering and swearing that
the sharj), pleasant sound of milk flow-
ing into a tin pail could be heard. Soon
P»en's son, Johnny, came dashing from
the house and watched the milking ab-
sorbedly, as though he had never seen
it l)efore.

When Ben reached the house, with
his pail of warm milk, he found his wife
bending over the stove. As they had
nothing to l)urn but pitch pine, this stove
was a miniature kiln, and a constant
source of distress to Rose Sharp. The
stifling heat of the early afternoon still
lingered in the room.

Ben took a stoneware basin from a
nail and washed perfunctorily on the
damp wooden bench outside the door.
Two large hens came clucking cautious-
ly near his feet, ever searching the stray
morsel. The odour of the supper in
preparation assailed his nostrils. He
said : "Better have some onions fer sup-
per."

His wife's voice responded from the
dim interior of the cabin : "They won't
be none left, if you don't git to waterin'
the garden soon. My peas is dryin' up,
too."

Ben went to the garden and plucked

THEl ROAD TO THE LARIAT

323

a handful of young onions from the
dry, powdery soil. He placed them in
a glass on the center of the tahle. Fresh
vegetables were a luxury to be given
the place of honour.

The air grew rapidly cooler, and the
heat from the stove became less obnox-
ious. During supper, Rose divided her
time between trips to the stove and lit-
tle services to the baby, Dorothy. Rose
was blond, and one could easily imagine
that she had been pretty, though a life
so far from other people had caused her
to become careless of herself. She was
the daughter of a farmer who lived in the
wooded Paradise of the western part of
the state, in a snug little valley near the
city of Billings. Her mother came from
Iowa, and kept house superbly with an
ice-box and an oil range. As a conse-
quence Rose felt bitterly toward her
adopted environment.

The heavy meal finished, she washed
the dishes, and busied herself with
mending, meanwhile indulging her latent
passion for fashion magazines. They
were all very old issues, which she had
collected from time to time. To her
mind gowns and hats were a rare form
of beauty — a beauty for which she
starved.

Presently an unexpected visitor rode
up. Rose was pleasantly agitated. It
was Mrs. Ott, a large, mannish Swede,
who homesteaded in an energetic man-
ner a few miles up the valley. She
greeted them in her harsh, charming
voice :

"Hi! Well, I thought I'd drop in."
"Yes, do come right in and set down,
Miz Ott."

Preliminaries were exchanged, the
baby admired, and the weather discussed.
Then Mrs. Ott said:

"D'you remember Ed Kanzer's wife
up to Lariat, Miz Sharp? She run the
Parus Millin'ry Store."

"Oh ! shore," exclaimed Rose. Mrs.
Kanzer's store made an irresistible ap-
peal to her nature. She often dreamed
of running a millinery establishment.
"Well, what d'you think?" continued

Mrs. Ott, "she wants to sell the store,
and she wrote me a letter only yester-
day to buy it. She's a second cousin
to me by my husband's side. She
knows I got some money by, eh? Well,
what with my new hired man an' all, I
ain't got the time to run it myself. But
I been thinkin' it over, an' it's a awful
good buy. Money in it. Now I got a
scheme. What if you should go up to
Lariat and run it, eh, Miz Sharp? You
all could move to town. I'll buy the
store, and you don't do nothin' but let
my l)rother run yore place, eh?"

Rose flushed. "D'you mean fer me
to run the Parus Store in Lariat? My!
ain't that grand ! But I don't know z'l

could do it, Miz Ott. But "

Ben hiterrupted: "Why, Miz Ott!
How did vou know we'd ever even think
of leavin' the ranch an' all?"

"Well, maybe I shouldn't ask you all.
But somehow I didn't reckon you'd
think meanly of it. 'Course there's the

Linders farther on they're kinda

restless."

"'T'ain't that we mind that way,"
spoke Rose quickly, "is it, Ben?"

"Course 't'ain't, Miz Ott. It's a good
proposition fer the woman here. An'
I ain't been up to town myself fer a
consider'ble space."

Mrs. Ott l)eamed. "Well, it's got
good points, shore. You'd be able to see
yore folks more often, an' I hear z'ow
they got a fine noo grammar school fer
the kids, an', what's more, Miz Sharp
would be makin' good money."

"Jest how did you say we'd run the
store, Miz Ott," asked Rose. "I'd like
to git an idee."

Ben said : "Got to close up the barn.
You ladies kin jabber about it." He
l)Ut on an old sweater and ran to the
barn dancing about awkwardly, as one
unresponsive to the rhythm of life, his
joy welling up in this clandestine
moment. He gazed long and steadily at
the sky. Clear and opaque, it was
transfixed with the bright stab of
myriad stars.

"Rain, darn you, and water that gar-

324

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

den !" he threatened, waving his arm
aloft. "In Lariat, you don't need no
rain, though," he added.

When he returned, the women were
still talking and planning — to Mrs. Ott,
husiness arrangements, to Rose, ar-
rangements about the gates of Heaven.
Soon Mrs. Ott took her departure, re-
marking: "I'm shore you'll find a good
business with the ladies in Lariat, Miz
Sharp ; and it's a nice, genteel business,
too. If you decide to go, all will be
right pleased."

She rode ofif into the inscrutable
night, and the sound of the hoof beats
of her horse grew faint and were heard

not at all

Her proposition was ingenious. She
had suddenly been burdened with
an indolent brother. He had want-
ed a ranch. Mrs. Ott had wanted to
extend hers. By establishing her

brother on the Sharp ranch, he would
not have to begin with virgin soil
(though the Sharp's ranch was in poor
condition), and she herself would he
well on her way to acquiring an adjoni-
ing piece of land for next to nothing.
In fact, it would cost her only the hun-
dred dollars which Mrs. Kanzer had
asked for her emporium.

Rose blew out the lamp, being in
spite of her excitement, extremely care-
ful to see that the wick was well extin-
guished. She and Ben discussed the
subject volubly and rather aimlessly, as
do people whom change habitually
catches unpreijared. The plan was a
direct challenge to the fundamental
weakness of the head of the Sharp fam-
ily. Ben was a nomad in spirit. Rose
breathlessly saw her dream coming true.
The plan was a challenge to her unhap-
piness. Eagerly, the two Mizpah Val-
ley homesteaders reached for the pros-
trate gauntlet.

"Ben, all you got to do," said Rose
finally, "is to go to Miz Ott an' say
'yes.' Then you mosy up to Lariat and
see Lem Hullmer ; he'll give you back
that job on the N. P. you had when we
was married. I kin remember jest as

plain as day when he fired you. He
says, 'Ben, I like you first rate. If you
kin ever come back to me an' prove that
you been dead sober fer a year, the job
is yore's again.' W'e came right out on
this ranch then, an' you been almost al-
ways all right ever since ; an' that's more
than eight year ago come next May.
You jest tell Lem Hullmer that, Ben
Sharp, an' everything'U work out grand."
Thus it was settled.
Rose got up long before the rising
sun had l)urnt away the damp chill of
the night. She com])ed her hair in a
large wave and scrui)l)ed her hands to
see if the rough, red appearance could
he done away with. She posed before
the mirror and imagined herself the
suave i)roprietress of the Paris Milli-
nery Store, lisping affected sentences
and over-delicately mincing her words.
Suddenly her husband stirred and she
hurried about the business of getting
her little household in order for the
coming day. Once more the stove
roared. A kettle of water began to
bubble and give off little wisps of steam.
DawMi burst upon the valley, and with
it came the first waves of the heat which
was to last throughout the day. Rose
heard her chickens stirring in the little
enclosure beside the door, and the soft,
incessant call of some turtle doves in a
neighboring cottonwood. In Lariat,
thought Rose, there was already pleas-
ant activity and colorful bustle.

After breakfast, Ben saddled the gray
mare. Trixie, and rode to Mrs. Ott's
ranch-house. On his return, he had
fifty dollars in cash with him, which
IMrs. ( )tt had given him (not, indeed,
without grave misgivings) to close the
bargain with the widow Kanzer. He
then left for Lariat, to see Mrs. Kanzer
and Lem Hullmer. Pie felt free and
elated. Rose hovered about him with
a new injunction for each minute. She
watched him till his figure grew minute
and disapi)eared altogether. ... In the
evening he would return, brimming with

news, once more a citizen of Lariat

Dinner over, the cabin was bathed in

THE ROAD to the lariat

325

the tierce heat of the noonday sun. At
this hour, Rose usually rested as far as
possihle from the blistering stove. To-
day she made some brown sugar can-
dies. She ate them with an absurd ele-
gance of gesture. She planned. She
felt nervous and luxurious, and read and
reread her fashion magazines. She got
out a small wicker basket decorated with
a bow of faded pink ribbon, and gazed
at the well-thumbed post-cards within.

She was thus occupied when Mrs.
Ott appeared. Rose chatted gayly. She
proposed tea.

"That'd ])e right nice if 't'ain't too
much trouble," assented Mrs. Ott, taken
a bit l)y surprise.

'"T'ain't no bother, I'm shore, Miz
Ott. Tea is sech a refreshin' drink
of an afternoon, don't you think?"

Over their tea (which was black as
coffee) the two women talked of the
future of the store. Mrs. Ott exclaim-
ed:

"You jest bet Ed. Kanzer's wife made
ten dollars in some weeks ! I know her.
The only reason why she's sellin' it fer
a hunder dollars is because she's got to
leave fer loway ; and she's only got a
few hats left, anyways, the ladies was
all so crazy after 'em."

"I'll get a few real stylish hats from
Billings an' copy 'em myself," proposed
Rose.

"Yes. 'Course you got to be real
clever an' smooth an' all.' " She lean-
ed toward Rose confidentially. "Some
ladies has told me that you got to call
'em 'chapoze' to git the real trade !"

When Mrs. Ott left. Rose lav down.
She had been dismayed at Mrs. Ott's
disclosure. "Well, they ain't no cause
to worry," she decided. '"Guess I kin
be jest as stylish as anybody."

The long day wore on. The heat
danced on the parched ground, and re-
flected in shimmering waves from every
object. The silence of the afternoon
was intense, its calm was majestic.
Once a far distant bellow drifted across
the open grange.

With the coming of the first faint

coolness of evening. Rose set about pre-
paring the supper. She descended into
the cavernous cellar, dug into the side
of a small hill, whence she brought forth
some moist bacon and potatoes. She
opened a fresh jar of choke-cherry jam
as a welcome to Ben.

Fifteen minutes, a half hour passed.
Ben did not come. Stabs of uneasiness
struck her in rapid succession. She ran
the whole sickening gamut from an-
noyance to worry — to despair. "S'pose
1 better feed the kids," she said, and
laid the meal, by now quite cold, upon
the table.

Suddenly, as if by intuition, she knew
distinctly what had happened in Lariat.
.\ wave of emotion ]iassed over her and
left her benuml)ed.

The cow, Bess, was lowing. Rose
threw a shawl over iier shoulders and
went to do the milking. When she re-
turned to the cabin she found herself
expecting to see Ben there. Of course
she knew he wouldn't be. She put the
children to bed. and walked to a little
rise behind the house. She was dress-
ed warmly against the approaching chill
of twilight. From the rise she could
see the Lariat road winding, dipping,
twisting down the valley. On its whole
length there was no traveler.

She looked at the glittering side of
Zebra Butte, its crimson hues paling in
the fading light. Instinctively, in her
bitter disillusionment, her first thought
was of her children. ( )h irony, oh im-
mutability of Fate ! Her boy might
have enjoyed the advantages of school-
ing. He might have grown up a fine,
intelligent man. Dorothy might have
come to maturity in Lariat ! Eventually
she might have gone to i)arties ; Rose
would have sat up late working on her
filmy dresses, taking pains that every
stitch jwas perfect. Rose was merely
called upon for one of the sacrifices of
life. She bowed in submission.

"I don't know," she spoke aloud, "but
that it ain't a good deal l)etter this way.
We tried Lariat once. It ain't no place
fer us. We've been temptin' Provi-

326

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

dence. I wanted that store so bad 1
fergot Ben's failin's. 'Course we got
some bad troubles to git out of, now the
money's gone. Ben kin hire out free to
Miz Ott, an' I kin do somethin'. Any-
how we still got our ranch. Maybe,
when we settle up with Miz Ott Ben kin
build on that bedroom we've wanted so

long I could uv run that Parus

Store grand, though ! Some red hangin's
in the Front Street winders would have
helped. 1 kin git nice red repp fer
twenty cents a yard.''

She shivered a little. Night was com-
ing on fast. Far down the Lariat Road
she could distinguish a figure on horse-

back, moving slowly. As it approached,
she could hear that the rider was sing-
ing in a high, unsteady voice. She
waited patiently.

Ben rode up, smiling vacuously. He
gazed at the bright, full moon, just mak-
ing its appearance behind the butte, and
sang loudly in an exaggerated falsetto :

"Give me an angel fer a foe,
Fix now the place an' ti-i-i-me."

He wore a flaming red silk shirt, its full,
new folds fluttering in the gentle breeze.
With difficulty. Rose assisted her hus-
band from his horse, and led the weary
animal to the barn.

THREE WOMEN WHO LEAD
NEW HAMPSHIRE CLUB WORK

The New Federation Officers

AFTER a hard- fought battle, the
Sheppard-Towner bill passed the
New Hampshire Legislature. A
bill calling for the removal of the state
supervision system in connection with
[Hiblic schools in the state was killed :
two facts which are very simple in
themselves, but significant because they
mean that for the first time in New
Hampshire's history the organized power
of the women's opinion has been suc-
cessfully marshalled and their voice has
l)een heard with no uncertain accents in
the halls of the lawmakers. The first
time — but not the last, for as the wo-
men's clubs through the state are tend-
ing more and more to become civic clubs
instead of literary or culture clubs
they naturally take more active part in
state affairs. According to some, the
task of steering an even course between
patisanship on the one hand and inef-
fectualness on the other is a very grave
problem. But when one meets the of-
ficers recently elected to guide the State
Federation of Women's Clubs, one feels
that here are women who, by sheer
force of common sense and good judg-

ment, can meet that problem and dis-
solve the difficulties. The officers of
the P'ederation, representing as they do
14,000 club women of the state— 14,000
of the most intelligent, most public
spirited women in New Hampshire —
are more than ever before important
public officials in the state. The entire
board is worthy of notice, but space
here allows for the introduction of
three only, the President, and the first
and second \'ice Presidents.

Mrs. Clara Fellows

President

^<?rri HE Federation is going to do just
-^ what it has always done : carry
on legislative work for measures
benefitting women and children. We
have always stood for education and we
are going to continue to stand for it
even if it means fighting for the educa-
tional system we have helped to build.
W> are solidly behind any measure
which benefits women and children. If
the Federation relinciuishes its practice
of working for legislation along these

THREE WOMEN WHO LEAD NEW HAMPSHIRE CLUB WORK 327

lines, it becomes
a bee witbout a
sting."

Mrs. Fellows,
President of the
New Hampshire
Federation of
Women's Clubs,
spoke with di-
rectness and
conviction, two
qualities which
are characteris-
tic and which
have undoubted-
ly contributed to
her success, not
only in women's
club work, but
also as the head
of a successful
insurance busi-
ness in Tilton,
and even, per-
haps with that
Sunday School
class of boys of

whom she is so ^^'^- C''^[? Ft-llows of

redcration or
proud, and who

evidently hold her also in affectionate

regard. "If one of them gets a new

bicycle, he has to come up right away

before breakfast and show it to me,"

she says.

But Mrs. Fellows is not mainly con-
cerned with the i)r()blem of the place of
the Federation in political matters. That
is only one phase of the work.

"Last year the clubs of the state spent
$25,000 for charities and welfare work.
There is scarcely a movement in New
Hampshire which touches education or
state development or public health which
does not owe a large debt to the New
Jiampshire Federated Clubs. The Chil-
dren's Aid and Protective Society re-
ceived much help from the Federation
early in its history. Now we hope that
the Sherman Burroughs Fund will pro-
vide for that work so that the clubs can
go forward to other pioneer fields of

that

ren-

the

service. The
Scholarship
Fund of the
Federation, ably
managed by
Mrs. Hill of
Concord, touches
another state
problem. H
hel])s New

Hampshire girls
to get an educa-
tion, with the
stipulation
the service
dered I)y
Federation
the girls,
passed along by
the girls in ser-
vice to the state.
Forestry, the
Audubon So-
c i e t y, Tul)er-
culosis preven-
tion work, Hos-
p i t a 1 s. Red
Cross, Near
East Relief —
these are a few of the things the clubs
are interested in."

I'^or the future, Mrs. Fellows has
many interesting jjlans. She hopes to
work out some educational conferences
for clul) women, conferences in which
club members can receive instruction, in
concentrated form, in the many matters
pertaining to clul) work. She hopes also
to organize junior clubs which will in-
terest young girls in the work of the
Federation.

" 'There are too many gray heads and
too few brown' — That's a criticism
which is frequently made," she said,
"and we are going to try and build into
the Federation the enthusiasm of young
people. We need it."

We predict that this enthusiasm will
be forthcoming in large measure, and
that, under Mrs. Fellows' guidance, the
Federation, already a factor in New

Tilton, President State
Women's Chihs.

32g

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

Mrs. G. E. Speare of Plymouth,
First Vice President.

go forward

llaiiii)shire affairs, will

even broader fields of usefulness.

Mrs. G. E. Si)eare
First Vice President

MODESTY is a rare virtue. Con-
sequently the very evident reluc-
tance of Airs. G. E. Speare of
Plymouth carried a rather reflreshing
sensation to her interviewer. The
memorv of a ]M-oniinent legislator who
protested vigorously against having his
picture appear in a certain publication
while he sidled eagerly toward the door
to pose for said picture, came back in
marked contrast to the sincere objection
of Mrs. Speare which revealed itself in
her manner rather than her words.

Extreme caution seemed to govern
Mrs. Speare's statements concerning the
New Hampshire Federation of \Vomen's
Clubs of which she is first vice-i)resident.
That caution is evidently characteristic,
for she declared her opinion very firm-

Iv against too much participation in
political issues by her organization. "I
should prefer," said she, "that we en-
dorse only a few measures and do so
eft'ectually because we are united, than
to participate in many political struggles
and run the risk of sacrificing the har-
iT.onv which now exists among us."

As an illustration of this point, Mrs.
Speare mentioned the active efiforts of
the Federation for the child welfare
measures of the last legislature as well
as their opposition to the repeal of the
present system of education. "We
could support them unitedly," she said,
"for they were measures which really
aff'ected the welfare of children."

riie vice-president's greatest anxiety
seemed t(j be the task of keeping the
h'ederation away from partisanship. "I
am connected with no party," she said,
"and I do not wish to be, for I feel I
can do my work more impartially by
keeping clear of partisanship." In re-
])ly to a question concerning the possi-
bility of keeping the organization non-
partisan Mrs. Speare predicted very con-
fidently that it could be done. "We
have strong Republicans and equally
strong Democrats," she said, "but they
unite on real issues for which women
should strive."

Those opponents of women's partici-
pation in political life on the ground that
it injures the home should visit Mrs.
Speare in hers. They would find a
woman in whom a keen intellect and a
penetrating glance detract nothing from
a quiet charm and grace. They would
doubtless meet her husband. Plymouth's
pdpular superintendent of schools, who
would make a few jocose remarks about
his wife's work in the club — but the
pride in his face belies his words. They
would read the "New Hampshire Fed-
eration Bulletin" of which she is the
founder and editor, feel the stimulation
of her lively interest, and come away
wondering whether they had interview-
ed her or she had interviewed them.

