HARVARD UNIVERSITY
VErlrai
LIBRARY
OF THE
Museum of Comparative Zoology
The Great Basin Naturalist
VOLUME XI, 1951
Vasco M. Tanner, Editor
IVblished at Provo, Utah, by
Department of Zoology and Entomology
of Brigham Young University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume XI
NUMBERS 1-2 — SEPTEMBER 29, 1951
Pacific Islands Herpetology No. IV, Admiralty Islands,
Vasco M. Tanner 1
New Species of Dolichopodidae from California and Utah
(Diptera), F. C. Harmston _ 11
On Eight New Southern Millipeds, Illustrations,
Ralph V. Chamberlin 19
Records of American Millipeds and Centipeds Collected by
D Elden Beck in 1950, Illustrations, Ralph V. Chamberlin 27
New Neotropical Water-Striders (Hemiptera-Veliidae) ,
Carl J. Drake 37
Stridulatory Organs in Saldidae (Hemiptera), Illustrations,
C. J. Drake and F. C. Hottes 43
Notes on Some Cicindelidae of the Western United States
and the South Pacific Islands with a Description of a
New Species, Vasco M. Tanner 47
Erratum Page 52
NUMBERS 3-4, DECEMBER 29, 1951
Pacific Islands Herpetology, No. V, Guadalcanal, Solomon
Islands, A Check list of species, Illustration,
Vasco M. Tanner _ _____ 53
New County Records of Salientia and a Summary of known
distribution of Caudata in Oklahoma,
Arthur N. Bragg and W. F. Hudson 87
Two New Ants from Western Nevada (Hymenoptera,
Formicidae), Illustrations, Marion R. Smith 91
The Cerambycoid Semi-Aquatic Coleoptera of the Nevada
Area, Ira La Rivers 97
New Distribution Records of Utah Siphonaptera with the
Description of a new species of Megarthroglossus Jordan
and Rothschild 1915, Illustrations, Vernon J. Tipton
and Donald M. Allred 105
On Five new American Lithobiid Centipeds,
Ralph V. Chamberlin _ 115
Index to Volume XI 119
if
> ' Vrr
Volume XI
ifiM
JUL 22 1952-
K.V?VAR0
!MV£:is/TY
Numbers 1-2
The Great Basin Naturalist
September 29, 1951
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pacific Islands Herpetology No. IV, Admiralty Islands,
Vasco M. Tanner 1
New Species of Dolichopodidae From California and
Utah (Dipteria), F. C. Harmston 11
On Eight New Southern Millipeds, Illustrations
Ralph V. Chamberlin 19
Records of American Millipeds and Centipeds Collected
by Dr. Elden D. Beck in 1950, Illustrations,
Ralph V. Chamberlin 27
New Neotropical Water-Striders (Hemiptera-Veliidae)
Carl J. Drake . 37
Stridulatory Organs in Saldidae (Hemiptera) , Illustrations,
C. J. Drake and F. C. Hottes 43
Notes on Some Cincidelidae of the Western United States
and the South Pacific Islands With a Description
of a New Species, Vasco M. Tanner 47
Erratum Page . 52
Published at Provo, Utah, by the
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University
The Great Basin Naturalist
A journal published from one to four times a year by the De-
partment of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah.
Manuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining
to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will
be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the editor.
Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to
having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus-
trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu-
script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are to
be made under the subervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts
is to be borne by the contributor.
Reprints: No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price
list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof.
Subscription: The annual subscription is $2.50, (outside the
United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents.
All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re-
prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor,
Vasco M. Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young Uni-
versity, Provo, Utah.
Reprints Schedule of The Great Basin Naturalist
2 pp.
4 pp.
6 pp.
8 pp.
10 pp.
Each
Additional
12 pp. 2 pp.
50 copies
$3.25
$4.75
$5.75
$6.75
$7.75
$8.75 $1.50
100 copies
4.75
5.75
6.75
7.75
8.75
9.75
200 copies
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
300 copies
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
Covers: $6.00 for first 100 copies; $2.50 for additional 100 copies.
/ mm
(/(/' 22 1952
The Greari5asi4^ Naturalist
Published by the
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
Volume XI SEPTEMBER 29, 1951 Nos. Ill
PACIFIC ISLANDS I IERPETOLOGY NO. IV
ADMIRALTY ISLANDS 0)
VASCO M. TANNER
Professor of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah
INTRODUCTION
This is the fourth report on the South Pacific Islands Herpetol-
ogy. It is concerned with specimens collected on Los Negros Island
of the Admiralty group.
The Admiralty Islands are located between 1° 30' and 3° 10'
South Latitude and 146° and 148° East Longitude, being the most
northerly of the Melanesion Islands. This group was discovered in
1616 by Schouten and Lemaire and consists of Manus, Los Negros,
Los Reyes. Pak, Naura, Rambutvo, Baluan, Sauwai, Lou, Tong, and
other small islands. All these islands are small except Manus which
has an area of more than seven hundred square miles and has moun-
tains that rise to a height of over three thousand feet. Los Negros, the
next largest island of this group, forms an arc around the eastern end
of Manus; the two being separated by a narrow channel. Within this
arc is a good harbor, the Seeadler, which has depths ranging up to
120 feet. The central part of Los Negros was made into the large
Momote airfield which was an important base in General Douglas
MiirArthur's campaign to win back the Philippine Islands and move
on to Japan.
The Admiralties lies about 200 miles north and east of New
Guinea and 260 miles west of New Ireland. New Hanover Island is
between New Ireland and the Admiralties on an arc which extends
through these Islands southward to the Solomon Islands. In 1940
there were about 14,000 natives on the islands, most of them en-
lContribution No. 125, Dept. of Zoology and Entomology, B. Y. U. Provo, Utah.
The Great Basin Naturalist
2 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
gaged in cultivating the coconut, the only commercial crop produced
there. They are worthy sea fareing people fishing and diving for
pearl shells. Their food consists principally of coconut, taro, sago,
yams, bananas, breadfruit, and sugar cane.
The herpetological fauna of this group is poorly known. Boul-
enger, 1887; Hediger, 1937; Mertens, 1934; Peters and Doria, 1878;
Sternfield, 1918; and Vogt, 1912, have made some valuable reports
on the reptiles of this area. However, their efforts have been con-
fined mainly to the Bismarck archipelago. Sternfeld lists 16 species
as having been collected on the Admiralty Islands, none of which
were reported from Los Negros.
Mr. Reimschiissel landed on Los Negros August 27, 1944, and
left on September 16, 1944. Collecting was possible only a part of his
stay on the Island. He reports as follows concerning his camp and
general conditions on the Island:
"My camp was located on a very bare part of the island where
coral sand and coral rock made up the soil, mixed with old and de-
cayed parts of plants which accumulated where the water puddled.
Plant life is not as luxuriant as on Guadalcanal, the insects do not
seem as numerous, but the bird life is plentiful. It rains one to two
times each day. The water when in still pools has a milky color.
Sometimes in small drainage areas the streams are also milky in
color.
"My time was very limited and even at night the lights were
turned off, forcing me to hold off with my record keeping or other
writing. During these long hours of darkness I went hunting for
frogs with a flashlight. Many of them were croaking and calling to
one another. One species I observed is a small brownish one which
hides under the coral rocks and amongst the plants. A beam of light
would not frighten them so with their continual croaking I was able
to catch five specimens."
I wish to extend my thanks to Mr. Reimschiissel for his interest
and care in making collections of the reptiles and insects he en-
countered. The species listed below are, for the most part, new
records for Los Negros Island.
AMPHIBIANS
Family Hylidae
HYLA INFRAFRENATA INFRAFRENATA GUNTHER
Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., (3) XX, 1867, p. 56.
Sept. 29. 1951 PACIFIC 1M.ANDS HERPETOLOGY NO. IV 3
BYU 7309, 7314 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept. 16, 1944
BYU 7315, 7316 Los Negros
7326
Those specimens agree in measurements and color with those
reported from Morotai Island. Two adult specimens (7309, 7316)
arc (lark lavender blue in spirits. From Mr. Reimschiissel's notes I
record the following: "I saw a large green frog which eluded my
grasp; it landed on an elephant's ear and I managed to catch it. It
was green, long legged, with golden colored eyes — the pupil going
Longitudionally with the body. These were a number of small green
frogs of which three or four were caught. I do not know whether
these were immature or mature frogs but they were found in the
forest area dining the day time, out in the sun or shade or on the
tops of leaves which would hold their weight. Another small greenish
brown frog was caught in the forest living under logs."
Family Ranidae
PLATYMANTIS sp.
BYU 7310-11, 7320 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
BYU 7321-22, 7323 Los Negros
7324
It is not possible to make a specific determination of this species
at present. I have compared it with specimens of P. papuensis web-
eri Schmidt from the Tenaru River on Guadalcanal, collected by
Robert C. Pendleton, and P. corrugatus papuensis collected at Hal-
landia, New Guinea by Mr. Reimschiissel. Dr. Walter C. Brown now
has specimens BYU 7310-11 and 7320, making a study of them in
comparison with Platymantis species now contained in some of the
American collections. The four specimens before me are all about
30 mm. in length.
LIZARDS
Family Gekkonidae
GEHYRA OCEANICA (LESSON)
Lesson, Voyage Coquille, Zool. II, I, 1830, p. 42 pi. II, fig. 3.
BYU 7179 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept. 7, 1944
Los Negros
One female specimen of this wide spread species was reported
for the Admiralty Islands by Sternfeld.
The Great Basin Naturalist
4 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Family Scincidae
DASIA SAMARAGDINUM PERVIRIDIS BARBOUR
Barbour, Proc. N. Eng. Zool. Club, Vol. VII, p. 106, 1921
BYU 7162, 7207-18 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
Los Negros
Rostal two times as broad as high, in contact with the first
supralabial, nasal and frontonasal; no internasals present; prefront-
als contact the frontonasal, two loreals, anterior supraocular, frontal,
and meet at a point dorsally; frontal extends back to the frontoparie-
tals and contacts three supraoculars; two pair of nuchals; lower eye-
lid scaly; ear-opening small with two small lobules anteriorly; supra-
labials six and seven in contact with subocular; eight supralabials
and seven infralabials; mental twice as broad as high in contact with
the first lower labial and the first large transverse chin-shield, which
is in contact with the two lower labials on both sides. Dorsal scales
not keeled, in 22-24 rows around the middle of the body. Fingers and
toes quite long, with claws; fourth toe with 29-31 lamellae. Heel
with a large oval scale. Body length 76-78 mm.; tail length 117-122
mm. Specimens in alsohol are a bluish green color throughout. Mr.
Reimschiissel recorded the following concerning this skink: "The
large green lizards turned slightly blue when in solution, are usually
found on trees, especially where a Philodendron vine is growing. One
of these green lizards, when caught, vomited a part of a grasshopper
which is still in the bottle. September 5, caught three more green
lizards on trunks of trees; fellows in the office say they run about
in the early morning, even jumping for flies."
This subspecies is a geographical race distributed south from the
Admiralty Islands throughout the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon
Islands to North East New Guinea. Loveridge (1948) reports it from
many localities in New Guinea. Barbour's type was an adult from
Fulkora, Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands. The thirteen specimens
from Los Negros are fairly uniform in size and color; also in scale
counts. Four specimens have a 22 scale ring around the body at the
middle; seven (23) and two (24). Twelve have eight supralabials;
one (9). All have seven infralabials, and two have 29 lamellae un-
der the fourth toe; seven (30) and two (31). The scalation is similar
in the Philippine. Morotai and Los Negros specimens. The Los
Negros specimens lack the dark spots and gray color found on the
body of the Morotai and Philippine specimens. The dorsal surface
Sept. 29, l()"ll PACIFIC ISLANDS HERPETOLOGY NO. IV 5
of the hind legs of the Los Negros specimens is brown in color with
some white spots. The thirteen Los Negros specimens average less in
body measurements and are not as robust in body build as specimens
of this genus from Morotai and Philippine Islands.
LYGOSOMA (LEIOLOPISMA) FUSCUM LUCTUOSUM (PETERS
& DORIA)
Heteropus luctuosus Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Ge-
nova, Vol. 13, p. 364, 1878.
BYU 7163-66, 7172-78 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Aug. 25-
BYU 7221-26, 7228-30 Los Negros 30, 1944
BYU 7240-44
Rostral twice as broad as high, with a broad contact between the
frontonasal and the nasal; frontonasal one and one half times as
broad as high, nostril in the nasal; no supranasals; frontal as long as
the frontoparietal and in contact with the two anterior supraoculars;
4 supraoculars; 7 supraciliaries; interparietal present but small;
parietals in contact; a pair of nuchals and temporals; 7 supralabials,
4 before the subocular; 6 infralabials; submental large and in contact
with the first and second infralabials, 31-34 mid-body scale rows; 29-
33 lamellae under the fourth toe; total length, specimen BYU 7228,
160 (55-105) mm.; average body length 50 mm., tail length 81 mm.
Color in spirits dark brown above, whitish on underside of body and
the tail, otherwise there are no other color markings on the speci-
mens.
Reimschiissel notes that these lizards are dark brown in color
above and yellowish white beneath. lie also records finding this
brown colored species, and specimens that were dark colored with
yellow body stripes, associated together on the coral rocks.
For the present I am inclined to follow Loveridge and consider
the subspecies of fuscum in this area to be luctuosum. The Los Negros
specimens under consideration agree very closely in body measure-
ments and scale counts with Loveridge's description and key of the
subspecies luctuosum. Loveridge considered one specimen, from New
Britain archipelago, and now in the Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology, as belonging to this subspecies.
Robert Sternfeld, 1918, reported hygosoma (Liolepismo) fuscum
from New Britain and Galwan Island, one of the Admiralty group.
He reports that the eight Galwan Island specimens have 32 mid-
IhkIv scale iows. and 28 to 30 lamellae under the fourth toe.
The Great Basin Naturalist
6 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
EMOIA MIVARTI BOULENGER
Boulenger, Cat. Liz. Ill, p. 292, pi. XXIII, fig. 1, 1887.
BYU 7167-7171 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Aug., 1944
BYU 7186-7206 Los Negros Sept., 1944
7234-7239
Rostral twice as broad as high, in contact with first upper labial,
two small nasal scales and frontonasal; frontonasal one and one half
times as broad as long; prefrontals widely separated by the frontal;
frontal as long as the undivided frontoparietal; parietals and tem-
porals large, nuchals small; four supraocular, two loreals between
the nostril and preocular; seven supraciliaries; lower eyelid with a
transparent disk; ear opening oval, with two short anterior lobules;
supralabials seven to eight, five before the large subocular; seven to
eight infralabials, submental larger than the mental. Scale rows at
the middle of the body 33 to 36 (4-33, 7-34, 7-35, 2-36), smooth and
smaller laterally. Preanals only slightly enlarged. Length of body
and tail 120 mm. (50 + 70). Limbs well developed; fourth toe with
40 to 46 lamellae.
The color of preserved specimens is dark brown dorsally, bor-
dered by two whitish lines which involve part of two rows of scales.
These two white lines have their origin in the supraciliaries and pass
backward through the temporals and nuchals along the body above
the bind legs and on to the tail. Another pair of white lines extend
from the supralabials to the groin. In some specimens there are two
to five lines radiating out from the axilla. The ventral part of the
body is light in color.
Mr. Reimschiissel reports that live specimens of this species had
white and yellowish stripes on the dark brown dorsal body wall and
were white in color on the venter and tail.
Loveridge, 1948, considers Roulenger's Tygosoma mivarti
(part?) from Admiralty Islands as a synonym of Emoia baudinii
boudinii D & B. I have not followed Mr. Loveridge in this treatment
of the Los Negros specimens since the scale rows around the middle
of the body, the lamellae of the fourth toe, the body and tail length,
and general color agrees more with Boulenger's description than that
set forth for baudinii by Loveridge. Sternfeld lists mivarti from the
Admiralty Islands. He reports the body scale rows as 31 to 36 and
the lamellae of the fourth toe as 35 to 42.
Specimens number BYU 7196 and 7235 are, through an ex-
change, in the Stanford University Natural History Museum.
Sept. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. iv
EMOIA ATROCOSTATA (LESSON)
Lesson, Voy. Coquille Zool. II p. 50, pi. IV, Fig. 3, 1830
BYU 7180 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept. 7, 1944
Los Negros
Rostral two times as broad as high, in contacl with the firsl
supralabial, two nasal and frontonasal scales; frontanasal not as high
as the frontal with which it forms a broad contacl; a small inter-
parietal separated from the frontoparietal; two loreals; lower eye-
lid with a transparent disk; ear opeing as large as the palpebral disk;
mental larger than the submental; first infralabial wedge shape be-
tween the mental and second infralabial, not in contact with the
submental. Seven lower and seven upper labials; 39 scale rows,
about the same in size, around the body at the middle; scales smooth;
preanal scales enlarged. Limbs well developed; fourth toe with 37
smooth lamellae below.
Color greyish above, with small black dots irregularly placed
over the body; under surface of body and tail whitish. Total length
of specimen is 182 mm. (63 + 119). Only one specimen of this
species collected.
Sternfeld lists two specimens from Dim Island of the Admiralty
group. The body scale rows are reported as 38 and the lamellae of
the fourth toe 36-38. This species has a wide distribution according
to Nelly de Rooij.
EMOIA CYANOGASTER (LESSON)
Lesson, Zool., in Duperry, Voyage autour du Monde sur La Coquilie,
Vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 47, pi. Ill, fig. 3, 1830.
BYU 7181, 7233 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
Los Negros
Snout long, pointed, rostal broader than high, frontonasal as
broad as high, frontal narrowly in contact with the frontonasal; in-
ternasals not longer than the frontal; interparietal not present; parie-
tals large and in contact behind the frontoparietals: nuchals and tem-
porals small; loreals, second about twice as long as the first; four
Mipiaoculars; six superciliaries; lower eyelid with transparent disc;
supralabials, seven to eight; infralabials, six; submental larger than
the mental. Ear opening small, guarded with one or two short lob-
ules; body scales smooth, longer dorsally than laterally, 24 rows
around middle of body; two preanal scales enlarged; total length of
specimen RYU 7181. 178 mm. (50 + 128), the tail is more than two
The Great Basin Naturalist
8 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
and one half times as long as the body; legs well developed, especially
the hind ones which may be extended to reach the axilla of the front
ones; lamellae under the fourth toe, 82-87.
Color above brown with two greenish blue lines extending from
back of the eyes to the thighs; iridescent with small black dots, under
color a blue-green.
Sternfeld reports one specimen of cyanogaster from the small
island of Pak; de Rooij records it from the Bismarck Archipelago and
Loveridge lists one specimen from New Britain. This species has
very fine lines and is one of the most interesting species of the genus
Emoia. Sternfeld lists iridescens Blgr. from Pak island, while Love-
ridge considers iridescens as a synonym of cyanogaster.
EMOIA CYANURA (LESSON)
Lesson, Zool. in Duperry, Voyage autour du Monde sur La Coquille,
Vol. 2 pt. 1, p. 49, 1830.
BYU 7182 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
Los Negros
Rostral about twice as broad as high; nortril between three small
scales; frontonasal broader than long, forming a broader suture with
the rostral than the frontal; no internasals present; frontal not as
long as the frontoparietal which is single; interparietal not present;
parietals large; nuchals a little broader than the temporals; lower
eyelid with a transparent disk; ear opening oval with two or three
short anterior lobules; supralabials seven, four before the large sub-
ocular, infralabials seven; mental two times as broad as long; scales
smooth, the dorsal ones larger than the lateral ones. 30 rows around
the middle of the body; preanal scales slightly enlarged, 69 lamellae
under the fourth toe. Total length 129 (46 + 83).
Color black with three cream white iridescent streaks on the
back; the dorsal stripe covers the inner positions of the two dorsal
scale rows while the two lateral stripes are on the outer two thirds of
a scale row. The ventral color is white under the chin becoming
bluish around the hind legs and the tail.
Eight specimens of this species were reported from Olim Island
of the Admiralty group by Sternfeld. Reimschiissel collected only a
single specimen on the Island of Los Negros. The lamellae of the
fourth toe on the specimen before me are greater in number than is
usually reported for this species. The other characteristics seem to
justify considering it as cyanura.
Sept. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. iv 9
EMOIA CAERULEOCAUDA de VIS
deVis, Ann. Queensland Mus., No. 2, p. 12, 1892.
BYU 7183, 7219-20 Admiralty Islands (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
Los Negros
This species is represented by three specimens which agree with
Loveridge's findings. The prefrontals are broad and fused with the
interparietal; parietals large, temporals and nuchals small; lower
eyelid with a transparent disk; ear-opening oval, same size as the
palpebral disc. Body with 31-34 smooth scales around the middle, the
dorsal scales larger than the lateral ones; fourth toe with 46-50
smooth lamellae below.
Color in life and spirits similar to cyanura, except the light
stripes are not as iridescent in caeruleocauda and the under parts and
tail are not as blue green.
LITERATURE CITED
Barbour, Thomas
1912. A Contribution to the Zoogeography of the East Indian
Islands. Mem. Mus. of Comp. Zool. Vol. 44, pp. 1-203,
pis. I- VIII.
Burt, Charles, and May D.
1932. Herpetological Results of the Whitney South Sea Ex-
pedition. VI. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. 63, pp. 461-
597, figs. 1-38.
Loveridge, Arthur
1948. New Guinean Reptiles and Amphibians in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology and United States National Mu-
seum. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, Vol. 101,
No. 2, pp. 305-430.
Rooij. Nelly de
1915. The Reptiles of the Indo- Australian Archipelago I, La-
certilia, Chelonia, Emydosouria, Leiden, pp. XIV + 384,
figs. 1-132.
Sternfeld, Robert
1918. Zur Tiergeographie Papuasiens und der Pacifischen
The Great Basin Naturalist
JO VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Inselwelt. Abhand, Senckenbert. Naturf. Ges., Vol. 36
pp. 375-436, pi. XXXI.
Tanner, Vasco M.
1950. Pacific Islands Herpetology No. Ill, Morotai Island.
Great Basin Naturalist, Vol. X, Nos. 1-4, pp. 1-30, figs.
1-13.
NEW SPECIES OF DOLICHOPODIDAE
FROM CALIFORNIA AND UTAH (DIPTERA).
F. C. HARMSTON
Salt Lake City, Utah
This report includes descriptions of five apparently undescribed
species of Dolichopodidae from California and one species from Utah.
CHRYSOTUS SILVICOLUS Harmston, n. sp.
Male. Length, 2 mm. Face greenish, lightly dusted with gray
pollen, its lower portion extremely narrow, barely separating the
eyes. Front green, metallic. Palpi white, very prominent, as long as
second joint of middle tarsi, each with a conspicious black hair near
the tip on anterior surface. Lower orbital cilia white, about eight of
the upper cilia on each side black. Antennae black; third joint small,
about as long as wide, rounded at tip. Arista apical.
Thorax and abdomen green, metallic, lightly dusted with brown-
ish-gray pollen. Bristles of thorax and abdomen black. Legs wholly
black. Fore coxae with black hairs and bristles on anterior surface.
All femora with a row of delicate, black, hair-like bristles on lower,
inner edge. Posterior tibiae not enlarged, with several prominent
bristles on posterior surface, but without conspicuous hairs. Halteres
yellow. Calypters yellow, with black cilia.
Wings gray, hyline; fourth vein noticeably convergent toward
third vein beyond the cross-vein, its last portion parrell with third
vein and ending well in front of the apex of wing; cross-vein situated
at basil third of wing, one-third the length of apical segment of fifth
vein.
Female. Similar to the male in coloration of the body and legs.
Face as wide as the distance between the tips of third and fourth
longitudinal veins. Palpi black, much larger than those of the male.
Described from 27 males and 17 females from California, col-
lected by Mr. P. 1 1. Arnaud, Jr., during the period June 29 to Aug-
ust 18, 1948. Six males and 16 females, which include holotype
male and allotype female, were taken at Pinecrest. Tuolumne Coun-
ty; 21 males and one female were taken at Belle Meadows. Tuolumne
County. Holotype male and allotype female to be deposited in the
11
The Great Basin Naturalist
12 F. C. HARMSTON Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
insect collection of the California Academy of Sciences; paratypes
to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, University of Cali-
fornia and in the collection of Mr. Arnaud and the writer.
Differentia: Chrysotus silvicolus n. sp. resembles C. calif ornicus
Van Duzee, but differs in possessing large white palpi and in having
the cilia of calypters black. In californicus the palpi are small, black
and the cilia of calypters are pale.
MEDETERUS ARNAUDI Harmston, n. sp.
Male: Length, 3 mm.; length of wing, 3.5 mm. Face and front
thickly covered with silvery-gray pollen; width of face equal to the
distance between the tips of third and fourth longitudinal veins.
Proboscis and palpi black, the latter with prominent pale bristles
on anterior surfaces. Antennae black; third joint rounded at tip,
about as long as wide. Arista sub-apical. Post-orbital cilia white,
except for the upper six bristles, which are black.
Thorax and scutellum dull green with supreous reflections,
densely covered with gray pollen; bristles on dorsum of thorax and
the four prominent scutellar bristles, black; three prominent white
bristles are inserted in a row above the base of fore coxae. Abdomen
green, the ground color almost completely obscured by the dense
covering of gray pollen; hairs of abdomen pale. Hypopygium black;
posterior appendages black, about as long as the maximum width
of posterior femora, their apices pointed, with a black, thorn-like,
oblique spine near the tip on outer side; inner appendages yellow,
nearly twice the length of the posterior appendages.
Fore coxae yellowish-brown, their anterior surface clothed with
pale hairs, the bristles at tip yellow. Middle and hind coxae black,
each with a prominent white bristle on outer surface, their anterior
surfaces with pale hairs. Femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow, the last
two joints of all tarsi and the tips of the other joints infuscated. Pos-
terior femora with a row of prominent yellow bristles on the upper
basal half. Posterior basitarsus narrowed at the base, where it bears
a small, tooth like protuberance on inner edge. Length of anterior
tarsal joints as 12-11-9-5-4; of middle tarsi as 22-11-9-5-4; of posterior
tarsi as 9-22-11-6-5. Halteres and clypters white, the latter pale
cilia.
Wings hyaline, without maculations, the veins brownish-yellow;
third and fourth veins parallel and rather close together at tips;
Sept. 29, 1951 new species of dolichopodidae 13
distal segment of fifth vein about one-half the length of posterior
cross- vein.
Female. Similar to male in coloration. The posterior basitarsus
is not narrowed at the base, and it lacks the tooth-like protuberance
present in the male.
Described from 36 males and 48 females taken in California.
Thirty-four males and all the females were collected at Redwood
City, during the period September 2, 1943 to June 12, 1948 by Mr.
P. H. Arnaud, Jr. One male was taken by Mr. Arnaud at San Jose,
May 20, 1947; another male was collected by Mr. W. W. Wirth, at
Sonoma, September 3, 1948. The types will be distributed as follows:
Holotype male and allotype female, both from Redwood City, June
12, 1948, and several paratypes in the insect collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences; paratypes in the U. S. National Mu-
seum, University of California and in the collections of Mr. Arnaud
and the writer.
Differentia: Medeterus arnaudi n. sp. closely resembles M.
californieus Wheeler, to which it traces in the Van Duzee table of
North American species of Medeterus (Psyche, 35:36-43, 1928).
However, in californieus the distal segment of the fifth vein is only
one-half the length of the posterior cross-vein; also, in californieus
the large bristles on the outer surface of middle and hind coxae are
black, whereas with arnaudi n. sp. the corresponding bristles are
white.
APHROSYLUS WIRTHI Harmston, n. sp.
Male. Length, 2 mm.; length of wing, 2.4 mm. Face and front
velvety black, the former of approximately the same width as middle
femur. Palpi black, the anterior surfaces with a scattering of short,
stiff hairs. Postorbital cilia black. Antennae black; third joint tri-
angular, slightly longer than wide, pubescent, with several short,
stiff bristles near the base on upper and lower edges. Arista apical,
slightly longer than the antennae, its basal half conspicuouslv thick-
ened.
Thorax dull, black, lightly dusted with brownish pollen; pleurae
and scutellum concolorous with dorsum, the latter with a pair of
prominent marginal bristles and a single pair of small, hair-like
bristles situated outside the larger pair. Abdomen black, the first
The Great Basin Naturalist
14 F. C. HARMSTON Vol. XL NoS. 1-2
segment extending leaf-like over the base of the halteres. Hypopyg-
ium black, bulbous, entending forward to the posterior margin of the
fifth segment; outer lamellae black, broad at base, with a lateral,
leaf-like process on each side, narrowed at the middle, the apical
half finger-like, curved upward and fringed with short black hairs.
Legs black, with conspicuous black hairs and bristles. Fore
coxae wTith short, stiff black bristles on anterior surfaces. Fourth and
fifth segments of all tarsi compressed dorso-ventrally. Calypters and
their cilia black; halters with black knob, the stem brownish.
Wings uniformly smoky gray in color; second, third and fourth
longitudinal veins jet black and very conspicuously broadened; last
section of fifth vein and the cross-vein of equal length; anal angle
evenly rounded. ■
Described from 11 males and 14 females taken in California by
Mr. W. W. Wirth. Nine males and 10 females were taken at Moss
Beach, San Mateo County, March 21, 1948; one male and two fe-
males taken at Pebble Beach, San Mateo County, January 3, 1948;
one male at Carmel Beach, Monterey County, January 4, 1948 and
two females at Bodega Bay, Sonoma County, October 19, 1947. Holo-
type male and allotype female, both from Moss Beach, San Mateo
County, March 21, 1948 deposited in the California Academy of
Scieneces; para types in the collection of Mr. Wirth and the writer.
Differentia. Aphrosylus wirthi n. sp. is readily distinguish-
able from the known members of the genus by having greatly
broadened second, third and fourth longitudinal wing veins. The
uniformly dark wings and black knobs of the halteres offer other
identifying marks.
NEURIGONA TORRIDA Harmston, n. sp.
