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Full text of "Great Britain in the coronation year; being a historical record of the crowning of Their Imperial Majesties King George the Fifth and Queen Mary .."

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Presented  to  the 

LIBRARY  of  the 
UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO 

by 

ONTARIO  LEGISLATIVE 
LIBRARY 


GREAT    BRITAIN 
IN   THE    CORONATION   YEAR 


rn^rv 


GREAT    "f*  \  »  <•      IX 

THE  CO  RON  i  VAN 


'ING  A  HISTORICAL 
tPERI'AL   MAJESTIE^    M  . 
\RY     TOGETHER     UTM 
.ERICAL   NOBLE    NA\ 
.RSONAGES  ATTENDAN 
^1)      PORTRAITS      FR<> 

BY     I     i 


ALLI ••*  -          •»      i  -Mi  i  HI) 

)    \V 


56634 

GREAT    BRITAIN    IN 
THE   CORONATION   YEAR 


BEING  A  HISTORICAL  RECORD  OF  THE  CROWNING  OF  THEIR 
IMPERIAL  MAJESTIES  KING  GEORGE  THE  FIFTH  AND  QUEEN 
MARY  TOGETHER  WITH  A  CHRONICLE  OF  THE  VARIOUS 
CLERICAL  NOBLE  NAVAL  MILITARY  DIPLOMATIC  AND  CIVIL 
PERSONAGES  ATTENDANT  THEREAT  ILLUSTRATED  BY  SCENES 
AND  PORTRAITS  FROM  CONTEMPORARY  PHOTOGRAPHS 

BY    J    HOGARTH     MILNE 


0NTARIO 


56624 


LONDON 

W    H    ALLEN    &    COMPANY    LIMITED 
69    WATLING    STREET    EC 


PRINTED    BY 

THE    LONDON    &    NORWICH    PRESS,    LD. 
LONDON    &    NORWICH 


'. 


'    .5-' 


PREFACE 

F  I  ^HIS  volume,  which  has  been  in  preparation  for  a  considerable  time, 
-*•  has  now  reached  completion.  Its  purpose  is  primarily  to  present 
a  permanent  picture  of  the  Coronation  ceremonials,  and  to  hand  down  an 
official  record  of  all  those  whose  status  and  importance  in  the  service  of  His 
Imperial  Majesty  accorded  them  the  high  privilege  of  being  associated,  in 
a  greater  or  lesser  degree,  with  the  various  ceremonies  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  Church  and  the  State,  the  Navy  and  the  Army,  the  Diplomatic,  the 
Civil  and  the  other  Services  under  the  Crown  are  chronicled,  in  their  full 
and  authentic  order. 

In  the  second  and  biographical  section  of  the  book,  an  endeavour  has 
been  made  to  gather  together  a  list  of  some  of  the  representative  men  in  the 
Mother  Country  and  in  the  Dominions  Overseas,  and  to  give,  from  original 
sources,  a  more  or  less  brief  account  of  their  various  services  and  rewards  ; 
while  some  space  has  been  devoted,  in  the  supplementary  chapters,  to  those 
captains  of  industry  whose  intellect  and  enterprise  still  form,  as  in  the  days 
of  their  Elizabethan  predecessors,  the  stay  and  backbone  of  our  Empire. 
Neither  labour  nor  expense  has  been  spared  in  order  to  present  the  volume 
as  a  final  and  authentic  account  of  a  great  Imperial  event,  and  it  is  the 


publishers'  hope  that  it  may  be  found  not  unworthy  of  an  honourable  place 
among  the  annals  of  the  Empire. 

There  is  no  need  here  to  elaborate  the  high  significance  and  historic 
value  of  the  Ceremonial.  Other  Kings  and  other  Queens  have  been  crowned 
at  Westminster,  but,  when  we  look  down  the  dim  corridors  of  history  and 
there  crowd  upon  us  the  stately  shadows  of  the  past,  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
never  before  have  the  grey  walls  of  the  Abbey  held  so  varied  and  noble  an 
assemblage,  nor  witnessed  a  ceremony  so  pregnant  with  the  romance  of 
Empire.  The  sacred  spot  where,  nigh  a  thousand  years  ago,  Norman  William 
knelt  to  receive  the  English  Crown,  is  now  the  nucleus  of  those  controlling 
influences  which  govern  the  mightiest  Empire  the  world  has  ever  seen  ;  and  not 
Saxon  and  Celt  alone,  but  from  East  to  West  a  myriad  tongties  and  races 
around  the  globe  take  up  the  acclamation,  "  God  Save  King  George  !  " 

'  The  tumult  and  the  shouting  dies  ; 
The  captains  and  the  kings  depart  : 
Still  stands  Thine  ancient  sacrifice 
An  humble  and  a  contrite  heart. 

Lord  God  of  Hosts,  be  with  us  yet 

Lest  we  forget  —  lest  we  forget  !  " 

Rndyard    Killing- 


,  JUNE,  1914. 


LIST    OF    CONTENTS 

PART    I 

THE    CORONATION    OF    KINO    GEORGE    V 

PACK 

I.     THE  CROWNING  IN  THE  ABBEY  ...         ...  3 

II.     THE  PROGRESS  THROUGH  THE  CITY    ...         ...         ...         ...  60 

III.  THE  NAVAL  REVIEW  AT  SPITHEAD      79 

IV.  THE  VISIT  TO  INDIA       ...         85 

V.    THE  THANKSGIVING  SERVICE  IN  SAINT  PAUL'S  CATHEDRAL  117 

PART    II 

LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

I.     GREAT  BRITAIN  ...         ...         ...         129-155 

II.     BRITISH  INDIA  AND  CEYLON  ...         ...         157-227 

III.  THE  FAR  EAST — THE  STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS,  THE  FEDERATED 

MALAY  STATES  AND  HONG  KONG  ...  229-241 

IV.  AUSTRALIA  AND  NEW  ZEALAND        ...         ...         243-246 

V.     SOUTH  AFRICA    ...         ...         ...         ...         247-269 

VI.     CANADA  AND  NEWFOUNDLAND  ...         ...         ...         ...  271-337 

VII.    THE  WEST  INDIES,  BERMUDA  AND  SOUTH  AMERICA        ...  339-357 

VIII.    MALTA  AND  EGYPT       ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  359-366 


LIST    OF    CONTENTS     (continued) 
SUPPLEMENT 

PACK 

MESSRS.   G.   P.   PUTNAM'S  SONS         ...  369-375 

"THE  SPHERE"  AND  "THE  TATLER"      375-j8i 

MESSRS.  RAPHAEL  TUCK  &  SONS,  I,D 381-387 

MESSRS.  WILLIAMS  &  NORGATK 387-391 

THE  BRITISH  UXIOX  FOR  THE  ABOLITION   OF  VIVISECTION ...  393-398 

THE  NATIONAL  ANTI-VIVISECTION  SOCIETY ...  398-400 

THE  ROYAL  SOCIETY   FOR  THE   PREVENTION  OF  CRUELTY  TO   ANIMALS 401-408 

THE  BOY  SCOUT  IN   1911          ...  408-417 

CANADA'S  GRAND  TRUNK   RAILWAY  SYSTEM                           ...  419-4^5 

THE  CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY            4-25-434 

MESSRS.   J.   &  J.   COLMAN,   LD.            434-44' 

MESSRS.   J.  S.   FRY  &  SONS,   LD ...  441-445 

MESSRS.  CHARLES  LANCASTER  &   CO.,  LD.          ...                                    ...  445-447 

MESSRS.    J.  LYONS  &  CO.,   LD ...  447-449 

MESSRS.  JAMES   1'URDEY  &  SONS ...                                     ...  450-453 

MESSRS.  MARSHALL,  SONS  &  Co.,  1,1)        454 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

IN     PART    I 

PAGE 
THEIR   MAJESTIES    THE    KING    AND    QUEEN  Frontispiece 

THE  GUARDS  LEAVING  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE        4 

T.R.H.  PRINCE  GEORGE,  PRINCE  ALBERT,   PRINCESS  MARY,  THE  PRINCE  OF  WALES, 

AND  PRINCE  HENRY      9 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  LEAVING  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE  IN  THE  STATE  COACH 1 1 

VIEW  ALONG  THE  MALL       14 

PASSING  THROUGH  THE  ADMIRALTY  ARCH              16 

NEARING    THE    ABBEY         18 

THE  ARRIVAL  AT  THE  ABBEY      20 

THE  KING'S    COLOUR             29 

THE  ARCHBISHOPS  OF  CANTERBURY  AND  OF   YORK      41 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  KING'S  BODYGUARD  OF  THE  YEOMEN  OF  THE  GUARD        44 

THE  KING  AND  QUEEN  WITHIN  THE  ABBEY           46 

THE  CORONATION  CHAIR     4§ 

THE  KING'S    IMPERIAL    CROWN  ...                      5° 

THE  QUEEN'S  NEW  CROWN             ...                                  5° 

THE  KING'S  THRONE              5° 

THE  QUEEN'S  THRONE          5° 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  RETURNING  FROM  THE  ABBEY           52 

THE  RETURN  BY  WAY  OF  PICCADILLY           54 

THE  RETURN  OF  THEIR  MAJESTIES  TO  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE         55 

ON  THE  BALCONY  AT  THE  PALACE        57 

AT  TEMPLE  BAR            61 

PASSING  DOWN  FLEET  STREET ...  64 


LIST    OF     ILLUSTRATIONS     (continued} 

PAGE 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  AT  LUDGATE  CIRCUS         67 

CROSSING  LONDON  BRIDGE             69 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  IN  .SOUTH  LONDON                          71 

THE  RT.   HON.  THE  LORD  MAYOR  OF  LONDON  (ign),  SIR  T.   VEZEY  STRONG 72 

THE  vSCENE  AT  ST.  GEORGE'S  CIRCUS 73 

PASSING  OVER  WESTMINSTER  BRIDGE            75 

RETURN  TO   BUCKINGHAM  PALACE         76 

THE  ROYAL  YACHT So 

THE  ROYAL  YACHT  PASSING  DOWN  THE  LINES Si 

MEN  OP  THE  HINDUSTAN  CHEERING  THE  KING              82 

THEIR  IMPERIAL  MAJESTIES  WITH  THEIR  SUITE,  AND  THE  OFFICERS  OF  THE  MEDINA  86 

THE  MEDINA  LEAVING  PORTSMOUTH              87 

ON  BOARD  THE  MEDINA.  AT  PORT  SAID         88 

ON   BOARD  THE  MEDINA  AT  ADEN        88 

PROCEEDING  FROM  THE  STATION  AT  DELHI           9o 

THE  STATE  ENTRY  INTO  DELHI              g, 

H.H.  THE  NIZAM  OP  HYDERABAD  AND  SUITE         93 

GENERAL  VIEW  OF  THE  AMPHITHEATRE  AND  THE  SHAMIANA        ...  94 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  ARRIVING  FOR  THE  DURBAR  CEREMONY              97 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  CROWNED        98 

THE  KING-EMPEROR'S  BODYGUARD       Ioo 

THE  YOUNG  PRINCES  ATTENDANT  ON  THEIR  MAJESTIES  AT  THE  DURBAR     K,o 

MAJOR-GEN.  H.H.  SIR  PRATAP  SINGH  OF  IDAR       IOI 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  STANDING  BEFORE  THEIR  THRONES  IN  THE  SHAMIANA     102 

THE  KING  AND  QUEEN  SHOWING  THEMSELVES  TO  THE  PEOPLE  BELOW  THE  FORT  104 

THE  REVIEW  BY  HIS  MAJESTY IO4 

LUNCH  IN  THE  JUNGLE        ' Io6 

LEAVING  CAMP  FOR  THE  SHOOT Io8 

PAGEANT  PROCESSION  AT  CALCUTTA IO9 

THE  KING-EMPEROR  AND  THE  VICEROY  PROCEEDING  TO  THE  REVIEW 


LIST     OF     ILLUSTRATIONS     (continued) 

PAGE 

AT  CALCUTTA      II2 

THE  DEPARTURE  FROM  BOMBAY            II2 

THE  KING-EMPEROR'S  CUP    RACE  AT  CAI.CT'TTA     m 

THE  LANDING  AT  PORTSMOUTH II4 

THEIR  MAJESTIES'  RETURN  TO   LONDON       115 

THEIR  MAJESTIES  AT  .SAINT  PAUL'S  CATHEDRAL              118 

THE  BISHOP  OP  LONDON ...  J2o 

THE  RT.  HON.  THE    LORD  MAYOR  OF  LONDON  (1912)  SIR   THOJIAS  BOOR   CROSBY      ...  122 

THE  LADY  MAYORESS            124 

SHERIFF    BRIGGS         125 

SHERIFF    HANSON  126 


PUBLISHERS    NOTE 

7~~*  OR  their  kind  assistance   in    connection    with    the    illustration    of    this 

Jr 

volume,    the    publishers    specially    desire    to    record    their    thanks    and 
indebtedness  to  The  London  Stereoscopic  Co.,  Ld.,   Messrs.  Elliott  &  Fry,  Ld., 

The  Sphere  and  Taller,  Ld.,  The  Central  News,  Ld.,  Messrs.  Maull  &  Fox, 
Messrs.  Lafayette,  Ld.,  Messrs.  Miles  &  Kaye,  and  to  various  other  firms 
who  have  kindly  granted  permission  for  the  reproduction  of  a  number  of 
copyright  portraits  and  photographs  in  its  pages. 


PART    I 


THE  CORONATION  OF  KING  GEORGE  V. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 


CHAPTER    I 

THE 
CROWNING    IN   WESTMINSTER  ABBEY. 

Sirs,  I  here  present  unto  you  King  George,  the  undoubted  King  of  this  Realm  : 
Wherefore  all  of  you  who  are  come  this  day  to  do  your  homage  and 
service,  are  you  willing  to  do  the  same  ? 

A  TENDED    by   every    auspicious    circumstance,    and  surrounded  by 
a    noble    assemblage    representing    every     part    of    his    Empire, 
King  George  the  Fifth  was,  on  Thursday,  the  twenty-second  of 
June,    one   thousand   nine   hundred  and    eleven,    crowned   King   of   Great 
Britain     and    Ireland,    and    the    Dominions    beyond    the    Seas,    after    a 
ceremony  unique  for  its  beauty,  impressiveness,  and   symbolic  pageantry. 
******** 

When  the  Royal  Standard  was  unfurled  on  Buckingham  Palace  shortly 
before  seven  o'clock,  large  crowds  had  already  assembled  along  the  Mall 
and  in  Whitehall.  Over  the  parks,  the  dawn  had  come  grey  and  cold,  and 
some  rain  showers  had  fallen,  but  through  the  night,  many  thousands  had 
kept  vigil  in  the  streets  and  squares.  In  St.  James's  Park  alone  over  1,500 
persons  found  sleeping-places  beneath  the  trees,  and  at  2  a.m.  Trafalgar 
Square  and  its  environs  were  already  crowded  with  people.  Throughout 
the  night  vehicular  traffic  was  incessant,  and  both  railways  and  tramways 
poured  into  the  open  spaces  the  vast  population  of  the  suburbs.  From 
seven  o'clock  onwards  there  came  a  steady  flow  of  troops,  of  which  about 
45,000  of  all  ranks  lined  the  route.  Life  Guards,  Dragoons,  Infantry  of 
the  Line,  followed  by  Naval  and  Indian  detachments  and  the  various  Overseas 
contingents,  all  swung  into  position  with  ordered  precision. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Already  the  bells  of  the  churches  were  ringing  joyously,  and  the  boom 
of  the  King's  first  salute  awakened  the  tardier  sleepers  in  the  parks.  In  front 
of  the  forecourt  of  the  Palace,  some  two  hundred  of  the  Chelsea  Pensioners, 
in  their  bright  scarlet  paletots,  were  seated.  Here  were  also  the  Army 
Nursing  Sisters,  many  of  them  wearing  medals  on  their  cloaks.  Standing 
at  attention  at  the  foot  of  the  monument  erected  in  memory  of  the  Great 


THE     GUARDS     LEAVING     BUCKINGHAM     PALACE. 

Queen,  for  whom  nearly  all  of  them  had  fought,  was  a  Guard  of  Honour  of 
the  Native  Officers  of  the  Indian  contingents.  Towards  the  right  of  the 
Palace  was  grouped  the  Guard  of  Honour  furnished  by  the  Colonial  troops, 
while  between  an  interval  in  the  ranks  was  a  posse  of  Boy  Scouts,  the  youngest 
of  our  national  military  institutions.  By  eight  o'clock  the  whole  space 
before  the  King's  Palace  was  filled  with  troops,  and  not  a  vacant  place  was 
to  be  seen  on  any  of  the  numerous  grand  stands  along  the  route. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

Between  eight  and  nine  o'clock  the  Guards  of  Honour  and  the  Staff  of 
Lord  Kitchener,  Field-Marshal  in  Command  of  the  Troops,  and  the  Processional 
Escorts  arrived.  Lord  Kitchener  himself,  mounted  on  a  magnificent 
charger,  passed  down  the  line  and  was  loudly  cheered,  and,  following  him, 
the  Duke  of  Connaught  rode  up  to  the  Palace  with  his  staff. 

The  first  procession  was  now  marshalled  in  the  Palace  courtyard,  and 
at  9.30  the  trumpeters  sounded  a  fanfare,  and  the  fourteen  state  landaus 
containing  the  Representatives  of  the  Powers  filed  out,  led  by  a  Staff  Officer 
and  the  Band  and  Escort  of  the  ist  Life  Guards,  while  the  troops  came  to 
the  salute.  The  following  is  the  list  of  carriages  with  their  occupants  :— 

THE    FIRST    PROCESSION. 
ROYAL  REPRESENTATIVES,  ROYAL  GUESTS,  AND  OTHER  REPRESENTATIVES. 

An  Officer  of  the  War  Office  Staff. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  F.  W.  Kerr,  D.S.O. 

Trumpeters  of  the  ist  Life  Guards. 

Squadron  of  the  ist  Life  Guards. 

Band  of  the  ist  Life  Guards. 
The  First  Division  of  the  Captain's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

First  Carriage. 

Dejasmatch  Kassa  of  Ethiopia. 

His  Highness  Prince  Mohamed  Ali  Pasha,  of  Egypt. 

His  Serene  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  of  Monaco. 

Second  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 
His  Highness  Duke  Ernst  Gunther  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 
His  Highness  Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg. 
His  Highness  Prince  Tsai  Chen  of  China. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Third  Carnage. 

His  Royal  Highness  Duke  Ernest  Augustus  of  Brunswick  and  I^uneburg. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Philip  of  Saxe-Coburg. 

His  Grand  Ducal  Highness  Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Maximilian  of  Baden. 

Fourth  Carnage. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George  of  Greece  (Son  of  the  Crown  Prince). 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George  of  Greece. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  George  of  Greece. 

His  Royal  Highness  Duke  George  William  of  Brunswick  and  L,uneburg. 

Fifth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Saxe-Coburg. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse. 

Sixth  Carriage. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Princess  of  Saxe-Meiningen. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Johann  George  of  Saxony. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Johann  George  of  Saxony. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  the  Netherlands  (Duke  of  Mecklenburg). 

Seventh  Carriage. 

The  Hon.  John  Hays  Hammond   (Representative  of  the  President  of  the 

United  States  of  America). 

Vice- Admiral  Fauques  de  Jonquieres  (Representative  of  the  French  Republic). 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  Albrecht  of  Wurtemberg. 
His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Rupprecht  of  Bavaria. 

6 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

Eighth  Carnage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duchesss  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 
His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia. 

Ninth  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  Danilo  of  Montenegro. 
Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Militza  of  Montenegro. 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  of  Hesse. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duchess  of  Hesse. 

Tenth  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Sweden. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Princess  of    Sweden. 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Bulgaria. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Chakrabhongs  of  Pitsanulok,  Heir  Presumptive 
of  Siam. 

Eleventh  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Roumania. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  of  Roumania. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  Alexander  of  Servia. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Denmark. 

Twelfth  Carriage. 

His  Imperial  Highness  the  Prince  Higashi-Fushimi  of  Japan. 
Her  Imperial  Highness  the  Princess  Higashi-Fushimi  of  Japan. 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Greece. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Princess  of  Greece. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Thirteenth  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  d'Aosta  of  Italy. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  d'Aosta  of  Italy. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Infante  Don  Fernando  of  Spain. 

His  Imperial  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  Boris  Vladimirovitch. 

Fourteenth  Carriage. 

His  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  German  Crown  Prince. 

Her  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  German  Crown  Princess. 

His  Imperial  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  Youssouf  Izzedin  Effendi  of 

Turkey. 
His  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  Archduke  Charles  Francis  Joseph. 

The  Second  Division  of  the  Captain's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

At  ten  o'clock,  to  the  strains  of  the  National  Anthem,  the  second  part 
of  the  Royal  Procession  left  the  Palace  and  passed  slowly  along  the  Mall 
on  its  way  to  the  Abbey.  It  consisted  of  five  state  landaus,  the  first  four 
containing  members  of  the  Royal  Family,  and  the  fifth  the  Prince  of  Wales 
in  his  Garter  robes,  and  Princess  Mary,  with  the  little  Princes  George,  Henry, 
and  Albert,  the  whole  led  by  a  Captain's  Escort  of  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  sight  of  the  five  Royal  children,  the  emblems  of  future  hope  for  England, 
evoked  a  great  burst  of  cheering,  and  man,  woman,  and  child  welcomed  them 
with  genuine  emotion. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  carriages  with  their  occupants : — 

THE   SECOND    PROCESSION. 
THE    ROYAI,   FAMILY. 

The  Advance  point  of  the  Captain's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  First  Division  of  the  Captain's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

Fifteenth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  Prince  Alexander  of  Battenberg. 

Her  Serene  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Teck. 

Her  Highness  the  Princess  Marie  L,ouise  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 

Her  Highness  the  Princess  Victoria  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 


T.R.H.  PRINCE  GEORGE,  PRINCE  ALBERT,  PRINCESS  MARY,  THE  PRINCE   OP  WAIVES, 

AND  PRINCE  HENRY. 


Sixteenth  Carriage. 

Her  Highness  Princess  Maud. 

Her  Highness  Princess  Alexandra. 

Her  Grand  Ducal  Highness  Princess  L,ouis  of  Battenberg. 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Alice,  Princess  Alexander  of  Teck. 


CORONATION     OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Seventeenth  Carriage. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the   Princess  Victoria   Patricia   of   Connaught   and 

Strathearn. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Albany. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Connaught  and  Strathearn. 
Her  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  Dowager  Duchess  of  Saxe-Coburg  and 

Gotha  (Duchess  of    Edinburgh). 

Eighteenth  Carriage. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Beatrice,  Princess  Henry  of  Battenberg. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Louise,  Duchess  of  Argyll. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Helena,    Princess   Christian   of  Schleswig- 

Holstein. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Royal. 

Nineteenth  Carriage. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Henry. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Mary. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales,  K.G. 

The  Second  Division  of  the  Captain's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

Meantime  the  third  procession,  that  of  the  King  and  the  Queen,  was 
being  marshalled  in  the  Mall  and  upon  Constitution  Hill.  Beneath  the 
archway  of  the  Palace  the  wonderful  golden  State  Coach,  drawn  by  the  famous 
eight  Hanoverian  cream  horses,  with  trappings  of  blue  and  gold,  was  drawn 
up.  At  10.25  the  Royal  Trumpeters  sounded  a  fanfare,  and  to  the  strains 
of  the  National  Anthem  and  the  booming  of  the  saluting  guns  in  Hyde  Park, 
Their  Majesties  passed  into  the  Processional  Road.  'The  King  wore  his 
Cap  of  State  edged  with  miniver,  and  a  crimson  cloak  with  a  shoulder  lapel 
of  the  same  fur  ;  the  Queen,  a  regal  dress  of  deep  ivory  satin  with  gold 
embroidery.  Their  reception  along  the  route  was  strikingly  enthusiastic. 
With  great  shouts  of  welcome,  the  vast  crowds  gave  expression  to  their 

10 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

pent-up  feelings  of  loyalty,  and  the  sun,  which  had  all  the  morning  been 
obscured,  now  broke  through  the  clouds  to  complete  the  brilliance  of  this 
wonderful  pageant  of  colour.  Thus  the  great  State  Coach  went  slowly 
down  the  centre  of  the  Mall,  passed  through  the  Admiralty  Arch  into  Whitehall, 
where  the  crowds  and  cheering  were  even  more  enthusiastic,  and  so  through 
Parliament  Square  to  the  Abbey,  where  a  new  Annexe  had  been  erected 
near  the  western  entrance  for  their  reception. 


THEIR  MAJESTIES  LEAVING  BUCKINGHAM   PALACE  IX  THE  STATE  COACH. 

The  order  of  the  Royal  Procession  was  as  follows  :— 

THE   THIRD    PROCESSION. 
THEIR  MAJESTIES  THE  KING  AND  THE  QUEEN. 

The  Advance  point  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  King's  Barge-Master  and  12  Watermen. 

ii 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Twentieth  Carriage. 

W.  H.  E.  Campbell,  Esq.,  Page  of  Honour. 

A.  E.  Lowther,  Esq.,  Page  of  Honour. 

Captain  Sir  W.  D.  S.  Campbell,  K.C.V.O.,  Groom  in  Waiting. 

Hon.  Venetia  Baring,  Maid  of  Honour. 

Twenty-first  Carriage. 

Lt.-Col.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  W.  H.  P.  Carington,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B.  (P.C.),  the  Keeper 

of  the  Privy  Purse. 
Lt.-Col.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  A.  J.  Bigge,  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.B.,  K.C.S.I.,  K.C.M.G., 

I.S.O.  (P.C.),  Private  Secretary  to  the  King. 
Hon.  Sybil  Brodrick,  Maid  of  Honour. 
Lady  Eva  Dugdale,  Woman  of  the  Bedchamber. 

Twenty-second  Carnage. 

The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  K.C.V.O.,  the  Lord  Chamberlain  to  the  Queen. 
Admiral  Sir  M.  Culme-Seymour,  Bt.,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,  Vice-Admiral  of  the 

United  Kingdom. 

The  Lord  Annaly,  C.V.O.,  Lord  in  Waiting. 
The  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  K.G.,  K.T.  (P.C.),  the  Captain-General  of  the  Royal 

Archer  Guard  of  Scotland  and  Gold  Stick  of  Scotland. 

Twenty-third  Carriage. 

The  Earl  Spencer  (P.C.),  the  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  Household. 
The  Earl  of  Chesterfield  (P.C.),  the  Lord  Steward  of  the  Household. 
The  Countess  of  Minto,  Lady  in  Waiting. 
The  Duchess  of  Devonshire,  Mistress  of  the  Robes. 

THE  KING'S  INDIAN  ORDERLY  OFFICERS  AND  OFFICER  IN  CHARGE. 

Risaldar  Major  Subadar  Major  Risaldar  Major          Major  L.  C. 

Abdul  Karim  Khan     Muhammad  Ismail.     Malik  Sher  Bahadur          Jones. 
Sadar  Bahadur.  Khan. 

12 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

AIDES-DE-CAMP  TO  THE  KING. 
VOLUNTEER  AND  TERRITORIAL  FORCE  AIDES-DE-CAMP. 
Col.  Sir  R.  D.  Moncrieffe,  Bt.      Col.  F.  Goodwin,  C.I.E.     Col.  H.  A.  Barclay, 

C.V.O. 

Col.  Hon.  H.  G.  I,.          Col.  W.  K.  Mitford,          Col.   J.  Stevenson,   C.B. 
Crichton.  C.M.G. 

MILITIA  AND  SPECIAL  RESERVE  AIDES-DE-CAMP. 

Col.  Sir  H.  Col.  W.        Col.  G.  O'Calla-    Col.  J.  B.  Le       Col.  W.  G. 

Munro,  Bt.       Cooke-Collis,     ghan-Westropp        Mottee.         Wood-Martin. 
C.M.G. 

REGULAR  FORCES  AIDES-DE-CAMP. 

Col.  G.  T.     Bt.-Col.  W.  C.  G.   Col.  O.  S.  W.   Col.  J.E.  Gough,    Col.  H.  G. 
Forestier-        Heneker,  D.S.O.    Nugent,  D.S.O.     V.C.,  C.M.G.    Fitton,  D.S.O. 

Walker. 

Brig.-Gen.  Col.  Col.  Bt.-Col.     Brig.-Gen.  W.  R. 

H.  D'U.  Keary,  H.  V.  Cowan,     P.  A.  Kenna,     H.  E.  Stanton,    Birdwood, 
D.S.O.  C.V.O.,  C.B.       V.C.,  D.S.O.  D.S.O.        C.S.I.,  C.I.E., 

D.S.O. 
NAVAL  AND  MARINE  AIDES-DE-CAMP. 

Col.  J.  H.  Bor,      Capt.  M.  E.        Capt.  H.  I,.        Capt.  Hon.         Capt.  A.  H. 
C.M.G.  Browning,       Heath,  M.V.O.    S.  A.  Gough-        Christian, 

M.V.O.  Calthorpe,  C.V.O.        M.V.O. 

Aide-de-Camp  General.  First  and  Principal  Naval  Aide-de-Camp. 

Maj.-Gen.  J.  S.  Ewart,  C.B.  Admiral  Sir  L,.  A.  Beaumont, 

K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G. 

GENERAI,  OFFICERS  COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF. 

U.-Gen.  Sir  B.  M.  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  W.  H.         Gen.  Sir  L.  J.  Oliphant, 

Hamilton,  K.C.B.        Mackinnon,  K.C.B.,  C.V.O.          K.C.V.O.,  C.B. 
The  Inspector-General  of  the  Oversea  The  Inspector-General  of  the 

Forces.  Forces. 

Gen.  Sir  I.  S.  M.  Hamilton,  G.C.B.,          Gen.  Sir  J.  P.  D.  French,  G.C.B., 
D.S.O.  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.M.G. 

13 


rik*. 


VIEW     ALONG    THE    MALL. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 


Field-Marshal 

Sir  H.  E.  Wood,  V.C., 

G.C.B.,  G.C.M.G. 


FIELD-MARSHALS  . 

Field-Marshal  the 
Lord  Grenfell,  G.C.B., 
G.C.M.G.  (P.C.}. 


Field-Marshal  the  Earl 
Roberts,  V.C.,  K.G.,  K.P., 
G.C.B.,  O.M.,  G.C.S.I., 
G.C.I.E.  (P.C.}. 


Maj.-Gen. 
C.  F.  N.  Macready,     G.  V.  Kemball, 


WAR  OFFICK  STAFF. 

Brig. -Gen.  Brig. -Gen.  F.  Maj.-Gen. 

Rainsford-Hatmay.      A.  J.  Murray, 


C.B. 

Surg.-Gen. 
W.  L.  Gubbins, 
C.B.,  M.V.O. 


Lt.-Gen. 

Sir  H.  S.  G.  Miles, 
K.C.B.,  C.V.O. 


C.B.,  D.S.O.  C.V.O. ,  C.B.,  D.S.O. 

Maj.-Gen.  R.  Pringle,         Maj.-Gen.  Lt.-Gen. 

C.B.,  D.S.O.        J.  S.  Cowans,  M.V.O.     Sir  A.  S.  Wynne, 

K.C.B. 
ARMY  COUNCIL. 

Maj.-Gen. 
C.  F.  Hadden, 
K.C.B. 


Field-Marshal  Sir  W.  G. 
Nicholson,  G.C.B., 
A.D.C.-General. 


His  MAJESTY'S  MARSHALMEN. 

25  Yeomen  of  the  Guard  (to  walk  to  the  Abbey  only,  in  ranks  of  four,  and  be 
relieved  by  25  more  for  the  return  route). 

EQUERRIES  TO  THE  KING. 

Lt.-Col.  A.  B.  Haig, 
C.V.O.,  C.M.G. 


Bt.-Col.  H.  vStreatfeild, 
M.V.O. 


Col.  Count  Gleichen, 

K.C.V.O.,  C.B., 

C.M.G.,  D.S.O. 

Lord  M.  T.  De  la  P. 

Beresford,  C.V.O. 


Bt.-Lt.-Col.  vSir  G.  L. 

Holford,  K.C.V.O., 

C.I.E. 

Lt.-Col. 

C.  F.  Campbell, 

C.I.E. 

Col.  Hon.  Major  Capt.  B.  G.  Godfrey-  Lt.-Col.  Hon.  D.  W.  G. 

Sir  H.  C.  Legge,     Lord  C.  G.  F.       Faussett,  C.M.G. ,     Keppel,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G. , 
K.C.V.O.  Fitzmaurice.  M.V.O.,  R.N.  C.I.E. 


Vice-Admiral 
Sir  A.  B.  Milne,  Bt., 
K.C.B.,  K.C.V.O. 

Bt.-Col.  Sir  A. 
Davidson,  K.C.B., 

K.C.V.O. 

Bt.-Maj.  C.  Wigram, 
M.V.O. 


X 
(J 


I 


M 

W 
H 


o 
o 

o 


O 


03 
< 
(I, 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

HONORARY  INDIAN  AIDES-DE-CAMP  TO  THE  KING. 

Major-General  His  Highness  Sir  Madho  Rao  Scindia,  Bahadur,  Maharajah  of 

Gwalior,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.V.O. 
Major-General  His  Highness  Sir  Pratap  Singh,  Bahadur,  Maharajah  of  Idar, 

G.C.S.I.,  K.C.B. 

Colonel   His   Highness   Sir   Ganga   Singh,    Bahadur,  Maharajah  of  Bikaner, 

G.C.I.E.,  K.C.S.I. 

THE  ESCORT  OF  COLONIAL  CAVALRY. 

Major-General  E.  H.  H.  Allenby,  C.B. 
Major  D'A.  Regard. 

THE  ESCORT  OF  OFFICERS  OF  THE  INDIAN  CAVALRY. 

The  First  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  Second  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

Chief  Staff  Officer  to  the  Field-Marshal  Chief-Constable. 

in  Command  of  the  Troops.  Co1..  A.  H.  M.  Edwards, 
Major-General  A.  E.  Codrington,  C.B.,  M.V.O. 

C.V.O.,  C.B. 

AIDE-DE-CAMP. 
Captain  N.  J.  C.  Livingstone-L/earmonth. 

The  Captain  of  the  Escort.  THE  STATE  COACH    The  Field  Officer  of  the  Escort. 

The  Field-Marshal  in 
Drawn  by 

Command  of  the  Troops. 

EIGHT   CREAM  Fieid.Marshal  the  Viscount 

HORSES  Kitchener  of  Khartoum, 

G.C.B.,    OM.,    G.C.S.I., 
conveying 

G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E. 
THEIR  MAJESTIES  Aide-de-Camp, 

Gbe  Ikiiuj  ant>   (Slueen.  Captain 

O.  A.  G.  FitzGerald. 
THE  STANDARD. 

B  17 


NKAKIXG     THK     ABBKV, 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 


Captain  Field-Marshal 

His  Royal  Highness  His  Royal  Highness 

Prince  Arthur  of  the  Duke  of 

Connaught,  K.G.,  G.C.V.O.  Connaught  and  Strathearn, 

K.G.,  K.T.,  K.P. 

Bt.-Lt.-Col.  Vice-Admiral  General 

His  Serene  Highness        His  Serene  Highness  His  Royal  Highness 

The  Duke  of  Teck,    Prince  Louis  of  Battenberg,    Prince  Christian  of  Schleswig- 
G.C.V.O.,  C.M.G.     G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.M.G.      Holstein,  K.G.,  G.C.V.O. 

Major  His  Serene  Highness  Prince  His  Highness 

Alexander  of  Teck,  G.C.V.O.,  D.S.O.      Prince  Albert  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 

The  Gold  Stick  in  Waiting.  The  Captain  of  the  Yeomen  The  Master  of  the  Horse. 
Lieut.-Gen.  the  Earl  of  of  the  Guard.  The  Earl  of  Granard, 

Dundonald,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B.  The  Lord  Allendale  (P.C.) .  K.P.  (P.C.} . 

Equerry  in  Waiting  Equerry  in  Waiting  Equerry  in  Waiting  The  Crown  Equerry. 


to  the   Queen. 
Lieut. -Col. 
F.  Dugdale, 
C.V.O. 


to  the  King.  to  the  King.  Capt.  Hon. 

Bt.-Iyt.-Col.    Sir  Commander        W.  C.  Wentworth- 

F.  E.  G.  Ponsonby,  Sir  C.  L-  Cust,  Bt.,  Fitzwilliam,  C.V.O. 
K.C.V.O.,  C.B.     C.B.,  C.M.G. .C.I.E., 

M.V.O. 


The  Field  Officer  in     Extra  Equerry  in  Waiting      The  Silver  Stick  in 

Brigade  Waiting.  to  the  King.  Waiting. 

Lt.-Col.  C.  FitzClarence,     Maj.  Viscount  Crichton,     Lieut. -Col.  E.  B.  Cook, 
V.C.  M.V.O. ,  D.S.O.  M.V.O. 


Equerry  to  His  Royal 
Highness  Prince  Christian 
of  Schleswig-Holstein. 
Captain  C.  Hankey. 


Equerry  to 
His  Royal  Highness 
Prince  Arthur  of  Con- 
naught. 

Lieut.  E.  H.  Bonham. 


Equerry  to 

His  Royal  Highness 

the  Duke  of  Connaught 

and  Strathearn. 

Capt.  T.  H.  R.  Bulkeley, 
C.M.G.,  M.V.O. 


THE  ARRIVAL  AT  THE  ABBEY. 


THE    GROWNIiNG    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

The  Adjutant  in  Brigade  Waiting.       The  Silver  Stick  Adjutant  in  Waiting. 

Capt.  Hon.  J.  F.  Lieut.  Hon.  G.  V.  A. 

Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis.  Monckton- Arundell . 

Aides-de-Camp  to  the  Field-Marshal  in  Command  of  the  Troops. 
Capt.  Lord  Brooke,  M.V.O.     Capt.  A.  H.  Wood.     Capt.  E.  ff.  W.  Lascelles. 

Capt.  D.  C.  L- Stephen.     Lieut.  G.  R.     Lieut.  E.  Sheppard.    Capt.  J.  E.  Gibbs. 

Codrington. 

Royal  Grooms. 

The  Third  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  Fourth  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

THE  CEREMONY  IN  THE  ABBEY. 

AT  the  Abbey  the  scene  during  the  early  hours  had  been  one  of  great  activity 
' '        •  *      *.  •- 
and  interest.   Bishops^  'Nobles  and  Officers  of  State  had  been  gathering 

to  receive  Their  Majesties,  and  when  the  thunders  of  cheering  along  Whitehall 
announced  the  approach  of  the  Royal  Coach,  the  scene  was  one  at  once  of 

impressive  grajideur  and  loyal  enthusiasm.     The  Annexe,  which  was  identical 

•  *  -  >  .••  •     .. ,',  "•. 
with  that  erected  for  the  Coronation  of  King  Edward  VII.,  formed  a  fitting 

•  _.  »'  ""    ,-'.>  ., ,   • 

setting  for  the  royal  scene,  and  when  the  great  coach  drew  up,  a  lane  was 
formed  for  the  passage  of  Their  Majesties.  Lord  Roberts  and  Lord  Kitchener 
were  in  waiting, .  each  with  uplifted  sword,  with  the  two  Archbishops  of 
Canterbury  and.  York  ;  and  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, the  Lord  Chancellor  and  Lord  Rosebery  were  in  close  attendance. 
Within;  the  Abbey,  the  scene  was  transcendent.  The  glimmering 
light  from  -numberless  candelabra,  mingled  with  the  daylight  which  fell 
from  the  high  clerestory  windows,  filled  the  vast  building  with  a  mystic 
beauty.  In  the  nave,  the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard  leant  motionless  on  their 
halberds,  and  the  people  on  both  sides  were  thronged  tier  above  tier,  in 
galleries  draped  with  rich  valances  of  royal  blue  velvet  embossed  on  a  silver 
ground.  A  carpet  of  azure  blue  on  which  no  footfall  could  be  heard,  stretched 
from  the  west  door  to  the  end  of  the  choir,  its  rich  colour  broken  by  the 
radiant  shafts  of  light  from  the  coloured  windows. 


21 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

During  the  hours  of  waiting  before  the  Royal  arrivals,  the  Peers  and 
Peeresses  had  passed  in  twos  and  threes  to  their  allotted  seats  in  the  transepts, 
bearing  their  coronets  in  their  hands.  In  the  north  transept,  where  the 
Peeresses  were  seated,  the  miniver  of  their  furred  capes  only  partly  concealing 
the  crimson  of  their  robes,  while  diamonds  and  jewels  sparkled  on  head  and 
bosom,  the  effect  was  one  of  splendid  grace  and  beauty.  The  Peers  faced 
them  in  the  south  transept  in  the  order  of  their  degrees  of  nobility,  Dukes, 
Marquesses,  Earls,  Viscounts  and  Barons.  Above  the  Peers  and  Peeresses 
were  the  Commons  and  members  of  their  families.  The  Bishops  who  were 
not  taking  part  in  the  ceremonial  were  seated  in  a  double  row  on  the  north 
of  the  Sacrarium,  in  their  Convocation  robes,  while  the  Judges,  in  their 
vestments  of  state,  sat  in  a  gallery  at  the  north-east  angle  ;  in  all  a  great 
gathering  of  eight  thousand  people,  drawn  together  to  do  homage  to  their 
King. 

All  was  now  ready  for  the  Royal  Processions.  It  was  the  hour  for 
the  event.  To  the  magnificent  music  of  Bach's  chorale,  "  Ein  feste  Burg  is 
unser  Gott,"  set  to  the  hymn,  "  Rejoice  to-day  with  one  accord,"  the  procession 
of  the  Chapter  of  Westminster,  carrying  the  Regalia,  moved  from  the  door 
of  the  north  transept  and,  in  stately  pomp,  crown,  orb,  sceptres  and  all  the 
historic  regalia  were  borne  round  the  dai's  and  laid  slowly  and  reverently 
on  the  altar ;  then  the  procession  re-formed  and  carried  the  Regalia  along 
the  nave,  while  the  organ  pealed  forth  the  strains  of  the  grand  old  hymn, 
"  O  God,  our  help  in  ages  past." 

Then,  amid  dead  silence,  the  Royal  Processions  advanced  through 
the  western  door  of  the  Abbey.  First  came  the  Prince  of  Wales,  a  charming 
figure  of  boyish  stateliness,  followed  by  the  little  Princess  Mary  and  the 
other  Royal  children.  Then  the  Queen,  preceded  by  the  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury  in  his  rich  cope,  and  surrounded  by  her  lovely  maids  of  honour, 
entered  the  nave.  Her  gorgeous  train,  glowing  with  burnished  gold,  was 
borne  by  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire  and  her  six  ladies-in-waiting,  a  collar 
of  sparkling  jewels  at  her  throat.  Thousands  of  eager  eyes  followed  her 
stately  progress.  The  King's  Regalia  were  now  seen,  and  while  the  anthem, 
"  I  was  glad  when  they  said  unto  me,  We  will  go  into  the  House  of  the  Lord," 

22 


THE   CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

surged  through  the  aisle,  His  Majesty  advanced  up  the  nave  with  slow  and 
kingly  step.  In  his  crimson  robe  of  State  and  wearing  the  Collar  of  the 
Garter  and  the  Cap  of  Maintenance  he  passed  through  the  upstanding  people 
to  his  Chair  of  Estate  on  the  south  side  of  the  high  altar.  The  Queen  had 
preceded  him  to  her  Chair  of  Estate  near  the  dai's.  They  were  supported 
by  their  Bishops,  the  Bishops  of  Durham  and  of  Bath  and  Wells  on  either 
side  of  the  King,  and  the  Bishops  of  Oxford  and  of  Peterborough  of  the 
Queen.  At  the  altar  stood  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

The  following  is  the  official  order  of  the  three  Processions  through  the 
Abbey  :— 

PROCESSION  OF  ROYAI,  REPRESENTATIVES,  ROYAL  GUESTS  AND  THEIR  SUITES. 

On  arrival  at  the  west  door  the  Royal  Guests  were  received  by 
Colonel  Sir  Douglas  F.  R.  Dawson,  K.C.V.O.,  C.M.G.,  Comptroller,  Lord 
Chamberlain's  Department,  and  conducted  by  the  Hon.  Arthur  Walsh, 
C.V.O.,  Master  of  His  Majesty's  Ceremonies,  the  Hon.  R.  Moreton,  M.V.O., 
Marshal  of  His  Majesty's  Ceremonies,  Major  the  Hon.  G.  A.  Crichton, 
Assistant  Comptroller,  L,ord  Chamberlain's  Department,  and  R.  F.  Synge,  Esq., 
C.M.G.,  Deputy  Marshal  of  His  Majesty's  Ceremonies,  to  the  seats  provided 
for  them  in  the  Choir. 

Portcullis  Pursuivant.  Rouge  Dragon  Pursuivant. 

T.  M.  Joseph-Watkin,  Esq.  E.  Green,  Esq. 

Their  Imperial  and  Royal  Highnesses  the  German  Crown  Prince  and  Crown 

Princess, 

attended  by 
General  Field-Marshal  von  Plessen,  G.C.V.O.,  and  Countess  von  \Vedel. 

His  Imperial   Highness   the   Hereditary    Prince    Youssouf   Izzedin    Effendi 

of  Turkey, 

attended  by 
His  Excellency  Abdul-Hak  Hamid  Bey. 

His  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  Archduke  Charles  Francis  Joseph, 

attended  by 
His  Serene  Highness  Major-General  Prince  Alois  Schonburg-Hartenstein. 

23 


CORONATION     OF    KING    GEORGE     V. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Duke  and  Duchess  d'Aosta  of  Italy, 

attended  by 
Major-General  Commendatore  Settimio  Piacentini  and  Baroness  Maria  Perrone  di  San  Martino. 

His  Imperial  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  Boris  Vladimirovitch, 

attended  by 
Prince  Bielosselsky-Bielosersky,  G.C.V.O. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Infante  Don  Fernando  of  Spain, 

attended  by 
Marques  de  la  Mina,  G.C.V.O. 

Their  Imperial  Highnesses  the  Prince  and  Princess  Higashi-Fushimi  of  Japan, 

attended  by 
Admiral  Count  Heihachiro  Togo,  O.M.,  and  Madame  Kei-Ko-Miyaoka. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Crown  Prince  and  Crown  Princess  of  Greece, 

attended  by 
Major  Constantine  Levidis  and  Mile.  Contostavlos. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Roumania, 

attended  by 
Lieut. -Colonel  Berindei  and  Madame  Poenardo. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  Alexander  of  Servia, 

attended  by 
Mon.  Dragomir  Yaukovitch. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Denmark, 

attended  by 

Vice-Admiral  C.  F.  Wandel,  G.C.M.G. 
Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Crown  Prince  and  Crown  Princess  of  Sweden, 

attended  by 
General  Jungstedt  and  Mile,  de  Weidenheilm. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince  of  Bulgaria, 

attended  by 
Mon.  D.  Standoff. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Hereditary  Prince  Danilo  and  Princess  Militza 

of  Montenegro, 

attended  by 
Captain  Blajo  Vrbitza  and  Mile.  Olive  Daubeney. 


THE    CROWNING    IN     WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Chakrabhongs  of  Pitsanulok,  Heir  Presumptive 

of  Siam, 
attended  by 
l<ieut. -Colonel  Phra  Song  Suradej. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Grand  Duke  and  Grand  Duchess  of  Hesse, 

attended  by 
Major-General  Halm  and  Baroness  von  Rotsmann. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Grand  Duke  and  Grand  Duchess  of  Mecklenburg- 

Schwerin, 

attended  by 

Oberhofmeister  von  Koeckritz  and  Oberhofmeisterin  Grafm  von  Schwicheldt. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 

attended  by 
Count  Hahn. 

The  Hon.  John  Hays  Hammond  (Representative  of  the  President  of  the 

United  States  of  America), 

attended  by 
Major-General  Adolphus  W.  Greely. 

Vice- Admiral  Fauques  de  Jonquieres  (Representative  of  the  French  Republic), 

attended  by 
General  Dor  de  Lastours. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia, 

attended  by 
Vice- Admiral  Freiherr  von  Seckendorff. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Princess  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 

attended  by 
Lady  Waterlow. 

His  Highness  Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse   and  Her  Royal  Highness 
Princess  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse, 

attended  by 

Captain  Baron  G.  Sclienck  zu  Schweinsburg  and  the  Hon.  Hilda  Chich ester. 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  Albrecht  of  Wurtemburg, 

attended  by 
Baron  von  Bruselle-Schaubeck. 

25 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Rupprecht  of  Bavaria, 

attended  by 
Major  Count  zu  Pappenheim. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  Prince  and  Princess  Johann  George  of  Saxony, 

attended  by 
Baron  von  Sajza  und  I^ichtenau  and  Baroness  von  Finck. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Saxe-Coburg, 

attended  by 
Captain  von  Schack  and  Baroness  von  Thiina. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  the  Netherlands  (Duke  of  Mecklenburg), 

attended  by 
Count  W.  P.  de  Bylandt. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George  of  Greece  (Son  of  the  Crown  Prince), 
Their  Royal  Highnesses  Prince  and  Princess  George  of  Greece, 

attended  by 
Captain  C.  Lembesis  and  Mrs.  Godfrey-Faussett. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Hereditary  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 

attended  by 
Count  Hahn. 

His   Royal  Highness  Duke  George  William   of  Brunswick   and   Luneburg, 

attended  by 
Hausmarschall  Graf  Grote. 

His  Royal  Highness  Duke  Ernest  Augustus  of  Brunswick  and  L,uneburg, 

attended  by 
Hausmarschall  Graf  Grote. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Philip  of  Saxe-Coburg. 

His  Grand  Ducal  Highness  Prince  Maximilian  and  Her  Royal  Highness  Princess 

Maximilian  of  Baden, 

attended  by 

Baron  von  und  zu  Mentzingen  and  Baroness  Emma  von  Racknitz. 
His  Highness  Duke  Ernst  Gunther  of  Schleswig-Holstein, 

attended  by 
Baron  von  Rochow. 

26 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

His  Highness  Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg. 
His  Highness  Prince  Tsai  Chen  of  China, 

attended  by 
Manchu  Brigadier-General  Chow  Tzu-chi. 

Dejasmatch  Kassa  of  Ethiopia, 

attended  by 
Nagadras  Hasbi. 

His  Highness  Prince  Mohamed  AH  Pasha  of  Egypt, 

attended  by 
His  Excellency  Hussein  Rushdi  Pasha. 

His  Serene  Highness  the  Hereditary  Prince  of  Monaco, 

attended  by 
Count  Balny  d'Avricourt. 

PROCESSION  OF  THEIR  ROYAL  HIGHNESSES  THE  PRINCES  AND  PRINCESSES 

OF  THE  BLOOD  ROYAL. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Princes  and  Princesses  of  the  Blood  Royal, 
on  arrival  at  the  west  door  of  the  Abbey,  were  joined  by  the  ladies  and 
gentlemen  in  attendance,  and  conducted  to  the  seats  reserved  for  them  in 
the  Royal  Box  by  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Spencer  C.  B.  Ponsonby-Fane,  G.C.B., 
and  lyieut.-Colonel  Arthur  Collins,  C.B.,  M.V.O.,  Gentlemen  Ushers  to  the 
King. 

Bluemantle  Pursuivant,     Rouge  Croix  Pursuivant, 
G.  W.  Wollaston,  Esq.,  M.V.O.  A.  W.  S.  Cochrane,  Esq. 

Lieut.-Colonel  Arthur  Collins.,  C.B.,  M.V.O. 
The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Spencer  C.  B.  Ponsonby-Fane,  G.C.B.  (P.C.). 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales,  K.G., 

his  train  borne  by 

Lord  Ashley, 

his  Coronet  by 

The  Lord  Revelstoke  (P.C.)  (whose  Coronet  was  borne  by  the  Hon.  Ivo  Grenfell). 

27 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert. 
His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Henry. 
His  Royal  Highness  Prince  George. 
Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Mary, 

attended  by 
Lady  Bertha  Dawkins. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Royal,  with  Their  Highnesses   Princesses 

Alexandra  and  Maud, 

her  train  borne  by 

The  Lady  Farqnhar, 

her  Coronet  borne  by 

Lieut.-Colonel  11.  R.  Dietz. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Helena  (Princess  Christian  of  vSchleswig- 

Holstein) , 
her  train  borne  by 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Dick-Cunyngham  (Lady  in  Waiting), 

her  Coronet  borne  by 
Major  'Evan  Martin,  M.V.O.  (Comptroller), 

with  Her  Highness  the  Princess  Victoria, 

attended  by 
Miss  Emily  Loch  (Lady  in  Waiting), 

and  Her  Highness  the  Princess  Marie  Louise, 

attended  by 
Miss  Hawkes  (Lady  in  Waiting)  and  Captain  H.  Greer. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Louise  (Duchess  of  Argyll), 

her  train  borne  by 
Hon.  Violet  Douglas-Pennant, 

her  Coronet  borne  by 
Major  the  Hon.  Murrough  O'Brien. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Beatrice  (Princess  Henry  of  Battenberg) , 

her  train  borne  by 
Miss  Minnie  Cochrane  (Lady  in  Waiting), 

her  Coronet  borne  by 
Victor  Seymour  Corkran,  Esq.,  C.V.O.  (Comptroller). 

28 


KING'S  COLOUR,  WITH  THE  SERGEANTS  WHO  WERE  ON  DUTY  AT  THE  CORONATION 

WITHIN   THE   ABBEY. 


CORONATION    OF     KING    GEORGE    V. 

Her  Imperial  and  Royal  Highness  the  Dowager  Duchess  of  Saxe-Coburg  and 

Gotha  (Duchess  of  Edinburgh), 

her  train  borne  by 

Fraulein  von  Passarant, 

her  Coronet  borne  by 

Herr  von  Vignau. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Connaught  and  Strathearn,  with  Her 
Royal  Highness  the  Princess  Victoria  Patricia, 

their  trains  borne  by 
Miss  Evelyn  Pelly  (Lady  in  Waiting)  and  Miss  Clementina  Adam  (Lady  in  Waiting), 

their  Coronets  borne  by 
Major  Malcolm  Murray,  C.V.O.  (Comptroller),  and  Captain  the  Hon.  Myles  Ponsonby,  M.V.O. 

Her  Royal  Highness  the  Duchess  of   Albany, 

her  train  borne  by 
Lady  Evelyn  Moreton  (Lady  in  Waiting), 

her  Coronet  borne  by 
Captain  Edward  Seymour,  M.V.O.  (Comptroller). 

Her  Royal  Highness  Princess  Alice  (Princess  Alexander  of  Teck), 

her  train  borne  by 
Miss  Ethel  Heron-Maxwell, 

her  Coronet  borne  by 
Captain  Lord  Alastair  Innes-Ker. 

Her  Grand  Ducal  Highness  Princess  L,ouis  of  Battenberg, 

attended  by 
Miss  Nona  Kerr  (Lady  in  Waiting)  and  Commander  P.  Beamish,  R.N., 

with  Her  Serene  Highness  Princess  L,ouise  of  Battenberg. 

His  Highness  Prince  Alexander  of  Battenberg. 

His  Highness  Prince  Leopold  of  Battenberg. 

His  Highness  Prince  Maurice  of  Battenberg. 

Her  Serene  Highness  the  Duchess  of  Teck  with  Their  Serene  Highnesses  the 

Princesses  Victoria  and  Helena. 
His  Serene  Highness  Prince  George  of  Battenberg. 
Her   Serene  Highness  the   Princess  Victor   of  Hohenlohe-L,angenburg 
and  the  Countesses  Feo  and  Helena  Gleichen  and  Countess  Valda  Machell, 
having  arrived  previously,  were  shown  to  their  seats  in  the  Royal  Box. 

30 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

procession  of  ftbeir  flDajesttcs  Iking  (Beorge  ID.  anb  <&ueen 

On  arrival  at  the  west  entrance  of  the  Abbey  Their  Majesties  were 
received  by  the  Great  Officers  of  State,  the  Lords  bearing  the  Regalia,  and 
the  Bishops  carrying  the  Paten,  the  Chalice,  and  the  Bible. 

Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Princes  of  the  Royal  Blood,  together  with 
the  Peers  and  others  who  arrived  with  Their  Majesties,  but  who  did  not  form 
part  of  the  following  procession,  passed  to  their  seats  in  the  Abbey. 

His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Connaught  was  attended  by  Captain 
T.  H.  Rivers  Bulkeley,  C.M.G.,  M.V.O.,  Equerry,  carrying  his  Coronet, 
Sir  Maurice  FitzGerald,  Bart.,  C.V.O.  (Knight  of  Kerry),  Extra  Equerry, 
and  by  his  Page,  L,ord  Erskine. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught  was  attended  by 
Eric  Bonham,  Esq.,  Equerry,  carrying  his  Coronet,  and  by  his  Page,  Viscount 
Kneb  worth. 

His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Christian  was  attended  by  Captain  Cyril 
Hankey. 

The  Toadies  of  Her  Majesty's  Household  and  the  Officers  of  the  Royal 
Household,  to  whom  duties  were  not  assigned  in  the  solemnity,  passed  to 
the  places  prepared  for  them  respectively. 

Their  Majesties  then  advanced  up  the  nave  into  the  choir,  the  choristers 
in  the  orchestra  singing  the  anthem,  "  I  was  glad  when  they  said  unto  me, 
We  will  go  into  the  House  of  the  Lord." 

Abbey  Beadle  : 
Mr.  Rice. 

Chaplains  in  Ordinary  : 

Rev.  Henry  Gee,  D.D.  Yen.  H.  S.  Wood,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  the 
Ven.  F.  B.  Westcott,  M.A.,  Archdeacon  of  Fleet. 

Norwich.  Rev.  M.  E.  Kennedy,  M.V.O.,  M.A. 

Rev.  Canon  William  Sanday,  D.D.  Rev.  Francis  A.  S.  Ffolkes,  M.V.O.,  M.A. 

Rev.  Canon  the  Hon.  L.  F.  Tyrwhitt,  M.V.O.,  Rev.  Canon  Clement  Smith,  M.V.O.,  M.A. 

M.A.  Rev.  Canon  T.  T.  Shore,  M.A. 
Rev.  J.  H.  J.  Ellison,  M.A. 


Cr 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Domestic  Chaplains  : 

Rev.  F.  P.  Farrar,  M.A.  Rev.  Canon  J.  N.  Dalton,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G.,  M  A. 

Rev.  Canon  Edgar  Sheppard,  C.V.O.,  D.D.,  Sub-Dean  of  the  Chapels  Royal. 

Very  Rev.  P.  F.  Eliot,  K.C.V.O.,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Windsor. 

The  Prebendaries'  Verger  : 

Mr.  Edwin  Kemp. 

Cross  of  Westminster  : 

borne  by 
Rev.  Jocelyn  Perkins,  M.A.,  Sacrist. 

Prebendaries  of  Westminster  : 

Rev.  Canon  S.  A.  Barnett,  M.A.  Rev.  Canon  H.  C.  Beeching,  D.Litt. 

Rev.  Canon  H.  H.  Henson,  D.D.  Yen.  A.  B.  O.  Wilberforce,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  West- 

[minster. 
Rev.  Canon  R.  Duckworth,  C.V.O.,  D.D. 

The  Dean's  Verger  : 

Mr.  D.  Weller. 

Dean  of  Westminster, 

Right  Rev.  Bishop  H.  E.  Ryle,  D.D., 

attended  by  his  Chaplain.  Rev.  Maurice  FitzGerald.  M.A. 

Carnarvon  Pursuivant  Fitzalan  Pursuivant 

Extraordinary,  Extraordinary, 

Keith  \V.  Murray,  Esq.  Algar  H.  S.  Howard,  Esq. 

Athlone  Pursuivant,  March  Pursuivant,  Unicorn  Pursuivant, 

G.  D.  Burtchaell,  Esq.          Captain  G.  S.  Campbell-Swinton.  J.  H.  Stevenson,  Esq. 

Officers  of  the  Orders  of  Knighthood  : 

Gentleman  Usher  of  the  Registrar  of  the  Order  of  St.  Michael 

Blue  Rod,  and  St.  George, 

vSir  William  A.  Baillie-Hamilton,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B.  Sir  Charles  P.  Lucas,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B. 

King  of  Arms  of  the  Order  of  St.         Secretary  of  the  Order  of  St.  Michael 

Michael  and  St.  George,  and  St.  George, 

Sir  Montagu  F.  Ommanney,  G.C.M.G.,  K.C.B.       Sir  Francis  J.  S.  Hopwood,  G.C.M.G.,  K.C.P. 

Prelate  of  the  Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  George, 

Right  Rev.  Bishop  H.  H.  Montgomery,  D.D. 
32 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

Secretary  of  the  Order  of  St.  Patrick,     Secretary  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle, 
Major  G.  F.  W.  Lambart,  C.V.O.  Sir  Duncan  A.  I).  Campbell,  Bart.,  C.V.O. 

Cork  Herald,  Dublin  Herald, 

Captain  R.  A.  L.  Keith.  G.  O'Grady,  Esq. 

Albany  Herald,  Ross  Herald,  Rothesay  Herald, 

W.  R.  Macdonald,  Esq.  Andrew  Ross,  Esq.  F.  J.  Grant,  Esq. 


Comptroller  of  the  Household, 
The  Earl  of  Liverpool,  M.V.O., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Edmund  Nicholas  Prideaux-Brune,  Esq. 

The  Standard  of  the  Union  of 
South  Africa, 

borne  by 
The  Earl  of  Selborne,  K.G.,  G.C.M.G.  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Hon.  William  Jocelyn  Lewis  Palmer. 

The  Standard  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Australia, 
borne  by 


Treasurer  of  the  Household, 
W.  Dudley  Ward,  Esq.,  M.P. 


The  Standard  of  the  Dominion  of 
New  Zealand, 

borne  by 
The  Lord  Plunket,  G.C.M.G.,  K.C.V.O., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Hon.  Terence  Conyngham  Plunket. 

The  Standard  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada, 
borne  by 


The  Lord  Northcote,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E.,  C.15.      The  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  K.T.,  G.C.M.G.  (P. C.), 


(P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Hon.  Charles  Arthur  Uryan  Rice. 


his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Edward  Marjoribanks,  Esq. 


The  Standard  of  the  Empire  of  India, 

borne  by 

The  Lord  Curzon  of  Kedleston,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.I.E.  (P.C.), 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Richard  Nathaniel  Curzon,  Esq. 

The  Standard  of  the  Principality  of  Wales, 

borne  by 

The  Lord  Mostyn, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Hon.  Henry  Ralph  Hardinge. 


33 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

The  Standard  of  Ireland,  The  Standard  of  Scotland, 

borne  by  borne  by 

O'Conor  Don.  l,ieut. -Colonel  H.  Scrymgeour-Wedderburn . 

acting  for 
H.  S.  Scrymgeour-Wedderburn,  Esq. 

The  Standard  of  England, 

borne  by 
Frank  S.  Dymoke,  Esq. 

The  Standard  of  Union, 

borne  by 

The  Duke  of  Wellington,  K.G.,  G.C.V.O., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Arthur  James,  Esq. 

The  Royal  Standard, 

borne  by 

The  Marquess  of  I.ansdowne,  K.G.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I. E.  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Hon.  David  Brand. 

Vice-Chamberlain  of  the  Household, 
Hon.  Geoffrey  Howard,  M.P. 

Keeper  of  the  Jewel  House,  bearing  on  a  cushion  the  two  Ruby  Rings  and 

the  Sword  for  the  Offering, 

Admiral  the  Hon.  Sir  Hedworth  Lambton,  K.C.B.,  K.C.V.O., 

acting  for 
General  Sir  Robert  Cunliffe  Low,  G.C.B. 

Four  Knights  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter  appointed  to  hold  the  Canopy  for  the 

King's  Anointing  : 

The  Earl  of  Minto,  K.G.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  The  Earl  of  Crewe,  K.G.  (P.C.), 

G.C.I.E.  (P.C.),  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  Preston  Graham,  Esq. 

Hon.  Esmond  Elliot. 

The  Earl  of  Rosebery,  K.G.,  K.T.  (P.C.),  The  Earl  Cadogan,  K.G.  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

John  G.  Fortescue,  Esq.  Hon.  William  George  Edward  Brownlow. 

34 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

The  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the  The  Lord  Steward  of  the 

Household,  Household, 

The  Earl  Spencer  (P.C.),  The  Earl  of  Chesterfield  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Hon.  George  Charles  Spencer.  Ferdinand  Fairfax,  Esq. 

The  Lord  President  of  the  Council,  The  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland, 

The  Viscount  Morley  of  Blackburn,  O.M.  (P.C.),     The  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Samuel  Walker,  Bart.  (P.C.), 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  attended  by  his  Purse-Bearer,  C.  MacIYaughlin , 

Peter  Reid,  Esq.  Esq. 

The  Prime  Minister, 
The  Right  Hon.  Herbert  H.  Asquitli  (P.C.). 

Cross  of  York  : 

borne  by 
Rev.  Wilfrid  Parker,  M.A. 

The  Archbishop  of  York  (P.C.), 

attended  by 
Rev.  A.  Stafford  Cravvley,  M.A. 

The  Lord  High  Chancellor, 

The  Lord  Loreburn,  G.C.M.G.  (P.C.), 

attended  by  his  Purse-Bearer,  Edward  Preston,  Esq.  ;  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Thomas  Tyrwhitt-Drake,  Esq. 

Cross  of  Canterbury  : 

borne  by 
Rev.  J.  V.  Macmillan,  M.A. 

The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  G.C.V.O.  (P.C.), 

attended  by 
Rev.  E.  L.  A.  Hertslet,  M.A.,  and  Rev.  C.  Jenkins,  M.A. 

Bluemantle  Pursuivant,  Rouge  Croix  Pursuivant, 

G.  W.  Wollaston,  Esq.,  M.V.O.  .        A.  W.  S.  Cochrane,  Esq. 

Portcullis  Pursuivant,  Rouge  Dragon  Pursuivant, 

T.  M.  Joseph-Watkin,  Esq.  E.  Green,  Esq. 

35 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

THE  QUEEN'S  REGALIA. 

The  Ivory  Rod  with        Lord  Chamberlain  of       The  Sceptre  with  the  Cross, 
the  Dove,  Her  Majesty's  Household,  borne  In- 

borne  by  The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  K.C. V.O. ,     The  Marquess  of  Waterford,  K.P. , 

The  Earl  of  Durham,  K.G.,     his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,         his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Victor  Warrender,  Esq.  Earl  of  Tyrone. 

Page, 
R.  Geoffrey  H.  Rawson,  Esq. 

Sergeant-at-Arms,  Her  Majesty's  Crown,  Sergeant-at-Arms, 

Captain  Sir  William  Goldsmith,  R.N.  borne  by  R.  Edgcumbe,  Esq. 

The  Duke  of  Devonshire  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Naval  Cadet  George  Sydney  Godolphin  Cavendish. 

§  ^  Sfoe  <SUieen  p   |  ar 

in  Her  Royal  Robes.  P.    js    K 

~  <!  *5J  ^  8» 

g    +j        The  Bishop  Her  Majesty's  Train          The  Bishop       |i"   £  3 

o    rt     §  of  borne  by  of  n?    I    o 

m  ^  B  3   -  y 

J£j  d  ju  Peterborough.     The  Mistress  of  the  Robes,         Oxford.  £  K^g 

•^   "3  §  The  Duchess  of  Devonshire,  ft  .     n> 

•§  a;  assisted  by  P  ft    §. 

^  <T  Lady  Eileen  Butler.                                 Lady  Mabell  Ogilvy.  >  S"   ^ 

c  ^  Lady  Eileen  Knox.                                   Lady  Dorothy  Browne.  g  o  "pi" 

g  Lady  Victoria  Carrington.  Lady  Mary  Dawson.  '  ^   P 

The  Coronet  of  the  Mistress  of  the  Robes  carried  by  her  Page, 
Hon.  Thomas  Henry  Brand. 

Ladies  of  the  Bedchamber  in  Waiting,  viz.  :— 
The  Countess  of  Minto.  The  Countess  of  Shaftesbury. 

The  Lady  Desborough.  The  Lady  Ampthill. 

Women  of  the  Bedchamber,  viz.  : — 

Lady  Mary  Trefusis.  Lady  Eva  Dugdale. 

Lad}'  Katharine  Coke. 

Maids  of  Honour,  viz.  :— 

Hon.  Venetia  Baring.  Hon.  Sybil  Brodrick. 

Hon.  Mabel  Gye.  Hon.  Katherine  Villiers. 

36 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 


Treasurer  to  the  Queen, 

Hon.  A.  X.  Hood,  C.V.O. 


Equerry  to  the  Queen, 
Lieut. -Colonel  F.  Dugdale,  C.V.O. 


Vice-Chamberlain  to  the  Queen, 

The  Lord  Herschell,  M.V.O., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Gerald  Verney,  Esq. 

Private  Secretary  to  the  Queen, 

E.  W.  Wellington,  Esq.,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G. 


York  Herald, 
G.  A.  Lee,  Esq. 


Richmond  Herald, 
C.  H.  Athill,  Esq. 


Windsor  Herald, 
W.  A.  Lindsay,  Esq.,  K.C. 


THE  KING'S  REGALIA. 
St.  Edward's  Staff,  The  Sceptre  with  the  Cross, 

borne  by 
The  Duke  of  Argyll,  K.G.,  K.T.,  G.C.M.G.,  G. C.V.O. 

(P.C.), 
Heritable  Master  of  His  Majesty's  Household  in 

Scotland, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
His  Serene  Highness  Prince  George  of  Teck. 


borne  by 

The  Duke  of  Roxburghe,  K.T.,  M.V.O 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Hon.  Cecil  Richard  Molyneux. 


A  Golden  Spur, 

borne  by 

The  Lord  Grey  de  Ruthyn, 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Viscount  Westport. 


A  Golden  Spur, 

borne  by 

The  Earl  of  Loudoun, 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Edward  Hastings,  Esq. 


Curtana, 
borne  by 

The  Duke  of  Beaufort, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his 

Page,  Marquess  of 

Worcester. 


The  Third  Sword, 

borne  by 

Field-Marshal  the  Viscount 
Kitchener  of  Khartoum,  G.C.B., 
O.M.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G., 

G.C.I.E., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Thomas  Arthur  Renshaw,  Esq. 

Norroy  King  of          Ulster  King  of 
Arms,  Arms, 

W".  H.  \Veldon,  Esq.,     Captain  X.  R.  Wilkinson.     Sir  James  B.  Paul. 
C.V.O. 


The  Second  Sword, 

borne  by 
Field-Marshal  The  Earl  Roberts, 

K.G.,  K.P.,  G.C.B.,  O.M., 
G.C.S.I.,  G.C.I.E.,  V.C.  (P.C.), 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
David  Dawnay,  Esq. 


Lyon  King  of 
Arms, 


Clarenceux  King  of 
Arms, 

H.  F.  Burke,  Esq., 

C.V.O.,  Somerset 

Herald,  acting  for 

Clarenceux. 


37 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 


The  lyord  Mayor  of  Garter  King  of  Arms,       Gentleman  Usher  of  the 

London,  in  his  Robe,      Sir  Alfred  S.  Scott-Gatty,  C.V.O.  Black  Rod, 

Collar  and  Jewel,  Admiral  Sir  Henry  F.  Stephenson, 

bearing  the  City  Mace,  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.B. 

Right  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  V.  Strong. 

The  Lord  Great  Chamberlain  of  England, 
The  Earl  Carrington,  K.G.,  G.C.M.G.  (P.C.), 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Viscount  Wen dover. 


The  High  Constable  of  Ireland, 
The  Duke  of  Abercorn,  K.G.,  C.B.  (P.C.), 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Peter  Hamilton,  Esq. 

The  lyord  High  Steward  of  Ireland, 
The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  K.C.V.O., 

with  his  White  Staff, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Lord  Stewart. 


The  High  Constable  of  Scotland, 

The  Earl  of  Enroll,  K.T.,  C.B., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Hon.  Josslyn  Victor  Hay. 

The  Great  Steward  of  Scotland, 

The  Earl  of  Crawford,  K.T., 
as  Deputy  to  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Rothesay 

(The  Prince  of  Wales), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

David,  Master  of  1/indsay. 


The  Earl  Marshal  of  The  Sword  of  State,  The  Lord  High  Constable 

England,  borne  by  of  England, 

The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  K.G.,  The  Earl  Beauchamp,  K.C.M.G.  The  Duke  of  Fife,  K.G.,  K.T., 

G.C.V.O.  (P.C.),  with  his  Baton,  (P.C.),                       G.C.  V.O.  (P.C.),  with  his  Staff, 

attended  by  his  two  Pages,  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  attended  by  his  two  Pages, 

L,eo  Ward,  Esq.,  Viscount  Elmley. 
Richard  Hope,  Esq. 


Hon.  Oliver  Frederick 

George  Stanley, 
Nigel  C.  Musgrave,  Esq. 

The  Orb, 

borne  by 
The  Duke  of  Somerset, 


The  Sceptre  with  the  Dove,     St.  Edward's  Crown, 

borne  by  borne  by 

The  Duke  of  Richmond,        The  Duke  of  Northumberland, 
K.G.,  G.C.V.O.,  C.B.,         K.G.  (P.C.).  Lord  High  Steward,   his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,       attended  by  his  two  Pages,  J  ames  Browne,  Esq. 

l,ord  Settrington.  Ivord  Ossulston, 

Mortimer  H.  M.  Durand,  Esq. 


3« 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

The  Paten,  The  Bible,  The  Chalice, 

borne  by  borne  by  borne  by 

The  Bishop  of  London.        The  Bishop  of  Ripon.      The  Bishop  of  Winchester. 


l-i  O 

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i-  o 

o5  M3 


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fl    -t! 
08    O2 

t/2    15 


tn 


rt 

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a 
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The  Bishop 
of 


a3 


Iking 

in  His  Royal  Crimson 

Robe  of  State, 
wearing  the  Collar 

of  the  Garter, 
Bath  and  Wells,    on  his  Head  the  Cap 

of  State, 
His  Majesty's  Train 

borne  by 
The  Earl  of  Airlie. 

The  I/ord  Romilly. 
A.  E.  I/owther,  Esq. 
V.  A.  C.  Harbord,  Esq. 


The  Bishop  of 
Durham. 


Q 
ro 


B 

(T) 

3 

P 


w 
w 

9  g 

p!_,  o 

H-  3 

pj  CD 


Marquess  of  Hartington.  j^ 

3 

Viscount  Crauborne.  & 

Hon.  E.  G.  W.  T.  Knollys 
W.  H.  E.  Campbell,  Esq. 
assisted  by 

the  Master  of  the  Robes, 

The  Viscount  Churchill,  G.C.V.O., 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

George  Charles  Brassey,  Esq., 

and  followed  by  the 

Groom  of  the  Robes, 

H.  D.  Erskine  of  Cardross,  Esq.,  C.V.O. 

Vice-Admiral    of    the          Master  of  the  Horse,         Gold  Stick  in  Waiting, 
United  Kingdom,          The  Earl  of  Granard,  K.P.  (P.C.),    Ivieut.-General  the  Earl  of 
Admiral  Sir  Michael  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,     Dundonald,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B., 

Culme-Seymour,  Bart.,  G.C.B.,  Hon.  Francis  Walter  Erskine.    his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
G.C.V.O.  (Admiral  in  Waiting).  Hon.  Victor  Cochrane-Baillie. 

Captain-General  of  the  Royal  Archer  Guard  of  Scotland,  and  Gold  Stick  of 

Scotland, 

The  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  K.G.,  K.T.  (P.C.),  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
Hon.  William  Walter  Scott. 


39 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Rear-Admiral  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
Admiral  the  Hon.  Sir  Edmund  R.  Fremantle,  G.C.B.,  C.M.G. 

General  Sir  E.  G.  Barrow,  G.C.B.,  General  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  N.  G.  Lyttelton , 

Indian  Army.  G.C.B.  (P.C.). 

Captain  of  the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard,     Captain  of  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen- 

The  Lord  Allendale  (P.C.),  at- Arms, 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page,  The  Lord  Denman,  K.C.V.O.   (P.C.), 

Hon.  Ralph  Edward  Blackett  Beaumont.  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

John  Denman  Barlow,  Esq. 

Keeper  of  His  Majesty's  Privy  Purse,  L/ord  in  Waiting, 

Lieut. -Colonel  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  William  H.  P.  The  Lord  Annaly,  C.V.O., 

Carington,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B.  (P.C.).  his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 

Lord  Ivor  C.  Spencer-Churchill. 

Private  Secretary  to  the  King,  Private  Secretary  to  the  King, 

Lieut. -Colonel  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Arthur  J.  Bigge,    The  Lord  Knollys,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.M.G. 
G.C.V.O.,  K.C.B.,  K.C.S.I.,  K.C.M.G.  (P.C.).  (P.C.), 

his  Coronet  carried  by  his  Page, 
J.  G.  Pole-Carew,  Esq. 

Crown  Equerry,  Comptroller  L,ord  Chamberlain's 

Captain  the  Hon.  W.  C.  Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,  Department, 

C.V.O.  Colonel  Sir  Douglas  F.  R.  Dawson,  K.C.V.O., 

C.M.G. 

Groom  in  Waiting, 
Sir  Walter  D.  S.  Campbell,  K.C.V.O. 

Equerry  to  the  King,  Equerry  to  the  King, 

Lieut. -Colonel  Sir  Frederick  E.  G.  Ponsonby,          Commander  Sir  Charles  L-  Cust,  Bart., 
K.C.V.O.,  C.B.  C.B.,  C.M.G.,  C.I.E.,  M.V.O.,  R.N. 

Field  Officer  in  Brigade  Waiting,  Silver  Stick  in  Waiting, 

Lieut-Colonel  C.  FitzClarence,  V.C.  Lieut-Colonel  E.  B.  Cook,  M.V.O. 

Ensign  of  the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard,        Lieutenant  of  the  Yeomen  of  the 
Major  E.  H.  Elliot,  M.V.O.  Guard, 

Colonel  Sir  R.  Hennell,  C.V.O.,  D.S.O. 


THE  ARCHBISHOPS  OF  CANTERBURY  AND  OF  YORK. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Exons  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Cheque  to  the  Exon  of  the 

Yeomen  of  the  Guard  :      Yeomen  of  the  Guard,        Yeomen  of  the  Guard, 

Captain  Colin  W.  MacRae,         Captain  Houston  French.      Colonel  I'.  H.  cle  Sales  I.aTerriere. 
Lieut.-Col.  Cecil  Wray,  M.V.O. 

Twenty  Yeomen  of  the  Guard. 

THE   RECOGNITION. 

All  being  in  their  appointed  places,  the  Archbishop  now  approached 
the  King  in  order  to  present  him  to  his  people.  The  King  advanced  to 
the  Sacrarium,  confronting  the  whole  congregation  and,  that  he  might  be 
the  better  seen,  removed  his  Cap  of  Maintenance.  Turning  to  the  east 
part  of  the  theatre  the  Archbishop  spoke  : 

Sirs,  I  here  present  unto  you  King  George,  the  undoubted  King  of  this 
Realm  :  Wherefore  all  of  you  who  are  come  this  day  to  do  your 
homage  and  service,  are  you  willing  to  do  the  same  ? 

The  answering  response,  "  God  Save  King  George,"  filled  the  Abbey. 
Then  the  Archbishop  turned  to  the  other  sides  of  the  theatre,  south,  west 
and  north  in  order,  and  spoke  the  same  words  to  the  people,  who  loudly 
responded,  and  a  fanfare  of  trumpets  closed  this  point  of  the  ceremony. 

Hitherto  all  had  been  the  pageantry  of  earthly  state.  The  sound  of 
the  trumpets  faded  away  and  preparation  was  made  for  the  religious  ceremony. 
The  Bishop  of  Ripon,  bearing  the  great  Bible,  the  Bishop  of  London,  bearing 
the  Chalice,  and  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  bearing  the  Paten,  advanced 
to  the  altar  and  their  sacred  charges  were  laid  thereon  by  the  Archbishop. 
Next  the  bearers  of  the  King's  Regalia  did  similar  service  ;  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland  carrying  St.  Edward's  Crown,  the  Duke  of  Somerset  the 
Orb,  the  Duke  of  Richmond  the  Sceptre  with  the  Dove,  the  Duke  of  Argyll 
the  Sceptre  with  the  Cross,  the  Duke  of  Roxburghe  St.  Edward's  Rod,  the 
Earl  of  lyoudoun  and  Lord  Grey  de  Ruthyn  the  Spurs.  These  were  followed 
by  the  bearers  of  the  Queen's  Regalia  ;  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  bearing 
the  Queen's  Crown,  the  Marquess  of  Waterford  the  Sceptre  with  the  Cross, 
and  the  Earl  of  Durham  the  Ivory  Rod  with  the  Dove.  All  these  were 
handed  by  the  Archbishop  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster,  who  placed  them 
on  the  altar. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

The  King  now  knelt  bareheaded  at  his  faldstool  on  the  south  of  the 
altar.  The  Litany  was  sung,  and  after  the  Archbishop  had  offered  the  Special 
Collect  used  only  in  the  Coronation  Service,  the  congregation  rose  while 
the  Gospel  (St.  Matthew  xxii.  15)  was  read  by  the  Bishop  of  London.  A  brief 
sermon  was  then  delivered  by  the  Archbishop  of  York,  from  the  text  (St.  Luke 
xxii.  27),  "  I  am  among  you  as  he  that  serveth." 

THE    OATH. 

And  now  the  Archbishop,  crossing  from  his  chair,  approached  the 
King,  who,  sitting  in  his  Chair  of  Estate,  and  holding  the  Bible  in  his  hands, 
solemnly  gave  the  three  pledges  of  the  Oath,  viz.  :— 

ARCHBISHOP  :  Will  you  solemnly  promise  and  swear  to  govern  the  people 
of  this  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  Dominions 
thereto  belonging,  according  to  the  Statutes  of  Parliament  agreed 
on,  and  the  respective  laws  and  customs  of  the  same  ? 

KING  :    I  solemnly  promise  so  to  do. 

ARCHBISHOP  :  Will  you  to  your  power  cause  law  and  justice,  in  mercy, 
to  be  executed  in  all  your  judgments  ? 

KING  :    I  will. 

ARCHBISHOP  :  Will  you  to  the  utmost  of  your  power  maintain  the  Laws 
of  God,  the  true  profession  of  the  Gospel,  and  the  Protestant  Reformed 
Religion  established  by  law  ?  And  will  you  maintain  and  preserve 
inviolably  the  settlement  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  the  doctrine, 
worship,  discipline  and  government  thereof,  as  by  law  established  in 
England  ?  And  will  you  preserve  unto  the  Bishops  and  Clergy  of 
England,  and  to  the  Churches  there  committed  to  their  charge,  all 
such  rights  and  privileges,  as  by  law  do  or  shall  appertain  to  them, 
or  any  of  them  ? 

KING  :    All  this  I  promise  to  do. 