THREE WOMEN WHO LEAD NEW HAMPSHIRE CLUB WORK

329

Mrs. George F. Morris

Second Vice President

OUR first meeting with Mrs. Morris,
Second Vice President of the Fed-
eration, was in the narrow dark passage
which goes down under the Aziscoos
Dam. The second time we saw her,
she welcomed us into the refreshing
coolness of her home in Lancaster and
introduced us to her cat and drj. And
on hotli occasions our impression was
of a capahle and gracious personahty.
informal and genuine. She seemed to
us a woman who accomplishes much l)e-
cause she is careful of detail ])Ut never
so meticulous that the drudgery of a
task ohscures its larger phases. That
is a good quality for the officer of any
organization.

We spoke a little of the question of
the Federation's stand in regard to
political alTairs and found Mrs. Morris
in entire agreement with the other of-
ficers of the Federation.

"The representation of the clubs on
the executive board is very widely dis-
tributed. We have also the district con-
ferences and the president's conference
which takes in the i)residents of the
clubs throughout the state. It is not dif-
ficult to get a very exact consensus of
opinion on any issue without actually
taking a vote of each club."

Like the other members of the board,
Mrs. Morris recognized the dangers of
too much participation in political af-
fairs on the part of the Federation,^ but
she felt that these were slight compared
with the advantages which come from
making it possiljle for the Federation
to accomplish needed reforms and to
work for the welfare of women and chil-
dren through the channels of legislation.

IVIrs. Morris is particularly interested
in the possibilities of the Women's clubs
as agencies for civic betterment.

"If Lancaster wants anything done,
the town calls on us," she said. "The

Mrs. George H. Morris of Lancaster,
Second Vice President

last thing we accomplished was to se-
cure the lighting of our park. The
things a club can do for a small com-
munity are numberless, and the ten-
dency seems to be for clubs to realize
this and turn their attention more and
more to civic affairs. The old literary
study club is being replaced by the civic
club."

The officers of the New Hampshire
Federation of Women's Clubs elected at
its annual meeting in May were : — -
President, Mrs. William B. Fellows,
Tilton : First Vice President, Mrs. Guv
S. Si)eare, Plymouth; Second Vice Ply-
President, Mrs. (jeorge F. Morris, Lan-
caster; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Grace
\V. lloskins of Lisbon; Corresponding
Secretary, Mrs. C. M. Ingalls of Tilton;
Treasurer, Mrs. James H. Weston of
Derry ; Auditor, Mrs. Harry W. Car-
penter of Milford.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Aktiiuk Iuhnson

Ralph Waldo Emerson once said,
as suddenly as the thought struck
him, when he and a friend of his,
who Iou'j: ago descrihed it to me,
were hunting for a lost poem to-
gether: "I should like to have an
anthology of the one-poem poets!" —
in sympathy with which fugitive
wish the jjoems to he puhlished un-
der this heading from month to month

have heen selected, though it is not
presumed their authors have not, in
some cases, written other poems
which to some tastes are of equal
or perhaps even greater merit. It is
prohahle that some at least of the
poems here puhlished will be collected
later in l)ook form,
he welcome.

Suggestions will

A. J.

WITH FLOWERS

By Emily Dickinson

If recollecting were forgetting,
Then 1 remember not ;

And if forgetting, recollecting,
J low near I had forgot!

And if to miss were merry,
And if to mourn were gay.

How very blithe the fingers
That gathered these to-day.

RENOUNCEMENT

By Alice Meynell

I must not ihink of thee; and, tired yet strong,
1 shun the thought that lurks in all delight —
1"he thought of thee — and in the blue heaven's height,

And in the sweetest passage of a song.

Oh, just beyond the fairest thoughts that throng

This breast, the thought of thee waits hidden yet bright;
But it must rever. never come in sight;

I must stop short (jf thee the whole day long.

But when sleep comes to close each difficult day.

When night gives pause to the long watch I keep,

-\nd all mv l)onds I needs must loose a])art.
Must dofif mv will as raiment laid awav.

With the first dream that comes with the first sleep
I run, I run, 1 am gather'd to thy heart

POEMS

331

THE WHARF RAT

By Fitz-James O'Brien

The wharf is silent and l)lack, and motionless lie the ships;
The el)l)-tide sucks at the piles with its cold and slimy lips ;
And down through the tortuous lane a sailor comes singing along,
And a girl in the Gallipagns isles is the hurden of his song.

Behind the white cotton hales a figure is crouching low ;

It listens with eager ears, as the straggling footsteps go.

It follows the singing sailor, stealing upon his track.

And when he reaches the riverside, the wharf rat's at his hack.

A man is missing next day, and a paragraph tells the fact ;
But the way he went, or the road he took, will never, never he tracked !
For the lips of the tide are dumh, and it keeps such secrets well.
And the fate of the singing sailor hoy the wharf rat alone can tell.

l^rtl^lf^

..•>

'■■ '* "'V- ^ .■'V^^

■'^■t'

Mr. Gould in a promising block of Mcintosh.

GOULD HILL FARM

How a Fine Apple Orchard Grew from Small Beginnings

By G. F. Potter

GOULD Hill Farm lies at the
summit of the great bluff east
of Contoocook, N. H. Through
the rows of fruit trees one may look
down into the valley with its winding
river and the white houses of the neat
New England village. Beyond, the
hills roll upward to the distant blue
summit of Mount Kearsarge.

One day in the summer of 1879 a
man drove his horse slowly up the
steep hill road and into the dooryard
of the farm. It was no other than
Charles H. Pettee, now Dean of the
University of New Hampshire, then
a young man just beginning his long
term of service with the institution.
His errand that afternoon was to gar-
ner one or two more students for the
little school then at Hanover. It was
before the days when agricultural
colleges were popular.

'T remember it as distinctly as if
it were yesterday," says Robert T,
Gould, the 18-year-old lad, whom
that afternoon the Dean sought to in-
terest in his school. But the boy was
not to go. Although he was fifth in
a family of seven, the older boys had
left the hillside farm. They had gone
as members of that army of the "Iron
Breed" which for years has flowed
from the hill farms of New England
into the ranks of business and pro-
fessional men of the cities. The
father, for forty years an old-fash-
ioned schoolmaster, was failing in
health and unable to take care of the
farm which had occupied his atten-
tion during the summers. Three
years later, at the age of twenty-one,
Robert took charge of the farm, and
when he was twenty-seven it became
his by agreement. This does not

GOULD HILL FARM

333

mean that he paid off the other heirs.
The care of the old folks went with
the farm and the responsibility was
greater than the value of the eighty
acres on the hill. The others simply
signed off without compensation.

In those days beef production had
been one of the leading lines of in-
dustry throughout the country, but
it had been overdone and become un-
profitable. The young man there-
fore turned to dairying as a most
promising line of business to make
the old farm pay. From .small be-
ginnings a herd of thirty to thirty-
hve (juernsey cows was built up.
With his own hands he made butter,
which was delivered to a private
trade in Concord for a period of fif-
teen years. Two things bespeak the
quality of the work which was put
into the industry. At the end of the
fifteen years the original customers
were still upon the list and Mr.
Gould still shows a bronze medal of
the World's Columbian Exposition.
His product stood third among all
samples of dairy butter exhibited at
this world's fair.

Good, but not exceptional returns
from the dairy business paid the way
and made it possible to build a new
home on the hill, a home constructed
with all the substantial honesty which
characterizes New England houses of
that period. When the responsibilit}'
of the parents was no longer upon his
shoulders, he brought his bride, to
this new home.

It was in 1901, that an almost ac-
cidental occurrence changed the
course of progress at Gould Hill
Farm. Here and there beside the
stone walls and in rocky places unfit
for other purposes, seedling apples
had sprung up and, with typical New
England thrift and skill, had been
grafted over to Baldwins. Mr. Gould
is still a master of the art of top-
working. Each year uncared for and
without encouragement these old
trees contributed a small amount to

the income of the farm, generally
enough to pay the taxes. But in the
spring of 1901 it happened that there
came a period when the other work
of the farm was done and Mr. Gould
and his hired man spent a day or two
HI pruning these old veterans. Then
they hauled out a few loads of stable
manure and scattered it about the
roots. A year later, responding to
the first encouragement that they had
ever known, the old trees produced
400 barrels of good Baldwin apples,
which returned an income of $800.
In 1903 they bore again and pro-
duced 300 barrels which sold for $700.
The sum of $1500 was not to be de-
spised and it seemed to have come al-
most as a gift.

Robert Gould was then more than
forty years of age. Many a man
would have hesitated to turn his hand
to the planting of a large orchard,
knowing that it would be many years
before his trees would reach their
prime. But one hundred Baldwins
were set out that year and the follow-
ing year one hundred Ben Davis.
The Ben Davis trees for one reason
or another failed to thrive and soon
were replaced with more Baldwins.
Two years later the borers came and
well-nigh nipped the new project in
the bud. They were discovered just
in time, the trees properly cared for
and the orchard continued to thrive.
Having set his hand to the plow Mr.
Gould never looked back. Steadily
year by year, the plantings were in-
creased, never by large amounts, fre-
quently two hundred trees a season,
until today 2200 trees crown the
crest of the bluff'.

Approximately one-half of these are
of the old standard Baldwin variety
which reaches perfection in this re-
gion. About 500 are of the newer
favorite, Mcintosh; and 400 of the
earlier variety. Wealthy. Approxi-
mately 150 Gravensteins, 50 Williams
Early and 30 Spy complete the list
of the varieties which are planted in

334

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Gould homestead: A home constructed with all the substantial honesty which

characterizes New England houses.

quantity, although there are repre-
sentatives of many others. At a re-
cent fair Gould Hill Farm was repre-
sented by a collection of twenty-
seven different kinds of fruit. "If I
were planting today," said Mr. Gould,
"I would plant Williams Early,
Gravenstein, Wealthy, Mcintosh and
Baldwan. This gives a succession of
varieties with which one may utilize
hi.s picking and packing crew from
August until the first of November."
As the orchard has grown, the at

the rush of orchard work makes it
impossible to do justice to the cows,
but most of the time the two in-
dustries go well together.

Practically all of the orchards are
now in sod, the .system of culture
which appears best adapted to the
rolling hillside orchards of Ne^v
Hampshire. Most of the trees were
cultivated during the first three to
four years after they were set out.
At the present time most authorities
recommend that trees in sod be fer-

tention given to the dairy necessarily tilized generously with nitrogen either

decreased. Still Mr. Gould does not
believe in having all his interests in
one line of fanning and a smaller herd
is still kept upon the farm. Today it
consists of sixteen pure-bred or high-
grade Guernsey cows all tested and
certified to be free from tuberculo-
sis. Within a short period it is
probable that this herd will be upon
the government accredited list. The
butter route was long since discon-
tinued and for inany years the pro-
duct of the herd has been .sold as
whole milk. There are times when

in the form of stable manure or as ar-
tificial fertilizer and this practice Mr.
Gould is following conscientiously
with the result that his trees are
thrifty and promising.

Although at the outset there were
relatively few insects and diseases to
affect the fruit, spraying soon became
an essential part of the fruit-growing
operations. The lad who was denied
a college course came to his state
institution and there gathered the es-
sentials of preparation and applica-
tion of sprays. For a number of

GOULD HILL FARM

335

■f:.

,/7

' T

i^K

,•

,Vii^,%

j^f

■'*•

/"• r?i^*v<

/. i :

t-zy.v.

'Jt*-~itt

'&■-■(

-. ^

■' ■' ■^'^*ri&^

j^^

-■*' •

-jt ;. • - T^TflK

3^ A

E^x

'"^"^mM

■•^^

Here are some of the original trees wliich started Mr. Gould in the fruit business.

years he was a regular attendant at
the one-week farmers' courses at the
college. His first sprayer was a bar-
rel pump, a small machine but effi-
cient in the hands of one who is not
afraid of work. When this had be-
come inadequate, there followed the
larger type of hand-lever pump af-
fording greater pressure and more
efficiency. As more trees came into
bearing, a 1^ H. P. sprayer was
used and at the present time Mr.
Gould has a large 4 H. P. machine
of the most modern type.

As the orchard on Gould Hill Farm
increased in size and importance it
came to the attention of the horti-
culturists at the State College, who
began to make a practice of visiting
it from time to time. Thus Mr.
Gould has had at his disposal the
best advice upon the various problems
which he has had to meet. He, him-
self, is a frequent visitor at the Uni-
versity campus at Durham and the
contact between the institution and
the farm has become closer as the
years go by.

In pruning Air. Gould has always
been conservative and it is of inter-

est to note that the best authorities
of the country now hold views very
similar to those to which he has con-
stantly adhered. To prune a tree un-
til the bearing area is very much re-
duced and to remove from it the fo-
liage which is essential to growth
and vigor is not now considered to be
the best practice. Careful, conscien-
tious thinning of those branches
which are so thick that they exclude
light from the bearing spurs has been
the policy pursued at Gould Hill
Farm.

From the beginning much of the
fruit from this farm has found its way
to the foreign markets. "R-T-G" is
a brand well and favorably known in
the markets of England. "Notwith-
standing that 25,000 barrels of apples
of foreign and domestic production
were on sale, yours brought the high-
est price of the day," wrote a proini-
nent Liverpool firm who have handled
the apples season after season. War
and post-war conditions have made it
impracticable to ship in recent years,
but still the buyers ask when they
will again see the "R-T-G" Brand.
Practically all the fruit has gone

336

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

from the farm in barrels honestly
and skilfully packed. At the pres-
ent time there is much interest
throughout New England, es-
pecially ni the territory which
markets through Boston agencies, in
the use of the new Boston box which
is of the same capacity as the oblong
western box in which Pacific Coast
fruit is regularly packed. Many
growers believe that the better
flavored fruit of New England, if
packed in a distinctive box with the
skill and care equal to that used by
western growers, will find an almost
unlimited market. This is especially
true for the earlier and dessert varie-
ties such as Wealthy and Mcintosh.
This package will probably be tried
for the first time this season on Gould
Hill Farm and the results will be of
interest.

Mr. Gould is very modest regarding
the returns from his orchard project;
but it need not be doubted that the
apple trees have paid and paid well.
Most of them are only now coming
into the prime of bearing and the best
days for this orchard are just ahead.
Production has reached 1500 barrels
per season, and much larger crops
will undoubtedly be harvested in the
immediate future.

The story of Gould Hill Farm is
of tremendous importance. The in-
come which this orchard has yielded
thus far is a small matter compared
to the value of the farm today. What
heir would now sign off, without
compensation, an interest in the mag-
nificent orchard on the bluffs above
Contoocook? It is of interest too
because it tells how little the trees
did until they were cared for and il-
lustrates what they may do on many
another New England farm if given a
chance. When given proper atten-
tion they instantly responded and
created a new industry more profita-
ble than any other which could be

pursued upon the hill top.

Generous, kind hearted, and modest
to the extreme, Mr. Gould has never
been a man to push himself forward.
V^arious organizations, however, have
recognized the value of the service
which he could render. For several
years he has been active in the Farm
Bureau movement, both in the local
organization of his own county and in
the State Federation. As occasion
has demanded he has traveled to va-
rious meetings of this organization,
even outside of New Hampshire. In
1922 when the office of President
of the State Horticultural Society be-
came vacant through the resignation
of Stanley K. Lovell of Goffstown,
Mr. Gould was chosen to head this
organization. About the same time
the State Department of Fisheries and
Game was in need of a man of ma-
ture judgment to estimate the damage
to the orchards of New Hampshire,
which had been done through dis-
budding by partridges in the winter
of 1921-22. Mr. Gould was engaged
for this work and gave his services
to it throughout the summer of 1922.
His position was one in which no man
could satisfy all parties concerned,
but the estimates which he made are
an example of extreme honesty and
fairness. The necessity of remaining
at home on account of a large apple
crop during the present season makes
it impractical for Mr. Gould to con-
tinue the work of last season. How-
ever, as head of the State Horticul-
tural Society he has given his labors
unstintedly during the winter to make
certain that the fruit growers of the
state will have a just adjustment of
their claims for losses which have
been serious during this past season.

We must honor Robert T. Gould
as a fruit grower, a generous friend
and as a man whose achievements
have demonstrated the possibilities
of New Hampshire hills.

■•^•«»-'ii.' ■*"•*.

.•*#.♦*. 4"

v«Pr

•.> ' -*f- ,

Five champions of the Putnaiii herd. These five cows lead any five cows
in any licrd in the state in l)Utter fat production.

A GOLD MINE IN JERSEYS

George M. Putnam's Herd of Chamj)ions

By H. Styles Bridges

ABOUT two miles from the village
of Contoocook on the main road
to Concord, is located the Mt.
Putney Farms, the home of as fine a
herd of purehrcd Jersey cattle as can he
found in the s<:ate of New Hampshire,
and without question one of the leading
herds in the New England states.
George M. Putnam the proprietor of
these farms, is a man well known
throughout the country. The farms are
made up of what were formerly three
farms, the original farm has been in the
Putnam family s'nce 1863, being pur-
chased at that time by Mr. Putnam's
father. This farm is a historic spot,
being on the site of the old Putney
Tavern on the stage route between Ver-
mont and Boston, in the days before
railroads came into fashion. The farms
comprise over two hundred and fifty
acres of which seventy-five acres are
tillage. The buildings are typical of
what may be found on many New
Hampshire farms.

The history of purebred livestock on
Mt. Putney farms dates back some
twenty-five or thirty years to a time
when the dairy cattle on this farm were
grades and were not producing and re-
turning the revenue they should. Mr.
Putnam realized this fact and decided
to start anew with purebreds. He made
a start with Devons, but in a few years
disposed of them, and, after some de-
liberation and thought, chose Jerseys'^
because to his mind they were the most
economical producers of butter fat. His
record in late years has amply justified
this earlv judgment.

Mr. Putnam began the breeding of
purebred Jersevs in 1904, at that time
purchasing four heifer calves from one
of the best Jersey herds in New Eng-
land, following this the next year, with
a purchase of a purebred bull, strong in
St. Lambert blood, from one of the lead-
insr herds in New York. His second sire
was from the famous Dreamwold herd
of Thomas W. Lawson. This bull was

338

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

"Colonel Lee's Janet" state champion Jersey cow for all ages in milk production.
Taken after finishing }ear's test. Held by George M. Putnam, Proprietor.

a double grandson of Flying Fox, and
a grandson of Fygis, the first prize cow
at the St. Louis World Fair. The blood
of this bull nicked finely with that of
the daughters of the first sire, and it is
the result of this cross that is largely
responsible for the many enviable re-
cords now held l)y animals in the Mt.
Putnev herd. His third sire used in

"Pretty Maid's Inez"

the development of the present herd was
one that combined the blood of the pre-
vious herd sires, and that of the now
famous Owl Interest family. The pres-
ent herd, built up from the foundation
females, purchased in 1904 and 1905,
and three herd sires purchased at later
intervals, is one of the verv best in the
country. The herd comprises about
ninety animals, and holds the
majority of the state cham-
pionship for the Jersey breed.
Cows in this herd hold the
Jersey cow butter fat champ-
ionships of all ages, the
mature Jersey cow butter fat
championship, the mature Jer-
sey cow milk championship,
and also the Jersey cow milk
^r^^f^ championshii) for all ages, the
..■^''!^ senit)r four-year old Jersey
cow butter fat championship,
the Jersey cow senior two-year
old butter fat championship.
Members of this herd won the
first two gold medals ever
awarded New Hampshire Jer-

A GOLD MINE OF JERSEYS

339

"Clever Little Lady" — state Champion Jersey cow for all ages in butterfat production.
Taken after finishing test. Held by Edward Clay, herdsman.

seys. and at present the herd is
credited with two gold medals and an-
other gold medal already qualified
for, and one silver medal. The herd
herd also has the distinct honor
of having the only cow in the state,
Dream's Miss Jane, that holds hoth
a gold and silver medal. Clever Litttle
Lady, one of the greatest cows
of the breed and the first gold
medal cow in New Hampshire,
is holder of the Jersey state
championship in butter fat pro-
duction for all ages. She is
the only cow of any breed in
New Hampshire ever to pro-
duce over seven hundred
pounds fat in two consecutive
years ; her records were 767.99
and 728.89 pounds of butter
fat. She was also the leader
in butterfat production of all
breeds in cow test work in the
state for year ending 1923.
She has the distinct honor of
being the only state champion
cow that has a daughter who "Oxford

is holder of a state championship.
Colonel Lee's Janet, another very re-
markable cow has just finished a record
of 14,412 i)otmds milk and 704.27
pounds butterfat, taking the Jersey
State championship in milk production
from one of the cows in the herd
of Ex-Governor Robert P. Bass. She

Owl's Clever Lucy" — State Champion
Jersey Senior two year-old.