Male. Length, 2.8 mm.; length of wing, 2.6 mm. Face silvery
pollinose, the lower portion narrowed with its sides parallel. Front
silvery pollinose. Palpi yellow. Antennae yellow; third joint brown
on apical half; arista black, dorsal. Postorbital cilia pale.
Dorsum of thorax and the pleurae greeninsh-black, with dense
covering of gray pollen. Venter and first two segments of abdomen
yellow, the remainder of abdomen metallic, green with cupreous
reflections. Hypopygium yellow, rounded at apex, without con-
spicuous external appendages.
Sept. 29. 1951 mu species of dolichopodidai 15
Coxae and legs yellow; middle coxae lightly infuscated on outer
surface. I lairs and bristles on anterior surface of all coxae, yellow;
bristle on outer surface of posterior coxae brown. Fore tibiae consid-
erable thickened, equal in diameter to the fore femora. First and sec-
ond joints of fore tarsi of equal length, each approximate^ one half
the length of fore tibia; third joint yellow, somewhat broadened, one
half the length of fourth joint; forth joint noticeably flattened, its
apical half black, slightly more than twice the length of third joint;
tilth joint black, flattened, about one-third the length of fourth joint,
the inner claw normal, the outer claw greatly flattened and truncate
at tip. Length of anterior tarsal joints as 16-16-3-7-3; of the middle
tarsi as 32-14-7-5-5; of posterior tarsi as 20-18-8-6-5. Halters and
calypters vellow. the latter with pale cilia.
Wings grayish hyaline; fourth vein arcuate from a point slight-
ly beyond the cross-vein, from which point it is bowed toward the
third vein, so that the tips of third and fourth venin are well in front
of the apex of wing; distal segment of fifth vein slightly longer than
the cross-vein, their comparative lengths as 7:5.
Described from one male taken at Indio, California, April 1,
1948 by Mr. R. Coleman. This specimen was forwarded to me for
identification by Mr. W. W. Wirth. The holotype male will be de-
posited in the California Academy of Sciences.
Differentia. The peculiar structure of the fore tarsi will readi-
ly distinguish Neurigona torrida n. sp. from other members of the
genus.
SYNTORMON CALIFORNICUM Harmston, n. sp.
Male. Length. 2.7 mm. Face approximately the same width
as anterior femur; lower two-thirds densely silvery pollinose, upper
third lightly pollinose, the blackish ground color perceptible. Front
blue, metallic. Antennae black; second joint overlapping third joint
on innner surface for about one-third its length; third joint approxi-
mately the length of posterior basitarsus, roughly three times as long
as wide. Arista apical, as long as third joint. Lateral and inferior
postorbital cilia pale, the upper cilia black.
Thorax dark green, metallic, with scarcely a trace of white
pollen. Abdomen concolorous with thorax, yet the dorsum with
bronze reflections. Hypopygium mostly embedded; outer appen-
dages small, elongate-oval, approximately the same length as last
segment of middle tarsi, clothed with minute pale cilia. Stems of
The Great Basin Naturalist
16 F. C. HARMSTON Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
halters brown, the knobs white; calypters white with narrow brown
margin, their cilia white.
Coxae, femora, posterior four tibiae and all tarsi black; anterior
tibiae and the extreme base of the middle tibiae brownish-yellow.
Fore coxae with white hairs and bristles on anterior surface. Middle
femora with a row of about six evenly-spaced bristles on the lower
edge. Posterior tibiae gradually but conspicuously thickened on
apical half. Posterior basitarsus notoiceably bent, without a sinuate
bristle on lower surface. It is possible that this species possesses a
sinuate bristle on the lower surface of posterior basitarsus, which
may have been broken off the single specimen at hand. Joints of
fore tarsi as 15-6-5-5-4; of middle tarsi as 15-6-5-4-4; of posterior
tarsi as 8-8 (other joints missing).
Wings grayish hyaline; the apical one-fourth conspicuously in-
fuscated, appearing smoky; fourth evin in apex of wing; posterior
cross- vein olcated at middle of wing; wing norrowed toward the base,
the anal angle not at all prominent.
Described from one male taken two miles east of Canby, Modoc
County, California, July 12, 1947 by R. L. Usinger. ITolotype male
to be deposited in the University of California insect collection.
Differentia. Syntormon californicum n. sp. is readily identi-
fied by the coloration of its wings, it being the only known member
of the genus possessing wings with prominent infuscation on apical
one-fourth.
ARGYRA UTAHNA Harmston, n. sp.
Male. Length, 3.6 mm.; length of wing, 3.5 mm. Face silvery
pollinose. moderately wide, equaling the width of third antennal
joint. Front lightly dusted with silvery pollen, yet the greenish
ground color rather evident on upper portion. Papi black, heavily
dusted with silvery pollen. Lower cilia and the whiskers white. An-
tennae black; first joint with coarse black hairs on upper surface;
third joint long, obtusely pointed, its length equaling the length of
the posterior cross-vein. Arista apical, very prominent and equaling
the length of third antennal joint.
Dorsum of thorax green, metallic,with coppery reflections.
Pleurae green with violet reflections, dusted with silvery pollen.
Scutellum metallic green, with four prominent marginal bristles and
many hairs on the dorsum. Abdomen dark green, metallic, with
Sept. 29. 1951 \i \\ species of dolichopodidae 17
bronze reflections; the second and third segment each with a large,
dull yellowish area on lateral portions. Hairs and bristles of the
abdomen black. Hypopygium and the small finger-like, outer lamel-
lae black.
Coxae black, the apices of fore pair slightly yellowish; anterior
surfaces of coxae with black hairs and bristles. Femora yellow, the
posterior pair blackened on apical fourth. Fore femora with long
slender black hairs on outer surface, their length equaling the width
of femora. Tibiae yellow, the posterior pair blackened and slightly
thickened on apical third. Fore tarsi yellow, the fourth and fifth
segments black; middle tarsi black from tip of second segment; pos-
terior tarsi black. Length of fore tarsal segment as 20-6-5-4-4; of
middle tarsi as 24-9-7-4-4; of posterior tarsi as 15-12-8-5-3. llalteres
yellow; calypters yellow with black tip, their cilia pale.
Wings grayish hyaline, the veins brown; last section of fourth
vein bent forward at its middle; last section of fifth vein one and
one-half times the length of cross-vein.
Described from one male taken by the author at Monticello,
Utah, July 7, 1946. Type to be deposited in the California Academy
of Sciences.
Differentia. Argyra utahna n. sp. closely resembles A. nigri-
coxa Van Duzee in general appearance and coloration. While the
two species differ in the structure of the external hypopygial lamellae
they are most easily separated by the chaetotaxy of middle femora.
Nigricoxa possesses a row of five long, evenly-spaced, black bristles
on lower edge of middle femora. These bristles are longer than the
width of femora; in the case of utahna n. sp. the lower edges of mid-
dle femora are devoid of conspicuous bristles.
ON EIGHT NEW SOUTHERN MILLIPEDS
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
Emeritus Professor of Biology
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
The new millipeds described in the present paper were detec-
ted in the course of a study of a collection made by Hugh Hanson,
now of the Arizona State College at Tempe, chiefly in June and
July of 1947. With the exception of the type of Pseudotremia han-
soni, which was taken at Pineville, Ky, the specimens were all taken
near Gatlinburg, Tenn., in the Smoky Mts. I wish here to express
my thanks to Mr. Hanson for the privilege of examining his interest-
ing collection and for his patience in awaiting a delayed report on it.
Family Paraiulidae
UROBLANIULUS EXUL Chamberlin, new species
General color dark brown, without definite annuli or other
markings, but each tergite becoming darker toward its caudal margin;
last tergite and anal valves nearly black. Head dark above, with a
pair of light spots between antennae; paler on lower part of face.
Antennae nearly black. Legs colorless.
Stipes of mandibles in the male only moderately produced at
distal corner.
Collum with anterolateral corner widely rounded; a single
straight sulcus just above margining sulcus on each side.
Tergites smooth and shining above, only minutely punctate.
Segmental sulcus sharply impressed, not excurved at level of the
repugnatorial pore which is well removed from it.
Form of cauda as shown in fig. 1.
The features of the gonopods are shown in figs. 2 and 3.
Diameter of male holotype, 1.8 mm.
Locality: Tenn.: Gatlinburg Cove, July 22, 1948.
A para type taken at the same place on June 13, 1947, is lighter
in color than above given for the holotype and shows a series of
black spots along the sides over the repugnatorial glands and some
cross-striping above.
This species, and the closely related fumans (Chamb.) occurring
in the same region, differ from canadensis, the generotype, super-
19
20
The Great Basin Naturalist
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Fig. 1. Uroblaniulus exul, n. sp. Anal tergite viewed from the side.
Fig. 2. The same. Anterior gonopods, cephalic aspect.
Fig. 3. Posterior gonopods, caudal aspect.
Fig. 4. Uroblaniulus dixinus, n. sp. Anal tergite, lateral view.
Fig. 5. The same. Anterior gonopods, caudal aspect.
ficially in the less strongly uncate cauda. In the gonopods they differ
from that species in the longer coxites of the anterior pair and in
the much longer, more spine-like process from the mesal margin of
the principal branch of the posterior pair.
Sept. 29. 1951 ON EIGHT NEW SOUTHERN MILLIPEDS 21
UROBLANIULUS DIXINUS Chamberlin, new species
Differing from fumans and exul. the two other species of the
genus known to occur in the Smoky Mt. area, in the larger, more
strongly uncate Cauda, as represented in fig. 4, which may be con-
trasted with fig. 1, representing the Cauda of exul, to which that of
fumans is similar. It also differs from those species in the shorter,
proportionately broader coxal plates of the anterior gonopods and in
the broader distal ends of the telopidites.
Anterior gonopods of form shown in fig. 5.
The type specimen of this species is strongly annulate, there
being across dorsum of each tergite a blackish stripe behind the
sulcus, this stripe narrowing and fading out down each side and
above leaving a light colored caudal border; across the dorsum in
front of the sulcus a dark band enclosing light spots. Sides light.
Legs dusky over a yellowish background. Antennae black. Last
tergite and anal valves black.
Diameter, 1.8 mm.
Locality: Tenn.: Gatlinburg. July 2, 1947.
Genus TENIULUS Chamberlin, new
Characterized by having the mesal blade of the posterior gono-
pods partly sheathed by the major branch, with its free end normally
resting on a pilose lobe from the mesal margin of the principal branch
on the opposite, ectal, side of which typically shows a retrorse process
or barb. Associated with each gonopod on its mesal side are two
strongly setiferous processes of which the posterior is the longer,
the setae very long. Coxal plates of anterior gonopods distally ac-
uminate and typically exceeding the telopodites in length. Cauda
produced and more or less uncate as in Uroblaniulus.
Generotype: Teniulus parvior Chamberlain, new species.
The genus includes also T. setosior, described below.
TENIULUS SETOSIOR Chamberlin, new species
In coloration this is normally a strongly annulate form, show-
ing apale caudal border on each tergite in front of which is a brown
to chestnut annulus; in front of the sulcus across dorsum a blackish
band enclosing a series of light dots. Last tergite and anal valves
black. Antennae usually nearly black. Legs brown or dusky over
a yellowish background. Head with the usual black areas between
22
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 1-2
eyes and extending down between antennae where it encloses a pair
of rather large light spots.
The stipes of mandibles are shown in fig. 6.
From the closely related T. parvior readily distinguished in
having the cauda more strongly uncate, this near its middle being
bent down in the vertical direction as shown in fig. 7.
Gonopods as represented in figs. 8 and 9. In the anterior pair
it will be noted that the coxites are more slender and more prolonged
than in parvior.
This is a slender form in which the male is about 1.6 mm. in
diamenter, the female 1.8-1.9 mm.
Locality: Tenn.: Gatlinburg.
Fig. 6. Teniulus setosior, n. sp. Stripes of right manible, lateral view.
Fig. 7. The same. Anal tergite, lateral view.
Fig. 8. The same. Anterior gonopods, cephalic aspect.
Fig. 9. The same. Posterior gonopods, caudal aspect.
Sept. 29, 1951 on eight new southern millipeds
23
The male holotype was taken July 27, 1947 in the oak-chestnut
area. Three females were taken in "grassy bald" on July 2, 1947.
TENIULUS PARVIOR Chamberlin, new species
Color pattern nearly as in setosior. From that species readily
distinguishable by its smaller size and the form of the Cauda, this
being straight over most of its length and bent down only toward
the distal end as shown in fig. 10.
Gonopods as represented in figs. 11 and 12.
Diameter, 1 to 1.5 mm.
Locality: Term.: Gatlinburg.
About twenty specimens, partly immature and mostly females,
taken June 21, 1947 in "grassy bald", also three specimens, including
the male holotype, taken June 18, 1947 in "spruce-fir."
Fig. 10. Teniulus parvior, n. sp. Anal tergite, lateral view.
Fig. 11. The same. Anterior gonopods, cephalic aspect.
Fig. 12. Left posterior gonopod, cephalic aspect.
Genus SHOSHONIULUS Chamberlin, new
Differing from the related Uroblaniulus and Teniulus in the
large bent telopodites of the anterior gonopods and especially in the
posterior gonopods which apparently lack seteferous lobes and the
anterior branches of which meet at the mesal line.
24
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 1-2
Generotype: Sailus atlantus Chamberlin
In addition to Shoshoniulus idahoanus, Saiulus atlantus, would
seem to conform to this genus.
Family Conotylidae
TRICHOPETALUM MONTIS Chamberlin, new species
Of a dilute yellowish color, the legs colorless.
Ocelli black, forming a lunate patch; typically 9 in number,
arranged in two series, with six in the upper row and three in the
lower. Antennae with first four joints slender, the fifth abruptly
clavately much thickened; third and fifth joints longest. (See fig. 13).
The distinctive features of the male gonopods and of the ninth
legs are shown in figs. 14 and 15.
Length, about 4.5 mm.
Locality: Tenn.: Gatlinburg.
A male taken in grassy area July 18, 1947 and a male in spruce-
fir area July 11, 1947.
Fig. 13. Trichopefalum montis, n. sp. Antenna.
Fig. 14. The same. A gonopod, anterolateral view.
Fig. 15. The same. A ninth leg of male, anterior aspect.
Fig. 16 Borarja monticolene, n. sp. Right gonopod, preaxial view.
Sept. 29, 1951 on eight new southern millipi ds
25
In arrangement of ocelli similar to T. lunatum Harger, the
generotype, but in the structure of the gonopods quite distinct from
tliat and others so far known.
Family Cleidogonidae
PSEUDOTREMIA HANSONI Chamberlin, new species
Color horn brown, paler on lower part of sides and in an areo-
late spot mesad of each shoulder in each tergite and in a stripe along
median sulcus; prozonites more greyish. Legs yellow, with tarsi dar-
ker, brownish.
Body less fusiform than usual, being of nearly uniform width
from sixth to twentieth segment.
Ocelli about 21 in number, arranged in five definite series par-
allel with vertex of head; e.g., 6,5,5,3,2, from above downward.
Collum margined anteriorly, thickened below each lateral angle.
Shoulders of the following segments prominent in the more an-
terior ones, gradually decreasing to the twenty-sixth segment. Lat-
eral striae conspicuous on all segments except the last few where
they are obsolete. Tergites of first three segments essentially smooth.
Beginning on fourth tergite a few longitudinal, narrow and keel-like
tubercles mesad of each shoulder, these tubercles becoming more
numerous in going caudad. and in the middle region forming several
irregular transverse series, the anterior of which extends mesad to
the middle line or, on more caudal segments, to the submesal seti-
gerous tubercle on each side. Tubercles present on all tergites to
the twenty-sixth, the 27 to 29th tergites more simply longitudinally
rugose over the posterior portion.
Length, 29 mm.; width. 3 mm.
Locality: Ky.: Pineville. One female taken July 10, 1947.
Differing from carterensis Bollman, in having the dorsal tuber-
cles elongate, ridge-like and of variable size instead of rounded tu-
bercles of nearly uniform size. Differing from simulans Loomis, a
similarly large species, in the somewhat more numerous and more
regularly arranged ocelli, in the more strongly compressed, ridge-
like tubercles, and apparently in coloration.
PSEUDOTREMIA FRACTA Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum and antennae light brown or grayish brown; mesad of
each shoulder the usual light mottled area. Legs pale.
The Great Basin Naturalist
26 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Eyes pigmented; composed of about 10 ocelli, these arranged in
three series parallel with the top of head, e.g., 4,4,2.
Tuberculatum very strong; on a typical segment those on the
posterior border are elevated beads of circular or oval outline, those
on the anterior part are elongated and moderately compressed from
side to side; tubercles present on all tergites from the second caudad,
but those of the first ones few and confined to posterior area of ter-
gite.
Width, 2.2 mm.
Locality: Tennessee: Gatlinburg Cove, A female taken June 24,
1924.
Characterized especially by the form and distinctness of the
dorsal tubercles, the number of ocelli and the pigmentation.
Family Xystodesmidae
BORARIA MONTICOLENS Chamberlin, new species
A smaller species than B. brunnior Chamb. which occurs in the
same general area. From that species it differs in the details of the
gonopods. (Fig. 16) In these the principal blade is longer, more
slender, and but moderately and evenly curved instead of being
rather abruptly bent mesad as it is in brunnior and geniculata. On
the other hand, the prefemoral spine is proportionately broader and
shorter.
The type is brown above, with a band along posterior margin
of tergites yellowish, and with a yellow spot also on most of the keels.
Pleurae, venter, legs and antennae yellow.
Width, 3.8 mm.
Location: Tennessee: Great Smoky Mts. National Park. One male.
RECORDS OF AMERICAN MILLIPEDS AND CENTIPEDS
COLLECTED BY DR. D. ELDEN BECK IN 1950
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
Emiritus Professor of Biology
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
In the course of field work carried out in various parts of the
United States in 1950, Dr. D. Elden Beck, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah, incidentally collected the millipeds and centipeds listed
in the present paper. Included in the list, however, are a few forms
taken during earlier years. The collection is of interest not only in
embracing representatives of the four new species herein diagnosed,
but also in adding important distributional data on previously known
forms.
DIPLOPODA
Order POLYDESMIDA
Family Polydesmidae
POLYDESMUS COMPLANATUS Linne
New Jersey: Nutley, May 7, 1950, males and females.
A species introduced from Europe.
PSEUDOPOLYDESMUS SERRATUS (Say)
Maryland: Bethesda, November 4, 1949, two specimens; Vermont:
Barre, June 10, 1950, one female.
DIXIDESMUS PHANUS Chamberlin, new species
A species most closely related to D. conlatus (Chamberlin) and
D. sylvicolens Chamberlin. In size, it is much smaller than the for-
mer, its length being 18 mm. as against 22 mm. or more, and some-
what larger than the latter.
From both those species the present one differs in the details of
the gonopods of the male, e.g. in having a terminal tooth set at right
angles to the axis, in the arrangement of the teeth and setae on the
terminal division, in the larger ectal process which extends farther
caudad and overlaps the axillary spine, and in having the tooth on
the mesal edge proximad of the level of the cushion abortive. The
axillary seta or spine is characteristically geniculate near its base
and arises much closer to the cushion than in the other species. See
further Fig. 1.
27
28
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 1-2
Fig. 1. Dixidesmus phanus, n. sp. Left gonopod of male, ectal aspect.
Fig. 2. Auturus becki, n. sp. Right gonopod of male, caudal aspect.
Fig. 3. Nannolene corticolens, n. sp. Gonopods of male, anterior aspect.
Locality: Florida, Suwannee River. Five specimens were taken on
April 15, 1950. Type and para types in writer's collection, University
of Utah.
Family Xystodesmidae
APHELORIA CORIACEA (Koch)
New York: Ithaca, June 13, 1950, male and female.
EPELORIA LEIACANTHA Chamberlin
Georgia: Ft. Benning, one male, which is larger in size than the
types, taken April 16, 1950.
HARPAPHE sp.
California: Muir Woods National Monument, one female of uncer-
tain species, August 10, 1950.
ZINARIA CALA Chamberlin
Florida: Suwannee River, one male, April 15, 1950.
Family Eurydesmidae
SEMIONELLUS PLACIDUS (Wood)
Georgia: Ft. Benning, four specimens, April 16, 1950.
Sept. 29, 1951 American millipeds and centipeds 29
Family Stiodesmidae
PSOCHODESMUS CRESCENTIS Cook
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid; several speci-
mens, April 7, 1950.
Family Strongylosomidae
OXIDUS GRACILIS (C. Koch.)
North Carolina: Greensboro, several specimens, April 22, 1950.
An Asiatic species introduced and now widely established, es-
pecially familiar in greenhouses.
Family Euryuridae
AUTURUS BECKI Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum dark brown, with the usual median light spot on caudal
border of each tergite, this spot very large and probably orange or
yellow in life but now bleached out; a similar light spot on and ad-
jacent to each keel. Legs yellow.
Last dorsal plate with sides parallel over middle part of length,
and caudad of this a little converging to the rounded posterior cor-
ners; caudal margin slightly indented at middle.
The gonopods of male nearest in form to those of A. georgianus
Chamberlin, but more robust; the outer distal lobe relatively more
elongate, and more curved and pointed at the end instead of being
widely rounded. See further, Fig. 2.
Length, 23 mm.; width, 2.8 mm.
Locality: Florida, Suwannee River, five specimens, April 15, 1950.
Type and paratypes in writer's collection, University of Utah.
Order JULIDA
Family Julidae
DIPLOIULUS HORTENSIS (Wood)
Vermont: Quechee (near Randolph), one specimen, June 9, 1950.
A species well established in the Eastern States but probably
originally introduced from Europe where, in recent years, it has
been most commonly known as Cylindroiulus frisius Verhoeff.
The Great Basin Naturalist
30 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
DIPLOIULUS CAERULEOCINCTUS (Wood)
New Jersey: Nutley, several, May 7, 1950; Vermont: Quechee, one
female, June 9, 1950.
This species, abundant in the east, is an essentially synanthropic
form which occurs commonly also in England and other parts of
western Europe.
OPHYIULUS PILOSUS (Newport)
Virginia: Charlottesville, several specimens, April 26, 1950; Ver-
mont: Quechee (near Randolph), one specimen, June 9, 1950.
Family Nemasomidae
NOPOIULUS MINUTUS (Brandt)
Utah: Salem, several specimens, April 15, 1949. Provo, one speci-
men, October 18, 1950.
A synanthropic species introduced from Europe.
Family Paraiulidae
TAIULUS TIG ANUS ( Chamberlin )
Utah: Springville, several, collected by V. J. Tipton, April 6, 1949,
Canyon Glen at Provo Canyon, several specimens taken by D. Elden
Beck, May 22, 1947.
Order LYSIOPETALIDA
Family Callipodidae
SPIROSTREPHON LACTARIUM (Say)
New York: Ithaca, one, June 19, 1940.
In addition immature specimens of this or a related form were
taken at Lake Placid, Florida.
Order SPIROBOLIDA
Family Spirobolidae
SPIROBOLUS SPINIGERUS Wood
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid, several speci-
mens, March 16, 1950, at Ocala, one female, April 13, 1950.
Sept. 12(>. I('")l AMERICAN MILLIPEDS AND CENTIPEDS 31
Order CAMBALIDA
Family Cambalidae
NANNOLENE CORTICOLENS Chamberlin, now species
P>D(I\ conspicuously annulate, rings of dark brown to nearly
black alternating with pale rings; last tergite dark brown with caudal
border pale, this border variable in width. In specimens in full color
the seriate dark spots along the sides are small or obscure, but these
spots show distinctly in paler individuals. Legs and antennae yellow.
The head pale across vertex, the color solid; a dark line between in-
ner angles of eyes and the area below this a lighter dusky color down
to the pale clypeus, the dusky area enclosing below level of antennae
two darker, usually elongate spots above and below which are paler
areas. Body entirely lacking the violaceous pigment giving name to
N. violacea.
Ocelli mostly 18 to 20 in number.
Bod}' having the usual beaded or moniliform appearance; mod-
erately constricted behind collum in the female, more strongly so in
the male. Last tergite long.
Appearing distinct from previously described forms in the de-
tails of the male gonopods; e.g., in the proportions of the anterior
sternite, the form of the distal ends of the anterior coxae which widen
proximad more gradually than in violacea and have their distal ends
more decidedly truncate. For these and other details see Fig. 3.
Number of segments, mostly 54-55.
Length, up to 20 mm.
Locality: California, Marsh Creek Springs (near Concord) at north
base of Mt. Diablo, several specimens of both sexes. August 14, 1950.
rype and paratypes in writer's collection, University of Utah.
CHILOPODA
Order LITTTOBIIDA
Family Lithobiidae
LITHOBIUS FORFICATUS (Linne)
Nevada: McGill, one male and two females, August 5, 1950; Ne-
braska: North Platte, two males, June 22, 1950; Vermont: Quechee
(near Randolph), two males, June 9, 1950, Rutland, one male and
two females, June 10, 1950, Barre. two males and one female. June
10. 1950; New York: Albany, a male and female. June 11. 1950;
The Great Basin Naturalist
32 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
New Jersey: Nutley, two males, May 7, 1950; Maryland: Bethesda,
a male and female, November 4, 1949.
LITHOBIUS ATKINSONI Bollman
Georgia: Ft. Benning, a female, April 16, 1950.
NEOLITHOBIUS ETHOPUS Chamberlin
Florida: Gainsville, a male and female, April 14, 1950, Archbold
Biological Station at Lake Placid, one male, April 7, 1950, Suwannee
River (near Oldtown), two females, April 15, 1950.
NEOLITHOBIUS MORDAX (L. Koch)
Nebraska: Omaha, a male and female, June 20, 1950.
NEOLITHOBIUS TRANSMARINUS (L. Koch)
Louisiana: Camp Plauche (near New Orleans), four males and one
female, January 24, 1944.
NEOLITHOBIUS UNDERWOODI (Bollman)
Georgia: Ft. Benning, a male and female, October 24, 1943.
NEOLITHOBIUS VORAX (Meinert)
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid, one female,
March 11, 1950.
NEOLITHOBIUS XENOPUS (Bollman)
Georgia: Ft. Benning, one female, November 12, 1943.
This species, originally described in 1888 from a single male
taken at Macon, Georgia, has not been since recorded until now. In
addition to the specimen taken by Dr. Beck, there were found, in the
course of the present study, nine additional specimens in the Uni-
versity of Utah collection that were taken at Gainsville, Florida in
1942 (Ivie, collector).
GARIBIUS GEORGIAE Chamberlin
Georgia: Ft. Benning, one female, November 20, 1943.
PAOBIUS VAGRANS Chamberlin
Vermont: Quechee (near Randolph), one female, June 9, 1950.
TAIYUBIUS HARRIETAE Chamberlin
Nevada: McGill, one male, August 5, 1940.
Previously known from Colorado.
Sept. 29. 1951 American millipeds and centipeds 33
Family Gosibiidae
GOSIBIUS SACCHAROGEUS Chamberlin
Louisiana: Camp Plauche (near New Orleans), a male and female,
January 24, 1944.
Previously known only from Texas.
Order SCOLOPENDRIDA
Family Cryptopidae
CRYPTOPS HYALINUS (Say)
Georgia: Ft. Benning, two imperfect specimens, November 20, 1943.
OTOCRYPTOPS SEXSPINOSUS (Say)
New York: Ithaca, one specimen, June 13, 1950; North Carolina:
Greensboro, several partly grown, April 22, 1950; Florida: Gains-
ville, two specimens, April 14, 1950; Archbold Biological Station at
Lake Placid, two adults and one female with many young, March 5,
1950; California: Yosemite National Park, two specimens, August
17, 18, 1950; Muir Woods National Monument, several, August 10,
1950.
THEATOPS POSTICUS (Say)
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid, eight specimens
taken April 7 and March 5-7, 1950; Gainsville, one, April 14, 1950.
Family Scolopendridae
SCOLOPENDRA VIRIDIS Say
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid, one, March 7,
1950.
SCOLOPENDRA POLYMORPHA Wood
Utah: Arches National Monument, two variant specimens, May 12,
1949.
SCOLOPENDRA PACHYGNATHA Pocock
Florida: Archbold Biological Station at Lake Placid, two, March 11,
1950.
Previously known only from Mexico (Zacatecas)
The Great Basin Naturalist
34 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Odrer GEOPHILIDA
Family Chilenophilidae
ARCTOGEOPHILUS XENOPORUS (Chamberlin)
California: Yosemite National Park, one specimen, probably this
species, taken August 17, 1950.
ARCTOGEOPHILUS UMBRATICUS (McNeill)
North Carolina: Greensboro, one specimen, April 22, 1950.
PACHYMERIUM FERRUGINEUM (C. L. Koch)
Nebraska: Omaha, two specimens, June 20, 1950.
Family Geophilidae
ARENOPHILUS BIPUNCTICEPS (Wood)
Georgia: Athens, two, April 19, 1950; Virginia: Charlottesville, one
April 26, 1950; Louisiana: Camp Plauche (near New Orleans), four
specimens, January 24, 1944; Nebraska: North Platte, one specimen,
June 22, 1950, Omaha, one, June 20, 1950.
GEOPHILUS MORDAX Meinert
Florida: Kissimmee River, one, March 13, 1950, Archbold Biologi-
cal Station at Lake Placid, one, March 5, 1950.
GEOPHILUS BECKI Chamberlin, new species
Color of preserved specimens in general orange yellow, the head
and antennae darker orange or somewhat chestnut. Legs clear yel-
low.
Cephalic plate broad, with anterior and caudal ends truncate.
Prebasal plate a little exposed at the middle. No definite clypeal
foveolae. Median division of labrum large, bearing six stout, strongly
sclerotized teeth which are distally blunt or subtruncate (at least in
the specimen dissected); lateral pieces with long pectinae. First
maxillae each with two long membraneous lappets.
Basal plate broadly trapeziform, wider posteriorly than the
head. Claws of prehensors when closed reaching nearly to the end of
the first antennal joint; claws with an obscure nodule at base within,
the outer joints unarmed. Chitinous lines fine, incomplete.
Dorsal plates deeply bisulcate.