Hereupon  the  King  rose,  and,  with  his  Bishops  on  each  side,  the  Sword 
of  State  carried  before  him,  and  the  Lord  Great  Chamberlain  in  attendance, 
approached  the  altar,  where  he  kneeled  bareheaded.  The  Archbishop  placed 


0  a 

•Kg 
y  :« 


°iio 
—     x 


SH          3     «     >^ 

O     §w  2 

x  'e^ 

=      S3-3 


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§    1=3'° 


S  m ^ 

G  *  u  M 

~  "3  "  •— 

PH  CJ 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

before  him  the  Bible  opened,  and  the  King,  laying  his  hand  thereon,  spoke 
these  words  :— 

The  things  which    I    have  here   before    promised,   I    will    perform, 
and  keep.     So  help  me  God. 

He  then  kissed  the  Book,  and  a  copy  of  the  Oath  being  presented  in  a 
silver  standish,  the  King  signed  his  name  to  it,  and  returned  in  state  to  his 
Chair. 

THE    ANOINTING. 

After  the  anthem  "  Veni  Creator"  had  been  sung  and  the  special  prayer 
had  been  said,  followed  by  the  triumphant  music  of  "  Zadok  the  Priest  " 
by  the  orchestra  and  the  choir,  the  King  rose  from  his  faldstool  where  he 
had  been  kneeling.  His  cap  and  great  Royal  robe  of  crimson  velvet  and  fur 
were  removed  by  the  Lord  Chamberlain  and  the  Master  of  the  Robes,  and  in 
the  crimson  satin  under-robe,  reaching  to  the  knee,  he  came  to  where  stood 
the  Chair  of  King  Edward,  the  Coronation  Chair  of  all  the  Kings  of  Great 
Britain,  with  the  Stone  of  Scone  beneath  its  seat,  and  sat  facing  eastwards, 
surrounded  by  his  Bishops,  his  Knights  of  the  Garter — Lords  Cadogan, 
Rosebery,  Crewe  and  Minto — holding  the  glittering  pall  of  cloth  of  gold 
above  his  head.  From  the  altar  came  the  Archbishop,  the  Dean  of  West- 
minster, and  the  Bishops  of  London,  Winchester  and  Ripon,  the  Dean  bearing 
the  Ampulla  and  the  Spoon.  From  the  former  the  Archbishop  poured  some 
of  the  oil — the  same  oil  used  for  the  anointing  of  King  Edward  VII. — into  the 
spoon  and  poured  a  drop  on  the  King's  head,  making  thereon  the  sign  of  the 
Cross,  with  the  words  :— 

Be  thy  head  anointed  with  holy  Oil,  as  Kings,  priests  and  prophets 
were  anointed. 

Then  dipping  his  finger  into  the  spoon,  he  made  the  sign  of  the  Cross  upon 
the  King's  bare  breast,  saying  :— 

Be  thy  Breast  anointed  with  holy  Oil, 

and  once  more  dipping  his  finger  in  the  oil,  he  marked  the  Cross  on  the  palm 
of  both  the  King's  hands,  saying  :— 

Be  thy  Hands  anointed  with  holy  Oil. 

45 


Ht-iliatHin  -S/ojif. 

THE     KING     AXD     QUEEX     WITHIN     THIC     ABBEY. 
ABOVK     THKIR     MAJESTIES     IS     THE     ROYAL     BOX. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

Then  the  golden  pall  was  removed,  the  King  stood  up,  and  was  invested 
with  the  sleeveless  garment,  the  Colobium  Sindonis,  and  over  this  the  long, 
gorgeous  Supertunica  of  cloth  of  gold,  with  its  girdle  of  the  same  material. 

THE    SPURS    AND    SWORD. 

Next  came  the  presenting  of  the  Spurs — the  Golden  Spurs  of  St.  George. 
L,ord  Spencer,  on  bended  knee,  touched  the  King's  heels  with  them,  and 
they  were  then  replaced  by  the  Dean  on  the  altar.  This  was  followed  by 
the  more  elaborate  ceremony  of  the  Sword  of  Offering.  This  the  Lord 
Beauchamp  first  delivered  to  the  Archbishop,  who,  laying  it  on  the  altar, 
offered  a  prayer  that  the  King  might  use  it  "as  the  minister  of  God  for  the 
terror  and  punishment  of  evildoers  and  for  the  protection  and  encouragement 
of  those  that  do  well."  Then  holding  the  Sword  he  stood  before  the  King, 
speaking  as  follows,  while  the  King  took  the  hilt  in  both  hands  :— 

Receive  this  kingly  Sword,  brought  now  from  the  Altar  of  God, 
and  delivered  to  you  by  the  hands  of  us  the  Bishops  and  Servants  of 
God,  though  unworthy. 

It  was  then  given  back  to  the  Lord  Beauchamp,   who  held  it  aloft 
during  the  remainder  of  the  ceremony. 

THE    ORB    AND    SCEPTRE. 

Following  this  the  King  was  invested  with  the  Pallium,  or  Royal  Robe, 
a  magnificent  garment  woven  of  cloth  of  gold,  and  the  Orb  was  brought 
and  given  to  him  by  the  Archbishop,  with  these  words  :— 

Receive  this  Imperial  Robe  and  Orb  ;  and  the  Lord  your  God 
endue  you  with  knowledge  and  wisdom,  with  majesty  and  with  power 
from  on  high  ;  the  Lord  embrace  you  with  His  mercy  on  every  side  ; 
the  Lord  cloath  you  with  the  robe  of  righteousness,  and  with  the 
garments  of  salvation.  And  when  you  see  this  Orb  thus  set  under  the 
Cross,  remember  that  the  whole  world  is  subject  to  the  Power  and  Empire 
of  Christ  our  Redeemer. 
The  Orb  was  then  returned  to  the  Dean  of  Westminster. 

47 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 


THE    RING   AND    SCEPTRES. 

The  King's  Ring  was  next  brought  and  placed  upon  the  fourth  finger 
of  his  right  hand,  and  the  two  Sceptres,  the  Sceptre  with  the  Cross  and  the 

Sceptre  with  the  Dove,  were  given 
to  him  by  the  Archbishop,  with 
the  words : 

Receive  the  Royal  Sceptre,  the 
ensign  of  kingly  power  and 
justice,  and  the  Rod  of  Equity 
and  Mercy  ;  and  God  from 
Whom  all  holy  desires,  all  good 
counsels,  and  all  just  works  do 
proceed,  direct  and  assist  you 
in  the  administration  and  exer- 
cise of  all  those  powers  which 
He  hath  given  you.  Be  so 
merciful  that  you  be  not  too 
remiss  ;  so  execute  justice  that 
you  forget  not  mercy.  Punish 
the  wicked,  protect  and. cherish 
the  just,  and  lead  your  people 
in  the  way  wherein  they  should 
go- 


THE     CORONATION     CHAIR: 

Beneath  the  Chair  itself  is  the  Crowning  Stone  which 
was  brought  from  Scone  by  Edward  I. 


THE    PUTTING    ON    OF   THE    CROWN. 

And  as  the  King  now  sat  in  King  Edward's  Chair,  holding  both  his 
Sceptres,  with  his  four  Swords  in  close  attendance,  the  Archbishop  came  from 
the  altar  bearing  the  Crown  and  placed  it  in  silence  on  his  head.  Having 
done  this,  he  spoke  the  following  prayer  :— 

God  crown  you  with  a  crown  of  glory  and  righteousness,  that  by 
the  ministry  of  this  our  benediction,  having  a  right  faith  and  manifold 
fruit  of  good  works,  you  may  obtain  the  crown  of  an  everlasting  Kingdom 
by  the  gift  of  Him  Whose  Kingdom  endureth  for  ever. 

48 


THE   CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

And  now  as  soon  as  these  words  were  ended,  the  trumpets  broke  forth, 
and  the  shouts  of  "  God  Save  the  King  "  rose  from  all  portions  of  the  Abbey, 
and,  while  all  the  Peers,  rising  to  their  feet,  put  on  their  coronets,  from  afar 
the  firing  of  the  guns  at  the  Tower  of  London  could  be  heard,  announcing 
to  all  the  world  that  King  George  had  been  crowned. 

THE   ENTHRONEMENT. 

And  then  the  King,  handing  the  Sceptres  to  his  Bishops,  rose  from 
King  Edward's  Chair  and  took  his  seat  upon  the  Throne,  in  the  centre  of  the 
theatre,  where  he  was  to  receive  the  homage.  First  came  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  who,  ascending,  knelt  on  the  highest  step  of  the  Throne  and 
did  homage  for  the  Lords  Spiritual  as  follows  :— 

I,  Randall,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  will  be  faithful  and  true, 
and  faith  and  truth  will  bear  unto  you  our  Sovereign  Lord,  and  your 
Heirs  Kings  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and 
of  the  British  Dominions  beyond  the  Seas,  Defenders  of  the  Faith,  and 
Emperors  of  India.  And  I  will  do,  and  truly  acknowledge,  the  service  of 
the  lands  which  I  claim  to  hold  of  you,  as  in  right  of  the  Church.  So  help 
me  God. 
Then,  rising  to  his  feet,  he  kissed  the  King  on  the  left  cheek. 

Next  the  youthful  Prince  of  Wales,  having  taken  off  his  coronet,  came 
forward  to  the  da'is,  and  bowing  to  the  King,  knelt  on  the  highest  step  and 
did  homage  on  behalf  of  the  Blood  Royal  in  these  words  :— 

I,  Prince  of  Wales,  do  become  your  liege  man  of  life  and  limb, 
and  of  earthly  worship  ;  and  faith  and  truth  I  will  bear  unto  you,  to 
live  and  die,  against  all  manner  of  folks.  So  help  me  God. 

Then,  rising  and  advancing  to  his  father,  he  touched  the  crown  on  His 
Majesty's  head,  and  kissed  him  affectionately  on  the  cheek,  while  the  King 
with  fatherly  emotion  drew  his  son  towards  him  and  kissed  him  fervently 
in  return.  The  Duke  of  Connaught  next  paid  his  homage  as  a  Prince  of 
the  Blood  Royal,  and  was  followed  one  by  one  by  the  Peers  of  the  Realm, 
each  through  the  first  of  their  order.  Afterwards  the  anthem,  "  Rejoice  in 

D  49 


THE     KING'S     IMPERIAL    CROWN. 


THE     QUEEN'S     NEW     CROWN. 


' 


THE     KING'S     THRONE. 


THE     QUEEN'S     THRONE. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

the  Lord,  O  ye  Righteous,"  composed  by  Sir  Frederick  Bridge,  was  sung 
by  the  choir,  the  drums  beat  and  the  trumpets  sounded,  and  all  the  people, 
led  by  the  Westminster  boys,  shouted,  "  God  save  King  George  !  Long  live 
King  George  !  May  the  King  live  for  ever  !  " 

THE    QUEEN'S    CORONATION. 

The  Queen  now  rose  from  her  Chair  of  State  and  with  her  Bishops  on 
either  side,  advanced  to  her  faldstool,  where  she  knelt  while  the  Archbishop 
said  the  following  prayer  :— 

Almighty  God,  the  fountain  of  all  goodness  :   Give  ear,  we  beseech 

Thee,  to  our  prayers,  and  multiply  Thy  blessings  upon  this  Thy  servant 

Mary,  whom  in  Thy  Name,  with  all  humble  devotion,  we  consecrate  our 

Queen  ;    defend  her  evermore  from  all  dangers,   ghostly   and  bodily  ; 

make  her  a  great  example  of  virtue  and  piety,  and  a  blessing  to  this 

Kingdom  ;    through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord,  Who  liveth  and  reigneth  with 

Thee,  O  Father,  in  the  unity  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  world  without  end.     Amen. 

The  golden  canopy,  supported  by  the  Duchess  of  Portland,  the  Duchess 

of  Sutherland,  the  Duchess  of  Montrose,  and  the  Duchess  of  Hamilton,  was 

then  borne  above  her  head,  and  the  Archbishop,  taking  the  Ampulla  and 

the  Spoon,  anointed  her  on  the  crown  of  the  head,  saying  :— 

In  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost  : 
Let  the  anointing  with  this  Oil  increase  your  honour,  and  the  Grace  of 
God's  Holy  Spirit  establish  you  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen. 

The  Archbishop  now  placed  the  jewelled  ring  upon  Her  Majesty's 
fourth  finger,  with  these  words  :— 

Receive  this  Ring,  the  seal  of  a  sincere  faith  ;  and  God,  to  Whom 
belongeth  all  power  and  dignity,  prosper  you  in  this  your  honour,  and 
grant  you  therein  long  to  continue,  fearing  Him  always,  and  always 
doing  such  things  as  shall  please  Him,  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord. 
Amen. 
Then  he  set  the  Crown  reverently  upon  her  head,  saying  : — 

Receive  the  Crown  of  glory,  honour,  and  joy  ;  and  God,  the  Crown 
of  the  faithful,  who  by  our  Episcopal  hands  (though  unworthy)  doth 


a 


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O  PH 
O 

i  w 

D  H 

H  r5 

a  § 

^  ^ 


co 


,  <! 

o 


a 


W 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

this  day  set  a  crown  of  pure  gold  upon  your  head,  enrich  your   royal 
heart  with  His  abundant  grace,  and  crown  you  with  all  princely  virtues 
in  this  life,  and  with  everlasting  gladness  in  the  life  that  is  to  come, 
through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord.     Amen. 
At  this  moment,  the  Peeresses  all  raised  their  coronets  and  placed  them 

on  their  heads.     The  Archbishop  placed  the  Sceptre  in  the  Queen's  hand, 

saying  this  prayer  :— 

O  Lord,  the  Giver  of  all  perfection  :  Grant  unto  this  Thy  servant 
Mary  our  Queen,  that  by  the  powerful  and  mild  influence  of  her  piety 
and  virtue,  she  may  adorn  the  high  dignity  which  she  hath  obtained, 
through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord.  Amen. 

The  Queen  then  descended  from  the  altar,  and  making  obeisance  to 
the  King  as  she  passed  with  her  trainbearers,  proceeded  to  her  Throne  on 
the  dais,  side  by  side  with  him,  both  holding  their  Sceptres. 

Next  followed  the  Communion,  when  the  "  Sanctus  "  was  exquisitely 
sung  by  the  choir,  and  the  Archbishop,  standing  on  the  steps  of  the  altar, 
then  pronounced  the  Benediction,  which  the  King  and  Queen  and  all  present 
knelt  to  receive  ;  and  with  the  final  "  Amen  "  the  ceremonial  of  the  great 
Coronation  was  complete.  The  Queen,  crowned  and  bearing  her  Sceptre, 
her  train  carried  by  her  six  noble  trainbearers,  passed  down  the  Abbey, 
followed  by  the  King,  his  gorgeous  robe  of  purple  velvet  upheld  by  his 
eight  pages  and  Lord  Churchill,  with  the  blazing  Crown  of  England  on  his 
head  ;  and  so  out,  amid  deafening  cheers  from  every  side. 


THE  RETURN  TO  THE  PALACE. 

TPHE  State  Coach  was  drawn  up  in  readiness  for  Their  Majesties,  and  when 
first  the  Queen  and  then  the  King  had  taken  their  seats,  it  moved  on, 
amidst  the  enthusiastic  acclamations  of  the  great  throng  of  spectators  around 
the  Annexe,  on  its  return  journey,  this  time  by  way  of  Pall  Mall,  St.  James's 
Street,  Piccadilly  and  Constitution  Hill. 

53 


\ 


THE     RETURN     BY    WAY    OF     PICCADILLY. 


THE    CROWNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

The  two  other  Processions  followed  in  reverse  order,  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  now  wearing  his  coronet,  and  the  other  Royal  children  receiving  a 
great  and  hearty  ovation.  The  scenes  of  enthusiasm  which  occurred  as 
the  magnificent  cortege  passed  slowly  through  Pall  Mall  and  St.  James's 
Street,  surpassed  description.  Their  Majesties  were  cheered  to  the  echo 
and  greeted  with  enthusiasm  which  was  the  unmistakable  and  sincere  outburst 


THE     RETURN     OF     THEIR     MAJESTIES     TO     BUCKINGHAM     PALACE. 

of  a  loving  and  a  loyal  nation.  At  one  part  of  the  journey,  an  episode, 
dramatic  and  unexpected,  lent  an  additional  touch  of  emotion  to  Their  Majesties' 
passage.  One  of  the  ladies  seated  in  a  crowded  grand  stand,  in  a  voice  of 
remarkable  clearness  heard  high  above  the  cheering  of  the  crowds,  commenced 
to  sing  the  National  Anthem.  She  was  quickly  joined  by  those  in  her 
immediate  neighbourhood,  and  in  a  moment  or  two  hundreds  of  men  and 
women  in  the  streets,  balconies,  and  even  on  the  roofs  of  the  buildings  took 

55 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

up  the  hymn,  which  as  it  died  away  was  followed  by  three  rousing  British 
cheers.  In  Piccadilly  the  scene  scintillated  with  the  most  brilliant  decorative 
colour,  and  as  the  long  Procession  swung  round  Hyde  Park  Corner  into 
Constitution  Hill,  the  effect  of  the  setting,  with  the  vivid  green  foliage 
of  the  plane  trees  as  a  background,  was  one  of  great  variety,  beauty  and 
animation.  Down  the  stately  drive  from  Wellington  Arch,  the  great  golden 
Coach  passed  through  solid  masses  of  cheering  spectators,  edged  by  the 
bright  scarlet  tunics  of  the  various  regiments  lining  the  roadway,  and  shortly 
before  three  o'clock  it  re-entered  the  main  gates  of  the  Palace,  four  hours 
and  twenty  minutes  after  it  had  emerged  on  its  journey  to  the  Abbey. 


ON  THE  BALCONY  AT  THE  PALACE. 

A  ND  now  what  happened  was  in  one  sense  the  most  dramatic  and  thrilling 
incident  of  all  the  outdoor  celebrations.  Suddenly  and  unexpectedly, 
one  of  the  casements  of  the  centre  balcony  in  the  front  of  the  Palace  was 
opened,  and  the  King  appeared  leading  the  Queen  by  the  hand.  When  the 
great  crowd  saw  Their  Majesties,  standing  s'de  by  side,  in  their  shimmering 
robes  and  shining  crowns,  it  seemed  as  if  the  popular  emotion  reached  its 
highest  pitch.  Cheer  upon  cheer  was  raised,  and  then  as  if  by  some  magic 
spontaneity,  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Empire  detachments,  standing  at 
attention  beneath  the  Palace  gates,  began  to  join  in  the  cheering,  and  soon 
the  entire  body  of  soldiers  and  sailors,  forgetful  of  discipline,  broke  ranks, 
and  came  crowding  nearer  the  Palace  gates,  while  some  of  them  put  their 
helmets  on  their  rifles  and  waved  them  vigorously  aloft.  This  wonderful 
scene  continued  for  several  minutes,  while  Their  Majesties  bowed  again  and 
again  to  the  cheers,  and  the  King's  face  was  seen  to  light  with  smiles  of 
satisfaction.  A  truly  wonderful  ending  to  an  ever-memorable  day. 

56 


ON  THE  BALCONY  AT  THE  PALACE. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

THE    ILLUMINATION   OF   LONDON. 

the  setting  of  the  sun,  the  streets  and  squares  of  central 
London  were  transformed,  as  by  the  waving  of  a  magician's  wand,  into 
a  dream-city  of  fairy  palaces.  Never  before  in  its  history  had  the  old,  grey 
familiar  walls  presented  such  a  picture  of  gorgeous  illumination.  Crowds, 
estimated  at  a  million  and  a  half  of  people,  young  and  old,  wandered  spell- 
bound through  the  almost  silent  roadways,  from  which  all  wheeled  traffic 
had  again  been  excluded,  gazing  with  enchanted  eyes  on  a  spectacle  such 
as  only  might  be  conjured  up  by  a  child's  fairy  book.  From  the  Bank  of 
England  and  the  Mansion  House  in  the  City,  to  the  confines  of  Kensington 
in  the  West,  houses,  offices,  the  great  hotels  and  the  various  public  buildings 
were  outlined  with  millions  of  vari-coloured  lamps,  and  these,  with  the  National 
Emblems  emblazoned  on  a  thousand  house  fronts,  converted  the  main  thor- 
oughfares into  a  veritable  cascade  of  iridescent  fire.  As  the  shades  of  evening 
deepened,  the  myriad-hued  splendours  increased,  and  the  streets  became 
still  more  densely  thronged  with  an  almost  impassable  crowd  of  sightseers, 
until  at  12.30  the  lights  died  out,  the  tired  multitudes  were  again  absorbed 
into  the  suburbs  and  the  great  scenes  of  the  day  were  finally  over. 


THE    HOMAGE    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

TN  every  scattered  portion  of  the  globe  where  even  a  handful  of  British 
subjects  was  to  be  found,  the  great  day  was  celebrated  in  fitting  fashion. 
Services  in  the  local  Cathedral  or  churches,  and  levees  at  Government  House, 
formed  part  of  the  ceremonies,  in  many  places  followed  by  a  parade  and 
review  of  the  troops  of  the  garrison;  while  at  every  outpost  of  the  Empire, 
great  or  small,  the  Crowning  of  the  King  was  announced  by  a  naval  or  military 
salute.  From  East  to  West,  from  far  Cathay  to  distant  Canada,  the  chain 
of  celebration  circled  round  the  globe,  and  the  flag  floated  out  at  noonday 

58 


THE   CROWiNING    IN    WESTMINSTER    ABBEY 

to  the  thunder  of  cannon  and  the  strains  of  the  National  Anthem.     In  the 
words  of  the  poet  of  Empire  :— 

The  lean  white  bear  hath  seen  -it  in  the  long,  long  Arctic  night, 
The  nmsk-o%  knows  the  standard  thai  flouts  the  Northern  Light. 

*##***## 

Never  was  isle  so  little,  never  was  sea  so  lone, 

But  over  the  scud  and  the  palm-trees  an  English  flag  was  flown. 

Kndyard  Killing. 


59 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 


CHAPTER     II 

THE    PROGRESS   THROUGH    THE    CITY. 


ON  the  day  following  the  Coronation,  Friday,  the  23rd  June,  the  King 
and  Queen  made  a  royal  progress  from  Buckingham  Palace  through 
the  City  and  South  of  London .  The  weather  was  again  propitious, 
and  as  they  passed  through  seven  miles  of  cheering  crowds,  Their  Majesties 
received  a  splendid  and  enthusiastic  ovation.  It  was  a  pageant  of  the  Imperial 
Army,  sparkling  with  scarlet  and  gold  and  waving  plumes  and  pennants. 
A  striking  feature  of  the  day  was  the  large  number  of  children  gathered  along 
the  route,  whose  shrill  cheers  added  a  charming  and  emotional  note  to  the 
demonstration.  Hundreds  of  grand  stands  were  crowded  with  spectators 
and  every  window  was  full,  while  the  streets  along  the  entire  distance  were 
lavishly  decorated  with  masts,  banners  and  garlands.  Addresses  of  welcome 
were  presented  to  His  Majesty  at  several  points  during  his  progress,  notably 
by  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  at  Temple  Bar.  Their  Majesties  were  in  an 
open  state  landau  drawn  by  the  familiar  team  of  eight  cream  horses,  the  King 
in  Field-Marshal's  uniform,  the  Queen  robed  in  white,  with  the  blue  sash 
of  the  Garter,  and  wearing  a  hat  with  magnificent  blue  plumes.  Leaving 
the  palace  at  eleven  o'clock,  they  entered  the  city  at  midday,  and  proceeded 
by  London  Bridge  and  Westminster  Bridge,  returning  to  the  Palace  at  two 
o'clock,  having  been  greeted  with  salvos  of  cheers  throughout  the  whole 
journey. 

The  route  and  order  of  the  processions  were  as  follows  :— 

60 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    giTY 


Constitution  Hill, 

Piccadilly, 

St.  James's  Street, 
*Pall  Mall, 

Pall  Mall  East, 
fTrafalgar  Square  (north  side), 

Duncannon  Street, 
JStrand, 

Fleet  Street, 

Ludgate  Hill, 

St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 

Cannon  Street, 

Queen  Victoria  Street, 

Mansion  House, 


THE    ROUTE. 

King  William  Street, 
London  Bridge, 
§Borough  High  Street, 
Borough  Road, 
Westminster  Bridge  Road, 
Westminster  Bridge, 
Bridge  Street, 
St.  Margaret  Street, 
Round  Parliament  Square, 
Parliament  Street, 
Whitehall, 
Admiralty  Arch, 
The  Mall, 
Buckingham  Palace. 


*  Presentation  of  an  Address,  at  Waterloo  Place,  by  the  Westminster  City  Council, 
t  Presentation  of  an  Address,  at  Trafalgar  Square,  by  the  London  County  Council. 
|  Presentation  of  an  Address,  at  Aldwych,  by  the  Northern  Boroughs. 
§  Presentation  of  an  Address,  in  Sotithwark,  by  the  Southern  Boroughs. 


AT     TEMPLE     BAR. 

61 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

THE    PROCESSION. 

Two  carriages  with  Members  of  the  Corporation  (from  Temple  Bar  to  London 

Bridge  only). 

First  Carriage. 
Four  Members  of  the  Common  Council. 

H.  H.  Heath,  Esq.,  Deputy.  \V.  H.  Key,  Esq. 

C.  T.  Harris,  Esq.,  Deputy.  Sir  R.  H.  Rogers,  Deputy. 

Second  Carriage. 
Four  Members  of  the  Court  of  Aldermen. 

Sir  J.  Savory,  Bt.  Sir  C.  C.  Wakefield,  Bt. 

Sir  W.  P.  Treloar,  Bt.  Sir  W.  H.  Dunn. 

THE    COLONIAL    PROCESSION. 

An  Officer  of  the  War  Office  Staff. 

Major  G.  Lubbock,  R.E. 
The  advance  point  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

Band  of  the  2nd  I/ife  Guards. 
The  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Colonial  Troops. 

General    Sir    I.    S.    M.    Hamilton,    G.C.H.,    D.S.O. 

Staff  Officers  to  the  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Colonial  Troops. 

Brigadier-General  G.  P.  Ellison,  C.B. 

U.-Col.  H.  L.  Reed,  V.C. 
Aides-de-Camp  to  the  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Colonial  Troops. 

Capt.  F.  L.  Makgill-  Capt.  J.  A.  Orr.  Maj.  \V.  R.  N.  Madocks. 

Crichton-Maitland. 

Detachment  of  Officers. 
Detachment    of   King    Edward's   Horse    (The    King's   Oversea   Dominions 

Regiment) . 
Detachment    of    Canadian    Troops. 

First  Carriage. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  W.  Laurier,  G.C.M.G.,  the  Prime  Minister  of  Canada. 
The  Hon.  A.  Fisher,  the  Prime  Minister  of  Australia.     Mrs.  Fisher. 
Detachment    of    New    Zealand    Troops. 

62 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

Second  Carriage. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  J.  G.  Ward,  K.C.M.G.,  the  Prime  Minister  of  New  Zealand. 

Lady  Ward. 
General  the  Right  Hon.  L-  Botha,  the  Prime  Minister  of  the  Union  of  South 

Africa.     Mrs.  Botha. 

Detachment   of  South   African  Union  Troops. 

Third  Carriage. 

The  Hon.  Sir  E.  P.  Morris,  the  Prime  Minister  of  Newfoundland.    Lady  Morris. 
Sir  J.  Anderson,  G.C.M.G.,  the  Governor  representing  the  Eastern  Colonies. 
Sir  S.  Olivier,  K.C.M.G.,  the  Governor  representing  the  West  Indian  Colonies. 
Detachment  of  the  Royal  North- West  Mounted  Police. 

Fourth  Carriage. 

Sir  Charles  Anthony  King-Harman,  K.C.M.G.,  the  Ex-Governor  representing 

the  Mediterranean  Colonies.     Lady  King-Harman. 
Sir  E.  F.  im  Thurn,  K.C.M.G.,  the  Ex-Governor  representing  Fiji  and  the 

Western  Pacific.     Lady  im  Thurn. 
Detachment  of  South  African  Union  Troops. 

Fifth  Carriage. 

Sir   W.   Egerton,    K.C.M.G.,   the   Governor    representing  the   West   African 

Colonies  and  Protectorate.     Lady  Egerton. 
Sir  A.  Sharpe,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B.,  the  Ex-Governor  representing  the  East  African 

Protectorates.     Lady  Sharpe. 

Detachment  of  Canadian  Troops 

Sixth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Sultan  of  Perak,  G.C.M.G. 
The  British  Resident,  Perak. 
Rajah  Chulan. 
Rajah  Harun. 

Detachment  of  Rhodesian  Troops. 

63 


PASSING     DOWN     FLEET     STREET. 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

Seventh  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Sultan  of  Kedah. 
His  Highness  Tunku  Mahmud. 
Mr.  A.  Cavendish. 
Mr.  C.  H.  Gay,  R.A. 

Detachment  of  Crown  Colony  and  Protectorate  Troops. 
Band  of  the  ist  Life  Guards. 

THE    INDIAN    PROCESSION. 

Band    of    the    2nd    Dragoons    (Royal    Scots    Greys). 
The  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Indian  Troops. 

General  Sir  E.  G.  Barrow,  G.C.B. 
The  Chief  Staff  Officer  to  the  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Indian  Troops. 

Brigadier-General  G.  A.  Cookson. 

The  Aides-de-Camp  to  the  General  Officer  in  Command  of  the  Indian  Troops. 
Major  C.  R.  Harbord.  lieutenant  R.  E.  Barrow.  Major  C.  R.  Scott-Elliot. 

Major  T.  E.  Scott.  C.I.E.,  D.S.O. 
Officers    of    Indian    Mounted    Volunteers. 

First  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Maharajah  Gaekwar  of  Baroda. 
Two  Members  of  the  Suite. 

Second  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Maharajah  Holkar  of  Indore. 
His  Highness  the  Aga  Khan. 
Two  Members  of  the  Suite. 

Third  Carriage. 

Her  Highness  the  Nawale  Begum  of  Bhopal. 
Colonel  Sahibzada  Obeidullah  Khan. 
Sahibzada  Hamidulla  Khan. 
Member  of  the  Suite. 
Officers  of  the  Imperial  Service  Cavalry. 

E  65 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Fourth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Maharajah  of  Patiala. 
The  Rajadhiraja  of  Shahpura. 
Rajkumar  Sirdar  Singh. 
General  Guruam  Singh. 

Fifth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Rajah  of  Rajpipla. 
His  Highness  the  Rajah  of  Pudukota. 
Two  Members  of  the  Suite. 

Sixth  Carriage. 

His  Highness  the  Thakor  Sahib  of  Gondal. 
Her  Highness  the  Thakoress  Sahibah  of  Gondal. 
Kumari  Shri  Bukuverha. 
Kumari  Shri  I,eilaha. 

Band  of  the  7th  (Queen's  Own)  Hussars. 

THE    ROYAIv    PROCESSION. 

An   Officer   of   the   War   Office   Staff. 

Lieut.-Col.  F.  W.  Kerr,  D.S.O. 
Four  Troopers  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
Commander  A.  V.  Campbell,  M.V.O.,  R.N. 

Detachment  of  the  Royal  Navy  with  Field  Battery  of  6  guns. 
Detachment  of  Engine  Room  Ratings. 
Detachment   of   Chief  Petty  Officers   representing  the   Coastguard,   Signal, 

Telegraphist  and  non-military  branches. 
Detachment  of  the  Royal  Marine  Artillery,  the  Royal  Marine  Light  Infantry, 

and  the  Royal  Naval  School  of  Music. 
Detachment  of  the  Royal  Naval  Reserve. 
Detachment  of  the  Royal  Naval  Volunteer  Reserve-. 

Mounted    Band,    Royal    Artillery. 
Section  of  BB  Battery,  Royal  Horse  Artillery. 

Band  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
66 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

Major  Lord  J.  S.  Cavendish,  D.S.O.,  ist  Life  Guards. 
Composite  Squadron  of  Household  Cavalry. 
Section  of  BB  Battery,  Royal  Horse  Artillery. 
Major-General  E.  H.  H.  Allenby,  C.B. 

Major  D'A.  Legard,  i/th  (Duke  of  Cambridge's  Own)  Lancers. 
Band  of  the  2nd  Dragoon  Guards  (Queen's  Bays). 
Lieut. -Colonel  W.  Belk,  4th  (Royal  Irish)  Dragoon  Guards. 
Detachment  of  Dragoon  and  Dragoon  Guards  Regiments. 
2nd  Dragoon  Guards  (Queen's  Bays). 


THEIR     MAJESTIES     AT     LUDGATE     CIRCUS. 

3rd  (Prince  of  Wales's)  Dragoon  Guards. 

4th  (Royal  Irish)  Dragoon  Guards. 

5th  (Princess  Charlotte  of  Wales's)  Dragoon  Guards. 

2nd  Dragoons  (Royal  Scots  Greys). 

Section  of  the  loist  Battery,  Royal  Field  Artillery. 

Band   of   the   4th    (Queen's   Own)    Hussars. 

Brevet-Colonel  G.  L-  Holdsworth,  ;th  (Queen's  Own)  Hussars. 

Detachment  of  Hussar  Regiments. 

67 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

4th  (Queen's  Own)  Hussars. 

7th  (Queen's  Own)  Hussars. 

nth  (Prince  Albert's  Own)  Hussars. 

1 8th  (Queen  Mary's  Own)  Hussars. 

i gth  (Queen  Alexandra's  Own  Royal)  Hussars. 

2oth  Hussars. 

Section  of  the  losrd  Battery,  Royal  Field  Artillery. 

Band   of  the   5th    (Royal   Irish)    Lancers. 

Lieut.-Colonel  Lord  D.  J.  C.  Compton,  gth  (Queen's  Royal)  Lancers. 
Detachment  of  Lancer  Regiments. 
5th  (Royal  Irish)  Lancers, 
gth  (Queen's  Royal)  Lancers. 
i6th  (The  Queen's)  Lancers. 
Section  of  the  148111  (Howitzer)  Battery,  Royal  Field  Artillery. 

The  King's  Indian  Orderly  Officers  and  Officer  in  Charge. 

Risaldar  Major  Subadar  Major  Risaldar  Major  Major  L.  C.  Jones. 

Abdul   Karim   Khan.        Muhammed  Ismail.         Malik  Sher  Bahadur 

Khan. 

Aides-de-Camp  to  the  King. 
Volunteer  and  Territorial  Force  Aides-de-Camp. 

Col.  Col.  Col. 

the  Earl  of  Essex.  F.  Goodwin,  C.I.E.  the  Earl  of  Albemarle. 

Col.  Col.  The  Rt.  Hon.  Col. 

J.  vStevenson,  C.B.  the  Earl  of  Clarendon.  the  Earl  of  Haddington. 

Militia  and  Special  Reserve  Aides-de-Camp. 

Col.  the  Duke  of  Col.  Col.  the  Col.  the  Col.  the  Rt.  Hon. 

Richmond  and        Lord  A.  M.  A.  Earl  of  Duke  of  the  Duke  of 

Gordon.  Percy.  Leicester.  Montrose.          Northumberland. 

68 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

Regular  Forces  Aides-de-Camp. 


Bt.-Col. 

Col. 

Bt.-Col. 

Bt.-Col. 

Col. 

J.  M.  Stewart. 

G.  R.  C.  Paul. 

E.  \V.  M.  Xorie. 

C.  M.  Dobell. 

G.  T.  Forestier- 

Walker. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Bt.-Col. 

Brig.  -Gen. 

H.  V.  Cowan. 

P.  A.  Keuna. 

H.  G.  Fitton. 

H.  E.  Stanton. 

C.  J.  Melliss. 

Col.  A.  E. 
Marchant. 


Naval  and  Marine  Aides-de-Camp. 

Capt.  F.  C.  Capt.  Commander 


Capt.  H. 


Tudor-Tudor. 


D.  R.  de  Chair.      Sir  R.  Arbuthnot.       Evan-Thomas. 


CROSSING    LONDON    BRIDGE    (LOOKING    SOUTH). 


Aide-de-Camp  General. 
Maj.-Gen.  J.  S.  Ewart,  C.B. 


First  and  Principal  Naval  Aide-de-Camp. 

Admiral  vSir  I,.  A.  Beaumont,  K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G. 


General  Officers  Commanding-in-Chief. 

Gen.  Sir  L.  J.  Lt.-Gen.   Sir  W.    H.         L/t-Gen.  Sir  B.  M.  Gen.  the  Rt.  Hon. 

Oliphant.  Mackinnon.  Hamilton.  Sir  N.  G.  Ivyttleton. 

The  Inspector-General  of  the  Forces. 
Gen.    Sir   J.    French,    G.C.B.,    G.C.V.O.,    K.C.M.G. 

69 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

The  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  County  of  London. 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Duke  of  Fife,  K.T.,  G.C.V.O. 

Field-Marshal  Field-Marshal  Field-Marshal 

Sir  H.  E.  Wood,  V.C.         Lord  Grenfell,  G.C.B.  Earl  Roberts,  V.C. 

The  War  Office  Staff. 

Maj.-Gen.                          Brig. -Gen.                          Brig.-Gen.  Maj.-Gen. 

C.  F.  X.  Macready.            S.  B.  von  Donop.               G.  V.  Kemball.  A.  J.  Murray. 

Surg.-Gen.  Maj.-Gen.    R.    Pringle.  Maj.-Gen.  J.  S.  Cowans.  Lt.-Gen. 

W.  L-  Gubbins.  Sir  A.  S.  Wynne. 

The  Sheriffs   (mounted),  from  Temple  Bar  to  London  Bridge  only. 

H.  C.  Buckingham,  Esq.  C.  Johnston,  Esq. 

Foreign   Military   Attaches    and   Officer   in    Charge. 

Major  His  Serene  Highness               Lieut.  Capt.  Major 

Prince  Frederick  von  und  zu          C.  E.  Alfaro.  E.  de  Linder.  R.  Ostertag, 

Liechtenstein,  M.V.O.  C.V.O. 

Lt.-Col.                                    Maj.  Major  Lt.-Col. 

U.  Bagnani.                      S.  L'H.  Slocum.  Don  J.  Vicens.  Golejewsky. 

Col.                                     Lt.-Col.  Col.  Col.  V.  J.  M. 

Don  E.  Raybaud.                    Don  E.  Phillips.  S.  Inagaki.  Huguet,  M.V.O. 

Col.    Don    P.    Suarez.                                  Lt.-Gen.  Capt.  C.  A.  L.  Yate. 

Sir  N.  Yermoloff,  K. C.V.O. 

Deputations  of  Foreign  Officers  and  Officers  in  Charge. 
The  King's  Austrian  Field-Howitzer  Regiment  (K.U.K.  Feldhaubitz-Regiment 

Nr.  12). 

Captain  J.  Schmeez  von  Meczenzef.    First  Lt.  E.  Weiss.    Colonel  K.  Kratk}'. 

(Major  J.  Fryer.) 

The  King's  German  Dragoons  of  the  Guard  Regiment  (I.  Garde-Dragoner- 

Regiment  Einigin  Viktoria  von  Grossbritannien  und  Ireland) . 

Captain  Burggraf  und  Graf  zu  Lt.  Freiherr  von  Lt.-Col.  von  Barensprung. 

Dohna-Lauck.  Steinaecker. 

(Major  H.  C.  Lowther,  C.M.G.,  M.V.O.,  D.S.O.) 

The  King's  German  Cuirassier  Regiment  (Kiirassier  Regiment  Graf  Geszler 

(Rheinisches)  Nr.  8). 

Captain  von  Meszling.  Lt.  Jonklieer  Rendorp.  Colonel  Heidborn. 

(Major  F.  Cunliffe  Owen.) 

70 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

Queen's  German  Hussar   Regiment  (Husaren-Regiment  Fiirst  Bliicher  von 

Wahlstatt  (Pommersches)  Nr.  5). 

Captain   von  Poncet.         Lt.  Freiherr  von  Thielmann.         Major  Freiherr  von  Barnekow. 

(Major  J.  M.  Home.) 

The  King's  Spanish  Infantry  Regiment  (Zamora  Num.  8). 


Captain   Don   A.   M.    Penalver.        I,t.  Don  G.  O.  Pardo. 


Colonel  Don  O.  L.   Iturriaga. 
(Lt.-Col.  G.  M.  \V.  Maedonogh.) 


THEIR     MAJESTIES     IN     SOUTH     1,0-NDOX. 

First  Carriage. 

Ivieut.-Colonel  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  W.  H.  P.  Carington,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B.,  the 

Keeper  of  the  Privy  Purse. 

Lieut.-Colonel  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  A.   J.   Bigge,   G.C.V.O.,   K.C.B.,   K.C.S.I., 
K.C.M.G.,  I.S.O.,  Private  Secretary  to  the  King. 

71 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Captain  Sir  W.  D.  S.  Campbell,  K.C.V.O.,  Groom  in  Waiting. 
The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  K.C.V.O.,  the  Lord  Chamberlain  to  the  Queen. 

Second  Carriage. 

Admiral  Sir  M.  Culme-Seymour,  Bt.,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,  Vice-Admiral  of  the 

United  Kingdom. 


THE    RIGHT   HON.    THE   LORD    MAYOR    OF    LONDON, 
SIR    T.    VEZEY   STRONG. 

The  Lord  Annaly,    C.V.O.,   Lord  in   Waiting. 

The  Rt.  Hon.  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and  Oueensberry,   K.G.,   K.T.,  the 

Captain-General  of  the  Royal  Archer  Guard  of  Scotland. 

Lady   Eva  Dugdale,   Woman  of  the   Bedchamber. 


t 
THE    SCENE     AT    ST.     GEORGE'S     CIRCUS. 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Third  Carriage. 

The  Earl  Spencer,  the  Lord  Chamberlain. 

The  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  the  Lord  Steward. 

The  Countess  of  Minto,  Lady  in  Waiting. 

The  Duchess  of  Devonshire,  the  Mistress  of  the  Robes. 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Mayor, 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  T.  Vezey  Strong  (mounted),  from  Temple  Bar  to  London 

Bridge  only. 

The  Army  Council. 

Lieut.-Gen.    Sir   H.    S.    G.  Maj.-Gen.  C.  F.  Hadden,  Field-Marshal 

Miles,   K.C.B.,   C.V.O.  K.C.B.  Sir  W.  G.  Nicholson, 

G.C.B.,  A.D.C.-General. 

Equerries  to  the  King. 

Col.                                Lt.-Col.  Lt.-Col.                       Rear-Admiral 

H.  Streatfeild.                    A.  B.  Haig.  H.  D.  Watson.  R.  E.  Wemyss. 

Col.  Count  Gleichen.         Admiral   the  Hon.  Vice-Admiral                        Lt.-Col. 

Sir  H.  Lambton.  Sir  A.  B.  Milne.  Sir  G.  L.  Holford. 

Col.  J.  H.  Bor.       Col.    Sir    A.    Davidson.  Maj.  the  Viscount  Lord  M.  Beresford. 

Crichton. 

Col.     the    Hon.     Sir         Maj.  C.  Wigram.  Maj.   Lord                    Lt.-Col.  the  Hon. 

H.  C.  Legge.  C.  G.  F.  Fitzmaurice.            I).  W.  G   Keppel. 

Honorary    Indian    Aides-de-Camp    to    the    King. 

Hon.  Major-General  His  Highness  Sir  Madho  Rao  Scindia,  Bahadur,  Maharajah 

of  Gwalior. 

Hon.  Major-GeneraJ    His  Highness  Sir  Pratap  Singh,  Bahadur,  Maharajah 

of  Idar. 

Hon.  Colonel  His  Highness  Sir  Ganga  Singh,  Bahadur,  Maharajah  of  Bikaner. 

The  Colonial  Escort. 
The  India   Escort. 

The  First  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  Second  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 

74 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 


Chief  Staff  Officer  to  the  Field-Marshal 

in  Command  of  the  Troops. 
Major-General  A.  E.  Codriiigton. 


Chief  Constable. 
Col.    A.    H.    M.    Edwards. 


Aide-de-Camp. 


Capt.  N.  J.  C.  Ivivingstone-Learmouth. 


PASSING     OYKR     WICSTJIIXSTICR   BRIDGE. 


The  Captain  of  the 
Escort. 


THE    STATE    CARRIAGE 
DRAWN    BY    EIGHT 


CREAM    HORSES, 

CONVEYING 

ttbeir  flDajestiee 
Iking  anb  <SUieen. 


The  Field  Officer  of  the 

Escort. 
The  Field-Marshal  in 
Command  of  the  Troops. 
Field-Marshal  the  Viscount 
Kitchener  of  Khartoum. 

Aide-de-Camp. 
Capt.  A.  O.  G.  Fitzgerald. 


RETURN  TO  BUCKINGHAM  PALACE. 


THE    PROGRESS    THROUGH    THE    CITY 

THE    STANDARD. 

Captain  Field-Marshal 

His  Royal  Highness  His  Royal  Highness 

Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught.  the  Duke  of  Connaught. 

Vice- Admiral  His  Serene       Brevet-L/t.-Col.  His  General  His  Royal 

Highness  Prince  L,ouis        Serene  Highness  the        Highness  Prince  Christian 
of  Battenberg.  Duke  of  Teck.  of  Schleswig-Holstein. 

The  Gold  Stick  in  Waiting.      The  Earl  Marshal.         The  Master  of  the  Horse. 
Lt.-Gen.   the   Earl   of  The  Rt.  Hon.  The  Earl  of  Granard. 

Dundonald.  the  Uuke  of  Norfolk. 

Equerry  in  Waiting      Equerry  in  Waiting     Equerry  in  Waiting   The  Crown 
to  the  Queen.  to  the  King.  to  the  King.  Equerry. 

Lieut. -Colonel  Lieut. -Colonel  Commander          Capt.  the  Hon.  W. 

F.  Dugclale.  F.  E.  G.  Ponsonby.  Sir  C.  L-  Gust,  Bt.     C.  W.  Fitzwilliam. 

The  Field  Officer  in  Brigade  Waiting.  The  Silver  Stick  in  Waiting. 

Lt.-Col.  C.  FitzClarence,  V.C.  I,t-Col.  E.  B.  Cook,  M.V.O. 

Equerry  to  His  Royal          Equerry  to  His  Royal        Equerry  to  His  Royal 
Highness  Prince  Christian  Highness  Prince  Arthur      Highness  the  Duke  of 

of  Schleswig-Holstein.  of  Connaught.  Connaught  &  Strathearn. 

Capt.  C.  Hankey.  Lieut.  Iv  II.  Bonham.  Maj.  M.  Murray,  C.V.O. 

The  Adjutant  in  Brigade  The  Silver  Stick  Adjutant  in 

Waiting.  Waiting. 

Captain  the  Hon.  Lieutenant  the  Hon. 

J.  F.  Hepbuni-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis.  G.  V.  A.  Monckton-Arundell. 

Aides-de-Camp  to  the  Field-Marshal  in  Command  of  the  Troops. 

Captain  Lord  Brooke,  M.V.O.  Captain  A.  H.  Wood.  Captain  E-  ff.  W.  Lascelles. 

Captain  D.  C.  D.  Stephen.        Second-Lieut.  G.  R.  Codriugton.  Lieut.  E.  Sheppard. 

Captain  J.  E.  Gibbs. 

Six  Royal  Grooms. 

77 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

The  Third  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 
The  Fourth  Division  of  the  Sovereign's  Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards. 


Shortly  after  their  return  to  the  Palace,  Their  Majesties,  as  on  the 
previous  day,  appeared  on  the  balcony  facing  the  Mall,  accompanied  by  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  Princess  Mary,  and  their  brothers,  and  once  more  the  great: 
crowd  of  civilians  and  troops  cheered  them  over  and  over  again,  the  scene 
fittingly  closing  by  the  singing  of  the  National  Anthem. 


78 


THE    NAVAL    REVIEW    AT    SPITHEAD 


CHAPTER     III 

THE   NAVAL    REVIEW   AT   SPITHEAD. 

THE  splendid  ceremonials  of  the  week  were  brought  to  a  final  and 
impressive  climax  by  the  review  on  Saturday,  the  24th  June,  by 
His  Majesty,  of  a  great  fleet,  representative  of  British  naval  power, 
which  had  been  assembled  at  Spithead. 

In  all  167  British  and  18  Foreign  warships  were  anchored  in  five  lines 
of  six:  miles  each  in  length,  extending  from  Ryde  to  Cowes.  Through  these 
great  avenues  of  battleships,  manned  by  50,000  seamen,  the  Royal  yacht 
Victoria  and  Albert  steamed  slowly,  west  and  east,  for  fully  twenty- 
five  miles,  while  from  sea  and  shore,  a  quarter  of  a  million  people  gazed  on 
the  majestic  panorama.  The  King  was  accompanied  by  the  Queen  and 
the  Heir-Apparent,  and  the  pageant  was  favoured  with  a  setting  of  unusual 
beauty.  The  rain  of  the  previous  night  had  given  place  to  brilliant  sunshine, 
and  the  blue,  rippling  waters  of  the  Solent  were  crowded  with  innumerable 
pleasure  craft,  each  carrying  a  company  of  happy  and  enthusiastic  spectators. 
Besides  the  warships  a  great  fleet  of  liners,  British,  French,  German,  and 
others,  had  gathered,  along  with  numberless  graceful  yachts  and  pleasure 
steamers,  their  myriad  flags  tugging  at  the  halliards  in  the  brisk,  south- 
westerly breeze. 

Nothing  comparable  as  an  expression  of  the  impressive  power  of  British 
sea-might  had  ever  been  witnessed  before,  and  of  all  the  great  assemblages  of 
the  Coronation,  this  mass  of  huge  battleships  was  perhaps  the  most  striking 

79 


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THE    NAVAL    REVIEW    AT    SPITHEAD 

exemplification  of  the  world- wide  sway  wielded  by  our  Gracious  Sovereign. 
Himself  a  sailor  among  his  sailors,  there  was  no  heart  that  could  fail  to  be 
impressed  when  surveying  the  scene,  as  the  Royal  yacht  slowly  steamed 
through  the  long  lines  of  stern  grey  warships,  while  the  dull  booming  of  the 
guns  accompanied  the  sailor-monarch  as  he  passed.  And  still  there  was 
the  thought  that  this  great  fleet  represented  but  a  part  of  the  maritime 
power  of  Britain.  Scattered  around  the  seven  seas,  in  the  Far  East  and  in 
Australasia,  round  the  shores  of  India  and  Africa,  in  the  Mediterranean,  amid 


^- 


THE     ROYAL     YACHT     PASSING     DOWN     THE     LINES. 

the  hundred  islands  of  the  Western  Indies,  and  away  on  the  coasts  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  the  mind's  eye  could  see  scores  of  other  battleships  and 
cruisers,  flying  the  old  flag,  and  keeping  watch  and  ward  over  British  interests 
and  British  trade. 

The  Royal  train,  having  left  Victoria  station  in  the  morning  at  ten 
o'clock,  reached  the  South  Railway  jetty  at  12.30.  Here  a  guard  of  seamen 
and  marines  was  mounted,  and  Their  Majesties,  who  were  accompanied  by 

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THE    NAVAL    REVIEW    AT    SPITHEAD 

the  representatives  of  various  Foreign  powers,  were  received  by  Admiral 
Sir  Arthur  W.  Moore,  Commander-in-Chief  at  Portsmouth,  Rear-Admiral 
A.  G.  Tate,  Admiral  vSuperintendent  of  Portsmouth  Dockyard,  General 
Sir  C.  W.  H.  Douglas,  General  Officer  Commanding-in-Chief  Southern  Com- 
mand, and  Major-General  J.  K.  Trotter,  General  Officer  Commanding  Southern 
Coast  Defence,  and  their  respective  staffs.  The  Mayor  of  Portsmouth  and 
a  deputation  of  the  Corporation  were  in  waiting  to  present  an  address,  and 
on  the  conclusion  of  the  ceremony  Their  Majesties  proceeded  on  board  the 
Victoria  and  Albert,  the  Royal  Standard  was  broken  at  the  main,  and  a  salute 
was  fired  from  the  old  Victory.  Punctually  at  two  o'clock  the  Royal  yacht 
left  the  jetty,  with  the  Irene,  the  Trinity  House  yacht  ahead,  and  followed 
by  the  Royal  yacht  Alexandra,  the  Board  of  Admiralty  yacht  Enchantress, 
and  lastly  the  Fire  Queen,  flying  the  flag  of  the  Commander-in-Chief  at 
Portsmouth. 

The  Royal  yacht  was  shewing  the  signal  for  a  speed  of  eleven  knots  as 
she  reached  the  head  of  the  anchorage  at  2.30,  and  meantime,  as  if  by  some 
magic  transformation,  at  a  signal  from  the  Lord  Nelson,  the  whole  fleet, 
stretching  over  an  area  of  some  eighteen  square  miles,  simultaneously 
"  manned  ship."  Now  a  thunderous  salute,  the  voice  of  3,000  guns,  announced 
that  the  King  had  entered  the  lines,  and  as  the  Royal  procession  passed  back- 
wards and  forwards  through  the  great  floating  fortresses,  the  bluejackets, 
standing  hand  in  hand,  cheered  themselves  hoarse  with  their  enthusiastic 
welcome,  while  over  the  water  came  the  strains  of  the  National  Anthem. 
It  was  nearly  four  o'clock  before  the  Royal  yacht  completed  her  journey 
through  the  different  lines,  His  Majesty  meantime  standing,  a  solitary  figure 
outlined  on  the  bridge,  with  his  hand  at  the  salute. 

When  she  finally  came  to  anchor  alongside  the  French  flagship  Danton, 
with  the  flagship  of  the  Commander-in-Chief  abreast,  His  Majesty  held  a 
reception  on  board  the  Victoria  and  Albert  of  the  foreign  admirals,  and  of 
the  sixteen  admirals  flying  their  flags  in  the  British  fleet ;  and  soon  their 
smart  little  steam  pinnaces  were  seen  darting  in  swift  flight  through  the 
choppy  water  and  clustering  round  the  gangway  of  the  Royal  vessel.  This 
ceremony  occupied  fully  half  an  hour,  and  after  the  last  of  the  admirals 

S3 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

had  taken  his  departure,  the  Victoria  and  Albert  weighed  anchor  and  the 
Royal  flotilla  was  re-formed.  Ships  were  again  manned,  and  officers  stood 
at  attention,  and  as  the  Royal  yacht  steamed  off  towards  Portsmouth  Har- 
bour, the  saluting  signal  was  once  more  given,  and  the  entire  fleet  united 
in  a  parting  salvo. 

THE  ILLUMINATION  OF  THE  FLEET. 

When  nightfall  came,  although  the  great  ships  were  blotted  out  from 
sight,  the  pageants  of  the  day  were  not  over.  At  half-past  nine,  the  King 
and  the  Queen,  along  with  the  Royal  children,  mounted  the  long  flight  of 
steps  to  the  balcony  of  the  Semaphore  Tower  in  Portsmouth  Dockyard  to 
witness  the  illumination  of  the  fleet,  accompanied  by  Admiral  Sir  Arthur 
Moore,  the  Commander-in-Chief.  His  Majesty  himself  gave  the  signal 
by  the  firing  of  a  rocket,  which  was  followed  by  a  similar  signal  from  the 
Lord  Nelson,  and  in  an  instant,  as  if  controlled  by  one  hand,  the  whole  fleet 
burst  into  a  forest  of  dazzling  fire.  Every  ship  was  outlined  against  the 
dark  background  in  lines  of  electric  light  from  stem  to  stern,  and  from  top- 
mast to  waterline.  The  effect  was  magical  and  sublime.  Such  a 
superb  spectacle,  covering  miles  of  sea,  had  never  before  been  witnessed  on 
so  magnificent  a  scale.  The  Royal  party  remained  on  the  Tower  admiring 
the  beautiful  scene  until  eleven  o'clock,  when  at  another  signal  the  fairy 
fleet  vanished  into  darkness,  and  the  doings  of  the  great  day  were  over. 


84 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 


CHAPTER    IV 

THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA. 

THE    OUTWARD    VOYAGE. 

ON  the  morning  of  the  nth  November,  1911,  Their  Majesties  left 
London  at  10.30  and  arrived  at  Portsmouth  about  midday.  They 
proceeded  on  board  the  Medina,  accompanied  by  Queen  Alexandra, 
the  Queen  of  Norway,  the  Prince  of  Wales,  Princess  Mary,  Princess  Victoria, 
and  Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught,  where  luncheon  was  served,  and  soon  after 
two  o'clock  these  guests  took  leave,  and  the  Medina  started  on  her  long 
voyage.  The  hearty  cheering  of  the  crowds  of  people  who  had  assembled 
on  the  strand  mingled  with  the  solemn  booming  of  the  guns  of  the  old 
Victory,  as  the  great  white  ship  steamed  slowly  out.  At  Spithead  she  was 
joined  by  her  escorting  squadron  of  four  cruisers,  the  Cochrane,  Defence, 
Argyll,  and  Natal,  in  line  astern,  which  accompanied  her  throughout  the 
entire  journey. 

The  Royal  suite  on  board  comprised  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire, 
Mistress  of  the  Robes ;  Lady  Shaftesbury ;  The  Honourable  Venetia  Baring,  and 
Lord  Shaftesbury,  in  attendance  upon  the  Queen :  and  in  attendance  upon  the 
King  were  H.S.H.  the  Duke  of  Teck  as  personal  Aide-de-Camp  ;  Lord  Durham ; 
Lord  Crewe;  Lord  Stamfordham;  Lord  Annaly;  Lieutenant-General  Sir 
Horace  Smith-Dorrien. ;  Commander  Sir  Charles  Cust ;  Captain  Godfrey - 
Faussett;  Sir  Derek  Keppel;  Major  Clive  Wigram;  Major-General  Sir  Stuart 

85 


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THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

Beatson;  Major  Lord  Charles  Fitzmaurice ;  Lieutenant- Colonel  Sir  Havelock 
Charles;  Sir  Edward  Henry;  Sir  James  Dunlop  Smith;  the  Honourable  John 
Fortescue ;  Mr.  Frank  Lucas,  and  Mr.  Jacomb  Hood. 

During  the  passage  through  the  Bay  of  Biscay  tempestuous  weather 
was  encountered  for  several  days,  but  before  reaching  Gibraltar  the  gale 
moderated,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  i-jth  November  the  vessel  anchored 
safely  under  shelter  of  the  historic  Rock.  The  town  was  ablaze  with  illumina- 
tions. On  the  following  morning  Their  Majesties  received  the  Governor, 
General  Sir  Archibald  Hunter,  the  Governor  of  Algeciras,  the  Governor  of 


THE     MEDINA     LEAVING     PORTSMOUTH. 

Cadiz,  and  others  of  the  leading  officials.  The  cruisers  having  completed 
their  coaling,  the  majestic  flotilla  again  proceeded  at  10.30  a.m.,  under  way 
for  Suez,  passing  through  the  lines  of  the  Atlantic  fleet,  which  had  assembled 
outside  the  mole  to  salute  the  Royal  yacht  as  she  passed  out.  Beautiful 
weather  was  experienced  on  the  voyage  through  the  Mediterranean,  and 
at  sunset  on  the  2oth,  the  Medina  arrived  at  Port  Said,  where  the  Royal 
party  remained  until  the  morning  of  the  22nd.  During  their  stay,  H.H.  the 
Khedive,  Lord  Kitchener,  the  Sirdar,  General  Maxwell,  and  many  others 

87 


ON     BOARD     THE     MEDINA     AT     PORT     SAID. 

Back   Row — General   Sir  Reginald  Wingate,   H.H.   Prince   Mahomed  Ali   I'aslia,   The  Duke   01  Teck, 

Prince  Zia-ed-Din,  The  Khedive,  H.M.  The  King,  and  Lord  Kitchener. 
Front  Row — H.M.  The  Queen,  and  H.K.  Kianiil  Pasha. 


ON     BOARD     THK     MEDINA     AT     ADKX. 

Hf.r  Majesty  is  talking  to  the  Duke  of  Teck.     Next  to  the  Duke  are  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire 

and  Lord  Crewe. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

of  the  leading  officials  had  the  honour  of  being  received  by  Their  Majesties. 
Passing  through  the  Canal  and  the  Red  Sea,  the  next  call  was  made  at  Aden, 
which  was  reached  on  the  ayth  November,  to  the  thunder  of  the  salutes  of 
one  hundred  and  one  guns  from  the  men-of-war  assembled  there.  In  the 
afternoon  Their  Majesties  went  ashore,  and  drove  through  the  gaily-decorated 
streets  of  the  town,  accompanied  by  the  Resident,  Major-General  John  Bell  and 
Lady  Bell,  and  escorted  by  a  picturesque  guard  composed  of  Native  Cavalry 
with  Camel-men  in  the  rear,  to  the  Residency,  where  a  reception  was  held. 
On  the  following  morning  the  Medina  weighed  anchor  and  continued  her 
voyage  to  Bombay,  which  was  reached  on  the  morning  of  the  2nd  December, 
twenty-one  days  after  leaving  Portsmouth. 

THE    ARRIVAL    AT    BOMBAY. 

VTEEDL.ESS  to  say,  the  reception  prepared  for  Their  Majesties  by  the  loyal 
inhabitants  was  most  enthusiastic  and  striking.  The  Viceroy,  accom- 
panied by  the  Governor  of  Bombay,  Sir  George  Clarke,  came  on  board  to 
welcome  them,  followed  by  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  East  India  Squadron 
and  others  of  the  high  officials.  In  the  afternoon  Their  Majesties  landed  at 
the  Apollo  Bundar,  where  an  ornate  pavilion  had  been  erected,  and  a  loyal 
address  of  welcome  was  presented  by  Sir  Pherozshah  Mehta,  President  of 
the  Municipal  Corporation,  to  which  the  King-Emperor  made  a  gracious 
reply.  A  procession  was  then  formed  and  Their  Majesties  with  their  staff 
drove  through  the  gaily  decorated  streets,  returning  by  Malabar  Point  to  the 
wharf.  The  two  following  days  were  spent  on  board  the  Medina  and  in 
various  visits  on  shore,  and  at  10.45  p.m.,  on  the  5th  December,  the  Royal 
party  entrained  for  the  thousand-mile  journey  to  Delhi,  which  was  reached 
on  the  morning  of  the  7th  December. 

THE    STATE    ENTRY    INTO    DELHI . 

HPHEIR  Majesties  alighted  at  the  Selimgarh  Station  at  ten  o'clock,  where 

the  Viceroy  with   Lady   Hardinge  and    a   noble   assemblage  of  leading 

Indian    officials    and   Princes    were    in   waiting   to  receive  them,  while  the 

89 


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THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

guns  of  the  grey  old  fort  thundered  out  a  welcoming  salute  of  one  hundred 
and  one  guns.  After  the  native  Princes  had  been  presented,  His  Majesty 
mounted  his  charger,  and,  headed  by  the  heralds  and  the  various  staffs, 
the  State  Procession  was  formed,  in  the  following  order  :— 

THE    ROYAL    PROCESSION   MOUNTED. 

Captain  Raban.  Capt.    R.   E.   T.   Hogg.  Captain  H.  Hill. 

Capt.    L-    F.    Ashburner.  Major  the 

Hon.  W.  G.  S.  Cadogan. 
Hon.  Col.  Hafiz 

Major   H.    R.   Stockley.       Muhammad  Abdullah          Major  E.  D.  Money. 

Khan. 
Hon.  Col.  Sir 

Muhammad  Aslam  Khan.    Col.  Viscount  Hardinge.  Col.  F.  Goodwin. 

Col.  H.  E.  Stanton.          Br.-Gen.  H.  D'U.  Keary.  Br.-Gen.   C.   J.  Mellis. 

Br.-Gen.  Birdwood.              Capt.  B.  G.  Godfrey-  H.H.  Prince  George 

Faussett.  of  Battenberg. 

The  Hon.  Sir  Derek         Br.-Gen.  R.  E.  Grimston.  Com.  Sir  E.  Cust. 

Keppel.  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  H. 

Sir  Edward  Henry.               Gen.  Sir  E.  Barrow.  Smith-Dorrien. 

Sir  Henry  McMahon.           The  Lord-in-Waiting.  Lord  Stamfordham. 

H.H.  The  Maharajah  of  H.H.  The  Maharajah  of 

Bikaner  of  Bikaner.  Gwalior. 

Bodyguard. 

Household  Cavalry  Orderlies. 

H.E.  The  Commander-in-Chief.  H.H.  The  Duke  of  Teck. 

Major  C.  Wigram.  Major  Lord  C.  Fitzmaurice. 

<Ibc  Ikimj^Emperor. 

The  Marquis  of  Crewe.  O.C.  Escort. 

H.E.  The  Governor-General. 


(in  a  carriage  with  the  Duchess  of  Devonshire  and  the  Earl  of  Durham)  . 
The  O.C.   Bodyguard  riding  on  the  right  of  the  carriage  ;    Major-Gen.  Sir 
Pratap  Singh  on  the  left. 


THE    STATE    ENTRY    INTO     DELHI. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

Lt.-Col.  Watson,  Major-Gen.  Sir  Stuart  Beatson  (on  horseback). 

Second  Carriage. 
Lady  Hardinge,  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  and  A.D.C.-in-Waiting. 

Third  Carriage. 
The  Countess  of  Shaftesbury,  the  Hon.  Venetia  Baring,  Mr.  J.  H.  Du  Boulay. 

Fourth  Carriage. 
Mr.  F.  H.  Lucas,  Sir  James  Dunlop-Smith,  Rear-Admiral  Sir  Colin  Keppel. 

Fifth  Carriage. 
Lieut. -Colonel   Bird,   the  Hon.   J.   Fortescue,   Sir  R.   Havelock   Charles. 


H.H.     THE     NIZAM     OF     HYDERABAD    AND    SUITE    ARRIVING    AT    KIXGSWAY    STATION. 

The  route  of  the  Procession  lay  by  the  way  of  the  Khas  Road,  past  the 
Jamma  Musjid,  the  Chandni  Chauk,  Dufferin  Bridge,  the  Mori  Gate,  Rajpur 
Road,  and  via  the  Ridge  to  the  King-Emperor's  camp.  The  day  was  mag- 
nificent. A  cool  wind  tempered  the  rays  of  the  sun,  and  the  roads  and  roofs 
of  the  houses  were  everywhere  crowded  with  spectators,  who  watched  the 
passage  of  Their  Majesties  in  spellbound  silence,  as  is  the  Oriental  custom. 

93 


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THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

The  camp  was  reached  shortly  after  midday,  and  in  the  afternoon  the  King 
held  his  first  audience  of  Ruling  Chiefs. 

During  the  two  days  following,  viz.,  the  8th  and  gth  December,  His 
Majesty  continued  his  reception  of  the  native  Princes,  giving  to  each  an 
individual  audience  and  welcome.  On  the  loth,  Sunday,  Divine  Service 
was  held  at  Jagatpur  Island,  a  large  number  of  troops  with  massed  bands 
being  present.  On  the  nth,  colours  were  presented  to  various  battalions 
of  British  infantry,  and  in  the  afternoon  Their  Majesties  paid  a  visit  to  the 
polo-ground  to  witness  a  match  between  the  King's  Dragoon  Guards  and 
the  Inniskilling  regiment.  These  were  the  final  events  preliminary  to  the 
culminating  ceremonial  of  the  following  day,  the  great  Durbar  of  the  iath 
December. 

THE    DELHI    DURBAR 

JF  the  great  ceremonials  at  home  were  transcendent  in  their  magnificence 
and  religious  solemnity,  what  shall  be  said  of  the  Imperial  Durbar, 
in  its  Oriental  setting  ? 

That  far-off  sunlit  plain,  where  some  fifty  odd  years  ago  East  and  West 
met  in  deadly  conflict,  whilst  British  rule  in  India  hung  trembling  in  the 
balance,  was  now  about  to  behold  the  gathering  of  a  loyal  and  happy  multitude, 
such  as  India,  that  land  of  pageantry,  had  never  before  witnessed  ;  a  vast 
and  imposing  concourse,  assembled  to  pay  homage  and  allegiance  to  their 
newly-crowned  King-Emperor  from  beyond  the  Seas.  From  the  pine-clad 
Himalayas  to  the  palm-fringed  shores  of  Ceylon,  a  hundred  feudatories  and 
nigh  a  hundred  thousand  lieges  crowded  to  acclaim  their  sovereign. 

All  night  long  a  thin  but  continuous  stream  of  natives  had  been  creeping 
slowly  in  the  moonlight  along  the  main  roads  converging  on  the  camp,  and 
the  first  streaks  of  the  Indian  dawn  found  a  vast  concourse  of  all  races,  mostly 
on  foot,  others  in  tongas  and  in  gharries,  and  some  in  slow-footed  bullock- 
carts  with  their  gaudy  trappings,  wending  their  way  to  the  great  amphitheatre. 
Babus  in  their  white  dhoties,  long-haired  Pathans  from  the  hills,  sturdy  little 
Ghurkas,  tall,  lithe  Sikhs,  passed  in  long  procession  through  the  still  chilly 
atmosphere.  Then  followed  later  in  gorgeous  raiment,  scores  of  Native 

95 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Princes,  in  gilded  coaches  magnificently  horsed,  diamonds,  rubies,  emeralds 
and  every  other  gem  sparkling  in  the  early  sunlight  on  their  turbaned 
heads,  to  find  their  allotted  places  in  the  great  semi-circular  grand  stand 
facing  the  Shamiana,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  arena,  where  about  twelve 
thousand  privileged  spectators  were  seated. 

From  the  historic  Ridge,  which  during  those  fateful  weeks  re-echoed 
to  the  cannonade  of  Nicholson's  guns,  the  eye  traversed  a  panorama  of  gilded 
cupolas  and  minarets  and  snow-white  tents,  encircling  the  great  Royal 
Pavilion  of  white  and  crimson,  crowned  with  its  gilded  dome.  Surrounding 
the  latter  in  serried  ranks,  stood  file  upon  file  of  troops,  the  pick  of  British 
and  Native  regiments,  while  in  the  distance  the  view  was  closed  by  a  silent 
multitude  closely  packed  on  the  great  mound  which  had  been  thrown  up 
around  the  whole  of  the  northern  semicircle.  Here  not  a  foot  of  space  was 
left  unoccupied  ;  thousands  upon  thousands  of  snow-white  turbans  inter- 
mingled with  pagris  of  yellow  and  green,  the  effect  was  that  of  a  living  tapestry 
and  conveyed  an  indelible  impression  of  the  immensity  of  the  gathering. 
Truly  it  was  an  Imperial  scene,  calculated  to  strike  the  chords  that  lie  deepest 
in  the  human  mind,  and  every  one  who  was  privileged  to  witness  it  will  long 
carry  in  their  memories  a  vivid  picture  of  this  huge  coliseum  shimmering 
in  the  Indian  sunlight. 

Meantime  in  the  King-Emperor's  camp  by  nine  o'clock  the  Royal  Escort 
of  Horse  Artillery  was  being  formed,  and  at  half-past  ten  the  suite  began 
to  leave  for  the  amphitheatre,  followed  shortly  after  by  the  Viceroy  and  L,ady 
Hardinge.  At  half-past  eleven  Their  Majesties  left  the  camp  in  an  open 
landau  drawn  by  four  horses,  with  two  Indian  attendants  behind  them 
carrying  the  gold  and  crimson  umbrella  and  the  large  gold  fan-like  sunshade, 
the  Eastern  emblems  of  Royalty. 

The  King  was  dressed  in  a  white  satin  garment,  with  a  surcoat  of  purple 
velvet  edged  with  gold,  and  wore  his  Imperial  Crown,  blazing  with  diamonds, 
with  the  Collar  of  the  Garter  and  the  Order  of  the  Star  of  India.  Her  Majesty 
was  arrayed  in  white  with  gold  embroidery,  and  a  robe  of  purple,  and  wore 
a  circlet  of  emeralds  and  diamonds,  with  the  Orders  of  the  Garter  and  of 

96 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

the  Crown  of  India.  General  Rimington  and  Sir  Pratap  Singh  rode  beside 
their  carriage,  and  just  before  noon,  when  Their  Majesties  reached  the  entrance 
to  the  great  enclosure,  the  guns  thundered  forth  a  salute  of  one  hundred  and 
one  guns,  and  the  whole  of  the  vast  assemblage  rose  to  its  feet,  while  the 
long,  glittering  procession  passed  at  a  walking  pace  around  the  eastern  side 
of  the  circular  road  to  the  Shamiana  so  that  all  might  see  them. 

On  arriving  at  the  Shamiana  the  King  and  Queen  were  received  by  the 
Viceroy,  and  while  the  Royal  Standard  was  unfurled  from  the  towering 
flagstaff,  and  the  massed  bands  played  the  National  Anthem,  Their  Majesties 


THKIR     .MAJESTIES     ARRIVING     FOR     Til]-;     DT'RISAR     CEREMONY,     WEARING 

THEIR     CROWNS. 

ascended  and  took  their  seats  on  the  two  thrones  on  the  dai's.  On  either  side 
were  the  Viceroy  and  L,ady  Hardinge,  L,ord  Crewe,  the  Duke  of  Teck,  the 
Duchess  of  Devonshire,  Lord  Shaftesbury,  The  Honourable  Venetia  Baring 
and  others  in  attendance. 

Then  after  a  fanfare  of  trumpets  His  Majesty  rose  and,  the  whole  assembly 
rising  also,  read  in  his  customary  strong,  clear  voice,  the  following  speech  :— 

It  is  with  genuine  feelings  of  thankfulness  and  satisfaction  that 
I  stand  here  to-day  among  you.  This  year  has  been  to  the  Queen- 
Empress  and  myself  one  of  many  great  ceremonies  and  of  an  unusual 

G  97 


THEIR     MAJESTIES     CROWNED. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

though  happy  burden  of  toil.  But  in  spite  of  time  and  distance,  the 
grateful  recollections  of  our  last  visit  to  India  have  drawn  us  again  to  the 
land  which  we  then  learned  to  love,  and  we  started  with  bright  hopes 
on  our  long  journey  to  revisit  the  country  in  which  we  had  already 
met  the  kindness  of  a  home. 

In  doing  so  I  have  fulfilled  the  wish  expressed  in  my  message 
of  last  July,  to  announce  to  you  in  person  my  Coronation,  celebrated 
on  the  22nd  June  in  Westminster  Abbey,  when  by  the  Grace  of  God  the 
Crown  of  my  forefathers  was  placed  on  my  head  with  solemn  form  and 
ancient  ceremony. 

By  my  presence  with  the  Queen-Empress  I  am  also  anxious  to 
show  our  affection  for  the  loyal  Princes  and  faithful  peoples  of  India, 
and  how  dear  to  our  hearts  is  the  welfare  and  happiness  of  the  Indian 
Empire. 

It  is  a  sincere  pleasure  and  gratification  to  myself  and  the  Queen- 
Empress  to  behold  this  vast  assemblage  and  in  it  my  governors  and 
trusty  officials,  my  great  Princes,  the  representatives  of  the  peoples, 
and  deputations  from  the  military  forces  of  my  Indian  Dominions. 

I  shall  receive  in  person  with  heartfelt  satisfaction  the  homage 
and  allegiance  which  they  loyally  desire  to  render. 

I  am  deeply  impressed  with  the  thought  that  a  spirit  of  sympathy 
and  affectionate  goodwill  unites  Princes  and  peoples  with  me  on  this 
historic  occasion. 

Finally  I  rejoice  to  have  this  opportunity  of  renewing  in  my  own 
person  those  assurances  which  have  been  given  you  by  my  revered 
predecessors  of  the  maintenance  of  your  rights  and  privileges  and  of 
my  earnest  concern  for  your  welfare,  peace,  and  contentment. 

To  all  present,  feudatories  and  subjects,  I  tender  our  loving 
greeting. 

At  the  conclusion  of  His  Majesty's  speech,  which  was  received  in  mute 
homage  by  his  Indian  subjects  and  with  cheering  and  acclamation  by  the 
Europeans,  the  Governor-General,  the  High  Officials,  and  the  Ruling  Chiefs 
approached  to  do  homage  in  their  respective  orders  of  precedence.  First 

99 


THE     KING-EMPEROR'S     BODYGUARD    (THE     IMPERIAL     CADET     CORPS). 


THE     YOUNG     PRINCES     ATTENDANT    ON     THEIR     MAJESTIES     AT     THE     DURBAR. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

came  the  Viceroy,  then  the  Members  of  the  Executive  Council,  followed  by 
the  Chiefs  of  Hyderabad,  Baroda,  Mysore,  Kashmir,  Rajputana,  Central 
India,  Baluchistan,  and  Sikkim  and  Bhutan.  After  these  came  the  Chief 
Justice  and  Judges  of  the  High  Courts,  the  Members  of  the  legislative  Council, 
the  Governors  and  lieutenant-Governors  of  Madras,  Bombay,  Bengal,  the 
Punjab,  Burma  and  Eastern  Bengal  and  Assam,  and  the  Chief  Commissioners 


MAJOR-GENERAL     H.JI.     SIR     PRATAP     SINGH     OF     IDAR,     G.C.S.I.,  K.C.B.    A.D.C. 

of  the  Central  and  North-West  Provinces,  the  entire  ceremony,  which  was 
most  impressive  and  picturesque,  occupying  about  an  hour. 

The  homage  ended,  Their  Majesties  arose.     The  massed  bands  struck 
up  a  march.     The  whole  assemblage  rose  to  its  feet,  and  hand-in-hand  the 

101 


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THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

King  and  Queen  walked  slowly  in  procession  from  the  Shamiana  along  the 
paved  roadway  to  the  great  Royal  Pavilion.  With  the  mace-bearers  in  front 
of  them  and  followed  by  their  suite,  they  ascended  the  steps  and  took  their 
seats  on  two  gorgeous  thrones,  in  full  view  of  all  the  multitude  of  people. 

Again  a  loud  nourish  of  trumpets  and  a  roll  of  drums,  and  from  outside 
the  amphitheatre  the  heralds  advanced  through  the  north  entrance,  accom- 
panied by  twenty-four  trumpeters,  mounted  on  white  horses.  As  they 
advanced  along  the  central  road,  they  halted  thrice,  and  blew  a  fanfare. 
Then  the  chief  herald,  riding  up  before  the  pavilion,  read  the  King-Emperor's 
proclamation  as  follows  :— 

WHEREAS,  by  our  Royal  Proclamations  bearing  date  the  nine- 
teenth day  of  July  and  the  seventh  day  of  November  in  the  Year  of 
Our  lyord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  ten  in  the  First  Year  of  Our 
Reign.  We  did  publish  and  declare  Our  Royal  intention,  by  the  Favour 
and  Blessing  of  Almighty  God,  to  celebrate  the  Solemnity  of  Our  Royal 
Coronation  upon  the  twenty-second  day  of  June,  one  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  eleven  ; 

AND  WHEREAS,  by  the  Favour  and  Blessing  of  Almighty  God, 
We  were  enabled  to  celebrate  the  said  Solemnity  upon  Thursday,  the 
twenty- second  of  June  last  ; 

AND  WHEREAS,  by  Our  Royal  Proclamation  bearing  date  the 
twenty-second  day  of  March  in  the  Year  of  Our  I^ord  one  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  eleven  in  the  First  Year  of  Our  Reign,  we  did  declare  that 
it  was  Our  wish  and  desire  Ourselves  to  make  known  to  all  Our  loving 
Subjects  within  Our  Indian  Dominions  that  the  said  Solemnity  had 
so  been  celebrated,  and  to  call  to  Our  Presence  Our  Governors,  Lieutenant  - 
Governors,  and  other  of  Our  Officers,  the  Princes,  Chiefs,  and  Nobles  of 
the  Native  States  under  Our  Protection,  and  the  Representatives  of  all 
the  Provinces  of  Our  Indian  Empire  : 

Now  We  do,  by  this  Our  Royal  Proclamation,  make  announcement 
thereof  and  extend  to  all  Our  Officers,  and  to  all  Princes,  Chiefs  and 
Peoples  now  at  Delhi  assembled  Our  Royal  and  Imperial  greeting  and 

103 


THE     KING     AM)     QUEEN     SHOWING     THEMSELVES     TO     THE     PEOPLE     BELOW 

THE     FORT. 


THE     REVIEW     BY     HIS     MAJESTY. 
THE     BIKANER     CAMEL     CORPS     PASSING     THE     SALUTING     POINT. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

assure  them  of  the  deep  affection  with  which  We  regard  Our  Indian 
Empire,  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  which  are  and  ever  will  be  Our 
constant  concern. 

Given   at   Our   Court    at    Delhi,    the   twelfth    day  of   December, 
one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eleven  in  the  Second  Year  of  Our  Reign. 


Save  TLbc   1kiiu>]£mpcror. 


The  Indian  Herald  then  repeated  the  Proclamation  in  Urdu  :  there 
was  another  blast  of  trumpets,  the  bands  burst  into  the  National  Anthem, 
the  troops  presented  arms,  the  artillery  fired  salvo  upon  salvo,  and  the  whole 
line  of  troops  along  the  route  of  three  miles  from  the  King's  Camp  fired  a 
feu  de  joie,  while  the  great  concourse  of  people  stood  silent,  gazing  at  the 
two  central  figures  of  the  King  and  Queen,  likewise  standing,  raised  high 
above  them  under  the  shining  canopy,  in  their  gorgeous  robes.  It  was  the 
culminating  moment  of  the  great  day. 

At  last  the  booming  of  the  cannon  died  away.  Their  Majesties  descended 
the  steps  of  the  Pavilion  and  returned  hand-in-hand  to  the  Shamiana,  the 
procession  being  formed  as  before.  And  now,  when  all  thought  the  official 
programme  was  finished,  came  the  great  surprise  of  the  day.  Standing  in 
the  Shamiana  and  reading  in  a  clear  voice  from  a  paper  in  his  hand,  the 
King-Emperor  made  the  historic  announcement  of  the  change  of  the  capital 
from  Calcutta  to  Delhi.  While  the  news  flew  from  mouth  to  mouth,  the 
trumpeters  blew  a  last  fanfare,  Their  Majesties  descended  and  re-entered 
their  carriage  and  drove  off  amid  loud  cheering,  followed  by  the  Imperial 
suite,  while  the  people  crowded  in  thousands  round  the  Pavilion  and  the 
Shamiana,  many  of  them  prostrating  themselves  before  the  empty  thrones 
and  on  the  marble  steps. 

Thus  ended  the  great  Durbar,  a  scene  the  story  of  which  will  be  carried 
far  and  wide  by  those  who  saw  it,  rajah  and  ryot,  to  the  remotest  villages  of 
India,  to  be  handed  down  and  repeated  to  their  children's  children,  in  the 
years  to  come. 

105 


3 
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THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 


NEPAL,    CALCUTTA    AND    THE    HOMEWARD    VOYAGE 

(~)F  the  chief  events,  official  and  unofficial,  which  followed  after  the 
ceremony  of  the  great  Durbar,  and  of  their  Majesties'  movements  from 
the  I3th  December,  1911,  until  the  time  of  their  re-embarkation  at  Bombay 
on  the  loth  January,  1912,  and  their  safe  arrival  at  Portsmouth  on  the  5th 
February,  it  is  now  necessary,  for  the  purposes  of  this  record,  to  give  a  brief 
chronological  account. 