340

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

has qualified for a gold medal, cutive committee of the American Farm
Oxford Owl's Clever Lucy, a daugh- Bureau Federation, member of sub-com-
ter of Clever Little Lady, is one of the mittee American Farm Bureau Federa-
most promising younger members of the tion in charge of its principal project,
herd holding the state butter fat champ- co-operative marketing, president Mer-
ionship as a senior two-year old, with rimack Farmers' Exchange, president
a record of 7.312 pounds of milk, and of the Concord Dairy Company, direc-
tor of the New
England Milk
Producers, As-
sociation, and
treasurer of
the Granite
State Dairy-
men's Associa-
tion.

Mr. Putnam
has been for-
tunate during
the past few
years in hav-

472.66

pounds

of butter fat

and

whose

average

test

for the year

was 6.46 7o.

Five

cows in

this

herd:

Clever

Little

Lady,

Dream's

Miss

Jane,

Pretty

Maid's

Inez,

Colonel

Lee's

Janet,

a n d

June

Molly

Figgis,

"Dream's Miss Jane." The only Jersey cow in New
Hampshire to have won both a gold and a silver medal.

hold the state
record for but-
ter fat produc-
tion for any five cows in any herd in the
state. Their records are as follows :

Milk Butterfat

June Molly Figgis
Pretty Maid's Inez
Colonel Lee's Janet
Clever Little Lady
Dream's Miss Jane

11,404

545.16

10,401

576

14,412

704.27

12,456

767.99

12,752

718.76

ing as a herds-
man, a very
c o m p e t e n t
man in Ed-
ward H. Clay.
Mr. Clay's skill as a feeder and care-
taker has much to do with the fine
record of the Putnam herd.

One of the things that has helped Mr.
Putnam in the selection of his stock and
in the building up of his present herd,

is, that since 1904. each milking from
Mr. Putnam states that he has always every cow has been weighed as regular

borne three things in mind in building
up this truly wonderful herd. They are
production, size, and dairy conforma-
tion, and no one who views this herd
and sees the records made can doubt
this, for practically every animal is a
living proof of the principle he has fol-
lowed.

Mr. Putnam, besides his farm duties,
takes a great interest in public affairs,
and is considered one of the most prom-

as clock-work, tests made for butter fat
monthly, and feed records computed.

The present herd is a combination of
Owl Interest, St. Lambert, Oxford Lad,
and PTying Fox blood and to which Mr.
Putnam will introduce still more Owl
Interest blood, because he feels that the
ordinary farmer, dependent upon pro-
duction for profits, can best secure it in
the blood of this famous family. To
carry out this idea, he recently purchas-

inent agricultural leaders of the coun- ed, at the Sibley Farms, the foundation

try. He is rendering a great service to head of Owl Interest Jerseys, a young

the agricultural world, and holds many bull to be the future herd sire

positions of trust and honor, serving as of Mt. Putney Farms. This young

president of the New Hampshire Farm
Bureau Federation, member of the exe-

sn-e is an excellent individual show-

ing

fine

conformation, being backed

A GOLD MINE OF JERSEYS

341

by animals of greit production, head many of the best Jersey herds of
Very few herds in this country, have the state, and everywhere Mt. Putney
records that rank better as far as butter- Jerseys reside will be found records in
fat tests are concerned than the Putnam the economical production of butterfat.
herd. The average test runs around The Putnam herd is a fine example of
5.5 ; many of the individual animals how a farmer of ordinary means can
testing between 6 and 7 per cent as a develop a purebred herd at compara-
yearly average, and often individuals lively small cost. This can be attribut-
run up as high as 8 or 9 per cent at vari- ed to Mr. Putnam's excellent judgment
ous times in their lactation period. in the breeding of Jerseys ; and by the in-
One thing that appeals to every farm- troduction of new blood through the pur-
er familiar with this herd, is the fact chase of purebred sires backed by high
that all records have been produced un- production, and not by purchasing high-
der ordinary farm conditions, such as priced females as is the plan followed
can be duplicated on practically all New on many farms ; keeping careful records
Hampshire farms, and still another of the production of each individual
l)oint of interest is the fact that every animal and eliminating all except the
individual in this herd that holds a re- most profitable producers. One of the
cord or championship has been bred and best proofs of the standard reached at
reared on Mt. Putney Farms. these farms can be gained from one of
All the roughage fed is produced on the pictures in connection with this arti-

the farm. This consists chiefly of clover
and mixed hay, corn silage and some
root crops. Potatoes and other cash
crops are raised as a side line.

The dairy products are marketed in

cle. showing the five cows who have
produced, under ordinary farm condi-
tions, 61,425 pounds of tnillfl, and
3.312.18 pounds of butterfat in one year.
The animals of the herd all show ex-

the near-by city of Concord, and are cellent dairy conformation and quality

sold to the Concord Dairy Company, the and are exceptionally large for animals

Farmers' co-operative dairy that has of this breed, and to go with this, they

recently been formed in that city, and are all producers.

of which Mr. Putnam is president. Every lover of good stock, and es-

The surplus young stock is readily pecially Jersey enthusiasts, should make

disposed of, for out-of-state as well as a trip to Mt. Putney farms, for right

New Hampshire Jersey breeders look here in New Hampshire on this hillside

with favor on this herd, and are eager farm, we find one of New England's

to introduce this blood into their own finest herds of dairy cattle and a real

herds. Young bulls from this herd gold mine in Jerseys.

"THREE SENTINELS OF THE NORTH"

Mr. William Sidney Rossiter presi-
dent of the Rumford Press and Asso-
ciate Editor of the Granite Monthly,
has an article in the July Atlantic
Monthly, which should be widelv read
in New Hampshire. Its title. "Three
Sentinels of the North." refers to the
three North New England states. Mr.
Rossiter points out the decadence of these
states and its reasons. Then, with busi-
nesslike precision he outlines a con-

structive remedy. The foundation of
this remedy is in the love of hill folk
for their hills.

"There's no escaping the fact that the
man born in a land where he looks ofif
at the sunrise or sunset across wide-
sweeping hills and valleys, or watches
the clouds break on the mountain-tops,
is different from the dweller on the
plains ; and wherever you place him, he
never forgets the old place."

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST

Conducted by Vivian Savacool

Old Crow

By Alice Brown
The Macmillan Co.

PERHAPS the first thing to say
about "Old Crow" is that it is a
thoughtful book. It deals with
characters who by the depth and quality
of their thinking force us to face their
problems and think too. The author
presents to us John Raven, a man about
forty-five years old, home again in Bos-
ton after service overseas with the Am-
bulance Corps. Raven expected to find
the high ideals, the visions, and the
dreams of the World War made per-
manent through the supreme sacrifice of
millions. We all know what he did
find and have felt with him regret for
the lost idealism, but his disappointment
was more destructive to his peace of
mind than ours because of his unusual
sensitiveness to the suffering of others,
which all his life has dominated his ac-
tions. In the case of Anne for instance,
who, although she is dead before the
story begins, continues to influence the
lives of those who knew her as force-
fully as when living. Raven, since he
could not return her love, did all in his
power to please her and save her further
suffering.

Raven's reaction to the war takes the
form of a complete dissolution of his
religious beliefs. The world seems to
him a cruel place filled with fear. Every-
thing is an indictment against God who
allows suffering, who made men un-
merciful to one another, and with men
and animals alike pitted the strong
against the weak. Only Nan, Anne's
niece, who served with Raven in France,
who loved him as a child and continues
to love him as a woman, can understand
his mental turmoil and his decision to
retire from life by going to Wake Hill
his childhood home. One of the gleams
of fun ill the book is the way in which

Raven's decision is interpreted by
Amelia his sister and her son, Dick.
They believe him to be suffering from
shell shock and assume a patient watch-
fulness and forbearance which is as
amusing to the reader as it is exasper-
ating to Raven. Another smile, with
which however admiration is mingled,
comes when we meet Charlotte and
Jerry, the caretakers of Raven's farm,
who through their stability and love help
Raven out of his painful maze.

But Raven, retiring from life to es-
cape its suffering, found what he consid-
ered the most awful of all indictments
against God, Tira. Tira was a woman
so beautiful that she must always be the
prey of men, so good that she could only
find suffering in her beauty and in the
insane jealousy it incited in her husband.
( )ur horror for Tenney is mingled with
pity for a man whose self-control is in-
adequate to restrain his emotions, in
whom understanding and trust form no
part in the love he bears his wife. From
his over-powering jealousy Tira des-
perately tries to protect her baby, far
dearer to her than her own life.

On a nearby hilltop is a hut built for
a home by Raven's uncle, who was
thought crazy and called Old Crow,
partly in ridicule, partly in love, by the
people he devoted his life to helping.
The climax and greatest strength of
the book lie in the journal of Old Crow
which he wrote for "the boy," little
Raven, to explain to him when he grew
up why he had left the world, what he
had found out about God and eternal
life, — in short, to pass on to Raven the
asurance he had found that "God is.
He lives, and is sorry." Raven finds
that, just as Old Crow, through drunk-
en Billy Jones, found the truth, so he

BOOKS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE INTEREST 343

in the hut through service to Tira, Ten- doubt with which the world seethes, has

ney, and Eugene Martin can at last stirred you, you will be helped as Raven

reconcile the world and God. was by Old Crow's sweet philosophy.

Through all the story of Raven's dif- If your faith has remained firm, you

liculties the lives of the other characters will find in "Old Crow" new courage

are skillfully woven contributing to his and inspiration to answer those who

life and developing individually until constantly attack your l)eliefs, disturb-

they all emphasize the point made by ing your peace because of your inability

Old Crow that God is found through to answer their doubts satisfactorily to

service to others. yourself and to the inner feelings we

If the complications of post-war con- have which are very much stronger

ditions, the restless uncertainty and than reason.

THE EDITOR STOPS TO TALK

About the Best Mountains

(•(•'^7'ES, it's a good mountain," said their mountain was the one which

I the north-country man, as he brought luck to the U. S. navy. Which

looked appraisingly at the rough county was right? The controversy

old mountain giant who is the leading smouldered for a long time, but came

social lion of the summer coteries at to debate at last on the floor of the New

]VIarll)oro, Jafi'rey. l)ul)lin and vicinity. Ham^jshire Legislature. A proposition

"Yes, it's a good mountain. But we've to change the name of the Carroll Coun-

got a Monadnock uj) our way — just over ty Kearsarge brought a protest on the

the Vermont line it is — that's a sight ground that the battleship had been

better mountain." named for the mountain and the people

"You mean higher?" we asked. were proud of the fact. At this Mer-

"No, better." rimack County arose and disputed the

"More beautifully shaped?" claim. Not Carroll but Merrimack had

"Just better." the right to glory in that victory.

And, although we smiled at the in- The upshot of the matter was that the

definiteness of his comparison, we un- Hon. Gideon Welles, ex-secretary of the

derstood. Who does not know that Navy, was called upon to settle the dis-

some mountains are better than others? ])ute. He recalled that the naming of

And their relative value doesn't depend the sloop-of-war Kearsarge had been in

on height or contour, either. It's a sub- the hands of his assistant secretarv. Mr,

tie thing, to be sensed, not explained. G. V. Fox. Mr. Fox was approached

and his opinion, handed down with

judicial pomp, definitely supported the
It took the solemn statements of a claims of the Carroll County, Kearsarge.
Secretary of the United States Navy "Taking everything into considera-
and his Assistant Secretary to settle one tion," he said, "it is uncjuestionably the
question of the relative claims of two finest mountain in New Hampshire."
New Hampshire mountains. Why? When Mr. Fox was a small
Back in 1864, the rebel crusier Ala- boy his father took him to North Con-
bama was sunk by the Union ship Kcar- way for a visit of several days. They
sarge. The victor ship was named for climbed Mount Kearsarge together, and
a New Hampshire mountain. But there that was the boy's first mountain ex-
are two Kearsarges and both Merrimack perience. Of course there could be no
County and Carroll County claimed that "lietter mountain" for him after that.

344

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

To our knowledge that's the only
time two New Hampshire mountains
have figured in poHtics. But we see no
reason why the political parties should
not make more use than they do of the
natural partisanship engendered by the
relative merits of mountains. Once in
a while one meets indifiference similar to
that of the farmer who refused to get
excited over the beauty of the sunset —

"That's just one o' them red 'n' yaller
sunsets. We have 'em right along up
here."

But for the most part you touch a
responsive chord when you praise a
man's pet mountain. Can you imagine
a resident of Jaffrey voting against a
party whose platform declared that
Mcnadnock was the best mountain in
the state ? Does it not fire your imagi-
nation to think of the Republican co-
horts marching to the polls cheering.
"Cardigan, Cardigan, Rah, Rah, Rah."

to be met by the Democrats vigorously
shouting for "Cho — Cho — Cho-Cho-co-
ru-a?"

In some c}uarters of one party at
least the hope is being expressed that
the issues of the next campaign shall
deal with internal rather than interna-
tional affairs. An issue based on the
relative merits of mountains ought to
fill the requirements. — H. F. M.

Announcements

The Granite Monthly takes pleas-
ure in announcing that Mr. Norris H.
Cotton of Warren has joined the stafif
of the magazine as circulation and ad-
vertising manager. Mr. Cotton was a
member of the Legislature this winter
and. although one of the youngest mem-
bers of the House, his work created
much favorable comment.

OUR CONTRIBUTORS

In This Issue

How shall we win the next election?
is a question which is exercising the
minds of both parties already. Three
Republicans answer the question for the
Republican party. "More party loyal-
ty," says George H. Moses. Senior Sen-
ator from New Hampshire ; "Young
blood," says Major Frank Knox, Edi-
tor of the Manchester Union; "A for-
ward looking policy." says Hon. Frank
Musgrove. proprietor of the Dartmouth
Press and publisher of the Hanover
Gazette. Which one is right ?

the Boston Art Museum School and at
The New York Art League. After com-
pleting her course she worked for some
time in a costuming studio in New York.

Grant Carpenter Manson is a Wil-
liams College man who knows at first
hand the country about which he writes
in "The Road to Lariat," his home
being in Michigan.

Teaching classes and managing >the
University poultry farm have not kept
Prof. A. W. Richardson from making
a defvnite personal contact with hun>-
dreds of poultrymen throughout the
state. Most of them know him fondly
as "Red" — partly because of his par-
tiality to the Rhode Island breed and
partly because of the color of his hair.

Miss Elizabeth Shurtleff. of Con-
cord, whose drawings are to be a regular
feature of the pages devoted to the "One
Poem Poet Anthology," studied art at

Coming to New Hampshire three
years ago from Wisconsin, Prof. G. F.
Potter, head of the University Horti-
cultural Department, at once stepped in-
to a position of leadership in the or-
chard industry of the state. Although
a young man. he is already winning
national recognition for important re-
search work in this field.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

A Page of Clippings

The Value of a Straw Vote

Straw votes for President are now
on. A straw vote is as easy and just as
reliable as is a guess what weather con-
ditions will he a year hence. A person
can hring about a straw vote in favor of
anv individual or poh'cy if he only sends
his questionnaires to the right parties.
As a rule the result of straw votes is
pretty sure to indicate the state of mind
of the promoter.

— SonicrsivortJi Free Press

Who Against Harding?

A Boston newspaper man, in town
this week, wanted to know who was
New Hampshire's candidate for the
Democratic presidential nomination ;
what was thought here of the Henry
Ford candidacy ; how many friends
besides Gordon Woodbury has Wil-
liam G. McAdoo in New Hampshire ;
does the strong commendation of
Governor Al Smith's course by Na-
tional Committeeman Murchie offset
the very "dry" position taken by
State Chairman Jackson?

A Concord man recently returned
from a trip to the Pacific Coast, who
made it a point to read as many
local newspapers as possible along
the way. found some reference .to
the Henry Ford candidacy in every
one of them ; most of the comments
unfavorable to the candidacy, but
giving it free advertising nevertheless.

Democrats say that the interest
taken in the matter of the presi-
dential nominee of their party indi-
cates a general belief that whoever he
may be he will be successful at
the polls in November, 1924. Re-
publicans, most of them, reply that
the reason why less talk is heard
as to their candidate is because it is
practically certain that President Hard-

ing will be renominated and re-elected.

But when New Hampshire holds
the first presidential primary of 1924
we look for a large amount of inter-
est in it all over the country on the
part of both Democrats and Repub-
licans. At any rate it will give us
a chance to sec whether or no as
New Hampshire goes, so goes the
nation. — Concord Monitor

The Canaan Fire

Canaan has general sympathy in the
grievous loss it sustained last Saturday
by a fire which swept its main village,
consuming railroad station, the town's
chief manufactory, hotel, churches, and
scores of other buildings. Generous aid
was quickly forthcoming. To the direct
])roperty loss, approximately half a
million, must be added that from sus-
pended business and the expected profits
from summer visitors. Another loss of
no slight magnitude is that of the beau-
tiful trees which lined the streets. They
cannot soon be replaced. The Canaan
fire has its lesson for every community,
and that is that every precaution should
be taken against the outbreak of fire.
— Exeter News Letter

Those who are of the opinion that
with the close of the war the Red
Cross became an un',neoessary organi-
zation should take notice of the relief
it gave to stricken Canaan. The
New England division, American Red
Cross, has presented Canaan with a
check for $5,000; and the rehabilita-
tion committee will assist the families
to re-establish themselves. The check
was payable to the Lebanon chapter,
as the first installment of such sum as
may be necessary to carry out the
relief work. Mrs. R. W. Husband of
Hanover, division field representative
and chairman of the Hanover branch

346

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

of the Red Cross; Arthur H. Hough,
treasurer of the Lehanon chapter, and
Mrs. J. B. Wallace of the Canaan
branch, have been appointed a com-
mittee to have charge of administrat-
ins: the fund. Canaan also receives
over a thousand dollars from Concord.
It is expected that the $10,000 will he
available through the Red Cross by
the end of this week.

— Bristol Enterprise

esting things will be found when they
are published.

Franklin Journal Transcript

The Gypsy Moths

Now here comes a correspondent in
the News and Critic and stirs us all
up with the prediction of a poor l)lue-
berrv croj) this summer. The gypsy
moths, he says, are i)laying havoc with
the blueberry bushes, as well as with
the apple trees. Darn the gypsy moths.
This is the worst blow they've deallt
us vet. — Rochester Courier

Who Pays the Fme?