Sept. 12(). 1(>">1 AMERICAN MILLIPEDS AND CENTIPEDS 35
First spiracle largest, slightly elliptic, the others circular.
Anterior sternites with a shallow mediam depression crossed
by a median longitudinal furrows which does not extend upon either
anterior or posterior border. Ventral pores not detected.
Tergite of last pedifierous segment broader than long, its caudal
margin mesally straight and as long as the anterior.
Last ventral plate also wider than long, narrowing moderately
from the middle candid, but the caudal margin long and nearly
straight: lateral margins convex. Coxal pores about a dozen on each
side, arranged along and beneath the border of the sternite.
Anal legs of moderate length, bearing claws.
Genital segment subdensely hairy, the hairs short and erect,
anal pores present.
Pairs of legs in the female, 61-63.
Length, about 50 mm.
Locality: California, Cabrillo Beach near San Pedro. Three adult
females and two young specimens taken August 22, 1950. Specimens
found under rocks and kelp at ocean water's edge. Type and para-
types in writer's collection, University of Utah.
This species resembles rather closely G. nicolanus Chamberlin,
known only from San Nicolas, Id., but distinct in the presence of
anal pores, in having the last tergite caudally truncate instead of
strongly convex, in the presence of the nodule or denticle at the base
of the claws of the prehensors.
Family Linotaeniidae
LINOTAENIA CHIONOPHILA (Wood)
California: Yosemite National Park, two specimens, August 17, 1950.
LINOTAENIA LAEVIPES (Wood)
California: Mill Valley, one, August 10, 1950.
Family Schendylidae
SCHENDYLA NEMORENSIS (Kock)
Utah: Lehi, one female, April 22, 1949.
A species probably introduced from Europe but now widespread
in cultivated areas of the United States and Canada, especially in the
eastern and central states.
NEW NEOTROPICAL WATER-STRIDERS (Hemiptera-Veliidae)
CARL J. DRAKE
Ames, Iowa
This paper is based upon material in the U. S. National Museum
and the private collection of the author. It includes the description
of one new species from Costa Rica and three from the West Indies.
Notes are also given on some new synonymy, and a new name is
proposed for a preoccupied one. Unless otherwise stated under the
description, the types are in the collection of the author. The units
of measure may be converted into millimeters by dividing by 80.
MICROVELIA SIGNATA Uhler
Microvelia signata Uhler, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2,4:288. 1894.
Microvelia setipes Champion, Biol. Centr. Amer., Rhynch., 2:130, PI. 8,
fig. 19. 1898 (N. sym.)
Microvelia oreades Drake and Harris, Ohio Jr. Sci., 28(5) :274. 1928
(N. syn.).
M. setipes champion and M. oreades Drake and Harris are both
apterous forms of M. signata Uhler, and are here suppressed as syn-
onyms of the latter. Several hundred specimens (apterous and mac-
ropterous) have been examined from United States (Calif., Ariz.,
N. Mex. and Utah) and Mexico. The type of M. signata was taken
in Lower California. The apterous form vary considerable in size.
MICROVELIA INTONSA, new name
Microvelia crinata Drake, Proc. Biol. Soc, Wash., 64:76. 1951.
As a result ot a typograpmcal error, which i tailed to correct
in manuscript and proof, the name "crinata" was wrongly used for
"crinita." As M. crinita (Hoberlandt, DIAMANTER DE ANGOLA,
MUSEU DO DUNDO, p. 36, figs. 103-113, 1950) is preoccupied, the
name intonsa is here proposed for M. crinata Drake. The extremely
long hairs on the legs separate intonsa from all of the described
species of American Microvelia West wood.
MICROVELIA OAXACANA Drake, n. sp.
Apterous forms: Elongate, moderately broad, dark brown-lu-
scous with a few small bluish spots on abdomen; body beneath dark
fuscous-brown with bluish tinge, the venter sometimes mostlv brown-
ish.
Size: Length, 2.00-2.20 mm.; width, 0.75 mm.
Head: Width across eyes, 0.62 mm. Convex with media line
distinct, a small patch of long brown hairs behind each eye; rostrum
37
The Great Basin Naturalist
38 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
yellowish brown with terminal segment dark fuscous. Antennae
long, slender, dark brown with basal segment paler, shortly pilose
with a few slightly longer hairs on last three segments; segment I
moderately stout, a little bowed, stouter than two; III and IV long,
slender, equal in thickness; formula — I, 22; II, 15; III, 32; IV, 32.
Thorax: Pronotum very large, covering rest of thorax, pitted,
wider than long (55:34), slowly broadly rounded behind, moderately
clothed with very short yellowish pubescence. Legs long, slender,
clothed with short hairs, the basal part of femora above, entire coxae
and trochanters and all of femora beneath pale. Hind femora scar-
cely thicker than middle pair, without spines.
Abdomen: Length, 1.28 mm. Pubescence slightly longer than
on pronotum. Posterior part of each connexival segment and last
tergite testaceous; connexiva beneath testaceous. Female with last
tergite scarcely longer than preceding segment, with moderately long
hairs on hind margin; last ventrite distinctly longer than the pre-
ceding segment.
Male: Last tergite nearly one-half longer than the preceding
segment; last ventrite also longer than the preceding segment. Geni-
tal segments very large, above densly clothed with rather short
brown hairs, with lateral sides rounded; first genital segment beneath
deeply widely roundly excavated leaving only a short base; second
segment large, wide, without lateral spines. Venter without tubercle.
Type: (male), Oaxaca, Mex., intercepted on Bromeliaceous
plant, by federal quarantine plant inspectors, New York City, New
York, March 27, 1937. Allotype (female), and 3 paratypes, Ciudad
Victoria, Mexico, intercepted on long moss (Tillandsia), by federal
plant inspectors at Loredo, Texas, March 20, 1945. Winged from
unknown. Type in U.S. National Museum.
This species is about the same size as M. albonotata Champ.,
but lacks the large ventrite spine and has much larger and longer
pronotum, which conceals the entire thorax in the apterous form as
in M. austrina Bueno, M. Iiidalgoi McKinstry and M. costaiana
Drake.
MICROVELIA TATEIANA Drake, n. sp.
Apterous form: Moderately large, elongate, testaceous or
brownish with second to sixth visible tergites dark fuscous. Head
testaceous or brownish with two broad testaceous stripes on each
side of media line uniting posteriorly. Tergites with some bluish
Sept. 29. 1951 new neotropical water-striders
39
areas. Sides of head and pronotum behind eyes with silvery pubes-
cence.
Size: Length, 1.90-2.10 mm.; width, 0.75 mm.
Head: Width across eyes, 0.56 mm. Median line distinct, but
not conspicuous, sometimes indistinct posteriorly. Rostum pale
testaceous with apical segment black-fuscous. Antennae long, slen-
der, brown-fuscous with base testaceous, shortly pilose with very
few slightly longer hairs; segment I moderately stout, a little bowed,
mostlv testaceous; II much slenderer, a little thicker than next two;
III and IV slender; formula— I. 20; II, 14; III, 27; IV, 30.
Thorax: Pronotum rather large, covering most of mesonotum,
more than twice as wide as long (50:19), pitted with pits arranged
largely in two transverse rows; mesonotum pale testaceous, with
exposed part approximately one-half as long as pronotum. Legs
long, slender, clothed with short pale hairs, testaceous with apical
half of femora and entire dorsal surface of tibiae brown to dark
brown; tarsi fuscous, segment one and two of both middle and hind
legs practically equal in length. Hind femora unarmed in male,
slightly stouter than middle pair.
Abdomen: Length. 1.15 mm. Dorsal surface of both abdomen
and pronotum with a few scattered long fine hairs, not nearly as
hairy as in M. portoricensis. Connexiva testaceous with the outer
margin and sutures between segments fuscous, wider in male than
in female, strongly reflexed apically in female. Last three tergites
flavous with slight bluish bloom. Abdomen beneath testaceous to
dark fuscous with some bluish plumbeous, clothed with pubescence
and some short hairs; last ventrite in female narrowed posteriorly,
long, less than twice the length of preceding segment.
Male: Last ventrite about one-fourth longer than preceding
segment, not as strongly narrowed posteriorly as in female; first
genital segment very large, beneath very widely deeply roundly
excavated behind leaving only a short smooth base; second segment
very wide, distinctly asymmetrical, strongly widely produced lateral-
ly on left side, and on other side behind with a transverse, somewhat
cylindrical protuberence. Venter without tubercle. Femora un-
armed. Second genital segment without lateral spines.
Macropteroi's form: Pronotum brownish with a narrow trans-
verse band near front margin and a broad stripe extending on median
lino from anterior margin posteriorly to beyond the disc, wider than
long, deeply pitted with pits arranged largely in two transverse rows.
The Great Basin Naturalist
40 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
transversly convex on disc: humeral angles prominent. Hemelytra
covering apex of abdomen, brown with small basal area and two or
three indistinct spots beyond the middle pale, without silver)' white
spots in cells; veins distinct, not prominent. Length, 2.15 mm.,
0.90 mm.
Type: (apterous male), allotype (apterous female) and 17 ap-
terous and one macropterous paratypes, Maricao, Porto Rico, H. D.
Tate. Named in honor of Dr. Tate, who has collected numerous
water-striders for me in Porto Rico.
The asymmetrical male genitalia is very striking and peculiar
to this species. The hairs on the antennae are not nearly as long nor
as numerous and the vesture on dorsal surface not as shaggy as in
M. portoricensis . The male genital segments of the latter species are
small. The lack of silvery white markings in the cells of the heme-
lytra also serve to separate M. tateiana from other species of similar
size and appearance in Insular and Central America.
MICROVELIA PORTORICENSIS Drake, n. sp.
Apterous form: Moderately large, testaceous to brownish with
silvery hairs on side of head and fore part of pronotum behind eyes.
Abdomen above largely fuscous with last three tergites flavous or
bluish flavous and a quadrate spot on each side of second and third
visible tergites; beneath dark fuscous with a bluish bloom, the venter
becoming brownish tesaceous apically; sometimes venter largely
testaceous; underside of connexiva testaceous. Length, 1.90-2.10 mm.
width, 0.75 mm.
Head: Width across eyes, 0.51 mm. Testaceous or dark brown
with two broad testaceous stripes on each side of median line coal-
escing behind eyes. Median line not very distinct posteriorly. Ros-
trum testaceous with last segment piceous. Antennae moderately
long, slender, brown with basal part of first segment testaceous, short-
ly pilose with long hairs on last three segments; segment I stout,
slightly bowed; II slender, quite slender at base; III and IV slender;
formula — I, 14; II, 12; III, 20; IV, 23. Head testaceous beneath.
Thorax: Pronotum large, produced posteriorly, covering a little
more than half of mesonotum, more than twice as wide as long
(55:21), the hind margin feebly concave. Entire dorsal surface of
thorax and abdomen sparsly covered with long brownish hairs. Legs
moderately long, dark brown or fuscous, clothed with short hairs,
the coxae, trochanters, base of femora above and most of femora be-
neath testaceous. Hind femora a little stouter than middle pair, un-
Sept. 29. 1951 NEW NEOTROPICAL WATER-STRIDERS 41
armed. Tibiae of middle and hind legs with rather long dark hairs
on outer surface. First tarsal segment of middle and hind legs feebly
longer than second.
Abdomen: Length. 1.35 mm. Connexiva a little wider and
more arched in female, not reflexed posteriorly. Last tergite of fe-
male with several long hairs on hind margin. Male genital segments
moderately large, brownish, hairy above; first segment beneath rath-
er broad, smooth, widely deeply roundly excavated behind leaving
only a short smooth base; second segment small, without lateral
spines. Venter without tubercle.
Macropterous form: Length, 1.9 mm.; width, 0.92 mm. Pro-
notum dark velvety rufo-fuscous with a transverse band near an-
terior margin and a median basal stripe orange-yellow, clothed with
short, yellowish pubescence; humeral angles prominent. Abdomen
distinctly narrowed posteriorly. Ilemelytra covering apex of ab-
domen, dark brown-fuscous with silvery white markings in cells
two long basal stripes, three or four median spots and median sub-
apical spot silvery white). Other characters as in wingless form.
Type: (macroperous male) and allotype (macropterous, fe-
male), Mayaguez, Porto Rico, April 4, 1936, H. D. Tate. Paratypes:
26 specimens, taken with type; 1 specimen, Laiza, P.R.. March 31,
1930; 1 specimen, Maricao, P.R., May 10,' 1936, H. D. Tate; 2 speci-
mens, Mayaguez, P.R., May 28, 1937, Pedro Lopez.
Distinguishable from M. albonotata Champion by the long hairs
on antennae and shorter last antennal segment; male genital seg-
ments much smaller, the venter without tubercle. The long antennal
hairs and abdomen (narrowed posteriorly) also separate it from
M. peruviensis McKinstrv. M. tateiana n. sp. has very different
second genital segment in the male. All four of the above species
have similar markings on the pronotum. M. tateiana is the only one
of the four without silvery white marks on the hemelvtra.
MICROVELIA CUBANA Drake, n. sp.
Apterous form: Moderately large, testaceous or brownish tes-
taceous with some fuscous areas and a few bluish patches on ab-
domen; sided of head behind eyes and pronotum in front with silvery
pubescence or short silvery hairs; a quadrate spot on each side of
second, third and fourth visible tergites and usually last three ter-
gites bluish; body beneath testaceous or brownish with bluish bloom,
the sides of abdomen darker.
Size: Length, 1.80-2.10 mm., width, 0.80-0.90 mm.
The Great Basin Naturalist
42 CARL J. DRAKE Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Head: Width across eyes, 0.50 mm. Dark brown with a broad
or brownish stripe on each side of median line coalescing behind
eyes. Rostrum testaceous with last segment piceous. Antennae long,
slender, brown or fuscous brown, shortly pilose, without long hairs;
formula— I, 14; II, 11; III, 16; IV, 26.
Thorax: Pronotum testaceous, with a narrow part in front of
transverse row of pits raised and usually darkened towards the sides,
produced posteriorly covering more than half of mesonotum, twice
as wide as long (50:22), the posterior margin feebly concave; mes-
onotum testaceous, the exposed part nearly half as long as pronotum.
Legs rather long, slender, dark brown or fuscous with coxae, troch-
anters, base of femora above (most of dorsal surface on anterior
femora) and entire ventral surface of femora testaceous. Hind fem-
ora scarcely thicker than middle pair, unarmed in both sexes.
Abdomen: Length, 1.25 mm. Color somewhat variable, often
with a few basal segments darkened; connexiva testaceous with outer
margin and sutures between segment fuscous, wider in female than
male, not reflexed behind middle. Dorsal surface of both thorax and
abdomen without long hairs.
Male: Venter without tubercle. Last tergite and ventrite dis-
tinctly longer than the preceding segment. Femora without spines.
Genital segments moderately broad, brown, with short hairs on dor-
sal surface, beneath testaceous; first segment beneath broadly deeply
widely excavated so as to leave only a small smooth basal part.
Macropterous form: Length, 1.90-2.20 mm.; width, 0.88 mm.
Pronotum dark rufo-fuscous with a transverse band near front mar-
gin and a short median stripe in front orange-yellow, clothed with
short yellowish pubescence and some silvery pubescence, the median
ridge fairly distinct; humeral angles moderately prominent. Heme-
lytra brown-fuscous with silvery white spots in the cells (two longi-
tudinal basal stripes, three spots nearly middle and a subapical ovate
spot silvery white; veins distinct, not conspicuous.
Type: (apterous male), allotype (apterous female) and 22
paratypes (winged and wingless specimens), Havana, Cuba, Feb. 24,
1941, S. C. Bruner. Paratypes: 5 specimens, Baracoa, Cuba, Sept.,
1901, U.S. Nat. Museum.
This pretty little species is closely allied to M. portoricensis
Drake, but lacks the extremely long hairs on the last three antennal
segments and the dorsal surface is also without long hairs. The
broad asymmetrical second genital of male segment of M. tateiana
Drake distinguishes it at once from both of the above species.
STRIDULATORY ORGANS IN SALDIDAE (HEMIPTERA)
By C. J. Drake and F. C. Hottes
In the course of clearing and mounting different parts of the
body of various species of Saldidae for morphological study, it was
noted under the compound microscope, that the anterior end. on each
side, of the second visible connexival segment of the male bears a
series of either "peg-like" or "spine-like" organs. These peculiar
structures appear to be stridulatory in function. Hitherto, stridula-
tory structures seem to have been entirely overlooked in the family.
Sound-producing organs have not been found in female specimens.
The present paper presents a preliminary account of the stridu-
latory organs in shore bugs of the family Saldidae; it also calls at-
h u | ion to peculiar modifications of the hemelytral vein and meta-
pleuron for holding the wings rigid in a resting position.
The authors are indebted to -Mrs. E. H. Froeschner for making
the drawings.
Morphological examinations have been made of more than 100
species of saldids from widely separated regions of the world. Stridu-
latory pegs or spines have been found in the males of all species
studied in the following genera: Saldula Van Duzee, Salda Fabricius,
Calacanthia Reuter, Chiloxanthus Reuter, Chartoscirta Stal, Halo-
mlda Reuter, loscytus Reuter, Lampracanthia Reuter, Micracanthia
Reuter, Teloleuca Reuter Pentacora Reuter and Saldoida Osborn. As
only a single example of the old world genus Omania Ilorvath was
available for study, it was not dissected. The rare genus Orthophyrus
I forvath is unknown to the authors. In two species examined of the
shore bug family Leptopodidae, no stridulatory structures were
found.
Two other singular structures also seem peculiar to saldids.
Near the base, on the underside, of each hemelytron, in both males
and females, the median vein is suddenly enlarged and then deeply
obliquely notched (fig. 1, e and /. and fig. 2 a) at the middle of the
abruptly thickened part. This notch was found to be present in both
hemelytra of the genera studied as listed under the foregoing para-
graph. In addition, the pleura of the meta thorax bear a small raised
roughened area in line with the respective hemelytral notch. This
raised "bump" and the notch working together serve to hold the
hemelytra in a more rigid and stable position when the insect is nol
in flight.
43
44
The Great Basin Naturalist
C. J. DRAKE AND F. C. HOTTES Vol. XL NoS. 1-2
a
C-H- fApioc/Cn&l
Fig. 1. Stridulatory organs of male Saldidae: a, left connexival seg-
ment of Chiloxanthus pilosus (Fallen) ; b and b1, left connexival
segment and enlarged peg of Micrancanthia humilis (Say); c, right
connexival segment of Chiloxanthus stellata (Curtis); d, left con-
nexival segment of Saldula balli Drake; e, Under side of hemelytron
showing large subbasal notch in mid-vein; /, Pentacora signoreti
(Guerin) showing subbasal hemelytron notch on underside of mid-
vein near the base.
Sept. 29, 1951 stridulatory organs i\ s. ldidae
45
Those structures which are presenl in both sexes do not appear
to be stridulatory in function.
The stridulatory organs are arranged in one or more transverse
rows, which curve convoxly with the upper part of the front surface
of the second visible connexival segment (fig. 1, b, and d. and fig. 2,
b.) In general characterized by stridulatory spines, these structures
are longer, more numerous and placed in more rows than in genera
Fig. 2. a Under side of hemelytron showing a the lateral projection
on the metathorax, b the subbasal notch in mid-vein, Pentacora sig-
noreti (Guerin).
characterized by pegs (fig. 1. a and c.) As may be observed in the
illustrations, both spines and pegs are placed horizontally, directed
anteriorly; and, normally tilted somewhat inwardly.
Within a genus, there is a tendency towards a uniform pattern
in arrangement, size and shape of both pegs and spines. In such
genera as Chiloxanthus, Pentacora and Salda, the connexival stridu-
latory organs exhibit rather marked generic differences.
The manner in which the stridulatory organs function in nature
has not been observed. The posterior margin of the preceding con-
nexival segment is hardened and plate-like with a roughened surface.
This probably functions as a rasping organ in conjunction with the
pegs or spines. The connexival segments are capable of limited
movement.
46
The Great Basin Naturalist
C. J. DRAKE AND F. C. HOTTES Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Fig. 2 b Left connexival segment of Saldula andrei Drake.
The pegs (fig. 1, b and d) may be arranged in one or two rows
for part of the way, and then an additional row for part, or even
the remainder of the distance. Generally speaking, the pegs are
alternately arranged in the rows as alternateness in parallel rows
places them closer together than oppositeness.
Occasionally, however, some of the pegs may be found opposite
each other in the rows, and slight variation in size and arrangement
occur within a species, even on opposite sides of the same specimen.
As a rule, the pegs nearer the outer margin of the row are shorter,
and blunter than those within. Sometimes the inner most pegs are
followed by a few stiff spine-like hairs. As a rule the inner most
spines or pegs are more tilted inwardly, but remain in a horizontal
position. As the spines are more numerous than pegs, they exhibit
greater variation in size and especially numbers, (fig. 1. a, and c)
within a species. It is often difficult to count the spines, on account
of numbers and arrangement. Under the oil emersion lens, the sur-
face of the spines appears smooth, whereas the surface of the pegs is
longitudinally striated (fig. 1, b' and d').
NOTES ON SOME CICINDELIDAE OF THE WESTERN UNITED
STATES AND THE SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS WITI I A
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. (1)
VASCO M. TANNER
Professor of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University
These notes are based chiefly upon specimens which have been
collected in summer field work, during the past twenty years. Many
days have been spent in Utah and neighboring states collecting in-
sects and cold-blooded vertebrates during these years. We have also
received a number of interesting species of tiger-beetles from former
students who have collected on many of the South Pacific Islands.
With this collection as a basis, I am pleased to make the following
additions to my list of the Cicindelids from Utah which was published
in 19292. At that time I reported 40 species for Utah. In this paper
six species are added to this state list. I wish to thank all those who
have contributed specimens to our Coleoptera collection.
AMBLYCHEILA UTAHENSIS Tanner, n. sp.
Form elongate-oval; head as wide as the adjoining prothorax
which becomes narrower posteriorly, being 5.5 mm. in width at an-
terior and 4 mm. at posterior; head and prothorax glabrous and shin-
ny, except for a few punctures with black setae above the clypeal
suture; labium with two blunt median teeth, margin with nine deep
punctures each bearing a long golden colored seta; each elytron with
three distinct carinae, the interval between the first carina and the
suture is as wide as the next two intervals combined. There are a few
scattered punctures with decumbent setae on the intervals; carinae
end about one fifth from the apex; apex very sparsely punctured; the
eleven segments of the antenna are a dull brownish in color with
scattered black setae; the antenna extends back to the middle of the
elytra. Legs black except the base of the femur and trochanter which
are brownish, slender, and thickly covered with black setae; under
side of body with a few scattered setae. Length of head and body
22 mm.
Type: A perfect male specimen.
(i) Contribution No. 126 from the department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham
Young University, Provo, Utah.
(2) Vasco M. Tanner. The Coleoptera of Utah — Cicindelidae. The Pan-Pacific Entomolo-
gist. Vol. VI, No. 2. October, 1929. pp. 78-87.
47
The Great Basin Naturalist
48 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 1-2
Type locality: Diamond Valley, 15 miles north of St. George,
Washington County, Utah. Collected in April, 1951 by one of Pro-
fessor Arthur Bruhn's entomology students, Richard Schmutz. Pro-
fessor Bruhn of the Dixie College at St. George has collected many
interesting insects in that area.
Comparisons: On July 27, 1951 I had the opportunity of com-
caring the type of utahensis with male and female specimens of A.
schwarzi W. Horn in the California Academy of Science's Entomol-
ogical Collection. In utahensis the thorax is one-fourth " narrower
than in male specimens of schwarzi. The head is also narrower, in
fact, utahensis is smaller throughout than schwarzi specimens with
which I compared it. The punctation on the upper part of the head
in schwarzi is more dense and deep. The color of the coxal areas and
the mouthparts in schwarzi is reddish, schwarzi is a more robust
species.
I wish to thank Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke for his kindness and
opinion on the status of this proposed new species of Amblycheila.
In 1929 I reported that Mr. Warren Knaus had informed me
that Mr. George P. Englehardt and Mr. Jacob Doll had collected, in
1917, two dead specimens of an Amblycheila in a pool in Ash Creek
near Bellevue, Washington County, Utah, and that there were be-
lieved to be specimens of schwarzi. Just how carefully these speci-
mens were studied and compared with schwarzi specimens is not
known to me. It is my surmise, however, that they are similar to the
specimen I am designating as utahensis. The two localities from
which these specimens were collected is separated by a distance of
about sixty miles. The two specimens of schwarzi^ which I recently
studied, in the California Academy of Sciences, are from Skidoo,
Inyo, Co., California, collected by J. R. Slevin on May 14, 1931. If
they are correctly determined and are schwarzi then the specimen
described as utahensis in this report is distinct enough to be recog-
nized as a new species.
CICINDELA FORMOSA subsp. LUXURIOSA Csy.
Southeast of Colorado Springs, Colorado, August 17, 1924 (A. G. Vestal)
A single male specimen collected in a "blow out" south and east
of Colorado Springs by Dr. Vestal was given to the writer in 1925.
I have compared it with Col. Casey's type and believe it is distinct
enough in fineness of markings, size, and color to be recognized as a
sub-species of formosa. It is a richly colored sub-species.
Sept. 29, 1951 notes on some cicindelidae 49
CININDELA LIMBALIS Klug
Island Park, Fremont County, Idaho, August, 1931. (Vasco M.
Tanner)
A single specimen of this species was taken in the forest along
the highway. It is a male and much smaller than a female from
Chicago, Illinois, with which I have compared it.
CICINDELA LIMBALIS subsp. AUGURALIS Csy.
Warner Ranger Station, La Sal Mountains, Grand County, Utah,
July, 1934. (Vasco M. Tanner); Bryee Canyon National Park, Garfield
County, Utah, August, 1933. (Vasco M. Tanner); The pass, Table Cliff
Mountain, Garfield County, Utah. Elevation 9,300 feet, June, 1936. (Vasco
M. Tanner). Aquarious Plateau, Garfield County, Utah, June, 1938. (Wil-
mer W. Tanner).
These specimens, 2 9 and 1 d" , were taken at an elevation of
9.000 feet. I have compared them with Col. Casey's type specimen
now in the National Museum. I am in agreement with Nicolay and
Weiss 1932 that auguralis is a sub-species of limbalis and not of
purpurea.
CICINDELA REPANDA subsp. HUDSONICA Csy.
Island Park, Fremont County, Idaho, August, 1931. (Vasco M.
Tanner)
This is a single male specimen I have compared with Casey's
type. It agrees almost perfectly in structure and color with the type
which is a female specimen. I am considering it a sub-species of
repanda since it has more features of this species than of duodecim-
guttata. I think it is distinct enough to be removed from synonymy.
CICINDELA LONGILABRIS subsp. OSLARI Leng
Logan Canyon, Tony's Ranger Station, Cache County, Utah, June,
1926. (Clarence Cottam); Uintah Mountains, Tryol Lake, July, 1930.
(Truman Swallow, C. L. Hayward and John C. Fechser).
This high mountain form of longilabris is common in the Uintah
Mountains of Utah. The specimens reported here have been com-
pared with specimens of oslari in the Casey Collection, United States
National Museum and the California Academy of Sciences. They
are distinct enough from longilabris varities to be considered as a
separate sub-species.
CICINDELA CARTHAGENA subsp. PACIFICA Schp.
Las Vegas, Clark Co., Nevada; June 5, 1905 (Tom Spalding)
Five specimens are in the collection which were collected by
Tom Spalding on the grassy area north and west of the town of Las
Vegas.
The Great Basin Naturalist
50 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI. Nos. 1-2
CICINDELA SPERATA subsp. RUBICUNDA (E. H. Harris)
Caineville, Wayne Co., Utah, 1928 (Vasco M. Tanner);
Escalante, Garfield Co., Utah, August, 1939 (Harry P. Chandler);
Arches National Monument, Grand Co., Utah, August, 1950.
(Dorald Allred)
This is a brilliant distinctive form of the sperata complex. Sev-
enteen specimens are in the collection.
CICINDELA LEPIDA Dej.
Delta, Millard County, Utah, August, 1949 (Dorald Allred)
This is the first record we have of this species occurance in Utah.
Mr. Allred reports that he collected the four specimens, now in the
collection, at night on the sand dunes north of Delta.
CICINDELA LIMBIGERA subsp. NYMPHA Csy.
Kanab, Kane Co., Utah, May, 1951 (D. E. Beck I
I have compared the single specimen taken by Dr. Beck with
several specimens of this sub-species in the California Academy of
Science's Collection, which were collected by Mr. Norman Criddle at
Aweme, Manatoba. This new record for Utah greatly extends the
distribution of this sub-species. It was collected on the sand dunes to
the west and north of Kanab.
CICINDELIDAE FROM THE PACIFIC ISLANDS.
The following Pacific Island Cicindelids were recently added to
the Brigham Young University collection. These have been studied
by the writer and compared with materials in the United States
National Museum and the California Academy of Sciences.
TRICONDYLA APTERA Olivier
Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Tenaru River area, June and July,
1944, (D. Elden Beck) and (Ernest Reimschiissel). Fifty-five specimens
are in this collection.
Admiralty Islands, Los Negros, September, 1944, (Ernest Reims-
chiissel.). Thirty-six specimens are in this collection.
Dr. Beck reports that he collected this species on the leaves and
ground cover of the jungle forest. It was fairly common.
TRICONDYLA APTERA subsp.
Philippine Islands, Luzon, Camp near Manila, May, 1945, (Ernest
Reimschiissel); Leyte Island; Tacloban, March, 1945, (Ernest Reims-
chiissel).
Sept. 29, 1951 notes on some cicindelidae 51
COLLYRIS ALBITARSIS Erichs.
Philippine Islands, Luzon, Camp near Manila, May, 1945, (Ernest
Reimschiissel).
COLLYRIS SIMILIOR W. Horn
Philippine Islands, Luzon, Camp near Manila, May, 1945, (Ernest
Reimschiissel I.
COLLYRIS ACROLIA Chaud.
Philippine Islands, Luzon, Camp near Manila, May, 1945, (Ernest
Reimschiissel).
COLLYRIS sp.