Dec.  13.  On  this  day  a  National  Festival  was  held  in  Delhi,  com- 
prising agreat  religious  assemblage  of  all  creeds,  Mahomedans,  Hindus,  Sikhs, 
Jains,  etc.,  drawn  from  all  parts  of  India.  In  the  morning  loyal  prayers  for 
the  King-Emperor  were  offered  in  the  Jama  Musjid,  and  elsewhere,  and 
later  the  various  religious  processions  met,  to  the  number  of  half  a  million 
people,  on  the  plain  beneath  the  walls  of  the  Fort.  In  the  afternoon,  Their 
Majesties  appeared  on  the  historic  balcony  (known  as  Shah  Jehan's  balcony), 
overlooking  the  plain,  and  sitting,  robed  and  crowned,  showed  themselves  to 
the  multitude,  who  subsequently  defiled  past  them. 

Dec.  14.  Review  by  His  Majesty  of  about  50,000  troops  of  all  ranks 
under  the  command  of  General  Sir  O'Moore  Creagh,  at  Dahirpur.  Many 
of  the  Indian  Chiefs  led  their  cavalry  past  in  person,  including  the  Maharajah 
of  Gwalior,  the  Maharajah  of  Bikaner  and  the  youthful  Maharajahs  of  Jodhpur 
and  Bahawalpur.  In  the  evening  an  Investiture  was  held,  when  the  Queen- 
Empress  was  the  first  to  be  invested  with  the  Order  of  the  Star  of  India. 

Dec.  15.  This  morning  Their  Majesties  laid  the  first  stones  of  the 
New  Delhi,  near  the  Indian  Government's  Camp,  after  a  brief  ceremony, 
and  in  the  afternoon  witnessed  a  military  tournament  at  the  polo-ground. 

Dec.  16.  Last  day  at  Delhi.  In  the  morning  most  of  the  Ruling 
Chiefs  came  to  take  leave  of  the  King,  and  the  parting  between  them  and 
His  Majesty  was  one  of  more  than  mere  formality.  At  noon  Their  Majesties 
drove  in  procession  to  Selimgarh  station,  and  left  Delhi,  the  King-Emperor  on 
his  way  to  Nepal,  the  Queen-Empress  departing  by  a  different  route  for 
Agra. 

107 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Dec.  18.  Arrival  of  the  Royal  train  at  Bikna  Thori,  where  the  King  was 
received  by  the  Prime  Minister  of  Nepal,  Sir  Chandra  Sher  Jang  Bahadur, 
G.C.B.,  who  was  awaiting  His  Majesty  on  the  borders  of  his  State,  along 
with  the  British  Resident,  Colonel  Manners  Smith,  V.C.,  and  other  officials. 

Dec.  19-28.  His  Majesty  in  camp  at  Kasra  and  other  game  centres 
in  Nepal,  where  the  Maharajah  had  made  elaborate  preparations  for  big  game 
shooting  on  an  extensive  scale.  Over  six:  hundred  elephants  were  provided 
and  miles  of  roads  cut  through  the  jungle,  for  the  passage  of  motor-cars,  etc. 


LEAVING     CAMP     FOR     THE     SHOOT. 

During  these  ten  days,  the  King  enjoyed  magnificent  sport,  the  total  bag 
being  thirty-nine  tigers,  eighteen  rhinoceros  and  four  bears,  of  which  twenty- 
one  tigers,  eight  rhinoceros  and  one  bear  (thirty  head  in  all)  fell  to  His 
Majesty's  own  rifle. 

At  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  of  the  28th,  after  bidding  the  hospitable 
Maharajah  farewell,  and  decorating  him  with  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Victorian 
Order,  the  King-Emperor  left  Nepal  and  its  pleasant  memories  behind, 
and  proceeding  by  way  of  Muzaffurpur  and  Patna  arrived  the  following 
afternoon  (agth  December)  at  Bankipore  station.  Here  he  was  rejoined 

108 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

by  Her  Majesty  the  Queen,  who  had,  in  the  interval  since  leaving  Delhi,  paid 
a  succession  of  visits  to  Agra,  Jeypur,  Ajmere,  Kotah  and  other  places,  where 
she  had  been  most  loyally  and  magnificently  entertained. 

Dec.  30.  Arrival  at  Calcutta.  Their  Majesties  reached  Howrah 
station  at  noon,  and  were  received  by  the  Governor-General  and  L,ady  Har- 
dinge,  and  after  crossing  the  Hoogly,  landed  at  Prinsep's  Ghat,  whence  they 
drove  in  procession  by  a  circuitous  route  through  the  City  to  Government 
House.  The  roads  were  everywhere  densely  lined  with  loyal  and  enthusi- 
astic crowds,  and  the  streets  and  shipping  were  gaily  decorated. 


PAGEAXT     PROCKSSIOX     AT     CALCUTTA. 

Jan.  2.  "  Proclamation  Parade  Day,"  commemorating  the  assumption 
of  the  title  by  Queen  Victoria  of  Empress  of  India,  by  a  parade  of  troops 
on  the  Review  ground,  at  which  Their  Majesties  were  present.  In  the  evening 
His  Majesty  held  a  levee  at  Government  House. 

Jan.  3.  This  afternoon  the  King-Emperor  and  Queen-Empress 
honoured  the  Calcutta  Races  with  their  presence.  In  the  evening  there 
was  a  torchlight  tattoo  on  the  Maidan — a  most  beautiful  spectacle — followed 

109 


THE     KING  EMPEROR     AND     THE     VICEROY     PROCEEDING     TO     THE     REVIEW. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

by  a  magnificent  display  of  illuminations  and  fireworks,  which,  were  witnessed 
by  great  throngs  of  people. 

Jan.  4.  The  King-Emperor  held  an  Investiture  at  Government 
House  in  the  evening,  Their  Majesties  afterwards  holding  a  Court. 

Jan.  5.  Their  Majesties  drove  to  the  Maidan  to  witness  a  Pageant 
which  had  been  prepared  for  the  occasion,  in  celebration  of  the  native  festivals 
of  Nawroz  and  Daseharah,  at  which  a  sumptuous  spectacle  was  provided  by 
the  generosity  of  a  number  of  the  Indian  Chiefs,  consisting  of  long  trains  of 
elephants,  camels  and  horses  in  magnificent  trappings,  mingled  with  gorgeous 
chariots  and  troops  of  horsemen  and  foot  soldiers.  This  was  succeeded  by 
the  historic  war-dance  of  the  Orissa  Paiks.  A  number  of  presentations  were 
also  made  to  Their  Imperial  Majesties,  who  then  drove  slowly  through  the 
assembled  crowds  to  Government  House,  the  return  journey  being  marked 
by  great  manifestations  of  loyalty  and  reverence  on  the  part  of  the  native 
population.  The  day  closed  with  a  ball  at  Government  House. 

Jan.  8.  Departure  from  Calcutta.  All  the  principal  officials  attended 
at  Government  House  to  take  leave  of  Their  Majesties,  who  then  drove  to 
Prinsep's  Ghat,  through  vast  crowds,  and  crossed  the  Hoogly  to  Howrah 
station,  amid  salutes  from  Fort  William  and  H.M.S.  Highflyer,  and  at  12.15 
p.m.  the  Royal  train  steamed  away  on  its  long  journey  to  Bombay. 

Jan.  10.  Bombay.  Their  Majesties  arrived  at  the  Victoria  Terminus 
at  noon  and  drove  in  procession  to  the  Apollo  Bundar,  where  they  alighted 
and  took  their  seats  upon  two  thrones  beneath  a  pavilion  which  had  been 
erected  near  the  landing-place.  Here  the  leading  officials,  civil  and  military, 
and  many  of  the  Indian  Chiefs  were  presented  to  Their  Majesties,  and  after 
a  final  and  affecting  farewell,  the  King  and  Queen  proceeded  on  board  the  Royal 
launch  and  once  more  embarked  on  the  Medina.  Here,  last  of  all,  the  Vice- 
roy took  leave,  and  at  six  o'clock  the  great  ship  weighed  anchor,  and  with  her 
attendant  cruisers  steamed  away  on  her  homeward  voyage. 

Jan.  17.  The  Medina  arrived  at  Port  Sudan,  where  Their  Majesties 
disembarked  and  were  received  by  Lord  Kitchener,  Sir  Reginald  and  L,ady 
Wingate,  Sir  Rudolph  Slatin  Pasha  and  other  high  officials.  Their  Majesties 

in 


AT     CALCUTTA. 

(Left  to  right)  Admiral  Sir  Hcdworth-Lainbtoii,    Countess   of  Mar   and   Kellie,    Lady   Lambton,  Lord 
Charles  Montague,  Lord  Ilardinge's  daughter,  and  Lady  Sefton. 


THE     DEPARTURE     FROM     BOMBAY. 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

thereafter  went  by  train  to  Sinkat  and  witnessed  a  parade  ot  native  Soudanese 
troops,  returning  in  the  evening  to  the  Medina,  which  then  resumed  her  journey 
to  Port  Said. 

Jan.  20.  Arrival  at  Port  Said,  where  His  Highness  the  Khedive  came 
on  board  to  welcome  Their  Majesties. 

Jan.  21.     Departure  from  Port  Said. 


THE i  KING-EMPEROR'S  ,  CUP     RACE     AT     CALCUTTA. 

Jan.  24.  Arrival  at  Malta  at  10  a.m.,  when  salutes  of  twenty-one  guns 
were  fired  by  the  forts  and  all  the  warships,  British  and  Foreign,  in  the  Harbour. 
Their  Majesties  dined  in  the  evening  with  the  Naval  Commander-in-Chief  and 
I,ady  Poe  at  Admiralty  House,  and  afterwards  attended  a  gala  performance 
at  the  Opera. 

Jan.  27.     The  Medina  sailed  from  Malta  for  Gibraltar. 

Jan.  30.  Their  Majesties  arrived  at  Gibraltar  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  the  weather  being  wet  and  squally.  Owing  to  the  sad  news  of  the 

H  113 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

death  of  the  Duke  of  Fife  at  Khartoum,  most  of  the  arrangements  which  had 
been  made  for  their  reception  had  to  be  cancelled,  but  the  King  received 
the  Governor,  Sir  Archibald  Hunter,  and  others  of  the  officials,  who  came 
on  board  to  welcome  Their  Majesties.  On  the  following  day  the  King  and 
Queen  went  on  shore  and  visited  the  Military  Hospital,  after  witnessing  a 
parade  of  troops  of  the  garrison  ;  and  at  6  p.m.  the  Medina  started  on  the 
final  stage  of  her  voyage. 

ARRIVAL   AT    PORTSMOUTH. 

Spithead  was  safely  reached,  after  a  stormy  passage  through  the  Bay 
of   Biscay,  on  the  morning  of  Sunday,  the  4th  February.     Early  next  day 


LANDING     AT     PORTSMOUTH. 

the  Royal  train  started  from  Portsmouth,  with  the  King  and  Queen, 
accompanied  by  Queen  Alexandra,  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  Princess 
Victoria,  who  had  travelled  from  London  to  meet  them.  On  their 
arrival  at  Victoria  station,  Their  Majesties  were  welcomed  by  a  large 
and  distinguished  assemblage,  including  Prince  and  Princess  Christian  of 
Schleswig-Holstein,  Princess  Louise  (Duchess  of  Argyll)  and  the  Duke  of 
Argyll,  the  Duchess  of  Albany  and  others  of  the  Royal  Family  ;  the  members 
of  the  Corps  Diplomatique,  the  Prime  Minister  and  other  members  of  the 

114 


THE    VISIT    TO    INDIA 

Cabinet,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  the  Marquis  and  Marchioness  of  Lansdowne,  Field-Marshal  the 
Earl  Roberts,  and  many  other  distinguished  personages. 

HOME   AGAIN. 

After  receiving  from  all  present  warm  homage  and  cordial  congratula- 
tions on  their  safe  return,  Their  Majesties,  who  looked  remarkably  well  after 


THEIR    MAJESTIES'    RETURN. 

their  long  journey,  entered  their  four-horsed  carriage,  and  attended  by  an 
Escort  of  the  Royal  Horse  Guards,  drove  by  way  of  Victoria  Street,  Parliament 
Square,  Whitehall  and  the  Mall  to  Buckingham  Palace.  In  spite  of  the 
biting  wind,  the  pavements  were  thronged  with  people,  anxious  to  cheer 
Their  Majesties  on  their  home-coming,  and  after  the  procession  disappeared 

"5 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

through  the  archway  of  the  Palace,  a  great  crowd  waited  patiently  in  the 
cold,  singing  the  National  Anthem  and  "  Home,  Sweet  Home,"  until  the 
well-known  window  opened  and  the  King  and  Queen  appeared  on  the  balcony, 
when  they  were  again  greeted  with  cheer  upon  cheer,  which  were  graciously 
acknowledged  by  Their  Majesties  with  manifest  signs  of  appreciation.  Thus 
ended  another  episode  eloquent  of  London's  loyalty. 


116 


THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN    SAINT    PAUL'S 


CHAPTER     V 

THE    THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN 
SAINT    PAUL'S    CATHEDRAL 


ON  Wednesday,  the  6th  February,  the  day  following  their  return,  the 
King  and  Queen  drove  in  state  from  Buckingham    Palace  to    St. 
Paul's    Cathedral  to  attend  a  solemn  Service  of   Thanksgiving  for 
their  safe  return  from  their  long  voyage. 

Despite  a  cold  wind  and  a  damp,  grey  mist,  which  rendered  the  conditions 
most  uninviting,  and  deprived  what  would  otherwise  have  been  a  picturesque 
scene  of  all  its  brightness,  great  crowds  gathered  in  the  wet  and  murky  streets, 
and  their  hearty  cheers  of  welcome,  accompanied  by  the  singing  here  and 
there  of  the  National  Anthem,  recalled  the  enthusiastic  scenes  of  the  previous 
year  in  all  their  fervour  and  loyalty. 

The  Procession  was  timed  to  leave  Buckingham  Palace  at  11.40  a.m., 
and  the  route  to  the  Cathedral  lay  through  the  Mall,  Marlborough  Yard, 
Pall  Mall,  Duncannon  Street,  the  Strand,  Fleet  Street  and  Ludgate  Hill.  It 
consisted  of  five  open  state  landaus,  each  drawn  by  four  bay  horses.  Their 
Majesties  were  accompanied  in  the  first  carriage  by  the  Prince  of  Wales  and 
Princess  Mary,  while  Prince  George  was  in  the  second  carriage,  along  with  the 
Duchess  of  Devonshire,  The  Countess  of  Shaftesbury  and  the  Earl  of  Granard, 
Master  of  the  Horse. 

117 


THEIR   MAJESTIES   AT   SAINT   PAUL'S   CATHEDRAL. 


THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN    SAINT    PAUL'S 

The  full  order  of  the  Procession  was  as  follows  : — 

First  Division  of  Escort. 

First  Carriage. 
State  Postillion  Landau  and  four  bay  horses. 

Left  Troop  1bl0  fll>aje9t\>  £bC  Iking.  Squadron 

Leader.  Ifoci*  flDajest\>  £be   (SUteeil.  Commander. 

H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 
H.R.H.  the  Princess  Mary. 

RIDERS. 

Major-General  Lieut. -General 

Sir  A.  E.  Codrington,  Sir  H.  L.  Smith-Dorrien, 

General  Officer  Commanding  Aicle-de-Camp 

the  London  District.  General  in  Waiting. 

Major  Captain  Hon. 

Lord  Charles  Major  Sir  Charles 

Fitzmaurice,  Clive  Wigram,  Fitzwilliam, 

Equerry  in  Equerry  in                                            Crown 

Waiting  Waiting.                                             Equerry. 

Lieut.-Colonel  H.  H. 

Colonel  G.  C.  Nugent,  the  Duke  of  Teck, 

Field  Officer  in  Brigade  Waiting  Silver  Stick  in  Waiting. 

Captain  the  Hon.  J.  F. 

Hepburn-Stuart-  Captain  G.  E.  M. 
Forbes-Trefusis,  Mundy, 

Adjutant  in  Brigade  Silver  Stick 

Waiting.  Adjutant. 

Second  Division  of  Escort. 

Second  Carnage. 

State  Postillion  Landau  and  four  bay  horses. 
H.R.H.  the  Prince  George. 
119 


THE     BISHOP     OF     LONDON. 


THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN    SAINT    PAUL'S 

The  Duchess  of  Devonshire, 
Mistress  of  the  Robes. 

The  Countess  of  Shaftesbury, 

Lady  in  Waiting. 

The  Earl  of  Granard, 
Master  of  the  Horse. 

Third  Carriage. 

State  Postillion  Landau  and  four  bay  horses. 
The  Hon.  Venetia  Baring, 

Maid  of  Honour. 

The  Earl  of  Durham, 
Lord  High  Steward. 

The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
Lord  Chamberlain  to  the  Queen. 

Fourth  Carriage. 
State  Postillion  Landau  and  four  bay  horses. 

The  Lord  Annaly, 

Lord  in  Waiting. 

Lieut. -Col.  Right  Hon.  Sir  W.  Carington, 
Keeper  of   the  Privy  Purse. 

Lieut. -Col.  the  Lord  Stamfordham, 
Private  Secretary. 

Captain  Philip  Hunloke, 
Groom  in  Waiting. 

Fifth  Carriage. 
State  Postillion  Landau  and  four  bay  horses. 

Commander  Sir  Charles  Cust, 
Equerry  in  Waiting. 

The  Hon.  Sir  Derek  Keppel, 
Equerry  in  Waiting. 

121 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

Lieut. -Col.  Sir  Frederick  Ponsonby, 

Equerry  in  Waiting. 

Captain  B.  Godfrey-Faussett,  R.N., 

Equerry  in  Waiting. 

A  Captain's  Escort,  without  Standard. 
Scarlet  Liveries. 


Milts  S.   Kaye. 

THE    RIGHT   HOX.    THE    LORD    MAYOR   (SIR   THOMAS    BOOR   CROSBY). 

The  King  was  dressed  in  the  uniform  of  a  Field-Marshal  and  Her  Majesty 
wore  sable  furs  and  a  black  velvet  hat  with  black  ostrich  plumes.  The  Prince 
of  Wales  was  in  midshipman's  uniform,  and  Princess  Mary  in  black.  A 

122 


THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN    SAINT    PAUL'S 

rousing  welcome  greeted  them  as  they  emerged  from  the  Palace  and  cheer 
upon  cheer  accompanied  them  as  they  passed  along  the  Mall  to  Duncannon 
Street,  where  a  brief  halt  was  made  in  order  that  the  King  might  receive  an 
address  of  welcome  from  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  Westminster.  At 
Temple  Bar,  where  great  crowds  had  assembled,  the  Lord  Mayor,  in  scarlet 
robe  and  ermine  cape,  with  the  Sheriffs  and  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London, 
were  waiting  to  receive  His  Majesty  according  to  the  old-time  function,  and 
precisely  at  midday  the  Royal  procession  reached  the  west  door  of  the  great 
Cathedral,  where  they  were  formally  received  by  the  Dean,  the  Canons  Resi- 
dentiary, and  the  clergy  of  the  Cathedral. 

Meantime  a  great  and  representative  gathering  of  over  five  thousand 
people  had  assembled  beneath  the  vast  Cathedral  roof.  Long  before  the  hour 
fixed  for  the  service  they  commenced  to  arrive,  and  in  a  dense  mass  filled 
all  the  available  spaces  in  the  nave  and  the  aisles.  Galleries  had  also  been 
erected  high  above  the  doors,  which  afforded  accommodation  for  others.  A 
band  of  officers  and  men  selected  from  the  crew  of  the  Medina  were  present. 
Among  the  earlier  arrivals  were  the  French  and  German  Ambassadors,  and 
the  Ambassadors  and  Ministers  representing  Austria,  Spain,  Japan,  the  Nether- 
lands, and  other  Powers.  Following  them  came  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  the 
Marquis  of  Lansdowne,  Earl  Carrington,  Lord  Midleton,  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen, 
and  many  others  of  the  nobility,  until  by  half-past  eleven  every  visitor  had 
arrived  save  the  members  of  the  Royal  Family.  They  also  came  a  few 
minutes  later,  namely,  the  Duchess  of  Albany,  Prince  and  Princess  Christian, 
Princess  Louise  and  the  Duke  of  Argyll  and  others,  and  took  their  places  in 
front  of  the  chancel  steps,  while  the  magnificent  orchestra,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Cathedral's  distinguished  organist,  Sir  George  Martin,  played  Mendels- 
sohn's wonderful  "  Hymn  of  Praise." 

Punctually  at  midday,  a  fanfare  of  trumpets  outside  announced  the 
arrival  of  Their  Majesties,  and  while  the  great  congregation  rose  and  stood 
motionless,  the  procession,  which  had  been  quickly  formed,  entered  in  striking 
array  and  went  slowly  up  the  aisle  to  the  carpeted  dais.  First,  the  Minor 
Canons,  preceded  by  the  Cross-Bearer,  and  then  the  Prebendaries,  followed 

123 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

by  some  twenty  Bishops  in  their  vestments.  To  these  succeeded  the  Arch- 
bishops of  Canterbury  and  York,  the  Canons  Residentiary,  and  the  vSheriffs 
and  the  Lord  Mayor,  the  latter  bearing  the  Pearl  Sword  of  the  City  of  London. 
Then  came  Their  Majesties  the  King  and  Queen,  Queen  Alexandra,  the  Prince 

of  Wales,  Princess 
Mary  and  others  of 
the  Royal  Family, 
followed  by  the 
Dean  of  St.  Paul's. 

When  the  Royal 
party  had  taken 
their  seats  almost 
beneath  the  centre 
of  the  great  dome, 
the  City  Sword  was 
deposited  in  front 
of  His  Majesty,  the 
clergy  proceeded  to 
the  Sanctuary,  and 
the  Lord  Mayor  and 
Sheriffs  to  their 
stalls.  Then  the 
low  rumble  of  the 
drums  slowly  grew 
into  the  opening 
chords  of  the 
National  Anthem, 
and  to  the  swelling 
strains  of  the  great 
organ,  the  whole  vast  assemblage  took  up  the  loyal  Hymn.  Then  followed  the 
"Te  Deum  Laudamus,"  to  Sir  George  Martin's  beautiful  setting,  after  which 
the  special  Collects  and  Prayers,  specially  written  for  the  State  Service  at  Delhi, 
were  said.  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  standing  on  the  chancel  steps 


THE   LADY    MAYORESS. 


124 


THANKSGIVING    SERVICE    IN    SAINT    PAUL'S 

with  his  cross  beside  him,  next  preached  in  clear  and  ringing  tones  a  brief  but 
moving  sermon.  "  Through  three  months  of  a  dark  winter  at  home,"  he 
said,  "we  at  home  have  daily  prayed  that  God  would  preserve  by  sea  and 

land  our  King  and  our  Queen,  and 
that  their  journey  might  tend  to 
the  increase  of  goodwill  among  the 
peoples  of  India.  Shall  we  fail  to 
give  thanks  now  for  the  'rich,  the 
almost  startlingly  rich,  answer  to 
our  prayers  ?  .  .  .  .  When 
Christmas  came  our  King  and 
Queen  were  more  than  seven 
thousand  miles  away.  But  the  old 
refrain  of  the  Christmas  message, 
'  Peace  on  earth,  goodwill  towards 
men,'  rang  out  for  us  with  an  added 
note  of  meaning  as  our  Christmas 
prayers  went  up  to  God,  and  the 
goodwill  in  East  and  West  is 
on  everybody's  lips  to-day. 


Mius  s.  Kay*.  centuries  ago  the  old  world  used  to 

SHERIFF    BRIGGS. 

see  what  men  called  a  '  triumph  ' 

when  the  victor  brought  back  to  the  centre  of  Empire  the  far-off  chiefs 
whom  he,  had  conquered.  Our  triumph  song  to-day  is  for  the  conquest, 
not  of  foemen,  but  of  friends,  and  the  bonds  are  woven  strands  of 
loyalty  and  love."  Then  with  uplifted  hands,  the  Archbishop  pronounced 
his  benediction  :  —  "  The  Lord  preserve  your  going  out  and  your  coming  in 
from  this  time  forth  and  even  for  evermore,"  to  which  the  whole  congregation 
responded  with  a  fervent  "  Amen." 

The  brief  but  impressive  service  was  finished.  Beethoven's  joyous 
"  Hallelujah  Chorus  "  was  played,  the  Archbishop  gave  his  final  blessing, 
and  to  the  strains  of  the  noble  chorale  "  Nun  danket  alle  Gott,"  sung  by 
the  massed  choirs  and  the  vast  congregation,  Their  Majesties  returned  in 

125 


CORONATION    OF    KING    GEORGE    V. 

procession  to  the  west  door,  and  amid  the  impulsive  cheering  of  the  tens  of 
thousands    gathered    around    the    Cathedral,    entered    their    carriage.     The 
return  journey  was  made  by  way  of  Ludgate  Hill,  New  Bridge  Street,  the 
Victoria    Embankment,    Northum- 
berland   Avenue,     the     Admiralty 
Arch  and  the  Mall  to  Buckingham 
Palace,   which  was    reached  about 
half-past  one  o'clock,  through  vast 
lines  of  cheering  crowds  along  the 
whole  of  the  route.       As  formerly, 
Their   Majesties,    on   this    occasion 
accompanied    by     the     Prince     of 
Wales,  Princess  Victoria  and  Prince 
George,  showed  themselves  on  the 
balcony  to  the  delighted  people. 


Thus  ended  the  final  scene, 
and  with  it,  the  ceremonies  of  the 
Great  Coronation  ;  and,  while  the 
curtain  is  rung  down  on  the  closing 
act  of  this  Historical  Pageant,  let 

us  again,  with  one  accord,  echo  the  Nation's  prayer  that,  with  the 
Grace  of  God,  Their  Majesties  may  long  live  to  reign  over  a  Happy 
and  Contented  People,  and  that  Peace  and  Prosperity  may  prevail 
throughout  the  Empire. 


Mila  S.  Kavc 


SHERIFF    HANSON. 


GOD    SAVE    THE    KING. 


126 


PART    II 


BIOGRAPHIES 


LEADING     MEN     OF     THE     EMPIRE. 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  THE  CONTINENT. 


DORN  at  Edenbridge,  Kent,  the  2gth  December,  1861,  DR.  WALTER  ALC'OCK 
received  a  musical  education  at  the  National  Training  School  for  Music, 
where  he  gained  the  Society  of  Arts  Scholarship  in  1876.  He  studied  for 
five  years  under  Sir 
Arthur  Sullivan,  Sir  John 
Stainer,  Sir  Frederick 
Bridge,  Dr.  Eaton 
Failing,  Dr.  Prout,  Dr. 
W.  H.  Monk,  and  Mr. 
John  Francis  Barnett. 
Subsequently  he  received 
the  following  appoint- 
ments :  organist  of 
Twickenham  Parish 
Church,  1880-1887  ;  of 
Quebec  Chapel,  W.,  1887- 
1895  ;  of  Holy  Trinity, 
Sloane  Street,  1895-1900; 
organist  and  composer 
to  H.M.'s  Chapels  Royal, 
1902  ;  organist  at  the 
Coronation  of  King 

Edward  and  Queen  Alexandra ;  organist  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  V. 
and  Queen  Mary,  and  composer  of  the  music  to  the  "  Sanctus  "  at  the  latter 
ceremony.  For  his  services  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George,  he  was  created 
M.V.O.  (5th  Class).  Dr.  Alcock  was  appointed  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 


DR.    WALTER     ALCOCK. 


129 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Westminster,  assistant  organist  of  Westminster  Abbey  in  1896,  and  was 
responsible  for  the  music  there  at  the  Memorial  Services  to  President 
McKinley,  to  Lord  Salisbury,  to  the  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts  and  to  Sir  H. 
Campbell-Bannerman.  He  was  organist  at  the  Funeral  Service  in  memory 
of  King  Edward  VII.  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  at  the  private  services  at 
Buckingham  Palace,  which  were  specially  arranged  by  desire  of  Queen 
Alexandra. 

Dr.  Alcock  is  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Organists  and  a  Member 
of  the  Council ;  an  Associate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Music,  and  has  been  a 
Professor  of  the  Organ  there  since  1893.  He  is  also  an  Examiner  to  the 
Associated  Board  of  the  R.A.M.  and  the  R.C.M.,  an  External  Member  of  the 
Board  of  Musical  Studies,  London  Univ.,  and  a  Mus.  Doc.  of  Durham 
University,  1905.  He  was  presented  with  the  Silver  Coronation  Medal  by 
King  Edward  VII.,  and  later  with  a  gold  watch  by  Queen  Alexandra  at 
Buckingham  Palace. 

Dr.  Alcock's  work  as  a 
composer  of  Church  music  is 
well  known,  and  includes  a 
"Hymn  to  Peace,"  dedicated 
by  special  permission  to  Queen 
Alexandra. 


CHARLES  H.  BIRD,  ESQ.,  Lord 
Mayor  of  Cardiff,  is  the 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Robert 
Bird,  Esq.,  J.P.,  and  was  born 
in  Gloucester  in  1862.  After 
being  educated  at  a  private 
school  at  Cardiff  and  at  Taunton 
Independent  College,  he  joined 
his  father  in  the  business  of 
oil  importers  and  chemical 


THB    LORD    MAYOR    OP    CARDIFF. 


130 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

manufacturers  at  Cardiff.  The  late  Mr.  Robert  Bird  took  a  conspicuous 
part  in  the  public  life  of  Cardiff,  not  only  as  a  staunch  Radical  and 
ardent  Nonconformist,  but  also  as  a  member  of  the  Council  and  as  Mayor. 
The  Lord  Mayor  is  also  a  Radical  and  a  Nonconformist,  but  apart  from 
Corporation  work  he  has  taken  comparatively  little  active  part  in  public 
life.  He  married  Lilian  Waite,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Benjamin 
Waite,  Esq.,  of  Ben  Rhydding,  Yorkshire,  by  whom  he  has  two  sons. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  United  Methodist  Church,  Newport  Road,  of 
which  he  is  a  trustee,  and  for  many  years  he  was  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday  School.  He  is  one  of  the  Vice-P residents  of  the  Cardiff  Liberal 
Association,  a  member  of  the  Executive  of  the  National  Liberal  Federation, 
and  also  of  the  Court  of  Governors  of  the  University  of  Wales,  and  of 
South  Wales  and  Monmouthshire  University  College  Council.  He  is 
Managing  Director  of  Messrs.  Bird  and  Son,  Ltd.,  oil  importers  and 
chemical  manufacturers,  and  a  Director  of  the  Crown  Preserved  Coal 
Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Cardiff  and  Port  Talbot.  The  Lord  Mayor  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Cardiff  Council  since  1899. 


CIR  FREDERICK  BRIDGE,  C.V.O.,  Mrs.  Doc.,  M.A.,  affectionately  known 
throughout  the  music-loving  world  as  "  Westminster  Bridge,"  is 
the  oldest  Cathedral  or  Abbey  organist — not  in  years  possibly,  but  as 
regards  length  of  service — in  this  country.  Taking  his  start  at  the  early 
age  of  six,  up  to  the  present  time  his  Cathedral  life  covers  sixty  years. 
His  varied  work  and  energetic  career  will  be  seen  by  the  table  annexed. 
Besides  this  he  has  done  as  much  as  any  man  of  his  time  to  raise  his 
loved  art  from  the  region  of  general  effeminacy  into  the  healthy,  robust 
position  it  at  present  occupies.  A  lover  of  outdoor  exercise  and  sport, 
blest  with  an  active,  strong  constitution,  he  is  a  wit  and  humorist  of  a 
thoroughly  original  and  natural  order.  His  beautifully  appointed  rooms 
in  The  Cloisters  at  Westminster  Abbey,  where,  as  is  seen  in  the  accompany- 
ing picture,  his  photograph  was  taken,  are  the  resort  of  his  many  friends 
in  the  musical  and  social  world  of  to-day. 

131 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


To  attempt  any  biographical  sketch  in  the  space  at  our  disposal  would 
be  impossible,  and  we  must  content  ourselves  with  giving  the  following 
unadorned  record  of  his  active  and  eventful  life. 

1844 — Dec.  5.  Born  at  Oldbury, 
Worcestershire. 

1850 — 1859.  Chorister  at  Roch- 
ester Cathedral, 
and  Articled  Pupil 
of  J.  Hopkins. 
(Subsequently  a 
pupil  of  Sir  John 
Goss.) 

1865 — 1869.  Organist  of  Trinity 
Church,  Windsor. 

(1868.)  Bachelor  of  Music 
Degree  at  Oxford 
University. 

1869 — 1875.  Organist  of  Man- 
chester Cathedral. 

(1872.)         Professor    of    Har- 
mony   at   Owens 
College,   Manches- 
ter. 
Doctor  of  Music  at 


(1874.) 
1875—1882. 


SIR  FRKDKRICK   BRIDGE,  C.V.O.,  Mus.  Doc.,  M.A. 
1882. 


Oxford  University . 
Appointed  Perma- 
nent  Deputy 
Organist  of  West- 
minster Abbey. 


1887. 


Appointed   Organist  and  Master  of  the   Choristers  of  West- 
minster Abbey  in  succession  to  James  Turle. 
Director  of  the  Music  at  Queen  Victoria's  Jubilee  Service  in 


132 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

Westminster  Abbey.  Received  the  personal 
thanks  of  Her  Majesty  and  the  Medal. 

1890.  Appointed  Gresham  Professor  of  Music. 

1896.  Appointed  Conductor  of  the  Royal  Choral  Society. 

x&97-  Queen  Victoria's  Diamond  Jubilee.     Knighted. 

1902.  Director  of  the  Music  at  the  Coronation  of  King 

Edward  VII.  and  Queen  Alexandra.  Decorated 
by  the  King  with  4th  Class  of  the  Victorian 
Order. 

1910.  Directed  the  Music  at  Westminster  Hall  at  the  Lying- 

in-State  Service  for  King  Edward. 

1911.  Appointed  by  the  King  Director  of  the  Music  at  the 

Coronation  of  Their  Majesties  King  George  V.  and 
Queen  Mary. 

Sir  Frederick  is  also  :  King  Edward  Professor  of  Music  in  the  London 
University ;  Professor  of  Harmony  and  Counterpoint  at  the  Royal  College 
of  Music;  Conductor  of  the  Old  Madrigal  Society  (the  oldest  Society  in 
England) ;  a  Past  President  of  the  Royal  College  of  Organists ;  Chairman 
of  the  Board  of  Trinity  College  of  Music,  London,  and  Conductor  of 
the  Royal  Choral  Society. 

His  compositions  are  very  numerous  and  varied,  including  :  "  Callirhoe  " 
(Dramatic  Cantata,  composed  for  the  Birmingham  Musical  Festival,  1888)  ; 
"  Rock  of  Ages  " ;  "  Flag  of  England  "  (Choral  Ballad)  ;  "  Inchcape  Rock  "  ; 
"  Cradle  of  Christ  "  ;  "A  Song  of  the  English  "  (1911)  ;  "  Mort  d' Arthur  " 
(Overture)  ;  numerous  theoretical  works  ;  anthems. 


PIENNES  STANLEY  WYKEHAM  CORNWALLIS,  ESQ.,  is  the  son  of  Major 
Fiennes  Cornwallis  and  Harriett,  daughter  of  J.  T.  Mott,  Esq.,  of 
Barningham  Hall,  Norfolk.  He  was  born  in  1864,  educated  at  Eton,  and 
married  Mabel,  daughter  of  the  late  O.  P.  Leigh,  Esq.,  of  Belmont  Hall, 
Cheshire,  by  whom  he  has  three  sons  and  four  daughters. 

He  is  Chairman  of  the  Kent  County  Council ;    represented  Maidstone 

133 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


as  Conservative  Member  in  1888-95  and  1898-1900  ;  is  retired  Colonel  in 
command  of  The  Queen's  Own  Imperial  Yeomanry,  and  was  President  of 
the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England  in  1906.  He  is  a  member  of  the 

Carlton,  Junior  Carlton,  and  Bache- 
lors' Clubs,  and  resides  at  lyinton  Park, 
near  Maidstone. 

JV/TAJOR-GENERAL,  EDWARD  HENRY 
COURTNEY,  C.V.O.,  eldest  son 
of  the  late  William  Courtney,  H.E.I.C.S., 
who  had  held  successively  every  import- 
ant post  under  the  Bombay  Govern- 
ment, until  obliged  to  retire  in  1856 
through  ill  health,  was  born  in  Baroda 
on  the  6th  August,  1836,  and  educat- 
ed at  Sir  Roger  Cholmondeley's  School, 
Highgate,  and  at  the  Royal  Military 
Academy,  Woolwich,  from  which  he 
obtained  his  commission  as  Lieutenant 
in  the  Royal  Engineers  on  the  3ist 
July,  1855.  He  served  in  the  China 
war,  1858-1860,  on  the  staff  of  the 
Royal  Engineers,  and  was  present  at 

the  actions  of  Sinho,  Tangkoo,  at  the  capture  of  the  Taku  Forts,  and  the 
surrender  of  Pekin  (receiving  a  Medal  with  two  Clasps).  He  returned  to 
England  in  February,  1862,  and  was  then  appointed  to  the  Ordnance  Survey 
of  Great  Britain,  1862-1870,  during  which  period  he  was  engaged  on  the 
Survey  of  Kincardineshire,  Aberdeenshire  and  Inverness-shire.  He  was  made 
a  corresponding  member  of  the  Antiquarian  Society  of  Scotland  for  discover- 
ing a  missing  Roman  Camp  in  Aberdeenshire,  and  was  selected  by  the  late 
Sir  George  Chesney  in  1872  for  the  post  of  Professor  of  Surveying  at  the 
Royal  Indian  Engineering  College,  Cooper's  Hill.  He  remained  there  until 


Lafayette. 


F.   S.    \V.    CORNWALI/IS,    ESQ. 


134 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


1898,  and  subsequently,  on  the  ist  January,  1906,  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Military  Knights  of  Windsor,  and  was  created  a  C.V.O.  in  the 
following  November. 

Major-General  Court- 
ney married  in  1862 
Mary  Dorothy  (d.  1904), 
daughter  of  John  Saunder, 
Esq.,  and  great-niece  of 
the  seventh  Earl  Walde- 
grave,  and  has  two  sons 
and  two  daughters,  name- 
ly, lieutenant-Colonel 
Edward  Arthur  Walde- 
grave,  born  in  1868,  mar- 
ried in  1894  Hilda  Maria 
Chapman,  daughter  of  T. 
E.  Chapman,  Esq.,  of  Silks- 
worth  Hall,  Co.  Durham; 
Captain  Reginald  William, 
born  in  1875,  married  in 
1906  Helena  Margaret, 
daughter  of  J.  Bateman 
Thorpe,  Esq. ;  Mary  Stan- 
hope, unmarried;  and  Mar- 
garet Edith  Maitland,  born 

in  1870,   married  in  1893  MAJOR-GENERAL  E.  H.  COURTNEY,  c.v.o. 

Colonel    Hugh    J  ackson, 

Royal  Engineers  (retired) ,  now  Survey  or-General  of  the  Federated  Malay  States. 
Major-General  Courtney  resides  in  Governor's  Tower,  Windsor  Castle. 

CIR  FRANK   CRISP,   senior  partner  in   Messrs.   Ashurst,   Morris,   Crisp  & 

Co.,   solicitors,   Throgmorton  Avenue,    L,ondon,  was  born    in   1843,  the 

only  child  of  John  Shalders  Crisp,  Esq.,  and  Harriet,  only  daughter  of  John 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Childs,  Esq.,  of  Bungay,  in  his  day  a  stalwart  opponent  of  Church  rates  and  of 
Bible-printing  monopoly.  Sir  Frank  was  educated  privately  and  at  University 
College  School,  and  is  an  LL.B.  and  B.A.  of  the  University  of  London.  Study- 
ing for  the  law,  he  was  admitted  a  solicitor,  with  honours,  in  1869,  and  is 

highly  esteemed  in  the  honourable 
profession  he  adorns.  Company 
law  may  be  accounted  as  one 
of  his  recreations,  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trade  Committee  for  the  amend- 
ment of  the  Companies  Act. 
Science,  too,  has  claimed  his 
attention,  and  from  1878  to  1889  he 
was  Hon.  Secretary  to  the  Royal 
Microscopical  Society ;  from  1881 
to  1 906  he  was  Treasurer  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Linnean  Society 
of  London.  He  is  also  keenly 
interested  in  horticultural  matters. 
Sir  Frank,  who  married  in 


SIR  FRANK   CRISP,    BART. 


"  .  1867  Catherine,  only  daughter 
of  George  D.  Howes,  Esq.,  resides 
at  5,  Lansdowne  Road,  Holland  Park  Avenue,  W.,  and  at  Friar  Park, 
Henley-on-Thames,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Reform,  National  Liberal,  and 
City  Liberal  Clubs. 


/COLONEL  GEORGE  DIXON  was  born  on  the  23rd  May,  1842,  and  is  the 
eldest  son  of  John  Dixon,  Esq.,  J.P.,  D.L-,  of  Astle  Hall,  Chelford, 
Cheshire,  who  died  in  1873,  by  Sophia,  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas  William 
Egerton  Tatton,  Esq.,  of  Wythenshawe,  Cheshire.  He  was  educated  at  Eton. 
Upon  leaving  Eton  he  entered  the  25th  Regiment  King's  Own  Borderers, 
now  the  King's  Own  Scottish  Borderers,  with  which  regiment  he  served 

136 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

thirteen  years,  retiring  as  Captain  in  1873.     He  served  abroad  with  them 

at    Malta    and    Canada,    taking    part    in    the    expedition     in    Canada    in 

driving   back    the   Fenians,    for  which   he 

obtained   the   Canadian   Medal.     He  then 

joined   the   5th   Cheshire   Rifle  Volunteers 

as    Major    under    Sir    Charles    Shakerley, 

Bart.,  serving  with  them  for  thirteen  years, 

when  he  retired  with  the  rank  of  Colonel. 

He  is  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  a  Deputy- 

L,ieutenant  and  served  as  High  Sheriff  of 

the  County  in  1881. 

In  1889  he  entered  the  Cheshire 
County  Council,  was  made  Alderman  and 
Chairman  in  1893,  and  remains  so  at  the 
present  time. 

In  1885  he  married  Emily  Katherine, 
second  daughter  of  George  Beaucham  Cole, 
Esq.,  of  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  and 
widow  of  John  B.  Glegg,  Esq.,  of  Withing- 
ton  Hall,  Cheshire,  and  has  one  son,  John, 
born  1886,  and  one  daughter.  Club  : 

Art     r s>  COLONEL,  GEORGK  DIXOX. 

^HE  VERY  REVEREND  PHILIP  FRANK  ELIOT,  D.D.,  K.C.V.O.,  DEAN  OF 
WINDSOR,  and  Domestic  Chaplain  to  His  Majesty,  was  born  in  Weymouth, 
Dorsetshire,  on  the  2ist  December,  1835,  and  is  the  third  son  of  William  Eliot, 
Esq.,  J.P.,  D.Iy.,  and  L,ydia,  daughter  of  John  Ffoliott,  M.P.  for  Sligo.  He 
was  educated  at  Bath  Grammar  School  and  Trinity  College,  Oxford  (Exhibi- 
tioner), and  passed  2nd  Class  Mods.,  1855,  and  and  Class  Litt.  Hum.,  1857. 
He  married,  first,  in  1859,  Mary  Anna  Marriott,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Frank 
Smith,  Rector  of  Rushton,  Dorset ;  second,  in  1883,  Mary  Emma  Pitt, 
daughter  of  the  fourth  L,ord  Rivers  (d.  1900),  and  has  four  sons  and  four 
daughters.  He  was  Curate  of  St.  Michael's,  Winchester,  from  1858-1860  ; 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Chaplain  at  Cally,  Gatehouse,  N.B.,  1861-1864  ',  Curate  of  Walcot,  Bath,  1864- 
1867  ;  Vicar  of  Holy  Trinity,  Bournemouth,  1867-1890  ;  Honorary  Canon  of 
Winchester  Cathedral,  1881  ;  Canon  of  Windsor,  1886  ;  Dean  of  Windsor 

and  Domestic  Chaplain  to  Queen 
Victoria,  1891-1901  ;  Domestic 
Chaplain  to  King  Edward  VII., 
1901-1910;  Registrar  of  the 
Most  Noble  Order  of  the  Garter 
since  1891 ;  and  Prolocutor  of 
the  Lower  House  of  the  Convo- 
cation of  Canterbury  1904- 
1912. 

He  resides  at  The  Deanery, 
Windsor  Castle. 


CIK    BRODRICK    HARTWELL, 

BART.,  is  descended  from  a 
Norman  family  who  were  granted 
the  Manor  of  Hartwell,  Bucks, 

IL      Sir  William 


THE  VERY  REV.  P.  F.  ELIOT,   D.D.,  K.C.V.O. 

well  was  knighted   in   1501   on 

the  occasion  of  the  marriage  of  Arthur,  Prince  of  Wales.  A  younger  branch 
of  the  family  settled  in  Ireland,  Captains  William  and  Humphrey  Hartwell 
having  fought  in  the  Irish  wars  previous  to  1649.  William  was  Mayor  of 
Limerick  in  1659,  and  Humphrey  was  granted  877  acres  in  County  Limerick, 
and  73  in  King's  County  as  a  reward  for  military  services.  He  was  twice 
Mayor  of  Limerick,  in  1676  and  1677,  and  J.P.  for  the  county.  His  son, 
Captain  Samuel  Hartwell,  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Landen  in  1693.  He 
had  married  Anne  Barry  of  Rathcormack,  sister  and  co-heiress  of  Catherine, 
wife  of  Lord  Chancellor  Brodrick,  ist  Viscount  Midleton.  His  son  Barry  had 
a  son,  Captain  Brodrick  Hartwell,  R.N.,  who  became  Lieut.  -Governor  of 
Greenwich  Hospital,  and  he  was  the  father  of  Captain  Sir  Francis  John 

138 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


Hartwell,  R.N.,  of  Dale  Hall,  Essex,  a  distinguished  Naval  Officer,  after- 
wards Colonel  of  the  Deptford  and  Woolwich  Volunteers  and  a  Director  of 
Greenwich  Hospital.  He  was  knighted  at  St.  James's  on  the  4th  May,  1803, 
and  was  created  a  Baronet  on  the  26th  October,  1805.  His  son,  the  Rev. 
Houlton  Hartwell,  was  Chaplain  to  the  Prince  Regent.  The  latter' s  son,  Sir 
Brodrick  Hartwell,  late  Goth  Rifles,  succeeded  his  grandfather  as  second 
Baronet  and  died  in  1888.  His  eldest  son,  Captain  Sir  Francis  Houlton  Hartwell, 
who  succeeded  him,  served  in  the  I7th  Foot  (Leicestershire  Regiment)  in  the 
Crimea,  and  afterwards  transferred  to 
the  3rd  Foot  (The  Buffs).  He  died  in 
1900,  and  was  succeeded  by  the  present 
Baronet,  Sir  Brodrick  Cecil  Denham 
Arkwright  Hartwell,  who  was  born  on 
the  loth  July,  1876,  in  West  Hay,  near 
Taunton,  Somersetshire.  He  is  the  son 
of  Captain  Edward  Hughes  Brodrick 
Hartwell,  R.N.  (late  Inspector-General 
of  Constabulary,  Jamaica,  1878-1886, 
and  H.B.M.  Consul  for  Naples  and 
South  Italy,  1886-1895),  the  second  son 
of  the  second  Baronet,  and  Augusta 
Henrietta  Virginia,  daughter  of  Steward 
Henry  Paget,  Esq.,  nephew  of  the  first 
Marquis  of  Anglesey.  Sir  Brodrick,  who 
spent  several  years  in  the  West  Indies 
as  a  child,  was  educated  at  Stubbington 

House,  Fareham,  and  in  Germany,  and  also  at  Bedford,  and  was  Secretary  to 
the  British  Consulate,  Naples,  1894.  He  engaged  in  tea-planting  in  Ceylon 
1897-1900,  and  went  to  South  Africa  with  the  Ceylon  Mounted  Infantry  when 
the  war  broke  out  in  1900.  He  gained  a  Medal  with  Clasps  and  received  a 
Commission  in  the  I7th  Leicestershire  Regiment,  1900.  He  served  in  Egypt, 
1900-1902,  in  the  Channel  Isles,  1902-1904,  and  at  L,ongmore  and  Colchester, 
1904-05,  and  resigned  his  Commission  in  1905.  Subsequently  he  went  to 


The  London  Stereoscopic  Co. 

SIR   BRODRICK   HARTNVKLL,    I!AKT. 


139 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Australia,  and  fitted  out  a  yacht  for  a  prolonged  cruise  in  the  Pacific  amongst 
the  South  Sea  Islands.  He  rescued  the  crew  of  the  barque  "  Annasona," 
which  had  become  a  total  wreck  on  Middleton's  Reef,  and  after  his  cruise 
returned  to  this  reef  to  carry  out  diving  operations  on  the  site  of  an  old  wreck 
supposed  to  contain  treasure.  His  yacht  was  wrecked  during  a  hurricane, 
but  he  finally  succeeded  in  refloating  her  and  returned  to  Australia.  After- 
wards he  visited  Fiji  and  the  Sandwich  Islands,  returning  to  England  through 
Canada  in  1907.  Sir  Brodrick  married  on  the  i6th  May,  1908,  Joan  Amy, 
only  daughter  of  Robert  Milne  Jeffrey,  of  Esquimault,  Vancouver  Island, 
B.C.,  and  has  a  son,  Brodrick  William  Charles  Elwin  Hartwell,  born  the  7th 
August,  1909.  Sir  Brodrick  is  a  Director  of  several  public  companies. 
Favourite  sports  :  hunting,  yachting  and  shooting. 

T>  ICHARD  GEORGE  PENN  CURZOX,  the  present  and  fourth  Earl  Howe, 
was  bora  in  1861,  and  in  1883  married  Lady  Georgiana  Elizabeth 
Spencer  Churchill,  daughter  of  the  seventh  Duke  of  Marlborough.  In 
1885,  he  became  M.P.  for  the  Southern  or  Wycombe  Division  of  Bucking- 
hamshire, and  continued  to  represent  that  constituency  in  the  House  of 
Commons  until,  by  the  death  of  his  father  in  1900,  he  passed  to  the 
House  of  Lords.  From  1896  to  1900  he  was  Treasurer  of  Her  Majesty's 
Household,  in  1900  became  Lord-in-Waiting  to  Queen  Victoria,  and 
after  Her  Majesty's  death  continued  to  hold  the  same  position  to  King 
Edward.  In  1903  he  was  made  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  Royal 
Victorian  Order,  and  since  that  year  has  been  Lord  Chamberlain  to 
H.M.  Queen  Alexandra.  His  Lordship  has  accompanied  Her  Majesty 
abroad  on  many  occasions,  and  he  holds  the  G.C.  of  the  Royal  Order 
of  the  Saviour  (Greece)  ;  of  the  Order  of  the  White  Eagle  (Poland) ;  of  the 
Dannebrog  (Denmark)  ;  of  St.  Olaf  (Norway) ;  of  the  Polar  Star  (Sweden) ; 
of  Charles  III.  of  Spain  ;  G.C.  ist  Class  of  the  Prussian  Order  of  the  Red 
Eagle  and  the  Grand  Cordon  of  the  Order  of  Leopold  of  Belgium,  whilst  he 
is  also  a  Grand  Officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honour. 

The  name  of  the  late  Countess  Howe,  who  died  in  1906,  will  always  be 
remembered    as    the    moving   spirit   in    the    organization    of   the   Imperial 

140 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


Yeomanry  Base  and  Field  Hospitals  in  South  Africa  during  the  Boer  war, 
1900-2,  for  which  the  subscriptions  amounted  to  upwards  of  £174,000  ;  and  in 
addition  to  this,  her  L,adyship  opened  a  fund,  which  reached  £24,000,  for  the 
besieged  in  Mafeking. 
In    recognition    of    her 
patriotic  work,  Countess 
Howe  was  made  a  L,ady 
of  Grace  of  the  Order  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem. 

Gopsall,  lyord  Howe's 
principal  residence,  in 
Leicestershire,  was  built 
in  1758,  at  a  cost  of 
£100,000,  by  Mr.  Charles 
Jennens,  the  friend  and 
patron  of  Handel,  for 
whose  great  work,  "The 
Messiah,"  he  wrote  the 
libretto.  Mr.  Jennens 
died  without  issue  in 
1773  and  left  the  estate  to 
the  Hon.  Penn  Assheton 
Curzon.  In  the  richly 
wooded  park  (about  600 
acres  in  extent),  sur- 
rounding Gopsall,  there  is 
a  splendid  herd  of  red  and 
fallow  deer.  The  house 
is  a  handsome  and  com- 
modious one,  in  Corinthian  architecture,  and  is  not  without  Royal  associations. 
The  Stuart  rooms,  with  their  tartan  hangings,  portraits  and  quaint  four-post 
bedstead,  recall  the  hazardous  life  of  Charles  Edward,  the  young  Pretender, 
for  whom  these  apartments  were  said  to  have  been  prepared  when  a  visit 


KARL    HOWK. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

from  him  was  expected,  and  in  the  beautiful  cedar-wood  chapel  is  a  Com- 
munion-table, the  feet  of  which  are  carved  from  the  oak  in  which  Charles  II. 
took  refuge  after  the  battle  of  Worcester.  The  first  Earl  and  Countess 
Howe  entertained  Queen  Adelaide  (to  whom  the  Earl  was  Lord  Chamberlain) 
at  Gopsall  in  days  gone  by,  and  relative  to  our  own  times  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  the  present  Earl  and  his  late  wife  had  the  honour  of  receiving 
King  Edward  and  Queen  Alexandra  at  Gopsall  in  1902,  this  being  their 
Majesties'  first  visit  to  a  country  house  after  their  Coronation. 

King  Edward  VII.  and  Queen  Alexandra  have  honoured  L,ord  Howe 
upon  several  occasions  by  their  presence  at  Woodlands,  one  of  his  Buckingham- 
shire residences,  and  in  1901  His  Majesty  went  to  Penn  House  in  the  same 
county  for  shooting.  This  was  the  first  occasion  that  His  Majesty  stayed  at 
a  country  house  after  his  accession. 

^y ALTER  ALBERT  JUDD,  ESQ.,  a  leading  figure  in  the  publishing  world, 
was  born  in  1861.  In  1884  he  printed  and  published  the  Illustrated 
London  News  in  America.  He  also  established  the  well-known  firm  of  Messrs. 
Hey  wood  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  publishers,  of  which  he  is  Chairman  and  Managing 
Director,  and  that  of  Walter  Judd,  Ltd.,  of  which  he  is  Managing  Director. 
Mr.  Judd  is  the  author  of  a  useful  work  on  the  thorny  question  of  "Newspapers 
and  the  Iyaw  of  Libel,"  published  by  Messrs.  Heywood  &  Co.,  and  a  director  of 
the  Illustrated  London  News  and  Sketch.  He  is  a  member  of  the  St.  Stephen's, 
Le  Touquet,  and  Stoke  Poges  Clubs,  resides  at  Holly  Hill,  Stoke  Poges, 
Bucks.,  and  at  Walton,  Surrey.  His  I/mdon  addresses  are  at  Milford  Lane, 
W.C.,  5,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.,  and  150,  Holborn,  E.C. 

OIR  GEORGE  CLEMENT  MARTIN,  M.V.O.,  Mus.  Doc.,  F.R.C.O.,  was  born  on 
the  nth  September,  1844,  in  L,ambourn,  a  Berkshire  village,  not  far  from 
Wantage.  At  the  advanced  age  of  sixteen,  he  became  possessed  with  a  desire 
to  play  the  organ.  Obtaining  a  copy  of  Rink's  "  First  Three  Months  at  the 
Organ,"  he  studied  it  with  enthusiasm,  and  by  the  end  of  three  months  he  was 
able  to  play  at  the  services  in  church.  He  had  at  this  stage,  however,  no  notion 

142 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


of  music  as  a  profession.     That  idea  was  instilled  into  him  by  Mr.  Barter, 

Vicar  of  Lambourn,  who  induced  him  to  matriculate  at  Oxford.     He  then 

commenced  to  study  in  earnest  under  Dr.  Stainer,  then  a  rising  young  musician 

and  Organist  of  Magdalen.     Taking  the  degree  of  Mus.  B.  in  1868,  he  was  offered 

the  post  of  Private  Organist  to  the  Dnke 

of  Buccleuch  at  Dalkeith .  After  spending 

three  happy  years  there,  he  was  invited 

to  come  and  train  the  choristers  of  St. 

Paul's  in  the  capacity  of  Master  of  Song. 

In  this  office  he  was  again  connected 

with  his  old  teacher,  Dr.  Stainer,  and  in 

the  following  year  he  was  permitted  to 

join  to  it  the  post  of  Assistant  Organist. 

In   1888,    Dr.    Stainer   (now   Sir   John) 

retired,   and  the  post  of  Organist  and 

Director   of    the    Music    of    the   great 

Cathedral  was  then  offered  to  him,  an 

appointment  which  he  has  held  ever  since . 

Sir  George  received  the  honour 
of  knighthood  on  the  occasion  of  the 
Jubilee,  in  1897,  and  was  made  a  member 
of  the  Victorian  Order  at  the  Coronation 
of  King  Edward.  In  1883  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  Mus.  Doc.,  and  in  1912  the 
University  of  Oxford  also  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Mus.  Doc.,  honoris 

causa.  At  the  Celebration  of  Queen  Victoria's  Diamond  Jubilee,  when  Her 
Majesty  visited  St.  Paul's,  Sir  George  assembled  a  choir  of  500  voices, 
supported  by  two  military  bands,  for  the  performance  of  his  "Te  Deum,"  a 
work  which  was  composed  specially  for  this  occasion. 

Sir  George  is  a  good  sportsman,  and  takes  a  keen  interest  in  shooting, 
cycling,  and  golf.     He  married  in  1879,  Margaret,  daughter  of  T.  M.  Cockburn, 


SIR  C.EORGE  CLEMENT  MARTIN,  M.V.O., 
Mus.  Doc.,  F.R.C.O. 


143 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Esq.,  and  has  a  residence  in  Amen  Court,  a  delightful  little  colony  of  prebendal 
and  other  official  houses  attached  to  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  one  group  of  which, 
the  work  of  Wren,  with  its  torch-extinguishers,  preserves  externally  the 
tokens  of  far-off  other  times  and  other  manners. 

T  ORD  MERTHVR 
^  OF  SENGHENYDD, 
G.C.V.O.,  the  subject 
of  this  memoir,  and 
President  of  many 
important  institu- 
tions and  companies, 
has  had  a  most  suc- 
cessful and  brilliant 
career. 

He  is  a  large  em- 
ployer of  labour  in 
connection  with  col- 
leries,  tinplate  works, 
etc.,  in  South  Wales 
and  Monmouthshire, 
and  is  the  founder 
of  the  Sliding  Scale 
Committee  of  the 
Monmouthshi  re  and 
South  Wales  Coal 
Association,  and  he 

also  was  the  founder  of  the  Monmouthshire  and  South  Wales  Miners' 
Provident  Fund,  of  which  he  has  been  Chairman  above  thirty-one  years. 
He  has  sat  for  many  years  as  a  member  of  various  Royal  Commissions — - 
among  others  on  Coal  Mines,  on  Royalties,  on  the  Action  of  Coal  Dust 
in  Mines,  on  Labour  Questions,  on  Coal  Supplies,  on  Trade  Disputes, 
and  on  Shipping — and  also  devoted  many  years  of  his  life  to  adjudication 


LORD  MERTHYR,  G.C.V.O. 


144 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

of  Trade  Disputes.  He  was  a  Member  of  the  Employers'  Panel  Court  of 
Arbitration,  a  member  of  various  Committees  relating  to  Exhibitions  in 
Great  Britain  and  also  on  the  British  Commissions  relating  to  the  Paris 
Exhibitions  in  1878  and  1901.  He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  Tariff 
Commission  since  1904.  He  contested  the  Borough  of  Merthyr  Tydvil  (C.), 
1880,  and  served  as  High  Sheriff  of  Breconshire  in  1884.  He  served  as 
President  of  the  South  Wales  Institute  of  Engineers  in  1878,  and  as 
President  of  the  Mining  Association  of  Great  Britain  in  1880 ;  also  President 
of  the  Institution  of  Mining  Engineers  of  Great  Britain  in  1901.  He  has 
been  Vice-President  of  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  as  well  as  Vice- 
President  of  the  Institution  of  Mechanical  Engineers  for  many  years; 
Member  of  the  Council  of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  has  been 
Chairman  of  the  Monmouthshire  and  South  Wales  Board  of  Examination 
for  Mining  Certificates  for  thirty  years.  He  was  appointed  President  of 
the  University  College  of  South  Wales  and  Monmouthshi  re  in  1911. 

He  was  born  in  Merthyr  Tydvil  on  the  5th  August,  1837,  the  son  of 
T.  W.  lyewis,  Esq.,  Abercanaid  House,  Merthyr  Tydvil,  and  married,  in  1864, 
Anne  (d.  1902),  daughter  of  \Villiam  Rees,  Esq.,  colliery  proprietor,  L,letty 
Shenkin,  Aberdare,  and  has  two  sons  and  six  daughters.  He  is  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  the  counties  of  Glamorgan,  Monmouth,  Brecon  and  Pembroke  ; 
and  Deputy-Iyieutenant  for  the  County  of  Glamorgan  ;  Kt.  (created  1885)  ;  ist 
Baronet  (created  1896)  ;  was  distinguished  with  the  honour  of  the  insignia 
K.C.V.O.  in  1907  ;  created  ist  Baron  of  Senghenydd,  Co.  Glamorgan, 
in  1911;  is  a  Knight  of  Grace  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem; 
Chairman  for  Monmouthshire  and  the  whole  of  Wales  for  the  St.  John 
Ambulance  Association,  and  was  promoted  to  the  honour  of  G.C.V.O.  in 
1912.  He  resides  at  The  Mardy,  Aberdare,  South  Wales. 


CIR   ALFRED  MOND,  BART.,  M.P.,  captain  of  industry  and  politician,  is  a 

gentleman   of   many   tastes  and   avocations,   in  each   of  which  he  has 

distinguished  himself.      A  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Ludwig  Mond,   F.R.S.,    the 

eminent   scientist,    he    was   born    in    1868,    and    educated    at    Cheltenham 

K  M5 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

College,  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  at  Edinburgh  University.  Called 
to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner  Temple  in  1894  he  practised  for  a  time  on  the  North 
Wales  and  Cheshire  Circuit.  He  subsequently  entered  the  great  firm  of  alkali 
manufacturers,  Messrs.  Brunner,  Mond  &  Co.,  of  Northwich,  of  which  his 
father  was  one  of  the  founders  and  the  Managing  Director,  and  of  which  he 
himself  is  now  Managing  Director.  Sir  Alfred  is  also  Chairman  of  The  Mond 

Nickel  Co.,  and  of  the  Power 
Gas  Corporation,  Director  of  the 
South  Staffordshire  (Mond 
Power  and  Heating)  Gas  Co., 
and  Chairman  of  The  Westmins- 
ter Gazette  Syndicate,  Limited. 
Sir  Alfred,  who  was  created  a 
Baronet  in  July,  1910,  has 
written  numerous  articles  on 
political  and  social  subjects,  as 
also  on  the  chemical  industry. 
Some  of  the  former  have  just 
been  republished  in  book  form 
under  the  title,  "  Questions  of 
To-day  and  To-morrow."  Like 
his  father,  who  bequeathed  a 
number  of  valuable  pictures  to 
the  National  Gallery,  Sir  Alfred 

SIR  ALFRED  MOND,  BART.,  M.P. 

Mond  manifests  a  strong  sym- 
pathy for  art  and  literature.  It  may  be  mentioned  that  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Royal  Institution,  was  Chairman  of  the  Chemical  Industries  Section 
of  the  Franco-British  Exhibition  of  1908,  is  President  of  the  Mansion  House 
Association  on  Railway  and  Canal  Traffic,  Treasurer  of  the  Free  Trade 
Union,  and  Vice-President  of  the  Navy  League.  He  entered  Parliament  in 
1906,  sitting  for  Chester  from  that  year  until  1910.  Since  then  he  has 
represented  Swansea  Town.  He  has  won  for  himself  a  position  as  one  of 
the  most  influential  and  active  members  of  the  Welsh  Party  in  the 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

House  of  Commons,  where  he  had  previously  attracted  much  attention  by  his 
vigorous  defence  of  Free  Trade,  and  his  extensive  knowledge,  particularly 
of  the  conditions  prevailing  in  foreign  countries. 


AJOR-GENERAL  ARTHUR  PHAYRE,  C'.B . ,  son  of  the  late  General  Sir  Robert 
Phayre,  G.C.B.,  comes  of  a  long  line  of  distinguished  Indian 
soldiers  and  administrators.  Born  in  1856,  and  educated  at  Cheltenham 
College  and  at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  he  entered  the  Army  in  1878,  holding 
his  first  Commission  in  the  Xlth  Foot  (Devonshire  Regiment).  He  joined  the 
3rd  Bombay  Cavalry  in  1880  ; 
became  Captain  in  1889  ;  Major, 
1898;  I4eut.-Col.,  1904,  and 
Colonel  in  1904,  in  rapid  pro- 
motion. He  was  A.D.C.  to  L,ord 
Reay,  Governor  of  Bombay, 
from  1885  to  1890,  and  A.A.G., 
India,  1904.  He  commanded 
the  3rd  Bombay  Cavalry  from 
1896  to  1903,  the  Meerut 
Cavalry  Brigade  from  1904- 
1908,  and  the  Sialkot  Brigade 
from  1908-1911.  He  served 
in  the  Afghan  war  of  1878- 
1880  (Medal),  in  China,  1900- 
1901  (Brevet-Lieut.-Col.,  and 
Medal),  and  in  the  South  African 
war  in  1902,  when  he  was 
awarded  the  Queen's  Medal. 

In  1891  General  Phayre  married  Catherine,  daughter  of  the  late 
General  Sir  Horace  Searle  Anderson,  K.C.B.,  by  whom  he  has  one  son 
and  two  daughters.  His  residence  is  at  Paignton,  Horsham,  in 
Sussex. 


MAJOR-GENERAL  PHAYRE,  C.I!. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

CIR  WILLIAM   PLENDER,  F.C.A.,  F.S.S.,  etc.,  was  knighted  in  1911,  and  is 
the  eldest  son  (born  1861)  of  William  Plender,  Esq.,  of  The  Oaks,  Dal- 
ston,  Cumberland,  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Agnes  Smallpiece,  daughter  of  John 
Edward  Vardy,  Esq.,  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne.     Sir  William  is  by  profession  a 
chartered  accountant,  and  senior   partner   in  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Deloitte, 
Plender,  Griffiths  &  Co.,   of  London,  New  York,   Chicago,  Montreal,  Van- 
couver,    Buenos     Aires,     Rio, 
South    Africa,     etc.       He    was 
President    of    the   Institute    of 
Chartered  Accountants  in  1910- 
12,  and  presided  at  the  banquet 
given  by  the   Institute   in   the 
Guildhall  in  July,   1911   (kindly 
lent   by   the   Lord   Mayor   and 
Corporation),  to    celebrate    the 
Coronation     of     His     Majesty 
King    George  V.     Sir    William 
has    served    on    Departmental 
Committees,   and  been  engaged 
on    public    enquiries    at    home 
and  abroad.      He  acted  for  the 
Metropolitan    Water    Board    in 
1903,  when  the  London  Water 
Companies    were    acquired; 

SIR  WILLIAM  PLENDKR. 

advised     the     Government    in 

1908  in  connection  with  the  Port  of  London  Bill  ;  examined  into  the 
accounting  system  of  the  Lighthouse  Authorities,  and  reported  thereon 
to  the  Board  of  Trade  in  1909  ;  served  on  the  Committee  appointed  by 
the  Cabinet  in  1911  to  enquire  into  Irish  Finance  ;  was  Investigator 
appointed  in  1912  to  enquire  into  working  conditions  of  medical  work  and 
remuneration  under  the  National  Insurance  Act,  1911,  etc.,  etc.  Sir 
William  is  an  Hon.  Member  of  the  Institute  of  Journalists,  and  Hon. 
Treasurer  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Painter-Etchers  and  Engravers.  He  is 

148 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


the  auditor  of  many  Banks,  Docks,  Collieries,  Iron  and  vSteel  Works, 
Cable  Companies,  Insurance  Companies,  Railway  Companies  at  home 
and  abroad,  Financial  Trust  Companies,  large  Commercial  and  Industrial 
undertakings,  the  King  Edward  Hospital  Fund,  League  of  Mercy,  etc. 
Sir  William  was  appointed  by  the  Court  Special  Manager  of  the  Birkbeck 
Bank  and  Bank  of  Egypt  (in  liquidation)  in  1911.  Residences  :  51, 
Kensington  Court,  W.,  and  Ovendeii  House,  Sundridge,  Sevenoaks.  Clubs  : 
City  of  London,  Reform,  Arts,  Argentine  and  Ranelagh.  Recreations  : 
golf,  shooting  and  collecting  etchings. 


]_[  R.H.  PRINCE  LEOPOLD 
O  F  SAXE-CO13URG 
AND  GOTHA,  son  of  Prince 
Philip  of  Saxe-Coburg,  was 
born  on  the  igth  July, 
1878,  in  Szent-Antal,  in 
Hungary.  He  is  a  nephew 
of  King  Ferdinand  of 
Bulgaria,  and  grandson  of 
the  King  of  the  Belgians. 
He  holds  the  Grand  Cross 
of  the  Victorian  Order, 
the  Grand  Cordon  of  the 
Order  of  Leopold  of 
Belgium,  the  Grand 
Cordon  of  the  Order  of  the 
Japanese  Chrysanthemum, 
and  of  the  Bulgarian 
Alexander  Order,  etc.,  etc. 
He  has  served  in  the 
Austrian  Army  as  Captain 
in  the  Ninth  Hussar  Regi- 
ment, and  is  also  Major  in 


H.R.H.   PRIXCK   IJvOPOU)   OF  SAX1C-COBURG 
AND  GOTHA. 


I49 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

the  First  Bulgarian  Cavalry  Regiment,  and  resides  in  Vienna  and  on  his 
father's  estates  in  Hungary.  L,ike  his  father,  he  is  a  great  traveller  and 
has  made  wide  journeys  throughout  the  world  to  Egypt,  Ceylon,  India, 
China,  Japan,  and  to  North  and  South  America. 


R.H.  PRINCE  PHILIP 
OF  SAXE-COBURG 
AND  GOTHA,  Duke  of 
Saxony,  son  of  Prince 
Augustus  of  Saxe-Coburg, 
was  born  in  Paris  on  the 
28th  March,  1844.  He  is 
a  grandson  of  the  late 
King  lyouis  Philippe,  and 
brother  to  King  Ferdinand 
of  Bulgaria.  He  holds  the 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath, 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Vic- 
torian Order,  a  Knight  of 
the  Golden  Fleece  and  of 
the  Grand  Cross  of  Saint 
Hubert  of  Bavaria,  etc., 
etc. ;  a  Lieutenant-General 
in  the  Austrian  and  Bul- 
garian armies,  and  is 
Chief  of  the  Fifty-seventh 
Regiment  of  Austrian 
Infantry. 

After  passing  through  the  University  of  Bonn,  he  entered  the  Austrian 
army  in  1863,  being  gazetted  first  to  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Cuirassiers,  and 
subsequently  to  the  Seventh,  then  to  the  Honved  Hussars.  His  Royal 
Highness  has  devoted  much  time  to  travel  and  sport,  having  made  voyages 


H.R.H.   PRINCE   PHILIP   OF  SAXE-COBURG 
AND  GOTHA. 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

to  North  and  South  America,  the  East  and  the  West  Indies,  China,  Japan, 
Australia,  New  Zealand,  the  South  Sea  Islands,  Egypt,  Algeria,  Senegal, 
and  other  countries.  He  owns  extensive  properties  in  Austria  and 
Hungary,  has  palaces  in  Vienna,  Buda-Pesth  and  Coburg,  and  is  a  well- 
known  numismatist  and  sportsman.  He  married  Princess  Louise  of 
Belgium,  whom  he  divorced  in  1906,  and  has  two  children,  Prince 
Leopold  and  Princess  Dorothy,  the  latter  being  the  wife  of  Duke  Ernst 
Gunther  of  Schleswig-Holstein,  the  nephew  of  Prince  Christian  and 
brother  of  the  Empress  of  Germany. 


VVARREX  SETON,  ESQ.,  M.A.,  of  University  College  Hall, 
Ealing,  who  acted  as  one  of  the  Gold  Staff  Officers  at  Their  Majesties' 
Coronation,  was  born  on  the  4th 
October,  1882,  and  is  the  son  of 
the  late  Colonel  Alexander 
Reginald  Seton,  R.E.,  and  of 
his  wife,  Emma  Elizabeth,  nee 
Loch.  He  entered  University 
College,  London,  in  October, 
1899,  and  graduated  B.A.  with 
Honours  in  1902,  and  M.A.  in 
1903.  In  1904  he  was  appointed 
Assistant  Secretary  to  the 
University  College,  and  became 
Secretary  in  the  year  following, 
a  post  which  he  now  holds.  He 
took  an  active  part  in  the  founda- 
tion in  1908  of  University  College 
Hall,  Ealing,  of  which  he  has  been 

,     .  WALTER    W.  SETON,  ESQ.,  M.A. 

Bursar,  and  is  now  Warden. 

Mr.    Seton   resides    at    University    College    Hall,    Ealing,    and    is    a 
member  of  the  Union  Club. 

151 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


HpHE  RKiHT  HONOURABLE  CHARLES  HEILBV  STUART-WORTLEY, 
K.C.,  M.P.,  was  born  at  Eserick  Park,  York,  on  the  i5th  September, 
1851,  and  is  the  son  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  James  Stuart-Wortley,  Q.C.  (third 
son  of  the  first  Baron  Wharncliff e) ,  and  Jane,  daughter  of  Paul  Beilby, 
Lord  Wenlock.  He  was  educated  at  Rugby,  and  Balliol  College,  Oxford. 

He  married,  first,  in  1880, 
Beatrice  (d.  1881),  daughter 
of  Thomas  Adolphus  Trollope, 
the  historian  of  Florence ; 
second,  in  1886,  Alice,  third 
daughter  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Everett  Millais,  Bart., 
P.R.A. 

He  was  called  to  the 
Bar  in  1876 ;  practised  on 
the  North-Eastern  Circuit 
from  1876-85,  and  became 
Queen's  Counsel  in  1892. 
He  sat  as  Conservative  Mem- 
ber for  the  undivided 
borough  of  Sheffield  from 
1880-1885,  and  has  sat  con- 
tinuously for  the  Hallam 
Division  of  Sheffield  since 
the  latter  date.  In  1885 
he  was  Parliamentary  Under- 
secretary of  State  for  the  Home  Department,  and  again  in  1886  till 
1892  ;  was  added  to  the  Chairman's  Panel  for  Standing  Committees 
in  1895,  and  was  nominated  a  Deputy  Chairman  of  Committee  of 
the  whole  House  in  the  same  year.  He  was  subsequently  appointed 
by  Archbishop  Benson  to  the  office  of  Ecclesiastical  Commissioner 
and  Church  Estates  Commissioner,  and  attended  as  principal  Delegate 
of  H.B.M.  Government  the  International  Conference  at  Madrid  on  the 


11".  <"-  /).  /;<,i,'ii,T,  Ebuty  Strut. 
Tin;  RT.  HON.  C.  B.  STUART-\VORTUvY,  K.C.,  M.I'. 


GREAT    BRITAIN 

Protection  of  Industrial  Property  and  the  Repression  of  False  Trade 
Descriptions,  in  1890  ;  and  again  at  Brussels  in  December,  1897,  and 
December,  1900. 

He  is  a  Director  of  the  Great  Central  Railway,  and  of  the  Union  of 
London  &  Smith's  Bank  ;  a  member  of  the  Carlton,  the  Marlborough,  and 
the  Beefsteak  Clubs,  and  resides  at  7,  Cheyne  Walk,  Chelsea. 


jyjAJOR  GEORGE  INVER- 
ARITY  WALSH  was  born 
on  the  I3th  December,  1866,  and 
is  the  second  son  of  the  late 
Colonel  T.  Prendergast  Walsh, 
J.P.,  Indian  Army,  of  Laragh, 
Co.  Cavan,  by  Isabel,  daughter 
of  the  late  Francis  Nicholas, 
Esq.  (D.C.L.  Oxford),  of  the 
Mansion,  Baling.  Educated 
at  Cowley,  Oxford,  he  became 
a  member  of  the  Honourable 
Artillery  Company  in  1884, 
Lieutenant  in  the  third  Bat- 
talion Duke  of  Cambridge's 
Own  Middlesex  Regiment, 
1885,  and  was  gazetted  to  the 
first  Battalion  Leicestershire 
Regiment  in  1888,  with  which  corps  he  served  for  twenty  years  in 
Bermuda,  Canada,  the  West  Indies,  and  South  Africa.  Was  D.A.A.G. 
at  Aldershot,  1900,  Adjutant,  2nd  V.B.  Royal  Fusiliers,  1902.  He 
served  in  the  operations  in  Rhodesia  in  1897  under  Sir  Richard  Martin, 
K.C.B.,  with  the  British  South  African  Company,  as  special  service 
officer,  for  which  he  was  mentioned  in  despatches,  and  holds  the 
Medal. 


MAJOR  G.  I    WALSH. 


153 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

In  the  South  African  war,  1900-1901,  under  L,ieutenant-General 
Sir  Leslie  Rundle,  Major  Walsh  was  Deputy-Assistant-Adjutant-General  of 
the  8th  Division,  and  took  part  in  the  operations  in  Cape  Colony  in  March 
and  April,  1900,  and  in  the  Orange  Free  State,  from  April  to  November,  1900, 
including  the  actions  at  Biddulphsberg,  2gth  May,  and  Wittebergen,  ist-2gth 
July  ;  also  in  the  operations  in  the  Transvaal  in  October,  igoo,  and 
in  the  Orange  River  Colony,  November,  1900,  to  January,  1901,  for 
which  he  was  mentioned  in  despatches  and  awarded  the  Medal  with 
four  Clasps. 

His  services  were  placed  at  the  disposal  of  Field-Marshal  H.R.H. 
the  Duke  of  Connaught,  during  the  Coronation  in  1902,  as  Adjutant  of 
the  Colonial  Contingents  at  the  Alexandra  Palace;  and  he  received 
through  H.M's.  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies  the  thanks  of  the 
Corporations  of  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh  for  his  services  as  staff- 
officer  in  sole  charge  of  the  Colonial  Troops  on  the  occasion  of  their 
visit  to  those  cities. 

He  served  under  Major-General  Lord  Cheylesmore,  commanding  the 
Oversea  Troops  at  the  Duke  of  York's  School  during  the  Coronation  in  1911, 
as  staff  officer  of  the  Rhodesian  contingents. 

He  is  the  author  of  Walsh's  "  System  of  Cypher,"  a  work  which 
has  been  acquired  by  His  Majesty's  Government. 

He  married  Ethel  Parker,  second  daughter  of  the  late  M.  Dobson, 
Esq.,  u,  Kensington  Gore,  and  has  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Residence  :  Newnham  Manor,  Newnham  Murren,  Oxon. 

Clubs  :   Carlton  ;    Navy   and  Military  ;    Hurlingham. 


JOHN  WOOD,  ESQ.,  M.P.,  M.A.,  J.P.,  D.L.,  son  of  the  late  J.  H.  Wood,  Esq., 
J.P.,  was  born  on  the  8th  September,  1857,  and  educated  at  Rugby  and 
at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  his  B.A.  degree  in  1880, 
and  M.A.  in  1883.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Inner  Temple 
in  the  same  year.  He  is  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Deputy  Lieutenant 


GREAT    BRITAIN 


for  Herefordshire,    of   which    county   he   was   High  Sheriff   in    1900 ;    and 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Suffolk  and  Derbyshire;     also  Honorary  Colonel  of 
the  4th  Volunteer  Battalion  Cheshire  Regiment,  and  V.D.    To  the  Conserv- 
ative party  he  has  rendered 
yeoman    service,    and    now 
represents  the  constituency 
of   Stalybridge,    which   seat 
he  succeeded  in  recapturing 
in    1910    after    a    notable 
contest.     He    married   first, 
in    1883,    Estelle,    daughter 
of  Henry  Benham,  Esq.,  and 
second,    in    1892,    the  Hon 
Gertrude     Emily,     third 
daughter     of     the     second 
Baron    Bateman.      He    has 
residences     at     Hengrave 
Hall,    in     the     county     of 
Suffolk ;  The  Forrest  Lodge 
of    K  e  1 1  s ,    Galloway  ;    and 
Whitfield     House,     Derby- 
shire,   and  is    a  member   of 
the  Carlton,  Junior  Carlton, 
New  University  and  Bache- 
lors' Clubs. 


Lu/nycttc. 


JOHX  WOOD,  ESQ.,  JI.P. 


155 


BRITISH    INDIA 


II 


BRITISH    INDIA   AND   CEYLON. 


PRINCE   AGA   KHAN,   Aga 

Sultan  Mahomed  Shah,  was 
born  in  1875.  He  was  created 
K.C.I.E.  in  1898  and  G.C.I.E. 
in  1902,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Order  of  the  Brilliant  Star  of 
Zanzibar.  He  is  a  man  of 
wide  travel  and  varied 
experience,  has  many  religious 
followers  in  East  Africa,  Central 
Asia  and  India,  and  is  head  of 
the  Ismaili  Mahomedans.  He 
was  a  well-known  guest  of  the 
nation  at  both  the  Coronation 
of  the  late  King  Edward  and  at 
that  of  their  present  Majesties. 
He  has  his  principal  residence 
at  Aga  Hall,  Bombay,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Marlborough 
Club  in  L,ondon. 


/C 


His  Highness  Alij  ah, 
Farzand-i-Dilpizir-i- 
Daulat-i-Inglishia,  Mukhlis- 
ud-Daulah,  Nasir-ul-Mulk, 
Amir  -  ul-Umar  a  ,  Nawab  SIR 
MOHAMMAD  HAMID  ALI 


PRINCE    AGA    KHAN. 


157 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


H.H.    SIR   MOHAMMAD    AIJ    KHAN. 


KHAN,     Bahadur, 

MustaidJang,G.C.I.E., 
G.C.V.O.,  Wali  of 
Rampur,  A.D.C.  to  His 
Imperial  Majesty  the 
King -Emperor,  was 
born  on  the  3  ist  August, 
1875,  and  succeeded  in 
February,  1889.  His 
Highness  is  the  sole 
surviving  representa- 
tive of  the  once  great 
Rohilla  power  in  India. 
He  is  the  Premier  Chief 
in  the  United  Pro- 
vinces, and  rules  over 
a  territory  of  892 
square  miles  with  a 
population  of  531,217. 
His  Highness  the 
Nawab  is  an  enlight- 
ened prince,  and  is  well 
educated  in  the  Arabic, 
Persian  and  English 
languages.  He  is  a 
great  supporter  of 
education  for  Mahom- 
edans,  and  has 
travelled  extensively  in 
America  and  Europe. 
During  the  Mutiny  of 
1857  the  then  Nawab 
of  Rampur  displayed 


158 


BRITISH    INDIA 

his  unswerving  loyalty  to  the  British  Government  by  affording  pecuniary 
aid,  protecting  the  lives  of  Europeans,  and  rendering  other  valuable 
services,  which  were  suitably  recognised  by  the  paramount  power.  The 
present  Chief  has  inherited  the  military  instincts  of  his  forefathers,  and 
prides  himself  on  the  loyalty  of  his  house  to  the  British  throne.  This  State 
contributes  towards  the  defence  of  the  Indian  Empire  by  maintaining  a 
well-equipped  and  well-trained  battalion  of  Imperial  Service  Infantry  and  a 
Cavalry  unit  consisting  of  two  squadrons. 