Some rather queer things are being
told about the few laws passed at the
last session of the state legislature.
It looks as if some one put something
over on the members. For instance
the law against changing time was
supposed to be strengthened -by add-
ing a fine of $500 for every clock pub-
liclv exposed which was set according
to daylight saving. The fine is to be
assessed against the city, and when
paid, goes back to the city. There-
fore, if the city employs its own offi-
cers to serve the papers, its own
solicitor to prosecute the case, and
tries it in its own municipal court.
we fail to see how the city is greatly
punished, whether there be one or a
hundred clocks exposed. Another
law, which no one this way appears
to know anj-tliing about, will greatly
increase the number of town poor and
decrease the number that can be
charged to the county. The printed
laws have not yet been announced,
but it is rumored that other inter-

Hours of Labor

The ever-existent question of
hours of labor has attained fresh
l)rominence throughout the country
by the declaration of Elbert H. Gary
that the employment of steel mill
workers in twelve hour shifts will
continue. Against this decision im-
mediate and vigorous protest is
made by the Federation of Churches
on the gound of the moral and
spiritual degradation, as well as the
cruel physical exhaustion, which such
hours of labor entail.

Charles Rumford Walker of Con-
cord stated the issue in the most suc-
cinct manner possible when, in his book,
"Steel," he quoted one of his fellow-
workers as declaring in regard to this
twelve hour shift and its accompanying
high wages, "To hell with the money.
No can live."

The steel industry in America is of
very great importance. It is a large
factor in the industry and prosperity of
our nation. But no industry is great
enough or important enough or essential
enough to justify murder. And that
is what the twelve hour shift in the steel
mills amounts to.

Judge Gary is an able man. Perhaps
if he knew both sides of this question
as thoroughly as he knows one side he
might change his decision as to the
necessit}' and advisability of the twelve
hour shift. He is too old a man to try
the twelve hour shift himself. But pos-
sibly there is some young man in whom
he is deeply and personally interested
who would go through it as Charles
Walker did. If such an experiment
could be conducted we believe that at
its end Judge Gary would say in regard
to his profits and his workers "To hell
with the money. Let them live."

— Concord Monitor

OUR EDITORIAL BOARD

Prominent Men Who Will Help Shape the Policy
of the Granite Monthlv

TO make the ^
G R A N I T E

Month l y
a magazine truly
representative of
the varied life of
New Hampshire is
the single aim of its
publishers. In work-
ing out this policy
the small group up-
on whom falls the
task of planning
and preparing the
magazine have felt
the need of counsel
from the men and
women who stand
out as leaders of New Hampshire af-
fairs. This counsel we have askied,
and the response to our request has been
generous beyond our hopes. We are
very glad to introduce our new board
of Associate Editors, who will help us
determine the policy of the magazine
and work with us in making the Gran-
ite Monthly an increasing power for
the best good of New Hampshire. The
names of all the Associate Editors are
too familiar to need more than a brief
word of introduction.

Two college presidents head the list :
President Ralph D. Hetzel of New
Hampshire University, and President
Ernest M. Hopkins of Dartmouth.
Then come two lawyers of prominence:
John McLane of Manchester, son of ex-
Governor McLane, and one of New
Hampshire's Rhodes Scholars, and El-
win L. Page of Concord, who dur-
ing some months of last year acted as
editor of this magazine. Harlan Pear-
son of the Concord Monitor, is known
to all Granite Monthlv readers as

The

Granite Monthly

Edith Bird Bass Publisher

Helen F. McMillin Managing Editor

NoRRis H. Cotton Advertising and Cir-
culation Manager

Associate Editors

Ralph D. Hetzel Harlan Pearson
Ernest M. Hopkins George M. Putnam
John McLane Wm. S. Rossiter

Elwin L. Page Eaton Sargent
John G. Winant

one-time editor of
the magazine ; we
count ourselves for-
tunate that his ad-
vice is still to be a
factor in shaping its
policy.

The President of
the Farm Bureau,
George M. Putnam,
who is introduced at
length on another
page in this issue,
stands out as a
leader in New
Hampshire agricul-
tural affairs. William
— V

S. Rossiter, Presi-
dent of the Rum ford Press, has been
instrumental in making Concord, N. H.,
the largest center of migazine i)ublishing
in New England ; he is also president of
the American Statistical Association and
has this month contributed to the At-
lantic Monthly a study of Northern
New England, which is scholarly and
penetrating. Eaton Sargent of Nashua
is president of the New Hampshire
Manufacturers Association ; his own
business in the White Mountain Freezer
Company, situated in Nashua. John G.
Winant, formerly Vice Rector of St.
Paul's School and member of several
Legislative sessions in both House and
Senate, is a young man whose influence
is making itself felt throughout the
state.

With the help of these men, repre-
senting New Hamoshire's industry and
farming, her professional and academic
life, we feel sure that the Granite
Monthly is going forward to a very
l)right and promising future.

— The Editor

A PREFACE FOR ANY BOOK

By Carl Holliday

A thousand tiiiics these things were said

Ere tJiey zvere zvritten here.
When slaves to Cleopatra read
From talilets baked, she doubtless heard
C)ld tales of lovers, or some word
Of battles gory and their dead.
But what of that? Think you she'd sneer,
"A thousand times these things were said
Ere they were written here?"

A thousand times these things zvere said
Ere they zvere written here.

When Plato sat with bowed head

In columned Athens long ago

And, with his finger lifted — so,

Explained the parchment as he read,

Did he remark with cynic leer,

"A thousand times these things were said
Ere they were written here?"

A thousand times these things zvere said

Ere they zvere zvritten here.
Aye, so they were, and ere time's sped
Will oft be told by other bards.
But what of that? The playing cards
Of this old game called Life, when spread,
Show forms unchanged — yet how we peer !
A thousand times these things were said

Ere they were written here.

NEW HAMPSHIRE NECROLOGY

OLIVER J. PELREN

Probably no man in New Hampshire
had a wider acquaintance among the trav-
eHng public in New Hampshire than Oliver
J. Pelren, manager of the Eagle and Phe-
nix Hotels in Concord, who died June 4,
after an illness of some months.

Born in Concord in 1856, Mr. Pelren be-
gan his hotel career very early, starting as
bell-boy in the Phenix hotel when he was
fourteen years of age. In 1890 he became
manager of the Eagle and Phenix hotels.
During those days made famous by Win-
ston Churchill's books, when the politics
of New Hampshire were managed from a
room in the Eagle. Mr. Pelren naturally
became a prominent figure in state affairs
and the stories which he told of those old
campaigns were many and fascinating. For
the most part he preferred his position on
the sidelines to any active part in political
affairs, but he did serve as a representative
in the legislature of 1899.

For many years Mr. Pelren served as
president of the New Hampshire Hotel-
man's Association. He was a member of
the Wonolancet and Snowshoe Clubs in
Concord, the Derryfield Club in Manches-
ter and of the Councord Council, Knights
of Columbus, and a charter member of the
local lodge of Elks.

He is survived by a son, Harry J. Pelren,
and a grandson.

EDWARD E. BROWN
Edward E. Brown, for many years man-
ager of the Durgin Silver Company, died
June 3 at his home in Concord. Mr. Brown
was born in Concord and educated in the
Concord schools and in Colby Academy.
He was employed for a few years by the
Boston and Maine, but began his work for
the William B. Durgin Company in 1898.
When he was forced to retire because of
failing health two years ago he held the
position of manager and member of the
board of directors.

Mr. Brown is survived by his second
wife, Mrs. Josephine Shine Brown, and Jjy
the two sons of his first wife, Robert Web-
ster Brown and Richard Webster Brown.

DR. HARRY W. ORR

On the eve of his 69th birthday anni-
versary, Dr. Harry W. Orr, a member of
the Old Time Telegraphers, and for twenty-
five years connected with the Associated
Press and International News Service, died
May 21 at his farm in Marlow. Before Dr.
Orr took up newspaper telegraph work,
he practiced dentistry in western Pennsyl-
vania. He was a graduate of the Philadel-
phia Dental College. His widow and one
son survive him.

MISS ARIANA S. DUDLEY
Miss Ariana S. Dudley died in Concord
May 31 at the age of 72 years. She was
born in Brentwood and had been a Concord

resident for thirty-five years. She was one
of the earliest graduates of Robinson Fe-
male Seminary of Exeter. She is survived
by one brother, S. S. Dudley of Brent-
wood.

JOHN W. SPINNEY

John Wallace Spinney, who has con-
ducted a blacksmith shop in Dover for
more than thirty years, died at his home
on June first at the age of sixty-three years.
He was born in Nova Scotia and came to
Dover forty years ago. He was a mem-
ber of Dover Lodge of Elks; Mt. Pleasant
Lodge of Odd Fellows; Wonolancet Tribe
Red Men; Dover Grange and Purity Lodge
Rebekahs. He leaves a wife, one son and
two daughters.

GEORGE S. LOCKE

On June 1, George Sheldon Locke, a life-
long resident of Penacook, died in that town
at the age of 6i years. Mr. Locke or-
ganized the Fisherville Saw Company. He
was a member of Horace Chase Lodge A.
F. & A. M., Trinity Royal Arch Ciiapter,
and Mt. Horeb Commandery, K. T. His
widow and a sister survive him.

GEORGE McDUFFEE

On June 3, Rochester lost by death one
of her most valued citizens, a man who
had been for many years prominent in
business and public affairs, George
McDuffee.

Mr. McDuffee was born in Rochester,
January 9, 1845, the eighth son of John
and Joanna Hanson McDuffee. He was
educated in the Rochester schools and New
Hampton Literary Institute. In 1879 he
formed a partnership with John Hansconi
and for many years they conducted a grain,
lumber and grocery business. This busi-
ness was the oldest in Rochester and con-
tinued for over fifty years.

Mr. McDuffee was prominent in Masonic
affairs; a member of Humane Lodge, A. F.
and A. M.; Temple Chapter, R. A. M.;
Orient Council Royal and Select Masters;
James Farrington Chapter, O. E. S.; and
Palestine Commandery, K. T. He was
first treasurer of the Knights Templar.

For many years he was director of the
Rochester National Bank, an institution
founded by his father. He was affiliated
with the Congregational Church.

He leaves a widow and one son.

CLINTON S. MASSECK
Clinton S. Masseck died at his summer
residence at the Weirs, June 2, at the age
of sixty years. Although a native of
Lowell, Mass., most of Mr. Masseck's life
was spent in New Hampshire and for more
than thirty years he was interested in the
Weirs. For the last seventeen years he
has conducted the Weirs Gift Shop. He was
fond of travel and had traveled widely. He
leaves a widow, one son, and three sisters.

HISTORY

of the Town of Sullivan, New Hampshire

Volume II is entirely devoted to family histories, carefixlly prepared
and containing a vast amount of useful information for the historian,
genealogist and Sullivan's sons and daughters and their descendents, now
living in all parts of the country, the genealogies, in many instances, tracing
the family back to the emigrant ancestor.

Sales to State Libraries, Genealogfical Societies and individuals have
brought to Mr. Whitcomb, the executor, unsolicited letters of appreciation
of this great work. Send orders to

J. FRED WHITCOMB, Ex'r.
45 Central Square, Keene, N H.

Please mention thb gbanitb monthly in Writing Advertisers.

Vol. 55. No. 8

THE

August, 1923

GRANITE

..S>

MONXJiLY

.^^1

>^T^^^^^->^>^v^^w^.'^vs^^w?:?=?:;siK^^-^^^

^«fe#^

To Hl5S TUNNEFi /'R0^7

t.C.TARBELL

Ty:

i
f

PORTSMOUTH'S TERCENTENARY POSTER

In This Issue-WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR RAILROADS?

20 cents per copy $2.00 per year

Edson C. Eastman Co.

PUBLISHERS

BOOKSELLERS

STATIONERS

120 No. Main St.
CONCORD, - N. H.

The S. D. Shoe

FOR

Sent direct from factory to wearer
by parcel post C. O. D. Price $3.75
plus postage.

RUBBERHIDE CO.,

683 Atlantic Avenue,
BOSTON, MASS.

Makers of:
Boys' Shoes

Men's High Grade Work Shoes
Rubberhide Boots (leather soled)
Catalogues sent on request

Life and Accident Insurance
United in One Policy

T^HIS substantial New Hampshire institution, officered and directed
"'' by New Hampshire men, operating under the direct supervision of
the New Hampshire Insurance Department, subject to the rigid require-
ments of the New Hampshire insurance law, furnishes a combination
of life and accident msurance in one policy which cannot be dupli-
cated by any other company doing business in this state. Why should
New Hampshire people look elsewhere?

What we do for one premium and in one policy;

$5,000.00, death from any cause.

$10,000.00, death from any accident.

$15,000.00, death from certain specified accidents.

$50.00 per week for total disability resulting from accident.

Every dollar of the policyholder's interest as represented by the reserves calculated
by the Insurance Department, on deposit with the State of New Hampshire.

A Splendid Opportunity for Successful Agents

UNITED LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

UNITED LIFE BUILDING, CONCORD, N. H.

Please Mention the granite monthly in Writing Advertisers.

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

A NEW HAMPSHIRE MAGAZINE

Published Monthly at Concord, N. H.
Bv THE GRANITE MONTHLY COMPANY

Contents
AUGUST 1923

The Month in New Hampshire 353

What Seiall We Do With Ocr Railroads ? //. F. M 355

How Dover Grew 361

The Savings Bank Centennial James O. Lyford 365

An Anthology of One Poem Poets 370

An Orchard and a College Education G. F. Potter 372

Where the Past Lives Still 376

Farmers' and Home-AL^kers' Week Henry Bailey Stevens. . . . 380

A New Hampshire Crusader .V. H. C 383

The High School Essay Contest Erx^'in F. Keene 384

A Kitchen of 1825 in a Thriving New England Town 390

What Qualities AL\ke for Success? 394

Books of New Hampshire Interest 396

The Editor Stops to Talk 397

Current Opinions in New Hampshire 399

New Hampshire Necrology 401

IN COMING ISSUES
The Magazine Will Contain

What New Hampshire Thinks of Prohibition A symposium

The League of Women Voters

An account of its work and its President.

The Story of a Kensington Warrior and Legislator

By Samuel Copp Worthen

Some valuable New Hampshire history by an authority on the subject.

Communisiu and the American Labor ^Movement Samuel Gompers.

A vital problem for New Hampshire and the entire nation.

If you are not a subscriber, and would like to receive
the magazine regularly, fill out the coupon below

THE GRANITE MONTHLY,
Concord, New Hampshire.

Enclosed find $2.00 for my subscription to the GRANITE MONTHLY for

one year beginning

Name

Address

Entered as second class matter at the Concord, N. H. postoffice.

Amoskeag Manufacturing Co,

Manchester.

New Hampshire

NO. 11 MILL

This is one of the 72 main buildings which contain 168 acres of floor
space, making the Amoskeag the largest textile manufacturing plant in the
world.

The Observatory on Garrison Hill.

Near this spot, the highest point in Dover, the first event of the celebration

will take place.

THE

GRANITE

MONTHLY

Vol. 5S

No. 8

AUGUST 1923

THE MONTH IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The Vacation

JULY in New Hampshire means cer-
tain well defined things : invading
tourists who swarm up over our borders
in automobiles, railroad trains, and even
this year by airplane, which, according
to the first airplane passenger to arrive
at the Balsams, is the l)est means of
locomotion of all ; summer camps, rang-
ing all the way from the sophisticated
art colonies of Peterborough and vicinity
to the rough and tumble of a camp of
Boy Scouts ; summer schools, at Keene,
Exeter, University of New Hampshire,
etc., where lost time of last winter may
be recaptured or spare credits piled up
against the coming year. These things,
against a background of fragrant hay
fields and accompanied by the crackle
of fireworks and the tramp of military
feet en route to the summer encamp-
ment at Devens. mark the month.

There have been a goodly number of
meetings and conventions, too. Every
month is convention month up here. In
the past few weeks we have had the
Episcopalians at St. Paul's, the Under-
takers at Concord, the Pharmacists at
Lake Sunapee, the Automobile Manu-
facturers at Dixville Notch, and the
Unitarians at the Isle of Shoals. The
Sons of Veterans and the Merrimack
County Farmers' Exchange have held
state meetings. The New Hampshire
Bar Association has entertained a dis-
tinguished visitor, Ex-Senator Beveridge.
who spoke also in Manchester. And at

Season Begins

Bristol, in the closing days of June, was
organized a State Chamber of Com-
merce which will undoubtedly do much
in furthering the progress of New
Hampshire.

The Craig Controversy

OUMMER is the season for hornets
^ and the Rev. Ora W. Craig, State
Prohi])ition Commissioner, discovered a
most lively nest when he issued his re-
port of conditions in the state. The re-
port called attention to some "wet"
places, with particular emphasis on
Hillsboro County, and accused some
local enforcement officers with "unwill-
ingness to co-operate." The local of-
ficers, particularly those in Manchester
and Nashua, were inclined to resent the
implication and for a time the air was
filled with recrimination, some of it of a
personal and undignified character. Mr.
Craig finally modified his statements and
the storm passed. But close observers
of the political situation believe that the
end is not yet. Mr. Craig is reported
as saying, "I know that I'm done politi-
cally because of this. I wanted to arouse
the citizens of my native state to a sense
of their obligations toward law enforce-
ment — but I guess it didn't work out
quite right." To complain of a discrep-
ancy in logic between the two parts of
this statement would be quibbling. How-
ever, the fact that a new candidate for
the mayoralty of Manchester has just

354

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

announced himself gives force to the
opinion that the Commissioner has lost
out there. Meanwhile the survey of
Nevi^ Hampshire made l:)y the federal
officers reports that the state is the dry-
est in the country, w^ith one exception.

Keyes to Try for Re-election

IVrOT much of political importance
-■- ^ transpires in the hot weather, but
Senator Keyes' announcement that he
will be a candidate for re-election an-
swered the questionings of many curious
ones. Whether the Senator would have
chosen this time to make his candidacy
known if the disturbing Mrs. Poin-
dexter had not taken it upon herself to
announce that Mrs. Keyes was to run
in his place is not certain.

"The Gypsy Moth"

A new method of fighting gypsy moths
-^"^ was tried out at Henniker early in
the month and the results of the ex-
periment are awaited with interest. A
government dirigiljle, flying over the in-
fested areas of that vicinity in the early
mornings, sprayed the trees with a
poison powder. Although engine trouble
and holes in the gas bag forced an early
end to the experiment, sufficient work
was done so that it mav be ascertained
whether the new method of fighting the
pest is to be successful.

Code Commission Appointed

T^HE Governor and Council have been
-■- busy in spite of the hot weather.
Their most important action, undoubted-
ly, was the apj)ointment of a commis-
sion to revise and codify the New
Hampshire laws. This commission con-
sists of Judge Roliert J. Peaslee of the
supreme court. Judge Christopher H.
W ells of Somersworth, and Clerk Ar-
thur E. Kenison of the Carroll County
superior court. Major Arthur H. Chase
will act as Secretary of the Commission,
and in order to accejjt this position he
has resigned from his office as State
Librarian, Miss Alice Pray, for many
years his assistant, .succeeding him. The

Council has also made a number of other
api)ointments, awarded contracts for the
new buildings at the State Hospital, and
turned over to E. Wyatt Kimball of
Concord the job of restoring the por-
traits in the State House.

Business Developments

T^HE Rum ford Press of Concord an-
-■- nounced this month that they have
been awarded the printing contract for
the Youth's Companion. In Laconia, the
proposal to consolidate five hosiery
mills is creating much interest.
It is understood that a New York syn-
dicate is behind the proposition. At
East Milford, the new plant of the
White Mountain Freezer Company, re-
l)lacing the one burned last fall, is com-
l)lete. Claremont is to have a new in-
dustry, to lie known as the New Hamp-
shire Mop Wringer Corporation. Work
on the dam at Bristol is progressing
rajiidly, and at Marlboro authority has
just been granted to the Ashuelot
Gas and Electric Company to build a
dam on the Minnewawa brook. These
are a few of the month's business de-
velopments.