Philippine Islands, Leyte Island, Tacloban, March, 1945, (Ernest
Reimschiissel).
THERATES LABIATUS Fabricius
Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, June and August, 1944, (D. Elden
Beck), (Ernest Reimschiissel); Admiralty Islands, Los Negros, Sept.,
1944, (Ernest Reimschiissel).
THERATES BASALIS variety SIMPLO-FLAVESCENS W. Horn
Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, June, 1944, (D. Elden Beck), (Ernest
Reimschiissel); Admiralty Islands, Los Negros, September, 1944, (Ernest
Reimschiissel).
CICINDELA DECEMGUTTATA subsp. SANGUINEO-MACULATA
Blanchard
Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, July, 1944, (Ernest Reimschiissel),
(Doyle Taylor), (D. Elden Beck).
Sixty-eight specimens are in the collection.
CICINDELA DISCRETA Schaum
Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal ,five specimens collected Aug., 1944,
(D. Elden Beck).
ERRATUM PAGE
We regret that a portion of a key in Professor La River's recent
paper was left out. We are pleased to include this missing portion
of the key.
La River's statement concerning this matter follows:
"Due to the author's absence from the country while his recent
paper "The Staphylinoid and Dascilloid aquatic Coleoptera of the
Nevada Area" (Great Rasin Naturalist 10, 1-4:66-70) was being
set in type, he had no opportunity to examine a galley proof. Sub-
sequently it was noticed that the second page of the original manu-
script, containing the final part of the key to hydraenid genera and
the initial portion of the key to the species of Limnebius (one of those
genera), had been inadvertently omitted."
'The following keys represent this missing portion, and are to
be placed in the key to hydraenid adults on the first page of the cited
paper, between the two "2's" in the couplets following "(Limnebi-
us)" on the right hand side of the page." — Ira La Rivers.
2. Maxillary palpi very long, much longer than antennae; pro-
notum coarsely, closely punctate, sides without a transparent
border (Hydraena)
— Maxillary palpi shorter than antennae; pronotum variously
sculptured, often with deep fossae and grooves, always with
a transparent border in at least basal half OCHTHEBIUS
1. Antennae usually shorter, with no prominent inner swell-
ings; setae on clypeus not placed at anterior margin and
two median ones distant from each other; lacinia mobilis
narrower; inner lobe of maxillae not distinctly divided api-
cally; cerci nearly contiguous proximally and divergent
OCHTHEBIUS
— Antennae usually longer, with prominent inner swellings;
setae on clypeus placed at anterior margin and equidistant;
lacinia mobilis broader; inner maxillary lobe distinctly di-
vided apically; cerci widely separated proximally and nearly
parallel 2
2. Third antennal segment without inner swellings, segment
two with a single antennal appendage; pair of pectinate
setae at anterior margin of labrum; inner maxillary lobe
slightly divided apically; labium broadened distally (Hydraena)
—Third antennal segment with an inner swelling; second
segment with two slender antennal appendages; no pecti-
nate setae at anterior labral margin; inner maxillary lobe
strongly divided; labium not noticeably broadened distally,
although mental sides rounded (Limnebius)
{Limnebius Leach 1815)
1. Surface more-or-less polished (piceus (Horn) 1872)
52
Volume XI
UL 22 1952
Numbers 3-4
The Great Basin Naturalist
December 29, 1951
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pacific Islands Herpetology, No. V, Guadalcanal, Solomon
Islands. A check list of species, Illustration,
Vasco M. Tanner 53
New County Records of Salientia and Summary of known
distribution of Caudata in Oklahoma,
Arthur N. Bragg and W. F. Hudson 87
Two New Ants from Western Nevada (Hymenoptera,
Formicidae), Illustrations, Marion R. Smith 91
The Cerambycoid Semi-aquatic Coleoptera of the Nevada Area,
Ira La Rivers 97
New Distribution Records of Utah Siphonaptera with the
Description of a new species of Megarthroglossus Jordan
and Rothschild 1915, Illustrations, Vernon J. Tipton
and Donald M. Allred 105
On Five new American Lithobiid Centipeds,
Ralph V. Chamberlin 115
Index to Volume XI 119
Published at Provo, Utah, by the
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University
The Great Basin Naturalist
A journal published from one to four times a year by the De-
partment of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah.
Manuscripts: Only original unpublished manuscripts, pertaining
to the Great Basin and the Western United States in the main, will
be accepted. Manuscripts are subject to the approval of the editor.
Illustrations: All illustrations should be made with a view to
having them appear within the limits of the printed page. The illus-
trations that form a part of an article should accompany the manu-
script. All half-tones or zinc etchings to appear in this journal are to
be made under the subervision of the editor, and the cost of the cuts
is to be borne by the contributor.
Reprints: No reprints are furnished free of charge. A price
list for reprints and an order form is sent with the proof.
Subscription: The annual subscription is $2.50, (outside the
United States $3.25). Single number, 80 cents.
All correspondence dealing with manuscripts, subscriptions, re-
prints and other business matters should be addressed to the Editor,
Vasco M. Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Brigham Young Uni-
versity, Provo, Utah.
Reprints
Schedule of
The
Great
Basin Naturalist
Each
Additional
50 copies
100 copies
200 copies
300 copies
2 pp. 4 pp.
$3.25 $4.75
4.75 5.75
6.00 7.00
7.00 8.00
6 pp.
$5.75
6.75
8.00
9.00
8 pp.
$6.75
7.75
9.00
10.00
10 pp. 12 pp. 2 pp.
$7.75 $8.75 $1.50
8.75 9.75
10.00 11.00
11.00 12.00
Covers: $6.00 for first 100 copies; $2.50 for additional 100 copies.
U8fW
Ul 22 195;
The Gregft fiasib IfJaturalist
Published by the
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
Volume XI DECEMBER 29, 1951 Nos. III-IV
PACIFIC ISLANDS HERPETOLOGY, NO. V
GUADALCANAL, SOLOMON ISLANDS:
A CHECK LIST OF SPECIES (l)
VASCO M. TANNER
Professor of Zoology and Entomology
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah
INTRODUCTION
This paper, the fifth in the series, deals with the amphibians
and reptiles, collected by United States Military personnel while
they were stationed on several of the Solomon Islands.
These islands, which were under the British Protectorate at the
out-break of the Japanese War in 1941, extend for about 800 miles
in a southeast direction from the Bismarck Archipelago. They lie
south of the equator, between 5° 24' and 10° 10' south longitude and
154° 38' and 161° 20' east longitude, which is well within the tropical
zone.
In this study, eleven large islands are considered as composing
the Solomon Archipelago, which form two chains. The northern row
of islands consists of Buka and Bougainville, just south of New Brit-
ain. Next is Choiseul, followed by Isabel and Malaita. The southern
group, which practically parallels the northern row, consists of Vella
Lavella, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Russell, Guadalcanal and San
Cristobal.
Bougainville is the largest island of the group. It has a surface
area of 3,900 square miles, the highest mountain peak, Mount Bally,
10,000 feet and also active volcanoes. Guadalcanal, 2,500 square
miles, is the largest island in the southern row with a peak over
8,000 feet high (see map fig. 1).
(1) Contribution No. 127 from the Department of Zoology and Entomology. Brigham
Young University.
53
54
VASCO M. TANNER
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
bo
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 55
The climate is tropical, the average temperature being about
82°. During the rainy season, from January to March, it is very hot
and humid. The rainfall along the coast is about 120 inches annually.
The weather from April to November is fairly cool.
The native population is between ninety and one hundred thous-
and Melanesian people. They cultivate yams, taros, and coconuts
for food and trade. The larger islands are covered with impenetrable
jungles. The native pig is one of two native land mammals on the
islands. One hundred twenty-seven land birds have been reported
from this archipelago and no doubt a number of additional species
will be discovered when the interior of the islands is carefully ex-
plored.
Many species of interesting insects are found on the Solomon
Islands. Several of the service men who collected reptiles also made
insect collections. One of the largest general collections was made
by Captain Beck. He was stationed on the Tenaru River for a year.
During this time he also made some studies of the island vegetation
and topography. The following is a statement of his impressions of
this part of Guadalcanal.
"Today I made my first trip to the foothills. To the area where
I went there was an abrupt climb from the fairly level coastal plain
to the contrasting region of grassland and forest. In this particular
part of the foothills are large grass patches surrounded by the jungle
forest. The grass and forest areas both have the same elevation,
angle of exposure of the sun, drainage and soil conditions, yet the
two types of vegetation are sharply separated. I discovered that when
one tries to stay out in the open grass areas, when the sun is beating
down, the heat is almost beyond human endurance. On several
occasions I tried to remain out in the grass collecting insects but
the heat was so oppressive I became dizzy and for several minutes
after retiring to the jungle I had a severe head-ache.
"This intense heat on a clear day may account for the absence
of bird life in the grasslands. With the exception of an occasional
swallow flying above the grass one does not see a bird. The mammal
life so common to grasslands, in the States, is nonexistant in the
grass areas on this island. One does not escape the heat by dropping
into the grass, which is four to five feet high. The heat seems to be
more suffocating. In contrast I found in the forest jungle that there
is a combination of shade and openness to allow for air movement.
"It is possible, with reference to birds, that the lack of fruits may
The Great Basin Naturalist
56 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
in part account for the absence of birds in the grasslands, but I really
believe it is a heat factor. The forest jungle has quite an array of
bird life, large or small, loud or quiet, colorful or drab. I was im-
pressed by the variety of songs."
Mr. Robert C. Pendleton who spent twenty-two months in the
Solomon Islands and has published his findings, 1949, gives a clear
picture of the plant formations of Guadalcanal. The following ex-
cerpts are from his study.
"Guadalcanal is well within the true tropic belt and the work
of many plant geographers indicates that a rain forest type of vege-
tation should be expected. However, this island differs in having
the major portion of the north coast covered with coarse grass while
a true rain forest vegetation occurs only in the south portion and on
the mountains.
"The main mountain ranges on the island are approximately
parallel and occupy a central position. They average about 6,000 feet
in elevation in the central portion of the island and Mt. Popomana-
siu reaches a maximum height of 8,005 feet. Their position across
the prevailing trade winds is the factor considered responsible for
the grassland formation on the north coast and on the west tip of
the Florida group beyond.
"Comprehensive ground studies were made only on the north
coastal plain, because travel to other portions was extremely difficult
and the press of military duties prohibited any long trips. It was
possible to study the vegetation from the Belasuna River to Cape
Esperance and to penetrate the hinterland along the Malimbu, Poha,
and Tenaru Rivers to a depth of 8 to 12 miles. Air trips were ar-
ranged through the courtesy of the pilots of the 13th Air Force. On
these flights the entire island was covered and a far better idea of
the physiognomy and extent of plant cover types was obtained.
"From the air the contrast in plant cover on Guadalcanal as
compared with that on other Solomon Islands is striking. A flight
along the north coast of the island from east to west reveals that the
eastern third of the plain is densely covered with rain forest but the
western two-thirds is covered predominately by grass. The rivers,
running through the grassland support strips of forest, which con-
nect the forests of the mountains with the narrow strand forest which
forms a green border on the coast.
"Guadalcanal is one of the southern islands of the Solomon
Group and is characterized by having a rain forest on the south side
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 57
and grasslands on the north side. It is the only island of the group
haying a mountain chain at right angles to the prevailing wind di-
rection.
"The ecological factors responsible for the grasslands of Guadal-
canal are both climatic and topographic. In the rain shadow insuffi-
cient rain falls during several months to support a forest. The grass-
land is not due to fires or soil deficiencies."
THE IIERPETOLOGICAL FAUNA
To what extent the herpetological fauna of the grasslands and
rain forests of Guadalcanal differ has apparently not been deter-
mined. In this report all the species studied were collected on the
north side of the island. Likewise, so far as I have been able to de-
termine, previous collections were in the main made on the north
side of Guadalcanal. An ecological study of the species confined
entirely to the grassland, as well as those found in the interior of the
island on the higher mountains should be of value. The irregular and
frequently reduced rainfall on the grasslands along with the intense
heat possibly deters the movement of rain forest species over large
areas of the island.
An equally interesting problem is that of tracing the origin of
the reptile fauna of the Solomons. While studying the thirty-five
species of this report, a check list of the amphibians and reptiles of
the Solomon Islands was prepared and is included here. A compari-
son of the Solomon Islands list with the New Guinea one, Loveridge.
1948, reveals that, even though there are a number of endemic spe-
cies in the Solomon Islands, the general facies of the fauna is New
Guinean. This suggests that the Solomon Islands were, no doubt,
in the distant past connected with New Guinea, as New Guinea was
likewise once connected with Australia. After the Solomon Islands
land mass was separated from New Guinea evidence supports the
belief that the present two chains of islands developed which has
contributed to the endenism of the several Islands. It has recently
been pointed out by Brown and Myers, 1949, that "the Solomons
display an important endemic frog fauna, including at least three
endemic ranid genera." This is as it should be, if the above point
of view is correct, that these continental islands were once a part of
New Guinea, which nowr has four times as many endemic frogs as
the Solomons.
One should not conclude from the above that the Solomon fauna
The Great Basin Naturalist
58 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
is entirely New Guinea-Australian in origin. Aside from the New
Guinea-Australian affinities are found such genera as Gyrnnodac-
tylus, Gekko, Pseudogekko, Typhlops, and Hydrophis which are rep-
resented by many species in the northern Islands.
There are still many unsolved problems relevant to the distri-
bution of the herpetological fauna of the South Pacific Islands. Each
year, however, progress is being made in wearing down the obsticles
which stand in the way to a clear understanding of the origin and
distribution of the amphibians and reptiles.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Without the painstaking efforts of Captain D E. Beck, Ernest
Reimschiissel, Doyle Taylor, R. C. Pendleton, J. Chattin, H. Hawk-
ins, L. Adams, and other servicemen the materials upon which this
report is based would not have been collected. To them I express
my thanks. Dr. W. C. Brown has been very cooperative in loaning
the writer rare literature and checking the determination of some
species. Dr. Doris Cochran, Curator of Herpetology at U. S. National
Museum kindly loaned the writer many Solomon Island species.
Dr. Karl P. Schmidt loaned the writer some literature and checked
the determination of two specimens. Prof. Charles Wharton of
Emory University, Georgia, kindly submitted some interesting
species to me for study. Dr. J. R. Heath of San Jose Teachers Col-
lege, Dr. Geo. Myers of Stanford University, and Dr. R. Stebbins of
the University of California, at Berkeley, loaned the writer a number
of Solomon Islands specimens.
To all who have assisted, in any way, as mentioned above, I
express my thanks and appreciation.
AMPHIBIANS
Family Bufonidae
BUFO MARINUS (Linnaeus)
Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th Ed., Vol 1, p. 211, 1759 (Rana)
BYU 6960, 6969, 7015-17 Guadalcanal, (D E. Beck) May, 1944
BYU 11020 (48A) (49 A) Gavutu Isl. (R. C. Pendleton) May 8, 1945
No. 3A-6A Guadalcanal, (R.C.Pendleton) Dec. 22, 1943
No. 20A Guadalcanal, (R.C.Pendleton) May 12, 1944
No. 24A-36A-39A Banik Is., (R. C. Pendleton) Sept. 21, 1944
Russell Isls.
The specimens of marinus from the Solomon Islands are repre-
sented by three adult males (BYU 11020, 48 A, and 49A), females
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 59
(BYU 6960, 4- A, and 20-A), and several juveniles. The females are
similar to adults of the same sex, which I have examined, from Sai-
pan Island of the Mariana Islands and Carmen, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
The males, the first adults I have seen, differ considerably from the
females in their vestiture. They have numerous spines over the
back and legs in contrast to the few found in the females. The large
tuberclers or warts of the females have usually one spine and very
few in between, while the male warts have a cluster of spines and
many small ones scattered between these warts.
Dr. Beck made the following observations on the color of a live
female: "The dorsal ground color is greyish green. The large glands
are tawny with reddish tint. Laterally the body is yellow with a
tinge of green, which color extends anteriorly along the upper man-
dibles. The belly is white and grey streaked. The eyes have a black
iris and a silver to pale yellow cornea. The tympanium is grey."
Mr. Pendleton collected this toad in the pools and ditches of the
cocus groves.
This introduced speci.es is apparently wide spread in the South
Pacific Islands where it is used as a help in controlling insects.
Family Hylidae
HYLA THESAURENSIS Peters
Peters, Monatsh. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 421, 1877.
BYU 6972, 7019, 7266 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), May, August, 1944
BYU 7048-52, 7160 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), July, August, 1944
BYU 7452-65, 7750-63 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), March, 1945
BYU 7139-42. 7868 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), June, 1944
BYU 7066, 7104-5 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel), July, Aug., 1944
No. 28-A Mono Island (R. C. Pendleton), Nov. 26, 1944
No. 1-A, 2A Guadalcanal (R. C. Pendleton) Dec. 20, 1943
No. 7-15A Guadalcanal (R. C. Pendleton), March, April,
1944
Many tadpoles taken by Beck and Reimschiissel.
A study of the fifty-four specimens listed above are found to
vary considerably in color and general morphology. Some of the
preserved adults, as well as juveniles, have white markings along the
median dorsal and lateral parts of the body and head, others are
fairly uniform in grey color while some are grey with dark blotches.
The one specimen from Mono Island shows the dark blotches on a
grey background. It also has a longer more pointed head than the
Guadalcanal specimens and the web does not extend up the fourth
toes as far as in the Guadalcanal specimens.
The Great Basin Naturalist
60 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Captain Beck reports that some individuals of this tree frog, when
alive, are colored as follows: "The large red bronzed eyes with dark
pupil contrasts vividly with the yellow-green pattern on the dark
velvet brown of the dorsum. The yellow pattern is almost an iri-
descent tone in certain light reflections. In some specimens there
are yellow-green lateral and medial stripes and two dots of this color
between the eyes. There is also a yellow strip at the anal region and
one on each side of the head with a tiny dot at the extreme anterior
part. Ventrally, the rear legs, the anal regions, forelegs, pectoral
girdle, and edge of the mouth is a pale blue-green color. The rest
of the body is white."
Some of the largest specimens are 47 mm. in body length with
oblique vomerine teeth placed between the choanae; tympanum
three-quarters the eye diameter; and with outer finger one-third
webbed.
Both Captain Beck and Mr. Pendleton report this species as
common on leaves of the forest floor plants. Specimen no. 28-A was
taken on the leaf of Plantain; altitude 300 feet.
Barbour (1921), Burt (1932), Loveridge (1948), and W. C.
Brown, manuscript, have considered macrop, lutea, and solomonis
as synomyns of thesaurensis. The material before me seems to sup-
port this conclusion.
Family Ranidae
CERATOBATRACHUS GUENTHERI Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 212, 1884.
BYU 7018, 7143-4 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), June, August, -1944
BYU 7147, 7449-51 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), January, 1945
BYU 8934 (47-A), Russell Island (R. C. Pendleton), April, 1945
8936 (43- At
BYU 11019 (25-A) Florida Island (R. C. Pendleton), Nov., 1944
Nos. 26-27A, 31A Florida Island (R. C. Pendleton, January, 1945
Nos. 33A, 41A, 43-46A Banik, (R. C. Pendleton), April, 1945
Russell Islands
This distinctive monotypic endemic frog has teeth on both the
upper and lower jaws; vomerine teeth in two groups just back of the
line between the choanae; tongue notched; pupil large and horizon-
tal; head triangular, large, widest at spines on upper jaw just be-
neath the tympanum, which is larger and vertical. Interorbital
space broad and concave. Folds or spines at tip of snout, over each
eye, at the angle of the mouth and above the tympanum, on the fore-
arm and the heel. Tips of fingers and toes only slightly enlarged,
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 61
fifth toe shorter than the third and toes with rudimentary web.
Length from snout to vent of the largest specimen in the col-
lection is 69 mm.
The color of a live specimen as observed by Captain Beck is as
follows: "The dorsal surface of the head and abdomen is unicolor-
ous, dorsal surface of the legs maculate with dark and light tones of
brown. The medial dorsal part of the body is a slightly darker color
than the rest. The brown color is earthy in appearance. Ventrally
the color has a tint of red in the brown with a denser punctation of
yellowish steppling. There is a row of tiny dots along the edge of
the lower jaw. The dorsal edge of the eye has a pale blue-green
band. The iris is bronze and the pupil black."
RANA PAPUA NOVAEBRITANNIAE Werner
Werner, Zool. Anz., Vol. 17 p. 155, 1894.
BYU 7053-55 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), July, 1944
BYU 7475-16 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck), December, 1944
Three Guadalcanal specimens have been assigned to R. p. novae-
britanniae by W. C. Brown (manuscript). They are all white bellied
with backs which are light brown. Loveridge, 1948, comments on this
form as follows: "Actually the white-bellied Rana novaebritanniae
is perfectly distinct from the mottled-bellied kreffti, and its uni-
formly white underside appears to separate it also from R. p. papua
Lesson."
The live color of this frog as observed by Dr. Beck is as follows:
"The dorsum is olive-brown; around the tympanum and before the
eyes is dark-brown, while that of the lateral area of the abdomen is
greyish brown, the edge of the lower jaw is slightly mottled. The
dorsal surface of the legs are light and dark brown in color. The
undersurface of the body is a pale whitish-blue color with a tendency
to produce an opalescent sheen. The iris ring of the eye is yellow
bronze while the remainder is red. The pupil is a deep blue-black
color."
DISCODELES GUPPYI (Boulenger)
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 211, 1884.
BYU 8912 (No. 32-A) Florida Island (R. C. Pendleton), March 13, 1945
Recently, Brown (manuscript) has proposed that guppyi be
placed in the genus Discodeles which is one of the nine subgenera
into which Boulenger divided the genus Rana. Kinghorn, 1928, gives
a concise characterization of this species. The specimen discussed in
The Great Basin Naturalist
62 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
this report is a small one, 24 mm. from snout to vent, with hind leg
41 mm. in length. The vomerine teeth are in an oblique series be-
hind the choanae. The "tips of the toes and fingers dilated into
discs, the upper surfaces of which are separated from the lower by
a crescentic or horseshoe-shaped groove; web not penetrating far
between the outer metatarsals."
PLATYMANTIS PAPUENSIS WEBERI Schmidt
Schmidt, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Vol. 18, p. 178. 1932.
BYU 8916 (23A) Guadalcanal (R. C. Pendleton), June 5, 1944
8917 (22A)
These two specimens 23 and 24 mm. in length from snout to
vent agree well with Dr. Schmidt's description of specimens from
Tulagi and Isabel Islands. The short oblique series of vomerine teeth
close to the choanae, snout pointed with the nostrils much closer to
its tip than the eye, the circular tympanum, upper eye lids regular,
toes and fingers with small disks, toes without webs, and dorsum with
five to six rows of ridges characterize the two specimens from the
Tenaru River of Guadalcanal.
The color is grey with black blotches on the upper surface of the
legs and over the ridges of the back. Ventral surface is white except
on the chin where there are some dark blotches.
These two specimens were taken in "trash" in the Little Tenaru
River by Mr. Pendleton.
BATRACHYLODES VENTEBRALIS Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 337, 1887.
BYU 8915 (34A) Banika (R. C. Pendleton) January, 1945
Russell Islands
No. 30-A Russell Islands (R. C. Pendleton) January, 1945
No. 35- A Florida Islands (R. C. Pendleton) April 16, 1945
No vomerine teeth; tongue broadly attached, anteriorly elongate,
posteriorly oval and not notched. Tympanum round, 1.5 mm. in
diameter; pupil horizontal; snout short and obtuse; finger disks lar-
ger than those of the toes; toes only slightly webbed.
Color brown and grey matched dorsally, skin smooth; ventral
surface white except for peppering on legs and chin, small tubercles
on gular area. Length from snout to vent of specimen No. 8915 is
21 mm.
Mr. Pendleton collected the Banika specimens at an altitude
of 200 feet in a sunny opening in the rain forest.
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 63
SERPENTES
Family Typhlopidae
TYPHLOPS ALUENSIS Boulenger
Boulenger. Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, p. 336, 1887.
BYU 7102 Guadalcanal near (E. Reimschiissel)
Henderson Field August 5, 1944
BYU 7245 Guadalcanal near (Lt. Reibes) August 29, 1944
Doma Cove area, (D E. Beck)
Nat. Hist. Mus. Tetere Area (J. R. Heath) February, 1944
Stanford Univer- Guadalcanal
sity No. 1131
University of Guadalcanal, 1 mi. (Lowell Adams) June 7, 1944
Calif. Nos. inland, Nalimbus R.
40751, 40752
U. S. National Torokina, Bougain- (W. L. Necker)
Museum, Nos. ville Island, (A. B. Gurney)
120212-21 Solomon Islands
U. S. National Tulagi, Solomon (K. R. Stevenson)
Museum, Nos. Islands
81893-94
U. S. National Guadalcanal, Doma (Q. A. Muennink)
Museum, No. Cove
122327 Solomon Islands
U. S. National Malaita, Solomon (S. M. Lambert)
Museum, No. Islands
76824
Mid-body scale rows twenty-two; urosteges twenty- two to
twenty-three; nasal cleft extends to the posterior portion of the first
upper labial; eyes distinct, showing through the large ocular scales
\\ liich extend down between the second and third upper labial; snout
rounded in a lateral view; nostrils lateral. Length largest specimen,
University of California, No. 40752, 257 mm.; body diameter 7 mm.
Color dark brown on the back and sides, under surface, consist-
ing of three rows of scales, yellowish.
TYPHLOPS BECKI Tanner
Tanner, Great Basin Naturalist, Vol. 9, pp. 15-16, Figs. 4 and 5' 1948.
BYU 7448 Guadalcanal, Tenaru (D E. Beck) November 30, 1944
River, Solomon Islands (E. Ramay)
A Iidbody scale rows twenty, transverse body scales two hundred
and six; urosteges fourteen; head oval when viewed from above;
snout projecting 1.8 mm. beyond the mental; rostral with parallel
sides; nasal cleft extending to the anterior part of the second upper
labial; prefrontal larger than the frontal; supraoculars about half
the size of the parietals and in contact with the nasals, prefrontal,
frontal, parietals, ocular and preocular; upper labials four; eye
shielded bv the ocular, which comes in contact with the second and
The Great Basin Naturalist
64 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
third labials; the preocular contacts the first and second labials. Body
length one hundred twelve mm.; tail five mm.; diameter four and
eight tenths mm.
Color above dark brown, ventral light brown head pale grey,
eyes grey with black pupils, terminal spine of the tail small and
blunt.
TYPHLOPS INFRALABIALIS Waite
Waite, Rec. South Austr. Mus. I. pp. 35-63, Fig. 25, 1918.
BYU 7040 Guadalcanal (Geo. Nazaruk) June 21, 1944
Nalimbus River (Lowell Adams)
Solomon Islands (D E. Beck)
Mouth inferior, rostral and nasals projecting dorsally beyond
the mental, nasal cleft extends to the posterior half of the first upper
labial. No supranasals. Preocular not in contact with the ocular.
An ocular, posterior ocular, subocular, and supralabial on an area
normally covered by the ocular. Eye indistinct; supralabials four,
infralabials three. Midbody scale rows twenty-eight, transverse body
scales four hundred sixty-six, urosteges sixteen; anal five. Body
length three hundred forty-four mm.; tail eight mm. body diameter
just posterior to the anus six mm.
The eight to ten ventral scales are clear yellowish white while
the eighteen to twenty side and back ones have brownish central
spots surrounded by light borders. This gives a distinctly uniform
spotted or checkered appearance.
TYPHLOPS ADAMSI Tanner n. sp.
Univer of Calif. Guadalcanal Nalimbiu June 6, 1944
No. 40753 River, Solomon Islands (Lowell Adams)
Type: Midbody scales twenty-six, gastrosteges four hundred
fifty-one; urosteges seventeen; anal five; supralabials four; infra-
labials three; nasal cleft extending to the rostral and the anterior
upper surface of the second supralabial; preocular and postocular
fused into one scale which touches the posterior part of the nasal
and the anterior part of the ocular; parietals large and in contact
behind the frontal. Length of body one hundred forty-eight mm.;
diameter three and one-half mm.
Color light brown with dark brown spots in center of scales on
back and sides; ventral scales yellowish.
Adamsi may be distinguished from infralabialis as follows:
Body scale rows 26; nasal cleft extending to nostril and the second
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 65
supralabial; preocular and postocular fused into one scale, parietals
large and in contact behind the frontal. The head scales are sym-
metrical.
Type locality: Nalimbiu River, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.
Collected by Lowell Adams, June 6, 1944. Type in the Ilerpetologi-
cal collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of
California at Berkeley, California.
I am pleased to dedicate this species to Mr. Lowell Adams who
collected a number of interesting reptiles in the South Pacific area.
I also want to thank Dr. R. Stebbins for the loan of museum speci-
mens of Typhlops from the Solomon Islands.
Family Boidae
ENYGRUS CARINATUS (Schneider)
Schneider, Hist. Amph. II, p. 261, 1801.
BYU 6961 Guadalcanal, Solomon <D E. Beck) May 22, 1944
7135 Islands
BYU 7103, Guadalcanal, Solomon (John Chattin) June 27, 1944
7137-38 Islands (D E. Beck)
BYU 7148, Guadalcanal, Solomon (John Chattin) October, 1944
7232 Islands (D E. Beck)
BYU 7246, Guadalcanal, Solomon (E. Reimschiissel) August 5, 1944
7330 Islands
BYU 7901 Guadalcanal, Solomon (E. Reimschiissel) August 5, 1944
Islands
Midbody scale rows thirty-seven to thirty-eight; urosteges forty
to forty-two; supralabials eleven to twelve; infralabials thirteen;
anal undivided. Specimen No. 7138 has well developed visible bony
spurs which are used in the movement of the snake. Two specimens
were received alive from Guadalcanal, one of them No. 7901 lived
eight months in a small cage, during this time it ate two bats.