His  Highness  was  invited  to  England  to  take  part  in  the  Coronation 
of  His  Majesty  King  George  V.,  but  was  unable  to  avail  himself  of 
the  invitation  on  account  of  ill-health.  At  Delhi  the  Nawab  had  the 
special  distinction  of  attending  the  Emperor  as  his  A.D.C.  on  different 
state  functions,  and  His  Highness  had  the  honour  of  receiving  from  the 
hands  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  the  King-Emperor  the  insignia  of  the  Knight 
Grand  Cross  of  the  Royal  Victorian  Order  at  the  historic  investiture  held 
there. 

His  Highness  has  two  sons,  the  eldest,  Sahebzada  Raza  Ali  Khan 
Bahadur,  being  the  heir- apparent. 

The  State  has  an  income  of  about  £300,000  a  year. 

Address  in  London,  Marlborough  Club.  Address  in  India,  Rampur 
(State),  United  Provinces. 

CAYAJI  RAO  III.  is  the  present  ruling  Chief  of  the  Gaekwar  House. 
He  was  born  on  the  i;th  March,  1863,  and  succeeded  to  the 
Masnad  on  the  ayth  May,  1875.  His  full  titles  are  :— His  Highness 
Farzand-i-Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia,  Maharajah  Sir  Sayaji  Rao,  Gaekwar, 
Sena  Khas  Khail,  Samsher  Bahadur,  G. C.S.I. 

His  Highness  is  the  direct  descendant  of  Partap  Rao,  son  of  Pillaji  Rao 
Gaekwar,  who  founded  the  State  of  Baroda  in  the  eighteenth  century  on  the 
downfall  of  the  Mogul  Empire.  His  ancestor,  Khande  Rao  Dabhade, 
was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  amongst  the  first  Mahratta  leaders. 
He  maintained  his  followers  in  Guzerat  and  Kathiawar,  and  exacted 

159 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

tribute  from  these  provinces.  In  the  struggle  for  supremacy  in  the  Mahratta 
confederacy,  he  supported  the  cause  of  Shahuji,  the  Rajah  of  Satarah,  and 
was  raised  by  him  to  the  rank  of  Senapati  or  Commander-in-Chief  in 
1716.  One  of  his  officers,  Damaji  Rao  Gaekwar,  so  distinguished  himself 
by  his  bravery  in  the  battle  of  Balapur  in  1720,  that  he  was  appointed  by 

Shahuji  second  in 
command,  with  the 
title  of  Samsher 
Bahadur  (Illustrious 
Swordsman) . 

Khande  Rao 
Dabhade  and  Damaji 
Rao  Gaekwar  died  in 
1721,  and  were  suc- 
ceeded in  office,  the 
former  by  his  son 
Trimbak  Rao  and  the 
latter  by  his  nephew 
Pillaji  Rao,  the  son  of 
Jhingoji  Rao  Gaekwar. 
In  1729  the 
Peishwa  obtained  from 
Sarbuland  Khan,  the 
Mogul  Deputy  in 
Guzerat,  a  cession  of 
Chanth  and  other  dues 
of  that  province,  and, 
among  other  con- 
ditions of  the  grant,  engaged  to  prevent  Mahratta  subjects  from  taking  part 
with  disturbers  of  the  peace.  As  Trimbak  Rao  Dabhade  considered  this  con- 
dition to  be  an  encroachment  on  his  rights,  he  entered  into  negotiations  with 
other  Mahratta  leaders  in  Guzerat  to  oppose  the  Peishwa's  claims.  He  was, 
however,  defeated  and  slain  in  the  battle  of  Bhilapur,  near  Baroda,  in  1731. 


H.H.    THK    GAEKWAR    OF    BARODA. 


1 60 


BRITISH    INDIA 

As  the  Peishwa  did  not  deem  it  politic  to  crush  the  Mahratta  Chiefs, 
Yeshwant  Rao,  the  infant  son  of  Trimbak  Rao,  was  appointed  by  him  to  the 
rank  of  Senapati,  and,  considering  his  tender  age,  nominated  Pillaji  Rao 
Gaekwar  his  Mutalik  or  Deputy,  and  conferred  on  him  the  title  of  Sena  Khas 
Khail  (Commander  of  the  Special  Corps) . 

The    cession    of    the  Chauth  by  Sarbuland   Khan    was    subsequently 
disallowed  by  the  Bmperor  of  Delhi,   who  removed  him  from  office  and 
appointed  Abhai  Singh,  the  Maharajah  of  Jodhpur,  as  Viceroy  of  Guzerat. 
Pillaji  Rao  was  assassinated  in  1732  by  the  emissaries  of  Abhai  Singh. 

Damaji  Rao  Gaekwar  succeeded  his  father,  Pillaji  Rao.  He  avenged 
his  father's  murder  and  wrested  the  whole  of  Guzerat  from  the  Mogul  Viceroy. 
Baroda  was  recaptured  in  1734,  since  which  year  it  has  remained  in  the  hands 
of  the  Gaekwars.  Yeshwant  Rao  Dabhade,  when  he  came  of  age,  proved 
incompetent  for  his  post,  and  the  Dabhade  family  gave  place  to  the  Gaekwars. 

In  1755  the  Mogul  Government  in  Ahmedabad  was  entirely  subverted, 
and  the  town  and  country  were  shared  between  the  Peishwa  and  the  Gaekwar. 
Damaji  Rao  also  added  considerably  to  his  power  and  revenue  by  conquests 
in  the  peninsula  of  Kathiawar.  He  likewise  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Panipat 
in  1761,  and  commanded  a  division.  Some  time  after  his  return  from  Panipat 
he  moved  to  Pattan,  and  made  this  town  (the  ancient  Anhilwad)  his  capital  in 
the  place  of  Songhad.  By  his  untiring  energy,  valour,  and  ability,  Damaji 
Rao  became  the  sovereign  of  a  large  country.  He  died  in  1768. 

His  second  son,  Govind  Rao,  procured  from  the  Peishwa  his  recognition 
as  successor  to  his  father's  rank  and  title.  Subsequently,  however,  Sayaji 
Rao  I.,  the  eldest  son  of  Damaji  Rao,  who  was  of  weak  mind,  was  declared 
by  the  Poona  Court  to  be  Sena  Khas  Khail,  and  Fateh  Singh  Rao,  one  of  his 
brothers,  was  appointed  his  Mutalik  or  Regent. 

In  1781  the  city  of  Baroda  superseded  Pattan  as  the  capital  of  the 
Gaekwars. 

Fateh  Singh  Rao  died  in  1789,  and  was  practically  succeeded  by  Manaji 
Rao  Gaekwar,  who  assumed  the  charge  of  the  person  of  his  half-brother, 
Sayaji  Rao,  and  of  the  administration  of  the  State,  in  spite  of  the  remonstrances 
of  Govind  Rao.  Sayaji  Rao  died  in  1792,  and  in  the  following  year,  Manaji 

161 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Rao's  death  took  place,  whereupon  Govind  Rao  was  once  more  restored  by 
the  Peishwa  and  allowed  to  assume  the  title  of  Sena  Khas  Khail. 

Govind  Rao  died  in  1800.  His  eldest  son,  Anand  Rao  Gaekwar,  was 
acknowledged  as  his  successor.  It  was  during  the  reign  of  this  Maharajah  that 
treaties  were  concluded  between  the  British  and  Baroda  Governments  between 
1802  and  1817.  Under  these,  the  British  Government  promised  its  protection 
and  countenance  to  the  Gaekwar  in  all  public  concerns,  according  to  justice 
and  as  it  may  appear  to  be  for  the  good  of  the  country,  respecting  which 
the  Gaekwar  was  to  listen  to  advice.  Agents  were  to  be  reciprocally  appointed 
to  reside  with  each  of  the  contracting  parties  ;  criminals  were  to  be  mutually 
surrendered;  an  offensive  as  well  as  defensive  alliance  was  contracted,  and  the 
Gaekwar  agreed  to  receive  from  the  British  Government  a  subsidiary  force 
consisting  of  four  thousand  native  infantry,  one  thousand  native  cavalry, 
one  company  of  European  artillery,  and  two  companies  of  gun  Lascars,  with 
the  necessary  military  equipments.  This  force  was  to  be  stationed  in  Baroda 
territory,  and  for  its  support  territories  yielding  at  that  period  an  annual 
revenue  of  Rs.  2,431,969  were  ceded  by  the  Gaekwar  in  perpetual  sovereignty 
to  the  British  Government.  The  Gaekwar  also  bound  himself  to  maintain 
a  contingent  of  3,000*  effective  cavalry  to  co-operate  with  the  subsidiary  force 
in  time  of  war.  The  Peishwa  was  obliged  by  the  British  Government  to 
renounce  all  future  claims  against  the  Gaekwar  either  pecuniary  or  for 
supremacy  or  other  cause.  The  foreign  policy  of  the  State  was  to  be  controlled 
by  the  British  Government. 

Anand  Rao  died  in  1819,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Sayaji 
Rao  II.  On  his  accession  the  British  Government  resolved  to  withdraw 
from  the  minute  interference  which  it  had  exercised  in  the  time  of 
Maharajah  Anand  Rao  in  the  internal  affairs  of  the  Baroda  State,  provided 
that  the  Gaekwar  respected  the  guaranteed  allowances  of  certain  persons 
and  the  agreements  with  his  tributaries  and  bankers. 

In  1820  a  convention  was  concluded  whereby  the  Gaekwar  agreed 
to  send  no  troops  into  Kathiawar  and  the  Mahi  Kantha  without  the  consent 

*     In   1881  the  British    Government   agreed   to   allow   the   contingent   to    be    disbanded,    in 
consideration  of  an  annual   money  payment  to  them  of  Rs.  375,000. 

162 


BRITISH    INDIA 

of  the  British  Government,  and  to  make  no  demand  on  the  Zemindars  or  others 
residing  in  those  provinces,  except  through  the  medium  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment, who  engaged  to  procure  payment  of  the  tribute  payable  to  Baroda 
from  those  provinces  free  of  expense.  In  1825  a  somewhat  similar  arrange- 
ment was  made  on  behalf  of  the  Mewasis  of  Rewa  Kantha.  The  reign  of  this 
Prince  extended  over  twenty-eight  years,  and  was  generally  prosperous. 

Sayaji  Rao  died  in  1847,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son,  Ganpat 
Rao.  He  died  without  male  issue  in  1856,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother, 
Khande  Rao.  The  Sepoy  Mutiny  occurred  during  the  reign  of  this 
ruler,  and  His  Highness  rendered  loyal  assistance  to  the  British  Government 
during  this  critical  period.  He  was  granted  the  right  of  adoption  in  1862, 
and  was  afterwards  created  a  Knight  Grand  Commander  of  the  Star  of  India. 

Maharajah  Khande  Rao  died  in  1870  without  male  issue,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  younger  brother,  Malhar  Rao.  The  maladministration 
of  this  Maharajah  terminated  in  his  deposal  by  the  British  Government 
and  deportation  to  Madras  in  1875,  where  he  died  in  1882. 

The  British  Government,  being  desirous  to  mark  their  sense  of  the  loyal 
services  of  Maharajah  Khande  Rao  Gaekwar  during  the  Mutiny,  acceded  to 
the  request  of  his  widow,  Maharanee  Jamnabai,  that  she  might  be  allowed 
to  adopt  some  member  of  the  Gaekwar  family,  who  might  be  selected  as  the 
most  suitable  person  upon  whom  to  confer  the  Baroda  State. 

Her  choice  fell  upon  Gopal  Rao,  a  descendant  of  Partap  Rao,  son  of 
Pillaji  Rao  Gaekwar,  and  he  was  installed  as  Gaekwar  of  Baroda  on  the  27th 
May,  1875,  under  the  name  of  SAYAJI  RAO  III.  His  Highness  attended  the 
Delhi  Durbar  of  1877,  on  which  occasion  he  received  the  title  of  Farzand-i- 
Khas-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia.  On  the  28th  December,  1881,  he  was  formally 
invested  with  full  powers,  and  in  1887  he  was  appointed  a  Knight  Grand 
Commander  of  the  Star  of  India. 

Since  the  assumption  of  the  powers  of  government,  His  Highness  has 
devoted  himself  energetically  to  the  improvement  of  the  administration 
of  the  State  in  its  various  branches. 

Extraordinary  care  was  taken  with  the  education  of  the  young  Prince. 
An  English  civilian  of  high  ability,  the  late  Mr.  F.  A.  H.  Elliot,  C.I.E.,  was 

163 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

chosen  for  his  tutor  ;  a  school  was  formed  for  him  with  a  few  companions  of 
high  rank  ;  other  suitable  teachers  were  appointed,  and  the  Prince  applied 
himself  with  characteristic  zeal  and  industry  to  the  acquisition  of  a  sound 
education.  When  the  time  for  his  installation  drew  near,  special  training 
was  added  to  fit  him  for  his  work  in  life,  and  lectures  on  various  subjects 
connected  with  the  administration  of  the  State  were  delivered  to  him  by 
Sir  T.  Madava  Rao  (who  was  placed  by  the  British  Government  in  charge 
of  the  administration  during  his  minority)  and  by  his  colleagues.  Political 
philosophy  has  always  been  one  of  his  favourite  subjects  of  study,  and  gifted 
with  a  naturally  keen  intellect,  the  Prince  has,  through  his  severe  training 
and  through  much  subsequent  study,  acquired  that  power  of  ready  grasp  and 
of  logical  discussion  which,  combined  with  his  innate  courtesy  and  kindliness, 
have  given  him  so  marked  a  position  among  the  ruling  chiefs  in  India. 

His  Highness,  too,  has  always  been  devoted  to  outdoor  exercises,  such  as 
riding,  swimming,  shooting,  and  hunting — thus  not  belying  the  fine  tradition 
of  the  hardy  Mahratta  race.  The  motto,  "  Jeen  ghar,  jeentakht"  (i.e.,  The 
saddle  the  home,  the  saddle  the  throne),  on  a  banner  presented  to  him 
by  the  British  Government  in  1876,  is  expressive  of  the  bold  character  of  the 
race  from  which  he  has  sprung.  Indeed,  throughout  a  busy  reign  the 
Maharajah  has  kept  himself  in  good  form  as  a  sportsman.  The  moors  of 
Scotland  not  less  than  the  jungles  of  India  have  afforded  him  sport.  Besides 
panthers,  tigers  and  bears,  his  bag  has  included  a  lion.  He  annually  entertains 
a  large  party  for  pig-sticking  in  his  preserves  at  Dabka  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Baroda. 

Other  and  rarer  qualities  appear  to  have  shown  themselves  in  the 
youth.  Early  reports  of  his  progress  note  his  natural  ease,  the  dignity  and 
modesty  of  his  bearing,  his  self-possession  and  good  manners,  evenness  of 
temper  and  thoughtfulness  of  disposition.  The  qualities  most  characteristic 
of  him  traceable  in  his  administrative  work  are  regularity,  love  of  method  and 
exactness,  and  above  all,  the  patience  and  perseverance  that  have  enabled 
him  to  carry  on  his  work  under  the  most  trying  conditions,  and  in  the  face 
of  the  most  discouraging  difficulties. 

On  the  28th  December,   1881,  His  Highness,    as   already  stated,  was 

164 


BRITISH    INDIA 

invested  with  full  powers  of  administration,  and  began  the  serious  business  ot 
his  career.  From  the  first  the  young  Maharajah  determined  to  devote  his 
energies  and  abilities  to  the  good  of  his  kingdom  and  the  welfare  of  his  subjects. 
He  surrounded  himself  with  able  ministers  and  officers,  and  spent  his  best 
efforts  in  improving  the  morale  of  his  Civil  Service. 

The  new  regime  of  1881  had  to  build  up  everything  anew,  for  it  found 
not  much  to  work  upon.  The  minister  in  power  during  the  minority,  a  man  of 
proved  ability,  had  succeeded  in  laying  foundations  and  sketching  a  framework 
of  some  of  the  first  necessities  of  a  systematic  administration.  He  had 
also  settled  many  of  the  administrative  questions  which  lay  open  between 
the  Baroda  State  and  the  British  Government.  But  to  perfect  effective  and 
well-adapted  machinery  to  grapple  with  difficult  questions  of  internal  reform 
and  to  push  the  State  forward  into  line  of  progress  with  the  rest  of  India, 
was  the  task  which  the  Maharajah  found  reserved  for  himself.  To  the 
first  period  of  his  reign,  between  his  investiture  in  1881  and  his  first  visit 
to  Europe  in  1887,  belongs  the  work  of  initiation  during  which  His  Highness 
thoroughly  acquainted  himself  with  the  conditions  and  needs  of  his  dominions 
and  laid  strong  foundations  in  every  direction  for  his  future  work  in  life. 
During  this  period  he  visited  in  turn  each  of  the  four  divisions  of  the  Baroda 
territory,  inquired  into  the  needs  of  his  subjects,  and  made  himself  accessible 
to  all  classes  of  people.  The  variety  of  work  done  in  these  years  was  pro- 
digious. Among  other  reforms  a  scientific  land-revenue  survey  was  initiated  ; 
the  revenue  system  was  thoroughly  revised  and  rules  relating  to  it  were 
codified  ;  customs  taxation  was  lightened  ;  transit  duties  were  abolished,  and 
the  first  cotton  spinning  and  weaving  mills  in  Baroda  were  started.  The 
military  was  rendered  more  efficient.  Of  the  many  useful  public  works  which 
distinguish  the  State,  the  great  Ajwa  Reservoir  (Shri  Sayaji  Sarowar),  which 
now  supplies  drinking  water  to  the  City  of  Baroda,  was  commenced  about 
this  time.  These  water-works  have  cost  forty-three  lakhs  of  rupees.  Since 
their  construction  the  health  of  Baroda  has  much  improved,  and  cholera 
has  disappeared  altogether.  The  City  of  Baroda  was  improved,  and  several 
important  public  buildings  were  erected  at  considerable  cost.  Nor  was  the 
welfare  of  the  towns  and  villages  neglected,  each  being  provided  with  its 

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LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

own  school,  public  office,  and  pure  water,  while  in  the  larger  towns  throughout 
the  districts,  dispensaries  open  to  all  classes  of  people  were  established. 
In  1882  the  Baroda  Arts  College  and  also  a  Female  Training  College  were 
opened.  Special  attention  to  female  education  began  henceforward  to  be  a 
marked  feature  of  the  educational  policy  of  the  State.  In  1883  special 
schools  were  provided  for  the  backward  and  poorer  classes,  and  from  that 
time  onward  efforts  were  made,  and  are  still  being  made,  to  elevate  them 
socially  and  morally.  In  1885  the  second  Male  Training  College  was  estab- 
lished. Meanwhile,  rules  and  regulations  were  being  drawn  up  for  all 
departments,  and  the  machinery  of  government  was  rendered  so  efficient 
that  when  His  Excellency  Lord  Dufferin,  the  then  Viceroy,  visited  Baroda 
in  1886,  he  congratulated  His  Highness  on  the  many  improvements  set  on 
foot  in  the  State,  and  expressed  his  belief  that  "  in  His  Highness  India  is 
blessed  with  one  of  those  wise,  high-minded,  and  conscientious  members, 
whose  life  is  a  blessing  to  their  people,  and  whose  co-operation  with  the 
Government  of  India  is  more  calculated  than  anything  else  to  further  the 
happiness  of  Her  Majesty's  Indian  subjects,  and  to  assist  us  in  the  performance 
of  onerous  and  grave  duties." 

In  May,  1887,  His  Highness  paid  his  first  visit  to  Europe,  which  lasted 
until  February,  1888.  This  was  undertaken  by  His  Highness  with  a  view 
to  recruit  his  health,  impaired  by  the  heavy  strain  of  work.  The  gravity  of 
the  matter  was  not  at  that  time  fully  realised  by  his  people,  who  urged  him  to 
return  earlier  than  was  probably  advisable.  But  the  first  visit  led  to  others. 
He  visited  Europe  a  second  time  in  June,  1888,  and  again  in  1892  and 
1893.  These  visits  did  more  than  anything  else  to  stimulate  the  Maharajah 
in  his  work  of  reform,  and  at  the  same  time  to  render  him  dissatisfied 
with  the  small  progress  his  State  had  so  far  made  in  comparison  with  that 
in  the  Western  countries.  The  conclusions  drawn  by  him  from  his  first  foreign 
travels  were  that  ignorance  was  the  cause  of  poverty  among  Indians  ;  that 
education  was  the  only  remedy,  and  must  therefore  be  pushed  on  and  extended, 
and  that  the  want  of  technical  and  scientific  training  must  be  supplied. 
As  a  consequence  the  Kala  Bhavan  (i.e.,  Technical  Institute)  of  Baroda  came 
into  being  in  1890,  "  where,"  to  quote  the  Maharajah's  words,  "  education 


BRITISH    INDIA 

of  the  hand  and  the  eye  will  be  attempted  side  by  side  with  that  of  the  mind 
and  where  instruction  will  be  imparted  mainly  through  the  vernaculars." 
The  Institute  comprises  Schools  of  Arts,  Architecture,  Mechanical  Engineering, 
Dyeing,  Weaving,  and  Commerce.  Industrial  schools  were  also  opened 
in  the  districts  to  serve  as  feeder  schools  to  the  Kala  Bhavan.  In  1892  an 
Education  Commission  was  appointed,  and,  in  1893,  the  bold  and  novel  scheme 
of  compulsory  education  was  introduced  as  an  experimental  measure  in  the 
Amreli  Taluka  of  the  State.  Under  this  scheme,  at  first  forty  per  cent.,  and 
later  on  all  of  the  scholars  were  admitted  free.  The  number  of  vernacular  schools 
in  the  State  was  now  doubled.  It  has  been  part  of  the  educational  system 
to  translate  various  well-known  English  books  on  science,  art,  history,  and 
general  subjects,  as  well  as  works  in  Sanskrit,  into  the  vernaculars  for  the 
benefit  of  the  scholars.  A  fine  Museum  has  been  constructed  where  students 
can  go  and  study  the  various  elaborate  collections  of  natural  history.  Twenty- 
four  scholars  representing  different  communities  were  sent  to  Europe  for 
higher  study — a  scheme  which  has  since  been  developed  and  extended — and 
Baroda  students  are  now  studying  in  various  countries  in  Europe  and  America, 
and  in  Japan.  Occasionally  officers  in  the  service  of  the  State  are  sent  to  Europe, 
America,  and  parts  of  India,  with  the  object  of  acquiring  an  insight  into 
the  working  of  the  various  institutions.  During  this  period  various  other 
Departments  of  Government  were  re-organised,  among  them  the  Police  Force 
and  the  Forest  and  the  Accounts  Departments.  A  Municipal  Act  was  passed  ; 
more  hospitals  were  built  and  equipped  with  the  necessary  staff.  The  State 
currency  was  reformed.  A  Model  Farm  was  established  at  the  capital,  and  the 
services  of  an  expert  European  officer  were  engaged  for  the  purpose  of  giving 
practical  lessons  in  Agriculture.  Then,  too,  His  Highness  launched  on  a 
scheme  of  extensive  railway  construction  throughout  his  territory,  which, 
being  persevered  in  to  the  present  day,  has  brought  the  mileage  of  railways 
in  Baroda,  which  was  60  in  1881,  to  368  in  1912,  involving  an  expenditure 
of  about  a  crore  and  a  half.  The  same  beneficial  policy  was  pursued  in 
regard  to  the  construction  of  roads.  His  Excellency  Lord  Elgin,  another 
Viceroy,  who  visited  Baroda  in  1896,  spoke  with  especial  praise  of  His 
Highness' s  educational  policy. 

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LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

During  the  next  ten  years  of  his  rule,  concluding  with  his  Silver  Jubilee 
in  1907,  His  Highness  showed  a  distinct  tendency  to  enter  into  the  wider 
life  of  India  as  a  whole.  He  took  delight  in  writing  articles  in  magazines, 
appeared  often  on  public  platforms,  and  discussed  questions  of  national  import- 
ance with  the  leaders  of  Indian  society.  In  administrative  work,  too,  he 
struck  a  bolder  key.  In  1901  His  Highness  decided  to  substitute,  for  a 
period  of  not  less  than  fifty  years,  the  British  Indian  silver  coinage  for  the 
Babashai  rupee  of  the  State,  in  order  to  remove  the  great  inconvenience  caused 
to  trade  by  the  fluctuations  in  the  rate  of  exchange  between  the  two  currencies. 
In  1903-4  he  completely  separated  the  executive  and  judicial  functions  of 
his  officers,  and  decentralised  much  of  the  executive  work.  In  1904  primary 
education  was  made  free  and  compulsory  throughout  the  State.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  and  other  educational  reforms,  the  State  has  now  been  spending 
annually  about  sixteen  lakhs  of  rupees  on  Education.  In  1904-5  he  sanctioned 
the  formation  of  an  Executive  Council  to  relieve  the  pressure  of  work  on  the 
Central  Government ;  he  also  abolished  over  two  hundred  vexatious  taxes 
on  different  castes  and  professions  and  substituted  an  Income  Tax  in  their 
stead.  In  1905  he  passed  a  L,ocal  Boards  Act,  organising  a  system  of  rural 
self-government  throughout  the  State.  He  also  passed  an  Act  for  the 
prevention  of  child  marriages. 

His  Highness  attended  the  Coronation  Durbar  of  His  Imperial  Majesty 
Edward  VII.  held  at  Delhi  on  the  ist  January,  1903.  In  1905  His  Highness 
undertook  his  longest  foreign  trip.  It  occupied  nineteen  months,  during 
which  time  he  visited  America,  as  well  as  Europe,  mixing  with  the  great 
men  of  different  nationalities,  examining  the  systems  of  foreign  governments, 
and  studying  Occidental  civilisation  in  its  various  bearings. 

In  1907  the  subjects  of  the  Baroda  State  celebrated  His  Highness's 
Silver  Jubilee,  and  spontaneously  demonstrated  their  appreciation  of  his 
devotion  to  public  affairs  and  his  personal  regard  for  the  increasing  happiness 
and  well-being  of  his  subjects.  For  a  whole  week  there  were  rejoicings  all 
over  the  Gaekwar's  dominions,  and  in  a  lengthy  address,  reviewing  the 
leading  features  of  His  Highness's  administration,  the  representatives  of  the 
people  testified  the  depth  of  their  loyalty  and  gratitude.  On  this  occasion,  His 

1 08 


BRITISH    INDIA 

Highness  made  a  touching  speech,  in  which  he  referred  to  the  duty  he  had 
tried  to  discharge  towards  the  State,  and  asked  indulgence  for  any  possible 
errors  he  might  have  committed  in  fulfilling  the  great  task  to  which  he  had 
set  himself.  Several  valuable  concessions  were  granted  to  the  people  in 
commemoration  of  this  event. 

Since  his  Jubilee  the  Maharajah  has  been  as  incessant  in  his  labours 
on  behalf  of  his  kingdom  as  before.      Encouraged  by  the  affection  of  his 
people  and  the  esteem  of  a  wide  circle  both  within  and  without  India,  he 
has  realised  only  too  fully  how  much  work  remains  still  to  be  done  before 
he  can  see  his  people  thrifty,    energetic,    and   resourceful.     His   Highness 
brought  from  America  a  graduate   of  considerable   ability,   who   acted   as 
Economic  Adviser  to  his  Government.     Indigenous  industries  and  commerce 
have  been  fostered.     He  founded  the  Baroda  Bank,  and  helped  the  organisa- 
tion of  the  Baroda  Tramway  Company.     Dyeing  factories  were  established  ; 
Customs  duties  were  abolished  ;   the  geological  resources  of  the  State,  which 
had  previously  been  ascertained  by  a  survey,  were  carefully  inquired  into 
once  more  with  a  view  to  possible  industrial  developments.     Greater  autonomy 
was  granted  to  Village  Boards  and  Municipalities.     The  experiment  of  a 
Legislative  Council  was  tried,  and  has  been  found  successful ;  and  the  number 
of  the  members  of  this  Council  has  recently  been  increased.     It  is  as  yet  only 
an  advisory  body,  but  the  members  possess  the  right  of  interpellation.     Yet 
another  prominent  feature  of  His  Highness's  interest  in  the  administration 
of  the  State  has  been  the  drawing  up  of  laws,  rules,  and  regulations  for  the 
various  departments  of  the  State,  not  excluding  his  own  household.     The 
Hindu  law  applicable  to  the  State  has  been  codified.     All  this  has  simplified  the 
work  of  officials,  and  given  general  satisfaction  to  the  public.    The  Maharajah, 
who   in  social  matters  is  a  Radical,   has    also   passed  some   Acts    for    the 
prevention  of  some  of  the  social  evils.     A  few  years  ago  he  appointed  an 
Education  and  a  Decentralisation  Commission,   and  adopted  most  of  the 
recommendations  formulated.      In   1910   he   also   appointed  a   Commission 
to  inquire  into  the  physical  condition  of  his  subjects,  and  the  report  sub- 
mitted by  the  Commission  received  due  consideration.      Libraries  and  reading 
rooms  are  being  established  throughout  the  State  with  the  help  of  an  American 

169 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

expert,  whose  services  have  been  specially  secured  by  His  Highness ;  and  an 
Art  Gallery  has  been  built  in  order  to  receive  the  collection  of  pictures  by 
Old  and  Modern  Masters  of  all  the  Schools  now  in  course  of  formation.  This 
National  Gallery,  in  which  sculpture  will  be  included,  already  includes  many 
works  well  known  to  and  appreciated  by  the  connoisseur,  and,  by  the  desire 
of  His  Highness,  is  being  formed  on  a  sound  and  reasoned  scheme. 

Irrigation  and  railways  are  being  extended  from  day  to  day,  whereby  his 
subjects  have  benefited  immensely. 

In  1909  His  Excellency  Lord  Minto,  the  Viceroy,  visited  Baroda. 
On  this  occasion  he  complimented  His  Highness  on  the  labour  devoted  by 
him  to  the  study  of  educational,  social,  and  other  questions  relating  to  the 
State,  wished  him  success  in  the  reforms  introduced  from  time  to  time,  and 
expressed  his  gratification  at  recognising  on  all  sides  evidence  of  the  adminis- 
trative energy  and  capacity  of  His  Highness. 

In  1910  His  Highness  visited  Japan  and  subsequently  proceeded  to 
England  in  time  to  be  present  at  the  Coronation  ceremony  of  His  Imperial 
Majesty  George  V.,  King-Emperor  of  India.  His  Highness  was  also  present 
on  the  occasion  of  the  Imperial  Coronation  Durbar  held  at  Delhi  on  the 
I2th  December,  1911. 

A  few  words  must  here  be  devoted  to  the  incident  which  occurred  at  the 
Delhi  Durbar,  and  which,  in  certain  quarters,  was  made  the  most  of  through 
misunderstanding,  through  ignorance,  or  prejudice.  Owing  to  the  regulation, 
as  transmitted  officially  to  the  Gaekwar,  that  only  one  bow  should  be  made 
as  act  of  homage  to  Their  Majesties  the  King-Emperor  and  Queen-Empress 
—an  official  mistake  now  duly  acknowledged — His  Highness  was  said  to 
be  desirous  of  shewing  discourtesy  to  Her  Majesty  when  he  followed  the 
instruction  which,  as  he  afterwards  said,  "struck  me  as  strange."  He  was 
reproached  in  an  important  section  of  the  British  press  for  the  white  linen  costume 
which  he  wore,  the  fact  being  ignored  that  it  is  the  costume  a  Gaekwar  wears,  as 
Gaekwar,  on  the  highest  occasions,  and  which,  in  fact,  he  had  donned  in  the  two 
Coronation  Processions  in  London,  in  one  of  which  Their  Majesties  were  wearing 
their  crowns.  In  London  it  was  understood.  And  it  might  be  added  that 
the  materials  of  which  it  was  composed  were  more  costly  than  many  of  the 

170 


BRITISH    INDIA 

silks  and  satins  worn  by  others  on  state  occasions.  He  was  further  reproached 
with  having,  before  the  homage,  transferred  his  pearl  necklace,  which  he 
had  worn  before  the  people,  from  his  own  neck  to  that  of  his  son,  he  himself 
appearing  simply  before  his  liege  lord — an  act  graceful  in  itself,  unfortunately 
not  appreciated  by  certain  officials  and  correspondents.  It  was  objected 
that  he  carried  a  stick — which  he  certainly  did,  and  has  regularly  done  at 
former  Durbars,  as  well  as  at  all  other  times  ;  the  stick  appears  in  his  state 
portraits  as  Gaekwar,  as  another  would  wear  his  sword  ;  and  none  hitherto 
had  challenged  it.  He  was  criticised  for  turning  too  soon  after  the  obeisance, 
instead  of  backing  from  Their  Majesties — an  undoubted  blunder  to  which 
undue  importance  has  been  given.  It  was  made  in  the  excitement  of  the 
supreme  moment  by  a  Prince  whose  temperament  is  known  to  be  nervous, 
and  who  at  such  a  time,  and  in  circumstances  the  whole  camp  knew  of,  forgot 
the  predetermined  formula.  As  the  Gaekwar  said  afterwards  :  "So  far  as  I 
know,  no  mistake  took  place  except  that,  it  appears,  I  turned  back  a  little 
too  soon.  A  few  steps  more  and  it  would  have  been  all  right.  But  it  was 
a  sheer  mistake.  Yet  some  people,  for  some  reason  or  other,  wish  to  make 
capital  out  of  it.  Some  day  the  truth  will  be  known."  He  was,  in  fact, 
in  ignorance  that  anything  untoward  had  happened  until  the  end  of  the 
ceremony,  when  the  matter — an  accident  which,  when  he  was  made  aware  of 
it,  he  thought  would  have  passed  unnoticed — was  brought  to  his  attention 
by  friends  (misrepresented  as  "  the  fierce  denunciations  of  loyal  and  chivalrous 
Rajputs ")  ;  whereupon  with  natural  chivalry  and  loyalty  he  instantly 
offered  an  apology  (forthwith  described  as  the  craven  humility  of  a  guilty 
conscience).  Such  are  the  details,  all  capable  of  explanation  and  obvious 
to  the  unprejudiced  mind,  of  the  grounds  of  attack  of  which  so  much  has 
been  unduly  and  unjustly  made.  What  would  have  properly  passed  as  a  little 
excusable  gaucherie  in  another,  was  untruthfully  magnified  in  the  Gaekwar's 
case  into  gross  rudeness,  if  not  disloyalty  and  sedition.  It  did  not  occur  to 
the  critics  that  such  conduct,  if  true,  would  be  an  act  of  supremest  folly, 
possibly  of  self-destruction,  perpetrated  by  the  man  who  has  shown  himself 
the  most  enlightened  and  progressive  native  ruler  in  India,  whose  appreciation 
of  British  institutions  and  of  British  rule  has  been  proved  throughout  his 

171 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

whole  career.  The  errors  of  the  act  of  obeisance  and  of  sitting  while  the 
Viceroy  was  sitting,  have  been  shown  to  have  originated  in  the  quarter 
where  the  programme  presented  him  for  guidance  in  the  ceremonial  was 
prepared.  This,  apparently,  was  unknown  to  those  who  have  formed  British 
public  opinion  on  the  incident. 

To  give  point  to  the  attack  and  innuendoes  of  disloyalty,  it  was  announced 
at  the  same  time  that  a  printing-press  subsidised  by  His  Highness  had 
previously  printed  seditious  matter  in  his  State.  The  fact  of  the  printing 
was  true  ;  but  it  was  untrue  that  the  press,  set  up  in  one  of  the  outlying 
districts  of  the  State,  was  subsidised.  In  fact,  no  printing-press  in  Baroda 
State  is  subsidised,  or  has  been  for  twenty  years  past  ;  and  the  existence 
of  the  press  in  question  was  unknown  to  His  Highness.  Immediately  on  the 
offence  becoming  known — before  the  Coronation — the  Gaekwar  instituted 
an  inquiry  with  the  object  of  punishing  the  misdemeanour,  with  the  full 
knowledge  and  approval  of  the  Resident. 

It  may  safely  be  said  that  no  ruling  Prince  is  more  loyal  to  the  King 
and  to  the  British  Raj,  or  more  devoted  in  following  the  example  of  British 
civilisation,  as  applicable  to  Indian  needs,  nor  has  he  allowed  any  opportunity 
to  pass  by  which  he  might  display  his  sympathy  and  loyalty.  Latterly,  he 
was  the  first  outside  England  to  contribute  to  the  Titanic  Fund  (£500),  and 
to  the  Scott  Memorial  (£200)  ;  he  has  lent  highly  important  works  of  art  from 
his  collections  in  Baroda  institutions  for  the  delight  and  instruction  of  the 
British  people — to  the  Royal  Academy  (Old  Masters),  to  the  Victoria 
and  Albert  Museum,  and  to  the  Whitechapel  Art  Gallery. 

This  constant  visitor,  and  modest  and  enlightened  gentleman  (whose 
loyal  devotion  is  recognised  by  all  who  know  him,  but  whose  fair  name  has 
been  made  the  butt  of  the  ill-informed  and  evil-wisher),  is  not  the  man  to 
insult  the  King  and  Queen,  of  whom  he  has  always  spoken  in  terms  of  reverence 
and  admiration.  Neither,  were  it  otherwise,  could  he  be  so  foolish,  as  the 
thoughtless  imagine,  as  to  be  ready  by  blind  and  graceless  acts  of  vanity 
or  hostility  (as  was  alleged)  to  bring  grave  trouble  on  his  own  head.  He  is 
a  good  sportsman  in  every  sense,  and  he  must  appreciate  the  act  of  justice, 
belated  though  it  was,  on  the  part  of  Viscount  Hardinge,  who  first  had  the 

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BRITISH    INDIA 

pluck  to  stand  up  before  a  British  public,  incensed  through  so  many  misstate- 
ments  and  exaggerations,  and,  in  so  far  as  he  could,  to  extract  the  sting 
from  the  charges  which  had  been  made.  But  poison  absorbed  takes 
long  to  eradicate.  Yet,  in  the  words  of  His  Highness,  "  the  truth  will  be 
known  " — the  sooner  when  they  who  obscured  it,  however  unintentionally, 
reconsider  the  actual  facts.  Justice  demands  as  much  in  fairness  to  the  man 
and  ruler  who  has  been  cruelly  wronged. 

It  was  necessary  to  notice  the  incident  here,  in  view  of  the  undue 
importance  that  has  been  attached  to  it,  and  the  false  deductions  from  it 
that  have  been  made. 

In  1880,  a  yeai  before  his  investiture,  His  Highness  married  a  Princess 
of  the  House  of  Tanjore,  an  accomplished  and  amiable  lady,  who,  however, 
died  in  1885,  leaving  one  son,  Shrimant  Yuvaraj  Fateh  Singh  Rao,  then  aged 
two  years.  He  was  well  educated  and  studied  at  Oxford  University  ;  he  was 
also  a  keen  sportsman.  He  was  married  in  1904.  Unhappily,  in  1908  he 
died,  leaving  three  children — two  daughters,  and  a  son  named  Pratap  Singh 
Raje. 

After  the  death  of  the  first  Maharanee,  His  Highness  married  a  young 
and  graceful  Mahratta  lady  named  Chimnabai  Saheb,  cousin  to  His  Highness 
the  Rajah  of  Dewas.  She  is  well  educated,  and  has  travelled  with  His 
Highness  in  Europe  and  America.  She  takes  a  great  interest  in  public 
movements,  co-operating  with  the  Maharaj  ah  in  his  work  of  social  reform.  She 
is  specially  interested  in  all  endeavours  to  improve  the  position  of  women 
in  India.  Her  Highness  has  founded  scholarships  for  the  education  of  girls, 
and  contributed  a  large  sum  of  money  for  an  industrial  institution  for  poor 
women  in  Baroda,  where  they  may  learn  to  become  self-supporting.  In 
November,  1909,  Her  Highness  organised  a  grand  Fancy  Bazaar  in  aid  of  this 
cause  and  invited  Her  Excellency  Lady  Minto  to  open  it.  The  Maharanee 
is  also  a  worthy  comrade  of  His  Highness  in  sport.  She  is  an  excellent  shot, 
and  has  brought  down  more  than  one  tiger.  Her  Highness  was  invested 
in  1892  with  the  Order  of  the  Crown  of  India.  To  His  Highness  she  has 
borne  four  children — three  sons  and  one  daughter,  whose  education  has 
been  most  carefully  supervised.  Shrimant  Raj  Kumar  Jaisingh  Rao,  the 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

eldest  son,  was  born  in  1888.  He  was  educated  at  Harrow  and  at 
Harvard  University.  On  his  return  from  abroad  he  was  married  to 
the  daughter  of  Merherban  Bapusaheb  Ganpat  Rao  Hande  on  the 
27th  February,  1913.  Shrimant  Raj  Kumar  Shivaji  Rao,  the  second  son, 
who  was  born  in  1890,  passed  the  Intermediate  Examination  of  the 
University  of  Bombay  from  the  Baroda  College,  and  then  passed  to 
Oxford.  Shrimati  Raj  Kumari  Indiraraja  was  born  in  1892.  She  was 
educated  at  Baroda  and  also  at  a  well-known  private  school  in  England. 
She  matriculated  from  the  Bombay  University,  being  the  first  Indian 
Princess  to  have  achieved  such  a  distinction.  She  is  still  continuing  her 
studies  privately.  Shrimant  Raj  Kumar  Dhairyashil  Rao,  the  youngest 
son,  was  born  in  1893  ;  for  some  time  a  scholar  in  Eastbourne,  he  is  now 
a  student  of  the  Mayo  College,  Ajmere. 

The  Baroda  territories  lie  between  20°  45'  and  21°  42'  North  latitude, 
and  between  70°  45'  and  71°  22'  East  longitude,  excepting  the  district 
of  Okhamandal,  which  lies  between  22°  and  22°  28'  North  latitude,  and 
between  68°  58'  and  69°  14'  East  longitude. 

The  area  of  the  State  is  8,182  square  miles,  and  its  population  according 
to  the  latest  census  2,032,798  souls,  out  of  which  1,055,935  are  males  and 
976,863  females.  Compared  with  European  countries,  the  Baroda  State 
is  larger  than  Wales  by  700  square  miles,  and  greater  than  two-thirds  of 
Belgium. 

The  average  annual  gross  revenue  of  the  State  is  Rs.  16,610,456. 


JJTIS  HIGHNESS    THE    MAHARAJAH    SHRI    BHAUSINHJI     II.,     K.C.S.I., 

the  present  ruler  of  the  State  of  Bhaunagar,  was  born  on  the  26th 
April,  1875,  and  succeeded  to  the  Gadi  in  1896  on  the  death  of  his  father, 
the  Maharajah  Shri  Takhtsinhji,  in  the  early  part  of  that  year.  He  is  the 
Chief  of  the  Gohil  clan  of  Rajputs  in  Kathiawar,  and  from  ancient  times 
his  house  has  been  known,  not  only  for  its  military  enterprise  coupled  with 
tact  and  sagacity,  but  also  for  its  commercial  instincts  in  fostering  and 
developing  trade. 

174 


BRITISH    INDIA 


H.H.  THE  MAHARAJAH  OP  BHAUNAGAR. 

1/5 


At  the  time 
of  establishment  of 
British  influence  at 
Surat  about  the 
year  1740,  piracy 
was  rampant  along 
the  whole  littoral 
from  Cambay  to 
the  Indus,  and  the 
rulers  of  Bhaun- 
agar,  by  co-oper- 
ating  with  the 
Company's  forces, 
succeeded  in  exter- 
minating  the  pi- 
ratical hordes 
infesting  the  coasts, 
which  had  almost 
effaced  the  sea- 
borne trade.  Kven 
in  those  remote 
days  a  very  close 
feeling  of  friend- 
ship thus  existed 
between  the  State 
and  the  British 
authorities,  a  friend- 
ship which  has 
grown  as  the  years 
have  gone  by.  Dur- 
ing the  Mutiny  in 
1857  the  then 
ruler,  Jasvatsinhji, 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

grandfather  of  the  present  Maharajah,  was  among  the  first  to  offer 
the  British  Government  all  the  assistance  he  could  command,  and  his 
loyalty  was  rewarded  by  the  bestowal  of  a  Knight  Commandership  of  the 
Star  of  India,  a  distinction  which  he  was  the  first  Prince  in  Kathiawar  to 
receive. 

His  Highness  Jasvatsinhji  died  in  1870,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
son,  Takhtsinhji,  who  was  created  K.C.S.I.  in  1881,  and  G.C.S.I.  in  1886. 
A  man  of  wide  enlightenment  and  culture,  the  State  was  brought,  under 
his  comparatively  short  rule  of  eighteen  years,  into  a  high  condition 
of  efficiency.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  patron  of  education,  and  towards 
the  many  charitable  and  useful  institutions  of  the  country  his  liberality 
was  unbounded. 

The  home  education  of  his  son,  the  present  Prince  Bhausinhji,  was 
begun  early.  At  the  age  of  nine  years  he  joined  the  famous  Rajkumar 
College  at  Rajkot,  where  he  remained  for  a  period  of  four  and  a  half  years, 
and  formed  many  friendships  with  the  Princes — his  school-fellows — which 
he  still  retains.  Later  on  he  was  placed  under  the  tuition  and  guardian- 
ship of  Mr.  S.  M.  Fraser,  C.I.E.,  I.C.S.,  at  Dharwar,  where  he  passed  nearly 
four  years,  until  February,  1893.  During  this  time  he  made  several 
extended  tours  with  his  tutor  throughout  India  and  Ceylon,  from  which 
he  derived  that  wide  knowledge  and  general  information  which  travel 
alone  can  give.  He  was  then  associated  in  his  work  with  the  several  heads  of 
departments  of  the  State  with  a  view  to  obtain  practical  insight  into  the 
affairs  of  administration. 

By  the  unexpected  demise  of  his  father  on  the  agth  January,  1896, 
the  young  Prince  was  suddenly  called  upon  to  administer  the  State,  but  the 
training  and  insight  he  had  received  in  the  different  branches  of  its  govern- 
ment stood  him  in  good  stead,  and  it  was  soon  apparent  that  his  education 
had  fully  qualified  him  to  follow  in  his  father's  footsteps.  His  first  task  was 
to  overhaul  the  finances  of  the  State,  and  to  put  them  on  a  sound  and  workable 
basis.  The  success  of  his  efforts  is  evident  from  the  high  popularity  to  which 
the  State  Bank  which  he  established  has  reached.  During  the  anxious  years  of 
famine  which  followed  close  upon  his  assuming  the  duties  of  government,  the 

176 


BRITISH    INDIA 

young  Maharajah  not  only  remitted  some  fourteen  lakhs  of  rupees  of 
outstanding  dues,  but  also  organised  extensive  relief  measures  for 
the  benefit  of  the  poor.  During  his  rule  Bhaunagar  has  made  marvellous 
progress.  A  hundred  miles  of  State  railway  have  been  added  to  the 
120  which  existed  before,  and  a  project  for  an  equal  length  of  steam 
tramway  is  under  consideration,  while  the  improvements  of  harbour 
works  and  other  facilities  have  enabled  ocean-going  steamers  of  large 
tonnage  to  bring  to  Bhaunagar  direct  shipments  of  cargo  in  bulk  from 
European  and  other  distant  ports.  The  high  estimation  in  which  the 
administration  of  His  Highness  and  the  financial  integrity  of  the  State 
are  held  by  the  public  is  best  testified  by  the  successful  issue  in 
1904  of  State  Bonds  on  the  model  of  Government  Securities, — an  event 
unparalleled  in  the  history  of  any  Native  State  in  India.  Among 
many  of  his  generous  donations  to  the  advancement  of  educational 
and  other  institutions  may  be  mentioned  his  contribution  of  50,000 
rupees  for  the  extension  of  his  alma  matey,  the  Rajkumar  College,  and 
23,000  rupees  towards  the  Memorial  Funds  subscribed  throughout  India  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  late  King-Emperor  Edward  VII.  In  all, 
his  subscriptions  to  various  public  funds  from  1896  to  1911  have  amounted 
to  an  aggregate  of  over  one  and  a  half  lakhs  of  rupees,  apart  from 
donations  privately  bestowed. 

The  Maharajah  married  in  1893  the  Princess  Devkunvarba,  daughter 
of  Maharaval  Shri  Mansinhji,  a  Chauhan  Rajput,  by  whom  he  has  one 
daughter,  who  is  married  to  the  Mahandra  Maharajah  of  Panna  in  Central 
India.  By  the  untimely  death  of  his  consort  in  1903,  His  Highness 
suffered  a  heavy  loss,  and  one  which  evoked  widespread  sympathy 
and  regret  among  his  loyal  subjects.  Two  years  later  His  Highness 
married  Princess  Nandkunvarba,  daughter  of  the  Khirasra  Darbar,  who 
in  1912  gave  birth  to  a  son  and  heir,  an  event  which  caused  great 
rejoicing  among  the  people.  His  Highness  was  created  K.C.S.I.  in  1904, 
and  Her  Highness  Maharanee  Shri  Nandkunvarba  had  the  privilege  to 
receive  the  high  distinction  of  C.I.  at  the  hands  of  His  Imperial  Majesty 
the  King  during  the  Royal  Visit  to  India. 

M  177 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


R  BIJAYCHAND  MAHTAB,  K.C.S.L,  K.C.I.F,,  I.O.M.,  MAHARAJADHIRAJA 
BAHADUR  OF  BURDWAX,  was  born  on  the  igth  October,  1881,  and 
installed  on  the  i oth  February,  1903,  by  Mr.  (now  Sir)  J.  A.  Bourdillon,  the 
then  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Bengal.  He  was  confirmed  in  the  hereditary 
title  at  the  Delhi  Durbar  in  1903,  and  on  the  26th  June,  1908,  he  obtained 
for  the  Raj  the  full  title  of  Maharajadhiraja  Bahadur  of  Burdwan.  He 

is  the  twelfth  in  succession  to 
the  Burdwan  Gadi. 

On  the  ist  January,  1909, 
he  was  created  a  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Most  Eminent 
Order  of  the  Indian  Empire  and 
the  same  Gazette  announced 
his  admission  into  the  Third 
Class,  Civil  Division,  of  the 
Indian  Order  of  Merit,  for  the 
conspicuous  courage  displayed 
by  him  in  the  Overtoun  Hall 
on  the  7th  November,  1908, 
when  he  helped  to  save  the  life 
of  Sir  Andrew  Eraser  (the  then 
Lieutenant-G  o  ve  rnor  of 
Bengal)  by  interposing  his  own 
person  between  Sir  Andrew 
and  the  would-be  assassin's  revolver,  and  thus  shielding  the  Ljeutenant- 
Governor  at  the  risk  of  his  own  life.  On  the  I2th  December,  1911, 
at  the  Imperial  Durbar  at  Delhi,  he  was  created  a  Knight  Commander 
of  the  Most  Exalted  Order  of  the  Star  of  India,  and  was  on  the 
1 4th  idem  formally  invested  with  the  Insignia  of  the  Order  by  the 
King-Emperor. 

The  present  Maharajadhiraja  is  a  great  patron  of  the  "  divine  arts," 
and  is  himself  a  composer  of  no  mean  order.     He  is  also  a  fluent  speaker, 

178 


H.H.   TIIIv    MAHARAJAH    OF    lil'RDWAX. 


BRITISH    INDIA 

a  keen  politician,  and  an  accurate  observer,  and  takes  a  wide  interest  in  the 
many  social  problems  of  the  day.  He  is  a  member  of  both  the  Imperial  and 
the  Bengal  Legislative  Councils,  and  was  elected  to  the  two  Councils  by  an 
overwhelming  majority  of  votes  in  1909  by  the  landholders'  electorates. 
In  1906  he  travelled  over  the  Continent  of  Europe  and  the  British  Isles, 
and  his  general  observations  and  his  opinions  on  Western  politics  and 
on  literary,  scientific,  and  philanthropic  institutions  of  the  West  are 
graphically  described  in  his  "  Impressions,"  a  book  of  his  European  tour. 
He  is  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
a  Member  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Arts,  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute,  etc.,  etc.  He  has  also  been 
the  President  of  the  British  Indian  Association  for  the  years  1911-12 
and  1912-13,  and  was  President  of  the  Imperial  Reception  Committee 
which  organized  the  Royal  Pageants  that  were  displayed  before  their 
Imperial  Majesties  on  the  Calcutta  Maidan  (5th  January,  1912),  when  they 
visited  the  city. 

The  Burdwan  Raj  Estate  is  the  largest  Zemindari  in  Bengal, 
covering  an  area  of  about  4,500  square  miles,  nearly  the  whole  of  which 
is  in  the  highest  state  of  cultivation,  with  a  population  of  no  less  than 
two  million  souls.  The  total  revenues  of  the  State  exceed  that  of  any 
other  in  Bengal,  and  the  contribution  which  it  pays  into  the  Imperial 
Treasury  is  far  and  away  the  largest  paid  by  any  landholder  in  India. 
This  great  Hindu  House  is  noted  for  its  proverbial  charity  and  monu- 
mental works  in  the  public  cause,  as  well  as  for  its  many  large  endowments 
in  aid  of  religion. 

A  son  and  heir  was  born  to  Sir  Bijay  Chand  Mahtab  on  the  I4th 
July,  1905.  He  has  been  named  Uday  Chand  Mahtab,  and  is  the  present 
Maharajadhiraja-Kumar  of  Burdwan. 


CIRDAR   CHARANJIT   SINGH,  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Kapurthala 

Ruling  Family,  is  a  grandson  of  His  late  Highness  Rajah  Nihal  Singh,  and 

was  born  in  February,  1883.     He  is  one  of  the  prominent  and  leading  chiefs 

179 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


of  the  Punjab  and  is  known  for  his  hospitality,  enlightenment  and 
liberality.  He  is  an  excellent  English  and  Persian  scholar,  and 
enjoys  the  friendship  of  a  very  large  number  of  Englishmen.  The 
esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  the  Government  is  evident  by  the 

distinctions  shown  to  him. 
He  had  the  honour  of  being 
invited  to  meet  His  Royal 
Highness  the  Prince  of 
Wales  at  Lahore  in  1905, 
and  was  honoured  with  a 
Royal  invitation  to  attend 
the  Coronation  of  Their 
Imperial  Majesties  the  King- 
Emperor  and  Queen-Empress 
in  June,  1911.  He  had  on  this 
auspicious  occasion  the  further 
honour  of  being  formally  pre- 
sented to  His  Imperial  Majesty 
the  King-Emperor.  He  was 
also  a  guest  of  the  Government 
at  Delhi  on  the  occasion  of 
the  Imperial  Royal  Durbar  in 
December,  1911,  as  well  as  on 
the  occasion  of  the  Coronation 
Durbar,  in  1903. 

He  has  been  an  Honorary 
Magistrate   for   the    last    nine 

years  at  Jullunder,  where  he  is  looked  up  to  as  a  true  leader  of  the  people, 
and  inspires  the  respect  and  affection  of  all.  His  father,  Kanwar  Sochet 
Singh,  was  "  a  man  of  tried  loyalty,"  of  whom  it  was  written  by  an 
eminent  official  that  "  it  would  be  well  if  the  Government  could  boast 
that  all  their  chiefs  had  been  men  of  the  same  stamp,"  and  about 
whom  Sir  Donald  McLeod  wrote  that  "  had  he  been  an  Englishman, 

180 


SIRDAR    CHAR  AX  JIT    SINGH. 


BRITISH    INDIA 

greater  earnestness  and  cordiality  could  hardly  have  been  evinced  by 
him,  than  was  shown  by  Kanwar  Sochet  Singh,  and  that  the  part 
taken  by  him  may  ever  be  remembered  by  the  British  Government 
and  its  Officers  with  grateful  regard,  that  he  and  his  descendants  may 
ever  continue  deserving  of  its  favour,  and  that  every  member  of  his 
family  may  find  hearty  friends  in  all  Englishmen  with  whom  he  may 
come  into  contact." 

The  State  of  Kapurthala  has  an  area  of  630  square  miles  and  a  population 
of  over  300,000. 


HTHE  present  MAHARAJAH 
OF  CHARKHARI,  H.H. 
MAHARAJADH I  RAJA 
SIPAHDAR-UL-MULK,  SIR 
JUJHAR  SINH  JU  DKO 
BAHADUR,  K.C.I.K.,  is 
a  descendant  of  Maha- 
rajah Chatarsal  and  the 
sixth  ruler  of  this  State, 
which  comprises  an  area  of 
880  square  miles  and 
contains  a  population  of 
132,530  souls. 

The  State  of  Charkhari, 
which  is  situated  in  Bundel- 
kund,  has  always  been 
renowned  for  its  loyalty  to 
the  British  Raj.  The  dis- 
tinguished services  of  his 
predecessor  during  the  period 
of  the  Indian  Mutiny  are  recorded  in  various  despatches  at  the  time. 
This  chief  not  only  adhered  firmly  to  his  alliance  with  the  British 

181 


H.H.  MAHARAJADHIRAJA  SIPAHDAR-UI.-MULK, 
SIR  JUJHAR  SINH  JU   DKO   BAHADUR,  K.C.I. U., 
OF  CHARKHARI  STATE,  C.I. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Government,  but,  when  the  rebels  beleaguering  the  fort  demanded 
from  him  the  surrender  of  the  British  officers  whom  he  had  protected, 
returned  for  answer,  "  he  would  deliver  up  his  own  son,  but  would,  with 
his  life,  defend  his  British  guests."  For  this  act  of  signal  devotion 
in  protecting  the  lives  of  Her  Majesty's  subjects  at  the  imminent  and 
unconcealed  peril  of  his  own,  he  was  publicly  thanked  by  the  Viceroy, 
L/ord  Canning,  who  enjoined  all  British  officers  who  might  hereafter  enter 
the  territory  of  the  Maharajah  to  remember  these  services,  and  to 
render  to  His  Highness  the  respect  and  consideration  which  he  so 
eminently  deserved. 

His  Highness  had  the  honour  of  meeting  Their  Imperial  Majesties 
during  the  late  Imperial  Durbar  at  Delhi,  where  on  that  auspicious 
occasion  he  was  decorated  with  the  insignia  of  K.C.I.E.  In  commemora- 
tion of  the  event,  on  his  return  from  Delhi  he  remitted  three  lakhs  of 
rupees  for  the  relief  of  his  subjects. 

The  State  enjoys  a  revenue  of  six  lakhs  of  rupees,  and  is  entitled  to  a 
hereditary  salute  of  eleven  guns. 


rpHE    NAWABZADAH    KHWAJAH    MAHOMED    AFZAL    OF   DACCA  is  the 

eldest  son  of  the  Honourable  The  Nawab  Khwajah  Mahomed 
Yousouf,  K.B.,  and  is  the  descendant  of  an  ancient  house  which  traces  its 
lineage  backwards  through  many  centuries.  The  founder  of  the  present 
Nawab  family  of  Dacca  was  Khwajah  Khairullah  of  Kashmir,  whose  paternal 
forefathers  were  the  direct  descendants  of  Shah  Syed  Abdul  Qadir  Gilani  of 
Bagdad,  and  his  grandmother  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Shah  Syed  Obeidullah 
Ahrar  Tusi.  During  the  religious  disturbances  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  due  to  the  disunion  among  the  two  sects  of  the  Mahomedan  com- 
munity, Khwajah  Khairullah,  who  owned  valuable  estates  in  Kashmir, 
migrated  from  there  with  his  son  Khwajah  Mahomed  Afzal,  and  a  daughter, 
and  after  taking  refuge  for  a  time  in  Delhi,  finally  settled  in  Patna.  There 
he  acquired  considerable  estates  and  became  one  of  the  leading  men  of  affluence 
in  the  district.  In  the  year  1850,  the  only  grandson  of  Khwajah  Mahomed 

182 


BRITISH    INDIA 


Afzal,  Khwajah  Mahomed  Mahdi,  married  a  half-sister  of  the  late  Nawab 
Sir  Abdul  Ghani  of  Dacca,  by  whom  he  had  a  sou,  now  the  Honourable  the 
Nawab  Khwajah  Mahomed  Yousouf,  father  of  the  present  Nawabzadah. 

The  Nawabzadah 
was  born  on  the  3rd 
December,  1875,  and 
was  educated  in 
Dacca,  Madrasah,  and 
at  the  University  of 
Calcutta,  matriculat- 
ing in  1894.  He 
continued  his  studies 
at  the  Dacca  College 
for  three  years,  but 
his  delicate  constitu- 
tion stood  in  the  way 
of  his  further  progress. 
He  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the 
present  Dowager 
Begum  and  now 
superintends  the 
management  of  his 
father's  estate,  and 
has  likewise  served  as 
an  Honorary  Magis- 
trate for  the  past 
nine  years.  On  the 
occasion  of  the 

Imperial  Durbar  at  Delhi  he  was  granted  the  Durbar  Medal  and  Certificate 
of  Honour  for  his  good  services,  with  the  use  of  the  courtesy  title  of 
Nawabzadah,  this  being  the  first  occasion  on  which  this  title  has  been  granted 
by  His  Imperial  Majesty's  Government  for  the  Province  of  Eastern  Bengal 


H.H.    MAHOMED  AFZAL,  NAWABZADAH  OF  DACCA. 


183 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

and  Assam.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  (England)  and,  like 
his  father,  is  very  fond  of  sport  and  is  a  first  class  game  and  rifle  shot.  But 
his  favourite  pursuit  is  the  study  of  Persian,  of  which  he  is  an  ardent  lover. 
He  studied  this  melodious  language  specially  under  the  tutorship  of  the  late 
Mirza  Mahomed  "Makhmur"  Shirazi,  nephew  of  "Wisal,"  the  famous  poet- 
laureate  of  Persia.  His  genius  for  writing  Persian  verses  has  earned  for  him 
the  title  of  "  Shamsush-Shu'ara "  in  the  Province,  and  has  not  only  gained 
for  him  the  admiration  of  his  educated  countrymen,  but  placed  him  at  the 
head  of  the  few  who  are  credited  with  having  given  attention  to  this  difficult 
subject.  He  has  had  the  honour  of  receiving  the  gracious  thanks  of  His 
Imperial  Majesty  for  an  ingenious  Chronogrammatic  Ode  written  in  honour 
of  the  Durbar,  of  which  some  verses  are  appended,  together  with  a  free 
translation  in  English  by  the  author  himself. 

ORIGINAL. 

1.  Subhdam  poshid  gardun  Taj-i  zar  ba  aab-o  tab, 
Az  shu'a-i  nur-afshan  gashta  Geti  faizyab. 

2.  Bar  sar-i  gulha-i  rangin  qatraha-i  zalaha, 
Ya  ki  iklil-i  durar  chun  afsar-i  Afrasyab. 

3.  Naghmaha-i  murgh-i-zar  az  marghzar  aayed  hami, 

Ya  ki  murghan  basta  ander  chang-i  khud  chang-o  rabab. 

4.  'Arsa-i  ghabra  farozan  yaksarah  az  tab-i  sbid, 
Chun  'izar-i  mahvashan  az  saghar-i  sahba-i  nab. 

5.  Turfa  rang-i  basta  khak-i  Hind  kaz  rashk-ash  sipahr, 
Mi-zanad  sad  n'ara-i  "  yaa  laitani  kunto  turab." 

6.  Har  taraf  atwab-i  azdar-dam  dama-dam  sar  shuda, 
Andar-in  m'ani  ki  an  Shahinshahi  malik-riqab  : 

7.  Mafkhar-i  Europe  sarir-aara-i   Mulk-i   Asia, 
Shah-i  bahr-o  bar  sipahr-i  'azmat-o  Kaiwan-janab. 

8.  Nayyar-i  burj-i  najabat,  gauhar-i  durj-i  sharaf, 
Nazish-i  Geti  khidiv-i  kamgar-o  kamyab. 

Q.     Gorg  Kbamis,  Shah-i  Bartan  Qaisar-i  Hindoostan 
Jilwa-aara  gasht  bar  takbt-i  Shahi  chun  Aftab. 

184 


BRITISH    INDIA 

ro.     Zinat-i  farq-i  mubarak  afsar-i  farmandihi, 

Zib-i  dast-i  zar  fishan  shamshir  dar  zarrin  qirab. 

n.     Jam'a  bahr-i  jhan-nisari  sarwaran-i  bi-shumar, 
Jam'a  bahr-i  sarfarushi  lashkaran-i  bi-hisab. 

12.  An  Shahinshahi  zavil-qadr-i  ki  az  farr-o  shikuh, 
Bandagan-i  dargah-ash  ra  mi-buad  Dara  khitab. 

13.  Lutf-i  wo  bahrist  kaz  wai  yak  jalian  sirab  gasht, 
Dast-i,  wo  abr-ist  kan  lulu  be-barad  ja-i  aab. 

14.  Nam-i  wo  dar  nama-i  Shahi,  Shah  an  ra  iftikhar 
Zat-i  wo  dar  daftar-i  afzaal  fard-i  intikhab. 

15.  Dar  dil-ash  pinhan  karam  chun  bu-i  gul  dar  barg-i  gul 
Az  rukh-ash  paida  shahamat  ham-chunan  kaz  Mihr  tab 

16.  Shahna-i  farman-i  'acll-ash  bahr-i  aaram-i  tazarv 
Misl-i  pa-i  murgh-i-aabi  dokht  changal-i  'uqab. 

17.  Shar  ze  r'ub-ash  shud  'adim-o  zulm  az  dad-ash   'aqim 
Amn  dar  'asr-ash  muqim-o  fitna  dar  'ahd-ash  ba-khwab. 

18.  Bad  yak-ran-i  Zamanah  ya  Khuda  zir-i  do-ran 
Bad  har  aan  hishmat-o  ijlal  wo  ra  ham-rikab. 

19.  Dushmanaii-ash  ra  hazimat  bad  bigah-o  pagah 
Nusrat-o  fath-o  zafar  bad-ash  hamisha  iqtirab. 

20.  Daulat-i  farhat  buad  Shahinsha-Banu  ra  nasib 
Gah  na-binad  surat-i  kulfat  "  Ila  Yaum-il  hisab." 

21.  Zil-i  ishan  dayaman  bada  ba-Royal  Family 
Sayah-afgan  ta  ba-Geti  Aaftab-o  Mahtab. 

22.  Durr-i  sal-i  Taj-Poshi  az  tag-i  darya-i  fikr, 
Afzal-i  ahqar  bar-aaward-ast  chun  la'l-i  khush-ab. 

23.  M'anawi  Banglah-o  Hijri  sal  kar  Suri  haminst  : — 
"  Yak-hazar-o  seh-sad-o  ham  bist-o-nnh  andar  hisab. 

1329  A.H.  =  1318  B.S. 

NOTE. — As  His  Imperial  Majesty  is  the  fifth  George,  this  Chronogram  brings  out  the  year 
of  His  Blessed  Coronation  in  no  less  than  live  different  Eras,  viz.,  Samvat, 
Christian,  Fuslee,  Hijra  and  Bengali. 

(i)     By  adding  the  first  letters  of  all  the  first  hemistichs  the  Samvat  Era  1968  is 
obtained. 

(ii)     The  sum  of  the  last  letters  of  all  the  first  hemistichs  gives  the  year  1911  A.D. 

(iii)     The  sum  of  the  first  letters  of  all  the  second  hemistichs,  figures  out  as  1319,  the 

Fusli  year. 

(iv)     From  the  last  hemistich  of  this  ode  the  year  1329  A.H.  is  apparent, 
(v)     And    by   the   computation   of   the   letter-values   of  this  line  we  get  the  figures 

1318  B.S.  corresponding  to  the  Hijra  Era  1329  A.H. 

185 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

TRANSLATION. 

1.  At  dawn  the  sky  put  on  the  glittering  golden  orb 
Whose  refulgent  beams  kindled  the  whole  Universe. 

2.  Are  these  dew-drops  that  we  see  trembling  on  the  petals  of  the  flowers  of  varied  hue, 
Or  is  it  the  crownlet  of  pearls  rivalling  the  Tiara  of  Afrasyab  ? 

3.  Is  this  the  musical  warble  of  the  song-birds,  wafted  from  the  groves, 
Or  perchance  the  birds  are  engaged  in  playing  upon  the  organs  ? 

4.  Behold  this  tract  of  Earth,  it  is  glistening  beneath  the  radiance  of  the  Sun, 
Like  to  the  vermeil-tinctured  cheeks  of  a  damsel  after  quaffing  a  goblet  of  wine. 

5.  India's  coral  strand  is  robed  in  wond'rous  beauty  and  the  envious  sky 

Is  repeating  ever  and  again  the  verse   "  Oh  !  had  I  been  turned  to  Earth." 

6.  Dragon -like  cannon  are  pouring  forth  volleys  after  volleys, 

Proclaiming  in  voice  of  Thunder.  India's  homage  to  the  Mighty  EMPEROR-KING. 

7.  The  glory  of  Europe  and  the  glittering  Crown  of  Asia's  Throne, 

King  over  lands  and  seas,  in  greatness  like  the  sky  and  whose  vestibule  is  high  as  the 
orbit  of  Saturn. 

8.  The  brightest  luminary  of  the  Zodiac  of  nobleness  and  the  peerless  gem  of  the  casket 

of  eminence, 
The  pride  of  the  Universe — a  mighty  monarch  enthroned  in  the  hearts  of  His  people— 

9.  George  the  Fifth,  King  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Kaiser  of  India 
Has  adorned  the  Royal  Throne  like  the  Sun. 

10.  His  auspicious  head  bedecked  with  the  Regal  Crown, 

The  gold-scattering  hand  bearing  the  scimitar  in  the  embroidered  sheath. 

11.  There,  for  His  sake  the  brave  Commanders  stand  ready  to  sacrifice  their  lives, 
There,  too,  the  innumerable  invincible  army  ready  in  His  defence  to  die. 

12.  Such  a  mighty  monarch  is  He.  in  pomp  and  grandeur, 

That  a  Courtier  of  His  ranks  himself  as  a  Lord  of  high  degree. 

13.  His  ocean-like  benignity  contenting  all, 
His  cloud-like  hands  showering  pearls. 

14.  His  name  in  the  History  of  Kings,  is  an  object  of  pride  to  the  Sovereigns, 
His  August-self  in  the  Book  of  Virtue  is  incomparable  even  amongst  tne  elect. 

15.  As  the  aroma  of  flowers  is  inherent  in  petals,  so  is  magnanimity  innate  in  His  mind, 
As  lustre  is  in  the  Sun  so  is  splendour  refulgent  in  His  face. 

16.  The  swift-winged  messengers  of  His  Justice  fly  even  to  aid  a  sparrow  : 
Like  web-footed  Sea-fowls  they  have  closed  up  the  claws  of  the  Eagle. 

186 


BRITISH     INDIA 

17.  Oppression  in  terror  has  vanished  and  tyranny  is  barren. 

In  His  time,  safety  is  quartered  everywhere,  during  His  reign  lawlessness  is  asleep. 

18.  O  God,  may  He  ever  bestride  the  steed  of  Fortune, 

And  may  greatness  and  magnificence  be  always  at  His  stirrup. 

19.  May  His  enemies  be  always  overthrown  and  vanquished, 
And  conquest  and  victory  ever  attend  His  footsteps. 

20.  The  treasure  of  happiness  crown  the  Gracious  Queen-Empress, 
Her  most  Serene  Majesty,  may  She  never  see  the  face  of  sorrow. 

21.  The  umbrageous  shade  of  Their  Imperial  Majesties  be  ever  on  the  Royal  Family, 
As  long  as  the  Sun  and  Moon  throw  lustre  upon  the  Earth. 

22.  Their  Imperial  Majesties'  most  obedient  sen-ant.  At'zal,  has  brought  up 

The  matchless  pearl  of  the  year  of  the  Happy  Coronation  from  the  depths  of    the 

ocean  of  meditation : 

23.  From  the  last  ingenious  hemistich,  both  the  Hijra  and  Bengali  Eras  are  alike  evident 

in  Suri  M'anawi  san'at: 
One  thousand  and  three-hundred,  also  twentv  and  nine  come  out 

1329  A.H.  ==  1318  B.S. 


T    IEUT.-COLONEL   E.  C.  DAVIES, 

I.S.O.,  V.D.,  of  the  Ceylon 
Light  Infantry  Volunteers,  was  born 
on  the  nth  July,  1849,  and  took 
an  early  interest  in  volunteering. 
At  the  inception  of  the  movement 
in  Ceylon  he  materially  assisted 
in  the  enrolment  of  the  I^ight 
Infantry,  a  corps  in  which  he  has 
since  its  formation  taken  an  active 
interest.  Gazetted  lieutenant  in 
1881,  Captain  in  1892,  and  Major 
in  1900,  he  is  now  its  L,ieut.- 
Colonel  and  Officer  Commanding 
since  1907. 

In    1901    Colonel    Davies   was 
awarded  the  V.D.,   and  in  1910  a 


I  he  I.mutnii  Strr?nscn/iic  Co. 

IJIvUT.-COI,.   1C.  0.    DAY  IKS. 


I87 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Companionship  of  the  Imperial  Service  Order  was  conferred  on  him  for  his 
many  services.  He  was  present,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Davies,  at  the 
Coronation  of  their  Majesties. 


AX/riLLIAM    DUNUWILE,  ESQ.,  of  the  Ceylon  Civil  Service,  is  one  of  the 
best  known  of   the  Kandyan  Chiefs.     He  has  acted    as  Magistrate 

in  several  districts  in 
the  island,  has  held 
the  appointment  of 
District  Judge  of 
Kurunegala,  and  is 
now  Police  Magistrate 
and  Commissioner  of 
Requests  at  Matale. 

Mr.  Dunuwile  can 
point  to  a  career  of 
personal  distinction 
creditable  alike  to  his 
abilities  and  to  his 
work.  For  a  long  space 
of  years  he  was  private 
secretary  to  such  men 
as  Sir  Archibald 
Lawrie,  Sir  John  Phear, 
Mr.  Justice  Clarence, 
Sir  Jacobus  de  Wet, 
Sir  Samuel  Grenier 
and  Sir  Richard  Caley, 


Maiill  6-  Fox. 


WILLIAM  DUNUWILE,  ESQ. 


and  was  admitted  into 
an    unusual    share    of 

their  confidence  and  esteem.  He  was  invested  with  the  rank  of  Dissawa  by 
Sir  Henry  Blake,  whom  he  has  often  entertained  at  his  historic  mansion  at 

188 


BRITISH    INDIA 

Katugastota,  with  Lady  Blake  and  H.R.H.  Princess  L,ouise.  Mr.  Dunuwile 
indeed  has  been  especially  fortunate  in  the  many  opportunities  which  have 
fallen  to  his  lot  to  win  the  confidence  and  regard  of  distinguished  visitors 
to  the  island.  His  well-known  residence  has  been  the  venue  of  many  a 
Royal  visit,  and  almost  every  British  and  foreign  Royal  group  that  has 
visited  the  island  has  done  honour  to  his  hospitality. 

When  the  present  King  and  Queen  visited  Ceylon,  their  reception  by 
the  Kandyan  Chiefs  was  under  the  Dissawa's  supervision,  and  at  the  Coronation, 
which  he  was  specially  selected  to  attend  as  the  representative  of  the  Kandyan 
people,  Mr.  Dunuwile  was  a  welcome  guest  at  some  of  the  most  exclusive 
functions  held  in  honour  of  the  occasion. 


PAZULBHOY    MKHKRALLY 

CHIXOY,  ESQ.,  belongs 
to  a  community  which  has 
played  an  important  part  in 
the  commercial  and  industrial 
development  of  Western  India. 
He  was  born  in  Bombay  on 
the  igth  May,  1870,  the  scion 
of  a  family  noted  for  its 
benefactions,  his  father  being 
one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
trade  with  China.  He  is  a 
most  popular  member  of  Indian 
Society,  and  is  much  respected 
also  by  the  European  Com- 
munity in  Bombay. 

Mr.  Fazulbhoy  is  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  a  prominent  member 

of  the  Bombay  Municipal  Corporation,  on  which  he  has  been  nominated  by 
Government  as  one  of  the  representatives,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Standing 


FAZUI.BHOY   M.   CHINOY,  ESQ. 


189 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Committee.  He  is  connected  with  many  philanthropic  movements  in  the 
city.  As  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  the  All-India  King  Edward  Memorial 
Fund  and  the  lyord  Minto  Memorial  Fund,  he  rendered  very  useful  service. 
He  also  gave  great  assistance  to  the  authorities  during  the  first  outbreak 
of  plague  in  Bombay  in  1896,  and  his  services  were  gratefully  acknow- 
ledged by  General  Gatacre  and  Sir  James  Du  Boulay.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Committee  of  the  Moslem  University,  in  promoting 

which    he    has    taken    an 
active  part. 

Mr.  Fazulbhoy  Chinoy  was 
present  at  the  Coronation  of 
Their  Imperial  Majesties  as 
a  specially  invited  guest  in 
Westminster  Abbey.  He  is 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
Bombay  and  resides  at 
Park  House,  Colaba. 


1LJIS     HIGHNESS    SHRI 
BHAGAVATSINHJI, 

the  Thakor  Saheb  of 
GONDAL,  a  first-class  native 
State  situated  in  the  centre 
of  the  historic  province  of 
Saurashtra,  is  a  Jaheja 
Rajput  by  descent,  and  as 
such  belongs  to  the  ancient 
dynasty  which  traces  its 
origin  to  the  renowned 
Shri  Krishna.  Born  on  the 
24th  October,  1865,  when 
only  four  years  old  he 


Elliott    £•  Fry. 

H.H.    THE    THAKOR  SAHEB    OP    GONDAI,. 


190 


BRITISH    INDIA 


succeeded  his  father,  Sagramji  II.,  a  man  of  pious  and  simple  habits  who 
was  held  in  great  affection  by  his  people.  The  State  was  administered 
during  his  minority  by  the  Indian  Government,  while  the  young  chief 
was  placed  under  the  care  of 
experienced  teachers.  At  the 
age  of  nine  he  was  entered 
at  the  Rajkumar  College, 
and  during  the  whole  of  his 
college  career,  extending  over 
nine  years,  he  gave  promise 
of  a  very  hopeful  future,  and 
evinced  considerable  inclina- 
tion and  aptitude  for  study. 
In  order  to  complete  his 
education  and  to  acquaint 
himself  with  Western  thought 
and*  institutions,  he  under. 
took  his  first  journey  to 
Europe  in  1883,  and  spent  a 
considerable  time  in  England 
and  Scotland,  and  in  the 
principal  capitals  of  Europe. 
On  his  return  to  India  he 
published  the  impressions  of 
his  travels  in  a  volume 
entitled,  "  The  Journal  of  a 
Visit  to  England  in  1883,"  a 
work  which  was  very  favour- 
ably noticed  by  the  Indian,  H.H.  THK  RAXIVIC  SAHHH. 
English,  and  Continental  press.  He  was  nominated  a  Fellow  of  the 
University  of  Bombay. 

In  the  following  year,  on  the  25th  August,  1884,  he  assumed  sole  charge 
of  the  State,  and  in  1886  he  again  proceeded  to  Scotland  and  attended  at  the 


191 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Edinburgh  University  for  fifteen  months,  where  he  so  distinguished  himself 
as  a  willing  and  diligent  student  of  science  that  the  old  Scottish  University 
thought  fit  to  confer  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  I^I^.D.  He  was  present 
at  the  time  of  the  Jubilee  festivities,  when  he  was  fortunate  enough  to  receive 
at  the  hands  of  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  the  insignia  of  Knight  Com- 
mander of  the  Most  Eminent  Order  of  the  Indian  Empire. 

His  Highness  is  known  as  much  for  his  efficient  administration,  in 
which  he  takes  a  keen  and  intelligent  interest,  as  for  his  loyalty  to  the  British 
Raj.  During  the  twenty-seven  years  of  his  rule,  Gondal  has  attained  the 
condition  of  one  of  the  best  managed  and  model  States  of  India.  In  1887 
the  Indian  Government  was  pleased  to  raise  Gondal,  "  on  account  of  its 
importance  and  advanced  administration,"  to  the  rank  of  a  first-class  State, 
and  to  grant  it  a  salute  of  eleven  guns. 

In  the  arduous  work  of  social  reform  in  India,  His  Highness  has  received 
whole-hearted  and  practical  co-operation  from  his  consort,  the  Ranee  Saheb, 
Shree  Nand  Kunverba,  whose  portrait  we  also  reproduce.  This  Rajput  lady 
was  the  first  Ranee  of  an  Indian  ruling  chief  who  ventured  to  set  aside  the 
prejudices  of  her  caste  and  cross  the  "  Kala-pani,"  when  in  1890  she  accom- 
panied her  husband  in  a  lengthened  tour  round  the  world,  subsequently 
narrating  her  travels  in  a  volume  entitled,  "  Go-Mandal  Parikramana,"  or 
"  A  Tour  round  the  World."  During  this  trip,  which  was  chiefly  undertaken 
for  the  benefit  of  Her  Highness'  health,  and  while  she  remained  for  two  years 
under  medical  treatment  in  England,  the  Thakor  Saheb,  who  is  studious  by 
nature,  again  joined  the  Edinburgh  University,  going  through  the  whole  of 
the  medical  curriculum,  and  took  his  M.D.  degree  in  the  ordinary  course. 
He  also  passed  the  examination  for  the  membership  of  the  Royal  College  of 
Physicians  of  Edinburgh,  and  the  Fellowship  of  the  same,  while  in 
June,  1892,  the  University  of  Oxford  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.C.I, 

He  is  also  an  F.R.S.E.,  and  M.R.A.S.,  and  the  author  of  a  medical 
work  called  "A  Short  History  of  the  Aryan  Medical  Science." 

His  Highness  has  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  have 
received  their  education  in  England  and  Scotland. 

192 


BRITISH    INDIA 


L 


IEUTENANT-COLONEL 

EDWIX  JAMES  HAYWARI). 

commanding  the  Ceylon  Artil- 
lery Volunteers,  was  appointed 
by  His  Excellency  Sir  Henry 
McCallum,  G.C.M.G.,  Governor 
of  Ceylon,  as  one  of  the  military 
representatives  of  the  Colony  at 
the  Coronation  of  King  George 
and  Queen  Mary.  The  Ceylon 
Artillery  Volunteers,  of  which 
His  Excellency  Sir  Henry 
McCallum  is  Honorary  Colonel, 
were  formed  in  1888,  and  since 
that  date  have  held  an  impor- 
tant place  in  the  defences  of 
Ceylon.  Colonel  Hay  ward  joined 
the  corps  in  1889  as  a  gunner, 

and  has  worked  his  way  up  through  all    ranks  to   his  present   command. 
He  holds  the  Colonial  Forces  Long-Service  Medal. 