The new hospital at Peterborough
opened on the last day of June, the ap-
propriation by the town of Claremont of
$60,000 for a new school building, the
proposed building in Rochester of a new
Episcopal church, these also speak of an
alert and progressive New Hampshire.

rhc

Granite

Monthly

Helen

McMillin Managing Editor

NoRRIS

Cotton

Advertising and Cir-
culation Manager

Associat

c Editors

Ralph

Hetzel

Harlan C. Pearson

Ernest

Hopkins

George M. Putnam

John R.

McLane

Wm. S. Rossiter

Elwin

Page

Eaton D. Sargent

John G.

Win A NT

Ray MONO B. Stevens

WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR RAILROADS?

Shall We Consolidate or Sell Out?

UP at Poland Springs last month riously. The New York, New
the Governors of the New Eng- Haven and Hartford, is practically
land States, with the exception bankrupt. How can these roads
of Governor Brown of New Hamp- be put on their feet? How can they
shire, listened to the report of the be made assets to New England, in-
joint commission which, under their stead of liabilities and heavy weights
direction, has, during the past twelve around the neck of her business pros-
months, been studying and analyzing perity? These are in the main the
the New England Railroad problem, problems confronting the Storrow
That report has already created an Commission.

enormous amount of discussion, both But one must go back a little to
in the newspapers and among business understand how the Storrow Corn-
men throughout New England. An- mission happened to come into ex-
other meeting of the Governors in istence, and to know why their re-
August will further consider the re- port recommending the grouping of
port. The Interstate Commerce Com- New England lines under one man-
mission AVill hold hearings upon it agement is more than just Utopian
during the week of Sept. 24. And out theorizing. One must go back, in
of it all will come, it is hoped, a con- fact, to the Transportation Act of
structive plan which will put an end 1920. To a public accustomed to leg-
to our present outstanding transpor- islation restraining large combina-
tation difficulties. tions of capital and to strong opposi-
Much of the Storrow report is too tion to many railroad mergers pro-
technical for the lay reader. But the posed in past years, the Transporta-
main problem of the New England tion Act of 1920 is avowedly a rever-
railroads comes so close to each citi- sal of policy. It directed that the In-
zen of New England that it is well terstate Commerce Commission "pre-
worth while to study the broad prin- pare and adopt a plan for the consoH-
ciples which underlie the report, dation of the railway properties of
New England is, of all the sections the continental United States into a
of the United States, the most de- limited number of systems." The
pendent upon railroads, the most significance of the Act is that, for
completely at the mercy of freight the first time Congress realized that
rates. Into these states comes raw it is possible, in pursuing its policy of
material brought over the railroaxis protecting the public from exorbi-
from all points of the country ; out tant freight rates, to impose such
of these states go quantities of manu- onerous conditions on certain branch-
factured articles which must, in turn, es of the United States railroad ser-
be distributed over the railroads to vice that they could not possibly
all parts of the country. Business render the adequate service which the
prosperity and effective railroads go public rightly demands. Next came
hand in hand up here. And, sadly the perception that so long as the
enough, there are few portions of the railroads of the country were of such
country where the railroads are less difl^ering lengths and strengths the
stable, less eftectual, less adequate. determination of fair rates was im-
New England has four railroads of possible. A rate on which a large,
her own. Only one, the Bangor and well-equipped road could operate at
Aroostook, is operating at a profit, a profit would not even meet the ex-
The Maine Central and the Boston penses of a poorer and weaker road,
and Maine are going along preca- And the solution of this dilemma is

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The New England Roads

The importance of New England's railroads in her industrial welfare cannot be
over-estimated. Here are shown her roads and their connections, the routes over
which raw material comes to us and our finished products are delivered to their con-
sumers.

Reprinted by permission from The Report of the Interstate Commerce

Commission.

WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR RAILROADS?

357

being sought through consohdation
of weak roads with strong ones until
the steam carriers of the United States
shall be, not 200 roads of varying
lengths, some rich and some poor,
but a small number — a score more or
or less — with a reasonable equality of
opportunity for service and for profit.

flaving received instructions from
Congress, the Interstate Commerce
Commission set about its task. It
enlisted the services of Professor
William Z. Ripley of Harvard Uni-
versity, who is probably the most
eminent authority on railroads in this
country. And in August, 1921, the
Commission made its report, which,
under the terms of the law was sub-
mitted to the Governors of the States.
And here is where the New England
j^roldem begins to get more compli-
cated. The Commission report,
recommending the consolidation into
nineteen roads, presented three possi-
ble solutions for New England. One
of these, called the "New England
and Great Lakes System," has not
received serious consideration. But
around the other two strenuous
fighting has been going on ; and the
end is not yet. Briefly the problem
is this : Shall New England combine
her four rather weak roads into an
all-New England system, on the
theory that in union there is strength
and with the hope that concentration
of management can untangle the
knots in the present systems ; or shall
w^e give up the struggle, sell out to
the big trunk lines — the Boston and
Maine to the New York Central and
the New Haven to the Pennsylvania —
and let them 'straighten things out
and put the roads on their feet?

Among the chief proponents of the
New England system is Professor
William Z. Ripley. This fact is es-
pecially significant in view of Pro-
fessor Ripley's connection with the
Interstate Commerce Commission. It
is his opinion that this plan is not only
better for New England, but that it

fits in [letter with plans for the coun-
try as a whole. As to its ad-
vantages for this territory, he says:

"Every consideration from an operating
viewpoint favors the New England idea.
iMfst and foremost, is the interest of the
shipper in a free choice of routes beyond the
New England gateway. This they have en-
joyed for many years. But any trunk line
whicii assumes the liability of supporting a
New England unit will naturally exact as a
price that the business of that unit, in and
out, shall, so far as possible, be diverted to
ifs own rails. Of this there can be no possi-
ble question. And unless these outside
trunk lines thought they could get this busi-
ness. des])ite all shippers' rights as to routing,
to the contrary, they would not consider
Mie proposition for a moment. The same
ohiection to the trunk line plan concerns the
development of the coastwise traffic. Any
trunk line getting a good foot-hold in New
Ent'land would use every efifort to draw that
traffic to the Southwest or to the Pacific
Coast, all rail. By every known means they
would discourage a short haul to the nearest
seaport, giving up the business thereafter to
a s'^eamship line down the coast, or through
the Panama Canal. Many other considera-
'ions. snecial and political, support the New
En'jfland proposition."

Ef|ually prominent on the other
side of the question is a colleague of
Professor Ripley's, Professor William
J. Cunninghain. Professor of Trans-
portation of Harvard University.
Professor Cunningham has been re-
tained as adviser by the Boston and
Maine and he very naturally looks at
the situation first in its relations to
that road. He says:

"It is in the financial factor that the de-
s'rability of Trunk Line consolidation is com-
nelling. With their reserve financial strength,
funds would be available to make the much-
needed improvements, particularly on the
Boston and Maine, in which New Hamp-
shire has a great interest. A consolidation
of the Boston and Maine with the New York
Ce'itral would solve the financial problem
and ';hould place the Boston and Maine in a
nosition to handle a greater volume of traf-
fic and give better service."

There is similar divergence of
opinion among the railroad heads, as
shown in their testimony before the
hearings of the Interstate Commerce
Comtnission. As we have already in-
dicated, the Boston and Maine favors
the trunk line merger. In taking this
position. President Hustis makes it

358

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

clear that he takes into consideration
his duty to his stock-holders. A very
potent argument in his mind is his
belief that he can bring to the stock-
holders better returns by selling his
road to the New York Central. The
president of the New Haven road was
not so sure he wanted to be inter-
fered with at all. But if some sort
of combination must come he believed
that the only feasible plan was the
all-New England system. At a meet-
ing of the New England Bankers As-
sociation in June, the Vice-President
of the road declared that there is
money enough in the New England
states to support New England's
transportation systems and ability
enough to run them : the only ques-
tion is — Will money bet on brains?
The fact that the opinion of the New
Haven was increasingly in favor of
the all-New England system is mani-
fested by the formal vote of its di-
rectors favoring this plan soon
after the Storrow report. It should
be borne in mind that the New
Haven road is in the most precarious
position of all the New England
roads and the most in need of im-
mediate assistance. The president of
the Maine Central took no position,
declaring himself willing to cooperate
in whatever plan the Interstate Com-
merce Commission luight select. And
President Todd of the Bangor and
Aroostoock, while expressing a very
natural preference for being let alone
• — a preference natural because his is
the only New England road which is
earning its way at present — favors
the New England plan. President
Todd., formerly second in command
in the New Haven road, is in many
wavs the ablest of our New England
railroad presidents and his support
of the all-New England plan carries
much weight.

It was this divergence of opinion
brought about by the re]")ort of the
Interstate Commerce Commission
which led to the appointment of the

Storrow Commission, by the Gov-
ernors of the New England states in
the summer of 1922. This commis-
sion was composed of five members
from each state and was headed by
James J. Storrow of Massachusetts.
The New Hampshire members were:
Lester F. Thurber, chairman ; Ben-
jamin W. Couch. Clarence E. Carr,
Arthur H. Hale, and Professor
James P. Richardson. The scope and
thoroughness of the Commission's
investigations cannot readily be grasp-
ed by one unacquainted with the
technicalities of the subject and the
manner in which a study of railroads
involves, before it is completed, an
industrial survey of the business of
the district. For ten months the
committee has been at work ; and at
the end of that time made its contri-
bution to the solution of the railroad
problem of New England in a 300
page report copiously illustrated
with maps and diagrams.

And the gist of that report is "New
England should be allowed to run its
own railroads!." The :Commission
sums up the matter as follows:

"The Committee is satisfied that such a
comnact railroad system as that represented
in the proposed New England consolidation
would involve a minimum of the evils, and,
with conditions as they are in New England,
would produce a maximum of the benefits
possible to result from consolidation under
the provisions of the Transportation Act of
1920.

"But the Committee believes that such_ con-
silidation is neither advisable not equitably
nossiblc until each of the two major New
Encrland systems shall first have been re-
h-'bilitated and shall have shown the financial
3nd operating results it is capable of pro-
ducin"- under normal conditions and with re-
stored credit."

"New England would like to wear its own
breaches." says the report : "We submit that
i^ should be allowed to do so, unless a clear
f^ase can be made out why one leg should be
handed over to the Pennsylvania road or the
Baltimore and Ohio, and the other to the
New York Central." "It is in the interest of
evc-v one in New England, whether a shipper,
p traveler or a security holder in one of
these roads, that we should get together and
set our two major systems in order at once."

One verv significant sentence reads :

"If New England industries are ever forced

WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH OUR RAILROADS?

359

into a position where they chiefly depend on
standard trunk Hne rates, they are bound to
suffer, but if New England can hold its own
knife ' and fork and feed herself to a bal-
anced ration of standard rates, differential
rates and water rates, we see no reason why
we should not maintain full bodily vigor and
continue to meet changing conditions by
new adjustments of our industries and en-
terprises."

The arguments which have already
been touched upon in Professor Rip-
ley's statement are all set forth at
length in the report. The preserva-
tion of existing gateways; the insur-
ing of continuation of competition in
through traffic into and out of New
England ; the continuance of favorable
differential rates via of the Canadian
roads ; the avoidance of absentee-land-
lordism—all these would be better
served by the New England system.
The report lays special stress, too, on
the possibilities of port development.
According to the findings of the com-
mission, by using water transportation
New England can lay down shoes,
automobife tires, pianos and cotton
piece goods on the Pacific coast at a
lower rate than Chicago can by rail.
That is good news to a territory de-
pendent on its manufacturing and in-
clined of late to pessitiiism about it.
New England should certainly pai.ise
before making any arrangement which
would probably turn her face from
the sea. As an appendage to the
trunk lines. New England roads are
handicapped by distance from her
markets and her sources of supply.
As a compact unit, having the added
advantage of easy access to water
routes and to Canadian lines, these
same roads have an enviable position
for bargaining with the trunk lines.

But the Joint New England Com-
mission realized that the cmtx of the
argument lies in the financial phases
of the matter; that the opponents of
the New England plan willingly ad-
mit most of the foregoing arguments
and bob up sinilingly with the state-
ment— "All very fine in theory, but
it can't be done. Combining four
weak roads will never make a strong

one." They are hard headed business
men, these opponents. The Commis-
sion's report, therefore, presents, with
its recommendation that New Eng-
land run its own roads, a plan for so
rehabilitating these roads that they
can be made to bring in a reasonable
return to their stockholders and pro-
vide adecjuate service to the public.
The plan involves aid from the federal
government in the shape of reduced
interest rates on loans; aid from the
l)ond-holders through the extension
of the date of maturity on certain
bonds falling due before 1935 ; and aid
from the respective states by a re-
mission of taxes, to be made if the
earnings of the roads fall below a cer-
tain point in a given year. In ex-
change for the aid from the states,
the commission proposes to give the
state predominance in railroad con-
trol, by providing for a trusteeship
of ten years during which time the
affairs of the roads shall be under the
control of representatives of the six
New England States, appointed by
the several Governors.

It is of course this part of the Com-
mission's report which is drawing
most fire just at present. The trus-
teeship is assailed at once as savoring
of state socialism, and the other pro-
visions are also being received with
a storm of criticism. The Manchester
Union is shocked by the whole idea:

"This newspaper is unreservedly opposed
to those recommendations of the cornmittee
dealing with rehabilitation which involve
remission of taxes by states, counties and
towns where interest on fixed charges is not
earned, the guarantee of interest on new se-
curities by the respective states, and the sub-
stitution of state-controlled for privately
controlled management. All this carries the
strong, and to us utterly distasteful, flavor
of s'tate socialism, and is damned_ by the
snrrv results of every other essay mto that
field made in the past."
but this is by no means the only point
of view expressed. In fact it is
worthy of note that the New Hamp-
shire committee, while not wholly
assenting to the Commission's report,
did not base their dissent on the re-

360

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

habilitation plans. In fact their state-
ment reads :

"We believe that the two major New
England railroads can obtain substantial re-
habilitation by the plan described in the re-
port, but we believe that, if consolidation
must then follow, they should be with the
trunk lines."

And there are many New Hampshire
business men. harassed l:)y freight delays
and inefifective service, who will echo
the sentiment of a very prominent Bos-
ton business man who says :

"If it is wise for Massachusetts to ex-
pend $25,000,000 per year on the highways,
which autos and trucks use with inadequate
returns to the state, why is it unreasonable
for the state to extend credit to the railroads,
which every one admits are absolutely essen-
tial to the industrial prosperity of the com-
munity?"

This, then, is the situation : The
Storrow commission has made its re-
port, and out of the report and the
discussion created by it will come
eventually a consolidation plan. What
will happen, then? As matters stand
now it is up to the railroads ; they
may or may not accept the plan of-
fered. It is probable, however, that
before the plan is formulated Con-
gress will have "put teeth into the
transportation act" by making adop-
tion of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission's final plan compulsory. The
President of the United States favors
such action. In his Kansas City
speech he said in this connection :

"It is being seriously proposed that the next
step be to further amplify the provisions for
consolidation so as to stimulate the consum-
mation. It is my expectation that legislation
to this end will be brought before Congress
at the next session. Through its adoption
we should take the longest step which is now
feasible on the way to a solution of our dif-
ficult problems of railroad transportation.

One word more. New Hampshire's
railroad experiences have not always
been pleasant. It is perhaps only
human nature that the much-abused
public should adopt a "burned child"
attitude of suspicious dissent from
any plan for railroad consolidation
which may cost anything. And yet,
when Mr. Hobart Pillsbury writes in
the Boston Herald :

"The Storrow report did not arouse any

excitement in New Hampshire General

public opinion favors sitting tight for a while.
Schemes for consolidation are not favored,
nor is the plan to have the state lend its
credit to rehabilitate,"

one cannot believe that he voices

the best and most enlightened opinion

of the state. One's thoughts go to

the closing words of the committe's

report :

"At least we hope what we have done will
spur New England on to save herself, and
will prevent her from sitting quiescently on
her doorstep waiting for chance aid from
the outside."

According to Mr. Pillsbury, New
Hampshire's attitude is well described
in those words. If he is right in his
statements, then those critics who
accuse New Hampshire of fatalistic
inertia, are also right.

The Storrow Commission has put
the discussion of the New England
Railroad problem on a very high
plane. "Rehabilitation through co-
oj^eration" is the keynote of all their
recommendations. Cominon sacrifice
for the common good is the principle
back of the plan which they have
formulated. On such fundatnentals
however widely we may dififer on the
details of reconstruction, w^e can all
agree. Here is the common ground
on which we may meet and come to
a final solution of our problem. It is
essential that this be kept firmly in
mind through all discussions of the
problem. New England must solve
her railroad problem or she faces in-
dustrial death, Indifiference, selfish-
ness, "knocking" — these can never re-
sult in a constructive policy. But, if,
following the lead of the Storrow
Commission, the energies and re-
sources of the New England public
are bent toward the discovering of
the solution which will bring the
greatest good to the greatest number
— the problem is as good as solved
already.

"New England has shown courage and re-
'jourcefulness in the past. We believe New
Eneland is ready to do so again."

This is the challenge of the Stor-
row Commission.

' *■ » i■■'^ ^ *^ "

Jlttdust l8'23-f923

sm wmuMmim (ML 'I'ZTm,

An Invitation to a Birthday Party: Dover's
Tercentenary Poster.

HOW DOVER GREW

The Development of her Factories

(•(•rriHE commerce of Dover con-
I sists chiefly of lumber. The
material is daily diminishing,
and in a short time will probably fail.
Whether a substitute can be found by
the inhabitants, I am ignorant." Thus,
with a trace of pessimism as to the
future progress of the town, Dr.
Dwight presents his analysis of Dover
in 1796, — a town which has prospered
but whose prosperity, if one may
judge from plainly written signs, is a
thing of the past.

It is quite evident that the Rev-
erend gentleman had never examined
the town records to find a significant
item under the date of 1643 : "George
Webb was presented by the Court 'for
living idle like a swine.' " Such in-
tolerance of idleness is a guarantee of
enterprise whether or not the forests
become exhausted, And indeed, the

Doctor had scarcely turned his back
upon the town when portentous events
began to transpire.

In 1798, a young man by name
Jeremiah Stickney began a new enter-
prise in Dover, the manufacture of
cotton and woolen hand cards. Until
the manufacture of cards by ma-
chinery superseded the old process of
setting in the teeth by hand, he kept
his little factory running, largely
through the employment of children.
He gave up his business in 1822, but
lived to see the cotton and woolen
business in Dover, to which his mill
contributed, reach surprising pro-
portions.

The cotton industry started first.
In 1813, with a capital of $50,000 the
"Dover Cotton Factory" was incor-
porated. At five o'clock on January
19 in that year the proprietors of the

362

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

On this spot in 1623 was fonnded tlie first permanent settlement in New Hampshire.

factory met at Mrs. Lydia Tibbetts'
house and laid the foundations of the
organization which in later years was
to develop into the Cocheco Dept. of
the Pacific Mills. Mrs. Tibbetts ap-
pears to have been a guardian spirit
of the infant industry, for when in
1821, with an increased capital of
$500,000, the Dover Cotton Factory
laid the foundation stone of Mill No. 2
at the Lower Falls, it is recorded that
"the brethren afterwards partook of a
collation at the house of Airs. Tib-
betts, and spent the evening in
characteristic harmony."