The color of specimen No. 6961, which was captured by Cap-
tain Beck, was described as follows: "Dorsally the pattern is dark
brown (earthy) while the lateral color is slate grey with a brownish
tint. At the lateral and ventral contact scattered white and red scales
are found with black spots on some scales, which are distributed so
as to give a speckled appearance. The red and black scales, however,
are found to be grouped so as to give a definite pattern on the outside
edge of the ventral scales. The middle scales of the belly are white
to cream with black speckling. The color extends to the anal region
where the red scales and speckling discontinue. The chin is mottled
grey. The eyes are speckled grey. The under surface of the terminus
of the nose has black spots."
The Great Basin Naturalist
DO VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Family Colubridae
BOIGA IRREGULARIS (Merrem)
Merrem, Bechst, Uebers, Lacep. IV, p. 239, 1802.
BYU 6962, Guadalcanal, Solomon (D E. Beck) May 22 1944
7041 Islands
BYU 7231, Guadalcanal, Solomon (J. Chattin) September 18, 1944
7227 Islands (D E. Beck)
BYU 7248, Guadalcanal, Solomon (D E. Beck) September 18, 1944
7970 Islands
Rostral broader than deep, internasals shorter than the pre-
frontals; supralabials eight to ten; infralabials twelve to thirteen;
mid body scale rows twenty-one; gastrosteges, average of six speci-
mens, 229; urosteges, average of five specimens, 105 plus; the total
length of the largest specimen No. 7231 is 1043 mm. the tail length
being 242 mm.
AHAETULLA CALLIG ASTER (Gunther)
Gunther, Ann. Nat. Hist., (3) XX, p. 53, 1867.
BYU 7039 Guadalcanal, Solomon (D. E. Beck) July 10, 1944
BYU 7118 Islands (J. Johnson) August 10, 1944
Guadalcanal, Solomon (H. Hawkins)
Islands
Midbody scale rows thirteen; gastrosteges one hundred seventy-
eight and one hundred eighty-one; urosteges one hundred nineteen
and one hundred forty; anal divided; supralabials eight; infralabials
nine; preoculars one; postoculars two; loreal one; temporals two;
length, No. 7118, 1101 (725 + 376) mm.
Color in life as recorded by Beck. "The dorsum of the anterior
one fifth of the body is bright rust color. The remainder of the body
is an olive green. The lateral patterns are very indistinct, but when
the snake expands its body the color shows up to a greater extent
The neck region laterally is orange red when the scales are spread
apart. The edges of some of the scales are orange in color. There
are also black lateral bands in the neck regions, this color seems to
be due to the coloration of the body membrane."
The eyes are mottled bronze and brown. The upper part of the
iris is mainly bronze. The pupil is round and black.
DENISONIA PAR (Boulenger)
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 210, 1884.
BYU 7117, Guadalcanal, Solomon (D E. Beck) August, 1944
7247 Islands (R. T. Brice)
BYU 7329 Guadalcanal, Solomon (D E. Beck) December, 1944
Islands
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands iii.hpetology no. v 67
Midbody scale rows fifteen; gastrosteges one hundred sixty-
five to one hundred sixty-six; urosteges fifty-three; anals two; supra-
labials seven; infralabials seven; preoculars one; postoculars two.
The total length of specimen No. 7117 is 744 (630 + 114) mm.
This is a fairly common species on Guadalcanal.
LATICAUDA COLUBRINA Schneider
Schneider, Hist. Amph., I. p. 238, 1799.
BYU 7061 Guadalcanal. (D E. Beck) July 30, 1944
Solomon Islands
BYU 7328 Russell Island, (Major R. T. Brice) October 28, 1944
Solomon Islands
Midbody scale rows twenty-three; gastrosteges two hundred
seventeen to two hundred twenty-one; urosteges forty-one to forty-
three; anal two; supralabials seven; infralabials nine; preoculars
one; postoculars two; temporals one and two. The total length of
specimen No. 7328 is 373 (289 + 44) mm.
The color in life as recorded by Captain Beck is as follows: "The
yellow on the anterior dorsum of the head and the first ring back of
the black head patch as well as the lateral hue of the upper jaw is
distinctive. The tip of the flattened tail is pale cream color. The
black bands are broadened dorsally and narrowed ventrally except
the tail bands which are broadened laterally. There is a pale yellow
spot on the center of the dorsal black head shield.
"The eye is small, the iris is a mottled pale greyish, the area
outside of the iris is dark brown."
HYDROPHIS CYANOCINCTUS Daudin
Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept. VII, p. 383, 1803.
BYU 7861 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands (D E. Beck), March, 1945
Rostral broader than deep with marginal grooves; nasal shorter
than the frontal, twice as long as the suture between the praefrontals;
praefrontals in contact with the second supralabial; one preocular;
two postoculars; temporals three and one; eight upper labials, second
largest, third, fourth and fifth entering the eye; infralabials ten and
nine; both pair of chin shields in contact; body scale rows twenty-
seven anterior thirty-seven at midbody, thirty-three posterior near
anus; anals two pairs; gastrosteges three hundred thirty-four; uros-
teges forty-three; scales smooth and sub-imbricate.
Color of preserved specimen black above with forty-seven light
bands extending from the dark back to the ventral surface. A single
The Great Basin Naturalist
68 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
row of larger black gastrostege scales separates the light bands. The
head and chin are light colored. The tail for the length of twenty-
two scales is black. Total length is 1028 (927 + 101) mm.
This seems to be a new record for Guadalcanal and the Solomon
Islands. De Rooji, however, reports cyanocinctus for New Guinea.
Kinghorn, 1929, and Schmidt, 1932, reported specimens of Chersy-
drus granulatus from Malaita and Isabel Islands which constitute
rare records for the Solomon Islands.
SQUAMATA - SAURIA
Family Gekkonidae
GYMNODACTYLUS PELAGICUS (Girard)
Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 197.
BYU 6966, 6987-88 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) July-August, 1944
BYU 7021, 7101, 7155 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) May-June, 1944
BYU 7290-91 7467, Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) January, 1945
7472
A comparison of the specimens listed above with those reported
by the writer from Morotai show a similarity in size, coloration, and
scalation. De Rooij does not list this species from Halmahera or
Morotai.
The following observations on the habits and color in life of
specimens collected by Captain Beck are as follows: "Specimens of
this lizard were collected on tree trunks, screen door of the insectory,
under logs and debris on the forest floor. The skin is delicate which
necessitates handling the specimens with care in order that it will
not be broken. The ventral surface is violaceous while the dorsal
surface is brown with pale yellow tiny spots scattered about. This
species is secretative and hard to capture unless exposed by the turn-
ing over of logs and rocks."
GEHYRA OCEANICA (Lesson)
Lesson, Voyage Coquille, Zool. II, Pt. I, 1830, p. 42.
BYU 6967, 7062-63 Guadalcanal (Beck & Reimschiissel) July, 1944
BYU 7059, 7132-34 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June, July, 1944
BYU 7473, 7748, 7749 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) January, March, 1945
BYU 7746-47 Segi Point, (Lt. (J.G.) CO. June, 1944
New Georgia Berg)
Island
The life color of this lizard was reported by Captain Beck as
follows: "In the screen house the color was silvery to grey with
very indistinct pale lemon yellowspots on the dorsum of the neck
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 69
and shoulder region and laterally on the abdomen. In the laboratory
the whole animal assumed a darker hue. The above markings be-
come more definite. A distinct brown speckling was apparent on the
dorsum of the whole body. The dorsum of the head is a pale, pastel
green. The markings above the hind leg region and the abdomen
are a pale violet color."
The whole undersurface of the body is cream colored, except
the feet of the fore and hind legs, the posterior surface of the hind
legs and the undersurface of the tail which are a salmon pink color.
The eyes are a bright color with a vertical black irregularly
shaped pupil. The tongue is a bright flesh pink.
This lizard is common in and about the camp buildings. It feeds
upon insects found on the screens and walls of the tents.
LEPIDODACTYLUS LUGUBRIS (D. & B.)
Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen. Ill, 1836, p. 304.
BYU 7004-5, 7008 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June, 1944
BYU 7010, 7046, 7056-57 Guadalcanal ,D E. Beck) July, 1944
(J. Chattin)
BYU 7064-65, 7115 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) August, 1944
BYU 7253 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) May, 1944
The guadalcanal specimens agree with those from Morotai in
morphological characters, the lamellae and scansors of the fourth
toe are as follows: Nos. 7004-9 + 4; 7005-6 + 5; 7008-5 + 4;
7010-10 + ?; 7056-6 + 4. The supralabials are 10 to 12 in num-
ber; infralabials 10 to 12. Ground color grey to brown with scat-
tered small blackish areas on the back and sides; venter white to
pinkish.
LEPIDODACTYLUS GUPPYI Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, p. 210.
BYU 7047 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands ,D E. Beck) July, 1944
Rostral wide extending between the nostril cavities, not high,
not any higher than the supralabials; supralabials twelve, infra-
labials eleven; mental small wedge shaped, one third as wide as the
rostral. Submentals irregular five rows of round enlarged scales,
head broad and shorter than in lugubris; eleven lamellae under the
median finger and thirteen under the median toe; digits with small
web at base and moderately dilated. Length 73 (41 + 32) mm.
The following observations on the color in life of this specimen
are taken from Captain Beck's field notes number 214, July 21, 1944:
"This gekko may or may not be a different specimen than I have
The Great Basin Naturalist
70 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
taken before. It does have a different color pattern than the regular
run of gekkos I have observed or collected.
"Dorsally it is grey: the color being due to light splashes and
pin point speckling of grey. The tail has three light color bands.
These are five distinct black dots at the ventro-lateral contact. There
are three dorso-lateral black dots, the first at the neck region, the
last one approximately above the first vento-lateral dot. There are
lateral pouch-like swellings in the region, these swollen regions are
cream colored and splashed with light brown markings. The eyes
are bronzed flecked with brown. Extending posteriorly at the ventro-
posterior margin of the eye is a black line. It reaches about half way
to the ear. Ventrally the body is pale with fleckings of brown. When
the specimen was placed in 70 per cent alcohol the whole body be-
came much lighter in color."
LEPIDODACTYLUS WOODFORDII Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 334.
BYU 7145-46 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June, 1944
BYU 7254-7292-93 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) August, 1944
BYU 8894 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) September, 1944
Specimens are all small; about 47 mm. total length, tail minus
in some specimens. With distinct zigzag black cross bands on the
grey color of the back; digits without web, twelve supralabials, ten
infralabials; a faint black streak extending from the nostril through
the eye to the neck.
These specimens were considered as immature forms of Gehyra
' oceanica by Captain Beck.
Dr. Walter C. Brown is making a careful study of the species
of Lepidodoctylus and has recently informed me that he suspects
L. woodfordii may be a synonym of L. lugubris.
PSEUDOGEKKO SHEBAE Brown and Tanner
Brown & Tanner, The Great Basin Naturalist, Vol. 9, Nos. 3-4, 1948,
pp. 41-45, figs. 1 and 2.
BYU 7002, Type Guadalcanal (John Chattin) May 31, 1944
Specimen Lunga River Area (D E. Beck)
This species, represented by a unique specimen, is far removed
from the genotype area which is Batan Province, Luzon Island,
Philippine Islands. It is also interesting to note that the genotype
species compresicorpus is based on a single female specimen. The
specimen has probably been destroyed since Dr. Taylor deposited it
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 71
in the Philippine Bureau of Science collection in 1915.
Shebae differs from compresicorpus mainly in the number of
supralabials, 10 as compared to 19 or 20, infralabials, 9 as compared
to 16, the presence of enlarged chin shields, and the undivided con-
dition of the terminal lamella. Unfortunately, only one specimen of
this species was collected. Captain Beck reported that he thought
this species was common around the camp. It may be easily con-
fused with other species of gekkos in that area. The type specimen
of shebae is deposited in the Herpetological Collections of the Brig-
ham Young University.
Family Varanidae
VARANUS INDICUS (Daudin)
Daudin, Rept. Ill, p. 46, 1802.
BYU 7136 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June 16, 1944
This is the only representative of this family in the Solomon
Islands. The long snout with the nostril near the tip, the fairly
large head and supraocular scales, the arrangement of the almost
square abdominal scales in rows, the strong limbs with long digits
and sharp claws, the compressed tail with the dorsal scales keeled are
the most noticeable characteristics of this species. The size is 915
mm. in length.
Comments on the color and food of this specimen are taken from
Captain Beck's notes as follows: "This animal which is black with
a speckled yellow pattern was found in a heavily wooded thicket
near the swampy region. The natives were clearing the wooded
spot when the lizard was seen. These lizards are common but are
swift in escape. When captured alive they make painful scratches
on the captor, with their claws, which are long and sharp. This
lizard is very much of an arboreal animal.
"Checking the stomach, I found the remains of the common
land crab, bird feathers, and the tail of a striped skink."
Family Scincidae
CORUCIA ZEBRATA Gray
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885, p. 218, pi. 8.
BYU 7119 Guadalcanal (Anthony Ross) June 30, 1944
BYU 7120 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck)
(J. Johnson) June 30, 1944
(E. Ramey)
(H. Hawkins)
The Great Basin Naturalist
72 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Rostral small, between the nostrils, two-thirds as wide as high,
frontonasal large, hard and somewhat polished, as wide as high,
18 mm.; two large temporals; eight supralabials, the seventh as long
as the fourth, fifth and sixth; seven infralabials, the fifth 15 mm.
long on specimen 7120; mental small, the submental much larger;
eyelids scaly; nostril in a single nasal which is in contact with the
rostral, first supralabial, anterior loreal and frontonasal; tympanum
large; body scales about twice as large dorsally as ventrally, 40
around the middle of the body; digits well developed with large,
sharp claws, the fourth toe half as long as the leg and with 22 lamel-
lae; tail long and prehensile, total length of specimen No. 7119,610
(255 + 355) mm. and specimen No. 7120,485 (167 + 318) mm.
The life color of this species was observed by Captain Beck.
The following has been extracted from his field notes: "The color
pattern is dorsally a series of grey-green cross patches with dark
brown scales scattered through these areas. Narrower cross lines
of blue-grey separate the larger areas. In one specimen these lines
are pale yellow-green. The larger areas are brownish green. This
color arrangement also extends on the dorsal surface of the legs, tail
and feet. The dorsal scales of the head have a tendency to be splashed
with yellow instead of blue, blue-grey, or yellow- green.
"Ventrally the feet are a mustard yellow with the color ex-
tending out part way on the toes. The ventral part of the tail, ab-
domen, and thorax is a grey-blue as on the dorsum of the body. There
is an indistinct patterning of the ventral area proper by faint grey-
green lines. The scales of the chin are yellow-green.
"The eyes are greenish with a black pupil."
Captain Beck kept one of these specimens in captivity for about
two weeks. "I find it is quite docile in captivity. Only when it has
been molested has it given any signs of protecting itself. Upon being
teased it leans to one side, backs away using its tail where ever it can
attach itself, then opens its powerful mouth. Standing high on its
short front legs, holding its mouth open it is ready to firmly bite
onto any object getting close enough to be clamped on to. Closing
the mouth it occasionally thrusts its short stubby pink colored non-
forked tongue out."
This lizard which is endemic to the Solomon Islands feeds upon
leaves of trees at night and sleeps in the cavities of the trees during
the day. The two specimens before me are perfect ones.
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology no. v 73
PEDIPORUS SCHMIDTI (Burt)
Burt, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 427, June, 1930. p. 3.
BYU 6973-4, 6975 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) August, 1944
BYU 7006-7, 7011-13 Guadalcanal ( E. Reimschiissel) May, 1944
BYU 7028-37 Guadalcanal ( E. Reimschiissel) September, 1944
BYU 7076-80, 7111 Guadalcanal ( E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
BYU 7153-54, 7156-58 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) September, 1944
BYU 7261-2, 7269-89 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
BYU 7468-71, 7764 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
Rostral one third as high as wide; nostril in large angular scale;
four large supraoculars; mental wide, postmental slightly longer than
the large contiguous chin shields; tympanium large and unguarded;
head wide at the temporal region; five rows of large keeled ventral
scales; two large preanal scales; lateral and dorsal scales heavily
keeled and spiny, two dorsal rows of large scales; an average of 30 to
33 from occupit to base of tail; 29 to 30 ventral scales from large chin
shields to preanal scales. Scales of the head heavily striated; 18 to 20
lamellae under the fourth toe of the hind foot. Length 101 (40 +
61 ) mm. The fifty-three specimens reported above are in very good
condition. Color of dorsal dark brown, ventral light brown, tail and
lateral body with light bands and stripes.
LYGOSOMA (SPHENOMORPHUS) CRANEI Schmidt
Schmidt, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol., 19, No. 9, p. 182, 1932.
BYU 7088,7297. Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) August,
BYU 7299 Tenaru River Area (I. Johnson) September,
(H. Hawkins) 1944
Rostral three fourths as high as wide; no supranasals; prefront-
als in contact along a median suture; frontal long, longer than the
combined frontoparietal and interparietal; parietal large; lower
eyelid scaly; supralabials eight, infralabials seven; mental, sub-
mental and three pairs of chin-shields; twenty-six to twenty-nine
lamellae under the fourth toe, thirty-three scales around the middle
of the body; scales smooth; length 158 (60 + 98) mm.
This long tailed skink has a light brown ground color with whit-
ish bands which extend from the sides over the back and tail, giving
the specimen a banded appearance; on the sides are some dark bars
which are very noticeable. The ventral parts are light yellowish
with some brown scales on the under surface of the tail.
LYGOSOMA (SPHENOMORPHUS) BIGNELLI Schmidt
Schmidt, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. 18, No. 9, p. 183, 1932.
BYU 6994-99 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June, 1944
Tenaru River (E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
74
VASCO M. TANNER
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
BYU 7069-70
BYU 7087, 7089
BYU 7109-10, 7152
BYU 7249-50, 7257
BYU 7305, 8892
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
(D E. Beck)
(I. Johnson)
(H. Hawkins)
(E. Reimschiissel)
(E. Reimschiissel)
(D E. Beck)
August, 1944
August, 1944
August, 1944
September, 1944
Rostral one third wider than high; snout pointed; no supra-
nasals; frontal elongate with a narrow contact with frontonasal; nos-
tril in a single nasal; eyelid scaly; ear opening large; four supra-
oculars; six supralabials, six infralabials. Mental scales large; sub-
mental and three pairs of chin shields large; lamellae 18 under the
fourth toe; body scales smooth twenty- two to twenty-three rows
around the body at the middle. Length 73 (33 + 40) mm. This is a
small species. The specimens listed above are about 65 to 80 mm.
in total length.
The color of preserved specimens is a dark brown ground color
with small white areas along the sides of the body, over the tail and
less over the back. An irregular light band of about two scales in
width along the sides. The white spots are due to the distal portion
of one to three scales being white. The underside is a cream to white
in color on the throat, belly, and portion of the underside of the tail.
There is, however, some suffusion of brown scales among the white
ones on the underside of the tail.
LYGOSOMA (LYGOSOMA) SOLOMONIS Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 334, 1887.
D E. Beck) May, 1944
BYU 6976
BYU 7014
BYU 7067
BYU 7083
BYU 7151
BYU 7302
BYU 7474
6989-93
7022-27
■8, 7071-2
6, 7095-6
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal
, 7251, 7300 Guadalcanal
■4, 7307-8
, 8895
(D E. Beck) June, 1944
(E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
(J. Johnson) August, 1944
(H. Hawkins)
(D E. Beck) August, 1944
(E. Reimschiissel)
Guadalcanal (J. Johnson) August, 1944
(H. Hawkins)
Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) January, 1945
Rostral twice as wide as high, in contact with the first supra-
labial, nasal and frontonasal; interna sals not present; prefrontals
separated by the frontal, which is in contact with the first and second
supraoculars; parietals large and bordered by two to six pairs of
nuchals. Lower eyelid scaly. Ear opening large without lobules,
supralabials seven, infralabials six; mental large, submental and
three rows of chin shields; twenty-six to twenty-eight scale rows
around the body; sixteen lamellae under the fourth toe; legs and
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v 75
digits short. Length 113 (49 + 64) mm.
Color of live specimens according to Captain Beck's notes is as
follows: "Dark brown with light brown speckling under surface
of body, light tan between fore legs and light rust for a short distance
behind the rear legs."
LYGOSOMA (LYGOSOMA) CONCINNATUM Boulenger
Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 335, 1887.
BYU 6977-79, Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) July, 1944
7073-4 Tenaru River area (E. Reimsehiissel)
BYU 7091-2, Guadalcanal (I. Johnson) September, 1944
7149-50 (H. Hawkins)
BYU 7159, 7298, Guadalcanal ( H. Hawkins) January, 1945
7466 (I. Johnson)
Rostral about twice as wide as high; no supranasal; frontanasal
broader than high; nostril in a single nasal; four supraoculars; six
to seven supralabials and six to seven infralabials, fifth supralabial
larger and entering the orbit; ear opening oval and large, lower
eye lid scaly; body scales smooth, forty- two around the body at the
middle; lamellae under 4th toe, twenty-two to twenty-four; length
144 (62 + 82) mm.
Color a dark brown with zig-zag dark spots or blotches on the
back; sides with white spots in the brown ground color; under surface
light with some brown spots on the tail; black spots edged with white
between the tympanium and shoulder, the dorsal scales with a me-
tallic scheen. This species is common under logs where the soil is
moist, but not too wet.
LYGOSOMA (LEIOLEPISMA) ANOLIS (Boulenger)
Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) XII, p. 161, 1883.
BYU 6964, 7075 Guadalcanal (E. Reimsehiissel) August, 1942
BYU 7252, 7264 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) August, 1944
BYU 7268, 7765 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) Jan. Feb., 1945
Rostral wide and broad, nostril in one nasal scale; frontonasal
large, prefrontals in contact, five supraoculars, large almost in contact
on the median line. Mentum, submentum and three pairs of chin
shields large; median dorsal pair of scales large, thirty-three around
the middle of the body; digits with proximal lamellae expanded,
distal ones contracted, fourth toe with seven to nine contracted and
fourteen to eighteen expanded lamellae; length 108 (53 + 55) mm.
Color black and sides light to cream, belly white, head with
some black.
The Great Basin Naturalist
76 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
LYGOSOMA ( LEIOLEPISMA ) NOCTUA Lesson
Lesson Voy. "Coquille" Zool. 2, p. 48, 1830.
BYU 7000, 7009, 7060 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June, 1944
Tenaru River
BYU 7093, 7113, 7294 Guadalcanal (I. Johnson) July, 1944
BYU 7667, 7867, 8890-1 Guadalcanal (H. Hawkins) August, 1944
BYU 8893 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) Sept., 1944
Rostral twice as broad as high; frontonasal and frontal in contact
and long; supraocular four, large, the first two in contact with the
frontal; nostril in one nasal scale; seven supralabials and six infra-
labials; lower eye lid with transparent disc; ear opening medium
with out lobules; mental and submental small; twenty-four to twen-
ty-eight scales around the middle of the body. Eighteen to twenty-
two lamellae under the fourth toe, average length of five specimens
83 (39 + 44) mm.
Color, a dorsal and lateral white line bordered by dark brown
rows of scales; under surface white; tail with some cross bars. There
is some variation in these specimens especially in the head scales and
color. A large series from the Solomon Islands should be carefully
studied. The Morotai and Admiralty Islands specimens are darker
in color.
EMOIA CYANURA (Lesson)
Lesson, Zool. in Duperry, Voyage antour du Monde dur La Coquille,
Vol. 2 pt. 1, p. 47, 1830.
BYU 6969-71 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) May 16, 1944
BYU 6980-86, 7003 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) June 2, 1944
BYU 7043-45, 7082 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) July, 1944
BYU 7112-7114, 7125 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) August, 1944
BYU 7131, 7255, 7258-60 Guadalcanal (J. Johnson) August, 1944
(H. Hawkins)
BYU 7256, 7301, 7306 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) September, 1944
Rostral twice as wide as high; nostril between three small scales,
the nasal supranasal and postnasal; frontonasal in broad contact with
the rostral, broader than long; four supraciliaries; lower eyelid with
a transparent disk; ear opening oval, with several short anterior
lobules; seven supralabials; six infralabials; mental large. Scale
rows around the middle of the body twenty-seven to thirty, 2 (27),
14 (28), 4 (29), 6 (30); lamellae on the underside of the fourth
toe are two kinds, the proximal ones are broad and smooth, while
the distal ones are slightly comprised and sharp edged, the proximal
ones vary from sixty-one to seventy-five and the distal ones from
Doc. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v 77
six to seven in number. The average body and tail length is from
120 to 138 mm.
The dorsal color is dark brown to black with three yellow to
white stripes.
Captain Beck, while searching for coconut shells which con-
tained water where mosquitoes may be breeding, found several shells
which contained lizard eggs. Some of these eggs were placed in a
pill box and in two days, two eggs had hatched. These lizards and
some of the unhatched eggs and shells were preserved. They are
listed under No. 7255. One shell which is in perfect shape, from
which a lizard hatched and escaped from a hole 4 mm. in diameter
in the side of the egg, is 1 1 mm. in length and 7 mm. in diamenter;
one other shell is 14 mm. in length and 7 mm. in diameter. The two
young lizards were preserved two days after hatching, one of them
has a length of 59 (21 + 38) mm. and the other 58 (22 + 36) mm.
It would appear that the young lizards are about one half the adult
length at the time of hatching.
EMOIA NIGRUM (H. and J.)
Hombron and Jacquinot, Voy. au Pole Sud. Rept. 1842, p. 11.
BYU 6965, 6919, 7001 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) May, 1944
(J. Chattin)
BYU 7081, 7094, 7097-99 Guadalcanal (I. Johnson) August, 1944
(H. Hawkins) August, 1944
BYU 7100, 7106-8, 7295 Guadalcanal (E. Reimschiissel) July, 1944
BYU 7296, 7766, 8888 Guadalcanal (D E. Beck) September, 1944
Rostral two-thirds as high as wide, supranasal small; nostril
between prenasal, postnasal, and supranasal; four supraoculars;
frontonasal in contact with the rostral; prefrontals and frontal com-
bined length equal to length of frontoparientals and interparietal;
transparent disc in lower eye lid; six to seven supralabials, the fifth
one larger and beneath the eye; six infralabials; mental, submental
and first pair of chin shields about equal in length. Scales smooth,
dorsals largest, thirty-one to thirty-seven around the middle of the
body; lamellae thirty-one to thirty-six on under surface of fourth toe.
Average length of eight specimens is 236 (87 + 149) mm.
Color dark brown above and light pink to cream below in adults.
In young specimens the back is golden to light browrn in color.
The following is from Beck's notes; "Chattin and I caught these
specimens in a coconut grove. They were first observed in a grassy
area and then caught as they tried to escape under scales of a coco-
nut tree which was in the process of decay."
The Great Basin Naturalist
78 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
CHECK LIST OF SOLOMON ISLANDS
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
Synoptic studies of the amphibians and reptiles of the Solomon
Islands have been made by Boulenger, 1884-90; Barbour, 1921; King-
horn, 1928; Burt, 1932; and Schmidt, 1932. Aside from the above
are many recent, scattered comments and descriptions of species of
the fauna of this archipelago. In making this study, I have found
that the following list has been of great help. It is presented with no
claim to completeness, but with the hope that it may be of some
value to future students of the amphibians and reptiles of this area.
AMPHIBIA
Family Bufonidae
GENUS and SPECIES LOCALITY — ISLANDS
BUFO Laurenti, Syn. Rep. 1768,
p. 25
1. MARINUS (Linnaeus) Guadalcanal.
Family Hylidae
HYLA Laurenti, Syn. Rept. 1768,
p. 32
2. THESAURENSIS Peters Guadalcanal, Mono, Bougainville,
macrop Blgr. Fauro, Isabel, New Georgia, Russell,
lutea Blgr. Tulagi, Malaita.
solomonis Vogt
PALMATORAPPIA Ahl, S.B. Ges.
Naturf. Fr.
Berlin, p. 113, 1927.
3. SOLOMONIS (Sternfeld) Buka.
Family Ranidae
CERATOBATRACHUS Boulenger
Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 212, 1884.
4. GUENTHERI Blgr. Guadalcanal, Russell, Florida, Bou-
gainville, Choiseul, Kulambangara,
Mono, Ronongo, Shortland, Vella
Lavella.
CORNUFER Tschudi, Mem. Soc.
Sc. Nat. Neuchatel, II,
p. 28, 1839.
5. CORRUGATUS A. Dum. Bougainville, Choiseul, Ronongo,
Mono.
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v
79
6. NECKERI Brown and Myers Bougainville.
7. GUPPYI (Blgr.) Florida, Guadalcanal, Isabel.
RANA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 10 Ed.
p. 210, 1758.
8. PAPUA NOVAEBRITAN-
NIAE Werner
9. KREFFTI Blgr.
Guadalcanal, Bougainville.
Mono, Bougainville.
Bougainville, Fauro, Choiseul, Mono,
Rendova, Ronongo.
Isabel, Florida, Treasury, Bougain-
ville, Kulambangara.
DISCODELES Boulenger, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist (9) I,
p. 238, 1918.
10. BUFONIFORMIS Blgr.
opisthodon Blgr.
11. GUPPYI Blgr. Fide W. C.
Brown, manuscript.
PLATYMANTIS Gunther, Cat. Batr.
Sal. Brit. Mus. 90, 93, 1858.
12. SOLOMONIS Blgr. Isabel.
13. PAPUENSIS WEBERI Tulagi, Guadalcanal.
Schmidt
14. MYERSI Brown Bougainville.
HYPSIRANA Kinghorn, Rec. Aus-
tral. Mus. XVI, p. 130,
1928.
15. HEFFERNANI Kinghorn Isabel.
BATRACHYLODES Boulenger,
Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
p. 337, 1887.
16. VERTEBRALIS Blgr. Russell, Florida, Isabel.
chaperina friedericii Stern-
feld Buka
REPTILIA
Squamata - Serpentes
Family Typhlopidae
TYPHLOPS Schneider, Hist. Amph.
II, p. 339, 1801.