JIT  IS    HIGHNESS   FARZAND-I-DILBAND,   RASIKH-UL-ITIKAD,  DAULAT-I- 
INGLISHIA,    RAJAH-I-RAJGAN,     SIR     RANBIR      SINGH     BAHADUR, 
K.C.S.I.,   MAHARAJAH   OF    JIND. 

Jind  State  is  one  of  the  three  Phulkian  States,  and  the  area  over 
which  the  sovereignty  of  the  Maharajah  extends  covers  1,268  square  miles, 
with  a  population  of  271,728  souls.  The  chief  dialects  spoken  are  Bangru, 
Bagri,  Ahir  Bati,  Punjabi,  and  Hindustani.  His  Highness  MAHARAJAH  SIR 
RANBIR  SINGH  was  born  in  1879,  and  belongs  to  a  well-known  Phulkian  family 
named  after  Phul,  whose  great  grandson,  Rajah  Gaj pat-Singh,  was  the  founder 
of  the  Jind  dynasty.  Maharajah  Sir  Ranbir  Singh  succeeded  his  grandfather 
Rajah  Raghbir  Singh  in  1887,  his  father,  Tika  Sahib  Balbir  Singh,  having  died 


WKUT.-COLOXKL   E.    J.    HAYWARD. 


IQ3 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


during  the  latter's  lifetime.  A  Council  of  Regency  was  appointed  to  carry  on 
the  administration  until  he  attained  his  majority.  In  November,  1899,  he 
was  invested  with  full  powers  at  a  Durbar  held  at  Sangrur.  The  title  of  Rajah, 
with  the  right  of  coining  money,  was  granted  to  the  family  in  a  Royal  Firman 
under  the  seal  of  the  Emperor  Shah  Alain,  in  1772,  and  from  that  time  the 

Rulers  of  Jind  have  been  independ- 
ent Princes.  The  hereditary  title 
of  "Maharajah"  was  granted  by 
His  Imperial  Majesty  the  King 
Emperor  George  V.  at  the  Corona- 
tion Delhi  Durbar  in  1911. 

His  Highness  is  worthily 
endeavouring  to  walk  in  the  foot- 
steps of  his  grandfather,  who  may 
be  called  the  maker  of  Jind  as  it  is 
to-day.  Maharajah  Ranbir  Singh 
was  called  upon  immediately  on 
the  assumption  of  full  powers  to 
face  the  great  famine  of  1899. 
His  Highness  displayed  energy  and 
liberality  in  dealing  with  the 
situation.  Relief  works  were  open- 
ed and  a  large  number  of  persons 
at  Sangrur  were  set  to  work  on  the 
construction  of  the  L,udhiana-Dhuri- 
Jakhal  Railway.  The  Maharajah 
has  under  him  a  State  Council, 
designated  Council  Wizarat,  of  four 
ministers,  namely  :— 

Sardar  Bahadur  Sardar  Sham- 
sher  Singh,  C.I.E.,  Chief  Minister; 
Munshi  Brij  Narain ;    Sardar  Prem 
HIS  HIGHNESS  THE  MAHARAJAH  OF  JIND.        Singh ;  Syed  Najaf  Ali,  Ministers. 


194 


BRITISH    INDIA 

His  Highness  has  shown  special  interest  in  public  works.  Since  his 
accession  to  power  several  important  buildings  have  been  constructed,  such  as 
the  Raj  High  School  and  the  Lady  Minto  Ranbir  Girls'  School  in  Sangrur, 
the  Ranbir  Skating  Rink  in  the  Mehtab  Bagh,  the  Grain  Markets  at  Sangrur 
and  Julana,  the  Record  Office,  the  Victoria  Golden  Jubilee  Hospital,  and  the 
Female  and  Veterinary  Hospitals,  and  several  roads.  The  Imperial  Service 
Infantry  Barracks  and  the  Dak  Bungalow  near  the  Railway  Station  also  owe 
their  existence  to  His  Highness.  The  Educational  and  Medical  Departments 
have  also  felt  the  benefit  of  His  Highness'  progressive  tendencies,  the  Sangrur 
High  School  being  reported  by  Mr.  Wright,  the  Inspector  of  Schools,  Delhi 
Division,  to  be  one  of  the  best  schools  in  Indian  States.  The  present  Ruler 
pays  special  attention  to  his  Imperial  Service  Infantry.  In  1897  the  Jind 
Durbar  placed  the  Imperial  Service  Troops  at  the  disposal  of  the  Government 
in  the  Tirah  campaign  on  the  North-West  Frontier.  On  several  occasions  the 
Jind  troops  did  excellent  service  and  earned  the  commendations  of  the 
General  in  Command.  The  mobilization  kit  of  these  troops  is  so  perfect 
and  complete  that  they  could  take  the  field  at  five  minutes'  notice.  Various 
concessions  have  been  given  to  the  men  by  the  present  Ruler,  and  he  has 
built  for  them  at  a  cost  of  two  lakhs  magnificent  and  comfortable  lines.  He 
keeps,  also,  a  registered  subdivision  of  243  camels  for  the  assistance  of  the 
Imperial  Government  in  time  of  war  ;  and  like  his  illustrious  forefathers  he 
would  no  doubt  take  the  field  himself  if  the  needs  of  the  Empire  required  it. 
The  Jind  State  contracted  friendly  relations  with  the  British  Throne  in  1803, 
and  since  that  time  the  ties  of  friendship  have  each  year  become  closer  and 
closer,  the  Rulers  of  Jind  having  ever  come  cheerfully  forward  with  their 
army  and  resources  to  help  the  Sovereigns  of  Great  Britain.  His  Highness 
is  very  keen  in  all  that  is  for  the  advancement  of  the  State.  In  his  reign 
the  lyudhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal  Railway  has  been  constructed,  and  another  line, 
the  Jind-Panipat  Railway,  will  soon  be  taken  in  hand.  The  police  service 
has  been  re-organised  by  him,  and  he  has  made  arrangements  for  all  police 
officers  to  be  trained  in  the  Police  Training  School  at  Phillor.  He  has  con- 
structed grain  marts  and  has  sunk  eighty-four  irrigation  wells,  and  he  has 
relieved  the  Zemindars  from  the  encumbrances  of  debts  to  money-lenders, 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

who  took  interest  at  a  very  high  rate,  by  starting  Co-operative  Credit  Societies 
throughout  the  State.     British  laws  for  the  administration  of  criminal  justice 
have  been  introduced  by  him,  and  reforms  in  almost  every  department  of  the 
State  have  been  brought  about  since  he  assumed  the  reins  of  government. 
One  of  his  first  acts  was  to  raise  the  scale  of  pay  for  State  servants,  and  he  has 
provided  a  fund  for  the  maintenance  of  their  widows  and  orphans — a  great 
boon  for  those  concerned.     Into  education  His  Highness  has  infused  new 
spirit.     Almost  all  the  teachers  in  the  State  schools  are  now  trained  and 
certificated.     An  excellent  school  for  girls  has  been  erected  by  him  in  the 
capital.     In  order  to  diffuse  education  more  widely,  he  made  primary  educa- 
tion free  throughout  the  State,  and  granted  a  scholarship,  designated  "  Dane 
Ranbir  Foreign  Scholarship,"  for   higher  education  in  Europe  or  America 
in  honour  of  the  hereditary  title  of  "  Maharajah  "  being     conferred  upon 
him.     There  are  thirty  schools  in  the  State,  as  detailed  below  : 

FOR    BOYS. 

High  School  (Anglo-Vernacular)         .  .          , .          . .        i 
Middle   Schools    (Anglo -Vernacular)  .  .          .  .          .  .       3 

Upper  Primary  Schools  (Vernacular)  .  .  23 

Punjabi  School  . .          . .          . .          . .          . .          . .       i 

FOR  GiRivS. 
Middle  School  (Anglo-Vernacular)      .  .          .  .          . .        i 

Upper  Primary  School  (Vernacular)  .  .          . .        i 

A  great  deal  has  been  done  by  him  for  the  relief  of  suffering,  and 
his  up-to-date  hospitals  include  a  Veterinary  Hospital  for  Animals,  in 
which  place  ancient  pensioners  testify  to  his  kindly  spirit. 

The  loyalty  of  His  Highness  to  the  British  Throne  is  in  keeping  with  the 
deeds  of  his  ancestors,  and  he  has  shown  his  devotion  to  the  British  Royal 
family  in  many  practical  ways.  On  the  sad  demise  of  Her  Most  Gracious 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  he  subscribed  Rs.  50,000  towards  the  memorial  of  the 
Queen  Empress.  In  honour  of  the  Coronation  Durbar  of  1903  he  remitted 
Rs.  225,000,  due  from  his  subjects,  and  contributed  a  lakh  of  rupees  towards 
the  King  Edward  Provincial  Memorial,  which  money  is  now  being  utilised 
for  extending  the  Medical  College  at  Lahore,  and  Rs.  5,000  towards  the 

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BRITISH    INDIA 

All-India  Memorial.  On  the  safe  return  to  England  of  Their  Imperial 
Highnesses,  the  present  King-Emperor  and  Queen-Empress,  after  their  visit 
to  India,  as  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  in  1906,  he  offered  a  donation  of 
Rs.  25,000  as  Sarwarna,  which  was  accepted  and  equally  divided  between 
the  Victoria  May  Girls'  High  School  at  Lahore  and  the  Minto  Nursing  Asso- 
ciation. In  commemoration  of  the  historic  Coronation  Durbar  of  1911,  His 
Highness  the  Maharajah  granted  an  increase  in  the  pay  of  officers  and  men 
of  the  Jind  Imperial  Service  Infantry,  and  made  the  appointments  of  Trans- 
port Employees  and  other  followers  pensionable.  He  also  ordered  a  wing,  to 
be  called  "  The  Emperor  George  Coronation  Wing,"  to  be  added  to  the 
Victoria  Golden  Jubilee  Hospital,  remitted  State  debts  and  demands  amount- 
ing to  one  lakh  of  rupees  to  the  State  subjects  and  employees,  and  freely 
allowed  his  Mahomedan  subjects  to  give  "Azan"  (a  loud  call  at  the  time 
of  prayer),  which  was  heretofore  prohibited.  His  Highness  was  invited  to 
meet  their  Imperial  Highnesses  when  they  visited  Lahore  as  Prince  and 
Princess  of  Wales  in  1905,  and  on  the  ist  January,  1909,  he  was  made  a 
Knight  Commander  of  the  Most  Exalted  Order  of  the  Star  of  India.  His 
Highness'  actions  are  marked  with  earnestness  to  improve  his  State,  and  he 
is  deeply  interested  in  all  that  tends  to  promote  the  well-being  of  his  peaceful 
subjects.  He  is  a  keen  sportsman  and  fond  of  shooting  big  game. 

Turning  to  the  family  history  of  Jind  it  may  be  noted  that  it  is  with  Rajah 
Gajpat  Singh  that  Jind  history  is  specially  concerned.  He  was  bora  about 
the  year  1738  and  grew  up  a  fine  handsome  youth,  well  skilled  in  all  military 
exercises.  His  daughter  Bibi  Rajkour  was  married  to  Sardar  Mahan  Singh 
Sukar  Chakia,  and  became  the  mother  of  Maharajah  Ranjit  Singh  of 
Lahore. 

Rajah  Gajpat  Singh  joined  the  Sikh  Army  in  1763,  when  Zin  Khan,  the 
Afghan  Governor  of  Sirhind,  was  defeated  and  slain,  and  he  then  seized  a  large 
tract  of  country,  including  the  districts  of  Jind  and  Sufaidon,  overrunning 
Panipat  and  Karnal.  In  1775  Rahim  Dad  Khan,  Governor  of  Hansi,  was 
sent  against  Jind  by  the  Delhi  Governor,  Nawab  Majad-ul-Daulah  Abdulahad 
Khan.  Rahim  Dad  Khan  was  defeated  and  killed  (his  tomb  is  to  be  seen 
outside  the  Jind  City),  and  the  trophies  of  this  victory  are  still  preserved  in  the 

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LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Quarter  Guard  of  the  Jind  Imperial  Service  Infantry.  Rajah  Gajpat  Singh 
built  a  large  brick  fort  on  the  northern  side  of  the  town  of  Jind. 

Rajah  Gajpat  Singh  died  in  1789  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Bhag  Singh. 
Rajah  Bhag  Singh  was  the  first  of  all  the  great  Cis-Sutlej  Chiefs  to  seek  an 
alliance  with  the  British  Government,  and  he  joined  the  British  Army  with 
a  large  detachment.  For  several  months  the  Rajah  remained  with  General 
Lake,  who  writes  of  Rajah  Bhag  Singh  as  a  friend  and  ally.  Rajah  Bhag 
Singh's  influence  had  a  good  effect,  and  on  one  occasion  he  held  Saharunpore 
while  Colonel  Ochterlony  was  in  pursuit  of  the  Mahrattas. 

Rajah  Bhag  Singh  joined  Lord  Lake  in  his  pursuit  of  Jaswant  Rao 
Holkar  in  1805,  accompanying  him  as  far  as  the  Beas,  whence  he  was  deputed 
to  Lahore  as  an  envoy  to  his  nephew  Maharajah  Ranjit  Singh  to  warn  him  of 
the  approach  of  the  English  General,  and  against  espousing  the  hopeless  cause 
of  Holkar,  who  was  then  in  grave  extremities.  The  mission  was  conducted 
throughout  to  the  General's  entire  satisfaction.  Rajah  Bhag  Singh  was  able 
to  exert  considerable  influence  with  his  nephew  in  favour  of  the  English, 
and  Holkar  was  compelled  to  leave  the  Punjab. 

In  April,  1807,  Rajah  Bhag  Singh  readily  consented  to  the  survey  of  his 
country  by  Lieut.  F.  White,  and  did  all  he  could  to  make  the  expedition 
successful.  A  survey  in  Sikh  territory  was  not  then  so  commonplace  a  pro- 
ceeding as  at  present,  for  the  people  were  suspicious,  and  generally  imagined 
that  the  survey  of  their  country  was  only  a  preliminary  to  its  annexation. 

When  General  Ochterlony  was  advancing  with  a  strong  force  to  the 
Sutlej,  to  strengthen  by  his  propinquity  the  arguments  of  Mr.  Metcalfe,  the 
envoy  at  Lahore,  whose  negotiations  seemed  still  far  from  any  satisfactory 
conclusion,  Rajah  Bhag  Singh  met  the  General  at  Buria  with  his  troops, 
as  it  was  thought  his  presence  with  the  English  force  would  have  a  good  effect. 
The  Rajah  continued  with  General  Ochterlony  till  his  arrival  at  Ludhiana,  at 
which  place  the  detachment  was  ordered  to  halt,  and  acted  as  a  mutual  friend 
in  the  negotiations  which  were  necessary  between  the  General  and  the  Lahore 
agent. 

Rajah  Bhag  Singh  died  in  1819,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Fatteh 
Singh,  whose  reign  was  very  short  and  quite  uneventful.  He  died  on  the 

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BRITISH    INDIA 

3rd  February,  1822,  leaving  one  son,  Rajah  Sangat  Singh,  eleven  years  of 
age.  The  administration  was  carried  on  during  his  minority  by  the  officers 
of  the  State,  and  after  a  very  short  time  he  died  in  1834,  leaving  no  son. 
His  second  cousin,  Rajah  Sarup  Singh,  succeeded.  In  his  reign  the  excise 
and  transit  duties  were  abolished  in  the  Jind  territory,  the  British  Govern- 
ment engaging  never  to  demand  from  the  Rajah  or  his  successors  tribute  or 
revenue  commutation  in  lieu  of  troops  or  otherwise,  and  the  Rajah  on  his  part 
engaging  to  aid  the  Government  with  all  his  troops  in  the  event  of  war, 
to  maintain  the  military  roads  and  to  suppress  suttee,  slave  dealing,  and 
infanticide  in  his  territories. 

A  Sanad,  dated  the  22nd  September,  1847,  was  granted  to  the  Rajah,  con- 
firming to  him  his  ancestral  possessions,  with  the  additional  assurance  that  the 
British  authorities  would  not  entertain  complaints  on  the  part  of  the  Maha- 
rajah's subjects  or  dependants,  or  interfere  with  the  Maharajah's  authority. 

When  the  second  Sikh  war  broke  out,  Rajah  Sarup  Singh  offered  to  lead 
his  troops  in  person  to  Lahore  to  join  the  English  Army,  but  his  services  not 
being  found  necessary,  were  declined  with  thanks. 

When  the  Mutiny  broke  out  in  May,  1857,  Rajah  Sarup  Singh  at  once 
collected  all  his  troops,  and  by  forced  marches  reached  Karnal  on  the  i8th 
May,  where  he  undertook  the  defence  of  the  city  and  cantonments.  His 
contingent  was  orderly  and  disciplined,  and  his  presence  at  Karnal  gave 
confidence  and  secured  that  station  from  plunder.  From  Karnal  the  Rajah 
sent  a  detachment  to  secure  the  bridge  of  boats  at  Baghpat,  twenty  miles 
north  of  Delhi,  thus  enabling  the  Meerut  force  to  cross  the  Jumna  and  join 
Sir  H.  Barnard's  Column.  The  town  of  Panipat,  which  was  in  a  most  excited 
state,  was  restored  to  order,  and  the  Jind  force  inarched  in  the  post  of  honour 
in  advance  of  the  British  Column,  recovering  Sumbhalka  and  Rai,  securing 
the  road  and  collecting  supplies  for  the  army.  On  the  7th  June,  Rajah 
Sarup  Singh  joined  the  British  Camp  at  Alipore,  and  the  following  day  the 
battle  of  Badli  Serai  was  fought,  in  which  Jind  troops  behaved  well,  and  were 
complimented  on  the  field  by  the  Commander-in-Chief,  who  sent  one  of  the 
captured  guns  to  the  Rajah  as  a  present.  On  the  igth  June  the  Jind  troops 
aided  in  repulsing  the  Nasirabad  force,  which  attacked  the  camp  ;  and  on  the 

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LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

2ist  were  sent  to  Baghpat  to  repair  the  bridge  of  boats  which  had  been  de- 
stroyed. The  Jind  force,  under  Commandant  Kahan  Singh,  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  assault  of  the  city,  scaling  the  walls  side  by  side  with  the  English 
troops,  and  of  their  number  several  were  killed  and  wounded.  Rajah  Sarup 
Singh  was  the  only  chief  who  was  present  with  his  troops  before  Delhi.  As 
a  token  of  gratitude  and  confidence  the  administration  of  Rohtak  was  made 
over  to  the  Rajah  of  Jind  during  the  most  disturbed  period,  and  the  headmen 
of  villages  and  the  Zemindars  were  directed  to  pay  their  revenue  to  him. 

The  services  of  Rajah  Sarup  Singh  were  thus  of  the  most  valuable  kind. 
The  Commissary-General,  Colonel  Thomson,  C.B.,  declared  that  but  for  the 
timely  supplies  furnished  by  him  the  quantity  of  stores  would  have  been  at 
first  insufficient  for  the  troops.  General  Wilson,  in  his  despatch  of  the  22nd 
September,  announcing  the  fall  of  Delhi,  brings  "prominently  to  notice  the 
admirable  service  performed  by  the  Jind  Rajah  and  his  troops,  who  are  said 
not  only  to  have  discharged  harassing  duties  in  the  constant  escort  of  convoys, 
but  to  have  aided  the  General  on  more  than  one  occasion  in  the  field  and 
finally  to  have  participated  in  the  capture  and  assault  of  Delhi."  The 
Governor-General,  in  his  notification  of  the  5th  November,  1857,  declared 
that  the  steady  support  of  the  Rajah  of  Jind  called  for  the  marked 
thanks  of  the  Government. 

Rajah  Sarup  Singh  received  as  reward  for  his  gallant  services  in  the 
Mutiny  the  Dadri  territory,  575  square  miles  in  extent.  Thirteen  villages  in 
the  Kularan  Ilaka,  conveniently  situated  near  Sangrur,  were  also  ceded  to  the 
Rajah  in  perpetuity.  As  a  memorial  of  his  services  before  Delhi,  the  confis- 
cated house  of  the  rebel  Shahzada  Mirza  Abubakar,  situated  in  that  city,  was 
bestowed  on  the  Rajah.  He  also  received  a  Sanad,  dated  5th  May,  1860,  grant- 
ing him  full  sovereignty  on  his  ancestral  and  acquired  possessions,  embodying 
the  additional  privileges  which  had  been  conceded  to  him,  and  the  arrange- 
ments which  had  been  made  for  the  administration  of  the  State  in  the  event  of 
a  minority  or  the  death  of  the  chief  without  having  appointed  a  successor. 

On  the  26th  January,  1864,  Rajah  Sarup  Singh,  of  Mutiny  fame,  died. 
In  person  and  presence  he  was  eminently  princely,  and  the  stalwart  Sikh 
race  could  hardly  show  a  taller  or  stronger  man.  Clad  in  armour,  as  he  loved 


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BRITISH     INDIA 

to  be  at  the  head  of  his  troops,  there  was  perhaps  no  other  prince  in  India  who 
bore  himself  so  gallantly  and  looked  so  true  a  soldier.  In  character  he  was 
honest  and  just.  The  British  Government  has  never  had  an  ally  more  true  and 
loyal  in  heart  than  Rajah  Sarup  Singh,  who  served  it  from  affection  and  not 
from  fear. 

Rajah  Sarup  Singh  had  been  nominated  a  Knight  Grand  Commander 
of  the  Star  of  India,  in  September,  1863,  but  he  was  too  ill  to  visit  Ambala 
to  be  invested,  and  died  before  the  honour  to  which  he  had  been  designated 
could  be  bestowed. 

Rajah  Raghbir  Singh,  the  son  and  heir  of  Rajah  Sarup  Singh,  was  in 
every  way  worthy  of  his  father.  He  was  at  this  time  about  thirty  years  of 
age,  and  had  been  thoroughly  trained  in  judicial  and  administrative  matters, 
in  which  the  late  Rajah  was  an  excellent  teacher,  as  he  kept  his  territory  in 
excellent  order  and  had  been  eminently  just  in  his  dealings  with  his  subjects. 

The  new  Rajah  had  scarcely  taken  his  seat  on  the  Gadi  than  a  rebellion 
broke  out  in  the  newly-acquired  territory  of  Dadri,  which  tested  all  his  energy 
and  determination.  The  Nawab  of  Dadri  had  been  as  a  ruler  incompetent. 
He  was  accustomed  to  farm  out  the  revenue  to  the  headmen  of  the  villages. 
When  the  Rajah  of  Jind  took  possession,  a  complete  change  was  wrought  in 
the  system,  and  a  regular  settlement  was  made  after  the  English  method. 
The  real  exciters  of  discontent  in  Dadri  were  the  headmen  of  the  villages,  who 
found  all  their  gains  at  an  end,  and  themselves  reduced  to  the  position  of 
simple  L,ambardars.  Hakim  Kasim  AH  Khan,  who  was  a  malcontent  on 
account  of  the  Rajah  having  made  a  cash  assessment  of  his  Jagir,  instigated 
the  revolt,  the  lyoharu  State  was  favourable,  and  help  was  also  promised  from 
the  Rajput  Border.  About  fifty  villages  broke  into  open  revolt,  the  police 
station  of  Badrah  was  captured,  and  the  Thanedar  placed  in  confinement, 
while  rude  entrenchments  were  thrown  up  round  some  of  the  villages.  Arms 
and  ammunition  were  received  from  the  neighbouring  territory  of  Sheik- 
hawati,  L,oharu  and  Khetri,  and  the  famous  Sheikhawati  robbers  were  sum- 
moned to  help  on  promise  of  plunder  and  pay. 

The  Dadri  people  had  made  a  great  mistake  when  they  fancied  that  the 
new  Rajah  was  less  energetic  than  his  father.  Immediately  on  hearing  of  the 


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LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

rebellion,  he  left  Jind  with  two  regiments  of  infantry  1,500  strong,  350  horses 
and  four  guns,  and  marched  to  Dadri,  which  he  reached  on  the  8th  May.  He 
did  not  ask  Patiala  or  Nabha  for  the  assistance  which  they  were  quite  willing 
to  give,  and  politely  declined  the  presence  of  a  British  officer  in  his  camp,  as 
he  imagined  that  it  might  seem  that  he  was  unable  to  meet  and  overcome  the 
first  difficulty  which  he  had  experienced  after  ascending  the  throne.  On  the  i4th 
May  the  Rajah  at  daybreak  attacked  the  village  of  Charkhi,  about  four  miles 
south-west  of  Dadri,  where  some  1,500  or  2,000  of  the  rebellious  Zemindars 
had  collected  and  entrenched  themselves.  They  had  been  repeatedly  warned, 
and  several  days  had  been  allowed  them  to  come  in  and  make  their  submission, 
but  they  declared  their  determination  to  resist  the  Rajah's  authority  to  the 
last.  But  when  the  attack  really  took  place  and  the  guns  opened  on  the 
village,  the  insurgents  broke  at  once,  and  in  their  flight  a  good  many  were 
overtaken  and  cut  up.  The  village  was  then  burnt,  and  the  Rajah  the  same 
day  marched  against  another,  Mankawas,  six  miles  distant,  which  was  cap- 
tured and  destroyed.  The  village  Jhouju  was  the  last  place  at  which  the 
rebels  made  a  stand,  but  it  was  taken  by  storm  on  the  i6th  May  with  a  few 
casualties  on  both  sides.  It  shared  the  fate  of  the  two  other  villages,  and  the 
insurgents,  finding  their  cause  hopeless,  fled  to  Rajputana  territory,  and  the 
rebellion  was  over.  The  Rajah  was  as  merciful  after  his  success  as  he  had 
been  energetic  in  action.  He  only  punished  the  ringleaders  of  the  revolt, 
permitting  the  Zemindars  to  return  to  Dadri  territory  and  rebuild  their 
ruined  villages,  and  order  has  since  been  maintained  in  this  part  of  the 
Jind  dominion. 

Rajah  Raghbir  Singh  gave  useful  help  to  the  British  Government  in 
putting  down  the  Kuka  outbreak  in  1872.  He  received  the  honour  of  G. C.S.I., 
in  1876,  and  was  made  a  Councillor  of  the  Indian  Empire  in  1877.  In  1878- 
79  he  sent  a  contingent  to  assist  the  Government  in  the  Afghan  war.  He  also 
made  a  similar  offer  in  the  Egyptian  campaign  of  1882,  but  it  could  not  be 
accepted . 

He  died  in  1887.  He  was  a  chief  of  excellent  judgment  and  great 
honesty,  a  keen  sportsman  and  a  brave  soldier.  Many  and  varied  were  the 
measures  which  he  adopted  to  promote  the  prosperity  and  well-being  of  his 


202 


BRITISH    INDIA 

State.  It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  he  left  his  mark  on  almost  every  de- 
partment of  public  life.  He  founded  a  number  of  new  villages  and  called 
them  (a  proof  of  his  artistic  tastes)  after  various  musical  modes  of  the  Hindu 
system  of  the  divine  art.  Before  the  reign  of  Rajah  Raghbir  Singh  there  were 
very  few  gardens  in  the  State.  He  laid  out  gardens  in  several  towns  and  large 
villages,  importing  new  plants  for  them.  He  extended  irrigation  and  opened 
three  refineries  for  manufacturing  saltpetre.  He  built  a  palace  at  Sangrur, 
erected  an  iron  foundry,  built  the  Idgah  (a  place  of  worship  for  the  Mahome- 
dans)  and  Hindu  temples,  and  beautified  the  town  in  many  other  ways.  Jind 
undoubtedly  owes  its  artistic  pre-eminence  to  its  late  chief,  Rajah  Raghbir 
Singh,  whose  death  was  a  great  loss  to  the  Punjab. 

The  son  and  heir  of  Rajah  Raghbir  Singh  having  died  in  his  lifetime, 
he  was  succeeded  by  His  Highness  Maharajah  Sir  Ranbir  Singh  Bahadur, 
K. C.S.I.,  the  subject  of  the  present  memoir. 

The  principal  revenue-paying  crops  in  the  State  are  sugar  cane,  wheat, 
cotton,  oil  seeds,  and  bajra.  In  the  villages  cheap  food  grains,  such  as  Jawar 
bajra,  maize,  mixed  gram,  and  barley,  are  generally  grown  and  consumed 
by  the  villagers.  Fodder  crops  are  also  sown.  Of  the  three  Tahsils  into  which 
the  State  is  divided  for  revenue  and  administrative  purposes,  two,  namely, 
Sangrur  and  Jind,  are  irrigated  by  the  Sirhind  and  the  Western  Jumna  Canals 
respectively.  Dadri,  the  un-irrigated  Tahsil,  is  a  camel-breeding  tract,  and 
the  camels  are  used  both  for  ploughing  and  carrying,  as  well  as  for  riding. 
In  the  Balanwali  Ilaka,  sheep  do  well  and  goats  nourish  throughout  the 
State.  A  good  type  of  milch  buffalo  is  found  in  Jind.  Cattle  fairs  are  held 
at  frequent  intervals,  and  are  managed  by  the  State,  which  offers  prizes  to 
exhibitors  of  the  best  cattle. 

Rajah  Sarup  Singh  formed  the  State  forces  into  regular  regiments,  and 
his  successor  Rajah  Raghbir  Singh  did  much  to  introduce  the  British  system 
of  discipline.  The  oldest  regiments  are  the  Sherdil  Horse  Artillery,  raised 
in  1838,  and  the  Suraj  Mukhi  Infantry,  raised  in  1837.  The  latter  was  re- 
organised as  the  Imperial  Service  Infantry  early  in  1889,  the  Rajah's  offer  made 
in  1887  having  been  accepted  by  the  Viceroy  at  a  Durbar  held  in  Patiala  in 
1888.  In  December,  1891,  the  Jind  Transport  was  raised.  The  Akal  Cavalry 

203 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Regiment  raised  in  1845,  the  Katar  Mukhi  Regiment  raised  in  1857,  an(i  tne 
Mountain  Battery  organised  in  1874,  are  the  other  components  of  the  Jind 
Army. 

The  principal  towns  are  Sangrur,  a  station  on  the  lyUdhiana-Dhuri-Jakhal 
Railway,  and  the  administrative  headquarters  of  the  State  ;  Jind,  the  ancient 
Jaintapuri,  and  the  former  capital  of  the  State ;  Dadri,  a  station  on  the  Rewari- 
Ferozepore  Railway,  and  a  town  of  great  antiquity  ;  Kaliana,  where  sandstone 
is  found  ;  and  Safidon,  the  centre  of  the  saltpetre  manufacture.  A  part  of 
the  ancient  Kurukshetra  lies  within  the  State,  and  there  are  many  localities 
besides,  associated  with  the  names  of  the  classical  heroes  of  Hinduism. 


H.H.    KUMAR    JUS  WANT   RIKH. 


HIGHNESS  KUMAR  JUSVVANT 
RIKH,  of  Tajpur,  United  Prov- 
inces of  Agra  and  Oudh,  was  born  in 
1878.  He  is  the  second  son  of  the  Rajah 
of  Tajpur,  who  is  the  head  of  a  family 
well  known  for  its  loyalty  and  help  to 
the  British  Government  during  the  first 
and  second  Sikh  wars  and  the  Mutiny, 
for  which  services  he  had  the  honour  to 
be  made  a  member  of  the  Kaiser-i-Hind 
order.  The  Rajah  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Provinces 
of  Agra  and  Oudh,  being  appointed  there- 
to by  the  Lieutenant-Governor. 

Kumar  Rikh  was  educated  and 
brought  up  in  England  from  the  age  of 
ten  years,  and  had  the  honour  of  being 
invited  to  the  Coronation  of  Their 
Majesties  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and 
also  to  the  Coronation  Durbar  held  at 
Delhi. 


204 


BRITISH    INDIA 

UIS  HIGHNESS  HIRA  SINGH  SAHIB  BAHADUR,  G.C.S.I..  G.C.I.K., 
the  late  MAHARAJAH  OF  NABHA,  was  born  in  the  year  1843 
in  the  Badrukhan  family  of  the  Phulkian  Maharajahs.  He  was  a  great 
personality  and  a  Maharajah  of  extraordinary  intelligence  and  administrative 
ability.  His  reign  was  marked  by  many  acts  of  staunch  loyalty  to 
the  British  Throne  and  distinguished  services  to  his  State  and  people.  He 
was  a  Maharajah  in  the  truest  sense  of  the  word,  loving  his  people  and  subjects 
as  a  father  does  his  children.  The  people  of  Nabha  will  long  remember  him 
for  his  even-handed  justice  and  deeds  of  generosity  and  benevolence. 

As  Maharajah  Bhagwan  Singh  of  Nabha  died  without  male  issue  in 
May,  1871,  Maharajah  Hira  Singh  was  selected  as  his  successor,  according  to 
the  provisions  of  the  treaty  of  1860  between  the  Phulkian  Maharajahs  and 
the  British  Government,  under  which,  in  the  event  of  failure  of  a  male  heir, 
either  by  birth  or  adoption,  an  heir  should  be  selected  from  amongst  the 
Phulkian  Family  by  two  other  Maharajahs  and  the  representative  of  the  British 
Government. 

After  his  succession  to  the  throne  of  Nabha,  whenever  an  opportunity 
presented  itself  to  the  Maharajah  of  giving  proof  of  his  loyalty,  he  proved 
himself  equal  to  the  occasion.  His  Highness  received  high  encomium 
several  times  from  the  Viceroy  and  Governor-General  of  India,  and  was 
thanked  by  the  Government  for  his  prompt  and  timely  services.  In 
the  Second  Afghan  war  of  1878-79,  His  Highness  sent  a  force  of  2  guns,  200 
cavalry  and  500  infantry  for  service  in  the  Kurrum  Valley.  These  troops 
did  very  splendid  service  in  the  first  phase  of  the  campaign,  in  recognition  of 
which  the  Maharajah  was  created  in  1880  a  G. C.S.I.,  by  Her  late  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria.  Other  occasions  on  which  His  Highness  manifested 
his  friendship  for  the  British  Government  by  an  offer  of  military 
assistance  or  money  were — the  Malta  expedition,  1878  ;  the  Egyptian  war, 
1882  ;  the  Manipur  affair,  1891  ;  the  Waziristan  campaign,  1894 ;  the 
Chitral  Relief  expedition,  1895  ;  the  Chinese  troubles,  1900  ;  and  the  South 
African  war  ;  and  these  offers  were  warmly  appreciated  by  the  Government. 
When  horses  were  urgently  wanted  in  South  Africa  for  the  Mounted  Infantry 
Force  operating  against  the  Boers,  the  Maharajah  sent  50  of  his  cavalry  horses 

205 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

fully  equipped.  His  Highness  was  the  first  among  the  Princes  of  the  Punjab 
who  offered  four  lakhs  of  rupees  for  the  defence  of  the  Empire,  but  the  offer  of 
money  was  declined  with  thanks.  His  troops  are  a  splendid  body  of  soldiers, 


H.H.  THE  LATE  MAHARAJAH  OF  NABHA. 

ready  to  take  the  field  for  the  defence  of  the  Empire,  and  once  did  excellent 
service  in  the  Tirah  expedition  of  1897. 

His     Highness    was    equally    distinguished    for    his    munificent    gifts. 
Besides  many  small  donations  on  several  occasions,  he  gave  50,000  rupees  for 

206 


BRITISH    INDIA 

the  relief  of  the  wounded  and  the  distressed  families  of  those  killed  in  the 
Second  Afghan  war  of  1878-79.  He  contributed  a  lakh  of  rupees  for  each 
of  the  memorials  of  Queen  Victoria  and  King  Edward  VII.  In  honour  of  the 
visit  to  India  to  1905  of  Their  Royal  Highnesses  the  Prince  and  Princess  of 
Wales  (now  Their  Majesties  King  George  and  Queen  Mary),  50,000  rupees  was 
offered  by  the  Maharajah,  which  was  devoted  to  the  Victoria  May  Girls' 
College  at  Lahore. 

The  Maharajah's  solicitude  for  the  well-being  of  his  subjects  has  been 
no  less  conspicuous  than  his  loyalty  to  the  Crown  and  his  services  to  the  Empire. 
He  tried  his  utmost  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  the  most  important  class  of 
men  in  India,  whose  main  industry  is  agriculture,  by  opening  banks  to  help 
the  distressed  agriculturists,  much  oppressed  by  the  usurers,  who  exacted 
exorbitant  rates  of  interest.  It  is  the  primary  duty  of  a  good  Government 
to  provide  against  famine,  and  the  Nabha  State,  co-operating  with  its  sister 
Phulkian  States — Patiala  and  Jind — and  the  British  Government,  constructed 
and  opened  canals  in  its  territory  at  the  cost  of  about  20  lakhs  of  rupees.  The 
agriculturists,  by  the  help  of  irrigation  from  these  canals,  have  derived  much 
benefit ;  they  are  reaping  fourfold  profit  of  their  labour,  and  in  bad  years 
will  not  now  fear  the  horrors  of  misery  and  death.  The  Maharajah  took  also 
a  great  interest  in  the  education  of  his  subjects,  and  opened  several  schools  in 
the  State  of  different  standards.  For  the  relief  of  the  sick  there  are  hospitals 
at  the  headquarters  of  each  district.  The  Maharajah  also  carried  out  many 
social  reforms,  the  chief  among  these  being  the  facilities  granted  to  widows 
to  remarry. 

Maharajah  Hira  Singh  died  after  a  long  and  useful  reign  of  forty  years 
on  the  25th  December,  1911,  much  lamented,  not  by  his  subjects  and  servants 
only,  but  by  the  people  of  the  whole  of  India.  His  Majesty  the  King-Emperor 
George  V.,  His  Excellency  the  Viceroy  Lord  Hardinge  of  Penshurst,  and 
other  dignitaries  of  the  British  Government  expressed  their  sorrow  for 
the  loss  of  a  faithful  friend  and  ally  of  the  Empire. 

He  is  now  succeeded  by  his  only  son  and  heir,  His  Highness  Maharajah 
Ripudaman  Singh,  F.R.G.S.,  M.R.A.S.,  who  has  already  made  his  mark 
during  his  term  of  office  in  the  Supreme  Legislative  Council  of  India  (1906-08). 

207 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

A  prince  of  great  promise,  there  is  every  reason  to  hope  that  his  reign  will 
be  marked  with  the  same  spirit  of  loyalty  to  the  British  Throne  and  fatherly 
protection  to  his  subjects. 


J-JIS  HIGHNESS  FARZAND-I-ARJUMAND,  AQIDAT-PAIWAND  DAULAT-I- 
INGLISHIA,  BARAR  BANS  SARMAUR,  RAJA-I-RAJGAN  MAHARAJAH 
RIPUDAMAN  SINGH  SAHIB,  MALWINDAR  BAHADUR,  F.R.G.S.,  M.R.A.S.,* 
OF  NABHA,  is  the  only  son  of  His  late  Highness  Maharajah  Hira  Singh 
Sahib  Malwindar  Bahadur,  G. C.S.I.,  G.C.I.E.,  who  died  after  reigning 
over  Nabha  State  with  great  tact  and  ability  for  more  than  forty  years. 
Maharajah  Ripudaman  Singh  was  born  on  the  4th  March,  1883,  and 
succeeded  to  the  throne  of  Nabha  on  the  25th  December,  1911,  on  the 
death  of  his  father.  He  married  in  June,  1901,  at  the  age  of  18,  and  has 
one  daughter,  Princess  Amrit  Kaur,  born  October,  1907.  The  education  of 
the  Maharajah  was  carried  on  by  his  tutors  with  great  care  under  the 
watchful  and  wise  guidance  of  his  father,  the  late  Maharajah.  The  young 
Maharajah  early  gave  promise  of  his  intelligence  and  aptitude  for  adminis- 
trative work,  and  His  late  Highness  Maharajah  Hira  Singh  Sahib,  seeing 
these  good  signs,  gave  him  a  share  in  the  management  of  the  affairs  of 
his  State.  Maharajah  Ripudaman  Singh  conducted  with  great  efficiency 
and  ability  whatever  work  was  put  under  his  charge,  and  for  a  great  length 
of  time  he  supervised  the  Foreign  Department  of  his  father's  State. 

When  only  23  years  of  age,  he  was  appointed  a  Member  of  the 
Supreme  legislative  Council  of  the  Viceroy  of  India  in  1906,  this  being 
a  unique  distinction  at  his  age.  His  speeches  were  much  appreciated 
by  the  Government,  and  by  the  leading  Indian  Members,  his  honourable 
colleagues  in  the  Council,  who  had  experience  of  many  years  of  public 
affairs.  He  expressed  his  views  on  nearly  every  subject  of  importance 
that  Government  had  to  deal  with,  such  as  education,  public  service, 

*  Translation  : — His  Highness  Valued  and  Devoted  son  of  the  English  Power,  the 
Crown  of  the  Barar  race,  Raja-i-Rajgan  Maharajah  Ripudaman  Singh  Sahib,  the  Valiant 
King  of  Malvva,  F.R.G.S.,  M.R.A.S. 

208 


BRITISH    INDIA 

railways,  religious  endowments,  liquor,  opium,  etc.  During  his  term  of 
membership  of  the  Supreme  Legislative  Council  the  most  noteworthy 
service  rendered  by  the  Maharajah  to  the  Sikh  Community,  to  which 


H.H.    RIPUDAMAN   SINGH,   MAHARAJAH    OF   NABHA. 

he  belongs,  was  the  introduction  of  the  Anand  Sikh  Marriage  Bill  (October, 
1908),  which  became  law  in  the  following  year. 

His  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  India  in  the    Viceroy's    Council 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  public  men  of  his  country,  and  he  was  duly 

o  209 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

elected  to  preside  over  the  Indian  National  Social  Conference  held  in 
Lahore  in  1909,  which  meets  every  year  conjointly  with  the  sittings  of  the 
National  Congress  of  India  in  the  month  of  December.  He  delivered  his 
presidential  address,  which  covered  several  momentous  questions  of  social 
reform,  with  such  enlightenment  as  to  command  admiration  from  the 
audience  and  the  appreciation  of  the  veterans  of  the  social  reform  move- 
ment. The  words  of  the  Maharajah  touched  the  hearts  of  the  people 
the  more  forcibly  because  they  were  not  mere  words,  but  were  backed 
by  practice,  and  showed  the  experience  and  calm  judgment  of  an  old 
rather  than  that  of  a  young  man  of  his  age  and  position.  The  ripe 
experience  of  the  venerable  Maharajah  Hira  Singh  Sahib  Bahadur  of  Nabha 
was,  as  it  were,  reflected  by  the  young  Maharajah  with  a  double  brilliance. 
Along  with  many  other  useful  things,  the  Maharajah  exhorted  his  countrymen 
above  all  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  their  women,  if  they  desired  the  real 
progress  and  regeneration  of  India,  which  once  was  the  cradle  of  civilisation. 
Being  nurtured  in  the  true  tenets  of  the  Sikh  religion,  which  teaches  the 
brotherhood  of  man  and  the  Unity  of  a  Divine  Father,  the  Maharajah  is  of 
opinion  that  a  country,  in  order  to  have  a  national  life,  must  remove  the  hard 
barriers  of  the  different  castes  and  creeds  which  separate  man  from  man. 

His  health  utterly  broke  down  towards  the  end  of  1909,  after  his  two 
years'  hard  work  in  the  Council,  and  several  other  anxieties  ;  and  early  the 
next  year,  under  medical  advice,  he  proceeded  to  Europe.  He  was  received 
in  a  private  audience  by  His  Majesty  the  King  on  the  I3th  June,  1910,  on 
his  arrival  in  England.  Accompanied  by  Her  Highness  the  Maharanee,  he 
attended  the  Coronation  of  King  George  V.  and  his  Consort  at  Westminster 
Abbey. 

The  Maharajah  travelled  through  several  countries  of  Europe  for  about 
two  years.  He  has  seen  much  of  European  institutions  and  manners, 
and  his  natural  talents  have  received  a  useful  supplement  by  the  experience 
and  knowledge  gained  in  his  travels.  He  is  in  his  habits  pure,  studious,  and 
industrious.  His  application  to  work  is  worthy  of  imitation,  and  his  sim- 
plicity of  life  is  a  noble  example  which  may  be  copied  with  advantage  by  his 
compeers. 


210 


BRITISH    INDIA 

He  was  under  the  treatment  of  specialists  on  the  Continent  when 
he  received  the  terrible  news  of  his  father's  death,  and  he  hurried  back  to 
India.  The  lamented  demise  of  his  noble  and  illustrious  father,  Maharajah 
Hira  Singh  Sahib  Malwindar  Bahadur,  famed  for  his  loyalty  to  the  British 
Crown  and  for  his  administrative  capacity,  now  brought  him  the  direct 
control  of  Nabha  State,  the  affairs  of  which  he  had  already  managed  in  his 
father's  lifetime.  A  Maharajah  so  liberal  and  virtuous,  who  has  received  a 
sound  training  under  his  venerable  father,  imbibing  all  his  good  characteristics, 
and  who  has  been  in  touch,  in  his  sojourn  in  Europe,  with  men  of  broad 
principles,  cannot  surely  fail  to  be  a  worthy  successor  to  his  distinguished 
father. 

Nabha  State,  it  is  hoped,  will  become  a  model  State  of  India  in  the 
hands  of  its  new  ruler.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important  Sikh  States  of  the 
Punjab.  Its  sister  States  are  Patiala  and  Jind,  and  the  three  combined  are 
called  the  Phulkian  States,  but  the  rulers  of  Nabha  claim  a  superiority  over 
the  other  two,  being  descended  from  the  eldest  branch  of  the  family.  And 
then  again,  the  village  Phul,  founded  by  their  common  progenitor,  Maharajah 
Phul,  from  which  all  these  States  have  sprung,  is  in  Nabha  territory — a  fact 
which  adds  to  their  claim  of  seniority. 


OHRIMANT  NARAYAN  RAO  BOLIA  SAHEB  is  a  Sirdar  of  the  first  rank  and 
dignity  at  Indore.  He  is  the  adopted  son  of  the  late  Govind  Rao  Chimaji 
Bolia,  who  died  on  the  I4th  December,  1895,  without  leaving  issue.  During  the 
minority  of  Shrimant  Narayan  Rao,  the  Estate  was  managed  by  the  guardians 
who  were  appointed  by  the  Indore  Durbar.  Shrimant  Narayan  Rao  commenced 
his  education  in  the  city  High  School,  Indore,  and  in  the  year  1904  he  was 
sent  to  the  Daly  College,  Indore.  When  H.H.  the  Maharajah  Tukojee  Rao 
Holkar  joined  the  Mayo  College,  Ajmere,  Shrimant  Narayan  Rao  accompanied 
him  as  his  companion  the  same  year,  and  obtained  his  education  there  up  to 
the  Diploma  Class  of  the  College.  He  returned  to  Indore  in  1907,  and  in 
the  following  year  became  of  age  and  the  management  of  his  Estate  was 
entrusted  to  him  by  the  Durbar. 

211 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

The  history  of  the  Bolia  family  can  be  traced  from  the  time  of  the 
Peishwa  Bajee  Rao  I.  Vithojee  Bolia,  as  one  of  his  principal  Sirdars,  accom- 
panied him  in  his  invasions  in  Hindustan  and  Guzerat,  and  fought  bravely 

in  conquering  the  Duab. 
He  was  afterwards  slain 
while  leading  a  portion  of 
the  Peishwa's  troops 
against  Sadatkhan,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
Govind  Rao,  who  was 
given  some  purganas  in 
Malwa  by  the  Peishwa  for 
his  meritorious  services. 
His  grandson,  Govind 
Rao  II.,  was  married  to 
Bhimabai,  daughter  of 
Jashwantrao  Holkar,  who 
gave  her  the  purgana  of 
Kunch  in  Bundelkund 
as  a  dowry.  Bhimabai's 
relations  with  the  British 
Government  were  very 
friendly,  and  after  her 
death  in  1858,  though 

SHRIMAXT  XARAYAX  RAO  BOWA  SAHEB.  the    P^gana    of     Kunch 

reverted    to    the    British 

Government,  the  Governor-General  was  nevertheless  pleased  to  assign  a 
pension  of  Rs.  20,000  a  year  from  the  revenue  of  Kunch  to  her  grandson, 
Govindrao  Bolia  III.,  the  father  of  the  present  Sirdar. 


/^VNE  of  the  most  notable  of  the  Indian  visitors  attending  the  ceremony 
of    King    George's    Coronation    was    TRIBHOWANDAS    MANGALDAS 


212 


BRITISH    INDIA 


NTATHOOBHOY,  ESQ.,  Mr.  Tribhowandas  is  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  ana 
Honorary  Magistrate  for  the  City  of  Bombay,  and  in  his  time  he  has 
distinguished  himself  not  only  by  his  loyalty  to  the  crown,  but  by  his 
princely  munificence  to  his  poorer  brethren. 

During  the  most  disastrous  period  of  the  plague — 1896-1897 — Mr. 
Tribhowandas  rendered  yeoman  service  in  assisting  the  authorities,  and  he 
was  publicly  thanked  by  Sir 
William  Gatacre,  and  his 
eminent  services  were  promi- 
nently brought  to  the  notice 
of  the  Government.  In  an 
official  report  confirmed  by  a 
caste  meeting,  it  was  said  :— 
"  From  the  commencement  of 
the  plague  till  this  day,  and 
during  the  worst  and  most 
trying  time  of  1897,  Sheth 
Tribhowandas,  the  foremost 
and  the  most  zealous  man  of 
our  caste,  has  been  trying  his 
utmost  to  be  serviceable  to 
us,  his  castemen."  Further 
on  it  says,  "  He  daily  went 
rounds  of  house-to-house 
visitation.  He  had  the  chief 
share  in  securing  a  separate 
ward  and  special  accommo- 
dation for  our  caste-people  in  the  Hindu  hospital.  His  vigilance  and  super- 
vision over  every  camp  to  set  right  every  defect  and  correct  every  deficiency, 
and  his  zeal  to  accommodate  every  suffering  patient  in  accordance  with  the 
patient's  wishes  was  unbounded."  He  identified  himself  with  the  Hindu 
Fever  Hospital,  and  his  liberal  donations  greatly  contributed  to  the  success 
of  that  institution.  He  pays  every  year  a  sum  of  about  Rs.  800  towards 


Tltc  Loiulon  Stereoscopic  Co, 

TRIBHOWANDAS   M.    XATHOOBHOY,    IvSQ. 


213 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE     EMPIRE 

the  ground- rent  of  the  Adams-Wyllie  Hospital  in  Bombay,  of  which  institution 
he  is  a  trustee. 

As  showing  his  fervent  loyalty  to  the  Crown  we  may  fittingly  quote 
a  speech  delivered  by  Mr.  Tribhowandas  on  the  occasion  of  a  public  meeting 
held  at  Javer  Baug  to  offer  thanks  for  the  fall  of  Pretoria.  "  Well,"  he  said, 
"  may  England — the  little  sea-girt  isle — rule  wide,  wide  over  the  world,  so 
long  as  she  produces  men  like  Roberts,  and  Baden-Powell,  and  the  gallant 
defender  of  Ladysmith,  who  have  once  more  proved  to  us  what  incentive  to 
high  deeds  lives  ever  in  the  folds  of  that  hallowed  symbol  of  a  nation's  honour. 
It  is  men  like  these  to  whom  in  a  great  measure  we  owe  the  liberties  we  enjoy. 
No  man  can  over-estimate  the  value  of  such  an  army  as  England  is  proud 
to  possess.  No  man  can  read  the  past  history  of  England  without  being 
astonished  at  the  mighty  deeds  of  her  warriors." 

In  the  brief  space  of  this  memoir  it  would  be  difficult  to  attempt 
to  set  out  the  many  works  of  charity  and  public  usefulness  carried  out  by 
Mr.  Tribhowandas  Mangaldas  Nathoobhoy  during  his  career.  Under  the 
terms  of  his  father's  will  he  gave  to  the  University  of  Bombay  a  handsome 
donation  of  four  lakhs  of  rupees,  for  the  grant  of  scholarships  to  Hindu  students 
proceeding  to  Europe.  For  twenty  years  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Bombay  Municipal  Corporation.  He  is  a  patron  of  the  Teachers'  Association, 
the  Sanitary  Association,  and  the  Hindu  Gymkhana  of  Bombay,  the 
Bombay  branch  of  the  Bharata  Dharma  Maha  Mandul,  the  Hindu  Mahajan 
Committee,  the  Kapol  Students'  Union,  and  several  Hindu  public  charitable 
institutions,  and  was  President  for  25  years  of  the  Kapol  Bania  Caste.  He 
is  keenly  interested  in  the  question  of  moral  education. 

He  came  to  England  as  the  official  representative  of  the  Hindu  com- 
munity of  Bombay  City,  and  by  his  courteous  and  unassuming  manner  he 
has  endeared  himself  to  the  many  friends  he  made  in  England,  as  much  as 
he  is  beloved  and  respected  by  his  compatriots.  Mr.  Tribhowandas,  who 
during  his  stay  here  resided  at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  and  latterly  at  Mottingham, 
Kent,  is,  amongst  his  other  positions,  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Advisory 
Committee  for  Students  in  Bombay.  He  is  fifty-five  years  of  age,  and  has 
been  twice  married.  He  has  two  sons  and  three  daughters.  At  his  first 

214 


BRITISH    INDIA 

marriage,  in  1875,  His  Majesty  the  late  King  Edward  VII.,  then  Prince  of 
Wales,  graced  the  occasion  with  his  presence.  This  was  a  high  and  unique 
honour,  as  Mr.  Nathoobhoy's  was  the  only  private  residence  in  Bombay 
to  which  His  Royal  Highness  paid  a  visit.  His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke 
of  Connaught  did  Mr.  Nathoobhoy  the  honour  of  attending  the  marriage  of 
his  daughter  Krishnabai. 


HpHE     HONOURABLE      SIR 

SOLOMON        CHRISTO- 

FFEL  OBEYESEKERE,  J.F.,  is 

the  son  of  D.  B.  F.  Obeyesekere 
of  Atedahewatte,  Galle,  late 
Mudaliyar  of  Talpe  Pattoo,  by 
Susanna  Cornelia,  daughter  of 
Don  Solomon  Dias  Bandaran- 
aike,  of  Colombo,  late  Mudali- 
yar of  the  Gangebodde  and 
Udugaha  Pattoos  of  Cena 
Corle,  and  of  the  Governor's 
Gate.  Born  in  Colombo 
on  the  I2th  February,  1848, 
he  married  in  1878  Ezline 
Maria,  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  James  Alwis,  M.L.C., 
and  Florence  Dias  Bandaran- 
aike.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Colombo  Academy, 
which  is  now  the  Royal 
College,  and  at  St.  Thomas' 

College,  Colombo,  where  he  gained  a  first-class  diploma,  passed  as  a 
proctor  and  ranked  first  in  order  of  merit.  He  afterwards  matriculated 
at  the  Calcutta  University  and  was  called  to  the  Bar,  but  has  long 
ceased  to  practise.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  United  Empire  League;  a 


TUB  HON.  SIR  SOLOMON  C.  OBEYESEKERE. 


215 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


member  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute ;  a  member  of  the  Carona  Club,  and 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Ceylon;  and  was  created  a  Knight  Bachelor  1911.  Since 
1900  he  has  represented  the  low-country  Sinhalese  in  the  Legislative  Council 
of  Ceylon.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Ceylon  Branch  of  the  Royal  Asiatic 
Society,  an  incorporated  Trustee  of  the  Church  of  England  in  Ceylon,  a  member 

of  the  Anglican  Synod  in 
the  Diocese  of  Colombo, 
Vice-President  of  the  Ceylon 
Agricultural  Society,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Sinhalese  Sports 
Club  since  its  inception  in 
1899,  and  was  one  of  the 
representatives  of  Ceylon  at 
the  Coronation  of  King 
George  at  Westminster 
Abbey.  He  is  a  recipient  of 
Queen  Victoria's  Jubilee 
Medal  (Gold)  of  1897;  King 
Edward  VII. 's  Coronation 
Medal  (Gold)  of  1902,  and 
of  the  Coronation  Medal  of 
King  George  and  Queen  Mary. 
L,ady  Obeyesekere  had  the 
honour  of  being  received  by 
Queen  Mary  at  Buckingham 
Palace  on  the  ist  June,  1911, 
and  shortly  afterwards  by 
Queen  Alexandra  at  Marlborough  House,  when  her  Ladyship  received  from 
Her  Majesty,  as  a  memento  of  this  event,  a  double  "A"  monogram  brilliant 
and  ruby  brooch. 

Sir  Solomon's  town  residence  is  Hill  Castle,  Colombo,  and  his  numer- 
ous country  seats  are  Venivelle,  Ambepussa  ;  Kamburagalle,  Veyangoda  ; 
Muhuliawe,  Dambadeniya ;  The  Hermitage,  Kandy ;  L,ongden  House, 


LADY    OBEYESEKERE. 


2lO 


BRITISH    INDIA 

Nuwara  Eliya ;  Hill  Crest,  Eandarawela ;  and  Wilson's  Bungalow, 
Palugama,  in  the  district  of  Uva  ;  and  he  is  an  owner  of  large  coconut 
plantations  and  several  plumbago  mines  in  the  island. 


'"TUDOR     DEDRICK    NATHANIEL    D'ABREU    WIJEGUNARATNE     RAJE- 
PAKSE,  ESQ.,  is  a  typical  Sinhalese  chieftain.  Members  of  Mr.  Rajepakse's 
family    were     promi- 
nent chiefs  and  great 
land-owners    during 
the   seventeenth    and 
eighteenth    centuries, 
and    were   highly   es- 
teemed by  the  Dutch 
rulers    of    the  Island 
for    their   loyalty, 
courage,  and  powerful 
aid  in  fostering  com- 
merce. The  traditions 
of  fidelity   and  loyal 
service   to   the   State 
were    continued    by 
Mr.    Rajepakse's    im- 
mediate    ancestors 
after    the    British 
occupation  of  Ceylon, 
and  were  well  main- 
tained by  the  father 
of  Mr.  Rajepakse,  the 
late  Sampson  d'Abreu 
Wijegunaratne    Raje- 
pakse.    As  a  philan- 
thropist,    his     career 
was   notable,   and  he  TUDOR  DEDRICK  RAJEPAKSE,  ESQ. 


2I7 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

is  still  remembered  in  Ceylon  for  his  numerous  benefactions  in  aid  of 
charities,  in  the  establishment  of  schools,  and  the  foundation  of 
scholarships. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir,  Mr.  Tudor  Rajepakse,  was  born  in  1868  at 
Welitara,  Ceylon,  and  was  educated  at  St.  Thomas'  College,  Colombo.  He 
married  in  1898  Frances  Lily,  second  daughter  of  J.  D.  S.  Rajepakse,  Muda- 
liyar  of  Negombo.  In  1890  he  was  raised  to  the  high  rank  of  a  Mudaliyar 
of  the  Gate  by  the  Governor,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Arthur  Gordon,  G.C.M.G. 
(Lord  Stanmore).  He  takes  a  keen  interest  in  art,  and  has  done  much  to 
further  its  study  as  well  as  the  general  spread  of  education  amongst  his 
countrymen.  He  is  an  Associate  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute,  a  member 
of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Ceylon,  and  sits  on  the  Committee  of  the 
Colombo  Museum.  He  visited  England  and  the  Continent  in  1891  and  1908. 
Mr.  Rajepakse  was  one  of  the  four  delegates  nominated  by  the  Governor  of 
Ceylon,  Sir  Henry  McCallum,  G.C.M.G.,  to  represent  the  general  Sinhalese 
community  at  the  Coronation  of  H.M.  King  George  V.  He  and  Mrs.  Raje- 
pakse were  received  by  Their  Majesties  at  Buckingham  Palace  with  the 
representatives  of  other  Crown  Colonies  at  a  special  audience,  and  were 
present  in  Westminster  Abbey  on  the  occasion  of  the  Coronation. 

Residences  :  Gatherum,  Colombo,  Ceylon,  and  Maha  Kappina  Walauwa, 
Welitara,  Ceylon. 


COLONEL  HENRY  ERNEST  STANTON,  C.B.,  D.S.O.,  son  of  the  Rev.  Canon 
\^i 

William  Henry  Stanton,  Rector  of  Haselton,  Gloucestershire,  was  born  in 
1861,  and  educated  at  Maryborough  College  and  at  the  Royal  Military  Academy, 
Woolwich.  He  entered  the  Royal  Artillery  in  1881,  and  became  Captain  in 
1890,  Brevet-Major  1898,  Major  1899,  Brevet-Lieut. -Colonel  1904,  Brevet- 
Colonel  1906,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1909.  He  served  in  the  Burmah 
campaigns  of  1885-7  and  1887-9  (despatches,  D.S.O.),  with  the  Chitral 
Relief  Force,  1895,  as  Brigade-Major  (despatches),  with  the  Malakand 
Field  Force  in  1897  as  D.A.  Q.M.  G.  for  Intelligence  (despatches),  with 
the  Buner  Field  Force  in  1898  (despatches,  Brevet-Major),  and  with  the 

218 


BRITISH    INDIA 


Somaliland  Field  Force  1903-4  as    Chief  Staff   Officer    (despatches,    Brevet- 


Ivieut .  -Colonel) .  In 
Intelligence  Branch 
Assistant  Military  Secretary, 
Bombay,  in  1898 ;  an  A.A.G. 
India,  1902;  an  A. B.C.  to  His 
Majesty  in  1906;  a  General 
Staff  Officer  2nd  grade  of  the 
Territorial  Force  in  1908;  a 
General  Staff  Officer  ist  Grade 
India,  1911;  and  Deputy 
Quarter-Master-General  at 
Indian  Army  Headquarters  in 
1912. 

In  1899  he  married  Olive 
Talbot,  daughter  of  General  Sir 
Robert  Cunliffe  Low,  G.C.B. 
Created  D.S.O.  in  1887,  and 
C.B.  (mil.),  1911.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Naval  and  Mili- 
tary Club,  London. 


1897     he     was    appointed 
in     India ; 


Staff     Captain     of     the 


Elliott  f-  l'iy. 

COLONEL    H.    li.    STAXTOX,    C.B.,    D.S.O. 


gIR  DORABJI  J.  TATA  was  born  in  Bombay  on  the  2;th  August,  1859. 
He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Jamsetji  N.  Tata,  Hsq.,  of  Bombay, 
who  on  his  death  at  Nauheim,  in  Germany,  in  May,  1904,  was  universally 
acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  men  in  India  under  British  rule. 
He  established  cotton  spinning,  weaving  and  finishing  mills,  which  are  amongst 
the  most  successful  in  India,  and  admitted  to  be  models  of  good  management. 
His  various  schemes  for  the  industrial  development  of  India  and  for  the 
higher  education  of  Indians  have  made  his  name  an  honoured  one  all  over 
India.  Unfortunately  he  died  before  three  of  his  best  schemes  for  the  advance- 
ment and  welfare  of  India  could  be  put  into  execution,  but  they  were  so  far 


219 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


advanced  that  his  heirs  and  successors  were  able  to  bring  all  of  them  to  a 
successful  issue  and  establish  them  on  an  even  larger  scale  than  he  had 
originally  contemplated.  These  bid  fair  to  revolutionise  Indian  conditions, 
and  were,  first,  the  great  Institute  of  Science  for  Research  in  all  matters 
likely  to  be  beneficial  to  India,  which  has  been  founded  at  Bangalore  ;  second, 
the  starting  of  the  large  Tata  Iron  and  Steel  Works  near  Calcutta,  which 
have  been  rightly  described  as  the  "  Indian  Pittsburg  "  ;  and,  thirdly,  the 

Tata  Hydro-Electric  Power 
Works,  near  Bombay,  which 
were  commenced  in  the  Coron- 
ation year.  Appropriately 
enough,  the  first  blast  furnace 
heat  of  the  Tata  Iron  Works 
was  run  off  on  the  day  His 
Imperial  Majesty  first  sighted 
India's  shores  during  his 
Durbar  visit,  in  the  course  of 
which  Lord  Crewe,  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  for  India,  visited 
the  works.  Succeeding  his 
father  as  head  of  the  firm,  it 
fell  to  the  lot  of  Sir  Dorabji 
to  play  a  large  part  in  the 
successful  launching  of  these 
schemes,  with  which  he  had 
been  associated  from  their 
inception,  and  it  was  solely  owing  to  the  appreciation  of  his  labours  in 
this  direction  that  Lord  Minto's  Government  rewarded  his  services  to  India 
by  a  Knighthood  in  1910. 

Sir  Dorabji,  who  is  also  a  graduate  of  the  Bombay  University,  received 
his  early  education  at  Caius  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  found  an  opportunity 
of  indulging  in  various  forms  of  British  sport,  of  which  he  is  very  fond.  He 
represented  his  College  in  the  cricket  and  football  field,  as  well  as  on  the 


Elliott  f-  Frr. 


SIR    HORAKJI    J.    TATA. 


220 


BRITISH    INDIA 


river  and  the  running  path,  and  in  spite  of  the  cares  of  increasing  business 
still  keeps  up  his  riding  and  lawn  tennis.  Some  twenty  years  ago  he 
performed  a  notable  feat  of  endurance  by  riding  on  horseback  from  Bombay 
to  Poona,  a  distance  of  120  miles,  in  eleven  hours,  changing  ponies  every 
ten  miles. 

In  1898  he  married  Mehrbai,   daughter  of  H.    J.    Bhabha,    Esq.,    the 
head  of   the  Educational  Department  of  the  Mysore  State.      Lady    Tata 
shares   her   husband's   enthusiasm    for    sport,    and   is    fond    of    riding    and 
tennis,  and    is  very  popular  in 
society    in  Bombay,   where  she 
entertains     largely,     and    in 
London,    which    she  visits   fre- 
quently with   her    husband, 
with   whom    she    has    travelled 
a  good   deal. 

Sir  Dorabji  and  Lady  Tata 
were  honoured  with  invitations 
to  all  State  functions  at  the 
Coronation,  and  were  also  the 
guests  of  the  Government  of 
Bombay  at  Delhi  on  the 
occasion  of  the  Imperial  Royal 
Durbar  in  December,  1911, 
when  Sir  Dorabji  was  selected 
by  the  Government  to  do 
homage  to  the  King-Emperor 
as  a  provincial  representative, 

while  Lady  Tata  had  the  honour  of  being  one  of  the  ladies  who  made  a 
presentation  of  jewels  to  Her  Highness  The  Queen-Empress  on  behalf  of 
the  ladies  of  India. 

Sir  Dorabji  is  a  member  of  the  M.C.C.,  the  Queen's  Club,  the  Phyllis 
Court  Club,  and  the  Western  India  Turf  Club  in  Bombay,  besides  several 
social  clubs  in  this  countrv  and  India.  He  is  also  a  Vice-President  of  the 


LADY    TATA. 


221 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Parsee  Gymkhana,   which  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  founding  along 
with  one  or  two  other  social  clubs. 

Residences  :     Esplanade  House,   Bombay ;    Gladhurst,     Poona ;    and 
Harewood  House,  Hanover  Square,  London. 


'"THE  RIGHT  REV.  ARTHUR  ACHESOX- WILLIAMS,  Bishop  of  TINNEVELLY 
AND  MADURA,  was  born  in  1846,  his  father  being  the  Rev.  W. 

R.  Williams,  of  St.  Mary's,  Newry,  and  Chaplain  to  the  Forces.  He  was 

educated  at  Newry  Collegiate 
School,  Derby  Grammar 
School,  and  at  Trinity  Coll- 
ege, Dublin,  taking  B.A. 
(Resp.)  and  the  Divinity 
Testimonium  in  1870,  pro- 
ceeding M.A.  in  1875  and 
B.I),  and  D.D.  (Jure  Dig.) 
in  1904.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Senate  of  his  College. 
Made  deacon  in  1870  and 
ordained  priest  in  1871,  he 
served  in  turn  in  curacies  at 
Bromley,  in  Kent,  and  at  St. 
John's,  Penge,  and  going 
out  to  India  as  Chaplain  on 
the  Madras  Ecclesiastical 
Establishment,  he  did  duty 
in  that  capacity  at  St. 
George's,  Madura,  and  in 
1881-3  was  engaged  at 
vSt.  George's  Cathedral, 

Madras,   and    also   held    the    Chaplaincy    of    the    Military    Female  Orphan 

Asylum.    Awarded   distinction  for  high   proficiency   in  Tamil   in    1884,    he 


THIC   RT.   REV.   THE   BISHOP   OF  TINNEVELLY. 


222 


BRITISH    INDIA 

served  in  turn  at  Bellary ;  Vellore  ;  Trichinopoly ;  St.  Mark's,  Bangalore ; 
and  at  Ootacamund,  being  Chaplain  to  the  Nilgiri  Volunteer  Rifles  from 
1892  to  1894.  Following  on  work  at  Vellore  and  Bolarum,  he  returned 
to  the  Cathedral,  and  in  1900  was  appointed  Archdeacon  of  Madras  and 
Bishop's  Commissary.  He  edited  the  Madras  Diocesan  Record  from 
1896  to  1900,  and  from  1898  to  1904  was  Chaplain  to  the  Madras 
Volunteer  Guards. 

On  the  2nd  February,  1905,  Dr.  Acheson- Williams  was  consecrated  Bishop 
of  Tinnevelly  and  Madura,  a  see  established  in  1896.  The  ceremony  took  place 
in  Madras  Cathedral,  the  consecrating  prelates  being  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta, 
Metropolitan  of  India,  and  the  Bishops  of  Madras,  Bombay,  and  Nagpur. 
The  districts  of  Tinnevelly  and  Madura  are  each  about  the  size  of  Yorkshire, 
and  have  an  area  of  some  5,000  square  miles.  The  population  is  about  5^ 
millions,  with  a  flourishing  Christian  community  of  some  100,000,  with  over  a 
hundred  clergy.  The  Bishop,  who  is  a  Fellow  of  the  University  of  Madras, 
resides  at  Bishopstowe,  Palamcottah,  Tinnevelly. 


/CAPTAIN  THE  HONOURABLE  MALIK  UMAR  HAY  AT  KHAN,  TIWANA, 
\^i 

C.I.E.,   M.V.O.,  comes  of   a  distinguished  family  which  has  served  the 

Government  since  the  commencement  of  British  rule  in  India,  its  chiefs  bearing 
a  gallant  part  in  the  Multan  campaign  of  1848,  and  also  in  the  terrible  days  of 
the  Mutiny  in  1857,  an(i  winning  lands,  distinctions,  decorations,  and  honour- 
able pensions.  Malik  Umar  Hayat  Khan  was  born  about  1875.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  not  four  years  old,  and  the  family  estate,  a  rich  and  fertile 
one,  was  brought  under  the  control  of  the  Court  of  Wards.  The  young 
heir  was  in  due  time  provided  with  a  tutor  of  Edinburgh  University,  and 
brought  up  according  to  English  ways  of  living.  He  had  a  distinguished  career 
at  the  Chief's  College,  excelling  in  athletics  as  well  as  in  more  sober  studies, 
with  the  very  best  results  when,  his  estates  released  from  the  Court  of  Wards, 
he  formally  entered  upon  their  control  and  management.  By  wise  rule  and 
high  personal  influence  he  practically  put  an  end  to  crime  in  his  Ilaka,  and 
was  always  ready  to  assist  the  Government  in  the  preservation  of  law  and 

223 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


order.  To  serious  cases  he  gave  direct  personal  attention,  and  was  the  only 
man  in  his  district  told  off  for  duty  at  the  time  of  the  Rawalpindi  and  other 
riots  in  the  Punjab.  In  every  position,  as  a  magistrate  and  in  all  official  rela- 
tions, he  pursued  an  enlightened  policy,  founding  at  no  small  cost  a  free 
school,  a  charitable  dis- 
pensary, and  a  veterinary 
hospital,  and  continually 
sought  the  welfare  of  his 
people  without  distinction 
of  caste  or  creed.  A  splen- 
did sportsman,  he  revived 
the  old  manly  games  of  his 
people,  and  the  Tiwana 
tent-pegging  and  polo 
teams  were  famous 
throughout  the  Punjab, 
while  he  has  for  a  long 
time  maintained  the  best 
and  largest  stud  of  horses 
as  a  private  owner  in  the 
district.  Two  Lieutenant- 
Governors  and  various  high 
officials  have  borne  testi- 
mony to  his  services  in  this 
connection,  especially  in 
the  matter  of  remounts, 
and  his  patriotic  example 
in  this  respect  was  the 

means  of  encouraging  other  owners  in  the  district  to  do  likewise.  It  may  be 
mentioned  here  that  his  father  raised  a  Tiwana  Horse  which  served  through 
the  Mutiny,  great  part  of  which  was  taken  over  by  Lord  Napier  of  Magdala 
as  his  bodyguard,  and  which  now  bears  the  name  of  the  i8th  Tiwana  Lancers. 
Malik  Utnar  Hayat  Khan  has  received  two  certificates  from  the  Supreme 


CAPTAIN  THK  HON.  MALIK   U1IAR  HAYAT  KHAN. 


224 


BRITISH    INDIA 

Government,  one  for  successful  horse-breeding,  and  the  other  for  improve- 
ments in  agriculture  and  for  the  assistance  he  has  rendered  the  district  authori- 
ties. He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Punjab  Council,  and  was  indeed 
the  youngest  member  ever  appointed  to  that  body.  He  is  a  leading  official 
of  most  of  the  Mahomedan  organisations  and  was  chosen  to  represent 
his  co-religionists  of  the  Punjab  on  many  important  occasions.  In  every  way 
he  possesses  their  confidence,  and  the  system  of  marriage  registration  he 
introduced  among  them  was  the  means  of  ending  many  abuses  and  has  since 
been  adopted  in  other  districts. 

Malik  Umar  Hayat  Khan  was  also  appointed  to  the  Imperial  Council, 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  was  one  of  the  youngest  non-official  members. 
He  would  probably  have  attended  the  Coronation  of  the  late  King  Edward, 
but  that  at  the  same  time  his  application  for  service  in  connection  with  the 
South  African  war  was  under  consideration.  At  the  outbreak  of  that 
trouble  he  had  offered  the  Government  his  horses,  a  generous  and  loyal  act  of 
devotion  which  was  highly  appreciated,  although  it  could  not  be  accepted,  but, 
nothing  daunted,  he  renewed  his  application,  and  had  not  peace  been  declared 
he  would  most  likely  have  gone  out  with  the  native  contingent  under  Colonel 
Gordon.  For  his  services  in  connection  with  the  Tiwana  Lancers  he  was  in 
1901  made  lieutenant,  and  subsequently  saw  service  with  the  54th  Camel 
Corps  in  Somaliland,  where  his  capacity  for  hard  work  and  his  power  of  en- 
durance under  most  exacting  circumstances  brought  him  into  prominence. 
He  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Gidbali  and  other  engagements,  and  his 
services  during  the  trying  marches  led  to  his  being  retained  as  an  officer  in  the 
British  Mounted  Infantry.  Returning  from  Somaliland  he  was  sent  to  Tibet 
and  did  splendid  work  in  connection  with  the  transport  service,  and  on  his 
return  was  taken  with  the  headquarters  staff  to  Calcutta  and  presented  to 
Lord  Kitchener.  The  Order  of  the  Indian  Empire  was  the  reward  of  his 
services  in  the  Army. 

His  loyal  work  as  a  sturdy  supporter  of  the  Government  was  recognised 
by  his  selection  as  a  representative  of  the  Punjab  at  the  Coronation  of  King 
George,  and  he  went  to  England  with  the  Indian  Coronation  contingent, 
in  which  he  was  the  senior  Indian  officer  with  British  rank.  He  was  gazetted 

225 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

captain  the  ijih  July,  1911,  as  a  Coronation  honour,  and  specially  commended 
by  the  Officer  commanding  the  contingent  for  his  good  work  in  connection  with 
it  at  Hampton  Court.  On  his  return  he  was  selected  for  the  unique  dignity, 
unprecedented  in  the  history  of  India,  of  Deputy-Herald  at  the  Delhi  Durbar, 
where  he  was  decorated  with  the  Royal  Victorian  Order  by  the  King's  own 
hands,  and  also  given  a  baton  by  the  Imperial  Government.  He  was  pre- 
sented to  His  Majesty  at  Calcutta,  and  while  His  Majesty  only  shook  hands 
with  the  members  of  the  Viceroy's  Council,  an  exceptional  honour  was  done 
Captain  Malik  Umar  Hayat  Khan  by  His  Majesty's  appreciative  words,  "  I 
know  him  well." 


T  IEUTENANT-COLONKL  T.  Y.  WRIGHT,  who  was  the  Officer  in  Command 
of  the  Ceylon  Coronation  Contingent  at  Their  Majesties'  Coronation, 

was  born  on  the  27th  January,  1869,  at  Tyldesley,  Lancashire,  and  in 

1880  he  entered  the  Edinburgh 
Academy,  afterwards  complet- 
ing his  education  at  a  private 
school  at  Stratford-on-Avon. 
In  the  end  of  1888  he  left 
England  to  take  up  planting 
in  Ceylon,  and  shortly  after 
his  arrival  there,  on  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Ceylon  Mounted 
Infantry,  he  joined  that  corps 
as  a  trooper,  and  in  1900 
served  with  his  company  in 
the  South  African  war,  but, 
being  invalided,  he  returned  to 
Ceylon,  joined  the  Ceylon 
Planters'  Rifle  Corps,  and  again 

went  to  South  Africa  with  the 

"*  """""'iJKm-f-coLONEL  T.  y.  WRIGHT.  Second  Ceylon  Contingent.  On 


226 


BRITISH    INDIA 

his  return  to  Ceylon  after  the  termination  of  the  war,  he  was  gazetted  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel in  command  of  the  corps,  which  command  he  has  held  since 
1905. 

He  resides  at  Galphele  Estate,  Wattegama,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Hill  Club,  Newera  Eliya,  the  Kandy  Club,  the  Colombo  Club,  the  Princes' 
Club,  in  Ceylon,  as  well  as  of  the  Badminton  and  the  New  Clubs  in 
London. 


227 


THE    FAR    EAST 


III 


THE  STRAITS  SETTLEMENTS 

THE  FEDERATED  MALAY  STATES 

AND  HONG  KONG. 

(CAPTAIN  J.  H.  W.  ARMSTRONG,  of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteers,  has  found 
rapid  and  meritorious  promotion  in  that  corps.  Joining  the  force  as 
a  gunner  on  the  25th  January,  1893,  he  became  Corporal  in  July,  1895,  and 
Sergeant  in  January,  1897  ; 
was  gazetted  lieutenant  in 
May,  1899,  and  obtained  his 
Captaincy  in  October,  1903, 
the  rank  which  he  at  present 
holds.  He  is  now  senior 
Captain  in  the  corps. 

Captain  Armstrong  has  had 
the  distinguished  duty  of  acting 
as  Honorary  Aide-de-Camp  to 
three  successive  Governors  of 
Hong  Kong  ;  firstly  to  H.E. 
Sir  Matthew  Nathan,  during 
1904-1907,  then  to  Sir  Henry 
May,  the  officer  administering 
the  Government  in  1907,  and 
thereafter  to  H.E.  Sir  Frederick 
L,ugard  until  November,  1909. 
He  attended  not  only  the  Coronation  of  King  George,  but  was  present 
at  that  of  King  Edward  VII.,  as  one  of  the  contingent  representing  the 
Hong  Kong  Volunteer  Corps. 


thiuii  Sftrcoscofric  Co. 
CAPTAIN    J.    H.   W.    ARMSTRONG. 


22CJ 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Captain  Armstrong  is  of  Scotch  descent,  but  was  born  in  Hong 
Kong  on  the  8th  October,  1876.  He  is  a  member  of  the  well-known 
Eastern  firm  of  Messrs.  Butterfield  &  Swire,  and  is  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  Colony. 


LIEUTENANT   FRANK   YOUNGER    BLAIR,    of    the    Singapore     Volunteer 

Artillery,   was  a  private  in  the  Blairlodge  School  Cadet  Corps  (Glasgow 

Highlanders)  from  1893  till  1896.    On  joining  the  service  of  the  well-known 

firm  of  Messrs.  Boustead  &  Co.,  in  the  Straits  Settlements,  he  became  attached 

to  the  Singapore 
Volunteer  Rifles  on 
the  28th  February, 
1900,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank 
of  Lance  -  Corporal 
in  1902,  but  this 
corps  was  dis- 
banded in  1903. 
After  serving  for  a 
time  during  home 
leave  as  a  trooper 
in  the  Fife  and 
Forfar  Imperial 
Yeomanry  in  1906, 
Lieutenant  Blair 
joined  the  Singa- 
pore Volunteer 
Artillery  in  March, 

1908,  being  promoted  to  Bombardier  in  March,  1909,  Sergeant  in  April, 
1910,  Second  Lieutenant  in  March,  1911,  and  Lieutenant  in  March,  1912, 
and  accompanied  the  contingent  at  Their  Majesties'  Coronation  as  one  of 
the  representatives  of  the  Colony. 


LIEUTENANT  F.    V.    BLAIR. 


230 


THE    FAR    EAST 


T    IEUTENANT-COLOXEL   ARTHUR  CHAPMAN,  V.D.,  J.P.,  Commandant  of 
the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer  Corps,  has  done  much  service  in  connection 
with  the   Volunteer   movement   in   that  Colony. 

He  was  born  in  York  on  the  ist  December,  1861.  In  1877  he 
became  a  member  of  the  ist  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire  Royal  Garrison 
Artillery  Volunteers,  and  remained  in  this  Corps  till  1889,  in  which 
year  he  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Rates  to  the  Government  of  Hong 
Kong.  He  joined  the  Hong 
Kong  Volunteer  Corps  in 
March,  1893;  became  Lieut- 
enant in  the  same  year; 
was  promoted  to  Captain  in 
1897 ;  Major  Second  in  Com- 
mand in  1899;  and  Lieutenant  - 
Colonel  Commandant  in  1907. 
He  was  in  command  of  the 
Volunteer  Force  during  the 
disturbances  of  1899,  follow- 
ing the  annexation  of  the  New 
Territories  in  the  Kwang-Tung 
Province. 

For  services  rendered  dur- 
ing the  Plague  epidemic  of 
1894  he  received  a  letter  of 
thanks  and  a  Medal  from  the 
community  of  Hong  Kong. 

He  holds  the  Colonial  Auxiliary  Forces  Long-Service  Medal,  and  Officers' 
Decoration  (V.D.).  In  1894  he  was  made  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
the  Colony. 

Colonel  Chapman  was  in  command  of  the  Hong  Kong  and  China 
contingent  at  the  Coronation  of  His  Majesty  King  Edward  VII.,  in  1902, 
and  also  of  the  contingent  of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer  Corps  at  the 
Coronation  of  King  George  V. 


UUUTKXAXT-COLOXnL    A.    CHAPMAN,   V.D.,  J.P. 