It was ten years before the woolen
business began. In 1824, "Mr. Alfred
I. Sawyer commenced the business of
cloth dressing at the place formerly

known as Libby's mills, which was
the foundation of and has since grown
into the Sawyer Woolen Company."
So read the old records. The Sawyer
Woolen Company in its turn has be-
come a part of the American Woolen
Company and still turns out large
quantities of fine woolen and worsted

goods.

1 \\ M warlike Dover citizens met at this point to fight a duel,
thought better of the idea and went home without drawing
their swords, bl't the pl^ce js rallecj Bloody Point.

In 1823 the Dover Cotton Factory
changed its name to Dover Manu-
facturing Company, once more in-
creased its capital to $1,000,000 and
built Mill No. 3. Five years later,
in a time of business depression, the
business changed both name and
management, becoming the Cocheco
Cotupany.

That this business prospered is

evidenced by a
note from a Bos-
ton paper of 1829 :
"the last weekly
Dover Packet from
New Hampshire,
brought nearly as
many cotton and
woolen goods to
this market as
were brought by
the packet ship
Dover, and more
than were brought
by the packet New
England from Liv-
erpool. Cotton
goods which were

HOW DOVER GREW

363

This spot will figure largely in Dover's celebration. It is Guppey Park and on August
22 a great Community Picnic will take place here.

once purchased in England for 38 cents,
and thought remarkably cheap, were not
better cottons than can now be pur-
chased here at 20 cents."

That the business was not without
the troubles and vexations which mod-
ern mills are heir to is indicated by a
brief note in the town records of 1834:
"March 4.— Mills of Cocheo Manu-
facturing Company stopped for three
days in consequence of a turn out "^of
the female operatives, occasioned by
a reduction of their pay."

Perhaps the most interesting chap-
ter of Dover's mill history is the visit
of Lafayette. The General came to
Dover in June, 1825, was received
with all manner of honor and cele-
bration, and in his sight-seeing was
taken to the mills of the Dover
Manufacturing Company. The ac-
count of his reception gives a picture
of the cotton mill of 100 years ago.
We quote from a newspaper report :

"On arriving opposite the Cotton
Factories the carriages were halted,

the Great Gate of the Factory yard
was thrown open, discovering a dou-
ble line of females employed in the
Factory, to the number of nearly 200,
tastefully and handsomely dressed in
white with blue sashes. The Gen-
eral, on entering the Factory yard,
was repeatedly cheered with the huz-
zas of hundreds from the tops of the
buildings .surrounding the Factory
yard ; he was conducted by Messrs.
Williams and Bridge into the Factory,
the porch of which was tastefully
decorated with wreaths of evergreen
and roses. The Factory was still for
a moment, but as if by magic it was
instantly in full operation, attended
throughout by the girls who had re-
ceived the company on entering the
yard, each at her proper place and
busy in her proper employment. On
leaving the Factory, the General was
conducted to his carriage and es-
corted by the committee of arrange-
ments and marshalls of Dover to
the line of the state of Maine."

364

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

,<j?^

Pomeroy's Cove, where the early settlers landed.

The account goes on to tell of the
appreciativeness of the distinguished
visitor. Evidently the tastefulness
of attire and decorations made its
impression on the General. He de-
clared that the mills were "much
more perfect than any he had wit-
nessed" and that the quality of goods
was "far superior to any he had seen
in the country."

And the account closes with a
paragraph which, though having lit-
tle bearing on Lafayette and his visit,
is nevertheless interesting as a bit of
Dover mill history:

"It was a subject of regret that he
could not have examined more par-
ticularly the machine shop, where
nearly all the parts of the whole ma-
chinery for the establishment are
manufactured from the raw material,
where some valuable improvements
have been made in the mode of pre-
paring the important parts of the
machinery, as well as highly valuable
alterations made upon those generally
in use in the larger manufacturing
concerns."

Three hundred years ago. a tiny
settlement of English merchants.
Two hundred years ago. a village
struggling in the n^idst of Indian

wars, in days of such danger that
schools had to be closed for fear of
Indian raids, yet a village going
pluckily forward in enterprises of
bridge building and the laying out of
roads. One hundred years ago, a
town standing at the very beginning
of a business enterprise which was to
change its whole life and character.
Today, one of the most important
manufacturing towns in New Hamp-
shire. That is Dover. And her cel-
ebration of her three hundredth birth-
day brings from all parts of New
Haiupshire and from the world out-
side the hearty congratulations one
gives for work well done.

NOTE

It is with great pleasure that we add
this month to our editorial board, an-
nounced in the July issue, the name of
Raymond B. Stevens of Landafif. Mr.
Stevens is a prominent figure in public
life, a member of the national House of
Representatives not many years ago, a
meml)er of the New Hampshire Legis-
lature at the last session, and a man
whose naiue figures largely in con-
jectures and prophecies of the coming
campaign.

^^^^%>

One hundred years old:
The Strafford Savings Bank of Dover.

THE SAVINGS BANK CENTENNIAL

The One Hundredth Birthday of Two New Hampshire Banks

By I AMES O. Lyford

HIS year is the Centennial of
New Hampshire Savings Banks.
The legislature of 1823 granted
two savings bank charters, one for the
Portsmouth Savings Bank, at Ports-
mouth, and the other for the Strafford
Savings Bank, at Dover. This was
seven years after the first savings
bank was chartered in this country.
Four years earlier, in 1819, an attempt
was made by the citizens of Ports-
mouth to obtain a charter. A bill was
introduced in the house and passed
that body, but it was defeated in the
senate. There is nothing in the rec-
ords of the legislature or in the news-
papers of that year that shows why
the bill failed to receive the approval
of the senate ; but in 1823, when the
charter for the Portsmouth Savings
Bank was passing through its various
stages in the house, a leading mem-
ber remarked that as the principles
of the bill were new and required
some consideration he would move
that it be referred to the judiciary
committee. That committee prompt-

ly made a favorable report. It was
probably conservatism in dealing
with a novel proposition that post-
poned for four years the starting of
savings banks in New Hampshire.
The charter for the Portsmouth
Savings Bank was signed by the gov-
ernor June 26, 1823, and that for the
Strafford Savings Bank, July 1, 1823.
The Portsmouth Savings Bank re-
ceived its first deposit August 20,
1823, and the Strafford Savings Bank,
Fel)ruary 28, 1824. These savings
banks have had an uninterrupted ex-
istence ever since they opened their
doors.

From 1823 to 1838 six additional
savings banks were chartered, only
two of which are now in operation,- —
the New Hampshire Savings Bank
at Concord, which opened in 1830,
and the Laconia Savings Bank at
Laconia, which began business in
1831. The third savings bank char-
tered failed in 1841, and for a few
years the legislature refused to grant
applications for charters. It was not

366

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

until 1846 that the Manchester Sav-
ings Bank was chartered, and six
years later before the Amoskeag
of Manchester was authorized to
begin business. These two Alanches-
ter savings banks are now the largest
in the state.

Philanthropic motives were the
basis of the inception of savings
banks in this state. In the first
quarter of the nineteenth century
manufacturing establishments were
multiplying. The employes were
drawn from the rural communities of
the state because of larger wages than
could be obtained on the farms, and
because wages were paid in cash by
the mills, whereas employment in the
rural communities was largely a mat-
ter of barter, or payment in the pro-
ducts of the farm. There were
j)eriods of adversity in manufacturing
which threw the mill operatives out
of employment. Improvidence in
spending during the prosperity of the
mills brought as a sequel suffering
to the operatives in times of indus-
trial depression. This is set forth in
the petition for the charter of the
Strafford Savings Bank, in which it
was alleged that nearly one-fifth of
the population of Dover and the sur-
rounding manufacturing town.s were
likely to become public charges. The
establishment of savings banks was
the means used to teach the people
habits of thrift and to make them in-
dependent when adversity came.
Well have they served the purpose of
their creation.

The savings bank was an institu-
tion of slow growth for many years.
It had to win the confidence of the
peolple. There was no experience
elsewhere for its officers to draw
upon. The fundamental principle of
the savings bank was that it should
be a safe depository for the savings
of the wage earner, and that the sav-
ings should be so invested that there
would be no loss of deposits and a
reasonable interest gain. What are
safe investments is always a question

of human judgment, and this judg-
ment varied with individuals. Many
things were done and other things
were left undone which in the early
years continually impaired the confi-
dence of the public. If there were
si)ace in this article, an interest-
ing story might be written of the
trials and vicissitudes of savings
banks through a long period of their
history. It required many object
lessons to teach .savings bank officers
and trustees, and even the public, the
plain, homely truths regarding the
care of trust funds. In the first hun-
dred years of their existence the
losses through the dishonesty of
savings bank employes were com-
paratively small, and the instances
infrequent; but mistakes were made
which were incident to experimenting
in an untried field. Yet the fact that
the first two savings banks have stood
the test for a century, that two others
are approaching one hundred years
of uninterrupted existence, and that
over half of the whole number have
an age exceeding fifty years, .speaks
w.ell for the integrity and business
sagacity of a large majority of sav-
ings bank offtcials.

For the first half century of their
existence the management of savings
banks was almost wholly philan-
thropic. The treasurer was the only
paid official ; and the trustees, who
.served without pay, were generally
parsimonious in the compensation
they allowed him. The treasurer
was not only responsible for the funds
of the institution, but in numerous
cases in the earl}- years he supplied
the bank with quarters at his home or
place of business. A.s late as my first
service as bank commissioner, be-
ginning in 1887, there were several
savings banks that were adjuncts to
country stores, and in two cases were
located in the houses in which the
treasurers resided. The store safe,
possibly fire proof but not burglar
proof, was the only security vault for
the books and assets of the bank.

THE SAVINGS BANK CENTENNIAL

1(^7

Such bank treasurers received for
their services and responsibility and
the quarters they furnished a munifi-
cent .stipend running from one hun-
dred to three hundred dollars a year.

The trustees were usually success-
ful business men whose names gave
the bank credit in the community.
Very few of them gave much attention
to the affairs of the bank they were
chosen to supervise. If the treasurer
were an enterprising man, he very
soon dictated the policy of the bank.
The responsibility that goes with an
election as trustee or director of a
bank was not brought home to these
officials until near the close of the
nineteenth century. It was compar-
atively late in their history before the
legislature awoke to the importance
of savings banks and the marvelous
growth of their deposits. It re-
cpiired the panic of 1893, with its
numerous closing of savings banks to
arouse the law makers to the neces-
sity for legislation regulating their
management and prescribing their
investments. Prior to that time, little
savings bank legislation was enacted
except to provide severe penalties for
acts of dishonesty by bank officials.

There were commercial banks, or
banks of discount, in this state long
before savings banks were started.
As early as 1814 these banks were
required to make returns of their
condition to the Governor and Coun-
cil, who submitted these reports^ to
the legislature. A few years later a
committee of the legislature was
required to visit the banks and ex-
amine them. In 1837 the first act
creating the office of bank commis-
sioner was passed and approved by
Governor Isaac Hill. The bank
commissioners were not required to
examine savings banks until 1841.
This was the year when the first
savings bank failed. There were then
eight .savings banks in the state, but
their aggregate deposits were less
than one million dollars. Yet a
million dollars in the early forties

was a very large sum of money.

Three bank commissioners were
provided for by the act of 1837, with
terms of one year. This abbreviated
term of service continued until 1881,
when the number of commissioners
was reduced to two and their ap-
pointments were made for two years.
Until 1881 the commissioners were
paid for their examinations by the
banks, at the rate at first of two
dollars per day and ten cents a mile
for travel. Subsequently the per
diem was increased to three dollars,
and in 1885 to five dollars. Salaries
were first established in 1889. There
was little continuity of service of the
bank commissioners until after 1889.
Several served but one year, a num-
ber had but two years' service or the
one re-appointment that came from the
governor who originally selected
them, a limited few three years, and
only one reached five years of service
during the first fifty years of the ex-
istence of the bank commission.
Some resigned after a year or two
of service, and three men declined the
appointment. The subsequent career
of some of the bank commissioners
is evidence, however, that the gov-
ernor and council endeavored to select
men of ability.

Jonathan Harvey, of Sutton, one
of the first appointees to this posi-
tion, was afterwards a congressman
from New Hampshire for three
terms. Amos Tuck of Exeter, one of
the pioneers in the promotion of the
Free Soil and the Republican parties,
was in congress from 1847 to 1853,
and afterwards Naval Officer of Cus-
toms at Boston. Titus Brown of
Francestown, represented the state
in Congress two terms. John S.
Wells, John G. Sinclair, and Henry
O. Kent, were candidates of the
Democratic party for governor in
later years ; and a number of others
were subsequently active and prom-
inent in state affairs.

That these commissioners for the
first half centurv of the bank com-

368

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

mission did not accomplish more was
not their fault. Successive legisla-
tures were indifferent to their recom-
mendations. They were improperly
paid by requiring them to collect for
their services from the banks they
examined ; and their compensation
was inadequate for the service ren-
dered. When I first came to the
commission, in 1887, it was fifty years
after the bank commission was
created. During all that time the
commission never had an office in the
state house or elsewhere, nor was
provision made for one until 1885.
There was not a scrap of paper on
file anywhere to show what the com-
missioners had done during that
period outside of the published
reports ; and the bank commission
had not even a set of these reports.
The examination papers of the com-
missioners had been regarded as the
personal property of the commis-
sioners, and were either lost or
destroyed. Yet there were 66 sav-
ings banks at that time, with aggre-
gate deposits of $50,000,000. My
first work after my appointment was
to hire and furnish an office and se-
cure a hand-press with which to copy
letters. For four years I was my
own amanuensis, wrote in long-hand
all letters of the commissioners and
copied them by the use of this press.
Then for two years the commission-
ers paid the salary of a stenographer
before one was provided by the state.
At the time of my first appoint-
ment in 1887, officers of savings banks
looked upon the bank commissioners
as a necessary evil to be patiently
endured during the time that they
were making examinations. Nor is
this strange when it is considered
that the commissioners were practi-
cally without authority, except to
close a bank that could not meet its
obligations. Having little continuity
of service, they could establish no
policy in their examinations. Invest-
ments were praQtically unrestricted.

There was no law to regulate the
management of savings banks. Bank
officials looked askance at the sug-
gestions of the commissioners, and
their recommendations to the legis-
lature were unheeded.

In 1889 a bank commission of three
members, appointed so that the term
of only one member expired during
a given state administration, was
created. From this time dates the
effective work of this commis-
sion. The legislature began to
o-ive heed to their recommendations.

Bank officials saw the value of their
co-operation and soon welcomed their
examinations. The public realized
that the savings institutions of the
state are New Hampshire's greatest
asset, and that their supervision
exceeded in importance that of any
other state activity. Since 1915,
the savings institutions of the state
have had an association, meeting
semi-annually for the consideration
and discussion of subjects pertaining
to the management and investments
of these institutions. It is an open
forum to which the bank commis-
sioners and experts from other states
are invited. Trustees and directors
of the savings institutions now com-
prehend the responsibility resting up-
on them, and in the main have per-
sonal knowledge of the work of the
treasurer and his subordinates. All
this change in the relations of the
commissioners with bank officials
and with the legislature is not solely
the work of the commission. It has
been promoted by the progressive
bankers of the state, who came to
realize that any weakness of one
savings bank was a peril to others ;
and that in so large an industry
there must be legislation and super-
vision to regulate the management
and the investments of these institu-
tions.

To the close of the Civil War, the
savings deposits were not a large
factor in the interests of the state. In

THE SAVINGS BANK CENTENNIAL

369

1865, there were 29 savings banks,
with 42,572 depositors out of a state
population of 326,000 and not quite
$8,000,000 deposits. This represented
42 years of growth. At the end of
the next decade there were 68 savings
banks, 96,938 depositors, and $30,-
OGO,000 deposits. Adding another ten
years and we find the same nvnnber of
banks, with 121,216 depositors, and
$43,000,000 deposits. The next eight
years were years of continued growth,
the number of savings institutions
having increased to 83, the number
of depositors to 184,210, and the
vohime of deposits to nearly $78,000,-
000. Then occurred the panic of
1893. It was especially disastrous to
New Hampshire savings banks, due
to the fact that the banks were with-
out restrictions as to their invest-
ments and management until two
years later. The next six years were
years of recovery, and the deposits
dropped to less than $62,000,000, and
this amount included the deposits of
several banks in liquidation.

rhen the tide turned as confidence
was restored ; and with the exception
of one year during the world war,
every year has shown an increase of
deposits. From 1900 to the present
year the deposits have grown from
$62,000,000 to $162,000,000. This in
a period of 23 years, which is in the
recollection of the greater part of the
people now living, is phenomenal.
The depositors in our savings insti-
tutions include more than half the
population of the state. If the total
deposits were divided among the in-
habitants of the state, each man,
woman and child would receive $350.
A few comparisons will emphasize
this growth.

This volume of deposits is more
than three times the taxable value of
the railroads of the state, more than
twice the value of all its manufactur-
ing plants, half the value of all the
lands and buildings of the state, and

one-forth of the value of all the prop-
erty of New Hampshire as assessed
for taxation.

These deposits are for the most
part the accumulations of wage
earners, clerks, farmers and people
of small income, the average deposit
being about $500.

Such, in brief, is the story of the
savings institutions of New Hamp-
shire and their growth in one hundred
years. For the last twenty years no
savings bank of the state has failed.
In fact, only one .savings institution
has suspended payments for thirty
years that was not primarily involved
in the panic of 1893 ; and this insti-
tution in liquidation paid its deposi-
tors one hundred cents on the dollar.
No other state has so clean a record.
Perhaps nothing has contributed so
much to this situation as the co-
oi)eration of bank officials with the
bank commissioners, a co-operation
that has l)een constantly growing
more sympathetic and cordial for
thirty years. Another factor which
has been contributory to the success
of all has been the absence for the
most part of unfriendly rivalry of
savings banks covering the same
field of depositors. With very few
exceptions the savings banks of the
state have united for two years in
joint advertising of the benefits de-
rived from their use by the people.
In the two instances that have oc-
curred in the last two decades of un-
founded alarm of .savings bank de-
positors of any one institution, neigh-
boring banks have come promptly to
the rescue by taking over securities
of the imperilled Ijank and furnish-
ing it with cash. With such a spirit
prevailing among the officers of the
savings institutions, and between them
and the officials who are supervi.sing
them, there is much to be expected
of their future usefulness to their
depositors and to the business welfare
of the state.

AN ANTHOLOGY OF ONE POEM POETS

Compiled by Arthur Johnson
Illustrated by Elizabeth Shurtleff

LIGHT

By Francis W. Bourdillon

The night has a thousand eyes.

The day but one ;
Yet the Hght of the bright world dies

With the dying sun.

The mind has a thousand eyes.

And the heart but one ;
Vet the Hght of a whole life dies

When its love is done.

2$--^

NOT UNTO THE FOREST

By Margaret Widdemer
(Remembrance)

Not unto the forest — not unto the forest, O my lover!

Why do you lead me to the forest?
Joy is where the temples are
Lines of dancers swinging far

Drums and lyres and viols in the town
(It is dark in the forest)
And the flapping leaves will blind me
And the clinging vines will bind me

And the thorny rose-boughs tear my safifron gown-

And I fear the forest.

Not unto the forest — not unto the forest, O my lover !

Long since one led me to the forest ....
Hand in hand we wandered mute
Where was neither lyre nor flute

Little stars were bright above the dusk
And the thickets of wild rose

Breathed across our lips locked close

Perfumings of spikenard and musk ....

I am tired of the forest.