17. ALUENSIS Blgr.
T. philococos Werner
18. BECKI Tanner
19. OLIVACEUS REDUNCUS
Barbour
20. CUMINGII MANSUETUS
Barbour
21. INFRALABIALIS Waite
22. ADAMSI Tanner
23. BERGI Peters
24. SOLOMONIS Parker
Alu, San Cristobal, Isabel, Tulagi,
Guadalcanal, Malaita, Ronongo.
Guadalcanal.
San Cristobal, Guadalcanal.
San Cristobal.
Malaita, Guadalcanal.
Guadalcanal.
New Georgia.
Bougainville.
80
VASCO M. TANNER
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XL Nos. 3-4
Family Boidae
ENYGRUS Wagler, Syst. Amph. p.
166, 1830.
CARINATUS Schneider
25.
26.
27.
28.
AUSTRALIS (Montrouzier)
BIBRONII H. and J.
ASPER (Gunther)
Erelophis asper Gunther
Santa Ana, San Cristobal, Guadal-
canal.
San Cristobal, Santa Ana.
Solomon Islands.
Bougainville.
Family Colubridae
CHERSYDRUS Cuvier, Reg. Anim.
II, p. 75, 1817.
29. GRANULATUS Schneider Malaita, Isabel.
BOIGA Stejneger, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash. XV, p. 15, 1902.
30. IRREGULARIS (Merrem) Bougainville, Florida, Guadalcanal,
Coluber irregularis Isabel, Mono, Ronongo, Narovo,
Merrem Rendovo.
Dipsadamorphius irregular-
is Blgr.
Boiga irregularis Stejneger
AHAETULLA Link, Beschr. Nat.
Samml. Rostock, (2), 78,
1807.
31. CALLIGASTER (Gunther)
Dendrophis callig aster
Gunther
Dendrophis salomonis
Gunther.
MICROPECHIS Boulenger, Brit.
Mus. Cat. Snakes, III,
p. 347, 1896.
32. ELAPOIDES (Boulenger)
Hoplocephalus elapoides
Blgr.
DENISONIA Krefft, Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, p. 321, 1869.
33. PAR (Blgr)
Hoplocephalus par Blgr.
Hoplocephalus melanurus
Blgr.
Denisonia melanurus Blgr.
34. WOODFORDII (Blgr.) New Georgia, Rendova.
Hoplocephalus woodfordii
Blgr.
Denisonia woodfordii Blgr.
LATICAUDA Laurenti, Syn. Rept.
p. 109, 1768.
35. COLUBRINA Schneider Bougainville, Buka, Isabel, Guadal-
Hydrus colubrinus canal, San Cristobal, Choiseul.
Guadalcanal, Ugi, Bougainville,
Choiseul, Fauro, Florida, Gizo, San
Cristobal, Rendova.
Malaita.
Florida.
Guadalcanal, Isabel, Faro.
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v 81
Schneider
Platurus colubrinus Blgr.
36. CROCKERI Slevin Rennell.
PELAMYDRUS Stejneger, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. XXXVIII,
p. Ill, 1910.
37. PLATURUS Linnaeus Solomon Islands.
Anguis platura L.
Hydrus platura Blgr.
PARAPISTOCALAMUS Roux, Vehr.
Naturf. Ges. Basel, 45,
p. 78, 1934.
38. HEDIGERI Roux Bougainville.
HYDROPHIS Latreille, Suite a
Deterville Ed. Button,
Rept, IV, p. 193, 1801.
39. CYANOCINCTUS Daudin Guadalcanal.
Loricata
Family Crocodylidae
CROCODYLUS Gronovius, Zooph., I,
10, 1763.
40. POROSUS Schneider Guadalcanal, Isabel.
Squamata - Sauria
Family Agamidae
GONOCEPHALUS Kaup, Isis
(Oken) p. 590, 1825.
41. GODEFFROYI (Peters) Bougainville, Santa Ana, San Cristo-
Lophura godeffroyi Peters bal.
Family Gekkonidae
GYMNODACTYLUS Boulenger,
Brit. Mus. Cat. Liz. I,
p. 22, 1885.
42. PELAGICUS (Girard) Guadalcanal, Isabel.
43. LOUISIADENSIS De Vis Solomon Islands.
Gymnodactylus loriae Blgr.
G. olivii Garman
GEHYRA Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, II, p. 100, 1834.
44. OCEANICA (Lesson) Bougainville, Mono, Guadalcanal,
Gehyra vorax Girard. San Cristobal.
45. MUTILATA Wiegm. Buka.
The Great Basin Naturalist
82 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
LEPIDODACTYLUS Fitzingen, Syst.
Rept. p. 98, 1843.
46. LUGUBRIS (Dum. and Bibr.) Guadalcanal.
47. GUPPYI Blgr. Guadalcanal, Faro, Isabel, Whitney.
48. WOODFORDII Blgr. Faro, Guadalcanal
GEKKO Laurenti, Syn. Rept. p. 43,
1768.
49. VITTATUS Houttuyn Guadalcanal, Santa Ana, Bougain-
ville, Ugi, New Georgia.
PSEUDOGEKKO Taylor, Bur. Sci.
Publ. No. 17, p. 103, 1922.
50. SHEBAE Brown and Tanner Guadalcanal.
Family Varanidae
VARANUS Merrem, Tent. Syst.
Amph. p. 58, 1820.
51. INDICUS (Daudin) Guadalcanal.
Tupinambus indicus Daudin
Family Scincidae
CORUCIA Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.
London, p. 217, 1885.
52. ZEBRATA Gray Guadalcanal, Ugi, Santa Ana, Isabel.
TRIBOLONOTUS Dumeril and Bib-
ron, Erp. Gen. V, p. 346,
1839.
53. PONCELETI Kinghorn Solomon Islands.
PEDIPORUS Roux, Verh. Naturf.
Ges. Basel, 41, p. 129,
1930.
54. BLANCHARDI (Burt) Choiseul.
Tribolonotus blanchardi
Burt
55. SCHMIDTI (Burt) Beagle, Guadalcanal, Bougainville.
Tribolonotus schmidti Burt
DASIA Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., II,
p. 331, 1839.
56. SMARAGDINUM PERVIRI- Isabel, New Georgia, Malaita,
DIS Barbour Guadalcanal, Bougainville.
RIOPA Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. II,
p. 332, 1839.
57. ALBOFASCIOLATA (Gunth- Guadalcanal, Faro, Malaita, Ugi,
er) San Cristobal.
Lygosoma striato-fasciatum
Ogilby.
LYGOSOMA Hardwick and Gray,
Zool. Journ. Ill, (10),
p. 228, 1857.
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v
83
Isabel, Guadalcanal.
Kulambangara, Guadalcanal.
Bougainville.
Malaita, Faro, Isabel, Guadalcanal.
San Cristobal, Ugi, Faro.
Guadalcanal, Faro, New Georgia,
Malaita, Tulagi, Isabel.
58. (SPHENOMORPHUS)
CRANEI Schmidt
59. (SPHENOMORPHUS)
BIGNELLI Schmidt
60. ( SPHENOMORPHUS )
TAYLORI Burt
61. (LYGOSOMA)
SOLOMONIS Blgr.
62. (LYGOSOMA)
WOODFORDI Blgr.
63. (LYGOSOMA)
CONCINNATUM Blgr.
Sphenomorphiis concinnatum Blgr.
Lygosoma (Otosaurus) wolfi Sternfeld
64. (LEIOLEPISMA) ANOLIS Guadalcanal, Santa Ana, Shortland,
(Blgr.) Santa Cruz, Malaita, San Cristobal,
Lipinia anolis Blgr. Ugi, Treasury.
Lygosoma anolis Blgr.
Leiolepisma anolis Blgr.
65. (LEIOLEPISMA) NOCTUA Guadalcanal, New Georgia.
Lesson
EMOIA Gray, Cat. Lizards Coll.
Brit. Mus., p. 95, 1845.
66. CYANOGASTER (Lesson)
Scincus cyanogaster Les-
son
Lygosoma cyanogaster
Blgr.
67. CYANURA (Lesson)
Guadalcanal, San Cristobal, Santa
Ana, Ugi, Isabel, Buki.
68. NIGRUM Hombrom and
Jacquinot
Eumeces niger H. and J.
Lygosoma nigrum Blgr.
69. MANNI Brown San Cristobal.
70. WHITNEYI Burt Shortland.
71. FLAVIGULARIS Schmidt Isabel.
72. WERNERI (Vogt) Kulambangara.
Lygosoma Cyanurum Vogt
Lygosoma Werneri
Triviale Schuz
73. SANFORDI Schmidt Fauro.
Guadalcanal, Ugi, San Cristobal,
Malaita.
Guadalcanal, New Georgia, Ugi,
San Cristobal.
LITERATURE CITED
Barbour, Thomas
1912. A Contribution to the Zoogeography of the East Indian
Islands. Mem. Mus. of Comp. Zool. Vol. 44, pp. 1-203,
pis. 1-8.
1921. Reptiles and Amphibians From the British Solomon Is-
lands. Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club. VII, pp. 91-112.
The Great Basin Naturalist
84 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Boulenger, G. A.
1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia, Salientia, Ecaudata in the
British Museum. Second Edition.
1885. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum. Vol. II,
Second Edition.
1886. On the Reptiles and Batrachians of the Solomon Islands.
Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. XII, pp. 35-62.
Brown, Walter C.
1948. A New Lizard of the Genus Emoia From the Solomon
Islands. Herpetological, Vol. 4, pp. 159-160.
1949. A New Frog of the Genus Platymantis From the Solomon
Islands. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 1387, pp. 1-4.
Brown, Walter C. and Myers, Geo. S.
1949. A New Frog of the Genus Cornufer from the Solomon
Islands, with Notes On the Endemic Nature of the Fijian
Frog Fauna. Am. Mus. Novit. No. 1418, pp. 1-10.
Brown, Walter C. and Tanner, Vasco M.
1949. Rediscovery of the Genus Pseudogekko with Description
of a New Species From the Solomon Islands. Great Ba-
sin Nat. Vol. IX, pp. 41-45.
Burt, Chalres E.
1930. Herpetological Results of the Whitney South Sea Expe-
ditions. IV, Description Of New Species of Lizards From
the Pacific Islands (Scincidae). Am. Mus. Novit., No.
427, pp. 1-3.
Burt, Charles and May D.
1932. Herpetological Results of the Whitney South Sea Expe-
dition. IV Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Vol. 63, pp. 461-
597.
De Rooij, N.
1915. The Reptiles of the Indo- Australian Archipelago, Vol. I.
1917. The Reptiles of the Indo- Australian Archipelago. Vol. II.
Kinghorn, J. R.
1928. ITerpetology of the Solomon Islands. Records Australian
Dec. 29, 1951 pacific islands herpetology, no. v 85
Mus. Vol. XVI (3). pp. 123-178. (One of the most use-
ful publications on the Herpetology of the Solomon Is-
lands).
1929. Herpetological Notes, No. 2. Records Australian Mus.
Vol. XVIII, p. 86.
1937. A New Species of Scink from the Solomon Islands. Re-
cords Australian Mus. Vol. XX, pp. 1-2, pi.
Lever, J. A. W.
1945. The Giant Toad in the Solomon Islands (Bufo marinus).
Agri. J. Fiji, Vol. 16, 3, p. 1.
Loveridge, Arthur
1948. New Guinean Reptiles and Amphibians in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology and United States National
Museum. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, Vol.
101 (2), pp. 305-430.
Parker, H. W.
1939. Reptiles and Amphibians From Bougainville, Solomon Is-
lands. Bull. Mus. Roy d'hist. Nat. de Belgique. Vol. XV,
(60) pp. 1-5.
Pendleton, Robert C.
1949. The Rain Shadow Effect on the Plant Formations of
Guadalcanal. Ecol. Monographs. Vol. 19, pp. 75-93.
Peters, James A.
1948. A New Snake of the Genus Typhlops from the Solomon
Islands. Occas. Papers, of the Mus. of Zool. Univ. of
Michigan No. 508, pp. 1-6.
Roux, Jean
1930. Note sur un Reptile scincide, des Solomon presentand des
pores pediaus. Verhandl, d. Naturf. Ges. Basel, XLI, pp.
129-135. PI. III.
1934. Contribution A La Connaissance de la Faune Erpeloto-
gique des lies Salomon. Verhanalugen der Naturforsch-
enden Gesellschoft in Basel, Vol. XLX.
Robson, R. W.
1945. The Pacific Islands Handbook, 1944.
The Great Basin Naturalist
86 VASCO M. TANNER Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Schmidt, Karl P.
1932. Reptiles and Amphibians From the Solomon Islands.
Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Series, Vol. XVIII (9) pp
175-190.
Slevin Jos. R.
1934. The Templeton Crocker Expedition to Western Poly-
nesian and Melanesian Islands, 1933. No. 15. Notes
on Reptiles and Amphibians with the description of a
new species of Sea Snake. Proc. Calif. Acad. .Sci. (4)
Vol. 21, pp. 183-188.
Sternfeld, Robert
1921. Zur Tiergeographie Papuasiens und der pazifischen In-
selwelt. Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Vol. 36, pp.
373-436, pi. XXXI.
Tanner, Vasco M.
1948. Pacific Islands Herpetology No. I., Mariana Islands, A
New Species of Typhlops. Great Basin Nat. Vol. IX, pp.
1-20. Figs. 1-6.
Van Kampen, P. N.
1923. The Amphibia of the Indo- Australian Archipelago, Lei-
den.
Waite, E. R.
1905. An Addition to the Lacertilian Fauna of the Solomon
Islands. Rec. Australian Mus. Vol. VI, pp. 13-16.
1918. Description of a Blind Snake from the Solomon Islands.
Rec. South Australian Mus., I, pp. 35-38.
NEW COUNTY RECORDS OF SALIENTIA AND
A SUMMARY OF KNOWN DISTRIBUTION OF CAUDATA
IN OKLAHOMA
ARTHUR N. BRAGG1 AND W. F. HUDSON
For several years one of us has traveled over eastern Oklahoma
with the purpose of surveying the amphibian fauna. During the
spring of 1951, the other took several trips to parts of this region
as well as to portions of western and southwestern Oklahoma with
the object of filling gaps in the records of the earlier work. We here
pool our collections which seem to represent new county records of
Salientia and take the opportunity to summarize the known county
distribution of Caudata whether based on new records or not. We
do this to get the many scattered records in the literature all in
one place.
SALIENTIA
1. Bufo cognatus Say. Taken in Roger Mills, Pontotoc, and Johnston
Counties. In the last two, it has been expected in "prairie islands"
for some time but these specimens are the first reported from
either.
2. B terrestris charlesmithi Bragg2. Washington County (adults ta-
taken); heard calling in Noble County.
3. Microhyla carolinensis olivacea Hallowell. Adults collected in Jack-
son, Johnson, and Stephens Counties, each confirming a former
calling record.3 Also heard calling in Cotton County.
4. Pseudacris clarki Baird. Taken in Stephens County, confirming a
calling record; heard calling in Grady and Cotton Counties.
5. Ps streckeri Wright and Wright. Stephens County.
6. Ps. triseriata (Wied). Stephens County: these are the first adults
taken so far west in Oklahoma.
7. Rana brachycephala Cope. Adults from Stephens County confirm
earlier sight and calling records.
8. Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Adults taken in Jefferson County confirm-
ing sight records and in Choctaw County.
9. Rana clamitans Latr. Choctaw County.
10. Spea bombifrons Cope.
Adults taken in Stephens and Noble Counties, tadpoles in Jefferson
County.
CAUDATA
1. Ambystoma annulatum Cope. Adair County.
1 Supported by the Dept. of Zool., the Oklahoma Biol. Surv. and the University Museum,
University of Oklahoma, Norman.
2 This toad is the one reported formerly as B. t. americanus Holb. In a separate paper
it is being described under the above name.
3 For one of these we thank Mr. Louis Bouchard who collected a single specimen.
87
The Great Basin Naturalist
88 A. N. BRAGG AND W. F. HUDSON Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
2. A. maculatum Shaw. Cherokee, Choctaw, Delaware, La Flore, Mc-
Curtain and Pushmataha counties certainly have local populations.
It is considered probable in many other counties of the state.
3. A. opocum (Gravenh.) This species is very common in low, heavily
wooded areas, especially near streams at least in Choctaw, Lati-
mer, Mc Curtain and Pushmataha counties.
4. A. talpiodium (Holb.) Reported in Latimer and McCurtain counties
but we have not personally collected it in Oklahoma.
5. A. texanum Matthes. This salamander is very abundant from east
central Oklahoma eastward. It is known specifically from the fol-
lowing counties, mostly from our own collections; Adair, Choctaw,
Cleveland, Cherokee, Atoka, Cotton, Craig, Haskell, Osage, Pawnee,
Payne, Pottawatomie, Okfuskee, Hughes, Tulsa, Rogers, Mayes,
Wagoner, Muskogee, Sequoyah, Mc Intosh, Pittsburg, Le Flore,
Pushmatha and Mc Curtain.
6. A', tigrinum morvortium Baird. This is the only salamander known
on the western plains of Oklahoma. It is very abundant over the
western half of the state where it breeds in ditches, tanks, and
playas during spring and summer rains. Larvae often metamor-
phose in July following a spring breeding period but in some places
some of the larvae are neotenic. In the gypsum hill country of
western Oklahoma, the larvae are often light cream colored with
a black-fringed tail and golden gill bars. In central Oklahoma they
are more often a mottled green and quite dark. In the same gypsum
waters, tadpoles of spadefoots (Spea bombifrons and S. ham-
mondii) show a similar variation in color. It has not been fully
established as to why the color is so consistantly light in some
waters. The presence of gypsum is a suspected cause but may be
only coincidental.
The subspecies is known in the following counties: Cimarron,
Texas, Beaver, Harper, Woodward, Ellis, Roger Mills, Custer,
Beckham, Greer, Harmond, Kiowa, Tillman, Caddo, Commanche,
Cotton, Stephens, Murray, Cleveland, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie,
Kay, and Osage.
7. A. tigrinum tigrinum Green.
Even though supposedly present throughout eastern Oklahoma
(Bishop, 1943), only one specimen is known to us from Oklahoma.
This was taken in a forest of southern pine just south of Tom,
Mc Curtain county in the very northern edge of the Austroriparian
life zone of Blair (1950).
8. Amphiuma means tridactylum Cuvier. Known in Mc Curtain coun-
ty, at present from a single specimen only, recently reported. For
several years, stories of local residents have indicated that it is
quite common from Broken Bow southward.
9. Desmognathus fuscus brimleyorum Stej. Known in the Le Flore,
Pushmataha, and Mc Curtain counties along rocky streams in hilly
country.
10. Eurycea griseogaster Moore and Hughes. Locally abundant about
small streams and intermittant springs in Adair, Cherokee, Dela-
ware, and Sequoyah counties. In two regions, local areas have
been watched through the months of February through July in an
attempt to learn something of the breeding activities. Young larvae
have been found from February through June and older ones from
mid June into early July. From this it seems likely that individuals
differ in their time of breeding and that most eggs are laid in fall
or early winter. Eggs have never been found. A pecularity of the
very young larvae is their habit of lying on ledges over which
water one to four inches in depth flows slowly and, when disturbed,
DOC. 29, 1951 NEW COUNTY RECORDS OF SALIENTIA
89
darting quickly into cracks or under gravel. They have been seen
lying in the open many times during both daylight and darkness.
11. Eun/cea longieauda tntUiuophira (Cope) Common in cave mouths
and about springs in Le Flore, Adair, Cherokee, Mayes, Delaware,
and Ottawa counties.
12. E. multiplicata (Cope) this species is very abundant locally along
many tiny streams, especially if cool water is running over lime-
stone rocks in Adair, Cherokee, Delaware, Choctaw, Le Flore, Push-
mataha, Latimer, and Mc Curtain counties. Occasionally local
variations in this species occur which are quite puzzling since some
individuals closely approach E. griseogaster in appearance. Very
dark individuals also sometimes occur.
13. E. tynerensis Moore and Hughes. Known now from Mayes and
Cherokee counties as well as from the type locally in Tyner Creek,
Adair county. It is sometimes abundant in pools and in the gravel
at the lower ends of ripples in Tyner Creek, but at other times a
thorough search has failed to reveal it.
14. Necturus maculosus maculosus (Raf.) Only a few specimens of this
form have actually be collected in Oklahoma although it has long
been known to occus in northeastern counties. A specimen from the
Deep Fork River, Creek county, was recently taken by Mr. Jack
Adair. Earlier records are from Tulsa, Rogers, Nowata, Delaware,
Mayes, Cherokee, Adair, Haskell, and Latimer counties. It occurs
in Grand Lake and, therefore, presumably in Grand River which
was dammed to form it and is known as the Illinois river, both in
Oklahoma and Arkansas.
15. Plethodon cinereus anausticlavius Grobman. A few specimens
have been taken in Sequoyah, Adair, and Cherokee counties. None
are known south of the Arkansas river where it is presumably
replaced by P. c. serratus (q.v.)
16. Plethodon c. serratus Grobman. As mentioned above, this form is
generally supposed to replace P. c. anausticlavius in the Ouachita
Mts. south of the Arkansas River. It has long been known in Le
Flore and Mc Curtain counties. We have recently taken a typical
specimen in the Ozark Hills of Cherokee county, well north of the
Arkansas, which fact does not fit with the theoretical expectation.
17. Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus (Green). Abundant in Adair, Chero-
kee, Delaware, Ottawa, Le Flore, Mc Curtain, and Sequoyah coun-
ties. It seems to prefer valleys along streams where it hides be-
neath leaves, rocks, logs, etc. We have found it locally only in
densely wooded areas. Some years ago, individuals were very abun-
dant in the woods of the valley floor above Little River (Mc Curtain
county) in May and June, very near the river. At another time
in February and March two experienced collectors failed to find a
single specimen here; but the animals were found on the steep sides
of the valley, well above the river. Subsequent observations suggest
that this salamander has a seasonal movement here upward away
from the river in winter and early spring, downward toward the
river in the hotter and drier later spring and summer. We have
not observed them here in late summer, autumn or early winter.
18. Plethodon ouaehitae D. and H. Certain only in Le Flore county near
the Arkansas line. Dundee (1947) reported it from Mc Curtain coun-
ty but Pope and Pope (1951) declare Dundee's specimen to represent
an undescribed form.
19. Siren intermedia nettingi Goin. Known from Mc Curtain and
Pushmataha counties.
20. Diemictylus viridescens louisanensis (Walterst.) Common locally
in Mayes, Wagner, Cherokee, Adair, Le Flore, and Mc Curtain coun-
The Great Basin Naturalist
90 A. N. BRAGG AND W. F. HUDSON Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
ties; very recently reported from Tulsa county. Eggs and hatching
larvae have been collected in May and breeding adults have been
taken in April, May, and June. This suggests a breeding season of
several months. Since several females have been found while
clasped by males (usually by one, sometimes by two at once) it
seems likely the breeding pattern is similar to that of the eastern
form (Bishop, 1943).
21. Typhotriton nereus Bishop. Larvae are very abundant in spring-
runs and gravelly streams in Ottawa, Mayes, Delaware, and Adair
counties. Very large larviform individuals which are sometimes
found suggest, but do not prove, neotemy.
22. T. spelaeus Stej. Larvae are abundant in springs and in streams
issuing from caves in Ottawa, Mayes, Cherokee, and Adair counties.
Adults had never been taken in Oklahoma prior to 1951, although
we have visited caves several times in search of them. Blair (1951)
has just reported adults from a cave habitat in Delaware county.
LITERATURE CITED
Bishop, Sherman C. 1943. Handbook of Salamanders; Comstock
Publ. Co., Ithica, New York.
Blair, A. P. 1951. Note on Oklahoma Salamanders. Copeia 1951 (2);
178.
Dundee, Harold A. 1947. Notes on Salamanders collected in Okla-
homa. Copeia 1947 (2): 117-120.
Pope, Clifford and Sarah Pope, 1951. A study of the salamander,
Plethodon ouachitae and the description of an allied form. Bull.
Chicago Acad. Sci. 9:129-152.
TWO NEW ANTS FROM WESTERN NEVADA
(Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
MARION R. SMITH
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
Agricultural Research Administration
United States Department of Agriculture
Since the ant fauna of Nevada is virtually unknown the two
new species described herein are of more than ordinary interest.
Both were sent me by Dr. Ira La Rivers of the University of Nevada
who collected them in the general region of Pyramid Lake, Washoe
County, Nevada. One is a very distinct form of honey ant (Myrme-
cocystus) which I have named pyramicus because of the pyramid-
like structure of the epinotum. The other is a harvesting ant (Ver-
omessor) which, though related to pergandei (Mayr), is definitely
different. This new form has been named lariversi in honor of its
collector. Illustrations of Myrmecocystus pyramicus are included.
MYRMECOCYSTUS PYRAMICUS SMITH, new species
(Figs. 1, 2, 3,)
Worker — Length 4.8 mm.
Mandible 8-toothed, the largest of the teeth being the first,
second, fourth, sixth and last. Compound eye as in the mexicanus
group: Large, protuberant, and with many facets, placed very close
to the posterior corner of the head, its greatest diameter approxi-
mately one and one-half times the length of the first funicular seg-
ment. Ocelli extremely small. In profile, the pronotum and much
of the mesonotum rather evenly and strongly convex, the posterior
fourth to the posterior third of the mesonotum distinctly impressed;
base of epinotum sharply ascending from meso-epinotal suture to
meet the flat, declivous surface of the epinotum in a rather broad,
bluntly rounded angle or "pyramid-like" structure; declivous sur-
face approximately twice the length of the basal surface. In profile,
the petiole high (higher than the epinotal spiracle), with a weakly
convex anterior surface and a flat posterior surface, the two surfaces
meeting above to form a strongly compressed (anteroposteriorly),
sharp superior border; viewed posteriorly the petiole with dorsally
converging sides and the superior border with a distinct emargina-
tion.
Dorsal and anterior surface of head and mandibles bearing a
number of long, erect hairs, those on the anterior border of the cly-
peus unusually long. Lower surface of head with ammochaetae and
91
92
MARION R. SMITH
The Great Basin Naturalist
Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
lower surface of mandible with long hairs. Thorax almost destitute
of erect hairs except for a small number (usually about six) on the
pronotum and a smaller number on the mesonotum. Petiole also
practically devoid of hairs, occasionally an erect hair or two on the
superior border. Coxa with erect hairs; erect hairs also on the flexor
surfaces of the femur, tibia and tarsus. Posterior border of each of
the gastric segments with a row of hairs; also a number of short,
sparse, erect hairs elsewhere on the gastric segments; apex and
ventral surface of gaster with longer and more numerous hairs. Pu-
bescence sparse, fine, closely appressed, not obscuring the ground
surface, thickest and most apparent of the gaster.
Body usually subopaque in general appearance, but in some
lights certain parts are shining, this being especially true of the
dorsal surface of the head. Color a sordid light or yellowish brown
with the thorax and antennae lighter than the head and gaster.
(Figs. 1, 2, 3)
Myrmecocystus pyramicus, new species. Fig. 1. Profile of worker.
Fig. 2. Posterior view of petiole. Fig. 3. Anterior view of head.
(Illustrations by Miss Addie Egbert.)
Dec. 29, 1951 two new ants from western Nevada 93
Type locality: Nevada Dominion Mine, Pymarid Mining
District, five miles west of Mullen Gap (Pyramid Lake), north end
of Pah Rah Mountains (Nevada Highway 33), Washoe County,
Nevada. The ants were collected by Ira La Rivers on April 7, 1951,
from a colony in a small, open mound nest in a sand clearing of
Artemisia tridentata, where the females and males were beginning
to swarm near sundown.
Described from a holotype and 37 para type workers. The holo-
type and 25 para type workers have been placed in the collection of
the United States National Museum under U. S. N. M. No. 61265.
The remaining paratypes are in the collection of Dr. La Rivers. The
five male and ten females have not been described as they do not
offer good characters for recognition.
The paratypes vary especially in size, pilosity, and extent of the
development of the "pyramid-like" structure of the epinotum. The
range in size of this form cannot yet be positively stated on the basis
of the few specimens examined. It is thought, however, to approach
that of navajo Whir., the major worker of which is almost 5 mm.
in length. The range in length of my pyramicus series is approxi-
mately 3 to 5 mm. The pilosity of the thorax and petiole may vary
from almost no erect hairs to a few as stated in the above description.
This new form belongs to the mexicanus complex as evidenced
by the large eyes and their placement, by the small ocelli, and by
the light to yellowish brown color of the body. In Creighton's 1950
publication, Ants of North America (Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp.
Zool. Bui. 104:441) this ant keys to couplet four which includes
navajo and mojave. Specimens have been carefully compared with
cotypes of both these forms. From navajo, to which it is apparently
most closely related, pyramicus can be distinguished by the dentition
of the mandibles, pilosity of the body, and the shape of the epinotum
and petiole. M. pyramicus has eight instead of nine teeth on the
mandibles, and a pyramidshaped instead of a convex epinotum. The
scape is free of erect hairs and the thorax and petiole are also either
free of erect hairs or only have a very few, whereas in navajo there
are numerous erect hairs on both the scape and thorax. The petiole
of pyramicus is strongly compressed anteroposteriorly and the su-
perior border is sharp and usually has a distinct emargination.
Navajo has a rather thick petiole (anteroposteriorly) and the su-
perior border is thick and blunt. M. pyramicus seems to be one of
the most easily recognized forms of this genus in North America.
The Great Basin Naturalist
94 MARION R. SMITH Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
The shape of the epinotum readily distinguishes it from any other
form, but to supplement this there are other good characters, such as
color, pilosity, dentition of the mandibles, size and placement of the
eyes, and shape of the petiole.
Apparently pyramicus is a nocturnal ant which lives in very
arid regions. Its food is most likely honeydew and the flesh of small
arthropods. No repletes are yet known.
VEROMESSOR LARIVERSI SMITH, new species
Worker — Length 5 mm.