231 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


K  MOHAMMAD  HASSAN,   Chamberlain  to  His  Highness  the  »Sultan  of 
Kedah,  was  born  on  the  I3th  July,  1864,  and  is  the  eldest  son  of  Che 

Mohammad   Arshad,    Private   Secretary   to    His    Highness   Sultan   Ahmed 

Tajudin  Mukaramsha,  father  of 
the  present  Sultan.  In  1873 
he  commenced  his  education 

with,    and    was    a    schoolmate 

of,  His  Highness  the  Sultan  of 
Kedah  throughout  the  latter 's 
scholastic  career,  and  after 
several  years  of  instruction 
he  completed  his  educational 
course,  qualifying  in  Malay, 
and  is  now  an  accomplished 
writer.  In  1881  he  was 
appointed  attendant  to  His 
Highness  the  Sultan  of  Kedah, 
and  was  also  appointed 
Chamberlain  and  was  companion 
to  His  Highness  in  the  sub- 
sequent travels  of  the  latter 
in  1884.  In  1900  he  became 
Chieftain  of  eleven  mukims 
(divisions  of  a  district),  and 
in  1910  was  made  Guardian 
of  the  Istanas  and  the  Keeper 
of  the  Regalia,  and  he  still 
holds  the  appointment  which 

was  conferred  on  him  then.       He  married  in  1883,  and  has  one  son,  Che 

Mohammad    Murad,    born    in    1884,    who    now    occupies    the    position    of 

Private  Secretary  to  the  present  Sultan. 

Che  Mohammad  Hassan  came  to  England  with,  and  was  attendant  in, 

the  suite  of  His  Highness  the  Sultan  of  Kedah  during  the  festivities  of  the 


CHK    MOHAMMAD     HASSAN. 


2J2 


THE    FAR    EAST 

Coronation,     and  witnessed  with  them   the  ceremony  of   the  crowning   of 
King  George  and  Queen  Mary  at  Westminster  Abbey. 
He  resides  at  Alor  Star,  Kedah. 


CAPTAIN  GEORGE  1». 
LAMMERT  has  been  asso- 
ciated with  the  Hong  Kong 
Volunteer  Artillery  since  the 
year  1884,  when  he  first 
joined  the  corps.  He  gave  up 
active  service  for  a  period  in 
1889,  during  which  time  he 
was  an  Honorary  Member,  but 
rejoined  in  1894,  and  has  been 
in  the  corps  ever  since  that 
year.  He  received  his  Com- 
mission on  the  nth  July,  1901, 
and  was  promoted  to  his 
present  rank  on  the  I7th  July, 
1905.  He  holds  the  Long- 
Service  Medal,  which  he  re- 
ceived in  April,  1911,  and  was 

one  of  the  many  popular  members  of  the  contingent  which  represented  the 
Colony  of  Hong  Kong  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George. 


CAPTAIN   G.    P.    LAMMERT. 


CAPTAIN  H.  ROLAND  LLEWELLYN'  was  born  on  the  soth  July,  1873,  and  is 
the  son  of  the  late  William  Llewellyn,  Esq.,  of  Bromsgrove,  Worcester- 
shire.    He  was  educated  at  Bromsgrove  School. 

He  served  with  the  Queen's  Own  Worcestershire  Hussars  in  the  South 
African  war  from  1899  to  1901  in  the  Imperial  Yeomanry  (which  Brigade 
was  under  fire  some  ninety-five  times),  under  Major-General  Lord  Chesham, 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


with  Lord  Methuen's  Column, 
and  holds  the  Queen's  Medal 
with  four  Clasps,  which  he  re- 
ceived from  King  Edward  VII. 
on  the  Horse  Guards  Parade. 

In  1904  Captain  Llewellyn 
went  to  Singapore,  where  he  is 
a  chartered  accountant  and 
a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Derrick  &  Co. 

Captain  Llewellyn  command- 
ed the  Singapore  Coronation 
contingent  at  Their  Majesties' 
Coronation,  and  received  the 
Coronation  Medal  from  King 
George  at  Buckingham  Palace. 


LIEUTENANT     H.     MILLARD. 


CAPTAIN  H.  R.  LLEWELLYN. 


J^IEUTENANT  HAROLD 
MILLARD,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  Reverend 
Frederick  Millard,  British 
Chaplain  at  Havre,  France, 
was  born  on  the  23rd  May, 
1874,  in  Slough,  Bucking- 
hamshire. He  was  educated 
and  articled  in  Liverpool, 
qualified  as  a  solicitor  in 
1899,  and  in  May,  1903, 
left  England  to  join  the 


234 


THE     FAR     EAST 


legal  firm  of  Messrs.  Donaldson  and  Burkinshaw,  of  Singapore.  He  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Straits  Settlements 
and  of  the  Federated  Malay  States,  and  Notary  Public.  During  his 
residence  in  Singapore  he  has  held  the  offices  of  Honorary  Secretary  of 
the  Singapore  Bar  Committee,  the  Straits  Settlements  Association,  and 
the  King  Edward  VII.  Memorial  Fund. 

Lieutenant  Millard  joined  the  ist  Volunteer  Battalion  of  the  Cheshire 
Regiment,  as  a  private,  in  August,  1894,  and  was  promoted  to  sergeant  in 
1895.  He  was  gazetted  2nd  Lieutenant  of  the  Singapore  Volunteer  Infantry, 

the  20th  April,  1905,  and  was  appointed 
Lieutenant  in  July,  1906.  In  1907  he 
successfully  passed  his  examination  at 
the  School  of  Instruction,  Chelsea 
Barracks,  being  awarded  the  special 
certificate.  He  attended  the  Coronation 
in  1911  as  one  of  the  representatives  of 
the  Straits  Settlements. 


A  PTAIX  MOWBRAY  STAFFORD 
XORTHCOTE,  of  the  Hong  Kong 
Volunteers,  was  bom  on  the  22nd  October, 
1860,  and  joined  the  13th  Middlesex 
Rifles  at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  He 
carried  his  love  of  volunteering  with  him 
to  the  Far  East,  and  in  1897  became 
a  member  of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer 
Corps.  He  was  gazetted  Lieutenant 
in  1902  and  Captain  in  1910,  and  in 
the  following  year  accompanied 
his  contingent  as  one  of  the  Colonial 
representatives  at  the  Coronation 
ceremonies. 


CAPTAIN  M.  S.  NORTHCOTE. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE     EMPIRE 


D  A.TAH  ABDUL  RASHID  is  the  fifth  son  of  His  Highness  the  Sultan  of  Perak 
(being  the  second  son  of  the  Rajah  Permaisuri,  who  accompanied  His 
Highness  the  Sultan  to  England).  He  was  born  in  1889  in  Bukit  Chandan, 
and  educated  at  the  Central  School, 
Taiping,  and  at  the  Malay  Residential 
School,  Kuala  Kangsar.  In  1908  he 
was  attached  to  the  Secretariat, 
Kuala  Lumpur,  as  a  Malay  cadet, 
and  eight  months  later  was  trans- 
ferred to  Jelebu  in  Negri  Sembilan, 
and  then  to  Matang,  where  he 
became  Assistant  Collector  of  Land 
Revenue.  In  1910  he  was  appointed 
Aide-de-Camp  to  his  father,  the 
Sultan,  whom  he  accompanied  to 
England  to  attend  the  Coronation  of 
His  Majesty  King  George  V.  In 
1908  he  married  his  cousin,  Rajah 
Zubidah,  eldest  daughter  of  H.H. 
Rajah  Ahmad,  the  younger  brother  of  His  Highness  the  .Sultan  of 
Perak.  He  is  fond  of  sport,  plays  a  good  game  of  football  and  tennis, 
and  is  also  a  good  rider.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Turf  and  other  clubs 
in  Perak. 


RAJ  All     ABDUL    RASHID. 


ID  AJAH  HARUN-AL-RASHID,  born  in  1883,  is  the  fourth  son  of  His 
Highness  the  Sultan  of  Perak  (being  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rajah 
Permaisuri,  who  accompanied  His  Highness  the  Sultan  to  England). 
He  was  educated  at  the  Central  English  School  at  Taiping,  and  also 
privately,  and  is  well  versed  in  Mahomedan  literature.  He  was 
appointed  Aide-de-Camp  to  his  father  in  1907,  and  Malay  Secretary  in 
1910,  and  accompanied  him  to  England  in  1911,  on  the  occasion  of  the 


236 


THE    FAR    EAST 


Coronation  of  His  Majesty   King   George.     He   is   a   member   of 

and  other   Clubs   in   Perak,  and    Vice-President   of  the    "  Kastan 

Club,   Kuala  Kangsar.     He  is  a  keen 

motorist,    a    good   rider   and    football 

player,     and    was     Captain     of     the 

"Kastan     Zorian"     Club     Football 

Team.      He    has    been    instrumental, 

through  his  advice,  in  inducing  Malay 

agriculturists    to    plant    rubber,     and 

is  himself  the  owner  of  several  blocks 

of  rubber  land. 


the   Turf 
Zorian  " 


RAJAH     HARUN-AL-RASHID. 


TIEUTENANT  WILLIAM  RUSSELL, 

of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer 
Corps,  was  born  in  Wigtownshire, 
vScotland,  and  is  the  son  of  the  late 
James  Russell,  Esq.,  of  Clauchrie. 
His  first  service  was  with  the 
Renfrewshire  and  Dumbartonshire 
Artillery,  with  which  he  did  duty 
for  a  period  of  four  years.  Going 
out  to  China  in  the  earlier  stages 
of  the  Boxer  rising  he  joined  the 
Naval  Brigade  raised  in  Shanghai  by  a  few  enthusiastic  volunteers,  and  held 
the  rank  of  Chief  Petty  Officer  in  the  company  until  it  was  merged  into  the 


LIEUTENANT   W.    RUSSELL. 


237 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Shanghai  Volunteers.  For  meritorious  service  at  this  trying  time  he  was 
awarded  the  China  Medal,  and  in  addition  a  Transport  Medal  for  carrying 
troops  to  North  China.  In  1904  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Government 
Marine  Surveyor  in  Hong  Kong,  and  was  given  a  Commission  as  Second, 
lieutenant  in  the  Engineer  Company  of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer  Corps.  He 
was  gazetted  lieutenant  in  the  following  year,  and  was  one  of  the  officers 
selected  to  represent  Hong  Kong  at  the  Coronation  of  His  Majesty  King 
George  V.  His  Volunteer  service  aggregates  ten  years,  and  at  the  present 
time  he  has  the  honour  to  command  the  Engineer  Company  in  Hong  Kong. 


HPHE     RIGHT    REV.    CHARLES 
JAMES    FERGUSON-DAVIE, 

Bishop  of  Singapore,  was  born 
on  the  i6th  March,  1872,  in 
Yelverton,  in  Norfolk,  where  his 
father  was  Rector.  He  was 
educated  at  Marlborough,  and  at 
Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  and  went 
to  the  Leeds  Clergy  School.  He 
was  ordained  Deacon  in  1896 
and  Priest  in  1898,  was  Curate  at 
St.  Paul's,  Preston,  for  three 
years,  and  then  went  to  India 
as  Domestic  Chaplain  to  the 
Bishop  of  L,ahore.  In  1902  he 
married  a  daughter  of  Prof.  E. 
Hull,  lyly.D.,  and  worked  from 
that  time  till  1909  as  a  Mission- 
ary under  the  S.P.G.,  first  at 
Rewari  and  then  at  Rawal 
Pindi,  both  in  the  Lahore 
Diocese.  On  St.  Bartholomew's 


Elliott  &•  Fry. 
THE  RT.  REV.   THE  BISHOP  OF  SINGAPORE. 


238 


THE    FAR    EAST 

Day,  1909,  he  was  consecrated  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  by  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  to  the  Diocese  of  Singapore,  which  includes  the 
Malay  Peninsula  and  the  British  communities  in  Siam,  Java,  and  Sumatra. 
The  Bishop  is  well  known  as  a  rifle  shot  and  won  the  King's  Silver 
Medal  at  Bisley  in  1904. 


HPHE  HONOURABLE  TAN  JIAK  KIM,  C.M.G.,  of  Singapore,  was  born  in  that 

town  on  the  2gth  April,  1859,  of  parents  who  were  British  subjects,  born 

in  Malacca,  and  was  educated  at  a  private  Chinese  school  and  an  English 

school  in  Singapore.     He  is  an  unofficial  member  of  the  Legislative  Council 

of  the  Colony  of  the  Straits  Settle- 
ments, and  is  a  Justice  of  the  Peace ; 
a  member  of  the  Chinese  Advisory 
Board  of  Singapore  ;  a  member 
of  the  Committee  of  Tan  Took 
Seng's  Hospital,  and  a  member 
of  various  School  Boards.  He 
has  also  served  several  terms  as 
Municipal  Commissioner,  and  has 
sat  on  numerous  Commissions  of 
Enquiry.  In  1890  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  unofficial  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council,  but 
resigned  in  November,  1893.  He 
was  subsequently  re-elected  on 
the  loth  April,  1903,  to  the 
position,  which  he  has  occupied 


The  Louden  Stereoscopic  Co. 

THE     HON.     TAN     JIAK     KIM,     C.M.O. 


the 


ever     since,      and     is     now 
recognized   leader  of   the    Chinese    community    in    the    Colony. 

In  1911  Mr.  Tan  Jiak  Kim  came  to  England,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
to  represent  Singapore  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  and  Queen  Mary, 
when  they  were  presented  to  Their  Majesties  at  Buckingham  Palace,  and  he 


239 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

has  since  been  the  recipient  of  the  Order  of  C.M.G.,  in  recognition  of  the 
public  services  he  has  rendered  to  the  Colony. 

He  is  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Kim  Seng  &  Co.,  which  was  founded 
by  his  late  grandfather  some  sixty  years  ago.  He  resides  at  Panglima  Prang, 
River  Valley  Road,  Singapore. 


CAPTAIN  GERALD  GEORGE  WOOD,  of  the  Hong  Kong  Volunteer  Corps, 

was  born  the  8th  April,  1881,  in  Brandon,  Suffolk,  and  is  the  eldest 
son  of  George  Wood,  Esq.,  of  Bran- 
don (J.P.  for  North- West  Suffolk), 
and  Annie,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
George  Gates,  Esq.,  of  Sapiston 
Grange,  in  the  same  county.  He 
was  educated  at  Thetford  and 
Wellingborough  Grammar  Schools, 
and  afterwards  trained  as  a  civil 
engineer  under  John  Wilson,  Esq., 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Great 
Eastern  Railway.  He  commenced 
military  service  in  the  3rd 
Volunteer  Battalion  of  the  Essex 
Regiment  as  2nd  lieutenant  in 
1899,  and  after  passing  the 
Chelsea  School  of  Instruction, 
was  promoted  to  ist  Lieutenant 
in  1901.  He  was  then  attached 
to  the  2nd  Battalion  of  the 
Norfolk  Regiment  from  1901  to  CAPTAIN  G.  o.  WOOD. 

1903,  and  soon  after,  on  rejoining 

his  own  regiment,  was  gazetted  Captain  n  1904.  In  the  year  follow- 
ing he  went  to  Hong  Kong,  where  he  became  attached  to  the  Hong 
Kong  Volunteer  Corps,  and  in  1907  was  transferred,  as  Captain,  to  the 


240 


THE    FAR    EAST 

then  newly-formed  Infantry  Company,  which  command  he  now  holds.  In 
1909  he  was  appointed  Honorary  Aide-de-Camp  to  His  Excellency  the 
Governor,  Sir  Frederick  I^ugard,  and  attended  the  Coronation  as  one  of  the 
contingent  representing  Hong  Kong. 


241 


AUSTRALIA    AND     NEW    ZEALAND 


IV 


AUSTRALIA     AND     NEW     ZEALAND. 


JV/TAJOR  THE  HONOURABLE  RICHARD  ARMSTRONG  CROUCH,  son  of 
George  Crouch  Esq.,  was  born  in  Ballarat,  Victoria,  on  the  igth  June, 
1869.  He  was  educated  at  Mount  Pleasant  School  and  Melbourne  University 
(Bowen  Prizeman,  Chief  Jus- 
tice's lyaw  Prize).  He  is  a 
life  member  of  the  Australian 
Natives  Association ;  member 
of  the  Royal  Geographical 
Society  of  Australia ;  member 
of  the  Executive  Imperial 
Federation  L,eague  of  Australia ; 
Chairman  of  the  Melbourne 
Co-operative  Trust ;  Chairman 
of  the  National  Provident  L,ife 
Assurance  Company,  and  Pre- 
sident of  the  Sefton  Public 
Hospital.  He  has  sat  as 
Member  for  the  constituency 
of  Corio  in  the  Common- 
wealth Parliament  since  1901, 
is  Commanding  Officer  of  the 
56th  Australian  Infantry 
(headquarters,  Melbourne),  and  represented  his  regiment  at  the 
Coronation  of  Their  Majesties.  He  is  also  a  writer  and  contributes 
largely  to  various  publications. 


MAJOR    THE    HOX.     K.    A.    CROUCH. 


243 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

E  RIGHT  HONOURABLE  SIR  JOSEPH  GEORGE  WARD,  BART.,  P.C., 
LL.D.,  K.C.M.G.,  PRIME  MINISTER  OF  NEW  ZEALAND,  was  born  in 
Victoria  on  the  26th  April,  1856,  at  Emerald  Hill,  Melbourne.  He  was  educated 
privately  in  Melbourne,  and  at  the  State  School  at  Campbelltown,  N.Z., 
whither  he  removed  with  his  parents.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  years  he  entered 
the  New  Zealand  Post  and  Telegraph  Department,  which  he  afterwards  left 
to  join  a  merchant's  office.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  joined  the  Railway 
Department,  but  a  year  later  relinquished  the  public  service  in  order  to  enter 
into  business  on  his  own  account  as  an  export  merchant.  He  was  for  years 
Captain  of  the  Bluff  Naval  Company  of  Volunteers,  and  offered  his  own 
and  his  company's  services  in  the  Maori  war.  He  is  a  Colonel  of  the 
New  Zealand  Territorials,  and  as  Minister  of  Defence  introduced  and 
carried  through  Parliament  the  law  for  the  Establishment  of  Universal 
Military  Training. 

His  entry  into  public  life  was  as  one  of  the  first  Councillors  of  the  borough 
of  Campbelltown  in  February,  1878,  and  in  1881  he  was  elected  Mayor,  which 
office  he  held  for  five  years.  After  acting  as  a  member  and  Chairman  of  the 
Bluff  Harbour  Board,  as  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  in  other 
public  positions,  he  contested  and  won  the  Awarua  seat  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1887.  He  has  been  continuously 
returned  for  the  same  constituency,  which  he  still  represents  in  Parliament. 

After  sitting  for  three  years  as  a  private  Member  he  accepted  the 
portfolios  of  Postmaster-General  and  Minister  of  Telegraphs  in  1891,  on  the 
return  of  the  Liberal  Party  to  power.  He  subsequently  held  the  port- 
folios of  Minister  of  Finance,  Minister  of  Marine,  Colonial  Secretary,  Minister 
of  Industries  and  Commerce,  Postmaster-General  and  Minister  of  Telegraphs, 
and  Minister  of  Public  Health,  in  the  late  Mr.  Seddon's  Cabinet,  and 
on  the  decease  of  that  gentleman  in  1906  assumed  the  office  of  Prime 
Minister,  taking  the  portfolios  of  Finance,  Lands,  Defence  and  Post  and 
Telegraph.  He  has  effected  many  reforms  in  the  Departments  which  have 
been  under  his  control,  principal  among  which  is  the  Post  and  Telegraph 
Department.  By  persistent  advocacy  he  achieved  universal  penny  postage 
for  New  Zealand  in  1901,  and  received  special  recognition  as  K.C.M.G. 

244 


AUSTRALIA    AND    NEW    ZEALAND 


He  was  the  first  to  advocate  an  All- Red  Cable  Service,  which  would  create 
an  electric  girdle  round  the  world,  and  was  the  first  Minister  of  Public 
Health  in  the  world.  On  his  initiative  the  Advances  to  Settlers  and  Workers 
Office  was  established,  by  which  over  £15,000,000  has  been  advanced,  and 
the  remarkably  successful  working  of  the  office  may  be  judged  by  the 
fact  that  the  total  loss  made  since  its  inception  is  less  than  £250. 

He  has  represented 
New  Zealand  at  many 
Postal  and  other  Confer- 
ences. He  was  New 
Zealand's  delegate  at  the 
Imperial  Conference  of 
1907,  and  also  at  the 
Imperial  Defence  Con- 
ference in  London  in  1909, 
at  which  he  secured  re- 
cognition of  New  Zealand 
as  a  "  Dominion,"  as 
distinct  from  a  self-govern- 
ing Colony.  Sir  Joseph  has 
received  the  freedom  of 
the  cities  of  London, 
Edinburgh,  Bristol,  Man- 
chester and  Glasgow,  and 
has  had  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  of 
Edinburgh  LTniversity  and 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
D.C.L.  Oxford,  and  LL.D. 
of  Glasgow,  Cambridge  and  Birmingham. 
1907. 

In  1908,  on  behalf  of  the  Government  and  people  of  the  Dominion,  he 
made  a  gift  to  the  Imperial  Navy  of  a  Dreadnought  with  a  promise  of  a 


THE    RT.    HOX.    SIR    JOSEPH    WARD. 


He    was    created     P.C.     in 


245 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

second  one  if  necessary,  as  an  earnest  of  New  Zealand's  desire  that  Britain 
should  maintain  at  all  costs  her  naval  supremacy. 

Sir  Joseph  was  present  as  a  guest  of  the  British  Government  at  the 
Coronation  of  His  Majesty  King  George  in  London  in  1911,  on  which 
occasion  he  was  created  a  Baronet.  At  the  Imperial  Conference,  at  which 
he  again  represented  New  Zealand,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  proceedings, 
and  advocated  the  formation  of  an  Imperial  Parliament,  in  which  the 
overseas  dominions  would  have  a  part  in  the  councils  of  the  Empire,  a 
proposal  which,  although  not  supported  at  the  time,  is  regarded  as  the 
forerunner  of  a  movement  that  will  eventually  assume  definite  form  and  will 
go  far  in  strengthening  the  unity  of  the  Empire. 


246 


SOUTH     AFRICA 


SOUTH      AFRICA. 


jyjAJOR  H.  L.  BYAS,  of  Living- 
stone, Northern  Rhodesia, 
was  born  in  1869,  in  the  county 
of  Middlesex,  England,  and  educated 
at  Cheltenham  College.  He  joined 
the  British  South  Africa  Com- 
pany's Police  in  1899,  and  in 
1901  was  transferred  to  the 
Barotse  Native  Police,  and  ob- 
tained his  Commission  the  following 
year.  In  1904  he  was  gazetted 
Captain  and  appointed  Ordnance 
Officer  for  North- Western  Rhodesia, 
which  appointment  he  held  until 
1911.  On  the  amalgamation  of 
North  -  Eastern  and  North  -  Western 
Rhodesia  in  1911,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  Major  in 
the  Northern  Rhodesia  Police. 
At  the  Coronation  of  their 
Majesties  he  had  the  honour, 
as  senior  officer,  to  represent  this 
force. 


MAJOR  H.   I,.   BYAS. 


247 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


CAPTAIN  EDWIN  GEORGE  CARPMAEL  was  born  on  the  2oth  December, 
1872,  in  Beckenham,  Kent.  He  was  educated  privately  and  at  Christ's 
College,  Finchley,  and  married  Laura,  second  daughter  of  William  I^aith, 
Esq.,  of  West  Dulwich,  in  Cape  Town,  on  the  2yth  October,  1904.  In  March, 
1892,  he  joined  the  i3th  Middlesex  Rifle  Volunteers  (Queen's  Westminsters) 
as  a  private,  was  promoted  to  Corporal  in  1894,  and  in  1895  he  resigned.  At 
the  end  of  the  latter  year  he  was  gazetted  2nd  Lieutenant  of  the  4th  Volunteer 

Battalion  of  the  East  Surrey 
Regiment,  becoming  Lieutenant 
in  1896,  Captain  in  1898, 
gazetted  Lieutenant  of  the 
Reserve  of  Officers  in  1900, 
gazetted  temporary  Captain 
in  the  Army,  and  sailed  for 
South  Africa  in  command  of 
the  2nd  Volunteer  Service 
Company,  Royal  Warwickshire 
Regiment,  in  1901.  In  1902 
he  relinquished  the  command 
of  this  company  and  was 
gazetted  Honorary  Captain  in 
the  Army  and  promoted  to 
Captain  of  the  Reserve  of 
Officers.  In  January,  1905,  he 
resigned  his  Commission  in  the 
4th  Volunteer  Battalion  of 

the  East  Surrey  Regiment,  and  in  1909  was  gazetted  Captain  in  the 
Transvaal  Cycle  and  Motor  Corps,  of  which  he  was  appointed  Major 
in  1912. 

Captain  Carpmael  commanded  the  Transvaal  Detachment  (6  officers, 
118  N.C.O.'s  and  men)  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa  contingent,  which  was 
present  at  the  Coronation  of  Their  Majesties,  and  he  holds  the  Queen's  South 
African  Medal  (5  Clasps)  and  the  King's  Coronation  Medal. 


The  London  Stereoscopic  Co. 

CAPTAIN    H.    G.    CARPMAEL. 


SOUTH    AFRICA 


A/TAJOR     W.     W.     CHERRINGTOX,     of 

Johannesburg,  has  seen  many 
years'  service  in  South  Africa.  Thirty- 
three  years  ago  he  joined  the  Duke 
of  Bdinburgh's  Own  Volunteer  Rifles, 
and  in  1901  was  transferred  to  the 
Western  Province  Mounted  Rifles. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed  Staff 
Officer  for  Equipment  on  General 
Brabant's  Staff,  and  served  on  the 
Colonial  Defence  Force.  He  was 
then  attached  for  some  time  to  the 
Rand  Rifles,  and  on  the  disband- 
ment  of  that  corps  he  joined  the 
Transvaal  Light  Infantry  until  that 
force  was  amalgamated  with  the 
Witwatersrand  Rifles,  in  which  he  now 
holds  the  rank  of  Major. 


MAJOR  W.  W.  CHERIUNGTOX. 


TIEUTENANT  JAMES  GEORGE  BLILWER  CLAYTON,  son  of  the  late 
J.  W.  Clayton,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Kimberley  on  the  jist  March,  1878, 
and  was  educated  at  the  Educational  Institute,  Cape  Town. 
He  entered  the  Cape  Civil  Service  on  3ist  March,  1896,  and  now 
holds  the  appointment  of  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Forest  Department  of 
the  Union  of  South  Africa  at  Pretoria.  He  is  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
Cape  Field  Artillery,  and  served  with  the  Cape  Highlanders  in  the 
Bechuanaland  campaign  of  1897,  with  the  D.E.O.V.  Rifles  Mounted 
Infantry,  with  Kitchener's  Horse,  and  with  the  Cape  Colonial 
Forces  during  the  Anglo-Boer  war  from  1899  to  1902,  holding  the 
rank  of  Captain  at  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  Cape  Field  Artillery  as  Lieutenant. 

Lieutenant    Clayton  holds  the  following  Medals  and  Decorations  for 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


distinguished  service  : — (i) 
Bechuanaland,  1897  :  Medal 
and  Clasp.  (2)  South  Africa, 
1899-1900  :  the  Queen's  Medal 
and  six  Clasps  for  (a)  Relief 
of  Kimberley,  (b)  Paarde- 
berg,  (c)  Driefontein,  (d) 
Johannesburg,  (e)  Diamond 
Hill,  (f)  Wittebergen.  (3) 
South  Africa,  1901-2  :  the 
King's  Medal  with  two  Clasps. 
(4)  The  King's  Coronation 
Medal,  1911  ;  and  was  men- 
tioned in  despatches  by  the 
Commander-in-Chief  (Botha- 
ville,  1901). 

He  married  in    1906,    Eliza-  LIEUT,  j.  o.  BUUVER  CLAYTON. 

beth,    daughter    of     S.    Lange,      Esq.,     late  Member    of    the     Legislative 
Assembly    for    Kimberley. 


LIEUTENANT  J.  G.  FANNIN,  Natal  Carbineers,  was  born  in  Pietermaritz- 
burg,  Natal,  in  the  year  1876,  being  the  second  son  of  the  late  Judge 
John  Eustace  Fannin,  of  the  Native  High  Court,  Natal.  His  father  was 
among  the  earliest  settlers  in  Natal,  having  come  from  Liverpool  to  the 
Cape  Colony  as  a  boy  in  1845,  and  to  Natal  in  1847.  '^ne  family 
belonged  originally  to  Dublin,  his  mother  being  the  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  Gower. 

He  was  educated  at  Hilton  College,  Natal,  and  on  leaving  school 
became  a  wattle  grower  in  Umvoti  County,  till,  in  1904,  he  moved  to  the 
Bergville  Division,  near  the  Drakensberg,  where  he  has  been  farming  ever 
since.  In  1908  he  married  Nelly,  second  daughter  of  the  Hon.  F.  T. 
Angus,  M.I/.C.,  in  the  Natal  Parliament. 


250 


SOUTH     AFRICA 


At  the  commencement  of  the  Boer  war,  when  General  Botha's  advance 
threatened  all  Natal  south  of  the  Tugela  River,  he  joined  Murray's  Horse,  an 
emergency  corps  formed  by  Mr.  T.  K.  Murray  (now  Sir  Thomas  K.  Murray), 
which  was  stationed  at  Mooi  River  to  patrol  the  country  until  the  arrival 
of  the  ist  Army  Corps,  under  General 
Sir  Redvers  Buller,  when  this  corps 
was  disbanded. 

Later,  in  December,  1899,  he  joined 
the  Umvoti  Mounted  Rifles  as  trooper, 
under  Colonel  (then  Major)  Leuchars, 
and  served  with  that  regiment 
throughout  the  Boer  war.  He  holds 
the  Queen's  Medal  with  Clasps  for 
Tugela  Heights,  Relief  of  Lady  smith, 
Lang's  Nek,  Transvaal,  and  Natal, 
1901. 

He  received  his  Commission  as 
Lieutenant  on  the  i8th  May,  1904. 
On  moving  to  the  Bergville  Division 
he  transferred,  in  1905,  to  the  Natal 
Carbineers.  In  1906  he  served  with 
this  regiment  throughout  the  Native 
Rebellion  in  Natal  and  Zululand,  and  again  in  1907  with  the  expedition  of 
Natal  Militia  through  Zululand  at  the  time  of  the  arrest  of  the  Zulu  Chief 
Dinizulu.  He  was  chosen  as  one  of  the  officers  representing  Natal  in  the 
South  African  Coronation  contingent. 


LIEUTENANT   J.    G.   FANNIN. 


T  IEUTENANT-GENERAL  ALBERT  FARRER  GATLIFF,  barrister  of  the 
Middle  Temple  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Cape  Colony,  was  for  a 
considerable  period  special  correspondent  of  The  Times.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Mendiland  Expedition  of  1898,  and  in  the  three  following  years 
was  on  special  service  in  the  South  African  war;  was  Admiralty  Volunteer 


251 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Commander,  1904  to  1907  ;  Commander  Royal  Marine  Light  Infantry  from 
1906  to  1910  ;  and  Lieut. -General  Royal  Marine  Light  Infantry,  IQII. 

By  His  Majesty's  command  he  was  attached  to  the  suite  of  His  Imperial 
Highness  Prince  Noussouf  Izzedine  Effendi,  Crown  Prince,  representing  the 
Sultan  of  Turkey,  who  came  to  England  to  attend  the  Coronation. 

He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Henry  Gatliff,  Esq.,  of  Fairfield,  and  was 
born  in  1858  He  married,  in  1897,  Rosamund,  widow  of  Lieut. -Colonel 
C.  F.  Dashwood,  late  of  the  Gordon  Highlanders. 


T  1EUTEXANT-COLONEL 
RALEIGH  GREY,  C.M.G., 
C'.V.O.,  is  the  great-grandson 
of  the  first  Earl  Grey.  Born 
on  the  24th  March,  1860,  he 
joined  the  Imiiskilling  Dragoons 
in  1881,  was  promoted  to 
Captain  in  1885,  served  in 
the  Zulu  war  in  1888,  and 
was  for  some  time  in  com- 
mand of  the  Bechuanaland 
Border  Police.  He  served  in 
the  Matabele  war  in  1893, 
and  accompanied  Dr.  Jameson 
into  the  Transvaal  in  1896. 
He  served  in  South  Africa 
from  1899  to  1902,  during 
which  time  he  was  promoted 
to  Major,  mentioned  in  despatches  twice,  and  was  awarded  the 
Queen's  Medal  with  four  Clasps,  and  the  King's  Medal,  for  his  services 
in  the  campaign.  He  retired  from  active  service  in  1904,  and  now 
commands  the  Rhodesian  Volunteers. 

Colonel  Grey  married  in  1901  Mary  Isobel,  daughter  of  C.  H.  Cadogan, 


Elliott  &  Fry. 


LIEUT. -COLONEL   RALRIGH   GREY. 


252 


SOUTH     AFRICA 

Esq.,  of  Brinkburn  Priory,  Northumberland,  and  widow  of  A.  H.  Browne, 
Esq.,  Callaly  Castle,  in  the  same  county.  He  was  created  C.M.G.  in  1896, 
and  in  ign  was  made  C.V.O.  His  address  is  Lorbottle  Hall,  Whittingham, 
Northumberland,  and  Salisbury,  Southern  Rhodesia. 


T  IEUTENANT-GENERAL  SIR  REGINALD  CLARE  HART,  V.C.,  K.C.B., 
K.C.V.O.,  p.s.c.,  late  Royal  Engineers,  was  born  on  the  nth  June,  1848, 
in  Scarif,  County  Clare.  He  is  the  second  son  of  the  late  Lieutenant-General 
H.  G.  Hart,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Hart,  of 
Netherbury,  Dorset,  where  the 
family  owned  property  for 
several  generations.  Educated 
at  Marlborough  and  Cheltenham 
Colleges,  he  passed  into  the 
Royal  Military  Academy  at 
Woolwich,  whence  he  was 
gazetted  Lieutenant  in  the 
R.oyal  Engineers  on  the  I3th 
January,  1869.  Ordered  to 
India  in  1872,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Garrison 
Instructor,  Bengal,  on  the  i8th 
September,  1874,  which  post 
he  held  until  the  23rd  August, 
1878. 

During  the  Afghan  war, 
Lieutenant  Hart  served  with 
the  Khyber  Column  from 
January  to  June,  1879,  nrst 
with  the  2nd  Division,  attached  as  a  regimental  officer  to  the  24th 
Punjab  Native  Infantry  during  the  second  Bazar  expedition  against 
the  Zakka  Khel  Afridis,  and  afterwards  with  the  ist  Division.  It 


Maul/  f~  Fox. 

UEUT.-GENERAL   SIR   CLARE   HART. 


253 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

was  during  this  period  of  active  service  that  the  young  officer  won  the 
cross  for  valour  for  performing  a  gallant  deed  at  the  risk  of  his  life.  He 
was  on  convoy  duty  with  the  2nd  Division  of  the  Peshawur  Field  Force  on 
the  3ist  January,  1879,  when  he  took  the  initiative  in  running  some  1,200 
yards  to  the  rescue  of  a  wounded  Sowar  of  the  I3th  Bengal  L,aucers,  in  a  river 
bed  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  enemy  of  unknown  strength,  from  both  flanks, 
and  also  from  a  party  in  the  river  bed.  He  reached  the  wounded  Sowar, 
drove  off  the  enemy,  and  brought  him  under  cover,  assisted  by  some  soldiers 
who  had  accompanied  him  on  the  way.  Lieutenant  Hart  was  mentioned 
in  despatches,  and  rewarded  with  the  Medal,  in  addition  to  the  much- 
coveted  Victoria  Cross,  and  later  a  Brevet-Majority. 

In  December,  1880,  he  passed  the  Final  Staff  College  Examination, 
and  on  the  i6th  February,  1881,  was  sent  out  to  the  West  Coast  of  Africa  on 
special  service  in  connection  with  the  Ashanti  Expedition,  where  he  remained 
until  June,  1881.  The  month  following  he  was  promoted  to  Captain,  his 
brevet  of  Major  being  dated  the  i8th  January,  1882.  On  the  outbreak  of  the 
Egyptian  war  in  July,  1882,  Major  Hart  was  appointed  A.D.C.  to  Major- 
General  Sir  Gerald  Graham,  commanding  the  2nd  Brigade  of  the  Expeditionary 
Force,  and  he  took  part  in  the  reconnaissance  in  force  from  Alexandria  on 
the  5th  August,  and  in  the  engagements  at  El  Magfar  and  Tel-el-Mahuta ;  he 
was  also  present  at  the  two  actions  at  Kassassin,  and  at  the  battle  of  Tel-el- 
Kebir.  Major  Hart  was  twice  mentioned  in  despatches,  and  his  services 
were  rewarded  with  the  Medal  with  Clasp,  the  Khedive's  Bronze  Star,  the 
fourth  class  of  the  Osmanieh,  and  the  brevet  of  Lieutenant-Colonel . 

Returning  to  India,  he  was  appointed,  on  the  3ist  October,  1885, 
Garrison  Instructor,  Bengal,  a  post  he  held  until  the  igth  July,  1889. 
He  reached  the  substantive  rank  of  Major  in  the  Royal  Engineers  on  the 
23rd  November,  1887,  but  more  than  a  twelvemonth  previous  he  had  been 
gazetted  Colonel  in  the  Army. 

On  the  2oth  July,  1889,  Colonel  Hart  was  given  the  important  post  of 
Director  of  Military  Education  in  India,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  performed 
until  the  25th  February,  1896,  when  he  was  selected  for  the  command  of  the 
2nd  Class  District  of  Belgaum,  with  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General.  On  the 

254 


SOUTH    AFRICA 

24th  October,  1897,  Brigadier-General  Hart  was  given  the  command  of  the 
First  Brigade  of  the  Tirah  Expeditionary  Force,  in  the  campaign  on  the 
North- West  Frontier  of  India,  under  General  Sir  William  L,ockhart.  He  took 
part  in  the  fighting  in  and  the  capture  of  the  Sampagha  and  Arhanga  Passes  ; 
in  the  operations  in  the  Warah  Valley  on  the  gth  December  ;  and  those  in  the 
Mastura  Valley,  including  the  passage  of  the  Suppri  Pass.  He  also  shared 
in  the  subsequent  fighting  in  the  Khyber  Pass  and  the  Bazar  Valley.  He  was 
again  mentioned  in  despatches,  and  awarded  the  Medal  with  two  Clasps  and 
the  K.C.B. 

Returning  in  April,  1898,  to  his  brigade  command,  he  was  promoted 
in  the  following  year  to  the  command  of  the  First  Class  District  of  Quetta, 
with  the  temporary  rank  of  Major-General,  which  appointment  he  held  until 
the  1 2th  November,  1902.  During  the  tenure  of  this  command  he  participated 
in  the  operations  on  the  North- West  Frontier  of  India  in  1901-2,  and  was 
awarded  the  Clasp.  He  came  home  towards  the  end  of  1902  to  take  up 
the  post  of  Major-General  in  Command  of  the  Thames  District  at  Chatham, 
and  Commandant  School  of  Military  Engineering.  His  promotion  to  Major- 
General  was  dated  the  gih  December,  1902,  and  he  next  served  as  Commander 
of  the  Thames  and  Medway  Coast  Defences  (Eastern  Command)  from  the 
ist  June,  1905,  to  the  8th  December,  1906. 

On  the  3oth  November,  1907,  Sir  Reginald  went  out  to  South  Africa 
to  command  the  Cape  Colony  District,  and  on  promotion  to  Lieutenant- 
General  on  the  i8th  November,  1908,  he  was  graded  G.O.C.,  Cape  Colony 
District.  This  post  he  held  until  the  i6th  March,  1909,  after  which  date 
he  took  a  well-earned  rest  until  his  recent  appointment  to  succeed 
Field-Marshal  Lord  Methuen  as  General  Officer  Commanding  in  Chief 
in  South  Africa. 

I/ieutenant-General  Hart  possesses  the  Royal  Humane  Society's 
Silver  Medal  with  Silver  Clasp  for  two  gallant  actions  he  performed 
in  1869  and  1884.  In  July,  1869,  while  at  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  he  jumped 
from  the  pier  into  the  harbour  and  saved  the  life  of  a  man,  although 
he  was  himself  severely  injured  in  the  head  through  striking  some 
sunken  piles  or  rocks  when  leaping  into  the  water.  The  second 

255 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


award  of  the  Royal  Humane  Society  came  to  him  for  having,  on  the 
1 5th  December,  1884,  rescued  a  gunner  from  drowning  in  the  Ganges 
Canal  at  Roorkee. 

vSir  Reginald  Hart  married,  in  1872,  Charlotte  Augusta,  daughter  of 
the  late  Mark  Seton  Synnot,  Esq.,  J.P.,  D.I,.,  of  Ballymoyer,  Co.  Armagh, 
and  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  All  three  sons  have  followed  the 
martial  careers  of  their  father  and  uncles.  The  eldest  is  Captain  Harold 
Charles  Hart,  Royal  Warwickshire  Regiment ;  the  second  Captain  Reginald 

Seton  Hart,  Sherwood  Foresters; 
and  the  third  Lieutenant  Norman 
Synnot  Hart,  the  Buffs  (East  Kent 
Regiment).  Few  families,  indeed, 
have  supplied  so  many  officers 
for  the  military  forces,  Sir 
Reginald's  three  nephews  being 
Major  A.  H.  S.  Hart-Synnot,  D.S.O., 
East  Surrey  Regiment;  Mr.  R. 
V.  O.  Hart-Synnot,  D.S.O.,  late 
Lieutenant,  East  Surrey  Regi- 
ment, who  resigned  his  Commission 
in  1904,  and  has  since  been  private 
secretary  to  Sir  Horace  Plunkett, 
and  Director  of  Agriculture  and 
Horticulture,  Royal  University  College, 
Reading;  and  Captain  L.  George  Hart, 
Indian  Army. 

Lieutenant-General  Hart,  who  was  created  K.C.V.O.  in  1904,  is 
the  author  of  two  important  works,  "  Reflections  on  the  Art  of 
War,"  and  "  Sanitation  and  Health,"  while  he  has  also  contributed 
articles  to  various  magazines. 

For  recreation  he  prefers  big  game  shooting,  fishing,  tennis  and  rowing, 
but  all  outdoor  sports  find  in  him  a  willing  devotee.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
United  Service  Club. 


CAPTAIN   A.    T.    HAYWOOD. 


256 


SOUTH     AFRICA 


CAPTAIN  ARTHUR  TOMKINSON  HAYWOOD,  of  the  South  African  Con- 
stabulary, was  born  on  the  loth  May,  1878,  in  Ashton,  Lancashire. 
He  was  educated  privately  and  at  Keefe's  College,  Manchester,  and 
joined  the  Orange  River  Colony  Police  in  1901.  He  was  transferred 
to  the  South  African  Constabulary  in  1903,  and  served  as  Assistant 
Staff  Officer  until  the  latter  force  was  merged  with  the  South  African 
Police. 

Captain  Haywood  was  in  command  of  the  Free  State   portion   of  the 
South    African    Police    contingent 
which      was     present     at     Their 
Majesties'     Coronation. 


T    1EUTEXANT  A.   HEY  WOOD,  of 

the  Witwatersrand  Rifles,  is 
a  gallant  officer  who,  during  a 
comparatively  short  record,  has 
seen  some  hard  service.  Origin- 
ally joining  the  3rd  Volunteer 
Battalion  of  the  King's  (Liver- 
pool) Regiment  in  1897,  he,  on 
the  outbreak  of  the  South  African 
war,  lost  no  time  in  volunteering 
for  active  service,  and  served  with 
the  special  Service  Company 
attached  to  the  ist  Battalion  of 
his  Regiment  from  1900  to 

1901,  and  with  the  Rand  Rifles  to  the  termination  of  the  war.  He 
was  present  at  Lang's  Nek  and  at  Belfast,  and  earned  the  Queen's  Medal 
with  three  Clasps  for  the  campaign. 

After  the  conclusion  of  peace,  Lieutenant  Hey  wood  joined  the  Wit- 
watersrand Rifles  on  their  formation  in  1903.  He  served  with  them  in 
Natal  and  Zululand  during  the  native  rebellion  in  1906,  attached  to  the 


IJICrTLvXAXT  A.   HEYWOOD. 


257 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Natal  Rangers,  for  which  services  he  also  holds  the  Medal  with  Clasp.  He 
was  one  of  the  members  of  the  Transvaal  contingent  at  the  Coronation  of 
Their  Majesties  at  Westminster. 

T^R.  JOHN  HEWAT.  M.B.,  C.M.EmN.,  J.P.,  M.L.A.,  was  born   on   the  26th 
December,  1863,  and  is  the  son  of  Captain   John  Hewat,   late   Dock 

Superintendent  and  Port  Captain  of  Table  Bay,  South  Africa.     He  is  a  retired 

Captain  of  the  Cape  Garrison 
Artillery,  with  the  privilege 
and  honour  bestowed  upon  him 
to  retain  his  rank,  and  wear 
the  uniform  of  his  corps  for 
life,  for  his  work  in  connection 
with  volunteering.  He  is  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  the 
Cape  District  ;  represents  the 
constituency  of  Woodstock  in 
the  Union  House  of  Assembly  ; 
is  Chief  Whip  of  the  Opposi- 
tion ;  Government  nominee  on 
the  School  Board,  and  Senior 
Elected  Member  on  the  Cape 
Province  Medical  Council. 

He   is    Vice-Chairman    of    the 

DR.   JOHN    HKWAT. 

South  African  National  Union  ; 

a  Steward  of  the  South  African  Turf  Club  ;  President  of  the  Cape  Colony 
Athletic  and  Cycling  Union ;  a  L.ife  Member  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute ; 
Chairman  of  the  South  African  Branch  of  the  Empire  Parliamentary 
Association,  and  was  one  of  the  official  South  African  representatives  at 
the  Coronation  as  a  guest  of  the  Lords  and  Commons.  He  holds  the 
Coronation  and  South  African  Union  Medals. 

Dr.  Hewat  is  a  member  of  the  Civil  Service  and  of  the   City   Clubs, 
Cape  Town,  and  of  the  Sports  Club,  London. 

258 


SOUTH     AFRICA 


gEXATOR  THE  HONOURABLE  SIR  JAMES  LIEGE  HULETT,  KT..  J.P..  was 

born  on  the  lyth  May,  1838,  and  is  the  only  son  of  James  Liege  Hulett, 
Esq.,  of  Gillingham,  Kent.  He  emigrated  to  Natal,  South  Africa,  in  1857,  and 
in  1862  he  settled  at  Kearsney,  Lower  Tugela  Division,  Victoria  County, 
and  devoted  himself  to  planting  operations.  Tea  succeeded  a  failure  in  coffee 
planting,  and  the  Kearsney  Tea  Estates,  which  in  1892  were  formed  into  a 
limited  Company  under  the  style 
of  Messrs.  J.  L-  Hulett  &  vSons, 
Ltd.,  were  the  outcome. 
In  1902  this  company  was 
enlarged  from  a  semi-private 
one  to  a  public  company, 
for  the  purpose  of  extending 
its  operations  to  the  growth 
and  manufacture  of  sugar, 
which  has  from  time  to  time 
been  extended  so  as  to  include 
Zululand  in  its  sugar  opera- 
tions, Sir  J.  L.  Hulett  &  Son, 
Ltd.,  being  now  proprietors 
of  four  large  sugar  factories 
and  a  large  refinery,  near 
the  port  of  Durban,  with  a 
capital  of  three  quarters  of  a 
million  pounds.  The  capacities 

of  these  factories  extend  to  40,000  tons  of  manufactured  and  refined 
sugar  per  annum,  Sir  J.  Liege  Hulett  being  the  Chairman  and  Managing 
Director.  His  residence  was  former!}'  on  the  Kearsney  estate,  but  is  now 
The  Manor  House,  Durban,  Natal,  and  his  chief  office  is  in  West  Street, 
Durban. 

A  few  years  after  settling  at  Kearsney  he  was  given  the  Commission  of 
the  Peace,  and  his  services  were  requested  by  the  Government  from  time  to 
time  as  Resident  Magistrate  for  the  district.  Also  on  various  occasions  he 


Ellinlt  ("-  Fry. 

THE  HON.   SIR  J.  WEGE  HULETT. 


259 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

was  a  member  of  Government  Commissions.  In  1883  he  was  returned  as 
one  of  the  members  for  Victoria  County  to  the  Legislature  of  Natal,  and  was 
nominated  by  the  Government  about  1889  to  a  seat  in  the  Executive  Council 
of  the  Colony,  and  became  Chairman  of  Committees  and  Deputy  Speaker ; 
these  positions  being  held  until  responsible  government  was  given  to  the 
Colony  in  1893.  For  some  time  he  led  the  opposition  to  that  measure,  and 
upon  the  establishment  of  a  responsible  government  was  returned  for  his 
old  constituency,  and  was  elected  again  as  Chairman  of  Committees  and 
Deputy  Speaker. 

In  1898  he  accepted  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  as  Minister  of  Native  Affairs, 
under  Sir  Henry  Burns,  K.C.M.G.,  and  upon  the  death  of  that  gentleman, 
relinquished  the  post,  and  was  elected  to  the  Speakership. 

He  visited  England  upon  the  occasion  of  the  Coronation  of  His  Majesty 
King  Edward  VII.,  when  he  received  the  honour  of  knighthood.  Upon 
returning  to  Natal  he  resigned  the  Speakership  to  lead  the  opposition  to  Sir 
Albert  Himes'  Ministry,  and  upon  defeating  that  gentleman  was  called  upon  to 
form  a  Ministry,  but  on  account  of  failing  health  he  declined  and  recom- 
mended Sir  George  Sutton  to  the  Government,  who  became  Prime  Minister. 
From  that  time  until  the  Act  of  Union  of  South  Africa  he  remained  on  the 
floor  of  the  house,  and  was  elected  to  the  Parliament  of  the  Union  as  a  Senator. 
At  the  time  of  the  Union  he  was  the  father  of  the  Natal  Parliament,  having 
an  unbroken  record  for  over  twenty-seven  years. 


LIEUTENANT  HARRY  CLEMENT  INGLES  *  was  educated  at  Wellington 
College,  Berkshire,  and  received  a  Commission  in  the  4th  Battalion 
East  Surrey  Regiment  in  1895,  which  he  resigned  to  join  the  British  South 
Africa  Company's  Police  as  trooper  in  1896,  and  was  awarded  the  Matebele 
Rebellion  Medal.  He  accompanied  an  expedition  to  Monze,  north  of  the 
River  Zambesi,  in  1898,  and  was  promoted  to  Corporal  in  1900,  and  to 
Sergeant,  1901.  He  also  holds  the  King's  and  Queen's  South  African 
Medals.  In  1903  he  was  transferred  to  the  Barotse  Native  Police  as 

*  Now  Captain  Harry  Clement  Ingles. 

260 


SOUTH     AFRICA 


Troop  Sergeant-Major,  was 
promoted  to  Lieutenant  in 
1905  ;  and  was  appointed 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  N.W. 
Rhodesia  in  1906.  Lieutenant 
Ingles  accompanied  his  con- 
tingent to  England,  and  took 
part  in  the  various  Coronation 
ceremonies. 


CAPTAIN  JULIAN  THEODORE 
LAMBLEY,  of  the  Prince 
of  Wales' s  Own  Regiment,  Cape 
Peninsula  Rifles  (of  which 
corps  His  Majesty  the  King 
is  Colonel -in-Chief),  was  born 

LIEUTENANT  H.  C.  INGLES. 

in   Chelsea,   and  educated  at  St. 

Mark's  College,  London.  He  received  his  early  military  training  in  the  Royal 
Horse  Guards,  and  in  1888  went  to  Cape  Town,  where  he  joined  the 
Cape  Volunteer  Field  Artillery,  and  in  1893  entered  the  Cape  Mounted 
Riflemen,  remaining  with  them  during  the  annexation  of  Pondoland  in 
1894,  the  Bechuanaland  rebellion,  1896-97,  and  throughout  the  Boer  war. 
He  holds  the  South  African  General  Service  Medal,  the  King's  and 
Queen's  South  African  War  Medals  with  six  Bars,  and  the  Coronation 
Medal  of  191 1.  He  was  selected  for  special  service  in  Royston's  Horse 
in  the  Natal  rebellion  in  1906,  and  for  various  Guards  of  Honour, 
including  that  of  the  visit  of  Princess  Christian  and  the  Commemoration 
of  the  Union  of  South  Africa,  during  the  visit  of  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of 
Connaught.  He  was  one  of  the  four  officers  deputed  to  represent  the 
Province  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  during  the  Coronation  Ceremonies 
in  London,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  he  had  the  honour  of  conveying 
a  special  message  from  His  Majesty  the  King  to  his  regiment. 

261 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Captain  Lambley  married  in 
1905  Helena  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Pieter  Lourens  van  der  Byl, 
of  Eerste  River,  Cape  Colony, 
one  of  the  pioneers  (with  the 
late  Cecil  Rhodes)  of  Rhodesia, 
by  whom  he  has  two  sons, 
Geoffrey  and  Laurence.  His 
hobbies  are  soldiering  and 
rowing,  and  he  resides  at  Belle 
Ombre  Road,  Cape  Town. 


T  IEUTENANT  ROGER  HERBERT 
NORRES  LOMAX  was  born 
in  Wrexham,  North  Wales,  the 
gth  December,  1890,  second  son 
of  Captain  W.  H.  Lomax,  of  the 
Royal  Artillery  Reserve.  He 

was  educated  at  Wellington  College,  and  in  due  time  was  gazetted  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  3rd  London  Brigade,  Royal  Field  Artillery.  He  passed 
the  School  of  Gunnery  at  Shoeburyness  with  distinction,  and  was 
subsequently  attached  to  the  I23rd  Battery,  R.F.A.,  at  Aldershot. 
In  1910  he  applied  for  a  transfer  to  the  Reserve  of  Officers,  and  joined 
the  service  of  the  British  South  Africa  Police  in  Southern  Rhodesia,  where 
he  is  at  present  engaged.  Lieutenant  Lomax  holds  a  distinguished 
position  in  the  athletic  world,  and  is  well  known  as  a  splendid  rider 
and  an  enthusiast  in  all  kinds  of  sport. 


The  London  Stereoscopic  (  o. 

CAPTAIN  J.   T.  LAMBLEY. 


J-TENRY    ALFRED    OLIVER,    ESQ.,     C.M.G.,     Member     of    the    Legislative 

Assembly    of    South  Africa,   is   the    son    of    S.    G.    Oliver,    Esq.,    of 

Radford  Grove,  Nottingham,  where  he  was  born  on  the  gth  September,  1854, 


202 


SOUTH     AFRICA 

When  twelve  years  of  age,  he  left  England  for  Cape  Town,  and  after 
completing  his  early  education  there  he  went  to  seek  his  fortune  in  1871 
in  Kimberley.  From  that 
time  he  has  been  closely 
associated  with  the  mar- 
vellous growth  and  prosper- 
ity of  his  adopted  town, 
of  which  he  was  siege 
Mayor  during  the  South 
African  war.  He  sat  for 
Kimberley  in  the  old  Cape 
Parliament,  and  now  re- 
presents the  same  con- 
stituency in  the  Union 
Parliament  of  South 
Africa.  As  a  reward  for 
his  various  services  he  was 
created  C.M.G.  in  1901, 
and  is  a  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  Kimberley,  where 
he  now  resides.  He 

married   Agatha   Constance,  H.  A.  OLIVER, 

daughter  of  J.  G.  Alexander,   Esq.,   of  that   town. 


(CAPTAIN  J.  J.  O'SULLIVAX.  J.P..  F.R.C.S.,  of  the  Northern  Rhodesian 
Police,  who  was  one  of  the  contingent  representing  that  Colony  at 
the  Coronation,  joined  the  Cape  Mounted  Rifles  in  1897.  In  1901  he 
was  gazetted  to  the  2nd  Battalion,  Northamptonshire  Regiment,  and 
served  in  General  French's  Scouts  during  the  South  African  war,  which 
corps  he  subsequently  commanded.  He  holds  the  Queen's  Medal,  South 
Africa,  with  six  Bars,  and  the  King's  Medal,  with  two  Bars.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  joined  the  Barotse  Native  Police,  and  was  promoted 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


to  Captain  in  1905,  and 
seconded  as  Command- 
ant of  the  North-Eastern 
Rhodesian  Con  stabulary 
(with  local  rank  of 
Major)  from  February, 
1909,  to  March,  1911. 
Captain  O'Sullivan  is 
known  as  an  authority 
on  big  game  hunting. 
His  headquarters  are  at 
Mongu,  in  the  Barotse 
Valley,  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Royal 
Societies  Club  in  L,ondon. 


A  J  O  R       G  E  O  R  (i  E 
ROBERT  RICHARDS. 

of  the  Natal  Carbineers, 
son  of  Robert  and  Sarah 
Frances  Richards,  was 
born  in  Pietermaritzburg 

on  the  27th  December,  1865,  and  educated  at  the  Bedford  Grammar  School. 
He  subsequently  joined  the  Natal  Carbineers  and  served  throughout  the  Boer 
war  as  a  Lieutenant  in  that  corps,  taking  part  in  the  actions  at  Spion  Kop 
and  Vaal  Krantz,  and  was  present  at  the  Relief  of  L/adysmith.  For  these 
services  he  was  granted  the  Queen's  Medal  with  three  Clasps.  In  1906  he 
took  command  of  a  special  squadron  in  Zululand  during  the  native 
rebellion,  for  which  he  holds  a  Medal  with  one  Clasp,  and  in  the  same 
year  he  was  selected  by  the  then  Prime  Minister  (the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Frederick 
Moor,  K.C.M.G.)  to  accompany  him  to  England  to  attend  the  Conference 
of  Prime  Ministers.  In  1909  he  resigned  his  appointments  on  the  Natal 


Hall, 


CAPTAIN  J.   J.  O'SULLIVAN. 


SOUTH     AFRICA 

Government  Land  Board  and  Immigration  Trust  Board,  which  he  then  held, 
in  order  to  proceed  to  England,  having  been  chosen  by  the  Xatal  Government 

to     attend     the     Staff     College    at          

Camberley,   where  he  graduated  in 
1910. 

Major  Richards  is  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  Natal,  and  has 
represented  Weenen  County  Con- 
stituency in  the  Natal  Government. 

He  was  appointed  by  the 
War  Office  as  special  Staff  Officer 
to  the  South  African  contingent 
during  the  Coronation,  and  acted 
as  Staff  Officer  in  charge  of  the 
King's  Royal  Escort  of  Colonial 
Troops  on  the  days  of  the  Corona- 
tion and  the  Royal  Progress 
through  the  city,  for  which  he 
received  the  King's  Coronation 
Medal. 

In  1899  he  married  Nora, 
daughter  of  the  late  Alexander 

MacArthur,     Esq.,     J.P.,      and     he  MAJOR  o.  u.   RICHARDS. 

now   resides  at  Summer  Hill,    Mooi    River,    Natal. 


LIEUTENANT  ROYDEN-TURXER  joined  Colonel  Leuchar's  Column  under 
General  Buller  in  October,  1899,  as  Special  Service  Trooper,  being  then 
only  fifteen  years  of  age.  He  was  present  at  the  actions  at  Tugela  Ferry, 
Pomeroy,  Tugela  Heights,  Majuba,  Lang's  Nek,  and  the  Relief  of  Lady- 
smith,  where  he  volunteered  for  Special  Service  in  the  gallant  but  un- 
successful attempt  to  blow  up  the  railway  bridge.  Subsequently  he  was 
appointed  guide  to  Colonel  Bethune's  Column  in  the  Tugela  Valley,  and 

265 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


saw  the  first  Boers  cross  the  Natal  border. 
He  got  his  Commission  in  the  Umvoti 
Mounted  Rifles  in  1905.  He  holds  the 
King's  and  Queen's  Boer  War  Medal  with 
six  Clasps,  King  Edward's  and  King 
George's  Coronation  Medals,  and  also  the 
Medal  for  service  in  the  Zulu  campaigns. 


TIEUTENANT     ARTHUR    JAMES    TAYLOR* 

had    the    distinguished    honour    to    com- 
mand   the    Royal    contingent    of    his    famous 


LIEUTENANT  A.  J.    TAYLOR. 


LIEUTENANT     R(  )YDEN-TURNER. 

corps,  the  Cape  Mounted 
Riflemen,  at  the  Coronation 
of  King  George  V.  Joining 
that  regiment  in  1893,  he 
immediately  saw  active  ser- 
vice during  the  Pondoland 
campaign  in  the  succeeding 
year,  when  that  territory 
was  annexed.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  Anglo-Boer  war 
in  1899  he  again  took  the 
field,  and  served  throughout 
the  whole  campaign  until 
its  close.  He  was  for  some 

*  Now  Major  Arthur  James 
Taylor. 


266 


SOUTH     AFRICA 

time   attached   to   the   staff    of    Field-Marshal    Lord    Roberts,    and     holds 
two    war   Medals   with    six   Clasps. 


CAPTAIN  ALFRED  JAMES  TOMLINSON.  Among  the  many  representative 
visitors  who  came  from  the  British  Colonies  and  Dependencies  to 
attend  the  Coronation  of  King  George  V.,  not  the  least  distinguished 
was  Captain  Alfred 
James  Tomlinson,  Sec- 
ond in  Command  of  the 
Rhodesian  Coronation 
Contingent.  This  gallant 
officer  has  had  a  varied 
and  brilliant  career,  and 
has  done  splendid  service 
in  many  lands  and  in 
several  campaigns.  He 
was  born  in  1871,  in 
Madras,  whence  he  was 
brought  to  England,  and 
educated  at  the  ancient 
and  famous  Whitgift 
Grammar  School  at 
Croydon,  Surrey.  He 
returned  to  the  East 
and  entered  the  Salt 
Department  in  India, 
in  1891,  and  joining 
the  Malabar  Volunteer  CAPTAIN  A.  j.  TOMUXSOX. 

Rifles  became  2nd  Lieutenant.  On  resigning  his  Commission,  he 
next  proceeded  to  Southern  Rhodesia,  and  entered  the  Matabeleland 
Mounted  Police  as  a  trooper  in  1894,  becoming  Corporal  in  March,  1895, 
Sergeant  in  the  following  month,  and  Acting  Regimental-Sergeant-Major 

267 


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SOUTH    AFRICA 

in  October  of  the  same  year.  Captain  Tomlinson  took  part  in  the 
Jameson  Raid,  and  served  as  Lieutenant  in  the  Matabeleland  Relief 
Force,  April,  1896,  under  Colonel  Plumer.  Subsequently  he  joined  the 
British  South  Africa  Police,  as  lieutenant  and  Sub-Inspector  in  October, 
1896.  He  went  through  the  South  African  War,  1899  to  1902,  receiving 
the  Queen's  Medal  and  Bars  for  Rhodesia,  the  Relief  of  Mafeking, 
and  the  Transvaal ;  and  the  King's  South  Africa  Medal  with  Bars  for  1901 
and  1902.  He  was  promoted  to  Captain  and  Inspector  in  December,  1901, 
and  in  June,  1911,  he  was  appointed  Second  in  Command  of  the  Rhodesian 
Coronation  contingent.  In  1904  he  married  Ktheldreda  Bennet,  elder 
daughter  of  the  late  Edward  Bayden  Neame,  Esq.,  of  Faversham,  Kent, 
and  has  two  sons. 


269 


CANADA 


VI 


CANADA     AND     NEWFOUNDLAND. 


T    IEUTENANT  JOHN   DOUGLAS  ARMOUR  was  born  in  Toronto,  Canada, 
on  the  I3th  November,  1888.     He  is  the  eldest  son  of  Douglas  Armour, 

Esq.,  barrister-at-law,    and    Agnes   Spratt,  and  grandson  of  the  late  John 

Douglas  Armour,  Esq.,    Chief  Justice    of   the  Court 

of  Appeal   in   Canada.       He   was   educated    at    the 

Model  School,   Toronto,   the   Montreal  High  School, 

and  finally  at  St.  Albans  School,  Brockville. 

In  April,  1908,  he  joined  the  2ist  Battery  of  the 

Canadian  Field  Artillery  upon  its  organization,  and 

after  taking  part  in  the  Tercentenary  Celebrations  at 

Quebec   in   July,    1908,    received  his  commission   as 

Lieutenant   in   September    of    the    same    year,    and 

accompanied  the  contingent  which  took  part  in  the 

Coronation  Ceremonies,  on  which  occasion  he  received 

the  Coronation  Medal. 

In  September,  1903,  he  joined  the  service  of  the 

Canadian   Pacific    Railway    Company,    and    is    also 

connected  with  the  Ogilvie  Flour  Mills  Company,  and       LIEUT,  j.  D.  ARMOUR. 

with  the  Canada  Securities  Corporation,  Limited.     He  is  a  member  of  the 

Montreal  Ski  Club,   and  of   the  Beaconsfield   Golf  and   Montreal  Amateur 

Athletic  Association,  and  resides  at  220,  Peel  Street,  Montreal. 


271 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

FREDERICK  WEBBER  ASHE,  ESQ.,  was  born  in  Quebec  on  the  1 7th  October, 
1864,  and  is  the  fifth  son  of  the  late  Commander  Edward  D.  Ashe,  R.N. 
He  was  educated  in  Quebec  and  at  Trinity  College  School,  Fort  Hope, 

Ontario.     In  1882  he  entered  the  service  of  the  Union  Bank  of  Canada  in 

Quebec,  was  appointed  Account- 
ant at  Winnipeg  in  1888,  Manager 
at  Hastings  in  1895,  and  was 
subsequently  Manager  at  several 
other  important  branches.  In 
1903  he  became  Manager  in 
Montreal,  and  in  1907  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  Eastern 
Superintendent,  having  charge 
of  all  the  branches  from  the 
great  lakes  to  the  Atlantic. 
When  the  Union  Bank  of  Canada 
opened  a  branch  in  London  in 
1911  Mr.  Ashe  was  made  a 
member  of  the  London  Com- 
mittee, and  the  London  office 
was  placed  in  his  charge. 

Mr.     Ashe's     opinion     on 

FREDERICK   WEBRER  ASHE,  ESQ. 

Canadian    finance    is    recognised 

by  bankers  as  being  sound,  not  only  by  London,   but  also  by  Paris,  Berlin 
and  other  large  financial  centres. 

Mr.  Ashe  married,  in  1898,  Belle  Haven  Greene,  only  daughter  of  the 
late  George  A.  Greene,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  resides  at 
Englemere  Hill,  Ascot,  and  is  a  member  of  the  City  Carlton  (London)  and 
the  Travellers  (Paris)  Clubs. 

HpHE    RIGHT    HONOURABLE    ROBERT    LAIRD   BORDEN,    K.C.,    M.P.,  was 

born   in   Grand   Pre,   Nova   Scotia,    on   the    26th    June,    1854,   and    is 
the  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Andrew  Borden,   Esq.     He  married  in 

272 


CANADA 

1889  Laura,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  T.  H.  Bond,  Esq.,  of  Halifax. 
He    was    educated     at    Acacia    Villa    Academy,     Horton,     and    in     1874 
commenced  the  study  of  law  ;    was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1878,  and  became 
K.C.  in    1891.     He   has   had    an  extensive  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of    Nova   Scotia    and   in    the    Supreme    Court    of    Canada,    and    has   been 
engaged   in    several    cases    before    the    Judicial    Committee    of    the    Privy 
Council.     From  1893   to  1904  he 
was     President     of     the      Nova 
Scotia    Barristers    Society ;     was 
made   Honorary   D.C.I,.,  Queen's 
University,     Ontario,     in    1903  ; 
Lly.D.,  St.  Francois  Xavier   Uni- 
versity in  1905  ;    was  Member  for 
the  City  and  County  of  Halifax 
from  1896  to    1900  ;    Member  for 
Carlton  in  1905  ;    Member  for  the 
City   and   County   of   Halifax   in 
1908,    and   took    a    leading    part 
in   many   important  debates   be- 
tween    1896     and     1900.         In 
February,  1901,   upon  the   resig- 
nation of  Sir  Charles  Tupper,  he 
was    elected  leader  of    the   Con- 
servative party  in  the  House  of 
Commons,     and     is    now    (1912) 
Prime    Minister    of    Canada,     in 
succession   to   the  Rt.    Hon.   Sir 
Wilfrid     L,aurier.       During     the 
summer  of  1912  he  visited  London  for   the  purpose  of  conferring  with  the 
British  Government  upon  the   question  of  Naval  Defence,   and   attended 
meetings  of  the  Imperial  Defence  Committee.     During  the  visit  he  addressed 
several    important    audiences   on    Imperial    questions,    and    his   utterances 
received  remarkable  appreciation  both  in  Great  Britain  and  in  Canada.    Upon 


273 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

returning  to  the  Dominion  he  proceeded  to  formulate  a  naval  policy, 
designed  to  meet  the  pressing  needs  of  the  Empire.  His  principal 
diversions  are  cricket,  lawn-tennis  and  golf.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Rideau,  Laurentian  and  other  clubs,  and  resides  at  201,  Wurtemburg, 
Ottawa. 


MURRAY    BOTSFORD,    ESQ.,    was  born   on    the    i6th  August, 
1864,   in  Dorchester,   New  Brunswick,   the  son  of    Blair  and  Sarah 

(Cogswell)  Botsford.  He  has 
a  splendid  record  in  the 
banking  profession,  and  after 
serving  as  Manager  of  the 
Royal  Bank  of  Canada  at 
Vancouver  and  Halifax,  he 
was  appointed  in  June,  1906, 
to  the  head  office  in  Montreal, 
and  five  years  later  to  a  similar 
position  in  the  head  office 
in  London.  He  did  good 
service  as  a  councillor  on 
the  Montreal  Board  of  Trade, 
and  in  1910  was  chairman 
of  the  Bankers'  Committee 
in  the  same  city.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Mount  Royal 
Club,  at  Montreal,  and  the 

Milfs  f-  Kave. 

Halifax  Club,  at   Halifax.  Mr. 

Botsford,  who  is  a  member  of  the  Anglican  Church,  was  married  in  June, 
1890,  to  Lena   Evangeline   Chipman    of    Kentville,   Nova  Scotia. 

TPHE    HONOURABLE    WILLIAM    J.    BOWSER,    LL.B.,    K.C.       Among  the 

numerous   distinguished   Colonial    visitors    who    crossed    the    seas    to 
attend    the   Coronation  of  King  George  V.  was  the  Hon.    W.   J.   Bowser, 

274 


CANADA 


Attorney-General  for  British  Columbia.  Born  in  Rexton,  New  Brunswick, 
the  3rd  December,  1867,  and  educated  at  Dalhousie  University,  Halifax,  N.S., 
where  he  obtained  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  L,aws,  Mr.  Bowser  was  called  to 
the  Bar  of  New  Brunswick 
in  1890,  and  to  the  Bar 
of  British  Columbia  in 
1891.  He  was  elected  as 
member  for  the  City  of 
Vancouver  in  the  Pro- 
vincial Parliament  at  the 
General  Elections  of  1903, 
1907,  1909,  and  1912. 

On  the  24th  July,  1907, 
he  was  appointed  Attor- 
ney-General of  British 
Columbia,  and  Commis- 
sioner of  Fisheries  in  the 
following  August  ;  and 
subsequently,  such  was  the 
brilliant  ability  he  dis- 
played as  a  lawyer  and  THE  HON-  w-  J' 
a  statesman,  he  became  Minister  of  Finance  and  Agriculture,  from 
October,  1909,  to  October,  1910.  Mr.  Bowser  was  elected  Grand  Master 
of  Freemasons  in  British  Columbia  in  1904. 


/^EORGE  McLAREN  BROWN.  ESQ.,  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
Service,  is  a  son  of  Adam  Brown,  Esq.,  of  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  a 
moving  spirit  in  Canadian  commerce  and  one  of  the  fathers  of  railway 
development  in  Ontario,  and  his  wife,  Mary  (Kough),  of  Shrewsbury  in 
England.  Mr.  George  McLaren  Brown  was  born  in  Hamilton,  Ontario, 
the  2gth  January,  1865,  and  educated  at  Shrewsbury,  Hamilton  Grammar 
School,  and  Upper  Canada  College.  From  1881  to  1883  he  was  in  the 


275 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


service  of  the  Northern  and  North-Western  Railway,  Hamilton,  and 
for  four  years  onward  in  that  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  In  1887 
he  was  appointed  Agent  for  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  at  Vancouver, 
and  for  five  years  from  1892  he  was  Assistant  General  Passenger  Agent 

in  the  western  division,  and 
subsequently  Executive  Agent. 
From  1902  to  1905  he  was 
vSuperintendent  of  the  hotels 
and  dining  and  sleeping  car 
department,  and  for  another 
three  years  General  Passenger 
Agent  in  connection  with  the 
Atlantic  steamship  lines  for  the 
same  company.  In  1908  he  was 
made  General  European  Traffic 
Agent,  and  in  1910  General 
European  Manager  with  offices 
at  Charing  Cross,  London.  In 
all  these  positions  Mr.  McLaren 
Brown  has  shown  himself  pos- 
sessed of  rare  executive  skill, 
while  another  trait  is  well 
illustrated  by  the  admiring  declaration  of  a  well-known  London  daily 
paper  that  he  is  "a  man  who  sees  every  one  who  wants  to  see  him, 
however  busy  he  may  be."  Mr.  McLaren  Brown,  who  is  a  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  was  married  in  1890  to  Eleanor  Graham, 
daughter  of  John  Crerar,  Esq.,  K.C.,"of  Hamilton,  Ontario. 


GEORGE  MCLAREN   BROWN,   ESQ. 


PERKINS  BULL,  ESQ.,  LL.B.,  K.C.,  is  a  Canadian  born,  as  were 
also  his   father  and  his  mother.     His  birthplace,  the  25th  July,  1870, 
was  Downsview,  York,  Ontario,  in  which  county  indeed  both  his  paternal 
and  maternal  ancestors  have  lived  for  about  a  century. 


276 


CANADA 


Mr.  Perkins  Bull's  boyhood  was  spent  at  Hawthorne  Lodge, 
Brampton,  where  his  father,  the  late  Bartholomew  Hill  Bull,  prominent  in 
moral  and  temperance  advancement,  established  the  world-famed  Jersey 
stock  farm — to-day  the  largest  herd  of  pedigreed  cattle  in  the  British 
Empire.  Here  Mr.  Perkins  Bull's  mother,  nee  Sarah  Duncan,  still  makes 
her  home.  Her  father,  the  late  William  Duncan,  Esq.,  J.P.,  of  York,  was 
born  in  County  Sligo,  on  New  Year's  Day,  1800.  Mr.  Bull's  grandfather, 
the  late  J.  P.  Bull,  Esq.,  J.P.,  was  also  deeply  interested  in  agriculture, 
being  the  first  President  of 
"The  Grange." 

William  Perkins  Bull  re- 
ceived his  Bachelor  of  Arts 
degree  from  Victoria  College  in 
1893  with  first-class  honours. 
On  three  occasions  he  represented 
his  alma  mater,  leading  in  inter- 
collegiate debates.  Besides  hav- 
ing been  at  times  first  in  first- 
class  honours,  he  has,  since 
graduation,  been  continuously 
elected  their  President  by  his 
fellow  graduates. 

In   1894  he  received  from 
University     College    his 
degree. 

In  1897  he  graduated  from  WILLIAM    PKRKIXS    BULL,    ESQ. 

Osgoode  Hall  and  was  called  to  the  Bar,  where  his  ability  was  early 
recognised,  and  ten  years  later  he  took  silk,  at  which  time  it  was  singularly 
observed  that  he  was  the  youngest  King's  Counsel  of  his  day. 

In  1897  Mr.  Bull  married  Maria,  daughter  of  the  late  Michael  Brennen, 
Esq.,  Lumberman,  Hamilton,  Canada.  Varied  as  are  the  many  sides  of 
his  inevitable  character,  Mr.  Bull  is  ennobled  by  those  fireside  virtues 
which  endear  him  to  the  hearts  of  his  more  intimate  friends,  and  seen 


277 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

among  his  happy  family  of  seven  children  at  "  Lome  Hall,"  Rose- 
dale,  Toronto,  or  their  English  home,  "Lower  Park,"  Putney  Hill,  one  is  re- 
assured of  the  true  philosophy  that  a  great  man  never  loses  his  child's  heart. 

During  the  earlier  part  of  his  career,  Mr.  Bull  confined  his  attentions 
almost  exclusively  to  purely  professional  work,  but  later  his  eclectic  energy 
has  been  sought  and  claimed  by  financial  and  commercial  enterprise.  He 
acted  with  the  British  Columbia  Government  in  adjusting  the  differences 
between  the  Howe  Sound  and  Northern  Railway  and  the  Pacific  Great 
Eastern  Railway,  and  negotiated  the  sale  of  the  Howe  Sound  and  Northern 
Railway  to  the  Pacific  Great  Eastern  Railway. 

Besides  being  the  senior  partner  of  the  law  firm,  Messrs.  Bull,  Holliss  & 
Wilson,  Toronto,  he  was  first  President  of  the  Okanagan  Lumber  Co.,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Missasaga  Lumber  Co.,  Member  of  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  Canadian  Lumbermen's  Association,  Director  of  the  Canadian  Oil  Co. 
and  of  the  Preston  Car  &  Coach  Co.  He  is  President  of  the  British  Canadian 
Realty,  Limited,  of  London,  senior  partner  of  Messrs.  B.  H.  Bull  &  Son, 
Brampton,  and  is  a  Director  inter  alia  of  the  Kenilworth  Canadian  Co.,  Ltd., 
Glasgow,  and  of  the  Colonial  Securities  Corporation,  Ltd. 

Supplementing  his  enterprising  professional  and  business  career,  Mr. 
Bull's  magnetic  personality  and  genial  social  humour  have  claimed  for  him 
a  large  circle  of  friends.  Among  his  clubs  are,  in  Canada,  the  National, 
the  Canadian,  the  Royal  Canadian  Yacht,  the  Canadian  Alpine,  and  the 
Canadian  Jersey  Cattle  Clubs,  and  in  England,  the  Royal  Automobile,  the 
Conservative  Club,  Liverpool,  and  the  Constitutional,  Bristol.  He  is  also  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute. 

Mr.  Bull  may  well  be  regarded  as  one  of  Canada's  most  enterprising  and 
devoted  sons.  As  an  Imperialist  he  has  figured  prominently  in  London  at 
numerous  City  and  other  public  functions  as  a  most  interesting  and  pleasing 
after-dinner  speaker.  Both  in  Canada  and  in  England  he  is  well  known 
in  Methodist  and  philanthropic  circles. 

True  to  his  hereditary  instincts  Mr.  Bull  takes  a  keen  interest  in  live 
stock  and  farming,  not  only  as  a  hobby  but  in  the  general  improvement 
of  agricultural  conditions.  Mr.  Perkins  Bull  was  one  of  the  founders  and 

278 


CANADA 

original  Directors  of  Farm  and  Dairy,  one  of  Canada's  most  influential 
country  publications,  and  a  contributor  to  the  leading  agricultural 
papers  of  Canada  and  America,  of  articles  on  the  judging  and 
breeding  of  pedigree  stock,  and  on  agricultural  questions.  He  is  a  familiar 
figure  around  the  Jersey  ring  at  the  leading  Exhibitions,  not  only  in 
England,  but  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  where  the  winnings  of  the 
Brampton  Jerseys  have  been  unequalled  for  the  past  two  decades. 

During  his  Coronation  visit  to  England,  Mr.  Perkins  Bull  was  one  of 
fourteen  honoured  guests  at  His  Majesty's  Luncheon  at  the  Royal  Show. 


T  IEUTENANT  R.  P.  CLARK  was  born  in  London  in  the  year  1874, 
and  educated  at  The  College,  Broadstairs,  Kent.  In  1889  he  joined  the 
and  Volunteer  Battalion  Royal  Fusiliers,  and  served  with  this  regiment 
till  1893.  He  left  England  for  the 
Klondike  Yukon  Territory  in  1897,  and 
on  the  outbreak  of  war  in  January, 
1900,  he  volunteered  for  service  in 
South  Africa  ;  he  served  first  with  the 
2nd  Royal  Fusiliers  from  April,  1900, 
to  May,  1901  then  with  the  Rand  Rifles 
Mine  Guard  from  May,  1901,  to  October 
in  same  year,  and  finally  with  the 
Imperial  Military  Railway  Volunteer 
Corps  till  the  conclusion  of  the  war, 
when  he  was  awarded  a  pension  for 
wounds  received  in  active  service.  He 
subsequently  joined  the  Kimberley 
Regiment  and  was  transferred  to  the 
Diamond  Fields  Horse,  and  received  his  LIEUT-  R>  p-  CI-ARK- 

commission  in  the  Diamond  Fields  Field  Artillery  on  the  1st  March,  1905. 
On  the  4th  March,  1907,  he  was  transferred  to  the  5th  British  Columbia 
Regiment  Garrison  Artillery,  and  now  resides  in  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 


279 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

CIR  WILLIAM  MORTIMER  CLARK,  W.S.,  K.C.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Aberdeen,  Scotland,  the  24th  May,  1836,  the  son  of  John  Clark,  Esq., 
manager  of  the  Aberdeen  Insurance  Company  and  founder  of  the 
Caledonian  Bank,  and  of  Jane  (Mortimer)  Clark.  He  was  educated 
at  West-end  Academy,  the  Grammar  School,  and  Marischal  College, 
Aberdeen,  and  at  Edinburgh  University,  of  the  General  Council  of 
which  he  is  a  life  member.  He  was  admitted  a  Writer  to  the  Signet 
in  1859,  but  went  to  Canada  the  same  year,  and  in  1862  was  called  to 
the  Bar.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  successfully  followed  his 
profession  in  Toronto,  and  took 
silk  as  a  K.C.  in  1887.  In 
1878-9,  Sir  William  was  President 
of  the  Co.  York  Law  Association. 
A  Presbyterian  and  an  elder  of 
his  Church,  he  has  taken  a  great 
and  practical  interest  in  matters 
religious,  educational  and  phil- 
anthropic. He  was  Senator  of 
Toronto  University  for  fourteen 
years,  and  has  been  Chairman  of 
Knox  College,  Toronto,  since 
1880,  and  he  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  and  first  Directors  of 
the  St.  Andrew's  College  for  Boys. 
In  1900-1901  he  was  President  SIR  WIIJJAM  MORTIMICR  CLARK. 

of  the  St.  Andrew's  Society  in  Toronto.  Among  other  positions  he  has 
successfully  filled  are  those  of  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  Governor  of  Toronto  Hospital,  Director  of  Wellesley 
Hospital,  President  of  the  Toronto  Mortgage  Company,  and  Director  of  the 
Toronto  Gas  Company,  General  Electric  Company,  General  Trusts  Cor- 
poration, Metropolitan  Bank,  Norwich  Union  Fire  Insurance  Society,  etc., 
etc.  Sir  William  was  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Ontario  from  the  2Oth  April, 


CANADA 

1903,  to  September,  1908,  and  in  that  capacity  performed  the  opening 
ceremony  in  connection  with  the  King's  Royal  Park  at  Owen  Sound.  On 
relinquishing  this  honourable  position,  his  numerous  friends  presented  him 
with  a  handsome  silver  punch-bowl  and  salver  as  a  token  of  their  esteem 
and  regard.  In  1907  Sir  William  was  created  a  Knight  Bachelor  by  letters 
patent.  He  was  married  in  1866  to  Helen  Gordon,  daughter  of 
Gilbert  Gordon,  Esq.,  of  Caithness,  and  sister  to  the  late  John  Gordon,  Esq., 
President  of  the  Toronto,  Grey,  and  Bruce  Railway.*  Sir  William  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  articles  and  communications  to  the  Press  on 
various  topics,  including  sketches  of  travel  in  the  East,  Turkey,  Greece 
and  Russia.  A  Liberal  in  politics,  but  opposed  to  the  reciprocity  agreement 
with  the  United  States,  he  is  honoured  throughout  the  Dominion  as  a 
cultured  Christian  gentleman,  whose  life  has  been  one  of  high  and  honourable 
service  to  the  State  and  the  community. 