Not unto the forest — not unto the forest, O my lover !

Take me from the silence of the forest!

I will love you by the light
And the beat of drums at night
And the echoing of laughter in my ears.

But here in the forest
I am still, remembering
A forgotten, useless thing,

And my eyelids are locked down for fear of tears
There is memory in the forest.

POEMS

371

PANDORA'S SONG

By William Vaughn Moody

Of wounds and sore defeat

I made my battle stay;

Winged sandals for my feet

I wove of my delay ;

Of weariness and fear,

I made my shouting spear ;

Of loss, and doubt, and dread.

And swift oncoming doom

I made a helmet for my head

And a floating plume.

From the shutting mist of death.
From the failure of the breath,
I made a Ijattle-horn to blow,
Across the vales of overthrow.
O hearken, love, the battle-horn !
The triumph clear, the silver scorn !
O hearken where the echoes bring.
Down the gray, disastrous morn,
Laughter and rallying !

-^^

ON A FAN THAT BELONGED TO
THE MARQUISE DE POMPADOUR I

By Austin Dobson

Chicken-skin, delicate, white.

Painted by Carlo Vanloo,
Loves in a riot of light.

Roses and vajjorous blue ;

Hark to the daintv frou-frou!

Picture above, if you can.

Eyes that could melt as the dew.
This was the Pompadour's fan !

See how they rise at the sight.

Thronging the Oeil de Boeuf thru.
Courtiers as butterflies bright.

Beauties that Fragonard drew.

Talon-rouge, balbala, c(ueue,
Cardinal. Duke. — to a man.

Eager to sigh or to sue, —
This was the Pompadour's fan !

Ah, but things more than polite

Hang on this toy. voyez-vous !
Matters of state and of might,

Things that great ministers do ;
Things that maybe overthrew
Those in whose brains they began ;

Here was the sign and the cue, —
This was the Pompadour's fan !

Envoy
Where are the secrets it knew?

Weavings of plots and of plans
— But where is the Pompadour, too?
This was the Pompadour's Fan !

The small boy picks the first apple from the
orchard which is to educate him.

AN ORCHARD AND A COLLEGE EDUCATION

How They Helped Each Other

By G. F. Potter

A few weeks ago in the College
Gymnasittm in Dttrham, 140 young
men and women passed over the
platform before their admiring parents
and friends and received their diplomas
from President Hetzel. Among these
graduates was one whose college cotirse
was made possible through an unusual
endowment by his parents. The college
training of this voung man is dedicated
to the development of New Hampshire's
resources and the story is so interesting
that I think it is worth telling.

The story of how this man came to
college traces back to a hill farm in
West Hopkinton. settled more than 150
years ago, and one of the first farms in
that section of New Hampshire to enter
the commercial fruit industry. There

the original owner planted trees princi-
pally of the Russet variety. These ap-
ples stored through most of the lung
winter in the farm cellar were drawn
by ox team to Concord to be sold or
shii)ped to Lowell and Lawrence. One
old tree still stands on the farm, a relic
of this early venture in the apple busi-
ness.

When the grandfather of our college
lad jnirchased this farm some fifty odd
years ago, the chief business was beef
production. Nevertheless, he was

aware of the profits in apples and, like
many another New England farmer, he
thriftily grafted with Baldwin cions
every seedling tree which sprang up in
the corners of the stone walls and other
odd places about the farm. He went

AN ORCHARD AND A COLLEGE EDUCATION

373

farther than this and farther than most
of his neighbors, in that he made a
practice of fertihzing some piece of
ground heavily to make it into a produc-
tive garden and then planting fruit trees
in the garden. As the trees grew and
required all the space, the process was
repeated on another piece of ground.
Thus when the farm passed into the
hands of his son, and his son in turn
looked down upon a one-year-old baby
boy, there were possibly two hundred
trees on the farm in fence corners and
in little lots where the gardens had been.
It was with the resolve that this newest
son might go to college if he chose that
Levi French set one hundred and fifty
apple trees on a piece of what might be
called worn out pasture land. They
were of the Baldwin variety. When
with his father Levi French had engaged
in the business of buying fruit, — often
purchasing a neighbor's crop on the
tree, picking and packing it and sending
it to market, — the best fruit and the
greatest profits had always come from
orchards in which the Baldwin pre-
dominated. Hence when he came to
make a planting for his boy, the trees
were all of this variety upon which he
could count for high class fruit.

It may be said with literal accuracy
that the boy and the trees grew up to-
gether and that each helped the other to
develop. There were times when the
sod around the trunks had to be dug
away with a large old-fashioned grub
hoe, and "Al" remembers still how heavy
that tool could get at the end of a day.
He remembers, too, how sacks were
placed around some of the trees which
were backward in order to hold mois-
ture and keep down the grass around
the trunks, and how as he cultivated
those trees the teeth of the cultivator
sometimes stuck in the burlap with dis-
astrous results.

The orchard was started in the days
when there were relatively few orchard
pests, and spraying was practically an
unknown art. But before the project
had gone very far, it was threatened by

an attack of plant lice. A journey was
made to a distant neighbor from whom
a formula could be obtained for the old-
fashioned kerosene emulsion. Before
the days of commercial tobacco extracts,
this material was the standard control
for sucking insects. Carefully mixed ac-
cording to the formula and applied with
a cattle sprayer, it did the work and
the trees were freed of their pests. The
business of spraying could not long be
conducted upon this scale, ^lowever, and
it was not long before father and son
found themselves in attendance at a
demonstration at the village of Hopkin-
ton where one of the prafessors from
the college at Durham wasi teaching the
use of spraying machinery. At first
the demonstration did not b^d fair to be
a success. The man on the pump handle
struggled violently while the college man
holding the nozzle constantly exhorted
him to give "more pressure." The long
whiskered pessimist on the edge of the
crowd grumbled that this was what you
would expect from a college "perfesser"
but on investigation it was found that a
part of the pump had been lost in ship-
ment. After a hurried visit to the near-
est plumber, a new valve was improvised
and soon the mist like spray was cover-
ing the trees in the proper way. The
a])ple worm, or codling moth, was then
the most important pest, and the sprays
applied consisted principally of poisons
such as lead arsenate. The demonstra-
tion proved successful ; for a consider-
able amount of spraying with this ma-
terial was done in the vicinity that year.
The following season Mr. French and
one of his neighbors purchased a similar
barrel pump, which was used to keep the
apples in the new orchard clean until re-
placed by a power sprayer.

While the orchard and "Al" French
grew together, progress on the college
career was going forward at the same
time. Some of my friends tell me of
meeting a small boy with a dinner pail
almost as large as himself, trudging
down from the hills to school. In due
season he passed to the Hopkinton High

374

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

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f^.r ->a

E2S|^'.

"'J*;

•yn*"

- ■•'^K."

:s^r:

'■■•^.

t-^.

«w.J

»'

m,m

g^^m

'vc?^

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Grafted trees in the corners of the stone walls at the Erench farm.

School at ContoocGok, journeying there
by train, getting home on some winter
nights when the snow was deep, as late
as midnight, but always keeping the goal
of college in sight.

In 1917, on the occasion of a football
game between New Hampshire State
and the boys from the Massachusetts
Agricultural College, "Al" came down
with a number of his schoolmates and
caught his first glimpse of the institu-
tion. In 1919 he came to stay.

The orchard too was ready to do its
share. The fruit which had previously
sold to local buyers was now marketed
to better advantage, sometimes on the
foreign markets and sometimes on the
late winter market of Boston after cold
storage for a considerable period. It was
good fruit, as the returns from the com-
mission firms of Liverpool and Boston
attest. The checks which came back
were sufficient to accomplish the ob-
ject for which the trees were set. Funds
from other sources were necessary, it
is true, — for instance the proceeds from
college news items written up for
the newspapers of the state, — but in the

main it has been the orchard that has
borne the burden.

In college his record is one which few
students will surpass. Alfred French
was elected to the agricultural honorary
fraternity for scholastic merit at the first
election after he had been long enough in
college to meet the standards of the or-
ganization. When the fraternity of Phi
Kappa Phi was organized to admit from
the entire institution a dozen or four-
teen of the most talented students, Al-
fred French's name again was iri the
first list of initiates from his class.

Now the college course is over and
the work for which it has been a prepara-
tion has commenced. To a man with a
record of this sort more than one oppor-
tunity is sure to present itself. A few
weeks ago there came to my desk a re-
quest from a great university of the far
west calling for talented students to take
up positions as assistants while continu-
ing their college training with a view to
entering the professional field in agricul-
ture. There were not many whom I
could recommend for work of this type
but "Al" French was one and I called

AM oRcMaRd and a college education

^7S

r ■■"'^?t

"Al" French and his father in the orcliard wliich provided his education.

him in. During his junior year he had
made an analysis of the net returns on
the farm. It had revealed an income
which a young man in professional work
could hardly hope to equal. I think, too,
that the task of bringing a productive
and paying industry to New Hampshire's
hills seems worth while to him. At any
rate there was scarcely a moment's hesi-
tation before he answered : "I guess
that the job of raising apples in New
Hampshire is good enough for ^ me."
Thus, when the ceremonies of Com-

mencement were over, "Al" French
turned home to take back the best that
science can give him for the care of the
four or five hundred trees now on the
old home farm. We exj^ect that before
long more promising orchard land in his
neighborhood will be planted to trees.
We may be glad that the opportunity
which New Hampshire presents in this
industry is one which will attract edu-
cated and trained young men of more
than usual ability.

Program for Portsmouth's 300 tli Anniversary

Sunday, August 19 — Morning: Appropriate services in all churches; Afternoon: Sacred
Concert at The Pines; Ezcniny: Historical Address at the Portsmouth Theater.

Monday, August 20 — Morning: Historical address and band concert at the playgrounds;

Afternoon: Grand Tercentenary Parade; Evening: Military Band Concert at the

Pines. Grand illumination of 1 he Pines for first time. Fireworks display at Pines

showing episodes of state's history.
Tuesday, August 21 — Morning and Afternoon: Baseball, Marathon races, golf and river

races, band concerts; Evening: Grand opening of the pageant at The Pines.
Wednesday, August 22 — Morning: Drill and dress parade by United States Marines at

the playgrounds. Music by massed bands. Afternoon: Afternoon performance of

the pageant; Evening: Second evening performance of the pageant.
Thursday, August 23 — Morning: Final morning band concert; Afternoon: Dedication

of Memorial Bridge; Evening: Final appearance of pageant with grand finale

features. Finale fireworks display.

Portsmouth's New Memorial Bridge: a modern note in a city

of the past.

WHERE THE PAST LIVES STILL

A Town of Memories

EVERY New England town has Adams the oath of office as President

historic landmarks. One comes and \"ice-President of the new re-

upon them tisually in the heart pul^lic ; Tobias Lear, private secretary

of a brand new district sitting aloof to Washington in those early days ;

from the life about them with the air John Patil Jones, gallant adventurer,

of an old grandmother placidly who waited in Portsmouth while they

watching the yoting life of the house- fitted out the Ranger; Daniel Webster,

hold in which she is a loved but in- as he was when, a young lawyer, he

active member.

But Portsmouth is not like that.
In the long elm-shaded streets the
spirit of the past walks with familiar
tread ; it is the present which intrtides
upon the attention as something not
quite in keeping with the whole.
It is the new Memorial P)ridge which
is an anachronism, not the old pack-
ing-box hotises with their beautiful
doorways, carved with the artistr}' of
a bygone day. Even the people who
throng the streets, and the motorists
who come in such nttmbers each
summer day, are less real, less vividly
alive than the personalities who, in
days past, came and went along the

brought hi.s bride to the house on
\'aughn Street: all these have left
their impress upon the town as
thotigh they were its leading citizens
of the present.

Now and then one reads of a be-
reaved family which keeps for the one
who has gone a place at table always
set, a room in readiness, as though
some day the lost one might come
back. Had Victoria's Prince Consort
hajjpened back to earth, he would have
fottnd his dinner clothes in readiness
and the water for his bath all drawn.
Portsmouth keeps similar vigil. Into
the house on State Street which he
left when the Ranger sailed, John Paul

Portsmouth ways. The Wentworths, Jones might step today without feel-
proud aristocrats representing the ing of strangeness. The canny Scot,
royal control of New Hampshire ; Macpheadris, after nearly two hund-
Governor John Langdon, first Presi- red years might cross the threshold
dent of the United States Senate, who of the fine hotise he built at the cor-
administeredj to Washington and ner of Chapel and Daniel Streets, and

WHERE THE PAST LIVES STILL

377

"Into the house which he left when the Ranycr sailed John Paul Jones might step

without a feeling of strangeness."

find still on the walls those portraits
of Indians with whom he traded and
those other mural decorations repre-
senting historical and Biblical scenes
which, covered by several coatings of
paper, had been lost until a chance
scraping of the walls disclosed them
again. Or that later owner, by whose
name the house is familiarly known
today, Hon. Jonathan Warner, should
he revisit his old home, would find
old scenes vividly recalled : that sj;ain
on the carpet — Lafayette spilled his
wine there ; that lightning rod — it re-
calls a visit from Franklin himself, a
visit in which the scientist complained
that he had difficulty in persuading
people to use his new invention on
their houses. "You can put one on
mine if you like," said his host ; and
the rod is there today.

Standing in the beautiful hallway
of the Colonial Dames House on
Market Street, one has an irresistible
feeling that the English gentleman
and ship-master. Captain John Moffat,
stands at one's shoulder, pointing out

the wood carvings of Grinling Gib-
bons, telling with just a touch of
homesickness of the old English home
of which the American house is a re-
l)roduction, leading one through the
terraced garden with its glory of phlox
and larkspur into the counting house
from which, looking out across the
water, one almost expects to see Cap-
tain Moffat's ship starting on its
journey with masts from Kittery
Point for England.

But it is not only the great ones
whose presence one feels in Ports-
mouth, not only Governors of Pro-
vinces, and statesmen and soldiers
whose names are known far beyond
the limits of Portsmouth and even
of New Hampshire. There is more
humanness perhaps in the traditions
which have to do with Portsmouth's
plain people.

Yet it is very difficult to say, in con-
nection with this town, just who may
be classified as plain citizens. It is
recorded, for instance, that a negro
steward, engaged by Captain Charles

378

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The Marvin House: The doorway and the window above are of
exceptional Rrace and beauty.

abruptly, "come
down and settle
your note."

Angered by
the tone of the
remark, Harris
answered with
equal abruptness.
The Captain
grew red and
furious and
t h r e a t e n ed to
bring suit. The
two friends
stalked away
from each other
each with an air
of deeply wound-
ed dignity. A
few rods and
the edge had
gone off their
injury. Harris
turned and call-
ed to Manning,
"I'll come
half way," was

Coffin for a voyage to Russia, so at-
tracted the attention and the admira-
tion of the Russian emperor that he
became a royal butler and when he re-
turned to Portsmouth some years
later he came resplendent in gold lace
for the purpose of taking his dusky
wife back to Russia to enjoy with him
the glory of court life. Even the
humblest in Portsmouth appear
to possess an aristocracy which
marks them. *

There are two quiet human
stories which are eloquent of the
atmosphere of Portsmouth. One
is of two old-school gentlemen.
Captain Thomas Manning was
a gentleman of some wealth and
to accommodate a friend, he
loaned to Abel Harris a sum of
money. The time agreed upon
for payment was a few days
past when Captain Alanning met
Mr. Harris on the street.

"Harris," said Manning

the reply ; and with measured step the
friends approached each other again.
They met and Harris promised to pay
his debt within the day. He appeared
punctually with the money. He
found Manning waiting. He pre-
sented the payment and his creditor
solemnly handed it back again :

"Mr. Harris, I don't want this

Tlie Langdon House: Benjamin Franklin's lightning
rod still protects it.

WHERE THE PAST LIVES STILL

370

money — you can
have it as long
as you wish —
only be punctual
when the pay
day arrives."

The other
story is a grace-
ful love story,
full of the
(juaintness and
charm of an-
other day.

N i c h o 1 a s
Rousselet, so the
story goes, loved
Miss Catharine
MofFat, l)ut not
until one Sun-
day morning as
they sat together
in her father's
pew did he gain

courage to bring matters to a head. He
handed the lady a Bible in which he had
maked the first and fifth verses of the
second epistle of John: "Unto the elect

Winslow Pierce House in Hajmarket Square. A beautiful

old mansion.

not as though
mandment unto thee, but that which
we had from the beginning, that we
love one another." And Miss Catha-
rine, sitting demurely at his side,
fluttered the leaves of the book,
marked another passage and handed

it back. It was the first chapter of
Ruth, beginning with verse 16 —
"Whither thou goest, I will go ; and
where thou lodgest, I will lodge ; thy
lady.... And now I beseech thee, lady, people shall be my people, and thy
I wrote a new com- Cjod my God. Where thou diest I

will die, and there will I be buried:
the Lord do so to me, and more also
if aught but death part thee and me."
Such are the personalities from out
the three hundred years of Ports-
mouth's history which dominate
her life even today. And in
mentioning them one must not
forget the one to whom in part
they owe their immortality,
that entertaining gossip, with
boundless interest in his fel-
low men, Charles Warren
pjrewster, author of Brewster's
Rambles. This brief sketch
owes much to him, and we
earnestly recommend him as
guide to those of you, who will
make a pilgrimage in this ter-
centenary summer to the town
which was his home. He is a

ready guide and a genial com-
The Moffatt Laclcl House: Now in the possession .j^,-,jqj-,
of the Colonial Dames. i

"Here are benches under cool maples. A group of men are listening to an

expert point out the characteristics of a good horse.

FARMERS' AND HOME-MAKERS' WEEK

A Vacation at School

By Henry Bailey Stevens

VACATIONS, like nearly every-
thing else, depend upoii your
point of view. If you are a
student, for example, you may take
your recreation by sojourning on a
farm ; but if you are a farmer, you
may find it in going back to school.
For several summers it has
been possible to watch this
process at New Hampshire
University, nee College — -
one group leaving for new
pastures, another coining in
hilariously to take their
places. It is a sort of Box
and Cox arrangement,
which keeps the buildings around the
campus perennially busy, and helps to de-
prive the janitor of a historic summer
rest.

Education today no longer stops
with a college diploma, and mature
people are not ashamed to admit that
it is still possible and profitable for

them to learn. This is the signifi-
cance of the Alumni Lectures at Dart-
mouth and of the new Summer School
at Durham. It is a point that has
long been recognized by farmers, who
have such a variety of occupations to
master that they have no difficulty in
keeping an attentive mind.
Farmers' and Home-
Makers' Week at Durham
has become an annual in-
stitution during the third
week of August. It is
unique in combining many
of the advantages of a col-
lege lecture course, a
country fair, an efficiency exhibition and
a village picnic, and in aiming at instruc-
tion without formality and without in-
terfering with the joy of life.

Here, to illustrate, are cool benches
underneath tall maples. A group of
men, some in shirt sleeves, some
without hats, are listening to an ex-

FARMERS' AND HOME-MAKERS' WEEK

381

pert point out the characteris-
tics of a good horse. When
he has finished, one of them
asks him a question. The
others lean forward. You
can read in the eyes of the
(|uestioner eagerness for
knowledge, respect for ex-
perience and that indepen-
dence of judgment which
characterizes the true scholar.
The specialist answers his
question. The answer raises
another. You hegin to realize
that this is the sort of class
where the students conduct
the examination. The pro-
fessor elahorates the point at
issue. Meanwhile, the horse
lazily switches his tail, and
you can s-it hack, half dream-
ily and feel green thmgs
growing. Apparently the

questioners are statisfied. For
some time after the close of
the more formal discussion
they talk with each other.
The man from East Swan-
zey gets acquainted with the
man from New Boston. That
is one of the liest features of
like these ; they
vou feel that vour

meetmgs
make

neiffhhorhood is

larger

than

you had supposed, that it in-
cludes the whole state of New-
Hampshire.