Head, exclusive of the mandibles, subrectangular, with a weakly
convex, almost straight posterior border. Antenna 12-segmented;
scape slender, curved at base, enlarged apically, the apex clearly
surpassing the posterior border of the head; base of the scape lacking
a lobe or other enlargement as in some species of Veromessor; funic-
ulus enlarged apically but not forming a clearly-defined club. Eye
large, convex, strongly protuberant, placed approximately its great-
est diameter from the base of the mandible, without the sharp antero-
ventral angle of pergandei. Clypeus convex, lacking the median
tooth on the anterior border as in pergandei. Mandible large, sub-
triangular, with two large apical and five or six somewhat less dis-
tinct teeth. Thorax, in profile, with a strongly convex promesonotum.
Approximately the posterior half of the mesonotum with a distinct
impression which is clearly longer than deep. Meso-epinotal con-
striction well defined. Epinotal spine subtriangular, short, acutely
pointed, much less than half the length of the basal surface of the
epinotum. Legs rather long and slender, without noticeably incras-
sated femora and tibiae. The distinctly concave anterior surface of
the petiolar node meeting the posterior surface of the node in a blunt-
ly rounded angle; antero- ventral surface of the petiole with a very
poorly defined, vestigial tooth. Petiole viewed anteriorly somewhat
violin-shaped. Postpetiole, from above, subcampanulate, broadest
posteriorly. Gaster, viewed dorsally, oval, without apparent humeral
angles.
Frontal region of head with fine, longitudinal striae or rugulae.
Cheeks with coarse, longitudinal rugulae, those around the antennal
foveae more or less concentric. Remainder of head with an obscure,
delicate shagreening. Punctures on head sparser and less visible
than in pergandei. Pronotum with transverse rugulae in addition
to the shagreening. Mesopleuron and side of epinotum rugulose-
Dec. 29, 1951 two new ants from western Nevada 95
punctate. Petiole and postpetiole delicately shagreened.
Ventral surface of each side of head and also ventral side of
each mandible with remarkably long ammochaetae as in pergandei.
Anterior border of clypeus with a row of long, curved hairs. Dorsal
surface of body with rather numerous, erect, yellowish hairs of
variable length, many of these unusually long. Hairs on antennal
scape short, somewhat appressed.
Head, thorax, petiole and postpetiole brown, gaster darker; eyes
and mandibular teeth black.
Type locality: Nevada Dominion Mine, Pyramid Mining
District, Mullen Gap (five miles west of Pyramid Lake), Washoe
County, Nevada, May 8, 1951, nesting in sand, Ira La Rivers.
Described from a holotype and 38 paratype workers. The holo-
type and 25 paratypes have been placed in the collection of the
United States National Museum under U. S. N. M. No. 65266. The
remaining paratypes have been returned to Dr. La Rivers.
Paratypes vary in size and color. The range in length is from
3.8 to 5.2 mm. The color of some specimens, especially of the small-
est workers (which may be callows), is light brown. A small infus-
cated spot is present on the vertex of some individuals and absent
on the vertex of others.
This new form has been carefully compared with types of all
other North American Veromessor. In the Wheeler and Creighton
key to Veromessor (1934, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. 69:361)
it keys to couplet three and in Creighton's North American Ants
(I.e., page 158) it keys to couplet two. In each case the couplet in-
cludes the same forms, pergandei and stoddardi. V. lariversi is more
closely related to pergandei than to any other of our Veromessor. It
differs especially from that species in the more convex and protuber-
ant eye (which lacks the distinct antero-ventral angle of pergandei),
the absence of a tooth-like process on the middle of the anterior bor-
der of the clypeus, the longer and more slender antennal scape (the
scape of pergandei fails to attain the posterior border of the head in
some individuals and does not surpass it in others), the coarser sculp-
ture, differenl color I piceous brown to jet black in pergandei and
the longer and more slender, subcampanulate postpetiole.
Although little is known about the biology of lariversi it is as-
sumed that because of close resemblance of the species to pergandei,
The Great Basin Naturalist
96 MARION R. SMITH Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
this new form will also be found capable of living in very arid areas
of high temperature. No doubt, it too feeds largely on seeds. Besides
lariversi, andrei (Mayr) is the only other Veromessor that has been
reported from Nevada.
THE CERAMBYCOID SEMI-AQUATIC COLEOPTERA
OF THE NEVADA AREA
IRA LA RIVERS
Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno.
The following pages constitute the fifth in a series dealing with
the aquatic and semi-aquatic Coleoptera of Nevada and its immedi-
ate environs1. The group to be here considered is a small, relatively
little known segment of a large, familiar family — the most pressing
need at the present is for more penetrating investigation of the life-
histories of these semi-aquatic aberrants of the family, and it is
hoped that this resume of the species known or expected for the
Nevada area will call some small attention to the problem.
CERAMBYCOIDEA
Chrysomelidae
A small number of species of this large, herbivorous family are
intimately associated with aquatic plants, either boring into stems
and roots below water, or feeding on exposed or submerged leaves.
Host plants are such common and wide-spread species as pickerel
weed (Pontedaria cordata), pondweed (Potamogeton spp.). pondlily
(Nymphaea spp. — Nuphar spp.), bur-reed (Sparganium spp.), ar-
rowhead (Sagittaria spp.), duckweed (Lemna spp.), bulrushes
(Scirpus spp.), cat-tails (Typha spp.) and various sedges.
The larvae obtain oxygen by digging into the plant tissues un-
derwater and freeing intercellular oxygen. When ready to pupate,
they spin tough, water-and-air-tight cocoons, attached to the roots
of underwater stems, and obtain needed oxygen by special structures
which tap the plant surfaces to which the cocoons are attached.
Adults of those species laying their eggs underwater are heavily
provided with hydrofuge hairs, allowing the insects to take an ade-
quate supply of air for their work beneath the surface of the water.
Keys to the semi-aquatic genera of Chrysomelidae occuring in
the Nevada area.
i(A) — 1950. The Dryopoidea known or expected to occur in the Nevada area (Coleop-
tera). Wasmann Jour. Biol. 8(1):97-111.
(B) — 1950 (1949). Hydradephagous Coleoptera of the Nevada area, exclusive of the
Dytiscidae. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 48(3) :129-140.
(C) — 1950. The Staphylinoid and Dascilloid aquatic Coleoptera of the Nevada area.
Great Basin Nat. 10(1-4) :66-70.
(D) — 1951. Nevada Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Amer. Midi. Nat. 45(2):392-406.
97
The Great Basin Naturalist
98 ira la rivers Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
(MacGillivray 1903)
ADULTS
1. Prothorax with a distinct thin lateral margin (Galerucinae)
(Galerucella)
Prothorax without a thin lateral margin (Donaciinae) 2
2. Tarsi dilated, spongy beneath; fifth tarsal segment subequal
to, or shorter than, the second and third segments together
DONACIA
Tarsi not dilated — narrow, glabrous; the fifth tarsal seg-
ment distinctly longer than the second and third together
(Haemonia)
LARVAE
1. Dorsum of eighth abdominal segment without a pair of
long spines; abdominal prolegs present (Galerucinae)
(Galerucella)
Dorsum of eighth abdominal segment with a pair of pointed
spines; abdominal prolegs wanting (Donaciinae) 2
2. Sixth and seventh abdominal tergites each with a double
row of setae of the same length as those found on the other
tergites; the supraspiracular setae always present .. DONACIA
— Sixth and seventh abdominal tergites each with a double
row of setae, most of which are twice as long as those on
the other tergites; the supraspiracular setae wanting ....
(Haemonia)
Galerucinae
(Galerucella Crotch, 1873)
G. nymphaeae (Linne) 1758 is the only aquatic member known
to me, breeding on Nymphaea advena and is holarctic in distribution.
The larvae feed on the leaf epidermis.
Donaciinae
DONACIA Fabricius, 1775
Our species may be distinguished by Schaeffer's 1925 key; with
modifications by Mead (1938):
1. Elytral sutural margin sinuate near apex; ocular orbits
absent; first ventral segment of abdomen generally about
as long as the three succeeding segments (Subgenus
Plateumaris) 2
Elytral sutural margin straight to apex; ocular orbits dis-
tinct; first ventral abdominal segment about as long or
slightly longer than the four succeeding segments (Sub-
genus Donacia) 7
2. Hindfemora uniformly metallic with a moderate-to-large
tooth (emarginata Kirby, 1837)
Hindfemora bicolored or entirely red, tooth variable in size .... 3
3. Hindfemoral tooth moderate-to-large in size germari
■ Hindfemoral tooth very small or absent 4
4. Prosternal sidepieces finely rugose, at least in anterior half,
posteriorly more-or-less distinctly finely strigate-rugose ....
pusilla pyritosa
Dec. 29, 1951 cerambycoid semi-aquatic coleoptria 99
Prosternal sidepieces relatively coarsely strigate, at least
posteriorly, anteriorly often strigate-rugose but then never
finely so 5
5. Elytra lacking transverse, coarse rugae, intervals vermicu-
late-rugose (prothorax finely rugulose with moderately
large punctures) (vermiculata Schaeffer, 1925)
— Elytra with more-or-less distinct coarse rugae, intervals
punctate, not vermiculate-rugose 6
6. Prothorax appearing longer than usual, very finely rugose
or strigate-rugose, with or without moderately large punc-
tures; lateral tubercle rather elongate; antennal segments
4-11 elongate (longicoUis Schaeffer, 1925)
— Prothorax as usual, rather short and less finely strigate-
rugose, with large-to-small punctures; lateral tubercles not
elongate; antennal segments shorter and nearly as in pusilla
(= rather stout, segments 2-3 small, equal or subequal,
terminal segments stouter) fdubia Schaeffer, 1925)
7. Terminal abdominal segment truncate with a more-or-less
deep impression at middle of apex (males) 8
—Terminal abdominal segment triangular and generally nar-
rowly rounded at apex, without median depression (females).. 18
8. Hindtibiae at apex internally produced into a short, but
distinct tooth (posterior femora with a large, somewhat
compressed triangular tooth and a more-or-less distinct
denticle in front of the tooth) (piscatrix Lacordaire, 1845)
Hindtibiae not produced apically into a tooth 9
9. Hindfemora long, extending to or beyond elytral apices 10
Hindfemora decidedly shorter, never extending to elytral
apices 12
10. Hindfemora not extending beyond elytral apices; posterior
tooth rather long, acute, behind which is a serrate oblique
ridge, the latter often reduced to a few denticles in small
specimens; outer apical elytral angles obliterated, broadly
rounded ;anterior transverse impression of prothorax gener-
ally distinct : (proximo.) .. 11
Hindfemora extending well beyond elytral apices, armature
as in proximo,; outer apical angles of elytra distinct, though
more-or-less narrowly rounded; anterior transverse impres-
sion of prothorax usually absent .... (cincticornis Newman, 1838)
11. Dorsum metallic blue, strial punctuation moderately coarse,
punctures often greenish, median basal triangulate excava-
tion usually indistinct (proximo proximo Kirby, 1837)
Dorsum metallic green and/or cupreous, strial punctuation
coarse, basal triangulate excavation deep
(proximo californica Le Conte, 1861)
12. Hindfemora bearing two teeth, the inner occasionally very
small, tubercle-like (pubescens Le Conte, 1867)
Hindfemora with only one tooth 13
13. Prothorax finely and densely punctate and pubescent;
elytra without fine elevated sutural beed JtirticoUis
Prothorax not pubescent, punctuation variable; elytra with
distinct, elevated sutural beed 14
14. Head deeply narrowed behind; eyes small, not prominent;
prothorax with impressed median line and moderately dis-
tinct lateral tubercles; elytra without coarse, transverse
rugae, intervals relatively finely rugose from base-to-apex;
last dorsal abdominal segment of both sexes generally
The Great Basin Naturalist
l'K) IRA LA RIVERS Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
emarginate at middle of apex (distincta) .. 15
Head slightly narrowed behind; eyes moderately large,
prominent; prothorax with or without impressed median
line and lateral tubercles; elytra with more-or-less distinct
coarse, transverse rugae, intervals often densely rugose
from base-to-apex or smooth and feeble rugose in about
basal half but more densely rugose towards apex; last dor-
sal abdominal segment of both sexes not or rarely feebly
emarginate 16
15. Hindfemur clavate with a moderately large and acute
tooth, apical third of elytra depressed
(distincta distincta Le Conte, 1850)
Hindfemur less clavate with a very small obscure tooth,
apical third of elytra curved ventrad
(distincta occidentalis Mead, 1938)
16. Form more convex and subparallel; elytra, viewed laterad,
arcuately declivous towards apex; prothorax scarcely con-
verging behind, lateral tubercles more-or-less distinct and
median line always present; antennae generally stouter ....
(tuberculifrons Schaeffer, 1919)
Form elongate; elytra subtriangular and, viewed laterad,
flattened toward apen; prothoracic sides distinctly converg-
ing behind, lateral tubercles indistinct; median line rarely
present; antennae more slender (subtilis) .. 17
17. Abundant coarse transverse rugae on elytra; antennae slen-
der; hindfemora clavate (subtilis subtilis Kunze, 1818)
Fine and dense strigate-rugous sculpturing on elytra, coarse
transverse rugae sparse; antennae stouter; hindfemora less
clavate (subtilis magistrigata Mead, 1938)
18. Hindfemora unarmed below 19
Hindfemora armed below with one or more teeth or tuber-
cles 20
19. Elytra pubescent (pubescens Le Conte, 1867)
Elytra glabrous hirticollis
20. Hindfemora armed below with one tooth and behind this
an oblique serrate ridge (seen more plainly from an in-
ternal view), which latter is often reduced to one or more
denticles 21
Hindfemora below with one tooth but without an oblique
ridge of denticles behind 23
21. Outer elytral apical angle distinct, but feebly rounded; an-
terior transverse impression of prothorax usually absent
( ' cincticornis Newman, 1838)
Outer elytral apical angle not distinct, broadly rounded;
anterior transverse impression of prothorax usually distinct
(proximal .. 22
22. Dorsum metallic blue, strial punctuation moderately coarse,
punctures often greenish, median basal triangulate excava-
tion usually indistinct (proximo, proximo Kirby, 1837)
Dorsum metallic green and/or cupreous, strial punctuation
coarse, basal triangulate excavation deep
(proximo californica Le Conte, 1861)
23. Hindfemora bicolored or entirely rufous
(piscatrix Lacordaire, 1845)
Hindfemora uniformly metallic 24
24. Form rather broad; head distinctly narrowed behind eyes,
which are slightly smaller than in subtilis, but appear to be
Dec. 29, 1951 cerambycoid semi-aquatic coleoptria 101
more protruding; elytra without transverse, coarse rugae,
intervals generally evenly and finely rugose from base-to-
apex, laterally mostly with a rather broad, longitudinal,
shallow impression; last dorsal abdominal segment emer-
ginate at apex (distincta) .. 25
Form narrower and more elongate; head relatively feebly
narrowed behind eyes which are moderately large and mod-
erately prominent; elytra generally with more-or-less dis-
tinct transverse, coarse rugae, intervals moderately finely
to moderately coarsely rugose from base-to-apex, at apex
generally finer and denser, disc occasionally in about basal
half or less smooth and shining, at sides and near apex
more-or-less densely rugose 26
25. Hindfemur clavate with a moderately large and acute
tooth, apical third of elytra depressed
(distincta distincta Le Conte, 1850)
Hindfemur less clavate with a very small obscure tooth,
apical third of elytra curved ventrad
(distincta occidentalis Mead, 1938)
26. Elytra shorter, more convex and parallel, when viewed lat-
erad more-or-less distinctly arcuately declivous near apex;
prothorax scarcely narrowing behind ; median impressed line
always distinct; lateral tubercules distinct, though not
prominent (tuberculifrons Schaeffer, 1919)
— Elytra more elongate, subtriangular, depressed and when
viewed laterad flattened above near apex; prothorax dis-
tinctly narrowing from base-to-apex; median impressed
line rarely present; lateral tubercles feeble and scarcely
distinct, or absent (subtilis) .. 27
27. Abundant coarse transverse rugae on elytra; antennae slen-
der; hindfemora clavate (subtilis subtilis Kunze, 1818)
— Fine and dense strigate-rugose sculpturing on elytra, coarse
transverse rugae sparse; antennae stouter; hindfemora less
clavate (subtilis magistrigata Mead, 1938)
D. Germari Mannerheim 1843. Schaeffer (1925) gives the
following record: "Nevada: 'Nev.' (Knab coll.)." The species is
nationwide, and in other localities has been recorded from Caltha
palustris (marsh marigold).
D. Pusilla Pyritosa Le Conte 1857. Again from Schaeffer
(1925): "Nevada: 'Nev.' (Minn. Univ.)." The typical subspecies
has been recorded from rushes, Carex stricta (sedge), and spiked
maple.
D. Hirticollis Kirby 1837. Schaeffer records this from "Cali-
fornia: Lake Tahoe (Mann.)" Since the lake lies in both California
and Nevada, the species is certain to be found in the latter state. Re-
corded hosts are Nuphar polysepalum and Potamogeton spp.
The adjacent Californian D. piscatrix inhabits the flowers of
Nuphar spp., the yellow waterlily. D. pubescens is known from
"California: Lake Co. (Van Dyke)" (Schaeffer 1925), and seems
The Great Basin Naturalist
102 ira la rivers Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
to be a northern form. It has been found on pickerel weed, and is
the only North American species with pubescent elytra. D. distincta
occidentalis was described from California, as was D. subtilis magi-
strigata; the typical subspecies of the latter has been found on Spar-
ganium and goldenrod. D. tuberculifrons is known from Utah and
points east and is recorded from yellow pondlily, bulrushes (Scirpus
spp.) and Sparganium. D. emarginata occurs east of Nevada, one
of the nearest localities being Utah's Great Salt Lake (Van Duzee
specimens). D. emarginata pacifica Schaeffer 1925 was described
from the California Sierras with no host data. D. dubia is known
from Idaho, while D. vermiculata was described from California, and
may perhaps be only an aberrant D. longicollis.
The only available key to larvae (MacGillivray 1903) includes
but three of the above-listed species, and is appended for the aid it
may offer in evaluating larval characters:
1. Supraspiracular setae of the first five abdominal segments
extending caudad as far as the caudal margin of the pos-
terior setae (emarginata)
— Supraspiracular setae of the first four abdominal segments
not extending caudad as far as the front margin of the pos-
terior tergal band of setae 2
2. Sternal setae of the fifth abdominal segment divided longi-
tudinally by a mesal line into two groups; the posterior
sternal setae of the midthorax undivided ( cincticornis )
— Sternal setae of the fifth abdominal segment not divided;
the posterior sternal setae of the mesothorax not divided
longitudinally into two groups (subtilis)
The general lifehistory details below are from MacGillivray's
work in New York (1903):
The species of Donacia exhibited certain differences in egglay-
ing, some laying their eggs on plant stems, others on the underside of
floating leaves and others along the edge of leaf sheaths. Eggs
hatched in about 10 days, and "the young larvae find their way to
the bottom of the pond and among the ooze and attach themselves
to the underground stems of the yellow pondlily. Numerous under-
ground stems of the white pondlily were examined, and not a single
one was found with the larvae of Donacia attached to it, or with any
indications of where larvae had been feeding on it, though in most
cases the stems of the two species of plants were intertwined.
"When the large underground stems were examined, they were
usually found covered with larvae of various sizes and with cocoons.
The larvae were found clinging to the larger roots and feeding on
Dec. 29, 1951 cerambycoid semi-aquatic coleoptkia 103
the line rootlets with which the roots are covered. Several roots" . .
. . "appeared to be covered with minute tubercles. These tubercles
are the places from which the rootlets have been cut off by the lar-
vae. In addition to the above, the larvae also eat holes in the apices
of the larger roots."
MacGillivray was the first investigator to intelligibly solve the
problems of respiration in these larvae, who seem to have no struc-
tural modifications adapting them to an underwater life.
Speaking of the tissues of underwater plants — "Each of these
spaces is filled with air, and it is on such a supply that the larvae
and pupae of Donacia depend. The larvae tap the air supply locked
up in the stems of aquatic plants by pushing their caudal spines
through the epidermis of the plant and rupturing the cells surround-
ing the air spaces. The air contained by such plants is of about the
same richness in oxygen as the surrounding atmosphere. When the
tissue of the plant is ruptured, the inclosed air, being lighter than the
water, moves to the outer surface of the plant, and, if there were
nothing to collect it, it would pass on to the surface of the water. But
the spiracular openings being at the immediate base of the spines and
the larva holding the apex of its abdomen close to the surface of the
plant, the air is collected before it can escape into the water.
"In order to explain how the larva of Donacia obtains its supply
of air from the intercellular spaces of plants, I do not think it is
necessary to assume any extraordinary structures for the caudal
spines. The caudal spines are nothing more than projections of the
body wall for rupturing the tissues of the plant; and, when this is
accomplished, the air, being so much lighter than the surrounding
water and having a strong tendency to follow along anything that
will carry it to a higher level, simply follows along the outer surface
of the caudal spines to their base, where it is taken up bv the spir-
acles, while the two large longitudinal trachea connecting with the
spines take up the supply of air and act as resevoirs for storing it
between the air-taking periods.
"When the larvae are ready to transform to pupae, they spin a
tough, brownish cocoon, which is attached to the scars on the upper
surface of the rhizome from which the leaf stalks have been shed.
The silk is spun from glands opening into the mouth. The cocoons
are not only water-tight but air-tight and are of a homogeneous con-
sistency throughout without any indication of a thread-like structure.
The bottom of the cocoon where it is attached to the plant is much
The Great Basin Naturalist
104 ira la rivers Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
thinner and lighter in color and is firmly glued to the surface of the
plant."
The larva apparently exludes water from the inside of the
cocoon by "surrounding itself while spinning its cocoon by a quan-
tity of air sufficient to fill the vacant space in the cocoon . . . The
large excavation" (referring to the slit made by the larva in the
stem of the plant) "is always near the center of the cocoon and is
undoubtedly made by the larva before transforming to a pupa. In
this way the larva provides a continuous air supply for itself by tap-
ping the store held in the intercellular air spaces of the plant. Since
some individuals of Donacia live for 10 months or more in the co-
coon, need for a copius and continuous air supply becomes apparent.
"The pupa transforms to a beetle long before it is time for it to
emerge. When it is ready to emerge, the end of the cocoon is broken
off and the beetle crawls out. The ventral surface of most of the
species of Donacia is densely covered with fine silken hairs, so that,
when the beetle emerges from its cocoon, the air contained in the
cocoon at this time is held to the ventral surface of the beetle by
these silken hairs and in this way provides an air supply for it till
it reaches the surface of the water. This silken cover is also of use
to those species that lay eggs under water."
( Haemonia Latreille, 1829)
H. nigricornis Kirby 1837 seems the only species known in the
United States, and is quite variable as attested by its synonymicon.
Blatchley (1910) records it from pond weed (Potamogeton), on
which it also occurs in Europe, being known there from the roots of
the plant.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MacGillivray, A. D., 1903. Aquatic Chrysomelidae and a table of
the families of coleopterous larvae: IN Needham et al (1903),
Aquatic Insects of New York State. N.Y. State Mus. Bull. 68
(Entomology 18):200-499 (288-327).
Mead, A. R., 1938. New subspecies and notes on Donacia with key
to the species of the Pacific States (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).
Pan-Pac. Ent. 14(3): 113-120.
Schaeffer, C, 1925. Revision of the New World species of the tribe
Donaciini of the coleopterous family Chrysomelidae. Brooklyn
Mus. Sci. Bull. 3(3):45-165.
NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS OF UTAH SIPHONAPTERA
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF
MEGARTIIROGLOSSUS JORDAN AND ROTI ISCHILD 191 5 '
VERNON J. TIPTON, 1st Lt. MSC-'
and DORALD M. ALLRED-
The initial studies on Siphonaptera in Utah by Stanford (1931,
1944), and more recently by Hubbard (1947) and others have
brought to light much needed information concerning the flea fauna
of Utah. Because it has not yet been determined conclusively which
species of fleas are involved in the spread and maintenance of dis-
ease of sylvatic origin such as plague and tularemia, it is important
and necessary to know more about the distribution and ecology of
these insects.
Through the collections3 of the junior author and others, fifteen
species and subspecies of fleas are herein reported for the first time
as occurring in Utah. Substantiation is also made for collections of
three species of fleas made by previous workers whose reports have
been listed as of questionable validity. In addition, a new species of
l\legarthroglossus Jordan and Rothschild 1915 is described. The list-
ing of fleas which follows raises the total known species and sub-
species for the state of Utah to seventy-five. Information such as
host, locality, date of collection, and numbers of each sex of flea
collected are given when available. Collectors' names are indicated
by initials only, placed in parentheses.
The writers wish to acknowledge and express appreciation to
those who assisted in making this paper possible. Thanks are es-
pecially due Dr. J. S. Stanford, Utah Agricultural College, for per-
mission to use unpublished records based upon material he and his
co-workers collected. We are also indebted to Lt. Col. Robert Traub,
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, who determined most of Pro-
fessor Stanford's specimens and for access to his collection and for
assistance in determinations; and to George P. Holland, Chief, Sys-
tematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Department of Agri-
culture, Ottawa, Canada, for assistance in comparison of the new
species with other members of the genus.
(1) Published under the auspices of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, who
does not necessarily assume responsibility for the professional opinions expressed by
the authors.
(2) From the Department of Entomology, Army Medical Service Graduate School, Walter
Reed Army Medical Center, Washington 12, D. C, and from the Department of Zoology
and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
(3) These collections were supported (in part) by a research grant from the Microbiologic-
al Institute of the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Services.
105
The Great Basin Naturalist
106 V. J. TIPTON AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Thanks are also due the following for making available speci-
mens for study and /or assistance in determination of specimens: Dr.
D Elden Beck and Dr. Vasco M. Tanner, Brigham Young University;
Harold E. Stark, Western Communicable Disease Center Laboratory,
United States Public Health Service; Dr. William L. Jellison and
Glen M. Kohls, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, United States Public
Health Service.
KEY TO COLLECTORS' NAMES
(CK) Clyde Knudsen
(CLH) C. Lynn Hay ward
(DEB) D Elden Beck
(DEH) D. Elmo Hardy
(DMA) Dorald M. Allred
(JSS) J. Sedley Stanford
(RJM) Roy J. Myklebust
(RT) Robert Traub
(VMT) Vasco M. Tanner
NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS
Family Pulicidae Stephens 1829
CEDIOPSYLLA INAEQUALIS INTERRUPTA Jordan 1925
Sylvilagiis sp.: Zion National Park, Washington County, 17 Dec. 1950,
32 £ 52 9 (DEB) (DMA)
St. George, Washington County, 20 Dec. 1950,
1$ (DEB) (DMA)
Lepus calif or nicus: 10 mi. NW Kanab, Kane County, 21 Apr. 1951,
1$ 19 (DEB) (CK)
Note: Although Stanford (1944) reported this subspecies as
occurring in Utah, some workers have questioned the
validity of his record. Additional records herein listed
are in substantiation of Stanford's report.
ECHIDNOPHAGA GALLINACEA Westwood 1875
Neotoma lepida: Arches National Monument, Grand County, 14 July
1950, 19 ; 1 Aug. 1950, 19 (DMA)
Citellus variegatus: Arches National Monument, Grand County, 22
Aug. 1950, IS (DMA)
Bluff, San Juan County, 4 May 1951,
8$ 519 (DEB) (DMA)
Dipodomys merriami: Grafton, Washington County, 4 Nov. 1950,
2 9 (DEB) (DMA)
Sylvilagiis sp.: Zion National Park, Washington County, 17 Dec.
1950, 1$ 19 (DEB) (DMA)
St. George, Washington County, 20 Dec. 1950,
7 9 (DEB) (DMA)
Peromyscus eremicus: 15 mi. E St. George, Washington County, 19
Dec. 1950, 19 (DEB) (DMA)
Dec. 29, 1951 distribution records of utah siphonaptera 107
PULEX IRRITANS Linnaeus 175S
Canis latrans: St. George, Washington County, 23 Jan. 1925,
1$ 19 (VMT)
Delta Desert, Millard County, (year) 1925,
2$ 39 (DEH)
Family Vermipsyllidae Wagner 1899
CHAETOPSYLLA LOTOKIS Stewart 1926
Mustela sp.: Sardine Canyon, Cache County, 28 Dec. 1937,
4$ 2 9 (JSS)
Family Hystrichopsyllidae (Tiraboschi 1904)
ATYPHLOCERAS ECHIS Jordan and Rothschild 1915
Peromyscus eremicus: 15 mi. E St. George, Washington County,
19 Dec. 1950, 1$ (DEB) (DMA)
Note: Stanford (1944) lists a flea as "Atyphloceras (probably
echis)." This record should support his report.
ATYPHLOCERAS MULTIDENTATUS C. Fox 1909
Mouse nest: Pleasant Grove, Utah County, 16 Mar. 1951,
2$ (DEB) (DMA)
Peromyscus manic ulat us: Cedar Valley, Utah County, 25 Mar. 1951,
1? (DMA) (CLH)
Lehi, Utah County, 28 Apr. 1951,
1$ (DMA)
Note: Tipton (1950) reported a flea as "Atyphloceras sp.
(probably multidentatus)." These records undoubtedly
substantiate his report.
MERINGIS DIPODOMYS Kohls 1938
Dipodomys merriami: Grafton, Washington County, 4 Nov. 1950,
2$ 29 ; 17 Dec. 1950, 5 ? (DEB) (DMA)
Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County, 21 Dec. 1950,
105 109 (DEB) (DMA)
15 mi. E St. George, Washington County, 19 Dec. 1950,
6$ 119 (DEB) (DMA)
Dipodomys microps: Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County, 21
Dec. 1950, 19 (DEB) (DMA)
Peromyscus eremicus: 15 mi. E St. George, Washington County, 19
Dec. 1950, 13 49 (DEB) (DMA)
Citelhis leucurus: Grafton, Washington County, 18 Dec. 1950,
1$ 19 (DEB) (DMA)
Onychomys sp.: 15 mi. E St. George, Washington County, 19 Dec.