HTHE  HONOURABLE  WILLIAM  STEVENS  FIELDING,  Minister  of  Finance 
in  the  Canadian  Cabinet  in  Sir  Wilfrid  L,aurier's  Administration,  was 
born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  the  24th  November,  1848,  the  son  of  the  late 
Charles  and  Sarah  Fielding.  A  journalist  by  profession,  he  was  for  twenty  years 
connected  with  the  Halifax  Morning  Chronicle,  resigning  the  position 
of  managing  editor  to  engage  in  active  duties  of  public  life.  He  represented 
the  city  and  county  of  Halifax  in  the  Provincial  I/egislature  from  1882  to 
1896,  and  was  made  a  member  of  the  Cabinet  within  a  few  months  of  taking 
his  seat.  In  1884  he  was  entrusted  with  the  task  of  forming  a  new  Admin- 
istration— in  which  he  held  the  portfolio  of  Provincial  Secretary — which 
remained  in  power  until  Mr.  Fielding's  election  as  Member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  for  Shelburne  and  Queen's  and  his  transfer  to  Ottawa  as  Minister 
of  Finance  under  Sir  Wilfrid  L,aurier.  In  this  capacity  he  was  particularly 
charged  with  the  readjustment  of  the  Canadian  tariff,  and  submitted  to 
Parliament  the  measures  forming  the  British  preferential  tariff.  He  introduced 
the  Budget  during  fifteen  years,  "  a  fact  unique  in  the  history  of  Canada, 
showing  that  he  held  office  for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  Minister  of 

*Iyady  Clark  died  in  1913. 

281 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Finance."  As  acting-Minister  of  Railways  he,  in  1903,  conducted  the  nego- 
tiations resulting  in  the  agreement  to  construct  the  National  Trans-Continental 
Railway,  and  his  signature  was  appended  to  the  contract  between  the 
Government  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway. 

Mr.  Fielding  was  a  representative  of  Canada  at  the  Colonial  Conference 
of  1902,  and  was  also  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  Imperial  Conference 
of  1907,  which,  however,  he  was  unable  to  attend.  In  1907  he  was  one  of 
His  Majesty's  plenipotentiaries  for  the  negotiation  of  the  Franco-Canadian 
Commercial  Treaty  at  Paris, 
and  also  in  connection  with  the 
supplementary  Treaty  two  years 
later,  and  about  the  same  time 
negotiated  commercial  arrange- 
ments with  Germany,  the 
United  States,  Italy  and 
Belgium,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Royal  Commission  designed 
to  promote  mutual  trading 
facilities  between  Canada  and 
the  British  West  Indies.  In 
1910  he  went  to  Washington 
with  the  Hon.  G.  P.  Graham 
to  discuss  reciprocity  with 
President  Taft,  and  again  in  the 
January  following  with  the 
Hon.  W.  Paterson. 

Mr.  Fielding  was  married  in  1876  to  Hester,  daughter  of  Thomas  A. 
Rankine,  Esq.,  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  In  1902  he,  with  two 
daughters,  was  present  at  the  late  King  Edward's  Coronation  in  West- 
minster Abbey.  In  1905  he  visited  Italy  and  Rome,  and  had  a  private 
audience  of  the  Pope.  Visiting  London  in  1907,  he  had  the  felicity  of  a 
presentation  to  King  Edward  and  Queen  Alexandra,  and  the  following 
year,  that  in  which  he  was  entertained  at  a  banquet  in  Paris  by  the 


THE   HON.  \V.  S.   FIELDING. 


282 


CANADA 

directors  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Commerce,  he  had  the  honour  of 
lunching  with  T.R.H.  the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales,  now  Their 
Majesties  the  King  and  Queen.  In  1909  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fielding  and  their 
daughter  were  presented  to  King  Edward  and  Queen  Alexandra,  and  Mr. 
Fielding  was  received  in  private  audience  by  His  Majesty. 

Mr.  Fielding  is  a  Governor  of  Dalhousie  University,  a  D.C.I/.  (Hon.)  of 
Acadia  University,  and  LL.D.  (Hon.)  of  Queen's,  McGill  and  Dalhousie 
Universities.  He  resides  at  Montreal. 


'-pHE    HONOURABLE     JAMES     KIDD     FLEMMING    was     born     of     Irish 
parentage,  the  2;th  April,   1868,  in   Woodstock,  the   county   town  of 
Carletoii,  New  Brunswick.     A  merchant  and  lumber  manufacturer  by  business, 
he    was   elected  to   the   Legis- 
lature  in    January,    1900,    and 
again  in  1903  and   1908.       On 
the  24th  March  of  the  last-named 
year     he    was    sworn    of    the 
Executive  Council  as  Provincial 
Secretary  in  the  Hazen  Cabinet, 
and  re-elected  by  acclamation  on 
the  7th  April  following.    On  the 
dissolution  of  the  Hazen  Cabinet 
upon   the    acceptance   of   office 
in     the     Borden      (Dominion) 
Cabinet    by    the    Premier,   Mr. 
Flemming   was   called  upon  to 
form  a  Cabinet,  which  he  did, 
assuming  the  offices  of  Premier 
and  Surveyor-General,  the  i6th 
October,    IQII.      Subsequently 
the  University  of  New  Brunswick  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of    LL.D.        Mr.    Flemming   married   in    1890,  his    wife   being   S.    Helena 
Fleming.     He  is  a  Conservative  in  politics  and  a  Presbyterian. 

283 


THE  HOX.  J.  K.  FLBMMJXO. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

^\/ILLIAM  SAMUEL  GOLDBY,  ESQ.,  of  the  Bank  of  British  North 
America,  was  born  the  i6th  February,  1855,  the  son  of  the  late  Major 

William  Ooldby,  formerly  of  the  Royal  Sussex  Regiment.  Educated  at 

Rochester  Grammar  School  and 
privately,  he  entered  the  service 
of  the  Bank  of  British  North 
America  in  London,  the  22nd 
August,  1872,  and  was  appointed 
Manager  in  1901.  Mr.  Goldby 
has  had  no  Colonial  service,  but 
he  has  been  twice  to  the  other 
side  to  study  banking  and 
commercial  conditions.  He 
served  in  the  Volunteer  Force 
for  upwards  of  fifteen  years, 
mostly  with  the  London  Rifle 
Brigade.  Golf  and  fly-fishing 
are  his  recreations,  and  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Canada  Club 
and  of  the  Sidcup  Golf  Club. 

WILLIAM    SAMUEL    GOLDBY,    KsQ.  ^    G()ldby  ^  marriedf  the 

nth    March,    1880,    to    Frances    H.    E.,    younger    daughter    of    the    late 
Lieutenant-Colonel   Septimus  Lyster,  formerly  of   the  Connaught   Rangers. 

'T'HE  HONOURABLE  SIR  LOMER  GOUIN,  the  present  Prime  Minister 
and  Attorney-General  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  is  a  man  of  many 
honourable  attainments.  Born  in  Grondines,  Quebec,  in  1861,  and 
educated  at  Sorel  and  Levis,  he  married  in  1888  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Honore  Mercier,  the  ex-Premier  of  Quebec,  by  whom  he  has  two  sons. 
He  entered  the  Bar  in  1884,  and  after  sixteen  years  of  strenuous  legal 
work  was  admitted  as  Queen's  Counsel  in  1900.  Since  1897  he  has  variously 
sat  as  member  for  Montreal  and  Portneuf  in  the  Provincial  Parliament; 
has  successively,  during  the  last  twelve  years,  held  the  offices  of  Minister  of 

284 


CANADA 

Colonisation  and  Public 
Works,  and  of  President 
of  the  Executive  Council 
and  Attorney-General, 
Quebec,  and  was  Alder- 
man of  the  City  of  Mon- 
treal during  1900  ;  and 
in  recognition  of  his  many 
services  was  awarded,  in 
1908,  a  well-deserved 
Knighthood.  Although 
devoted  to  outdoor  re- 
creations, principally 
hunting  and  fishing,  he 
is  above  all  a  man  of 
literary  tastes,  and  is  re- 
puted to  be  one  of  the 
best  lawyers  and  states- 
men the  Province  of  Quebec  has  produced. 

A/TAJOR  WILLIAM  HART-McHARCi,  6th  Regiment,  "The  Duke  of  Con- 
naught's  Own  Rifles,"  Vancouver,  Canada,  was  in  command  of  "  B  " 
Company,  Canadian  Coronation  Contingent.  He  is  the  only  son  of  the  late 
Major  W.  Hart-McHarg  of  the  44th  (Essex)  Regiment,  and  was  born  in 
Kilkenny  Barracks,  on  the  i6th  February,  1869.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Collegiate  School,  Brentwood,  Essex,  and  at  a  private  school  in 
Bruges,  Belgium.  He  went  to  Manitoba  in  1885,  and  took  up  the  study 
of  law  in  1890,  being  called  to  the  bar  in  Winnipeg  in  1895.  In  1897 
he  removed  to  British  Columbia  and  was  called  to  the  bar  of  that  Province. 
While  a  law  student  in  Winnipeg  he  served  three  years  as  a  trooper  in 
the  Winnipeg  Dragoons  and  on  arrival  in  British  Columbia  joined  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Rangers  as  a  private.  He  was  gazetted  a  Lieutenant 
in  1899,  and  on  the  outbreak  of  the  South  African  war  he  volunteered  for 


THI-;    HOX.    SIR    LOMER    GOUIX. 


285 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

service  in  the  first  contingent  (the  Royal  Canadian  Regiment),  but  being 
unable  to  obtain  commissioned  rank,  owing  to  the  large  number  of  officers 
throughout  Canada  who  had  applied,  he  resigned  his  Commission  in  the 
R.M.R.  with  the  consent  of  the  Minister  of  Militia,  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  Royal  Canadian  Regiment,  and  shortly  after  the  arrival  of  the  Regiment 
in  South  Africa  was  promoted  to  Sergeant.  He  received  the  Queen's  Medal 

and  Clasps  for  Paardeberg,  Drie- 
fontein,  Johannesburg,  and  Cape 
Colony.  On  his  return  to  British 
Columbia  he  was  reinstated  as  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  R.M.R.  and 
promoted  to  Captain  in  1902, 
subsequently  transferring  to  the 
6th  Regiment,  D.C.O.R.  He 
obtained  his  Majority  in  1910. 

Major  Hart-McHarg  is  well 
known  as  a  rifle  shot.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Canadian 
Bisley  team  several  times,  and 
has  shot  for  Canada  in  the 
Kolapore  (1907-1910),  Mackinnon 
(1907-1910)  and  Empire  (1910) 
team  matches.  In  1907  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Canadian  team 
in  the  Palma  Trophy  contest  at 
Ottawa  against  British,  Australian 
and  American  teams.  He  won 
the  Governor-General's  prize  at 
MAJOR  WILLIAM  HART-MCIIARO.  Ottawa  in  1908,  all  the  aggregates 

at  the  B.C.  rifle  meeting  in  1909,  and  tied  for  first  place  in  the  Prince  of 
Wales  match  at  Bisley  in  1910  with  a  record  score. 

Major  Hart-McHarg  is  the  author  of  "  From  Quebec  to  Pretoria,"  the 
story  of  the  Royal  Canadian  Regiment  in  South  Africa,  and  joint  author  of 

286 


CANADA 

a  historical  souvenir  of  the  6th  Regiment,  D.C.O.R.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  following  clubs  :  Vancouver,  United  Service,  Country  (Vancouver), 
Canadian  Military  Institute  (Toronto),  Junior  Army  and  Navy  (London). 


'"THE    HONOURABLE    JOHN     DOUGLAS    HA/EX,    K.C.,    LL.D.,    Canadian 
statesman  and  lawyer,  is  of  Loyalist-Puritan  descent,  and  was  born  the 

5th  June,  1860,  in  Oromocto,  vSunbury  Co.,  New  Brunswick.     The  family  were 

among  the  oldest  settlers  in  the  New  World.     Mr.  Hazen  is  descended  from 

Edward  Hazen,  who  left  Northumberland  in  England  for  Massachusetts  in 

1648,     and    more    immediately 

from   John   Hazen,    who,    with 

his  brother  'William,  went  from 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  settled  in 

Portland,    New    Brunswick,    in 

1775.     He  is  the  son  of  the  late 

James  King  Hazen,   Esq.,   and 

his  mother  was  a  daughter   of 

the  late  Hon.  John  A.  Beckwith. 

His  maternal  grandfather   was 

Provincial     Secretary    of    New 

Brunswick,    and   a   member    of 

the    Legislative    Council.       His 

paternal     grandfather    was    an 

officer    in    H.M.'s    Army,    and 

Sheriff  of   Sunbury  County   for 

over  twenty -five  years. 

Mr.    Douglas   Hazen    was 

educated     at     the      Collegiate 

School,    Fredericton,    and    is    a 

B.A.,    B.C.L-,    and  LL.D.   of  New  Brunswick  University.     He  was  called 

to  the  Bar  in  1883,  and  made  a  K.C.  in  1894,  practising  first  at  Fredericton 

and  then  removing,  in  1890,  to  St.  John.      Besides  being  a  Senator  of  his 

University  and  President  of  the  Barristers'  Society,  he  was  an  Alderman  of 


THE  HOX.   J.   D.    HAZIvN. 


287 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Fredericton  for  three  years,  and  Mayor  for  two  years,  bearing  meanwhile  a 
prominent  part  in  local  societies  and  undertakings.  He  sat  in  the  House  of 
Commons  for  St.  John  city  and  county  for  five  years,  1891-1896,  and  gave 
support  to  Mr.  Davin's  motion  for  the  extension  of  the  Dominion  franchise  to 
women.  He  was  defeated  in  1896,  but  was  elected  for  Sunbury  (local)  in  1899, 
and  again  in  1903  and  1908.  Chosen  leader  of  the  Opposition  (local)  in  1899,  he 
inflicted  a  crushing  defeat  on  the  Robinson  Government  at  the  general  election 
in  March,  1908,  which  gave  him  a  contingent  of  31  supporters  against  12 
adherents  of  the  Government.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Robinson,  Mr. 
Hazen  was  summoned  by  the  Lieut. -Governor  to  form  a  Government,  which 
he  did,  taking  the  Premier's  portfolio  and  the  post  of  Attorney-General.  The 
Cabinet  was  sworn  in  on  the  24th  March,  1908,  and  every  member  thereof  was 
re-elected  by  acclamation.  Mr.  Hazen  retained  office  till  the  loth  October,  1911, 
when  he  was  sworn  of  the  Privy  Council  and  appointed  Minister  of  Marine 
and  Fisheries  and  of  Naval  affairs  in  Mr.  Borden's  (Dominion)  Cabinet. 
Mr.  Daniel,  M.P.  elect  for  St.  John,  retiring,  Mr.  Hazen  was  elected 
by  acclamation,  the  27th  October,  1911.  We  may  add  that  on  the  naval 
question  he  was  in  favour  of  giving  aid  to  the  Mother  Country,  and  that  he 
was  opposed  to  the  Taft-Fi elding  reciprocity  compact.  Mr.  Hazen  attended 
the  Coronation  of  King  George  and  Queen  Mary,  and  was  presented  to  their 
Majesties,  and  in  1912  accompanied  Mr.  Borden  to  England,  where  he  sat 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Imperial  Defence  and  was  consulted  by 
the  Admiralty  with  regard  to  the  naval  defence  of  the  Empire. 

Mr.  Hazen  married,  the  22nd  September,  1884,  Ada  C.,  second  daughter  of 
James  Tibbitts,  Esq.,  of  Fredericton.  He  is  a  Conservative,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  England,  enjoys  golfing,  and  his  clubs  are  the  Union, 
St.  John,  Mount  Royal,  Montreal,  Rideau  and  Country,  Ottawa.  He 
has  residences  at  Ottawa,  Ontario,  and  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 


J-JERBERT     SAMUEL    HOLT,     ESQ.,    civil     engineer,    financier    and    man 

of  business,    was  born  in   Dublin,  in    1856,    the   younger   son   of    the 

late  William  Robert  Grattan  Holt,   Esq.,  of    King's  County.      He   studied 

288 


CANADA 


civil  engineering  in  Ireland,  and  went  out  to  Canada  in  1875,  where, 
down  to  1883,  he  acted  successively  as  Engineer  for  the  Credit  Valley, 
Victoria,  Lake  Simcoe  Junction,  Ontario  and  Quebec,  and  other  railways. 
In  1883-4  ne  was  engaged  as  Engineer  and  Superintendent  of  Construction 
to  the  Prairie  and  Mountain  divisions  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  and  in  succeeding  years  carried  out  extensive  contracts  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  Province  of  Quebec  and  State  of  Maine,  in 
connection  with  the  same  line. 
In  1889-92,  he  built,  in  partner- 
ship with  Messrs.  Ross,  Mac- 
kenzie, and  Mann,  the  Regina, 
Qu'Appelle  and  Long  Lake 
and  the  Calgary  and  Edmonton 
Railways,  aggregating  550 
miles.  Since  then  Mr.  Holt 
has  devoted  his  whole  time  to 
financial  and  banking  business. 
He  is  President  of  the  Royal 
Bank  of  Canada,  and  from  1902 
to  1904  occupied  a  similar 
important  position  in  the 
Sovereign  Bank  of  Canada, 
while  he  has  taken  a  leading 
part  in  forming  and  controlling 
a  very  large  number  of  financial 
and  commercial  undertakings 

in  the  Dominion.  In  1911  the  Montreal  Star  rated  him  as  a 
millionaire,  and  the  Montreal  Herald  bore  testimony  to  his  "immense 
capacity  for  hard  work "  and  to  his  energy  and  application.  Mr.  Holt 
married  in  1890  Jessie,  eldest  daughter  of  Andrew  Paton,  Esq., 
manufacturer,  Sherbrooke,  Province  of  Quebec,  who  like  her  husband 
has  taken  a  keen  interest  in  support  of  the  philanthropic  institutions 
of  Montreal,  where  they  reside.  Mr.  Holt  takes  an  interest  in  sport, 


HIvKBKRT    SAMUCI,    H3LT,    ESQ. 


289 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


and  is  a  member  of,  among  other  leading  clubs,  the  Thistle  Curling 
Club,  Royal  Montreal  Golf  Club,  Royal  St.  Lawrence  Yacht  Club, 
Forest  and  Stream  Club,  Mount  Royal  Club,  etc. 

CIR  WILLIAM  CORNELIUS  VAN  HORNE,  K.C.M.G.  (Hon.),  was  born  in 
Will  County,  Illinois,  the  3rd  February,  1843,  the  son  of  Cornelius  Coven- 
hoven  Van  Home,  Esq.,  counsellor- at -law,  and  Mary  Minier  (Richards) 
Van  Home.  Educated  at  the  local  schools,  he  entered  the  railway  service 
in  1857  as  a  telegraph  operator  on  the  Illinois  Central  line,  and  after 
transferring  his  energies  for 
a  time  to  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral, became  in  turn  ticket 
agent,  train  despatcher, 
superintendent  of  telegraphs, 
and  divisional  superintendent 
on  the  Chicago  and  Alton 
Railway.  In  1872  he  was 
appointed  General  Superin- 
tendent of  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  and  Northern 
Railway,  and  in  1874  General 
Manager  of  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railway,  of  which 
he  was  President  from  1877 
to  1879.  After  filling  impor- 
tant positions  on  the  Chicago 
and  Alton,  and  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
Railways,  he  was  in  1882  made  General  Manager  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  and  in  that  capacity  saw  the  line  carried  to  completion. 
From  1884  to  1888  he  was  Vice-President  of  the  company,  and  from 
1888  to  1899  its  President,  and  subsequently  from  1899  to  1910  Chairman 
of  Directors.  He  is  still  a  Director  of  the  line  and  is  President  of  the 


SIR    WIUJAM     COKNEIJUS     VAN     HORNE. 


2QO 


CANADA 

Cuba  Company  and  various  other  enterprises.  He  has  also  found  time  for 
other  pursuits,  and  at  vSelkirk,  in  Manitoba,  and  elsewhere  has  several 
model  farms  for  the  raising  of  pure-bred  live  stock,  etc.,  while 
he  has  also  a  wide  reputation  as  a  keen  connoisseur  of  Japanese  and  Chinese 
art  and  as  a  collector  of  valuable  paintings.  Sir  William  was  made  K.C.M.G. 
(Hon.),  in  1894,  by  Queen  Victoria,  and  here  it  may  be  stated  that  he  is  a 
supporter  of  the  principle  of  Canadian  contribution  to  the  British  Navy, 
and  that  he  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  Taft-Fielding  reciprocity  agreement 
with  the  United  States.  Sir  William,  who  resides  at  513,  Sherbrooke 
Street,  W.,  Montreal,  married,  in  1867,  Lucy  Adeline,  daughter  of  Erastus 
Kurd,  Esq.,  C.E.,  of  Galesbury,  Illinois. 


JOHN  HOWARD,  ESQ.,  was  born  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he 
•J  received  his  early  education,  and  was  afterwards  sent  in  turn  to 
Leamington,  England ;  Boulogne,  France ;  and  Leipzig,  Germany,  to  con- 
tinue his  studies,  covering  a  period  of  about  six  years  spent  in 
England  and  on  the  Continent.  On  returning  to  Halifax,  he  engaged  in 
business,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  had  the  entire  management 
of  one  of  the  leading  commercial  houses  in  the  Province,  which  was  the 
pioneer  of  extensive  advertising  in  that  country.  Later  on,  Mr.  Howard 
joined  the  staff  of  the  High  Commissioner's  office  in  London,  and  served 
under  the  late  Sir  Alexander  Gait  and  the  distinguished  Sir  Charles  Tupper, 
acquiring  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  working  of  each  of  the  Depart- 
ments devoted  to  official  business,  accounts,  and  emigration  respectively. 

During  this  period  the  great  Canadian  North-West  was  being  vigor- 
ously advertised,  and  the  energies  of  the  Dominion  were  mainly  devoted 
to  attracting  settlers  to  that  region.  This  not  only  resulted  in  the  substantial 
claims  of  the  East  being  overlooked,  but  many  men  were  attracted  away 
from  there  by  the  alluring  descriptions  of  the  West,  leaving  behind  them 
excellent  homesteads,  which  would  make  happy  and  prosperous  many  farming 
families  in  this  country.  His  personal  experience  convinced  Mr.  Howard 
that  if  Nova  Scotia  wished  to  replace  those  leaving,  and  to  receive  a  fair 

291 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


share  of  settlers,  she  would  have  to  make  more  widely  known  her  bountiful 
resources. 

In  1891  Mr.  Howard,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  travelled  through  the 
Dominion,  visiting  every  Province  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  as  well 
as  many  parts  of  the  Eastern,  Middle,  and  Western  States,  and  great  as  were 
the  inducements  there  offering,  he  was  confirmed  in  his  opinion  that  the 
advantages  obtaining  in  Nova  Scotia  were  unsurpassed  elsewhere.  Subse- 
quent visits  at  frequent  intervals  have  only  tended  to  endorse  this. 

Mr.  Howard  has  always 
taken  an  enthusiastic  pride  in 
his  native  province,  and  been 
impressed  with  the  good  work 
to  be  done  in  making  wide- 
spread dissemination  of  the 
opportunities  it  offers  to  the 
right  classes  for  the  profitable 
development  of  its  varied 
natural  wealth  ;  and  he  was 
most  admirably  qualified  to  fill 
the  post  of  Agent-General  to 
which  he  was  appointed  in  1892. 
Owing  to  the  policy  of  the 
Nova  Scotia  Government  not 
justifying  the  necessary  expen- 
diture in  this  work,  and  being 
JOHN  HOWARD,  ESQ.  possessed  of  independent  means, 

Mr.  Howard  placed  gratuitously  his  experience,  and  services,  at  its 
disposal,  for  the  advancement  of  his  native  province.  At  this  time  our 
Colonies  were  neither  so  prominent  nor  so  well  appreciated  by  the  general 
public  as  now,  and  to  declare  oneself  a  Colonial  was  then  little  short  of 
inviting  disdain. 

An  ardent  Imperialist,  holding  strong  views  that  every  citizen  should 
contribute  some  personal  service  to  the  State,  he  has  served  in  the  Canadian 


292 


CANADA 

Militia,  subsequently  joining  the  Volunteers  in  this  country,  and  when  the 
King's  Colonial  Imperial  Yeomanry  (now  King  Edward's  Horse)  Regiment 
was  raised  in  1901,  he  assisted  in  its  formation  and  commanded  the  Canadian 
Squadron,  retiring  this  year  with  the  Territorial  Decoration,  after  twenty- 
three  years'  service.  He  is  an  expert  revolver  and  rifle  shot,  and  won  the 
coveted  St.  George's  Vase  at  Bisley  several  years  ago. 

Mr.  Howard  and  his  accomplished  wife  have  deservedly  acquired  a  high 
reputation  for  their  liberal  hospitality  to  Nova  Scotians,  as  well  as  to  other 
Canadians  in  this  country,  and  thanks  to  their  personal  generosity,  the 
enjoyable  gatherings  held  in  Pall  Mall  on  the  occasions  of  important  public 
functions  will  long  be  remembered  by  those  who  attended  them. 

Without  political  bias  or  seeking  patronage,  his  has  been  a  work  of 
disinterested  patriotism,  rare  enough  in  these  days,  ever  planning  and  working 
for  the  good  of  the  community,  and  it  is  mainly  due  to  his  efforts  and  the 
results  of  his  varied  experience  and  knowledge  during  the  twenty-one  years 
he  has  filled  the  post  of  Agent-General,  that  Nova  Scotia  holds  so  high  a 
place  in  London  to-day,  thus  laying  the  Province  under  a  deep  and  lasting 
obligation.  Having  identified  himself  with  the  work,  he  will  not  be  satisfied 
until  Nova  Scotia  comes  into  its  own,  and  secures  the  recognition  its 
importance  merits. 

COLONEL  SAMUEL  HUGHES,  M.P.,  was  born  in  Darlington,  Ontario,  on  the 
8th  January,  1853,  son  of  John  Hughes,  Esq.,  a  native  of  Tyrone,  Ireland, 
and  Caroline  Laughlin,  of  Scoto-Irish  Huguenot  descent.  He  was  educated 
at  Public  Schools,  Toronto  Model  and  Normal  Schools,  and  the  University 
of  Toronto,  and  was  Lecturer  in  the  English  Language  and  in  Literature 
and  History  in  Toronto  Collegiate  Institute,  until  1885,  when  he  purchased 
the  Lindsay  Warder,  which  he  edited  until  1897. 

He  entered  the  Volunteer  Militia  in  early  life,  was  gazetted  Lieutenant 
in  the  45th  Regiment  in  1873  ;  Captain  and  Adjutant  in  1878  ;  Brevet-Major 
in  1888  ;  Major  in  1895  ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  Commanding  the  Regiment 
in  1897,  and  as  such  took  part  in  the  Military  Display  in  London  in  connection 
with  the  Celebration  of  Queen  Victoria's  Diamond  Jubilee,  for  which  he  was 

293 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE     EMPIRE 


awarded  the  Medal.  In  October,  in  the  latter  year,  he  tendered  to  the  Imperial 
Government  the  services  of  the  45th  Regiment  to  proceed  to  any  part  of 
the  globe  on  active  service.  Among  his  numerous  appointments,  he  held 
those  of  Acting  Brigade-Major,  Military  District  No.  3,  in  1886  ;  Brigadier, 
Niagara,  in  1899,  and  from  1897-8  visited  New  Zealand,  Australia,  and  the 
Fiji  Islands  in  the  interest  of  Colonial  assistance  in  Imperial  wars. 

During  the  South 
African  war,  in  which  he 
took  part,  he  rose  to  be 
assistant  to  Colonel  Wynter 
on  the  transport  to  the 
Modder  River,  and  was 
subsequently  assistant  to 
Inspector- General  Sir 
Henry  H.  Settle,  on  the 
lines  of  communication 
throughout  South  Africa, 
traversing  all  the  rail 
routes ;  Chief  of  Intelligence 
for  General  Sir  H.  Settle 
on  Piceska  and  Gordonia 
campaign  to  German  West 
Africa,  February  to  April, 
1900;  Chief  of  Intelli- 
gence Staff  to  I/ieutenant- 
COLONRL  SAMUEL  HUGHES,  M.p.  General  Sir  Charles  Warren 

in  Griqualand  West,  and  the  Bechuanaland  campaign  from  May  to  July,  1900 ; 
commanded  Mounted  Brigade,  and  led  in  the  attack  on  and  the  capture  of 
Douglas  and  Orpen's  Heights,  when  he  was  mentioned  in  despatches  ;  was 
engaged  in  the  operations  along  the  Kaap  Mountains  at  Tweefontein, 
Knoffelfontein,  and  Campbell  ;  commanded  the  force  in  the  advance  into 
Bechuanaland  ;  captured  475  Boers  near  Kuruman,  with  immense  stock  of 
transport  and  ammunition  in  June,  1900  (despatches)  ;  was  Assistant 


294 


CANADA 

Adjutant-General  of  the  South  African  Forces  in  1899-1900  ;  was  promoted 
to  Colonel  in  1902,  and  appointed  Railway  Intelligence  Officer  at  Head 
Quarters  in  the  following  year. 

He  has  been  President  of  the  Dominion  Rifle  Association ;  was  appointed 
Chairman  on  the  Board  of  Visitors,  Royal  Military  College,  in  1910  ;  and 
Railway  Intelligence  Officer,  Quebec  Tercentenary  Celebration,  in  1908. 
President,  Standing  Committee  on  Small  Arms  for  Canada ;  and  was  present 
at  the  Coronation  of  King  George,  in  1911. 

Colonel  Hughes  is  a  Conservative  stalwart,  and  believes  in  "  one  great 
Imperial  Parliament  in  which  the  representatives  of  England,  of  Canada, 
of  India,  of  Australia,  of  New  Zealand,  and  South  Africa,  would  meet  in 
a  great  Full  Partnership  Union."  In  1891  he  unsuccessfully  contested 
North  Victoria  in  the  General  Election,  but  was  elected  for  the  same 
constituency  in  the  following  year  ;  he  has  since  sat  for  Victoria  and 
Haliburton,  and  was  re-elected  in  1911,  as  an  opponent  of  the  Taft-Fielding 
reciprocity  programme,  and  became  Minister  of  Militia  and  Defence  in  the 
new  Borden  Cabinet.  He  holds  high  rank  in  the  Orange  Order,  and  is  a 
Freemason. 

Colonel  Hughes  married,  first,  Caroline  J.,  daughter  of  the  late  Major 
Isaac  Preston,  of  Vancouver,  British  Columbia,  and  second,  Mary  E.,  eldest 
daughter  of  H.  W.  Burk,  Esq.,  ex-M.P.  for  West  Durham.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Albany  Club,  Toronto,  and  of  the  Canadian,  L,aurentian,  and  Rideau 
Clubs,  Ottawa ;  is  a  former  amateur  athlete,  and  the  author  of  several  well- 
known  educational  works. 

I-TENRY  VICTOR  FRANKLIN  JONES,  ESQ.,  banker,  is  a  son  of  the  late  C.  S. 
and  Helen  (Macdougall)  Jones,  and  was  born  in  St.  Mary's,  Ontario,  the 
28th  September,  1871.  His  mother  was  sister  to  the  late  Hon.  William  Mac- 
dougall, C.B.,  one  of  the  "  Fathers  of  Confederation."  He  entered  the  service  of 
the  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  the  isth  December,  1887,  and  after  filling 
positions  at  the  head  office  and  at  New  York,  was  appointed  Manager  of  the 
L,ondon  (England)  branch  of  the  same  house.  Mr.  Jones,  who  was  married,  June, 
1904,  to  Bunella,  daughter  of  the  late  E.  W.Rathbun,  Esq.,  of  Deseronto,  Ontario, 

295 


LEADING    MEN    OE    THE     EMPIRE 


is  a  Presbyterian,  and  a  member 
of  St.  Columba's  Church  in 
London,  residing  at  7,  Grosvenor 
Hill,  Wimbledon,  S.W.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Canada  Club,  City 
Club,  Conservative  Club  and  City 
Carlton  Club,  London,  and  of  the 
Richmond  Country  Club,  New 
York. 

T  I  E  U  T  E  X  A  X  T-C  O  L  O  X  E  L 
CHARLES  TARIEU  DE 
LAXAUDIERE  is  the  son  of  the 
late  Lieutenant- Colonel  Charles 
B.  G.  Tarieu  de  Lanaudiere,  in 
his  lifetime  Seigneur  of  Lavaltrie 
and  Joliette,  Province  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  and  the  last  representa- 
tive of  a  family  belonging  to  the 

old  French  noblesse,  whose  members  played  an  important  part  in  Canadian 
history,  under  both  French  and  English  occupation  of  the  country,  and 
distinguished  themselves  in  the  defence  of  Canada,  before  and  after  the 
cession  of  the  colony.  One  of  them  fought  with  de  Beaujeu  at  the  Battle 
of  Monongahela  against  Washington's  troops,  both  he  and  the  former  being 
buried  in  their  triumph,  after  a  great  victory  over  the  latter's  army.  The 
first  of  the  de  Lanaudiere  family  came  to  Canada  in  1672  as  a  Captain  in 
the  famous  regiment  of  Carignan  Salieres,  and  occupied  the  post  of  Governor 
of  Montreal.  Lieutenant-Colonel  de  Lanaudiere  is  also  a  direct  descendant 
of  the  famous  "  Heroine  de  Vercheres,"  whose  name  belongs  to  the 
history  of  Canada,  and  his  great  grandfather,  the  Hon.  Charles  Tarieu 
de  Lanaudiere,  Chevalier  de  St.  Louis,  after  having  fought  with  the 
French  at  Carillon  and  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  became  Aide-de-Camp 
to  Sir  Guy  Carlton,  afterward  Lord  Dorchester,  Governor  of  Canada,  and 

296 


Lttlaycttc. 

HEXRY    VICTOR    KRAXKLIN    JONES,    ESQ. 


CANADA 


rendered    great     services    to    the    British 
cause  during  the  American  war  of   1775- 

Lieutenant-Colonel  de  Lanaudiere 
was  born  at  the  Manor  House  of  Joliette, 
Canada,  on  the  loth  September,  1862, 
and  was  educated  at  the  Seminary  of 
Joliette  and  at  the  Ottawa  College.  By 
profession  he  is  a  barrister,  and  is  un- 
married. He  entered  the  83rd  Regiment 
of  Joliette  in  1882  as  Lieutenant,  and 
in  IQII,  as  Major  of  the  regiment,  he  ac- 
companied the  contingent  to  the  Coronation 
Ceremonies,  in  command  of  the  "  A " 
Company  of  Infantry,  and  received  the 
Coronation  Medal.  He  also  holds  the 
Colonial  Auxiliary  Forces  Decoration. 


A/TAJOR  WILLIAM  ROBERT  LANG,  of  the 

Canadian  Engineers,  who  accompanied 
the  Canadian  Coronation  contingent  as  Adjutant  of  Dismounted  Troops,  has 
had  a  versatile  military  experience.  Appointed  2nd  Lieutenant  in  the 
1st  Volunteer  Lanarkshire  Royal  Engineers  in  1889,  he  became  Captain 
in  1896,  and  Captain  in  the  Imperial  Reserve  of  Officers  in  the  following 
year.  He  has  served  with  various  regiments  during  training,  at  different 
times,  with  the  1st  Cheshire  R.E.,  the  ist  Battalion  Argyll  and  Suther- 
land Highlanders,  the  5th  Battalion  Royal  Warwickshire  (now  the  3rd 
Battalion),  and  with  the  4th  Battalion  North  Staffordshire  Regiment,  and 
was  Acting  Adjutant  to  the  Diamond  Jubilee  Contingent  from  the  East  of 
Scotland  Volunteer  Brigade  in  1897.  In  1901  he  was  seconded  for  service 
under  the  Canadian  Government  to  organize  a  field  company  of  engineers 
of  the  Active  Militia,  which  he  commanded  for  two  consecutive  periods 
of  five  years. 


LT.-COL.    CHARLES    TARIEU 
DE    LANAUDIERE. 


297 


LEADING     MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


He  has  occupied  the  Chair 
of  Chemistry  in  the  University 
of  Toronto  since  igoo,  and  is  a 
graduate  of  Glasgow  University, 
of  which  he  is  a  D.Sc.  As  the 
author  of  various  papers  on 
chemistry  and  explosives,  and  a 
contributor  to  the  English  and 
French  scientific  journals,  his 
name  as  a  writer  is  widely  known. 


TN  the  brief  space  available  in 
this  record,  it  is  impossible 
to  give  more  than  the  merest  out- 
line of  the  career  of  THE  RIGHT 
HONOURABLE  SIR  WILFRID 

MAJOR   W.   R.   I,AXG.  T    .TmT,,^       /-,/-.  m-  /-, 

LAURIER,    G.C.M.G.,  LL.D.,    ETC. 

The  first  French-Canadian  to  hold  office  as  Premier  of  Canada,  he  is  one 
of  the  most  outstanding  figures  in  the  recent  history  of  that  country,  and 
has  devoted  his  whole  life  to  the  cause  of  her  political  and  economic 
development.  Born  in  Quebec  in  1841,  the  only  son  of  Carolus  L,aurier, 
P.Iy.S.,  and  Marcella  Martineau,  he  was  educated  at  the  famous  McGill 
University,  and  was  called  to  the  Bar  in  1864.  In  1871  he  entered 
Parliament,  and  three  years  later  became  a  member  of  the  Federal 
Assembly,  and  subsequently  held  the  Portfolio  of  Minister  of  Inland 
Revenue  in  the  Mackenzie  Ministry  of  1877.  From  that  time  onward  he 
led  a  strenuous  Parliamentary  life  in  the  Liberal  cause,  and  in  1888,  became 
leader  of  his  Party. 

At  the  General  Election  in  1896  his  Party  was  successful,  and  he 
was  sworn  into  office  as  President  of  the  Privy  Council  in  the  same  year. 
As  an  orator  he  took  precedence  everywhere,  and  at  one  time  was  editor 
of  Le  De/richeur.  On  the  occasion  of  the  Diamond  Jubilee,  he  was 


CANADA 


welcomed  in  the  Mother 
Country  in  almost  regal 
manner,  and  was  also 
received  by  the  President 
of  France  and  the  Pope 
with  unusual  honours. 

On  the  resignation 
of  Sir  Charles  Tupper  in 
1896,  he  became  Premier 
of  Canada,  occupying  this 
position  until  1911,  when 
the  Conservative  Party, 
under  the  leadership  of 
his  great  protagonist, 
Robert  Laird  Borden. 
succeeded  to  office. 


HONOURABLE 
RICHARD  McBRIDE,* 

Premier    of    British 

Columbia,    was    born    in  THR  RIOHT  nox.  SIR  WILFRID  I,AURIRR. 

the  city  of  New  Westminster,  B.C.,  on  the  i5th  December,  1870,  and 
is  the  son  of  the  late  A.  H.  McBride,  Esq.,  Warden  of  the  B.C.  Penitentiary. 
After  passing  through  the  public  and  high  schools  of  his  native  city, 
Mr.  McBride  took  the  law  course  at  Dalhousie  University,  Halifax, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  was  called  to  the  Bar  of  British  Columbia  in  1892. 
His  first  essay  in  politics  was  in  the  Dominion  General  Election  of  1896, 
and  although  unsuccessful  then,  he  was  returned  for  the  Riding  of 
Dewdney  in  the  Election  for  the  Provincial  Legislature  in  1898.  In  the 
year  1900  he  entered  the  Dunsmuir  Cabinet  as  Minister  of  Mines,  but, 
differing  from  his  colleagues  on  a  matter  of  policy,  he  resigned  from  the 
Government  in  the  autumn  of  the  next  year. 

*Now  Sir  Richard  McBride,  K.C.M.G 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


THE   HON.   RICHARD   McBRIDE. 


In  1902  Mr.  McBride  was 
chosen  L,eader  of  the  Opposition 
in  the  Provincial  House,  and  on 
the  fall  of  the  Prior  Government, 
became  Premier  on  the  ist  June, 
1903.  The  introduction  of  party 
lines  in  Provincial  politics  followed, 
Mr.  McBride  becoming  the  head 
of  the  first  Conservative  Govern- 
ment of  British  Columbia.  In 
the  General  Election  of  October, 
1903,  he  was  returned  to  power, 
and  again  in  February,  1907,  in 
November,  1909,  and  in  March, 
1912.  Mr.  McBride  is  Senior 
Member  for  the  City  of  Victoria. 
He  combines  with  the  office  of 
Premier  the  duties  of  Minister  of 
Mines.  He  is  an  lyly.B.  of  Dal- 
housie  University,  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  and  resides  in  Victoria,  B.C. 


npHAT  CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  A.  McKEE,  of  the  igth  Battery,  C.F.A.,  of 
Moncton,  New  Brunswick,  who  was  Adjutant  of  the  Artillery  Brigade 
of  the  Canadian  Coronation  contingent,  inherits  military  tendencies  is 
scarcely  a  matter  for  great  surprise.  His  great-grandfather  fought  in 
the  Battle  of  Waterloo  ;  a  great-uncle  served  through  the  Crimean  war, 
taking  part  in  many  engagements;  an  uncle  fought  through  the  Fenian 
raid,  while  his  father  was  for  some  years  lieutenant  in  an  Engineer  Corps. 
He  is  a  descendant  of  a  United  Empire  Loyalist  who  settled  in  St.  John, 
New  Brunswick,  and  was  the  first  Indian  Commissioner  of  New  Brunswick. 
Captain  McKee,  although  a  young  man,  has  had  considerable  experience, 
having  served  for  five  years  as  lieutenant  in  the  82nd  Regiment,  Abegweit 


300 


CANADA 


Light  Infantry  ;  one  year  in  the 
South  African  war  with  the  2nd 
Canadian  Mounted  Rifles,  and 
following  this  joined  the  Artillery 
as  Adjutant  for  three  years  of  the 
4th  Brigade  C.F.A.  He  holds  an 
important  appointment  on  the 
Staff  of  Maintenance  of  Way  and 
Structures  of  the  Intercolonial 
Railway  of  Canada,  and  among 
his  many  other  activities  finds 
time  to  fulfil  the  duties  of 
organist  and  choir  master  of  the 
Central  Methodist  Church  at 
Moncton. 


CAPTAIN    WILLIAM    A.    McKEE. 

(CHARLES  A.  MAGRATH,  ESQ.,  of  Ottawa,  is  the  only  son  of  Bolton  Magrath, 
Esq.,  who  was  for  several  years  assistant  in  Markree  Observatory, 
Ireland,  and  subsequently  was  employed  as  Civil  Engineer  on  some  of  the 
early  British  Railways ;  he  subsequently  emigrated  to  America  in  1855,  and 
was  for  many  years  Inspector  of  Schools  in  counties  Ottawa  and  Pontiac. 
His  only  son,  the  subject  of  this  memoir,  was  bora  at  North  Augusta, 
Ontario,  in  1860. 

In  1878  he  went  to  the  Canadian  West,  where  he  became  prominently 
identified  with  development  work  in  Southern  Alberta,  especially  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Gait  irrigation  and  other  enterprises.  He  sat  in  the  old 
North- West  Assembly  for  two  terms,  and  was  elected  in  1908  as  Conservative 
Member  in  the  Federal  Parliament  for  Medicine  Hat,  a  constituency  which 
occupies  the  entire  southern  part  of  Alberta.  In  1911,  as  an  opponent 
of  reciprocity,  he  was  defeated  in  the  General  Election,  and  was  appointed  in 
November  of  the  same  year  a  member  of  the  International  Joint  Commission, 
under  the  Treaty  of  1909,  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States. 


301 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


He  married  first,  in  1887, 
Margaret  Mair,  who  died  in  1892, 
and  second,  in  1899,  Mabel  L,.  Gait, 
daughter  of  the  late  Sir  A.  T. 
Gait,  G.C.M.G.,  who  was  the  first 
Canadian  High  Commissioner  in 
Ivondon. 

Mr.  Magrath  attended  their 
Majesties'  Coronation  as  one  of 
the  five  Conservative  representa- 
tives from  the  House  of  Commons. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Rideau 
Club,  Ottawa,  and  the  Mount 
Royal  Club,  Montreal. 


DICHARD   MARPOLK,  ESQ.,  the 

CHARI,KS    A     MAGRATH,     I-;so.  -^  ,. 

present    General   Executive 

Assistant  for  British  Columbia  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  was  born  in 
Wales,  the  8th  October,  1850.  He  is  the  son  of  Richard  and  Eleanor  (Evans) 
Marpole,  who  were  also  natives  of  Wales,  where  his  father  was  for  several  years 
engaged  in  business  and  during  the  later  years  of  his  life  in  agriculture. 

Richard  Marpole  was  educated  in  the  common  and  grammar  schools 
of  Wales  and  later  finished  in  Glasgow.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered 
the  railway  service,  which  has  been  the  only  occupation  that  he  has  ever 
followed.  His  first  connection  was  with  English  railways,  with  which  he 
continued  for  several  years.  He  then  came  to  Canada  and  was  for  some  time 
in  the  service  of  the  Northern  Railway  of  Canada.  In  1881  he  became  asso- 
ciated with  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  first  as  a  contractor,  and  in  1882  he 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  official  staff  of  that  company  in  the  capacity 
of  Assistant  Manager  of  Construction  on  the  Algoma  branch  and  the  Nipissing 
division  of  the  main  line.  The  next  step  in  the  course  of  his  promotion  was 
when  he  was  made  Superintendent  of  Construction  and  Operation  of  the 


302 


CANADA 


Superior  Division,  and  in  March,  1886,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Pacific 
Division  in  the  same  capacity.  In  1897  he  became  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Pacific  Division,  successfully  holding  that  office  until  1907.  It  was  in 
that  year  that  he  was  appointed  to  his  present  position  of  responsibility  as 
General  Executive  Assistant  for  British  Columbia.  He  is  also  Vice-President 
of  the  Esquimalt  &  Nanaimo  Railway,  having  direct  charge  of  its  affairs, 
including  its  vast  land  and  timber  interests.  Thus,  step  by  step,  he  has 
advanced,  the  recognition  of  his 
ability  bringing  him  larger  res- 
ponsibilities in  more  arduous 
positions  until  he  is  to-day  a 
most  prominent  figure  in  rail- 
way circles  of  Canada  and 
especially  in  British  Columbia, 
which  has  now  been  his  home 
for  nearly  thirty  years. 

Mr.  Marpole  has  a  unique 
position  in  the  history  of  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
pany. In  addition  to  being  one 
of  the  oldest  officials  still  in  the 
service,  he  had  charge,  as  Super- 
intendent of  Construction  and 
Operation,  of  the  Lake  Superior 
Division,  five  hundred  miles, 
when  the  first  passenger  trains 
were  run  through  from  Winnipeg  to  Montreal  and  vice  versa.  This  was 
in  1885.  He  occupied  the  same  position  on  the  Pacific  Division  in  July, 
1886,  when  the  first  train  was  run  through  from  Montreal  to  Port  Moody. 
He  prepared  the  first  time-tables  using  the  twenty-four  hour  system  in  America, 
which  were  used  on  that  occasion.  He  also  had  the  honour  of  laying  the 
track,  joining  the  rails  and  driving  the  last  spike  on  the  Lake  Superior  Division 
in  the  spring  of  1885,  joining  the  main  line  between  Montreal  and  Winnipeg. 


RICHARD     MARI'OU 


KSQ. 


303 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

That  winter  he  handled  the  troops  for  the  Riel  Rebellion  over  that  section, 
including  by  team  the  eighty -six  miles  of  a  break  between  the  rail  ends.  It 
is  a  noticeable  fact  in  his  career  that  whatever  he  has  undertaken  he  has 
carried  forward  to  completion,  and  that  obstacles  and  difficulties  in  his  path 
seemed  but  to  serve  as  an  impetus  for  renewed  effort.  He  has  been  and  is 
still  an  important  factor,  through  his  operations  in  railway  development, 
in  the  growth  and  upbuilding  of  this  great  Province.  He  has  studied  the 
country  and  its  conditions  from  many  view-points  and  has  advocated  the 
extension  of  railways  into  those  sections  the  rich  natural  resources  of  which 
constitute  a  promising  field  for  labour  and  for  settlement.  All  this  has  brought 
him  wide  knowledge  concerning  Canada  and  particularly  of  the  West. 

Apart  from  his  important  business  activities,  which  have  constituted 
so  valuable  a  factor  in  the  settlement  and  improvement  of  the  great  West,  he 
has  done  much  active  work  along  lines  that  promote  general  welfare 
and  public  progress.  He  was  the  first  President  of  the  Anti-Tuberculosis 
Society  of  British  Columbia,  and  his  efforts  in  that  direction  were  of  value, 
and  altogether  his  life  work  had  been  of  signal  serviceableness  to  mankind. 

Mr.  Marpole  had  three  sons  by  his  first  wife,  who  was  a  native  of 
Cornwall,  England.  In  1905  he  married  Anna  Isobel  Holmes,  a  daughter 
of  Colonel  Holmes,  of  Victoria,  formerly  district  Officer  Commanding  the 
British  Columbia  Military  District.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marpole  reside  in  a 
beautiful  home  on  Shaughnessy  Heights.  He  holds  membership  in  the 
Union  Club  of  Victoria,  the  Vancouver  Club,  and  is  the  president  of  the 
Shaughnessy  Heights  Golf  Club  with  its  five  hundred  members. 

HTHE  HONOURABLE  SIR  WILLIAM  RALPH  MEREDITH,  Chief  Justice 
of  Ontario,  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Cooke  Meredith, 
Esq.,  B.A.,  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  and  his  wife  Sarah  (Pegler) 
Meredith,  of  Ontario,  and  one  of  several  brothers  holding  high 
positions  in  legal  and  financial  circles.  He  was  born  the  3ist  March,  1840,  in 
Westminster,  Co.  Middlesex,  Ontario,  and  was  educated  there,  at  the  L,ondon 
District  Grammar  School,  and  at  Toronto  University  (L-L..B.,  1872,  IX-D. 
(Hon.),  1889).  Called  to  the  Bar  in  1861,  he  successfully  practised  his 

3«4 


CANADA 

profession,  first  at  London  (Ont.),  and  then  at  Toronto.  He  became  one  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Provincial  Bar,  was  made  City  Solicitor  and  elected  a 
Bencher  of  the  Law  Society,  and  took  silk  as  O.C.  (Ontario)  in  1875. 
In  1888  he  was  made  an  honorary  member  of  the  Law  Faculty  of  Toronto  Uni- 
versity, of  which  he  has  been  Chancellor  since  1900.  Removing  to  Toronto 
he  was  appointed  Corporation  Counsel  and  head  of  the  city  legal  depart- 
ment, and  specially  distinguished  himself  in  many  important  cases  both 
criminal  and  civil.  He  was  first 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1872,  succeeding  Sir  John  Carling 
in  the  representation  of  London. 
He  soon  became  a  power  in  the 
House,  and  was  known  as  a 
consistent  advocate  of  measures 
for  the  benefit  of  the  working 
classes.  In  1878  he  was  elected 
leader  of  the  Opposition,  and 
in  that  capacity  played  a  con- 
spicuous part  in  the  heated 
debates  which  took  place  over 
the  claims  of  the  Dominion 
against  those  of  the  Province 
on  the  boundary  questions.  In 
1883  his  friends  in  the  Legis- 
lature presented  him  with  a 

THR    HOX.    SIR    \VIUJA3I    RALPH    MICRIvDITH. 

handsome  testimonial  in  ac- 
knowledgment of  his  eminent  public  services,  while  a  more  signal  tribute  was 
paid  by  the  Government  itself  in  making  provision  for  a  salary  of  2,000 
dollars  to  him  as  leader  of  the  Opposition,  which  he  declined.  On  the  5th 
October,  1894,  he  was  raised  to  the  Bench  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common 
Pleas,  High  Court  of  Justice  of  Ontario.  Two  years  later  he  sat  on  the  Royal 
Commission  of  investigation  into  the  affairs  of  Toronto  University,  and  in 
1910  he  was  named  as  a  Commissioner  to  report  upon  the  laws  providing 

u  305 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

for  employees'  compensation  for  injuries  as  in  force  in  other  countries. 
Among  other  important  positions  he  was  called  upon  to  fill  was  that  of 
President  of  the  South  African  Memorial  Association,  and  here  it  may  be 
mentioned  that  he,  as  a  young  man,  served  for  some  years  as  an  officer  in 
the  London  Light  Infantry,  and  was  appointed  to  his  present  position,  Chief 
Justice  of  Ontario,  in  1912. 

Sir  William,  who  received  the  honour  of  knighthood  in  1896,  was 
married  in  1862  to  a  daughter  of  Marcus  Holmes,  Esq.,  of  London,  Ontario. 
Sir  William  and  Lady  Meredith  reside  at  41,  Binscarth  Road,  Toronto. 


E  RIGHT  REV.  WILLIAM 
LENNOX  MILLS,  D.D., 
LL.U.,  D.C.L.,  Lord  Bishop  of 
Ontario,  son  of  the  late  William 
Mills,  Esq.,  of  Toronto,  was  born 
in  Woodstock,  Ontario,  educated 
at  the  Grammar  School  there, 
and  at  the  Western  University, 
where  he  graduated  in  1872. 
He  pursued  his  theological 
studies  at  Trinity  University, 
Toronto,  where  he  took  his  B.D. 
degree  by  examination  in  1882, 
and  D.D.,  1894.  Was  ordained 
Deacon,  1872  ;  Priest,  1873 ; 
(i)  Incumbent  of  Norwich, 
Ontario;  (2)  Rector  of  Sea- 
forth ;  (3)  Rector  of  the  Crown 
Rectory  of  St.  John's,  P.Q.  ;  (4)  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Montreal; 
Canon  of  Christ  Church  Cathedral,  Montreal,  1883;  Examining  Chaplain 
to  the  Bishop  of  Montreal,  1885.  Lecturer  in  Old  Testament  Exegesis 
in  the  Montreal  Diocesan  Theological  College,  in  affiliation  with 
McGill  University,  from  1881  to  1895,  afterwards  Lecturer  in  Ecclesiastical 

306 


THE   RIGHT   REV.    WILLIAM   LENXOX   MILLS, 
LORD    BISHOP   .OF    ONTARIO. 


CANADA 

History.     Appointed  Archdeacon  of  St.  Andrew's,  Diocese  of  Montreal,  in 

1896. 

He  married,  in  1886,  Katharine  Sophia,  daughter  of  the  late 
Stanley  Clarke  Bagge,  Esq.,  of  Montreal,  and  has  issue  one  son,  Arthur 
Lennox  Stanley,  B.A.,  of  Queen's  University,  Kingston,  and  of  Oxford 
University,  England. 

Elected  Bishop  of  Ontario,  1900  ;  Consecrated  on  All  Saints'  Day, 
1900.  Residence,  Bishop's  Court,  Kingston,  Ontario,  Canada. 


IV/f  AJOR  JOHN  DOUGLAS 
HOODIE,  of  the  Royal 
North- West  Mounted  Police,  was 
born  in  Edinburgh,  the  2ist 
November,  1849,  the  son  °f  George 
Moodie,  Esq.,  of  Cocklaw,  Fife, 
Scotland.  He  was  educated  in 
the  Scottish  capital,  and  going 
out  to  Canada,  joined,  in  1885, 
the  Royal  North- West  Mounted 
Police,  of  which  he  was  made 
Superintendent  in  1903.  One 
notable  service  of  that  period 
deserves  to  be  recorded.  He 
was  sent  with  a  small  party  of 
police  to  discover  an  overland 
route  from  Edmonton  through 

the  North-West  to  the  Yukon,  which  he  accomplished  after  an  arduous 
journey  of  fourteen  months  in  1897.  He  served  with  the  2nd  Battalion 
Canadian  Mounted  Rifles  in  the  South  African  war,  1899-1900,  and  though 
severely  wounded,  remained  with  his  battalion  to  the  close  of  the  campaign 
in  1902.  For  his  services  he  was  awarded  the  S.A.  medal  and  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Major  in  the  Imperial  Service.  Later,  accompanied  by  his 
wife,  he  spent  between  six  and  seven  years  in  the  Hudson  Bay  district,  as 


MAJOR    JOHN    DOUGLAS    MOODIIv. 


3°7 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Commander  of  the  Royal  North-West  Mounted  Police,  with  jurisdiction 
within  all  the  Territories,  Districts  and  Provisional  Districts  of  Canada  outside 
those  contained  in  and  forming  part  of  any  of  the  Provinces  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada,  his  commission  being  dated  August  isth,  1903.  vSeven  years 
later,  in  the  August  of  1910,  he  accompanied  Earl  Grey  in  his  official  visit 
to  Hudson  Bay,  and  is  now  Commanding  Officer  of  the  R.N.W.M.P.  in 
the  Yukon  Territory,  with  address  care  of  R.N.W.M.  Police  Office,  Ottawa. 

Major  Moodie  was  married  in 
1878  to  Geraldine,  daughter  of 
the  late  C.  T.  Fitz-Gibbon,  Esq., 
barrister,  of  Toronto,  and  a 
granddaughter  of  Major  J.  W.  D. 
Moodie  and  Susanna  Moodie, 
sister  of  Agnes  Strickland,  the 
well-known  author  of  the 
"Queens  of  England  "  and  other 
famous  historical  works. 


HPHE  RIGHT  HONOURABLE 
SIR  EDWARD  MORRIS, 
P.C.,  K.C.,  LL.D.,  the  present 
Prime  Minister  of  Newfoundland, 
was  born  in  St.  John's,  New- 
foundland, on  the  8th  May,  1859. 
Educated  at  St.  Bonaventure's 
College,  St.  John's,  and  at  Ottawa  University,  he  was  called  to  the  Newfound- 
land Bar  in  1885,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  returned  to  Parliament  for 
his  native  town,  a  seat  which  he  has  continuously  held  up  to  the  present  time. 
He  was  a  member  of  Sir  William  Whiteway's  Cabinet  from  1889-97,  and  was 
representative  at  the  Ottawa  Conference  of  1895  to  discuss  Confederation 
terms  for  the  entry  of  Newfoundland  into  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  and  was 
on  two  occasions  chosen  as  Delegate  to  the  Colonial  Office  on  the  French  Shore 
question  and  other  matters.  During  1898-1900  he  was  leader  of  the  Independ- 

308 


r.inoit  f- 

THE    RIGHT    HON.    SIR    KD\VARD    MORRIS. 
P.O.,    K.C.,    I, L.I). 


CANADA 

ent  Party,  and  in.  igoi  took  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  under  Premier  Bond.  He 
subsequently  led  the  People's  Party  in  the  General  Election  of  1908,  and  in 
the  following  year  was  called  upon  by  Sir  William  MacGregor  to  form  a 
ministry. 

At  the  Imperial  Defence  Conference  at  London  in  1909  he  attended  as 
representative  of  Newfoundland  and  was  counsel  with  others  in  the  arbitration 
of  the  North  Atlantic  Fisheries  question  at  the  Hague  in  1910.  In  the  same 
year  he  successfully  raised  a  large  loan  in  London  for  railway  construction, 
on  the  best  terms  ever  obtained  for  the  Colony. 

He  represented  his  Colony  at  the  Coronation,  when  he  was  sworn  by 
His  Majesty  as  a  Member  of  The  Privy  Council.  He  was  also  honoured 
with  the  freedom  of  the  cities  of  Edinburgh,  Bristol  and  Glasgow,  and 
received  the  degree  of  1,1,. D.  from  the  Universities  of  Oxford,  Cambridge, 
Glasgow,  and  Edinburgh.  He  is  author  of  the  Newfoundland  Law  Reports 
from  1800-1907,  popularly  known  as  "Morris's  Reports." 

Sir  Edward  Morris  married  in  1901,  Isabel  Langrishe,  daughter  of  the 
late  Rev.  William  Le  Gallais,  and  resides  at  Rennie's  Mill  Road,  St.  John's. 


HpHE  HONOURABLE  GEORGE  H. 
MURRAY  was  born  in  Grand 
Narrows,  Cape  Breton  County,  in  1861. 
He  was  educated  in  the  Nova  Scotia 
common  schools  and  at  the  University 
of  Boston.  He  graduated  in  law  in 
1883,  and  practised  his  profession  at 
North  Sydney,  Cape  Breton.  In  1889 
he  was  appointed  to  a  seat  in  the 
Legislative  Council.  In  1891  he  became 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council,  the 
Hon.  W.  S.  Fielding  being  Premier,  and 
when,  in  1896,  Mr.  Fielding  entered  the 
Dominion  Government,  Mr.  Murray  suc- 
ceeded him  as  Premier  of  Nova  Scotia. 


THIi   HON.   GIvORGK   H.   MURRAY. 


309 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

He    represents   Victoria   County    in   the    Provincial    Legislature,    and    has 
successively  won  four  general  elections  since  assuming  office. 

Mr.  Murray  has  established  a  first-class  College  of  Agriculture  at  Truro, 
which  is  now  the  centre  of  modern  agricultural  education  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces.  He  has  inaugurated  a  complete  system  of  Technical  Education 
for  industrial  workers  and  tradesmen,  culminating  in  the  establishment  of  a 
Technical  College  at  Halifax — the  first  State-owned  institution  of  its  kind  in 
America.  He  has  also  provided  a  splendidly  equipped  Sanatorium  for  the 
treatment  of  tuberculosis,  at  Kentville,  and  has  taken  measures  to  educate  the 
people  in  the  proper  methods  for  the  prevention  of  the  spread  of  the  disease. 
Over  400  miles  of  railway  have  been  built  within  the  Province  under  his  direc- 
tion, including  a  line  along  the  south-western  shore  from  Halifax  to  Yarmouth, 
that  could  not  have  been  constructed  but  for  generous  Government  subven- 
tions. He  is  keenly  interested  in  and  has  provided  liberally  for  general  educa- 
tion, for  compensation  to  workmen,  for  increasing  provincial  immigration,  for 
the  establishment  of  new  industries,  particularly  those  dependent  on  the 
abundant  mineral  resources  of  the  Province  for  their  raw  material.  In  all 
matters  that  relate  to  the  betterment  of  the  conditions  of  the  sick,  the  afflicted 
and  the  helpless  members  of  the  community,  the  legislation  he  has  introduced 
has  been  eminently  wise  and  progressive,  and  his  temperance  reform  enact- 
ments have  been  radical  and  most  advanced. 

Mr.  Murray  is  a  man  of  judicial  temperament,  sound  judgment,  broad 
views  and  an  inflexible  integrity.  He  has  made  a  record  which  is  appreciated 
by  all  friends  of  good  government  and  progressive  administration. 

t^DSON  L.  PEASE,  ESQ.,  a  distinguished  member  of  the  banking  profession 
in  Canada,  was  born  in  Couteau  Landing,  Province  of  Quebec,  and 
educated  there.  He  entered  the  service  of  the  Bank  of  Commerce,  Montreal, 
in  1874,  and  in  1883  joined  the  Merchants'  Bank  of  Halifax — merged  later  in 
the  Royal  Bank  of  Canada — as  accountant.  He  removed  to  Montreal  in 
1887,  and  became  successively  Branch  Manager  and  Assistant  General  Manager, 
and  in  1900  General  Manager  of  the  bank,  of  which  he  was  elected  later  as 
Vice-President.  He  is  also  a  Director  of  the  Montreal  Trust  Company,  the 

310 


CANADA 


London  and  Lancashire  Life 
Assurance  Company,  the  Cana- 
dian Car  Company,  and  other 
commercial  and  financial  asso- 
ciations. Mr.  Pease,  who  resides 
at  718,  Sherbrooke  Street,  W., 
Montreal,  is  a  member  of  the 
Mount  Royal,  St.  James's, 
Canada,  Auto,  Montreal  Jockey, 
and  St.  George  Snowshoe  Clubs. 


CIR  HENRY  MILL  PELLATT, 
C.V.O.,  D.C.L.,  a  native  of 
Toronto,  was  born  in  1860.  He 
is  a  son  of  Henry  Pellatt,  Esq., 
who,  on  crossing  the  Atlantic 
from  England  to  Canada,  became 
a  resident  of  Toronto,  and  in  due  course  of  time  figured  prominently 
in  the  financial  world  as  the  senior  partner  of  the  famous  stockbroking 
firm  of  Messrs.  Pellatt  &  Osier,  his  associate  in  business  being  E.  B.  Osier, 
Esq.,  Member  of  Parliament  for  West  Toronto,  the  well-known  Canadian 
capitalist. 

Henry  Mill  Pellatt  was  educated  in  Upper  Canada  College,  and  received 
his  business  training  under  his  father's  direction,  entering  the  office  and 
becoming  thoroughly  familiar  with  stockbrokerage  business  in  principle 
and  detail.  Upon  the  dissolution  of  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Pellatt  &  Osier  in  1882, 
he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership  by  his  father  under  the  firm's  name  of  Messrs. 
Pellatt  &  Pellatt,  which  style  has  since  been  continued,  although  since  the 
retirement  of  his  father  in  1891,  Mr.  Norman  Macrae  has  been  the  associate  of 
Sir  Henry  in  the  conduct  of  the  business.  Since  becoming  a  partner  he  has 
closely  concentrated  his  energies  upon  the  enlargement  of  the  business,  and 
has  become  recognised  as  one  of  the  distinguished  financiers  of  the  Dominion 


EDSON   L.    PEASE,   ESQ. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


— a  position  which  he  has  earned  by  his  untiring  industry,  his  intellectual 
vigour  and  natural  financial  acumen. 

A  man  of  resourceful  ability  and  keen  recognition  of  opportunity, 
he  has  not  confined  his  attention  alone  to  brokerage  business,  but  has 
extended  his  efforts  in  connection  with  some  of  the  most  important  financial 
enterprises  of  the  country — enterprises  which  have  profited  by  his  sound 
judgment,  wise  counsel  and  excellent  executive  force.  He  it  was  who  accom- 
plished the  plan  of  bringing  power  from  Niagara  Falls  to  the  City  of  Toronto 
for  use  for  street  railway  purposes  and  for  lighting  the  streets  and  houses  of 

the  citizens,  and  he  became  Pre- 
sident of  the  Companies  formed 
for  that  purpose,  the  Electrical 
Development  Company,  and  the 
Toronto  and  Niagara  Power 
Company.  He  is  also  President 
of  the  Toronto  Electric  Light 
Company,  and  is  on  the  direc- 
torate of  a  number  of  other 
important  Canadian  enterprises. 
In  an  analysation  of  his 
character  and  life  work,  he  has 
proved  himself  possessed,  not 
only  of  superior  business  force 
and  ability,  but  also  of  that 
kindlier  spirit  which  recognises 
man's  obligations  to  his  fellow- 
men,  and  which  seeks  outlet  in 
tangible  results  that  are  a  means 
of  amelioration  of  the  hard  conditions  of  life  which  some  members  of  the 
human  family  must  face.  He  is  not  only  generous,  but  even  prodigal  in  his 
gifts  to  education  and  charitable  institutions,  and  in  1901,  entirely  at  his  own 
expense,  he  built  and  equipped  for  Grace  Hospital  a  new  wing,  containing  an 
operating  room  with  all  modern  appliances.  He  holds  a  seat  on  the  Board  of 


SIR    HENRY    MILL   PELLATT,   C.V.O.,    P.C.L. 


312 


CANADA 

the  Trustees  of  Trinity  University  as  Financial  Director,  and  to  that  institution 
his  benefactions  have  been  most  liberal.  Many  other  educational  projects 
have  received  his  substantial  support  and  encouragement,  and  he  is  accounted 
one  of  the  most  public-spirited  citizens  of  Toronto,  withholding  his  co-operation 
from  no  measure,  movement  or  plan  that  is  intended  for  the  upbuilding  and 
benefit  of  the  city. 

A  man  of  attractive  social  qualities,  he  has  many  friends,  whom  he 
has  drawn  around  him  by  reason  of  congeniality  of  taste  and  temperament. 
He  has  been  one  of  the  foremost  men  in  Canada  to  encourage  every  description 
of  manly,  outdoor  sports,  games  and  pastimes.  He  himself  is  a  fine  practical 
sportsman.  As  a  youth  he  was  an  expert  at  many  games  and  forms  of 
athletics,  and  was  the  American  amateur  champion  runner  at  a  mile,  having 
won  that  much-coveted  record  in  a  competition  held  in  New  York  City 
against  all  contestants  on  the  American  continent.  He  is  an  enthusiastic 
yachtsman  and  fisherman,  and  is  also  one  of  the  most  ardent  supporters  of 
horticulture  in  Toronto.  His  conservatories  and  splendid  flower  gardens 
at  his  residence  at  Casa  L,oma  enable  him  to  gratify  his  experienced  tastes 
in  this  pursuit,  his  fruit  and  flowers  gaining  prizes  wherever  exhibited. 

Sir  Henry  Pellatt  is,  moreover,  a  prominent  figure  in  military  circles. 
In  his  youth  he  became  a  private  of  the  Queen's  Own  Rifles,  the  largest 
Volunteer  corps  in  the  Dominion,  and  with  this  regiment  he  has  since  been 
associated,  retiring  but  recently  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  as  a  result  of  suc- 
cessive promotions  which  have  eventually  gained  him  the  position  of 
Commandant.  He  is  now  Brigadier  in  Command  of  the  6th  Infantry  Brigade. 
In  1897,  when  holding  the  rank  of  Major,  he  commanded  a  section  of  the 
Canadian  Contingent  which  visited  England  in  that  year  on  the  occasion  of 
the  Queen's  Jubilee,  and  he  received  the  command  of  the  Canadian  Contingent 
on  the  Coronation  of  King  Edward,  and  took  with  him  then,  at  his  own 
expense,  the  Queen's  Own  Bugle  Band,  as  a  unique  and  attractive  feature 
in  the  English  pageant.  Through  his  efforts  the  Queen's  Own  Rifles  has  been 
enlarged,  and  is  now  divided  into  two  Battalions,  Nos.  i  and  2,  which  gives 
it  pre-eminence  in  the  Militia  of  Canada. 

Upon  the  appointment  of  I/ord  Grey  as  Governor-General  of  Canada, 

313 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Colonel  Pellatt  was  made  A.D.C.  to  His  Excellency.  He  was  knighted  in 
November,  1905,  by  His  Majesty  King  Edward,  receiving  the  title  of  Knight 
Bachelor  for  his  prominent  services  to  the  Militia  in  Canada,  for  his  successful 
promotion  of  important  Canadian  enterprises  and  industries,  and  for  his 
active  support  of  and  co-operation  in  Imperial  objects. 

In  IQIO,  his  broad  outlook  showed  him  a  way  of  promoting  his  strong 
Imperialistic  ideas,  and  at  his  own  expense,  which  must  have  been  very 
heavy,  he  took  his  regiment,  the  Queen's  Own  Rifles,  consisting  of  over  600 
men,  to  England  to  take  part  in  the  manoeuvres  of  the  British  Army  at 
Aldershot.  While  there  he  was  sent  for  by  the  King  to  Balmoral  Castle  and 
received  from  him  the  distinction  of  Commander  of  the  Victorian  Order. 

Sir  Henry  and  Lady  Pellatt  were  present  at  the  Coronation  of  King 
George  V.  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  Sir  Henry  received  an  appointment 
for  special  military  duty  in  the  grand  Procession  on  the  day  following. 

In  November,  1911,  he  was  appointed  A.D.C.  to  H.R.H.  The  Duke  of 
Connaught,  Governor-General  of  Canada,  and  in  the  following  year  the 
degree  of  D.C.L.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  King's  College, 
Windsor,  Nova  Scotia. 

Sir  Henry  Pellatt  is  President  of  the  Toronto  Electric  Light  Company,  the 
Electrical  Development  Company,  the  Toronto  and  Niagara  Power  Company, 
the  British  and  Colonial  Land  and  Securities  Company,  the  British  Canadian 
Shipbuilding  and  Dock  Company,  the  Steel  and  Radiation  Company  ;  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Toronto  Power  Company  ;  a  Director  of  the  Toronto  Railway 
Company,  the  Richelieu  and  Ontario  Navigation  Company,  the  Dominion 
Steel  Corporation,  the  Twin  City  Rapid  Transit  Company,  the  British  Columbia 
Packers  Association,  the  Sao  Paula  Tramway,  Light  and  Power  Company,  and 
of  the  Brazilian  Traction,  Light  and  Power  Company,  Limited,  etc.,  etc. 

In  the  year  1887  he  married  Mary  Dodgson,  only  daughter  of 
John  Dodgson,  Esq.,  of  Cumberland,  England,  by  whom  he  has  one  son, 
Reginald  Pellatt.  A  man  of  broad  sympathies,  cosmopolitan  ideas,  and 
notable  business  sagacity,  Sir  Henry  Pellatt  is  entitled  to  a  foremost  place, 
in  this  age  of  intellectual  energy,  among  the  prominent  leaders  of  thought 
and  enterprise  in  the  Dominion. 

314 


CANADA 


T    IEUTENANT-COLONEL      THE     HONOURABLE     JOSEPH     PAXTALEON 
PELLETIER  was  born  in  Riviere  Ouelle,  Quebec,  the  27th  July,  1860,  the 
son  of  Joseph  and  Henriette  (Martin)  Pelletier.     Educated  at  the  College  of 
Ste.  Anne-de-la-Pocatiere,  and  trained  for  the  medical  profession  at  Laval 
University,  Quebec,  the  New  York  Polytechnic,  and  at  Paris,  he  received  his 
degree  as  doctor  of  medicine  in  1887,  and  practised  in  vSherbrooke,  Province  of 
Quebec,  for  the  twenty-four  years  1887-1911.      On  the  outbreak  of  the  North- 
West     rebellion     in    1885,    he 
volunteered  for  service,  and  did 
duty  as  a    Lieutenant    in    the 
Students'  Company  of  the  Qth 
Quebec  Battalion  (medical) .    He 
was  for  ten  years  medical  officer 
of  the  nth  Hussars,  and  in  1908 
himself  organised    an    infantry 
regiment    in    Sherbrooke    City, 
and   had   command   of  it  until 
his  removal  to  England.     From 
1890    to     1900    he    filled     the 
position     of     Coroner    for    the 
St.    Francis    district,   resigning 
on  his  election  to   the   Provin- 
cial   Legislature     as    represen- 
tative  for  Sherbrooke  Co.     He 
stood  three  times  for  election, 
on  the  last  two  occasions  being 
returned  by  acclamation.     In  1908  he  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly   in    the   Government    of   Sir   Lomer    Gouin,    by    whom    he    was 
appointed    in    1911    Agent-General    for   his   Province  in   England  and  the 
British  Isles,  with  office  in  London. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Pelletier  married,  first,  in  January,  1888,  Mile. 
Alice  Hudon,  who  died  in  1910;  and,  second,  Mme.  Joseph  Boivin  (born 
Cecile  Belleau)  of  Quebec.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Garrison  Club,  Quebec, 


IJEUT.-COL.    THE   HON.    JOSEPH    PANTALEON 


315 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

the  British  Empire  League,  the  London  Chamber  of  Commerce  (Canadian 
Branch),  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute,  the  Franco-British  Travel  Union, 
and  the  Royal  Automobile  Club. 


HONOURABLE  LOUIS  PHILIPPE  PELLETIER,  M.P.  for  Quebec  County, 
who  has  succeeded  the  Hon.  Dr.  H.  S.  Beland  as  Postmaster-General  of 

the  Dominion,  is  the  descendant  of 
ancestors  who  emigrated  from 
Brittany.  He  is  the  son  of  the 

^^^^  Hon.  Thomas  P.  Pelletier,  a  mem- 

t  ^  *X  ber  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 

the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  was 

/^IIJK      0£  born  at  Trois-Pistoles  in  1857.  He 

was  educated  at  the  College  of  St. 

"^JL  Anne,  where  he  took  the  Prince 

^  of    Wales'    prize    in    1876,    and 

passed  on  to  Laval  University, 
where,  in  1880,  he  won  the  gold 
medal  presented  by  the  Marquis 
of  Lome.  In  the  latter  year  he 
was  called  to  the  Bar,  and  prac- 
tised in  the  city  of  Quebec  up  to 
the  time  of  his  entry  into  the 
Cabinet  of  the  Hon.  R.  L.  Borden. 
He  was  created  a  Queen's  Counsel 
in  1893. 

Mr.  Pelletier  first  entered  the  political  arena  as  an  unsuccessful  candidate 
at  the  Provincial  General  Election  of  1886,  and  at  the  Dominion  Election 
in  the  following  year.  In  1891,  he  was  appointed  Provincial  Secretary 
by  Mr.  de  Boucherville,  then  Premier  of  Quebec,  and  held  the  position 
of  Attorney-General  for  his  native  Province  in  the  Cabinets  of  Mr.  Flynn 
and  Mr.  L-  O.  Taillon.  Mr.  Pelletier  is  a  ready  and  forcible  debater,  and 
in  the  position  of  Postmaster-General  of  the  Dominion  finds  ample  scope 


TIIE    HON.    LOUIS   PHILIPPE    PRLLETIER. 


316 


CANADA 

for  his  abilities  as  an  administrator  in  one  of  the  most  rapidly  extending 
public  services  in  the  Dominion. 

DICHARD  REID,  ESQ.,  Agent-General  for  Ontario,  was  born  in  Millbank, 
Ontario,  in  1863,  the  son  of  James  Reid,  Esq.,  a  native  of  County 
Down,  Ireland  (one  of  the  pioneers  of  Perth  County,  Ontario),  and  Esther 
Smithson,  of  Yorkshire,  England.  Educated  privately  and  at  the  Collegiate 
Institute,  St.  Catharine's,  and 
trained  for  the  profession  of 
teaching  at  the  Normal  College, 
Ottawa,  he  became  headmaster 
of  the  Berlin  (Ontario)  Public 
School,  and  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  During 
his  scholastic  career  he  initiated 
many  useful  educational  re- 
forms, and  was  elected  President 
of  the  Teachers'  Association  of 
the  Province.  An  earnest 
advocate  of  the  scientific  side 
of  agriculture,  he  carried  his 
theories  into  practice  on  his 
dairy  farm,  which  was  one 
of  the  best  equipped  in  the 
Province.  A  frequent  contri- 
butor to  the  agricultural  press, 
on  dairying  and  allied  industries,  he  did  effective  work  in  raising  the  standard 
of  all  pure-bred  stock.  He  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  Canadian 
Jersey  Cattle  Club,  of  which  he  was  Secretary-Treasurer  from  the  time 
of  its  formation  until  his  appointment  as  Agent-General.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  the  establishment  of  the  National  Record  Board  by  which 
the  Canadian  Government  now  registers  all  pure-bred  live  stock.  He  is 
an  expert  judge  of  dairy  cattle,  and  in  that  capacity  has  officiated  at  the 


RICHARD    REID,    KSQ. 


317 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

leading  exhibitions  throughout  North  America.  Always  actively  interested 
in  politics,  he  was  for  over  eight  years  President  of  the  Conservative  Associa- 
tion of  his  Riding.  In  1908  he  opposed  unsuccessfully  the  Hon.  W.  L.  Mac- 
kenzie King,  Minister  of  Labour  in  the  Dominion  Cabinet,  and  twice  since  has 
refused  the  unanimous  nomination.  He  has  been  called  "  a  political  guide 
who  is  frequently  consulted  by  political  leaders."  President  of  the  Canadian 
Club,  Berlin,  a  director  of  the  Rural  Publishing  Company,  Peterboro,  and 
interested  in  some  of  the  leading  financial  institutions  of  the  Province,  he  was 
reluctant  to  undertake  the  position  of  Agent-General  for  Ontario,  as  his 
numerous  interests  required  his  presence  in  the  Province,  but  he  acceded  to 
the  request  of  the  Prime  Minister  and  the  Minister  of  Agriculture,  and  accepted 
office.  In  a  public  speech  the  Minister  of  Agriculture  said,  "It  is  a  case 
of  the  position  seeking  the  man,  not  the  man  the  position.  The  Government 
is  fortunate  in  securing  his  services." 

In  1886  he  married  Alice  Woodsend,  of  Nottingham,  England,  who 
died  in  1904,  by  whom  he  has  five  sons  and  one  daughter  ;  in  1913  he  married, 
second,  Alice  Mulholland,  of  Toronto.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Automobile  Club  ;  the  Berlin  Club,  of  Berlin  ;  the  British  Empire  league  ; 
the  London  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  is  a  brilliant  and  effective  public 
speaker. 


T  IEUTENANT-COLONEL  EDWARD  MICHAEL  RENOUF,  who  commanded 
the  Royal  Canadian  Horse  Artillery  and  Canadian  Field  and 
Heavy  Artillery  at  the  Coronation  of  His  Majesty,  was  born  on  the 
gth  April,  1860,  in  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  and  is  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Edward  Renouf,  Esq.,  and  Christiana  Reade,  of  St.  John's. 
He  was  educated  at  the  Church  of  England  Academy,  and  at  the  Fielding 
College  there,  and  received  his  early  military  training  at  the  Royal  School 
of  Artillery,  in  Quebec.  He  left  Newfoundland  in  1880  for  Montreal,  and 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  2nd  Montreal  Heavy  Brigade,  Canadian 
Garrison  Artillery,,  in  1896  ;  was  promoted  to  Captain  in  1898,  Major  in 
1902,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  commanding  the  Brigade  on  the  I5th  May,  1906. 

318 


CANADA 


He   was    the    representative   of     the    Canadian     Artillery    Association     in 
England     dxiring     the     competitions    between     the    National    Artillery    of 
Great    Britain     and    the    Canadian     Artillery    Association    teams,    which 
took    place    on    Salisbury    Plain,    and    at    Lydd,    and    Cliff   End,    Isle    of 
Wight,  in  August   and  September,    1911.      He  was  Vice-President  of  the 
Canadian     Artillery    Association     from     1907     till     1910  ;      Chairman     of 
Council,    1910-11,    and    President 
in   1911-12,   and    is  Councillor  of 
the  Montreal   Boy   Scouts. 