Over there several people
have started out to the poul-
try plant. Another group
who missed the special horti-
cultural meetings of the day
before are on their way to
the University orchards. The
experimental work comes in
for close consideration — the
series of soil rejuvenation
plots, the corn variety test, the
potato disease investigations,
the orchard showing various
types of pruning, the garden

k. ..

LiSm

RPtt .^

\*'

^^gm

liii

mit^'^'-'tiNmm

*»m

r--

w^ -.-■ — -^

«-v,. '^

The largest load of hay ever seen in New Hampshire.
Over four tons of the state's biggest hay crop.

Merrimack County girls in parade.

A relic of ancient days — the original
Webster plow.

Daniel

382

THE GRAKITE monthly

The week is not all work
engaged in pitc

fertility experiment, the nutrition labora-
tory, and the other projects, many of
which have attracted national interest.
At the dairy barn is a herd that has been
built up under ordinary farm condi-
tions to a point where it includes sev-
eral state
champions. The , —
stock barn
shows promis-
ing beef cattle,
sheep and
horses. There
are the pig-
gery, with its
enormous
Berkshires, and
the sheep barn,
where breeding
experiments,
conducted
along Men-
delian lines,
are said to be
the best de-
vised of any of their kind in the world.

While these attractions are inter-
esting most of the men and a few of
the women, another group, composed
entirely of women, is holding a meet-
ing in a lecture room at Thompson
Hall. A public health nurse is tell-
ing how a change in diet has over-
come malnutrition in several of the
families in her community. All of
the various agencies working for bet-
ter health — the State Board of Health,
the Red Cross, the Tuberculosis As-
sociation, the State Board of Chari-
ties and Corrections — are represented.
You feel the concentrated effort of
organized groups to solve a great and
intangible problem, and — what is
better — you feel that they are making
tangible headway.

It is the desire of the administra-
tion of the University to make the
campus a meeting-place for all organ-
izations interested in the state better-
ment ; and while the interests repre-
sented at Farmers' and Home-Mak-
ers' Week are for the most part

Here are students busily
hing horseshoes.

rural, they are not inevitably so.
Women citizens, parent-teachers, min-
isters, librarians, injured soldiers,
these are some of the groups that
have taken the opportunity to join in
the general forum at this time. The

dormitories are
thrown open,
and more and
more people
seize the op-
portunity to
come for the
whole week.
The main ses-
sions have
usually been
held by poul-
try growers,
livestock own-
ers, orchardists,
beekeepers, po-
tato growers,
women's club
members,
health agencies and home demonstration
workers.

Perhaps the most picturesque
group has not been composed of
adults at all, however, but of boys'
and girls' club members. Last year
150 youngsters came as delegates
from clubs all over the state to the
annual Junior jExtension Camp and
Short Course, which is held through-
out the week- This number swelled
on the final day to nearly 500. The
Busy Bees of Alstead, Hasty Pudding
of Loudon, Hoecanoonuc of Milford,
Pequawket and Chataque of Conway,
Sunshine, Jolly Eight, Sugar Valley
and nearly four score other clubs
had performed in original circuses,
sold popcorn, contrived booths at
fairs, given lawn parties, held neigh-
bors up for soap orders, picked ber-
ries, or in some other way raised the
necessary funds to pay the expenses
of their delegates. These fortunate
ones now slept in College dormi-
tories, ate in the College Commons,
walked in the College woods, and

FARMERS' AND HOME-MAKERS' WEEK

383

held a track meet on the College ath-
letic field. This was the sauce, while
the main fare consisted of talks by
specialists and leaders on phases of
garden work, canning, clothing, po-
tatoes, and other club projects, and
demonstration contests to determine
the teams to be sent to the Eastern
States Exposition.

The first three days of the sessions
are more or less specialized ones; but
the final day is a free-for-all. Then
it is that the state moves into Dur-
ham and swamps it. Whole clubs
come in on trucks gaily decorated,
singing their club songs. As far as
the eye can see, the street is lined
with the noses of parked cars.
Groups picnic on the campus and
swarm into the exhibition halls,
where new points on farm and home
practices, electric and gas ma-
chines, specimens of pests and dis-
eases, handy implements and other
attractions hang or revolve. At one
o'clock in the afternoon comes the
roll of a drum. A band appears and
heads the annual Farm and Home
Parade. Behind it decorated floats.

contrived by Farm Bureaus, Granges,
the Marketing Association, the fruit
growers, poultrymen and others, long
lines of club members that occasion-
ally overflow with a cheer, novelty
features such as huge crawling bugs
that represent the Enemy, proud and
sometimes unruly animals, pass in
review before the Governor. For
over a mile the column extends, ef-
fectually refuting the idea that only
a big city can stage a real parade.
The procession ends at the new
grandstand at the Memorial Field,
where the audience tastes the more
solid fare of addresses by national
farm leaders. By five o'clock the
trucks are chugging homeward ; the
campus is deserted ; and Farmers'
and Home-Makers' Week is over till
another year.

In such manner do the farm people
of the state play the part of the stu-
dent for a week each August. Who
shall say that — considering the amount
of time involved — this is not as real
and vital a part of the educational
program as though a college degree
were at stake?

A NEW HAMPSHIRE CRUSADER

NEW Hampshire has never failed to
be in the forefront of every move-
ment for the moral ui)lift of man.
We can turn back the pages of her his-
tory with pride and read of her sturdy
sons who were preaching abolition while
^\'m. Lloyd Garrison was being dragged
through the streets of Boston, and con-
demning intoxicating beverages before
the W. C. T. U. was known. Those
who heard Representative Sibley's fervid
pleas for his eight-hour-sleep bill and
the later pronouncements of Ora Craig
regarding enforcement of the liquor law.
have no fear that our glorious record
will not be maintained. It is doubtful,
however, if any one realizes that a new
movement is being lavmched in this state
which may soon be of nation-wide sig-
nificance.

The movement referred to is Commis-
sioner John F. Griffin's crusade against
the practice of promiscuous osculation
upon the public highways.

Prior to the opening of the present
motoring season Mr. Griffin gave no in-
dication of being more romantic than
any other Commissioner of Motor Ve-
liicles. He resided in state in his huge
apartment at the State House, wallow-
ing in number plates and statistics.
Perhaps last winter the reek and pow-
ihr of battle-scarred Manchester, where
his home is situated, stirred a martial
note in his soul, for it is said, he came
to Concord a changed man. The first
evidences of the change manifested
themselves in certain week end tours
which he took to various parts of the
state, — notably Portsmouth and the sea-

384

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

shore. His march to the sea resembled
Sherman's in that he left terror and
destruction in his wake. The wails of
the wounded filled the newspapers. No
lovelorn youth who allowed his languish-
ing gaze to wander toward the fair one
at his side, or worse yet, tried driving
with one hand, escaped the Commis-
sioner's eagle eye. It is rumored that
even parked cars whose occupants felt
that the love light within made up for
the lack of dimmers without, found
themselves in the iron grip of the law.
Having heard this crusade discussed
in various parts of the state and having
listened to some of the groans of the
maimed, a representative of the Gran-
ite Monthly hastened to interview Mr.
Griffin in his ofiice. The interview was
rather disappointing as he seemed to
have become the prosaic man of affairs
once more. However, a glint in his eye
and a certain tightening of his square
jaw as he spoke of the necessity of law
enforcement and referred somewhat
maliciously to "boljbed haired flappers"
gave one a little thrill and proved that
here was a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,
who, though calm in his ofiice, might be

an avenging tornado upon the road.

The state of New Hampshire may
rest assured that its highways will be
made safe if Mr. Griftin can do it. The
p()ssil)ilities of the situation are most in-
teresting. Doubless the issue involved
will figure in the next campaign. Those
accustomed to political phraseology will
not be surprised to read in the platform
of the Re])ul)lican party under whose
regime Mr. Grifiin was appointed, "We
view with grave concern the increase of
promiscuous osculation and petting and
point with pride to the fearless efiforts
of Commissioner Griffin to suppress this
menace to the prosperity of our great
state." It would surely not be strange
if the Democrats upheld the "personal
llljerty" of young people.

But, joking aside, the Commissioner
IS doing a good work and deserves the
co-operation of every New Hampshire
citizen. When each day's newspaper
carries headlines of fatal accidents on
our highways, the office of Highway
Commissioner takes on added impor-
tance among pul)lic offices. It is gratify-
ing to find a man who takes his duties
seriously as does Mr. Griffin. — N. H. C.

THE HIGH SCHOOL ESSAY CONTEST

Prize Announcements

By Erwin F. Keene

AS I understand it, the object of this
contest was two-fold : first, to
demonstrate the development of
the faculty of ol)servation ; second to
show New Hampshire people that their
sons and daughters could record their
observations with accuracy, simplicity,
and in good readable English.

Mrs. Harriman, Mr. Pearson, and Mr.
May most kindly consented to read and
judge the manuscripts, and their selec-
tion of prize winners and of two more
for honorable mention is a credit to the
students and to the magazine, and a vin-
dication of the faith which prompted
the ofifer of the prizes.

The very titles of most of the manu-
scripts are alluring, but only the very
hest could he regarded as prize material
by the committee of expert writers and
Leacliers. Judging from the few essays
I have seen, it is a foregone conclusion
that some of these young people will in
time distinguish themselves in one or
more branches of the noble art of writ-
ing.

Winston Emery of Keene High
.School, who won chief prize with his
nature study, "An Hour in the Woods,"
shows those remarkable powers of ob-
servation which are most highly devel-

A KITCHEN OF 1825

391

•^r

by folding panelled shutters which were
held firmly in place by wooden bars fit-
ted into sockets half way up the case-
ment. One of these same bars I re-
member was often placed across the
backs of two square-topped Windsor
chairs and from it was suspended the
flannel bag containing the viscid com-
position of real calves-foot jelly that
must he striiined while warm into a
great yellow - ware
bowl set below it.
And this same bar
or one of its mates
served in similar
position to hold the
scales with their
three-foot beam, the
scoop on one end and
the leaden weight-
holder on the other,
set up the day be-
fore Thanksgiving to
weigh out the butter, sugar, and flour
for some of the poor families of the
town.

The fireplace, the glowing eye of the
room, of course, was the center of at-
traction. Although not of the gener-
ous dimensions of its colonial forerun-
ners, it easily held the hickory logs
"once cut," ten cords of which were an-
nually piled in the great barn adjoining
the house after being sawed and split
at the sidewalk edge by some itinerant
wood-sawyer. In a leathern, apron-like
strap, which when folded over the wood
was lifted by its handles, one at each
end, after the manner of a carpet bag,
supplies were brought in daily to fill
the kitchen woodbox. And the kind-
lings ! None of the motley, machine-cut
odds and ends of wood, the refuse of
mills and box factories, but the deli-
cious smelling, old-time, hand-made
"cooper's chips" flaked ofif in great
curving pieces from country oak at the
coopers' shops "down town" by the
wharves where barrels and casks were
made to hold New England rum and
New Bedford whale oil. And to make
certain that the fire would burn

TIk' \'ino^ar Piarrel in tlie Barn

quickly, there was the bark pile in the
barn, a good supply of which was al-
ivays kept on hand.

On the crane in the fireplace was
hung, besides the smaller kettle and the
pot for boiling potatoes and the like, a
great three-gallon water kettle with a
long spout and faucet from which hot
water could always be drawn without
tipping it. Heavy wrought-iron fire-
dogs or andirons
stood beneath the
crane with hook-like
brackets on the
back, toward the fire,
on which to place
a temporary spit,
not, as in modern
ornamental imita-
tions, absurdly hold-
ing a poker, which,
in this position,
would be too hot
to handle. In the fireplace, too,
was the comparatively newfangled in-
troduction, the "copper back log," which
contained a coil of piping and sup-
plied hot water to a tank and to
the bathroon above. These came in
about 1840 and disappeared with the
introduction of coal fires and ranges
with water-fronts. But the iron "fore-
stick" must not be forgotten, — it held
the heaping firewood in place and kept
die fire within prescribed limits and
served, too, as the basis of the thrifty
housekeeper's joke, "Oh! yes! we
save a great deal of wood by having a
copper back-log and iron forestick."

And then there was the water sup-
ply, of which our town was proud to
be in advance of some of its bigger
neighbors in the date of installing. AH
the way from the "fountains," some
miles beyond the town, were laid wood-
en logs bored with a three-inch hole
and fitted into one another. These logs
were connected at right angles with the
house log which stood beside our sink.
There was, of course, no upstairs sup-
ply until a force-pump was set up later,
but many a kettle-full of water was

392

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

The house log and wooden sink.

to a tempt-
i n g pool
thence to be
poured over
the broil
when dished
for the table.
No such de-
licious cook-
ery can be
secured bv
any other
process.

But the
pride of the
old kitchen
was the bat-
tery of boil-
ers and
ovens with
ft r e-b o X e s
beneath
the m o n
either side
of the fire-
place. First
came the

drawn from the wooden fauncet which copper wash-boiler, with its individual
had a curious way of popping out un- fire-box, ready for Monday observances;
expectedly so that it must be forced next it was the ham boiler, a two-story
back and pounded into i place with a afifair of thick tin, constricted above and
hammer. topped by a smaller detachable steamer

Before the fireplace was set the "tin- for plum puddings and the like, but
kitchen" in which were roasted the tur- being seldom used, it served to hold the
keys, chickens, cuts of Ijeef, and legs of stock of sulphurous friction matches;
mutton. Spitted and skewered in place, this, too, had its own fire-box below. Be-
these were every now and then given a yond the large, open fire-place, again with
half-turn by the crank at the end in an individual fire-box, was the Rumford
order to bring the other side of the oven, always in great demand just be-
roast to the fire, for the clockwork fore Thanksgiving and Christmas. This
"jack," a survival of colonial days, invention of the famous Count Rum-
was then not much used in city houses. ford may still be found in old kitchens
Frequently, too, the door at the back and possibly still may be used in some
of the tin-kitchen was opened and with of them, but it is a curiosity to most
a long-handled spoon the roast was persons of the present generation. Made
basted from the drip pan below. And of iron, deep set in the brickwork, its
the delightful bed of coals that evolved door opened by a brass handle, while
in the old fireplace ! And such succu- two small ventilators below and another
lent beefsteaks and mutton chops as above leading to the chimney flue regu-
were cooked over them on the heavy lated the temperature. When the door
gridiron, the small grooves of which was thrown open a cavern some three
leading to a large groove near feet deep was disclosed with a slatted
the handle, conducted the juices iron shelf in the middle, which could be

A KITCHEN OF 1825

393

pulled forward by means
of rods with brass knobs
outside the frame of the
oven. In it, not onl>
the daily l)read, or de-
lectable cake and the
"Molly Saunders" gin-
gerbread, but a full
dozen pies could be
baked at one time.

Beyond the oven was
the closet for the family
of i)ots and kettles of
iron, brass, and copper
scoured fresh and bright,
with curious skillets and
frying pans and the
long-handled breadtoast-
er hinged at the junction
of the handle and rack
so that, by an easy
swinging of the afifair.
the slices of toasting
bread could be turned
without reaching in
where the fire was too
hot for comfort. The
kitchen had a more dis-
tant closet where larger
things were kept and
big roomy store closets
for groceries and the usual kitchen sup-
plies. The tongs, poker, and fire shovel
were always standing near the fireplace
in an angle of the brickwork ; the turkey
wings, saved to sweep up the hearth,
hung on the oven knobs; the bunch of
iron meat skewers was swinging from
a nail higher up ; and on the soapstone
frame of the ham boiler was kept the
friendly bellows ever ready to assist in
putting new life into a pile of dving
embers.

With this elaborate and tenderly
cared for outfit for the roasting and
toasting, the baking and broiling of
good things, it is a wonder that the day
of days for the children of the familv
was the day before Thanksgiving? It
was the custom in that homogeneous age
to weigh out and measure out flour,
sugar, tea, potatoes, butter, etc., and with
small turkeys, chickens, and legs of mut-

Thc smoke rKcm in tb.e attic.

ton to pack tempting baskets for fami-
lies less fortunate than our own in
worldly goods for their Thanksgiving
celebration. It was a Ijusy day and the
kitchen was the centre of activity.
Bundles and cloth bags — for paper ones
had not then appeared — were carefully
stulTed with good things. It is ^easy
to recall our sturdy old darky, who for
that day was pressed into the service as
express man, with his huge market-
basket, a head of celery protruding from
one of its double covers and the yellow
legs of a pair of chickens from the other.
The Rum ford oven was in full blast,
the matches were taken out of the
boiler top. the fire-lighted beneath ; even
the wash-boiler was called into service
and the whole battery was engaged.
While real pies were being made at a
great table, we children made our toy
ones; that is, we had a piece of dough

394

THE GRANITE MONTHLY

to keep us quiet and that dough re-
sembled brown-bread dough l^efore our
pie was moulded to our taste.

Only previous to a dinner party or
Thanksgiving were these wholesalle
preparations for feasting undertaken, so
that it is not strange that the New Eng-
land feast day brings easily to mind, —
not the ordering of a few baskets of

fruit by telephone — Init a cosy twilight
room, littered with heavy, curious im-
plements, reeking with good smells,
noisy and cheerful consultations and
laughter, and at last, out of chaos, an
orderly pile of interesting packages ap-
pearing to have spilled out of a full
larder no corner of which was left
empty.

WHAT QUALITIES MAKE FOR SUCCESS?

Some Prominent Women and Girls Answer the Question

HAT qualities or characteristics pathetic alike with beggars and kings.

Help all in every way you can. Be es-
[)ecially considerate of the cast down in
spirit, the weak who have fallen, and
charitable to the self-righteous — who
need to fall. Radiate courage and good
cheer and keep alive a fine faith in God
and vour fellow men.

WW are most necessary to the attani-
ment of success in this world?
We asked the question of a grouj) of
successful and i)rominent women in the
state. We asked it also of some girls
in high school. The answers need no
editorial comment, but perhaps the key-
note of the replies may be summed up
in the words of Hugh Walpole : " 'Tisn't
life that matters; it's the courage one
brings to it."

DR. ANNA B. PARKER
New Hampton, N. H.
President of the N. H.
League of IT omen looters
Success is. first of all, a vision of
achievement so well worthwhile that it
fires the spirit with enthusiasm and
courage to undertake its fulfilment.

The second requisite is faith in the
power and intelligenoe of the hidden
self to turn all circumstances and events
of life toward the final goal.

The final demand is for hard and per-
sistent work that refuses to admit defeat
or allow any discouragement to paralyze
or lessen effort.

It is also a great help to feel there
is no urgent need of hurry.

FRANCES PARKINSON KEYES
Washington. D. C.
Wife of Senator Henry W . Keyes
It seems to me that, first of all. a girl
must have a tiny spark of that flame
we call talent. .. .Given that little spark
the rest of the formula is simple. I
heard a great sculptor say once that it
could be expessed in three words —
"Work — work — work." I should alter
that a little and sav,
pray."

'Work— fight-

DAISY DEANE WILLIAMSON

State Home Demonstration Leader
Neiv Hampshire College

A real vision of life's work, stability
of character, energy, good judgment,
reliability, leadership, promptness in ac-
tion, "stick-to-it-iveness" and a pleasing
personality.

EMMA L. BARTLETT

Raymond. N. H.

Member of the Neiv Hampsl