1950, 13 39 (DEB) (DMA)
ACTENOPHTHAL3IUS HEISERI McCoy 1911
Citellus leucurus: Rockville, Washington County, 18 Dec. 1950,
IS 19 (DEB) (DMA)
CORRODOPSYLLA CURVATA CURVATA (Rothschild 1915)
Sorex sp.: Bear Lake, Rich County, 14 July 1942,
2 9 (JSS)
The Great Basin Naturalist
108 V. J. TIPTON AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
CALLISTOPSYLLUS TERINUS Rothschild 1905
Peromyscus eremicus: Grafton, Washington County, 17 Dec. 1950,
2 9 (DEB) (DMA)
ANOMIOPSYLLUS NUDATUS Baker 1898
Peromyscus maniculatus: 20 mi. S Moab, San Juan County, 8 May
1951, 1$ (DMA) (RJM) (CLH) (CK)
NEARCTOPSYLLA HYRTACI (Rothschild 1904)
Mustela arizonensis: Logan Mountains, Cache County, 9 Dec. 1939,
13 1$ (JSS)
Family Ceratophyllidae Dampf 1908
THRASSIS PANDORAE Jellison 1937
Citellus armatus: Logan Canyon, Cache County, 9 June 1942,
59 1$ (JSS)
THRASSIS ARIDIS Prince 1944
Dipodomys merriami: Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County, 21
Dec. 1950, 2$ 119 (DEB) (DMA)
THRASSIS HOFFMANI (Hubbard 1949)
Dipodomys merriami: Beaver Dam Wash, Washington County, 21
Dec. 1950, 2$ 14 9 (DEB) (DMA)
Grafton, Washington County, 17 Dec. 1950,
2$ 29 (DEB) (DMA)
Onychomys sp.: 15 mi. E St. George, Washington County, 19 Dec.
1950, 1$ (DEB) (DMA)
ORCHOPEAS SEXDENTATUS NEOTOMAE Augustson 1943
Peromyscus maniculatus: Grafton, Washington County, 4 Nov, 1950,
19 (DEB) (DMA)
MONOPSYLLUS EUMOLPI CYRTURUS Jordan 1929
Eutamias minimus: Mammoth, Juab County, 7 Apr. 1951,
19 (DEB) (CLH) (DMA)
Eutamias quadrivittatus: N Fork Provo Canyon, Utah County, 22
June 1951, 1 (?) (DMA)
Citellus armatus: Strawberry Reservoir, Wasatch County, 28 June
1951, 19 (DMA)
PEROMYSCOPSYLLA HAMIFER VIGENS (Jordan 1937)
Microtus sp.: Logan Canyon, Cache County, 1 Oct. 1948,
5$ 5 9 (RT)
Family Hystrichopsyllidae
Subfamily Anomiopsyllinae
MEGARTHROGLOSSUS BECKI Tipton and Allred, sp. nov.
Diagnosis: The principal distinguishing characteristic by which
this species may be separated from other Megarthroglossus is the
dorso-caudal extension of the eighth sternum, becoming sub-acumi-
Dec. 29, 1951 distribution records of utah siphonaptera 109
nate apically and enclosing the proximal half of the distal arm of the
ninth sternum in a hyaline sheath, whereas in other members of the
genus the eighth sternum is not produced distad beyond the proximal
one-third of the distal arm of the ninth sternum, and is never acumi-
nate or subacuminate but rounded. Near M. divisus divisus (Baker
1895), but differs slightly in shape and chaetotaxy of the ninth
sternum and movable finger and immovable process of the clasper;
sinus of the seventh sternum of the female is truncate and definite,
not shallow and rounded; the ventro-caudal lobe of the seventh
sternum is acuminate, not rounded.
Description: Head (fig. 1, Male). Frontal tubercle present.
Frontoclypeal area porose. Ocular row of four bristles; the first and
third about half as long as the second and fourth; the first dorsally
displaced. Eye vestigial, triangular, slightly pigmented. Genal pro-
cess sub-acuminate. Maxillary lobe acuminate, reaching to or beyond
base of second segment of labial palpus. Labial palpi 5-segmented;
almost entire last segment reaching beyond apex of fore-coxa. Bris
ties of second antennal segment very short, not reaching beyond
third segment of clavus. Row of small bristles on dorsal margin of
antennal fossa. Two rows of bristles on post antennal area, each
row with three small dorsal bristles (four in female) and one large
ventral bristle; ventral bristle of second row reaching beyond apex
of pronotal teeth.
Thorax: (fig. 1, Male). Pronotum (PN.) with one row of
bristles anterior to pronotal comb, wdth bristles alternately long and
short; the ventral-most bristle very long and stout. Pronotal comb
of sixteen spines. Mesonotum (MSN.) with four rows of bristles,
first row irregular, second and third rows incomplete, bristles of
fourth row longest with alternating long and short bristles; row of
three pseudobristles on mesonotal flange. Mesepisternum (MPS.)
with one long bristle in ventro-caudal angle (in one para type male
bristle lies over internal ridge) and five smaller bristles (seven in
female) ranging dorso-anteriorally. Mesepimere (MPM.) with one
long ventral bristle. Metanotum (MTN.) with two rows of bristles,
the first incomplete, the bristles of the second row longest. Lateral
metanotal area very small and not readily evident, with one bristle.
Plural arch absent. Metepisternum (MTS.) with one bristle near
caudal margin (in female two bristles, the ventral four times longer
than the dorsal). Metepimere (MTM.) with one bristle near caudal
margin (in female two bristles, one medial and one caudal).
110
The Great Basin Naturalist
V. J. TIPTON AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Legs: Measurements.
Male: Leg
Pro-
Meso-
Meta-
Tarsal Segments
Tibia 1 2
183 63 63
263 123 96
346 230 133
3
4
5
53
43
110
60
50
120
60
50
126
Plate. I. Megarthroglossus becki, new species.
Fig. 1. Head and Thorax (Male)
Fig. 2. Anal Stylet (Female)
Fig. 3. Spermatheca (Female)
Fig. 4. Seventh Sternum (Female)
Dec. 29, 1951 distribution records of utah siphonaptera 111
Tarsal Seg]
merits
Female: Leg
Tibia
1
2
3
4
5
Pro-
206
70
73
60
53
116
Meso-
326
143
100
63
50
116
Meta-
400
293
170
73
63
123
Abdomen: First abdominal tergum (IT., fig. 1) with two rows
of bristles (one row in female), first row incomplete; two apical
spinelets on first tergum and one on second tergum (female with one
apical spinelet on first tergum and second tergum without spinelets).
Terga 2 to 6 with one row of bristles. Sterna 2 to 6 with one row
of bristles.
Modified Abdominal Segments: Male. Eighth sternum (8S.,
fig. 6) without bristles; extending dorso-caudally to encompass proxi-
mal half of distal arm of ninth sternum in hyaline sheath. Distal arm
of ninth sternum (D.A.9, fig. 6) enlarged medially, narrowing apic-
ally to become sub-acuminate, with ten bristles on caudal margin
and four small mesal bristles; several very fine bristles apically and
on anterior margin. Apex of immoveable process of clasper (P., fig.
5) subrounded; anterior to apex of process a prominent gland of
unknown function but constant in size and shape in all type speci-
mens; caudal margin of process of clasper undate with a rounded
protuberance slightly more than half the distance between apex of
process and its junction with moveable process of clasper; four bris-
tles on caudal margin above rounded protuberance, the most ventral
being smallest; 2 and 3 more widely separated than 1 and 2, with
two small mesal bristles slightly anterior to the three bristles; two
small bristles on apex of process with two small mesal bristles an-
terior to these and two small bristles on dorsal margin. A row of very
minute bristles extending from apex of clasper ventrad to about one-
half of the distance to point of articulation of moveable finger of
clasper. Moveable finger of clasper (F., fig. 5) 3*/2 times as long
as wide; anterior margin almost straight; posterior margin evenly
curved; apex rounded; one long thin bristle on caudal margin near
apex with a shorter thin bristle on either side; a fourth thin bristle
one-half the distance from apex to base, and another near the base;
a long thin bristle ventral to point of junction of P. and F. Other
small setae on F.; three antepygidial bristles, the middle twice as
long as the ventral and the dorsal bristle minute.
112
The Great Basin Naturalist
V. J. TIPTON AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
Plate II. Megarthroglossus becki, new species.
Fig. 5. Immoveable process and moveable finger of clasper (Male)
Fig. 6. Distal arm of ninth sternum
Fig. 7. Modified abdominal segments (Male)
Female: Dorsal four-fifths of posterior margin of VII sternum
(fig. 4) broadly undate; lower one-fifth with angulate; ventro-caudal
area a sub-acuminate lobe. Anal stylet (fig. 2) with a single apical
bristle. Head of spermatheca (fig. 3) as long as tail; base and apex
Dec. 29, 1951 distribution rkcords of utah siphonaptera 113
of head of almost equal width with slight constriction in middle.
Tail obtuse-angulate. Three antepygidial bristles, the central one
longest.
Lengths: Male. 2.14 mm
Female. 2.44 mm
PIolotype: A male, from Buckley's Mine, lower level, Rock
Canyon, near Provo, Utah County, Utah. Elevation, approximately
5100 feet. Collected by Dorald M. Allred, November 24, 1949. In
the collection of U. S. National Museum. Host: Nest of Neotoma
cinerea acraia (Elliot).
Allotype: A female, same data as above except from different
nest on upper level, elevation 5200 feet. Deposited in U. S. National
Museum.
Paratypes: Two males and two females, same data as the holo-
type. Deposited in collection of senior author, and collection of Brig-
ham Young University.
Remarks: This species is named for Dr. D. Elden Beck, Associ-
ate Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young Uni-
versity, to whom the authors are very much indepted for his con-
tagious and enthusiastic interest in ectoparasites.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS4
AE.A. Aedeagal apodeme
A. B. Antepygidial bristles
A.S.I. Apex of sclerotized inner tube
CR. Aedeagal crochets
D.A.9 Distal arm of male ninth sternum
F. Moveable finger of clasper
L.P. Labial palpi
MB. Manubrium
M.D.L. Median dorsal lobe of aedeagus
> I PM. A Iesepimeron
MPS. Mesepisternum
MSN. Mesonotum
MTM. M.'tepimere
MTN. Metanotum
The Great Basin Naturalist
114 V. J. TIPTON AND D. M. ALLRED Vol. XI, Nos. 3-4
MTS. Metepisternum
MX. Maxillary lobe
MX. P. Maxillary palpi
P. Immoveable process of clasper
P.A.9 Proximal arm of male ninth sternum
PN. Pronotum
P.R. Penis rods
SN. Sensilium
T.AP.9 Ventral margin of apodeme of ninth tergum
8S. Eighth sternum
IT. First tergum
SELECTED REFERENCES
Hubbard, Clarence A.
1947. Fleas of Western North America. Iowa State College
Press. 533pp.
Prince, Frank M.
1943. "Species of fleas on rats collected in states west of the
102nd meridian and their relation to the dissemination
of plague." Pub. Health Rpts. 58(18): 700-708.
Stanford, J. S.
1931. "A preliminary list of Utah Siphonaptera." Proc. Utah
Acad, of Sci. 8:153-154.
1944. "More Utah Siphonaptera." Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts
and Letters, Vols. 19 and 20:173-178.
Tipton, Vernon J.
1950. "New distributional records for Utah Siphonaptera." The
Great Basin Naturalist 10(1-4) :62-65.
Traub, Robert
1944. New North American Fleas. Zoological Series of Field
Museum of Nat. History 29(15) :21 1-220.
1950. Siphonaptera from Central America and Mexico. Field-
iana: Zoology Memoirs 1(1): 1-127. 54 plates.
(4) Nomenclature used is that of Traub's (1950).
ON FIVE NEW AMERICAN LITHOBIID CENTIPEDS
RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN
University of Utah
The new species here diagnosed are members of the order Litho-
biida. They were noted in the course of an examination of several
lots of chilopods that were in the hands of the author for identifi-
cation.
Family Lithobiidae
POKABIUS AETHES Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum yellowish brown, with the head, first tergite and the
posterior borders of the more caudal tergites chestnut.
Ocelli 1 + 4, 4, 3. Antennae composed of the usual twenty
articles. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2; the anterior margin of presternum
shouldered ectad of the outer tooth on each side; the porodont hair-
like.
Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced.
Ventral spines of the first legs 0, 0, 2, 3, 2; of the penult legs,
0, 1, 3, 3, 1; of the anal legs also 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, the terminal claw
simple.
Distinct from all other known species of Pokabius sens, str., to
to which it belongs, in having the penult as well as the anal legs
of the male conspicuously modified. In both of these legs the femur
is eleveated into a rounded lobe at the proximal end and is also,
though less, elevated at the caudal end, the dorsal surface being con-
cave between the two processes; in both pairs of legs the tibia is
longitudinally furrowed along its ventral face, the furrow deeper on
the anal than on the penult legs.
Length, about 9 mm.
Locality: California: Willow Creek One male taken by R. V.
Chamberlin, July 14, 1937.
GENUS MESOBIUS Chamberlin, new
Ocelli seriate. Articles of antennae numerous. Prosternal teeth
fixed at 2 + 2. Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates pro-
duced. Tarsi of all legs biarticulate. Distinguished from Archili-
thobius in having the anal legs of the male conspicuously modified,
in these the femur being more or less swollen and excised at distal
115
The Great Basin Naturalist
116 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
end on mesal side where bearing a process projecting mesad. Claw
of female gonopods bi- or tripartite.
Generotype: Mesobius danianus Chamberlin, new species.
This genus includes also the European Lithobius castaneus of
Newport.
MESOBIUS DANIANUS Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum light brown, the head and posterior tergites a darker
brown.
Antennae long, extending back upon sixth or seventh tergite;
composed of 42 articles in the holotype.
Ocelli few, in two series; e.g., 1+3, 2(3).
Prosternal teeth small, 2 + 2; the anterior margin of the pro-
sternum rounded off ectad of the outer tooth on each side; porodont.
subsetiform.
Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced.
Leg 1 with no ventral spines. Ventral spines of the penult legs
0, 1, 1, 1, 0; of the anal legs also 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, with the claw double.
In the anal legs of the male the femur is swollen; obliquely
excised at distal end on mesal side and there bearing a mesally di-
rected subcylindrical process which is distally truncate or with distal
surface a little convex and which widens a little at base.
Claw af the female gonopods bipartite, the outer lobe much
longer than the inner one; both teeth distally rounded. Basal spines
2 + 2, these gradually acuminate from base with the tip narrowly
rounded.
Length 10 to 13 mm.
Locality: Florida: Dania. One male and two females.
Distinguishable from Mesobius castaneus (Newport), an Euro-
pean species, in having the claw of the anal legs double and in the
more sparse spining of the legs.
Family Ethopolidae
ETHOPOLYS TIMPIUS Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum light brown, the head and caudal tergites more yellow-
ish. Legs also light brown, the caudal pairs and the antennae bright
yellow.
The head with lateral margining nearly continuous, although
Dec. 29, 1951 five new American lithobiid centipeds 117
the margin is indented at the level where a definite break occurs in
other species. Antennae reaching to or a little beyond the sixth
tergite, composed of the usual 20 articles which are mostly long and
slender. Ocelli in an elongate patch, with the series curved and
irregular; e.g., 1 + 6, 6, 4, 2.
Prosternal teeth ectad of diastema 3, those within typically 6
on each side.
Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced.
Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 2, 3, 2; dorsal, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1.
Dorsal spines of second legs, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1. Ventral spines of penult
legs 1, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1. Ventral spines of anal legs,
1, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0; claw double.
Claw of genital forceps of female long and acute, a weak tooth
on each side. Basal spines 3 + 3.
Length, 30 mm.
Locality: Utah: Provo Canyon, Briday Veil Falls at upper limits.
Apparently distinct in the absence or slightness of a lateral
marginal break on the head. Related to E. integer Chamberlin but
different in having low but distinct lateral teeth on the claw of the
female gonopods. Resembling E. bipunctatus (Wood), which occur
in the same general area, in color but obviously distinct in the short-
er antennae and in having normally 3, instead of 2, posternal teeth
ecad of the diastema on each side.
ETHOPOLYS CALIBIUS Chamberlin, new species
Dorsum dark chestnut, the posterior segments in particular
with a median longitudinal stripe of darker color. Legs also chestnut
colored proximally, lighter over tarsi.
Antennae long, reaching back upon the eighth tergite; composed
of 20 articles which are mostly long and proportionately slender.
Head with lateral marginal breaks. Ocelli 1 + 5, 5, 4, 3, the single
ocellus large.
Prosternal teeth 9 + 9 with no diastema and a definite poro-
dont not detectable in the type specimen.
Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced except
those of the thirteenth on which they are small and acute. Tergites
rugose, especially the more posterior ones.
Ventral spines of first legs 0, 0, 2, 3, 2; dorsal, 0, 0,. 3. 2, 1.
Ventral spines of penult legs, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2; dorsal 1, 0, 3, 1, 1; the
claw single. Ventral spines of anal legs 1, 1, 3, 2, 1; dorsal 1, 0, 3, 1,
The Great Basin Naturalist
118 RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN Vol. XI, NoS. 3-4
0. Last four pairs of coxae armed ventrally, the last two laterally.
Claw of the female genital forceps with a large acuminate medi-
an lobe and a small tooth each side well toward the base. Basal
spines 4 + 4.
Length: 28 mm.
Localiry: California: Prairie Creek. One female taken July 10,
1946.
Distinct from other known species of the subgenus Archethop-
olys in lacking a diastema in the prosternal dental series and in hav-
ing claw of the female gonopods practically entire.
ETHOPOLYS SPECTANS Ghamberlin, new species
Dorsum, including head and antennae, light chestnut, with a
darker median longitudinal line evident posteriorly. Legs brown.
Antennae relatively shorter than in related species; composed of
the normal 20 articles which are of moderate length. Head with
lateral marginal interruptions distinct. Ocelli in three series forming
an oblong patch; thus, 1 + 4, 4, 2.
Prosternal teeth 9 + 9, one of these teeth on each side occupy-
in the space usually forming the diastema, this tooth lying in front
of the fine porodont, one tooth ecad of this one.
Posterior legs missing from the type.
Posterior angles of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates
acutely produced but the processes unusually small. Tergites ir-
regularly rugose, most distinctly scabous on the caudal portion.
Claw of the female gonopods with an acute median lobe or tooth
which is moderate in length, the side teeth blunt and weak. Basal
spines 3 + 3.
Length, 19 mm.
Localitys British Columbia; Vancouver Id., Spectacle Lake. One
female taken by Dr. G. C. Carl on May 12.
INDEX TO VOLUME XI
The new genera and species described in this volume appear in black-face
type in this index.
Actenophthalmus heiseri McCoy, 107.
Ahaetulla calligaster (Gunther), 66,
80.
Allred, Donald M. and Tipton, Vernon
J., Article by, 105.
Amblycheila utahensis Tanner, 47.
Ambystoma annulatum Cope, 87.
maculatum Shaw, 88.
opocum (Gravenh.), 88.
talpiodium (Holb.), 88.
texanum Matthes, 88.
tigrinum morvortium Baird, 88.
t. tigrinum Green, 88.
Amphiuma means tridactylum
Cuvier, 88.
Anomiopsyllus nudatus Baker, 108.
Apheloria coriacea (Koch), 28.
Aphrosylus wirthi Harmston, 13.
Arctogeophilus umbraticus (McNeill),
34.
xenoporus ( Chamberlin), 34.
Arenophilus bipuncticeps (Wood), 34.
Argyra utahna Harmston, 16.
Atyphloceras echis J. & R., 107.
multidentatus C. Fox, 107.
Auturus becki Chamberlin, 29.
Batrachylodes ventebralis Boulenger,
62, 79.
Boiga irregularis (Merrem), 66, 80.
Boraria monticolens Chamberlin, 26.
Bragg. Arthur N. and Hudson, W. F.,
Article by 87.
Bufo cognatus Say, 87.
marinus (Linnaeus), 58, 78.
terrestris charlesmithi Bragg, 87.
Callistopsyllus terinus Rochschild, 108.
Cediopsylla inaequalis interrupta
Jordan, 106.
Cerambycoidea, 97.
Cerambycoid semi-aquatic Coleoptera
of the Nevada Area, 97.
Ceratobatrachus guentheri Boulenger,
60, 78.
Chaetopsylla lotoris Stewart, 107.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., Articles by,
19, 27, 115.
Chrysotus silvicolus Harmston, 11.
Cicindela formosa subsp. luxuriosa
Csy., 48.
carthagena subsp. pacifica Schp., 49.
decemguttata subsp. sanguineo-
maculata Blanchard, 51.
discreta Schaum, 51.
lepida Dej., 50.
limbalis subsp. auguralis Csy., 49.
limbalis Klug, 49.
limbigera subsp. nympha Csy., 50.
longilabris subsp. oslari Leng, 49.
repanda subsp. hudsonica Csy., 49.
sperata subsp. rubicunda (E. H.
Harris), 50.
Cicindelidae from the Pacific Islands,
50.
Collyris albitarsis Erichs, 51.
acrolia Chaud., 51.
similor W. Horn, 51.
Cornufer corrugatus A. Dum., 78.
guppyi (Boulenger), 79.
neckeri Brown & Myers, 79.
Corrodopsylla curvata curvata Roths-
child, 107.
Corucia zebrata Gray, 71, 82.
Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 81
Dasia samaragdinum perviridis
Barbour, 4, 82.
Denisonia par (Boulenger), 66, 80.
Woodfordii (Boulenger), 80.
Desmognathus fuscus brimleyorum
Stej., 88.
Diemictylus viridescens louisanensis
(Walterst.), 89.
Diploiulus hortensis (Wood), 29.
caeruleocinctus (Wood), 30.
Discodeles bufoniformis Boulenger, 79.
guppyi ( Boulenger) , 61, 79.
Dixidesmus phanus Chamberlin, 27.
Donaciinae, 98.
Drake, Carl J., Articles by, 37, 43.
Echidnophaga gallinacea Westwood,
106.
Emoia mivarti Boulenger, 6.
atrocostata (Lesson), 7.
caeruleocauda De Vis, 9.
cyanogaster (Lesson), 7, 83.
cyanura (Lesson), 8, 76, 83.
flavigularis Schmidt, 83.
manni Brown, 83.
nigrum (H. & J.), 77, 83.
sanfordi Schmidt, 83.
werneri (Vogt), 83.
whitneyi Burt, 83.
Enygrus carinatus (Schneider), 65, 80.
asper (Gunther), 80.
australis (Montrouzier), 80.
bibronii H. & H., 80.
Epeloria leiacantha Chambelin, 28.
Erratum page, 52.
Ethopolys timpius Chamberlin, 116.
119
120
INDEX TO VOLUME XI
calibius Chamberlin, 117.
spectans Chamberlin, 118.
Eurycea griseogaster M. & H., 88.
longicauda melanoplura (Cope), 89.
multiplicata (Cope), 89.
tynerensis M. & H., 89.
Galerucinae, 98.
Garibius georgiae Chamberlin, 32.
Gehyra oceanica (Lesson), 3, 68, 81.
mutilata Wiegm., 81.
Gekko vittatus Houttuyn, 82.
Geophilus mordax Meinert, 34.
becki Chamberlin, 34.
Gonocephalus godeffroyi (Peters), 81.
Gosibius saccharogeus Chamberlin, 33.
Gymnodactylus pelagicus (Gerard),
68, 81.
louisiadensis De Vis, 81.
Harmston, F. C, Article by, 11.
Harpaphe, 28.
Herpetological fauna, 57.
Hottes, F. C, Article by, 43.
Hudson, W. F. and Bragg, Arthur N.,
Article by, 87.
Hydrophis cyanocinctus Daudin, 67,
81.
Hyla i. infrafrenata Gunther, 2.
thesaurensis Peters, 59, 78.
Hypsirana heffernani Hinghorn, 79.
LaRivers, Ira, Article by, 97.
Laticauda colubrina Schneider, 67, 80.
Lepidodactylus lugubris (D. & B.),
69, 82.
guppyi Boulenger, 69, 82.
woodfordii Boulenger, 70, 82.
Linotaenia chionophila (Wood), 35.
laevipes (Wood), 35.
Lithobius forficatus (Linne), 31.
atkinsoni Bollman, 32.
Lygosoma (Leiolepisma) anolis Boul-
enger, 75, 83.
fuscus luctuosum (P. & D.), 5.
noctua Lesson, 76, 83.
(Lygosoma) solomenis Boulenger,
74, 83.
concinnatum Boulenger, 75, 83.
woodfordi Boulenger, 83.
(Sphenomorphus) cranei Schmidt,
73, 83.
bignelli Schmidt, 73, 83.
taylori Burt, 83.
Medeterus arnaudi Harmston, 12.
Megarthroglossus becki Tipton and
Allred, 108.
Meringis dipodomys Kohls, 107.
Mesobius danianus Chamberlin, 116.
Microhyla carolinensis olivacea Hal-
lowell, 87.
Micropechis elapoides (Boulenger), 80.
Microvelia signata Uhler, 37.
cubana Drake, 41.
intonsa Drake, 37.
oaxacana Drake, 37.
portoricensis Drake, 40.
tateiana Drake, 38.
Monopsyllus eumolpi cyrturus Jordan,
108.
Myrmecocystus pyramicus Smith, 91.
Nannolene corticolens Chamberlin, 31.
Nearctopsylla hyrtaci Rothschild, 108.
Necturus maculosus maculosus (Raf. ),
89.
Neolithobius ethopus Chamberlin, 32.
mordax (L. Koch), 32.
transmarinus (L. Koch), 32.
underwoodi (Bollman), 32.
vorax ( Meinert ) , 32.
xenopus (Bollman), 32.
Neurigona torrida Harmston, 14.
New County Records of Salientia and
asummary of known distribution
of Caudata in Oklahoma, 87.
New Distribution Records of Utah Si-
phonapteria with the discription
of a New Species of Megarthro-
glossus J. & R., 105.
New Neotropical Water-Striders
(Hemiptera-Veliidae) , 37.
New Species of Dolichopodidae from
California and Utah (Diptera),
11.
Nopoiulus minutus (Brandt), 30.
Notes on Some Cicindelidae of the
Western United States and the
South Pacific Islands with a de-
scription of a New Species, 47.
On Eight New Southern Millipeds, 19.
On Five New American Lithobiid
Centipeds, 115.
Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport), 30.
Orchopeas sexdentatus neotomae
Augustson, 108.
Otocryptops sexspinosus (Say), 33.
Oxidus gracilis (C. Koch), 29.
Pachymerium ferrugineum ( C. L.
Koch), 34.
Pacific Islands Herpethology No. rV,
Admiralty Islands, 1.
Pacific Islands Herpetology No. V,
Solomon Islands, 53.
INDEX TO VOLUMK \I
121
Palmatorappia solomonis (Sternfeld),
78.
Paobius vagrans Chamborlin, 32.
Parapist ocalamus hedigeri Roux, 81.
Pediporus schmidti (Burt), 73, 82.
blanchardi (Burt), 82.
Pelamydrus platurus Linnaeus, 81.
Peromvscopsylla bamifer vigens
J. & R., 108.
Platymantis, 3.
myersi Brown, 79.
papuensis weberi Schmidt, 62, 79.
solomonis Boulenger, 79.
Plethodon cinereus anausticlavius
Grobman, 89.
c. serratus Grobman, 89.
glutinosus glutinosus (Green), 89.
ouachitae D. & H., 89.
Pokabius aethes Chamberlin, 115.
Polydesmus complanatus Linne, 27.
Pseudacris clarki Baird, 87.
streckeri W. & W., 87.
triseriata (Wied), 87.
Pseudogekko shebae Brown & Tanner,
70, 82.
Pseudopolydesmus serratus (Say), 27.
Pseudotremia hansoni Chamberlin, 25.
fracta Chamberlin, 25.
Psochodesmus crescentis Cook, 29.
Pulex irritans Linnaeus, 107.
Rana brachycephala Cope, 87.
catesbeiana Shaw, 87.
clamitans Latr., 87.
kreffti Boulenger, 79.
papua novaebritanniae Werner,
61, 79.
Records of American Millipeds and
Centipeds Collected by Dr. D
Elden Beck in 1905, 27.
Riopa albofasciolata ( Gunther, 82.
Spirobolus spinigerus Wood, 30.
Spirostrephon lactarium (Say), 30.
Stridulatory Organs in Saldidae
(Hemiptera), 43.
Syntormon californicum Harmston,
15.
Smith, Marion R., Article by, 91.
Spea bombifrons Cope, 87.
Taiulus tiganus (Chamberlin), 30.
Taiyubius harrietae Chamberlin, 32.
Tanner, Vasco M., Articles by, 1,
47, 53.
Teniulus setosior Chamberlin, 21.
parvior Chamberlin, 23.
Theatops posticus (Say), 33.
Therates labiatus Fabricius, 51.
basalis var. simplo-flavescens
W. Horn, 51.
Thrassis pandorae Jellison, 108.
aridis Prince, 108.
hoffmani Hubbard, 108.
Tipton, Vernon J. and Allred, Dorald
M., Article by, 105.
Tribolonotus poncelati Kinghorn, 82.
Trichopetalum montis Chamberlin, 24.
Tricondyla aptera Olivier, 50.
aptera subsp., 50.
Two New Ants from Western Nevada
(Hymenoptera, Formicidae), 91.
Typhlops aluensis Boulenger, 63, 79.
adamsi Tanner, 64, 79.
becki Tanner, 63, 79.
bergi Peters, 79.
cumingii mansuetus Barbour, 79.
infralabialis Waite, 64, 79.
olivaceus reduncus Barbour, 79.
solomonis Parker, 79.
Typhotriton nereus Bishop, 90.
spelaeus Stej., 90.
Schemdyla nemorensis (Koch), 35.
Scolopendra viridis Say, 33.
pachygnatha Pocock, 33.
polymorpha Wood, 33.
Semionellus placidus (Wood), 28.
Shoshoniulus Chamberlin, 23.
Siren intermedia nettigi Goin, 89.
Uroblaniulus exul Chamberlin, 19.
dixinus Chamberlin, 21.
Varanus indicus (Daudin), 71, 82.
Veromessor lariversi Smith, 94.
Zinaria cala Chamberlin, 28.
Date of mailing Nos. 1-2, October 6, 1951.
Date of mailing Nos. 3-4, June 10, 1952.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11