In  his  professional  capacity, 
Colonel  Renouf  is  the  head  of  the 
Renouf  Publishing  Company,  of 
Montreal,  and  is  well  known  in 
London  as  the  representative  in 
Canada  of  the  London  publishing 
firms  of  Messrs.  Longmans,  Green 
&  Co.,  and  Messrs.  George  Philip 
&  Sons,  Limited,  and  of  Messrs. 
John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Technical 
Publishers,  of  New  York.  He  is 
a  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Newfoundland  Society 
of  Montreal.  He  married  Edith 
Outram,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late  Charles  Edward  Saunderson, 
Esq.,  and  cousin  of  the  late 
General  Sir  James  Outram,  G.C.B., 
of  Indian  Mutiny  fame,  and  has 
one  son  living,  Edward  Trudeau, 
and  one  son  deceased.  His  Montreal  residence  is  at  718,  Pine  Avenue 
West,  and  he  has  a  country  seat,  The  Echoes,  at  Ste.  Agathe  des 
Monts,  Province  of  Quebec,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Engineers  and  of 
the  Canadian  Clubs  in  Montreal. 


WKUT.-COL.   EDWARD    MICHAFJ,   RKXOUP. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


tTIS  HONOUR  THE  HONOURABLE  BENJAMIN  ROGERS,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  is  of  Welsh  origin.  The  son 
of  the  late  Joseph  and  Margaret  Rogers,  he  was  born  in  Bedeque,  in 
Prince  Edward  Island,  the  7th  August,  1837,  and  was  educated  there.  He  had 
a  long  and  honourable  career  as  a  general  merchant  and  exporter,  and  filled 
with  distinction  many  important  positions — Postmaster,  Commissioner  of 
the  Small  Debt  Court,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Notary  Public,  and  appraiser 

under  the  Railway  Act.  He 
was  a  Member  of  the  legisla- 
tive Council  of  Prince  Edward 
Island  from  1878  to  1893,  and 
from  1891  to  1893  held  office 
as  President  of  the  Legislative 
Council.  He  represented  Prince, 
first  district  (local),  from  1900  to 
1904,  and  served  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Agriculture  and  Pro- 
vincial Secretary-Treasurer  of 
the  island  for  the  same  term. 
In  1909  lie  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Royal  Conser- 
vation Commission,  and  on  the 
ist  June,  1910,  he  was  made 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
Province.  Mr.  Rogers,  who  is 
a  Presbyterian  by  persuasion, 
has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Susanna  Abell,  third  daughter 
of  Captain  William  Hubbard,  of  Tignish,  P.E.I.,  and  upon  her  decease  he 
was  wedded  in  December,  1898,  to  Annie  M.,  daughter  of  the  late  James 
Hunter,  Esq.,  of  Kilmahumaig,  Alberton.  His  official  address  is  Government 
House,  Charlottetown,  Prince  Edward  Island,  and  he  has  a  residence, 
Kirkside,  at  Alberton,  in  the  same  Province.  Mr.  Rogers  is  highly  esteemed 
in  the  Province  as  one  who  has  stood  for  the  right  in  moral  and  social 


HIS    HONOUR    THE    HON.    BENJAJilN    ROGERS. 


320 


CANADA 

affairs,  and  who  does  honour  to  the  public  life  of  the  Dominion.  It  is  said 
of  him  that  he  is  opposed  to  extravagant  military  expenditure,  and  also 
to  the  expulsion  of  immigrants  because  of  their  distinctive  nationality, 
also  that  he  favours  the  election  of  Senators  every  ten  years  by  a  ballot 
of  owners  of  real  estate  valued  at  3,000  dollars  and  over. 


'"pHE  HONOURABLE  WALTER 
SCOTT,  Canadian  statesman, 
is  of  Scotch-Canadian  parentage, 
and  was  born  in  London,  Co. 
Middlesex,  Ontario,  the  son  of  George 
and  Isabella  (Telfer)  Scott,  the 
27th  October,  1867.  Educated  at  the 
public  schools,  he  became  a  practical 
printer,  and  in  1892-93  he  was  a 
partner  in  the  Standard,  Regina,  and 
for  the  two  following  years  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  Times,  Moose  Jaw, 
Saskatchewan.  In  1895  he  pur- 
chased the  Leader,  Regina,  from  its 
founder,  the  late  Nicholas  Davin, 
Esq.,  and  edited  and  managed  it  till 
1900.  He  ceased  active  press  connec- 
tion in  1906,  but  in  1899  he  was  Pre- 
sident of  the  Western  Canada  Press 
Association,  and  in  King  George's 
Coronation  Year  he  became  Pre  H, 

sident  of  the  Moose  Jaw  Times 
Publishing  Association.  In  1900  and  1904  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Commons  for  Assiniboia  West,  resigning  the  seat  in  1905.  He  took  part  in  the 
negotiations  for  and  the  passage  of  Acts  creating  the  Provinces  of  Alberta  and 
Saskatchewan,  and  was  called  upon  to  form  the  first  Saskatchewan  Administra- 
tion, the  5th  September,  1905,  in  which  he  filled  the  offices  of  President  of  the 


THIv    HOX.    WALTKK    SCOTT. 


W 


321 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Council  and  Commissioner  of  Public  Works,  and  it  was  claimed  for  him  that 
he  was  the  youngest  leader  of  a  Government  in  Canada.  His  administration 
was  sustained  in  general  elections  held  in  1905,  1908  and  1912.* 

In  1890  Mr.  Scott  married  Jessie  Florence  Read,  daughter  of  the  late 
E.  B.  Read,  Esq.,  Postmaster,  Regina.  In  1908  and  again  in  1910  he  paid  an 
extensive  visit  to  Europe  and  the  East,  and  he  was  present  at  the  Coronation 
of  King  George  and  Queen  Mary,  and  had  the  honour  of  being  presented  to 

their  Majesties.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
resides  at  2043,  L,orne  Street,  Regina, 
Saskatchewan. 


CIR  THOMAS  SHAUGHNESSY, 
K.C.V.O.,  the  Canadian  railway 
magnate,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Shaughnessy,  Esq.,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, and  was  born  on  Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin,  in  1853.  He  commenced 
his  railway  career  on  the  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  Railway  in  1869,  and  in 
1882  joined  the  service  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  of  which  great  enter- 
prise he  became  Assistant  General 
Manager  in  1885,  Vice-President  and 
Director  in  1891,  and  since  June,  1898, 
he  has  been  President  of  the  Company. 
He  is  also  Vice-President  and  Director 
of  the  Duluth,  South  Shore  and 
Atlantic  Railway,  the  Toronto,  Hamil- 
ton and  Buffalo  Railway,  and  the 


SIR   THOMAS   SHAUGHXESSY,   K.C.V.O., 

PRESIDENT    OF    TIM:    CANADIAN'    PACIFIC    RAILWAY. 


*On    1he    Cabinet    rearrangement    in    1912,   Mr.    Scott    relinquished    the    Public  Works 
portfolio  and  was  appointed  Minister  of  Educalion. 


322 


CANADA 

British  Columbia  Southern  Railway  ;  President  of  the  Montreal  and  Western 
Railway  and  Summerland  Development  Company,  and  is  associated  with  a 
number  of  other  large  commercial  undertakings.  One  of  the  ablest  men  in 
Canada,  Sir  Thomas  Shaughnessy  has  been  called  the  "  king  of  railway 
presidents." 

Knighted  by  King  Edward  in  1901,  he  became  K.C.V.O.  in  1907,  and  in 
1911  was  elected  President  of  the  King  Edward  Memorial  Committee  at 
Montreal,  and  is  an  Hon.  D.C.L.  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

Sir  Thomas  Shaughnessy  married,  in  1880,  Elizabeth  Bridget,  daughter 
of  N.  Nagle,  Esq.,  of  Milwaukee,  and  in  addition  to  his  home  in  Dorchester 
Street  West,  Montreal,  has  a  residence  at  Fort  Tipperary,  St.  Andrews, 
New  Brunswick. 


HPHOMAS  WILLIAM  SHEFFIELD,  ESQ.,  F.R.C.I.,  Commissioner  of  Regina, 
Canada,  is  the  son  of  the  late  G.  H.  Sheffield,  Esq.,  architect,  of  Derby. 
He  was  educated  at  Derby  Gram- 
mar School.  He  subsequently 
joined  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Laird 
Brothers,  Shipbuilders,  Birken- 
head,  where,  after  carrying  out 
many  important  projects,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  South  Africa,  acting  as 
Marine  Superintendent  of  Messrs. 
Short's  Works  in  Durban.  In 
1901  he  was  appointed  District 
Manager  to  the  British  Tomson- 
Houston  Co.,  which  position  he 
held  for  several  years.  In  1906 
he  went  out  to  Canada,  and 
became  Industrial  Commissioner 
for  Regina,  in  which  capacity  he 
was  eminently  successful  in 
bringing  out  a  system  of  Select  THOMAS  WILLIAM  SHEFFIELD,  ESQ.,  F.R.C.I. 


323 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Immigration  for  British  subjects,   which   received  the  endorsement  of  Sir 
Wilfrid  Laurier  and  the  Hon.  R.   L,.   Borden. 

Mr.  Sheffield  has  recently  established  a  Canadian  Information  and 
Development  Bureau  in  this  country,  his  experience  as  Industrial  Com- 
missioner of  Regina  and  his  knowledge  of  industrial  conditions  in  all  parts 
of  Canada  having  convinced  him  of  the  great  part  which  the  middle  classes 
of  this  country  are  destined  to  play  in  Canada's  upbuilding,  as  supplying 
the  brain  and  backbone  of  the  institutions  which  give  England  her  fame 
throughout  the  world.  In  order  to  assist  in  this  work  he  has  edited  a  British 
publication  entitled,  "  Canada  for  the  Industrious  Millions  of  Great  Britain," 
in  which  volume  are  indicated  the  opportunities  where  a  good  start  may  be 
made  in  practically  any  place  in  the  Dominion,  or  in  any  calling  or  trade. 

Mr.  Sheffield  is  well  known 
throughout  Canada  for  the  great 
interest  he  took  in  furthering 
the  objects  of  the  Royal  Life- 
Saving  Society,  in  recognition  of 
which  he  was  recently  elected 
Honorary  Ljfe  Member,  .and  fol- 
lowing that  was  made  Honorary 
Life  Member  of  the  British 
Columbia  Branch  in  Canada. 

HPHE   HONOURABLE  ARTHUR 
LEWIS       SIETON,       M.A., 
LL.B.,    D.C.L.,    K.C.,    Premier    of 
Alberta,  was  born   on   the   26th 
October,    1858,    son   of  the  late 
Hon.  John  W.  Sifton,  Ex-Speaker 
T^  Dover  street  sMi*.  of  the  Manitoba  Assembly,  and 

THE   HON.    ARTHUR   LEWIS   SIFTON. 

Kate    Sifton.      He    married     in 

1882,   Mary   H.    Deering,    and   has   one    son   and   one   daughter.      He  was 
educated  at  Wesley  College,  Winnipeg,    and   Victoria  University,    Coburg, 

324 


CANADA 

and  was  called  to  the  Bar,  Manitoba,  in  1883,  where  he  practised  for  some  years. 
He  was  first  elected  to  the  North- West  Assembly  in  1898.  On  his  re-election 
in  1901  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Public  Works  and  Treasurer  in  the 
Government  of  the  North- West  Territories.  In  1901  he  became  K.C.,  and  in 
1903  was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  the  North- West  Territories,  and  in  1905, 
when  the  Province  of  Alberta  was  established,  became  Chief  Justice  of  Alberta. 

On  the  26th  May,  1910,  he  resigned  from  that  office  to  become  Premier 
of  Alberta,  forming  a  new  Provincial  Cabinet.  He  held  the  portfolios  of 
Public  Works  and  Treasury  from  May,  1910  to  1913,  resigning  these  to 
become  Minister  of  Railways  and  Telephones. 

Address,  Garrykennagh,  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada.  Clubs,  Ranch- 
men's, Calgary ;  the  Edmonton,  Edmonton. 

'"THE  RIGHT  HONOURABLE  SIR  DONALD  ALEXANDER  SMITH,  P.C., 
G.C.M.G.,  G.C.V.O.,  first  LORD  STRATHCONA  and  Mount  Royal,  is  really 
and  truly  describable  as  the  "Grand  Old  Man"  of  Canada.  No  one  has  done  more 
to  advance  the  best  interests  and  true  welfare  of  the  Dominion  and  its  people. 
Born  at  Forres,  Morayshire,  Scotland,  the  6th  August,  1820,  and  educated  locally, 
he  very  nearly  entered  the  Manchester  house  of  his  kinsmen,  the  Grants,  the 
originals,  it  is  said,  of  the  "  Cheeryble  brothers,"  but  his  uncle,  John  Stewart, 
a  notable  fur  trader,  obtained  for  him  a  junior  clerkship  in  the  service  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  and  in  his  eighteenth  year  his  lifelong  identification  with 
British  North  America  began.  Going  out  in  1838,  he  spent  thirteen  years  on 
the  bleak  and  inhospitable  coast  of  Labrador,  where  he  heard  from  home  only 
once  or  twice  a  year  ;  and  ten  on  the  shores  of  Hudson  Bay.  Promoted 
from  step  to  step  he  at  the  age  of  forty-eight  became  chief  executive  officer  of 
the  company  at  Montreal,  a  position  he  held  for  many  years.  He  first  came 
into  prominence  in  connection  with  Louis  Riel's  insurrection  at  the  Red 
River  settlement  in  1869.  In  the  December  of  this  year  he  was  appointed 
a  Special  Commissioner  of  the  Dominion  Government  to  enquire  into  the 
circumstances  of  the  outbreak,  and  his  personal  courage,  great  tact,  prudence 
and  general  ability  in  dealing  with  a  most  delicate  situation  were  crowned 
with  conspicuous  success,  and  he  was  accorded  the  thanks  of  the  Governor- 

325 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

General  in  Council.  In  the  following  year,  after  the  organisation  of  the 
Province  of  Manitoba,  he  was  returned  to  the  Legislature  for  Winnipeg  and 
St.  John,  and  also  called  to  the  North- West  Territorial  Council  and  returned 
to  the  House  of  Commons  as  member  for  Selkirk.  In  April,  1896,  he  retired 
altogether  from  political  life  on  being  appointed  to  represent  the  Dominion 
in  London  as  High  Commissioner,  an  office  he  has  retained  to  the  present 

time,  and  in  the  same 
month  he  was  sworn  of 
the  Privy  Council.  Most 
memorable  of  all  his  work 
in  Canada  was  the  part  he 
took  in  the  establishment 
of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway.  It  has  been  well 
said  that  the  story  of  how 
he  and  his  cousin,  George 
Stephen  (Lord  Mount 
Stephen),  took  up  an  old 
abandoned  railway  on  the 
American  side  of  the 
border,  and  turned  a  dream 
into  a  reality  which  culmin- 
ated in  the  driving  of  the 
last  spike  of  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway  by  Donald 
u'-.yatt.  Smith  himself  in  November, 

THE   RIGHT   HON.    SIR   DONALD    ALEXANDER   SMITH, 

P.C..  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.Y.O.  1885,    is   one   of  the    most 

wonderful  in  Colonial  history.  Sir  Charles  Tupper  bore  testimony  in 
1897  that  "  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  would  have  no  existence 
to-day,  notwithstanding  all  that  the  Government  did  to  support  the 
undertaking,  had  it  not  been  for  the  indomitable  pluck  and  energy 
and  determination,  both  financially  and  in  every  other  respect,  of 
Sir  Donald  Smith." 


CANADA 

Conspicuous  among  Lord  Strathcona's  many  acts  of  loyalty  and  devoted 
service  was  the  raising  and  maintaining  entirely  at  his  own  expense  of  the  fine 
corps  of  horse,  the  "  Strathconas,"  which  did  such  effective  duty  during  the 
South  African  campaign,  and  it  may  be  mentioned  here  that  in  1898  he 
was  appointed  hon.  Lieut. -Colonel  of  the  Montreal  Victoria  Rifles,  in  1902 
lion.  Colonel  of  the  8th  V.B.  King's  Liverpool  Regiment,  in  1909  of  the  15th 
Light  Horse,  and  in  1910  of  the  ygth  Highlanders.  Queen  Victoria,  in  1886, 
created  him  K.C.M.G.,  and  ten  years  later  at  Windsor  Castle  personally 
invested  him  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  the  same  distinguished  Order.  In  1897, 
at  the  completion  of  the  sixtieth  year  of  her  reign,  the  same  gracious  monarch 
conferred  a  further  mark  of  favour  upon  him  by  raising  him  to  the  peerage 
as  Baron  Strathcona  and  Mount  Royal  of  Glencoe,  in  the  county  of  Argyll, 
and  of  Montreal,  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  and  Dominion  of  Canada.  In 
1900  a  second  patent  was  made  out  with  special  remainder  to  his  daughter  and 
her  heirs  male.  Lord  Strathcona  married  Isabella  Sophia,  daughter  of  the 
late  Richard  Hardisty,  Esq.,  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  and  his  daughter, 
Margaret  Charlotte,  is  the  wife  of  Robert  Jared  Bliss  Howard,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S. 
Lady  Strathcona  has  ably  seconded  her  illustrious  husband  in  his  numerous  acts 
and  schemes  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-men,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of 
their  daughter.  Lord  Strathcona  was  made  G.C.V.O.  in  1908,  and  in  1910  a 
Knight  of  Grace  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.  In  September,  1901, 
he  and  Lady  Strathcona  entertained  their  present  Majesties,  as  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  York,  upon  their  visit  to  Montreal,  and  in  the  following  year  they 
were  present  by  invitation  at  the  Coronation  of  King  Edward  and  Queen 
Alexandra.  Lord  Strathcona  was  one  of  the  representatives  of  the  Dominion 
at  the  funeral  of  King  Edward,  and  was  again  present  in  a  like  capacity  at  the 
Coronation  of  King  George  and  Queen  Mary.  He  was  also  appointed  similarly 
to  the  executive  of  the  King  Edward  Memorial  Committee.  With  three 
Sovereigns  of  these  realms  he  has  been  on  terms  of  close  and  intimate 
friendship,  the  crown  to  the  affectionate  and  reverential  regard  in  which 
he  is  held  by  the  people  high  and  low  of  the  great  Dominion  which 
yields  to  no  other  British  realm  in  loyal  devotion  to  Crown  and  Throne 
and  Empire. 

327 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Lord  Strathcona  will  always  be  gratefully  remembered  in  Canada  for 
his  unostentatious  benevolence  in  the  relief  of  distress,  and  his  princely  mu- 
nificence in  the  advancement  of  education  and  art.  Together  with  Lord 
Mount  Stephen  he  endowed  a  Canadian  scholarship  in  the  Royal  College  of 
Music  in  London,  and  subsequently  a  second  scholarship  on  his  own  behalf. 
On  the  occasion  of  Queen  Victoria's  Jubilee  in  1887  he  with  Lord  Mount 
Stephen  gave  a  million  dollars  for  the  building  and  endowment  of  the  Royal 
Victoria  Hospital,  Montreal,  which  sum  was  supplemented  in  1896  with  a 
further  gift  of  800,000  dollars  for  maintenance.  To  the  McGill  University 
alone  he  has  given  over  a  million  dollars,  and  in  1896  he  erected  and  endowed 
in  Montreal  the  Royal  Victoria  College  for  the  higher  education  of  women. 
In  1909  he  gave  500,000  dollars  towards  the  funds  of  the  University,  of  which 
50,000  dollars  was  for  the  augmentation  of  the  salaries  of  the  professional 
staff.  Among  his  more  recent  benefactions  has  been  the  450,000  dollars  he 
gave  to  promote  the  instruction  of  physical  training  and  military  drill  in 
the  Canadian  public  schools,  the  million  dollars  he  subscribed  to  King  Edward's 
Hospital  Fund,  and  the  52,500  dollars  to  Queen  Alexandra's  Unemployed 
Fund.  As  Hon.  Chairman  of  the  Western  Committee  of  the  Canadian 
Y.M.C.A.,  he  gave  150,000  dollars  for  Y.M.C.A.  extension  in  Manitoba, 
Alberta,  and  Nova  Scotia,  and  there  is  not  a  philanthropic  or  benevolent 
organisation  in  the  I  )ominion  which  has  not  either  enlisted  his  active  sympathies 
or  been  accorded  his  generous  assistance  and  support.  Lord  Strathcona  is 
an  F.R.S.,  a  D.C.L.,  and  an  LL.D.,  and  he  has  been  President  of  the  Montreal 
Bank,  Chancellor  of  McGill  University  and  Chancellor  and  Lord  Rector  of 
the  University  of  Aberdeen,  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Colonial 
Institute,  Vice-President  of  the  British  Association,  etc.,  etc.  In  1895  he 
purchased  the  Highland  estate  of  Glencoe  for  a  private  residence,  and  he 
also  owns  Debden  Hall,  Newport,  Essex.  His  London  addresses  are  28, 
Grosvenor  Square,  W.,  and  17,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 

TOIIX  OBKD  SMITH,  ESQ.,  was  born  the  22nd  September,  1864,  in  Birmingham, 

the  son  of  Obed  and  Isabel  (Spink)  Smith.     His  father  was  a  Liverpool 

merchant,  and  the  son  was  educated  at  the  Liverpool  Institute.     Going  out 

328 


CANADA 


to  Canada  in  1881,  and  embracing  the  profession  of  the  law,  he  was  called  to 
the  Manitoba  Bar  and  admitted  a  solicitor  in  1891.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  was  engaged  in  the  service  of  the  Manitoba  Government,  as  Acting-Clerk 
of  Legislature,  Deputy  Land  Commissioner,  and  in  other  important  positions. 
In  1901  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Immigration  for  Western  Canada, 
and  subsequently  chief  officer  of  the  European  service  for  the  Canadian 
Government,  with  headquarters 
in  London.  Mr.  Smith  married, 
in  March,  1896,  Lillian  Isabel, 
eldest  daughter  of  Harry  Barton 
Rose,  Esq.,  of  Winnipeg.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Arts, 
a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
graphical Society  and  of  the 
Royal  Colonial  Institute,  and 
has  lectured  on  Canada  before 
various  learned  societies.  A 
Freemason  of  high  degree,  he 
was  director  and  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  Masonic  Temple, 
Winnipeg,  and  is  a  founder  and 
Past  Master  of  the  "Canada" 
Masonic  Lodge  in  London. 


F.  A.  Sivaine. 


JOHN   OBED   SMITH,    ESQ. 


T    IEUTENANT-COLONEL  THE  HONOURABLE  JOHN  HERBERT  TURNER, 

Agent-General  for  British  Columbia  in  Great  Britain,  has  a  long  and 
honourable  record  of  public  service  to  his  credit.  Mr.  Turner  is  of  English  and 
East  Anglian  stock,  the  son  of  John  and  Martha  Turner,  of  Ipswich,  and  was 
born  in  the  village  of  Claydon,  a  little  to  the  north  of  the  Suffolk  county  town, 
the  7th  May,  1833.  Educated  at  Whitstable,  he  went  out  to  Canada  in  1856,  and 
was  for  some  time  in  business  at  Charlottetown  in  Prince  Edward  Island.  He 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


removed  to  Victoria,  in  British  Columbia,  in  1862,  and  there  founded  the  pros- 
perous and  extensive  mercantile  house  which  goes  by  his  name,  and  of  which 
he  has  been  the  head  and  guiding  spirit.  In  1876  he  was  made  Alderman  of 
Victoria,  and  from  1879  to  1881  filled  the  important  position  of  Mayor  of  that 
city.  In  1887  he  was  elected  to  the  local  Parliament  as  member  for  Victoria, 
and  sat  till  1901,  undertaking  during  that  period  with  distinct  success  some  of 
the  most  important  administrative  duties.  From  1887  to  1898,  and  again  in 

1899-1901,  he  did  excellent 
service  as  Minister  of  Finance 
and  Agriculture.  Made  Premier 
in  1895  he  held  that  distin- 
guished position  for  three 
years.  For  thirteen  years  he 
introduced  the  Budget,  and 
was  also  responsible  for  Acts 
for  the  encouragement  of 
fruit-growing  and  dairying 
and  the  formation  of  farmers' 
institutes  and  banks  and  other 
beneficial  enactments,  and  spe- 
cially for  the  change  in  the 
financial  system  of  the  Province 
by  the  issue  of  3  per  cent, 
inscribed  stock  in  L,ondon, 
which  took  effect  in  1888. 
Mr.  Turner  took  an  active 
part  in  the  formation  of  the  first  Rifle  Company  formed  in  Prince  Edward 
Island  and  later  served  in  the  first  Volunteer  Corps  formed  in  Victoria.  In 
1881  he  was  promoted  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Dominion  Reserve  Militia. 
In  everything  that  could  benefit  the  Province  or  its  people  Mr.  Turner  has 
been  to  the  fore,  and  he  has  been  President  of  the  British  Columbia  Benevo- 
lent Society  and  the  British  Columbia  Agricultural  Society,  and  also  of  the 
Victoria  Jubilee  Hospital,  one  of  the  most  valuable  institutions  in  the  Province. 


UEUT.-COL.  THE  HON.  JOHN  HERBERT  TURNER. 


330 


CANADA 

In  April,  1901,  Mr.  Turner  was  appointed  Agent-General  for  British 
Columbia  in  Great  Britain,  an  important  position  he  still  adorns.  He  has 
also  been  Vice-President  of  the  Colonial  Club,  and  a  member  of  the  general 
committee  of  the  United  Empire  Club.  As  a  delegate  to  various  commercial 
congresses  he  has  frequently  spoken  and  lectured  on  British  Columbia  and  its 
resources.  No  man  knows  that  Province  better  than  Mr.  Turner,  and  on  every 
subject  in  any  way  connected  with  it  he  is  admitted  to  be  a  leading  authority. 
Mr.  Turner,  who  was  married  in  1860  to  Elizabeth  Eilbeck,  of  White- 
haven,  was  presented  to  the  late  King  Edward,  when  Prince  of  Wales,  in 
1895,  and  he  has  been  similarly  honoured  by  their  present  Majesties.  Mr. 
Turner's  London  addresses  are  Salisbury  House,  Finsbury  Square,  E.G.,  and 
15,  Hereford  Square,  South  Kensington,  S.W.,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Junior  Constitutional  and  Royal  Automobile  Clubs  in  London  and  the  Union 
Club  of  Victoria,  B.C. 

CIR  [BYRON]  EDMUND  WALKER,  C.V.O.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished 
member  of  the  Canadian  banking  profession,  was  born  in  Seneca  Town- 
ship, Haldimand  Co.,  Ontario,  the  i4th  October,  1848,  the  son  of  the  late  Alfred 
E.  Walker,  Esq.,  of  Hamilton,  Ontario.  Educated  at  the  public  schools,  he  com- 
menced his  business  career  in  the  private  banking  office  of  his  uncle,  J.  W. 
Murton,  Esq.,  of  Hamilton,  and  in  1868  entered  the  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce 
as  discount  clerk.  He  was  promoted  Accountant  at  the  head  office,  Toronto,  in 
1872,  and  became  successively  Third  Agent  of  the  bank  at  New  York,  Manager 
at  Windsor  and  at  London,  Inspector-Manager  at  Hamilton  and  Joint  Agent 
at  New  York,  and  General  Manager  of  the  bank  in  October,  1886.  Twenty  years 
later  he  was  appointed  a  Director,  and  has  been  President  of  the  bank  since 
1907.  He  has  filled  various  distinguished  positions  in  connection  with  the 
Canadian  and  American  Bankers'  Association,  and  in  1910  the  senior  officers 
of  the  Bank  of  Commerce  presented  him  with  his  portrait,  painted  by  John 
Lavery.  He  is  the  author  of  the  "Canadian  System  of  Banking  and  the 
National  Banking  System  of  the  United  States  ;  a  Comparison  with  Refer- 
ence to  the  Banking  Requirements  of  Canada  "  (1890),  a  paper  on  "  Banking  in 
Canada,"  read  before  the  Congress  of  Bankers  and  Financiers  held  at  Chicago 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


in  1893,  "Why  Canada  is  against  Bimetallism"  (1897),  and  other  financial 
articles.  Banking  has  not,  however,  engrossed  his  entire  attention.  He  has 
been  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  Toronto  University  since  1910, 
President  of  the  Canadian  Institute  (1898-9)  and  of  the  Toronto  Guild  of  Civic 
Art  (1898-9),  and  local  secretary  in  connection  with  the  meetings  of  the 
British  Association  in  Toronto  in  1897.  In  1908  he  was  appointed  a  member 
of  the  National  Battlefields  Commission,  and  in  the  following  }rear, 

as  a  well-known  art  connoisseur, 
was  placed  on  the  advisory  com- 
mittee in  the  matter  of  pur- 
chasing paintings  for  the  National 
Art  Gallery  at  Ottawa.  He 
founded  the  Champlain  Society 
in  1905,  and  the  same  year  he 
was  awarded  a  commemorative 
diploma  and  medal  by  the 
Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition 
as  a  mark  of  special  recognition 
of  his  services  in  connection 
with  the  International  Congress 
of  Arts  and  Crafts.  He  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Commission  on  Toronto 
University,  to  which  in  the  pre- 
vious year  he  had  presented  his 
valuable  palseontological  collec- 
tion and  the  library  connected  with  it.  Amongst  his  published  works  is 
one  on  "  Canadian  Surveys  and  Museums,"  and  a  paper  on  "  Early  Italian 
Art."  Trinity  University  gave  him  its  Hon.  D.C.Iy.  in  1904,  and  Toronto 
its  Hon.  lyly.D.  in  1906. 

vSir  Edmund  was  made  a  C.V.O.  in  1908,  and  in  1910  he  was  given  the 
honour  of  knighthood,  receiving  the  accolade  from  the  King  in  person  in  June, 
1911,  when  in  England  on  the  occasion  of  the  Coronation  of  Their  Majesties, 


SIR  [BYRON]    EDMUND   WALKER, 
C.V.O. ,   D.C.L.,    LIv.D. 


CANADA 


at  which  he  was  present.  A  year  earlier  he  had  been  created  a  Knight  of 
Grace  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  and  in  this  particular  connection 
his  services  to  the  Toronto  General  Hospital,  as  a  trustee  and  in  other  ways, 
may  fitly  be  mentioned.  Sir  Edmund  was  married  in  1874,  to  Mary,  daughter 
of  Alex.  Alexander,  Esq.,  of  Hamilton.  He  is  a  Presbyterian  and  a  liberal,  but 
he  strenuously  opposed  the  Taft-Fielding  Reciprocity  agreement.  He  lives  at 
Long  Garth,  St.  George  Street,  Toronto,  and  at  Broadeaves,  De  Grassi 
Point,  Lake  Simcoe,  Ontario.  He  has  been  described  as  "one  of  the  fore- 
most authorities  on  banking  in  the  world."  The  list  of  the  clubs  of  which  he 
is  a  member — The  Toronto  Club,  York  Club,  Toronto,  St.  James',  Montreal, 
Lambton  Golf  and  Country  Club,  Toronto,  Toronto  Hunt  Club,  Royal  Canadian 
Yacht  Club,  Toronto,  the  Rideau  Club  at  Ottawa,  and  the  Devonshire  Club  in 
London — goes  far,  with  what  has  been  said  above,  to  justify  the  eulogy  which 
has  been  given  him  as  "a  large-hearted  citizen  of  the  world," 


LJARRISOX     WATSON,     ESQ., 

Agent-General  for  Prince 
Edward  Island,  was  born  the 
I3th  June,  1864,  the  eldest  son 
of  Charles  S.  Watson,  Esq.,  J.P., 
of  Montreal.  He  had  a  liberal 
education,  pursuing  his  studies 
in  turn  in  Canada,  England, 
France  and  Germany.  Engaged 
in  business  in  Canada,  he  was 
appointed  in  1892  to  take 
charge  of  the  commercial  and 
emigration  work  of  the  Canadian 
section  of  the  Imperial  Insti- 
tute, and  was  made  a  Commer- 
cial Agent  of  the  Canadian 
Government.  He  acts  as 
London  correspondent  of  the 


Elliott  6-  Fry. 


HARRISON    WATSON, 


333 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Canadian  Manufacturers'  Association,  and  represented  that  body  as  a 
delegate  at  the  Congress  of  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the  Empire  in  1900 
and  1906.  In  1902  he  was  appointed  Agent-General  for  Prince  Edward 
Island,  a  position  he  still  holds.  While  engaged  in  business  in  Canada, 
and  subsequently,  Mr.  Watson  visited  on  several  occasions  practically 
every  part  of  Canada,  and  has  travelled  all  over  the  United  States  and 
most  of  the  principal  countries  of  Europe.  Mr.  Watson  married  in  1890, 
his  wife  being  Ruth  Appleton,  eldest  daughter  of  William  Blake,  Esq. 
His  London  address  is  199,  Ashley  Gardens,  S.W.,  and  he  is  a  member  of 
the  Junior  Athenaeum,  Royal  Automobile  and  Canada  Clubs,  London,  and 
the  St.  James's  Club,  Montreal. 


HONOURABLE    SIR   JAMES  PLINY   WHITNEY,  K.C.,    was  born  in 
Williamburg,  Ontario,   on  the  2nd   October,  1843,    and  was   educated 
at  the  Public  School  and  at  the  Cornwall  Grammar  School.      Adopting  the 

law  as  his  profession,  he  be- 
came a  barrister  in  1876,  K.C. 
in  1890,  and  was  for  several 
years  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Bar  in  the  Province  of  Ontario. 
As  a  Liberal-Conservative  he 
unsuccessfully  contested 
Dundas  at  the  General  Election 
of  1886,  and  since  1888  has 
sat  for  the  same  constituency. 
He  was  leader  of  the  Opposi- 
tion, Ontario,  from  1896  to 
1905,  and  since  then  has  been 
Premier  and  President  of  the 
Council.  He  was  knighted  by 
King  George  at  the  Quebec  Ter- 
centenary Celebration  of  1908  ; 
THE  HON.  SIR  j.  P.  WHITNEY,  K.C.  was  present  in  Westminster 

334 


CANADA 

Abbey,  by  invitation,  at  the  Coronation  of  Their  Majesties,  and  was  subse- 
quently presented  to  Their  Majesties  at  Buckingham  Palace  in  June,  1911. 

In  his  youth,  Sir  James  Whitney  served  for  several  years  in  the  Volunteer 
Militia,  and  was  on  active  service  during  the  Fenian  troubles  of  1866,  for  which 
he  received  a  Medal,  and  he  is  now  a  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  the  Reserve 
Militia.  He  married,  in  April,  1877,  Alice,  the  third  daughter  of  the  late 
William  Park,  Esq.,  Cornwall,  Ontario,  and  resides  at  St.  George  Street, 
Toronto.  He  is  a  member,  among  other  clubs,  of  the  York  Club,  the  Albany 
Club,  the  Toronto  Club,  and  the  Royal  Canadian  Yacht  Club. 


CIR     RALPH     CHAMPNEYS 
WILLIAMS,      K.  C.M.G., 

Governor  of  Newfoundland,  son 
of  the  Rev.  T.  N.  Williams,  of 
Treffos,  Anglesey,  was  born  in 
1848,  educated  at  Rossall,  and  in 
1875  married  Jessie,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Dean,  Esq.  His  earlier 
life  was  occupied  with  travel  and 
exploration,  and  among  other 
adventures  he  organized  expe- 
ditions into  Patagonia  in  1873 
and  1874,  and  in  South  Africa 
in  1883  and  1884.  During  the 
Bechuanaland  expedition,  under 
Sir  Charles  Warren,  in  1884  and 
1885,  he  was  head  of  the  Civil 
Intelligence  Department,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain.  In  1887 
he  was  appointed  British  Consular  Officer  to  the  South  African  Republic, 
and  British  Agent  in  1888,  with  a  letter  of  credence  from  the  Foreign 
Office.  In  1890  he  was  transferred  to  Gibraltar  as  Colonial  Treasurer, 


Elliott  &•  Fry. 

SIR  RALPH   CHAMPNEYS   WILLIAMS,    K.C.M.G. 


335 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

and    in    1895   was   appointed  to  the    associated   office    of    Captain    of   the 

Port. 

From  1897  to  1901  he  served  as  Colonial  Secretary  and  Acting  Governor 
of  Barbados  for  two  periods  of  office,  and  in  the  latter  year  returned  to  Bechu- 
analand  as  Resident  Commissioner,  which  post  he  held  for  over  five  years. 
In  1906  he  became  Governor  of  the  Windward  Islands,  and  in  1909  was 
appointed  to  his  present  high  office. 

As  special  correspondent  of  the  Standard  in  South  Africa  for  several 
years,  and  author  of  the  volume,  "  The  British  Lion  in  Bechuanaland,"  Sir 
Ralph  Williams  is  also  well  known  as  a  facile  writer. 

PREDERICK  WILLIAMS- 
TAYLOR,  ESQ.,*  was 
born  in  1863  in  Moncton, 
New  Brunswick,  son  of  Ezekiel 
Moore  Taylor,  Esq.,  and  Rosa- 
lind Beatty.  His  parents  are 
of  North  Irish  ancestry  on  both 
sides,  and  among  his  more 
notable  progenitors  were  Cap- 
tain Moore,  R.N.,  of  Buncrana 
Castle,  Buncrana,  Ireland,  and 
Colonel  Joseph  Morse,  who  in 
1776  was  loyalist  Commandant 
of  Fort  Cumberland,  Nova 
Scotia.  He  entered  the  Bank 
of  Montreal  in  1878,  was 
appointed  Assistant  Inspector 

Elliot'  6-  Fry. 

FREDERICK  WIUJAMS-TAYLOR,   ESQ.  in   1897,   Joint  Manager  of  the 

Chicago  branch  in  1903,  and  Manager  of  the  London  office  of  the  Bank  in 
1906,  the  position  which  he  now  holds.  The  Silver  Medal  of  the  Society 
of  Arts  was  awarded  him  in  1911  for  his  valuable  paper  on  "  Canada  and 

*  Now  Sir  Frederick  Williams-Taylor,  Kt. 
336 


CANADA 

Canadian  Banking,"  and  he  has  contributed  other  valuable  papers  on  the 
subject  of  Canadian  finance  which  have  attracted  wide  attention  and 
discussion.  He  is  also  a  Director  of  the  Allan  Line  Steamship 
Company,  Ltd. 

In  1888  he  married  Jane  Fayrer  Henshaw,  only  daughter  of  Joshua 
Henshaw,  Esq.,  of  Montreal.  He  resides  in  London  at  Hans  Court,  S.W., 
and  is  a  member  of  various  Clubs,  including  the  St.  James's,  the  Bath,  and 
the  Ranelagh  Clubs,  and  the  Mount  Royal  and  the  St.  James's  Clubs,  Mon- 
treal. A  versatile  athlete,  he  has  won  distinction  in  rowing,  tennis  and  other 
sports,  and  stroked  the  Wanderers'  four-oared  crew  in  1886  at  Halifax,  N.S. 


337 


VII 


THE     WEST     INDIES,     BERMUDA     AND 
SOUTH     AMERICA. 

y\  MONG  the  many  notable  guests  who  were  present  at  the  Coronation 
ceremonies,  not  the  least  distinguished  were  THE  HONOURABLE 
HENRY  ALBERT  ALCAZAR,  K.C..  and 
MRS.  ALCAZAR,  of  Port  of  Spain, 
Trinidad.  Born  there  on  the  3oth 
September,  1860,  the  Hon.  Albert 
Alcazar  commenced  his  career  as 
a  distinguished  student  at  St. 
Mary's  College,  Trinidad,  where  in 
his  seventeenth  year  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  gaining  a  scholarship  of 
£150,  tenable  for  three  years.  Adopt- 
ing the  law  as  his  profession,  he  was, 
after  several  years'  study,  called  to 
the  Bar  at  Gray's  Inn,  and  returning 
to  Trinidad,  has  since  enjoyed  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice  in  his 
native  town.  In  addition  to  his 
legal  activities,  he  takes  a  wide 
interest  in  all  matters,  muni- 
cipal and  legislative,  relating  to 
the  government  of  the  Colony. 
He  has  sat  continuously  since 
1894  as  a  Member  of  the  Legislative 


The  London  Sfcrcoscof>ic  Co, 


THIi    HON.    H.    A.    AL,CAZAK,    K.C. 


339 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


The  Lou'lon  Stereoscopic  Co. 

MRS.    ALCAZAR. 

Council,  and  among  many 
other  distinctions  has  twice 
had  the  prominent  honour 
of  election  to  the  office  of 
Mayor  of  Port  of  Spain. 
He  was  given  silk  in  1897, 
and  on  two  occasions,  at  the 
special  request  of  the  Govern- 
ment, acted  as  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
Trinidad. 


T    IEUTEXAXT    CHARLES  E.    L.    COX 

was  born  in  British  Guiana  in 
November,  1889,  son  of  the  Hon.  C.  T. 
Cox,  C.M.G.  He  was  appointed  2nd 
Lieutenant  in  the  British  Guiana 
Artillery  Militia,  February,  1909,  and 
gazetted  Lieutenant  in  October, 
1910. 

Since  1907  Lieutenant  Cox  has 
held  a  substantive  post  in  the 
Colony  on  the  Staff  of  the  Govern- 
ment Secretary's  Office.  He  acted 
as  A.D.C.  and  Private  Secretary 
to  the  Acting  Governor  of  British 


The  London  Stereoscopic  Co. 

BUT.   CHARUiS 


.  COX. 


340 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 

Guiana  from  April  to  October,  1909,  and  subsequently  from  August,  1911. 
He  resides  at  Government  House,  British  Guiana. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  WILFRED  BENNETT  DAVIDSON-HOUSTON,  C.M.G., 

H.M.  Commissioner  for  Montserrat,  is  an  Officer  of  the  Special  Reserve 
Royal  Dublin  Fusiliers,  of  which  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Connaught  is  Colonel  - 
in-Chief.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Davidson-Houston  has  had  a 
long  and  distinguished  career. 
Born  in  1870,  the  second  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  B.  C. 
Davidson-Houston,  of  St. 
John's,  Sandymount,  Co. 
Dublin,  Chaplain  to  the  Vice- 
roy in  Ireland,  he  was 
educated  at  Corrig  School, 
Ireland,  and  St.  Edward's, 
Oxford.  He  joined  the  5th 
Battalion  of  his  regiment  in 
January,  1887,  attaining  his 
present  rank  in  1906.  He 
served  in  the  British  South 
Africa  Company's  expedition 
into  Mashonaland  in  1890, 
afterwards  remaining  as  Assist- 
ant Commissioner  in  the 
Mazoe  District  until  1892.  In  1894  he  proceeded  to  West  Africa  as 
an  Officer  of  the  Gold  Coast  Constabulary  (Hausas),  serving  in  the 
Attabubu  expedition  under  Sir  Francis  Scott,  K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G., 
and  became  Captain  in  the  West  African  Frontier  Force  in  1898.  In  1894-5 
he  conducted  Special  Missions  to  Kwahu  and  Ashanti-Akim,  and  to  Samory 
and  N.W.  Ashanti  in  1896,  receiving  the  thanks  of  the  Government  on  each 


'Matill  e*  For. 

LIEUT.-COLONEL  DAVIDSON-HOUSTON. 


34 * 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

occasion.  He  served  in  the  Ashanti  expedition,  1895-6,  commanding  the 
advance  guard  on  the  occupation  of  Kumasi,  being  placed  in  charge  over  the 
deposed  King  Prempeh  and  other  royal  prisoners  on  their  surrender.  He  served 
in  the  Northern  Territories,  Gold  Coast  operations,  1897-8,  and  the  Ashanti 
campaign,  1900  ;  and  later  in  the  South  African  war  as  Staff  Officer  at 
Warrenton.  His  decorations  include  the  C.M.G.,  Queen  Victoria  Diamond 
Jubilee  Medal,  King  George  V.  Coronation  Medal,  Ashanti  Star,  West  African 
General  Service  Medal  and  Clasp,  Ashanti  Medal  and  Clasp,  S.A.  Queen's 
Medal  and  five  Clasps,  and  he  has  been  several  times  mentioned  in  despatches  for 
his  services  in  different  campaigns.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Davidson -Houston 
acted  as  Resident  in  Ashanti  in  1899-1900,  and  as  Chief-Commissioner 
in  that  country  from  1903  to  1905. 

In  March,  1906,  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Montserrat,  and 
member  of  the  Federal  Executive  and  General  Legislative  Councils  of  the 
Leeward  Island  Colony  in  the  same  year.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal 
Colonial  Institute,  of  the  Royal  Aero,  and  Sports  Clubs  in  London,  and  the 
Kildare  Street  Clu'b,  Dublin,  as  well  as  of  the  Clan  Dhai.  He  married,  in 
1898,  Annie  H.,  only  daughter  of  the  late  E.  Langley  Hunt,  Esq.,  of 
Curragh  Bridge,  Adare,  Co.  Limerick,  and  has  two  sons. 

At  the  Imperial  Education  Conference  in  London  in  1911,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Davidson-Houston  represented  the  Leeward  Islands  as  delegate 
to  the  conference  from  that  Colony,  and  he  was  also  a  delegate  from  the 
West  Indies  at  the  recent  Reciprocity  Conference  at  Ottawa,  Canada. 
He  will  be  known  to  the  Dominion  and  Colonial  officers  who  were  in 
England  for  the  Diamond  Jubilee  in  1897,  when  he  acted  for  a  time 
as  Adjutant  at  Chelsea  Barracks,  and  as  officer  in  charge  of  the  Gold  Coast 
Hausa  Detachment  during  those  celebrations.  At  the  Coronation  of 
H.M.  King  George  V.,  Colonel  Davidson-Houston,  in  addition  to  working 
at  the  Colonial  Office  in  connection  with  the  Overseas  Troops,  was 
on  Lord  Cheylesmore's  staff  at  the  Duke  of  York's  School  as  Staff  Officer 
for  the  Crown  Colonies  and  Protectorates.  He  had  also  the  honour  of  being 
one  of  the  sixteen  representatives  specially  selected  to  represent  the  Colonies 
at  the  funeral  of  her  late  Majesty,  Queen  Victoria,  in  February,  1901. 

34-2 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 


A/TAJOR  WILLIAM  EDWARD  MOSSE  DRUMMOND,  V.D.,  was  born  in  1864, 
in  Jamaica,  British  West  Indies.  He  entered  the  Civil  Service  of 
that  Colony  in  1880,  and  served  in  the  Medical,  Audit  and  Revenue  Depart- 
ments, in  the  latter  of  which  he  is  now  Collector  of  Revenue,  and  Parochial 
Treasurer  for  the  Parish  of  Saint  Catherine,  with  headquarters  at  the  ancient 
town  of  Saint  Jago  de  la  Vega.  He  was  Deputy  Harbour  Master  for  the  Port 
of  Kingston  from  1892  to 
1908,  and  on  the  formation 
of  the  Marine  Board  in  1896 
was  appointed  its  first  Secre- 
tary, which  position  he  held 
until  1908. 

On  the  invitation  of  the 
then  Governor,  Field-Marshal 
Sir  Henry  Wylie  Norman, 
Major  Drummond  joined  the 
Jamaica  Garrison  Artillery  in 
1885,  and  was  commissioned 
as  Second  lieutenant  on  the 
3rd  October,  1895,  and  Lieu- 
tenant on  the  27th  August  in 
the  following  year.  He  was 
gazetted  Captain  on  the  3rd 
April,  1900.  On  the  special 
recommendation  of  the 
Defence  Committee,  London, 
he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Major  in  1908. 

He  holds  the  Long-Service  Medal  (1905),  and  the  Coronation  Medal  and 
Volunteer  Decoration  (1912). 

Immediately  after  the  earthquake  of  1907  his  corps  was  called  out  and 
placed  in  charge  for  four  weeks  of  a  portion  of  the  western  part  of  Kingston, 
including  the  Jamaica  Government  Railway,  the  Government  wharves  and 
warehouses,  for  which  services  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Government. 


MAJOR     DRUJIJIOND,     V.D. 


343 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

He  married,  in  1897,  L,ouisa,  daughter  of  W.  M.  Anderson,  Esq.,  late 
Emigration  Agent  in  India,   and  has   one   daughter. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Jamaica  Club,  Kingston. 


CAPTAIN    DUNCAN    PHASER    was    born    in     Inverness-shire,     Scotland, 

in   the  year  1869,  and  was  educated  in  Glen-Con vinth  Public  School. 

He  served  with  the  ist  Volunteer  Battalion  Cameron  Highlanders  in 

1886,  and  was  one  of  the 
N.C.O.'s  whose  portraits  adorn 
the  wall  of  the  Battalion's  Drill 
Hall  in  commemoration  of  Queen 
Victoria's  Jubilee  Review  held  at 
Inverness  in  1887. 

In  1889  he  was  appointed 
to  a  position  in  Demerara,  with 
Messrs.  Booker  Bros.,  where  he 
remained  for  six  years.  He  joined 
the  British  Guiana  Militia  shortly 
after  his  arrival,  and  remained  a 
member  of  the  Force  until  his 
departure. 

In  1895  he  was  appointed  as 
manager  of  the  firm  of  Messrs. 
James  Brodie  &  Co.,  Belize, 

British  Honduras,  and  became  a  partner  in   the    firm  the   year   following. 

He   married   in    1896  a  daughter    of   the   late   John   Musterd,    Esq.,   sugar 

planter,  Demerara. 

A  Mounted  Infantry  Section  was  formed  in  British  Honduras  in  1904, 

in    connection    with    the    British     Honduras    Volunteer     Force.       Captain 

Fraser     was     appointed     as    Sergeant    on    its    formation,     and    in     1905 

promoted  to  Lieutenant,  and   Captain  in  1906.      He  is  now  in  command 

of  the  Belize   Mounted   Infantry    Volunteers. 


The  Lon.lon  Stereoscopic  ( o. 

CAPTAIN   D.    FRASER. 


344 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 


pARLOS  MELHADO,  ESQ.,  C.M.G.,  was  born   on  the  30th  April,  1852,  and 
received    his    early    education    at    the    L/ycee    Imperial,    St.    Omer, 
France.       In     his     seventeenth 
year     he     went     to      British 

i 

Honduras,  where  he  became 
permanently  settled,  and  in  the 
year  1881  he  received  the  impor- 
tant appointment  of  Consul 
for  Germany  in  that  Colony, 
a  post  which  he  continued  to 
fill  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
He  has  been  a  Member  of 
the  Executive  Council  for 
British  Honduras  since  1889, 
and  as  a  representative  of 
his  colony  he  came  to  England 
in  1911  to  attend  the  Corona- 
tion of  King  George  V.  As  a 
reward  for  his  long  services, 
he  then  received  the  honour 
of  a  Companionship  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St. 

~  The  Lou  Ion  Stt-n'oSiOpit  (o. 

CARLOS   MELHADO,    ESQ.,    C.M  G. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  R.  JOHNSTONE,  of  the  Trinidad  Light  Infantry 
Volunteers,  was  born  in  San  Fernando,  Trinidad,  on  the  24th  July, 
1854.  Educated  at  the  Queen's  Royal  College,  Trinidad,  and  sub- 
sequently at  the  City  of  London  School  and  the  Clapham  Grammar 
School,  he  entered  business  in  Port  of  Spain  in  1873,  but  sub- 
sequently joined  the  Colonial  Civil  Service  in  1879,  retiring  on  a 
pension  in  1908. 


345 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


LIEUT. -COLONEL    R.    JOHXSTONE. 

tion     with     the     Trinidad     contingent      in 
Boulevard,  Port  of  Spain. 


1911. 


Colonel  John- 
stone  became 
attached  to  the 
Trinidad  Light 
Infantry  Volun- 
teers in  1887,  was 
gazetted  as  Lieu- 
tenant in  1888, 
Captain  in  1889, 
Major  in  1895, 
and  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  1910. 
He  holds  the  V.D. 
(1908),  and  atten- 
ded the  Corona- 
Residence,  Cipriani 


pAPTAIN  HENEAGE  GOLDIE  PASEA.  of  the  Trinidad  Light  Horse,  has 
had  the  double  honour  of  being  selected  to  attend  both  the  Coronation 
of  the  late  King  Edward  VII.  and  likewise  that  of  King  George.  He  is  a 
son  of  the  late  Honourable  Archibald  Monro  Pasea,  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council,  and  was  born  at  Streatham  Lodge  Estate,  Trinidad,  British  West 
Indies,  the  family  residence,  on  the  25th  October,  1858.  Educated  at  the 
Queen's  Royal  College  there,  he  began  his  business  career  as  a  sugar  planter, 
and  subsequently  turned  his  attention  to  the  development  of  the  cocoa  plant- 
ing industry  in  the  island.  He  married,  first,  in  January,  1882,  Louisa  St.  John 
Dyett,  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Dyett,  of  St.  Kitts,  who  died  in  1883,  leaving 
one  daughter,  Annie  Dudley  ;  second,  in  June,  1890,  Selina  Margaret  McKenzie, 
daughter  of  the  late  Rowland  P.  McKenzie,  Esq.,  sugar  planter,  Trinidad, 
and  granddaughter  of  the  late  Lieut. -Colonel  Alexander  William  McKenzie. 
In  1889  he  entered  the  Civil  Service  of  Trinidad,  and  the  following  are  some 


346 


WEST   TNDIES,    BERMUDA    <<'   S.    AMERICA 


of  the  numerous  positions  and  appointments  he  has  held,  namely  :— 
Ward  Officer  and  Assistant  Supervisor,  Tacarigna  ;  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  of  St.  Joseph,  Arima, 
and  Port  of  Spain  ;  Chief  Clerk 
to  the  Surgeon-General ;  Acting 
Warden  of  Arima  and  Cedros  ; 
and  Acting  Stipendiary  Justice 
of  the  Peace  of  Arima ,  Couva,  San 
Fernando,  Cedros  and  Mayaro. 
In  August,  1911,  he  was  appoin- 
ted Stipendiary  Justice  and 
Warden  of  Toco,  and  is  now 
Acting  Stipendiary  Magistrate  of 
Arima,  Trinidad. 

Captain  Pasea  joined  the 
Trinidad  Light  Infantry  in  1888, 
and  was  transferred  to  the 
Burnley  Carbineers,  Mounted 
Volunteers,  in  1889,  when  he 

Tin-  !.m,l,m  Sf.mau  pit    Co. 

was    promoted     to     the     rank    of  CAPTAIN  HEXKAGE  GOLDIE  PASKA. 

Corporal.  This  troop  has  now  been  merged  in  the  Trinidad  Light 
Horse.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  suppression  of  the  riots  in 
Trinidad  in  1903. 


JOHN  PRIXGLE,    ESQ.,    K.C.M.G.,    M.H.C.M..  of    Jamaica,  is  the  son  of  John 
Pringle,  Esq.,  of  Whaup,   Roxburgh,  and  was  born  in   1849.      He   was 
educated  at   Aberdeen   University,    graduated  in  Medicine   and   Surgery  in 
1872,  and  left  Scotland  for  the  West  Indies  in  the  same  year. 

Among  the  many  official  positions  which  he  now  holds  there  he  is  a 
Member  of  the  Privy  Council,  and  a  Nominated  Member  of  the  Legislative 
Council  of  Jamaica ;  Custos  Rotulorum  of  the  Parish  of  Saint  Mary ;  Chair- 
man of  the  Parochial  Board  of  the  same  Parish;  Chairman  of  the  Board 


347 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


JOHN    PRIXGLE,    ESQ.,    K.C.M.G.,    M.B.C.M. 


of  Supervision  for  Jamaica; 
District  Grand  Master  of 
English  Freemasons  in 
Jamaica ;  and  owns  a  large 
number  of  estates  in  the 
island.  In  1876  he  married 
Amy  Zillah,  daughter  of  the 
late  Hon.  J.  I/evy,  of  St. 
Jago  Park,  Spanish  Town. 
He  was  created  C.M.G.  in 
1900,  and  K. C.M.G.  in 
IQII,  and  represented 
Jamaica  at  the  Coronation 
of  King  George  V.  He  has 
a  residence  at  Cape  Clear, 
and  one  at  Agualta  Vale, 
Jamaica,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional,  Empire 
and  West  Indian  Clubs  in 
lyondon,  and  of  the  Jamaica 
Club,  at  Kingston. 


CAPTAIN  ADOLPHUS  RICHARDS  was  born  on  the  isth  September, 
1880,  in  St.  Vincent,  and  is  the  son  of  E.  A.  Richards,  Esq. 
(of  Messrs.  E.  A.  Richards  &  Co.),  American  Consular  Agent,  of 
that  island.  He  was  educated  at  the  Grammar  School,  St.  Vincent, 
and  Harrison  College,  Barbados.  He  took  an  early  and  keen  interest 
in  the  Volunteer  movement  and  in  rifle  shooting,  and  when  only 
twenty  years  of  age  started  a  corps  of  boys.  In  1904  he  was 
appointed  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  Volunteer  Reserve  Corps,  being 
shortly  afterwards  elected  its  President.  In  1911  he  was  gazetted 
Captain  of  the  Volunteer  Force,  and  was  selected  as  the  representative 


348 


WEST   INDIES,    BERMUDA   &  S.    AMERICA 


of  St.  Vincent  in  the  Wind- 
ward Islands  contingent 
at  the  Coronation  of  Their 
Majesties. 

Captain  Richards  is  a 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Messrs. 
E.  A.  Richards  &  Co.,  and 
belongs  to  one  of  the  oldest 
families  in  the  island.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Kingstown 
Club. 


JV/TAJOR    WILLIAM    J.    SLACK 

was  born  in  1872,  and  is 
the  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  D.  L. 
Slack,  of  South/port,  England. 
He  was  educated  at  Kingswood, 
Bath,  and  at  the  London  University.  On  completion  of  his  education 
he  was  articled  to  E.  Cooper,  Esq.,  J.P.,  solicitor,  of  Blackburn,  and 
in  1894  he  passed  the  solicitor's  final  examination  with  honours.  In 
1897  he  obtained  the  position  of  Assistant  to  the  Attorney-General  for 
British  Honduras,  and  was  admitted  a  Member  of  the  Bar  for  that 
Colony,  and  in  the  following  year  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Messrs.  Woods  &  Slack.  Joining  the  British  Honduras  Volunteer  Force  on 
its  formation  in  December,  1897,  he  was  appointed  2nd  Lieutenant  in 
January,  1899,  and  Lieutenant  in  1905  ;  was  promoted  to  Captain 
on  the  igth  April,  1906,  Major  in  December,  1907,  and  has  since 
been  in  command  of  the  force.  He  took  part  in  the  Cayo  Special  Service 
expedition  in  July,  1907,  and  was  senior  officer  in  command  when 
that  force  was  called  out  in  Belize  in  August  of  that  year,  and  for 
special  service  at  Stann  Creek  in  July,  1910.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Town  Board,  has  acted  as  a  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council  and  as 


/  lit-  f.rnition  Stereoscopic  Co. 

CAPTAIN    A.    RICHARDS. 


349 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


Commissioner  of  Currency,  and 
is  a  J.P.  for  the  Colony.  He 
has  his  residence  in  Belize,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Grosvenor 
Club,  Piccadilly. 


pAPTAIN  DAVID  LEOPOLD 
SLIXGER  was  born  in 
the  town  of  St.  George, 
Island  of  Grenada,  on  the  5th 
November,  1861,  and  was 
educated  at  the  Normal  School 
of  his  native  town  and  the 
Government  Grammar  School, 
but  his  father's  death  prevent- 
ed him  from  taking  advantage 
of  the  scholarships  he  gained. 
At  an  early  age  he  started 

life  in  the  local  mercantile  house  of  Messrs.  F.  Marrast  &  Co.,  subse- 
quently commencing  business  on  his  own  account  as  a  merchant  in  the 
town  of  St.  George.  His  firm  is  now  one  of  the  most  extensive  in 
Grenada,  consisting  as  it  does  of  a  principal  house  in  the  capital,  and 
several  branch  establishments  in  the  island. 

Captain  Slinger  has  identified  himself  with  every  phase  of  life  in  his 
native  country,  whether  it  be  political,  educational,  religious,  social,  or 
sporting.  He  occupies  a  seat  on  the  Board  of  Education,  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Principal  District  Board,  and  the  Agricultural  Board  of  the  island, 
and  on  one  occasion  acted  as  an  unofficial  member  of  the  Legislative 
Council. 

As  evidence  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  Captain  Slinger  by  the  Governor 
of  the  Island,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  he  has  been  appointed  to  the  Com- 
mittee to  report  upon  the  Harbour  of  St.  George  and  the  improvements 


London  Stereoscopic  Co. 

MAJOR   WIIJJAJI   J.   SLACK. 


350 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 


thereto,  which  are  contemplated  by  the  Government  in  view  of  the  harbour 
becoming  an  important  point  and  port  of  call  when  the  Panama  Canal  is 
completed. 

Captain  Slinger  is  a  member  of  every  sporting  association  in  Grenada, 
and  the  donor  of  a  most  valuable  trophy  competed  for  annually  by  the  Rifle 
Ciubs  of  the  Windward  Islands. 

At  the  request  of  the  Colon- 
ial Government  Captain  Slinger 
assumed  the  command  of  the 
Volunteer  Defence  Force  of 
the  island  in  1910,  and  import- 
ed into  the  appointment  such 
zeal  and  unremitting  energy 
that  the  movement,  which  failed 
at  its  inception  to  receive  the 
popular  recognition  and  the 
support  it  warranted,  has  gain- 
ed the  public  favour.  The 
force  is  now  a  well-organised 
body,  and  under  its  present 
command  is  rapidly  attaining 
a  high  standard  of  efficiency. 
By  unanimous  approval  Captain 
Slinger  was  appointed  one  of  the  representatives  of  Grenada  to  take 
command  of  the  contingent  of  the  Defence  Force  representing  the  Windward 
Islands  at  the  Coronation  of  His  Majesty  King  George  V. 

Captain    Slinger   is    a  Justice   of  the    Peace,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  zealous  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  Grenada. 


The  London  Stereoscopic  Co. 

CAPTAIN    D.    L.    SLINGER. 


QAPTAIN    JAMES    LIGHTBOURN    SMITH,    who    attended    the    Coronation 

as    Officer    Commanding     the     Bermuda     contingent,     was     born     in 

Pembroke   Parish,  Bermuda,  on   the    2ist   January,  1866,  and    is  the  son 

of  James  I,.  Smith,  Esq.,  merchant,  of  that  island.     He  was  educated  at 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Pembroke  Grammar  School,  and  joined  the  Bermuda  Volunteer  Corps 
as  a  private  on  its  formation  in  1895,  received  his  Commission  in 
1896,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captain  in  1900. 

In  addition  to  his 
military  services,  he 
has  devoted  much  of 
his  activity  and  atten- 
tion to  Governmental 
affairs,  and  in  1911 
was  elected  a  Member 
of  the  Colonial  Parlia- 
ment, in  which  he  now 
represents  his  native 
constituency  of  Pem- 
broke Parish.. 

In  1899  Captain 
Smith  married  Mildred, 
daughter  of  Archdeacon 
Tucker,  of  Bermuda. 
His  family  and  his 

CAPTAIN    J.    IJOHTBOURX    SMITH. 

wife  s  were  among  those 

who,  over  two-and-a-half  centuries  ago,  settled  in  the  island.  Captain 
Smith  has  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Messrs.  Trimingham  Brothers,  merchants,  of  Hamilton. 


TIEUTENANT-COLONEL  THE  HONOURABLE  GEORGE  LLEWELLYN 
DOUGLAS  SWAIN,  V.D.,  the  second  son  of  the  late  Assistant  Com- 
missary-General, Charles  Swain,  and  Eliza  Dominga  Sanchez  de  Pina,  of 
Gibraltar,  was  born  in  Corfu,  the  Ionian  Islands,  on  the  8th  June,  1858, 
and  was  educated  chiefly  at  Harrison's  College,  Barbados.  For  two 
years,  1876-1878,  he  was  engaged  in  the  Army  Pay  Office,  Barbados, 
and  then  joined  the  Colonial  Bank,  leaving  that  in  1882  to  take 

352 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 


up  an  appointment  as  a  clerk  in  the  Police  Department,  British  Guiana. 

He     was     appointed     District     Inspector     of     Police     in    1884 ;     County 

Inspector,    1892  ;     was  Acting  Deputy  Inspector-General   in    1893   and   in 

1898  ;     promoted    to    Chief    County    Inspector    and    Second-in-Command, 

i8th     November,      1899 ;       Acting      Inspector-General,      1900 ;       Acting 

Inspector-General    and  -Colonel 

Commandant  of  Militia,     1902  ; 

Deputy     Inspector-General     of 

Constabulary    in   Trinidad,    the 

30th   September,   1903 ;    Acting 

Inspector-General     and     C  o  m  - 

mandant  of  local  forces,  with  the 

rank  of  L/ieutenant-Colonel,  with 

a    seat    in  the   Executive   and 

Legislative    Councils,     in    1905 

and     in    1907.       Promoted 

Inspector-General,      September, 

1907,     with      a     seat     in     the 

Legislative   Council.      In    1910 

he    was    appointed    a    member 

of     the     Executive     Council. 

Previously     to     that,     viz.,    in 

February,    1895,  he  did  special 

service    with    Mr.     McTurk, 

C.M.G.,  in  taking  over  Uruana  from  Venezuela,  and  remained  in  command 

of  the  Police  there  until  the   following   July.     He   volunteered   for  service 

with    the   Ashanti    expedition,     1895-1896,    was    mentioned    in   despatches 

and  received  the  Star.      He  obtained  the  Hythe  Certificate  of  Musketry  in 

1887,  and  the  Field  Officers'  Pass  Certificate  at  the  School  of  Instruction, 

Wellington  Barracks,  in  1891,  while  in  the  same  year  he  served  for  two 

months'    training   with    the    Royal    Irish    Constabulary    in    Dublin.      He 

is    also    the    holder    of    a    First-Class    Ambulance    Certificate.     In    1900, 

Colonel  Swain   served   on  the   Commission  to   enquire    into   the    adminis- 


LIEUT.-COLONEI,   SWAIN,  V.I). 


353 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

tration  of  the  Poor  I,aw  in  British  Guiana,  and  sat  on  the  Medical 
Commission  held  in  igio.  In  ign  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Trinidad  contingent  which  attended  the  Coronation  of  King 
George  V, 


pAPTAIN  JOHN  ARTHUR  CLARENCE  TENGELY,   of    British  Guiana,   was 

born    on    the    23rd    January,    1878,    and    is   the    second    son    of    the 

late     Joseph     Augustus    Tengely,     Esq.,     of     Buda-Pesth,    Hungary,     and 

Georgetown,  by   Elizabeth   Anne,    daughter   of   the  late   Charles   Montague 

Jones,  Esq.,  Superintendent 
of  the  River  Survey,  British 
Guiana,  and  is  the  great- 
nephew  of  Colonel  Philip 
Figyelmesy,  the  friend  of  Louis 
Kossuth,  whom  the  Colonel 
accompanied  to  England  on 
his  memorable  visit  after  taking 
a  strenuous  part  in  the  Hun- 
garian revolution  of  1848.  He 
was  educated  at  Queen's  College, 
Georgetown,  and  received  his 
first  Commission  as  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  British  Guiana 
Militia  on  the  2ist  November, 
1901,  and  under  competitive 
examination  was  promoted  to 
CAPTAIN  j.  A.  c.  TBNGELY.  Lieutenant  on  the  i ith  July,  1903, 

and  to  the  rank  of  Captain  in  the  following  December.  In  July,  1904,  he 
successfully  passed  the  course  of  musketry  at  Hythe,  and  in  October  of 
the  same  year  the  course  at  the  School  of  Instruction  at  Chelsea.  On 
returning  to  British  Guiana  in  the  following  year,  he  took  an  immediate 
and  active  part  in  the  suppression  of  the  riots  in  Georgetown. 

354 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 

He     was     present     with     his     contingent     at     the     various     Coronation 
ceremonies. 

Captain    Tengely     married,     in    1908,     Josephine,   fifth   daughter    of 
the   late  Thomas   Farrar,    Archdeacon    of    Demerara, 


CAPTAIN  STANLEY  CLIFFORD  THORXE,  J.P.,  was  born  in  the  island 
of  Barbados  on  the  27th  December,  1871,  and  educated  in  England 
at  the  famous  Clifton  College. 
He  took  an  early  and  enthusi- 
astic interest  in  volunteering, 
and  when  only  in  his  sixteenth 
year,  as  a  member  of  his 
College  Cadet  Corps,  competed 
at  Wimbledon  for  the  "School 
Cadets"  prize  in  1888.  He 
is  now  interested  in  the  growth 
and  manufacture  of  sugar,  and 
is  a  sugar  planter  in  the  island, 
but  is  still  devoted  to  soldier- 
ing, and  as  Captain  of  the 
Mounted  Infantry  Company  of 
Barbados  Volunteers  he  repre- 
sented his  Colony,  and  took 
part  in  all  the  Coronation  cere- 

The  Lomlon  Stereoscopic  Co. 

monies   at   Westminster.     He  is  CAPTAIN  s.  c.  THORXE. 

a    member    of    the     Colonial     Parliament    in    Barbados    and     resides     at 

Molyneux    Plantation. 


/CAPTAIN  RICHARD  J.  TUCKER,   Bermuda  Volunteer  Rifle    Corps,  eldest 


\^ 


son  of  Robert  R.  J.  Tucker,  Esq.,  was  born  on  the  I2th  June,  1869, 
in  Paget  Parish,  Bermuda,  and  was  educated  at  the  Pembroke  Grammar 
School  in  Hamilton,  Bermuda. 


355 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

His     family,     which     for     many     generations     has    been    intimately 
connected  with  the  fortunes  of  Bermuda,  originally  belonged  to  Thronley, 

in  Devonshire,  one  of  its  mem- 
bers, in  the  year  1642,  having 
been  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Islands. 

Captain  Tucker  enlisted  in 
the  Bermuda  Volunteer  Rifle 
Corps,  on  its  formation  in  1895, 
as  a  private  in  B  Company, 
and  rose  through  the  N.C.  O. 
grades  to  Colour-Sergeant.  He 
received  his  first  Commission  as 
2nd  lyieutenant  in  April,  1900, 
was  gazetted  lyieutenant  in  the 
following  year,  and  on  attaining 
present  rank  was  transferred  to 
C  Company  at  Somerset  and 
Ireland  Island.  As  a  member 
of  the  Bermuda  contingent 
he  attended  the  Coronation  of  King  George  and  Queen  Mary. 

He  married  in  1902,  Ada  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  Bowden,  Esq., 
of  Exeter,  Devon,  England. 


CAPTAIN    R.    J.    TUCKKR. 


"pHE   HONOURABLE   SIR   JAMES   HENRY   YOUNG,   M.E.C.,  M.L.C. 

Although  one  of  the  smallest  in  area  and  population  among  His 
Majesty's  Possessions  overseas,  the  Colony  of  the  Bahamas  has  always 
taken  pride  in  its  ancient  constitution,  which  dates  back  to  the 
early  years  of  the  eighteenth  century.  This  loyal  community  was 
represented  at  the  Coronation  by  the  Hon.  Sir  James  Henry  Young. 
Born  in  1842  and  educated  in  Nassau,  the  capital,  he  sat  continuously 
for  forty-one  years  or  nearly  six  consecutive  septennial  periods  from 


356 


WEST    INDIES,    BERMUDA    &   S.    AMERICA 


1868  to  1909,  as  Member  for  the  Biminis  and  Grand  Bahama 
constituency  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  when,  in  the  latter  year,  he 
was  called  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislative  Council  of  the  Colony.  He  is  now 
a  member  of  both  Councils  and  is  also  Chairman  of  the  Marine  Products 
Board,  an  important  depart- 
ment of  the  Administrative 
Government,  holding  the 
control  of  the  sponge  fish- 
eries, one  of  the  principal 
industries  of  the  islands. 

Sir  James  Young  is  a 
frequent  visitor  to  England, 
and  has  a  large  circle  of 
friends  in  London.  At 
an  Investiture  at  Buckingham 
Palace  in  1908  he  received 
from  his  late  Majesty  King 
Edward  the  honour  of 
knighthood,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Imperial  Society  of 
Knights.  He  is  Honorary 
Secretary  for  the  Royal 
Colonial  Institute  in  the 
Bahamas. 

A  man  of  culture,  ability  and  genial  manner,  he  is  one  of  the  most 
popular  residents  in  the  Colony,  and  was  fitly  chosen  as  its  representative 
at  Their  Majesties'  Coronation. 


Elliott  &  Tty. 

THE   HON.    SIR   JAMRS    HENRY    YOUXO. 


357 


MALTA     AND     EGYPT 


VIII 


MALTA    AND    EGYPT 


of  the  strongest  fortresses  and  most  important  outposts  of  the 
British  Empire,  the  Island  of  Malta  was  entitled  to  prominent 
representation  at  the  Coronation  of  King  George  V.  This  honourable 
duty  was  adequately  fulfilled  by  the  contingent  which  came  over  under 
the  command  of  Major  Alfred  Vella,  Royal  Malta  Artillery.  The  other  officers 
were  Captain  Anthony  Arrigo,  2nd  King's  Own  Malta  Regiment  of  Militia, 
and  Captain  Contino  Teuma  Castelletti,  ist  Bn.  King's  Own  Malta 
Regiment  of  Militia. 

All  the  existing  Maltese  Corps  were  represented,  viz.  :— 
The  Royal  Malta  Artillery. 
Malta  Militia  Royal  Engineers. 
ist  Bn.  King's  Own  Malta  Regiment  of  Militia. 
2nd  Bn.  King's  Own  Malta  Regiment  of  Militia. 


359 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


A/TAJOll  ALFRED  VELLA  was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Malta 
Fencible  Artillery  on  the  i6th  May,  1883,  and  was  promoted  Captain  on 
the  i2th  October,  1892,  and  Major  on  the  i7th  February,  1897,  becoming 
Second-in-Command  on  the 
25th  November,  1909.  During 
the  Soudan  expedition  of  1885 
he  was  attached  to  the  trans- 
port train  as  Deputy- Assistant 
Commissary-General,  and  was 
present  in  various  attacks  on 
convoys  and  in  the  advance 
on  Tamai,  for  which  he  receiv- 
ed the  Medal,  with  Clasp,  and 
the  Bronze  Star.  He  was 
appointed  Adjutant  of 
Royal  Malta  Artillery  in 
February,  1896. 

The  name  of  Vella  is  con- 
spicuously associated  with  the 
Maltese  troops,  several  mem- 
bers of  the  family  having 
served  for  many  years  in  the 

various  local  corps.  Captain  Michele  Vella,  a  grand-uncle  of  Major  A.  Vella, 
who  was  born  on  the  i6th  July,  1776,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  French  during 
their  occupation  of  Malta,  and  executed  on  the  Palace  Square  on  the  2oth 
January,  1799. 


MAJOR  AI.FRKD  VEIJ.A. 


/CAPTAIN  ANTHONY  ARRIGO   served  originally  as  a  cadet  in  the   Royal 
Malta  Regiment   of  Militia,  was  promoted  2nd  Lieutenant  on  the  25th 
April,  1893,  Lieutenant  on  the  26th  May,  1897,  and  Captain  on  the  2Oth  May, 
1899.     He  is  now  the  Senior  Captain. 


360 


MALTA    AND    EGYPT 


pAPTAIN  TEUMA  CASTELLETTI,  Contino  of  Chain  Toffieha,  joined  the  Royal 
Malta  Regiment  of  Militia  as  2nd  Lieutenant  on  the  loth  August,  1899, 

being  promoted  Lieutenant  on  the  8th  December,  1900,  and  Captain  on  the 

loth  June,  1910.  He  was 
appointed  Colonial  Aide- 
de-Camp  to  His  Excellency 

the  Governor  of  Malta  on 

^^* 

the  4th  January,  1908,  and 

local  Captain  in  the  Army 
on  the  25th  May,  1910, 
created  Knight  (2nd  Class) 
of  Saxe-Ernestine  Order  on 
the  loth  June,  1910. 

*       *       *       * 

These  regiments  date 
from  the  year  1800,  when 
Brigadier-General  Graham 
(afterwards  Lord  Lyne- 
dock),  with  a  view  to 
augmenting  the  force, 
consisting  of  two  British 
Battalions  and  Maltese  Militia  Troops,  which  was  blockading  the  French 
in  Valletta,  raised  a  Fencible  Regiment,  the  Maltese  Light  Infantry  or 
"  Cacciatori  Maltesi,"  and  another  corps  of  Maltese  Pioneers.  These  troops 
performed  excellent  service  during  the  blockade,  and  contributed  materially 
towards  the  capitulation  of  General  Vaubois  and  his  5,000  French  troops. 

In  1801  a  detachment  of  three  hundred  of  the  Maltese  Light  Infantry 
volunteered  for  service  in  Elba,  and  formed  part  of  the  expedition  which 
dispossessed  the  French  of  that  island.  Two  ensigns  and  a  number  of  men 
were  wounded  during  the  operations. 

The  Maltese  Pioneers  also  joined  the  expedition  to  Egypt  under  Sir 
Ralph  Abercrombie,  and  were  present  at  the  battles  fought  during  March 

361 


CAPTAIN  ANTHONY  ARRIGO. 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 


and  April,  1801.  They  were  disbanded  in  December,  1801,  on  the  expiration 
of  their  engagement. 

On  the  termination  of  the  men's  service  in  1802,  the  Maltese  lyight 
Infantry  was  disbanded,  but  the  spirit  of  military  service,  a  spirit  inherited 
from  the  victors  of  the  Moslems  in  the  famous  sixteenth  century  siege, 

was  so  conspicuous  that 
two  other  battalions,  viz., 
the  Provincial  Battal- 
ions, were  soon  raised, 
most  of  the  officers  and 
men  of  the  former  corps 
re-enlisting.  In  1805 
the  new  regiment,  the 
Royal  Regiment  of  Malta, 
was  raised  for  general 
service  and  proceeded  to 
Sicily  in  1807;  and  in 
1808  the  regiment  took 
part  in  the  expedition 
to  Capri,  capturing  the 
town  of  Diamante  on 
their  way. 

In    1811     the    regi- 
ment returned  to   Malta, 

and  was  disbanded,  most  of  the  men  being  transferred  to  the  Provincials. 
These  consisted  of  Coast  Artillery  and  Infantry  Companies,  and  a  company 
of  Veterans  was  also  formed.  In  February,  1815,  these  corps  were 
incorporated  into  one  regiment,  the  Royal  Malta  Fencibles. 

In  1861  the  Royal  Malta  Fencible  Regiment  was  converted  into 
an  Artillery  Corps,  and  called  the  Royal  Malta  Fencible  Artillery,  the 
word  "  Fencible  "  being  eliminated  in  1889,  the  corps  becoming,  as  it  is 
now  known,  the  Royal  Malta  Artillery.  A  double  company,  under  the 
command  of  Major  A.  M.  Portelli,  took  part  in  the  Egyptian  campaign 

362 


CAPTAIN  COXTIXO  TEUMA  CASTE  LLETTI. 


MALTA    AND    EGYPT 

of  1882  ;  and  in  recognition  of  the  services  of  these  officers  and  men 
the  motto,  "  Egypt,  1882  "  was  authorised  to  be  borne  on  the  appoint- 
ments. One  company  served  in  Egypt  from  January,  1900,  till  March, 
1905,  when  it  returned  to  Malta,  on  account  of  the  reduction  of  the 
establishment  of  the  regiment. 

In  1895  Field-Marshal  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of  Cambridge  was 
made  Honorary  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  On  his  death  in  1904, 
his  late  Majesty  King  Edward  VII.  was  graciously  pleased  to 
succeed  him.  His  Majesty  King  George  V.  is  now  the  Honorary 
Colonel. 

f 

The  Royal  Malta  Regiment  of  Militia  was  raised  in  1889  on 
the  strong  recommendation  of  Field-Marshal  Sir  lyintorn  Simmons, 
then  Governor  of  the  island.  Though  essentially  a  military  force  as 
regards  discipline,  pay,  etc.,  the  principle  upon  which  the  drill  and 
training  is  carried  out  compares  more  with  that  of  the  Territorial  system 
in  England. 

In  1892  a  division  of  Militia  Submarine  Miners  was  raised,  now  the 
Malta  Militia  Royal  Engineers.  On  the  recommendation  of  His  Royal 
Highness  the  Duke  of  Cambridge,  a  second  battalion  of  the  Royal  Malta 
Regiment  of  Militia  was  raised  in  1897. 

The  date  MDCCC  is  borne  by  the  corps  as  descendants  of  the  Maltese 
Height  Infantry,  and  in  commemoration  of  the  services  of  the  Malta  Militia, 
the  first  militia  corps  under  the  Union  Jack,  during  the  siege  of  Valletta  from 
1798-1800. 

When  King  Edward  VII.  visited  Malta  in  1903,  his  Majesty  authorised 
the  alteration  of  the  title  to  the  King's  Own  Malta  Regiment  of  Militia, 
and  in  1907,  on  a  subsequent  visit,  his  late  Majesty  honoured  the  officers 
with  his  presence  at  luncheon. 

There  is  no  difficulty  in  keeping  up  the  full  strength  of  this  corps, 
which  forms  a  most  valuable  addition  to  the  colonial  forces  of  the 
Empire.  The  contingent  was  recognised  as  forming  one  of  the  smartest 
of  all  the  military  groups  taking  part  in  the  Coronation  ceremonies  and 
functions. 

363 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

E  GRECH  MIFSUD,  ESQ.,  C.M.G.,  LL.D.,  son  of  the  late  Gaetano 

Grech,  Esq.,  lyL.D.,  was  born  in  1848  and  educated  at  Malta  Uni- 
versity, of  which  he  holds  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  conferred  in  1871.  He  be- 
came a  member  of  the  Bar  in 
Malta  in  the  following  year, 
and  was  elected  Member  of  the 
Legislative  Council  and  Member 
of  the  Executive  Council  in 
1888.  He  was  some  time 
Member  of  the  Senate  of  the 
Malta  University,  and  has 
been  President  of  the  Maltese 
Chamber  of  Advocates  from 
1895  to  1902,  and  again  since 
1905. 

Dr.  Mifsud  takes  a  promi- 
nent part  in  the  politics  of  the 
island,  especially  in  the  great 
language  question,  advocating 
the  maintenance  of  the  Italian 

ORESTIi  GRECH  MIFSUD,  K.O.,   C.M.G.,  LL  D.  language    in   the    local    tribunals, 

and  he  was  instrumental  in  obtaining  for  the  island  the  Constitution 
of  1887.  He  has  refused  on  several  occasions  a  place  on  the  Judicial 
Bench  in  order  not  to  hamper  his  political  independence. 

In  recognition  of  his  eminent  services  to  the  community  he  was 
created  a  C.M.G.  in  1909,  and  was  one  of  the  distinguished  representatives 
of  this  Colony  at  the  Coronation  ceremonies. 


T    IEUTENANT-GENERAL    SIR   FRANCIS  REGINALD  WINGATE,  G.C.V.O., 

K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G.,  D.S.O.,  seventh  son  of  the  late  Andrew  Wingate,  Esq., 

of  Glasgow,   and  Bessie,    daughter    of    Richard   Turner,    Esq.,    of    Dublin, 

was  born  in  Broadfield,   Renfrewshire,  on  the    25th  June,    1861.     He  was 

364 


MALTA    AND    EGYPT 


educated  at  a  private  school  in  Jersey,  and  at  the  R.M.A.,  Woolwich, 
and  in  1880  was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Artillery.  He  then 
served  in  India  and  Aden,  joined  the  Egyptian  Army,  and  acted  as 
A.D.C.  and  Military  Secretary  to  General  Sir  Evelyn  Wood  during  the 
Nile  expedition,  and  in  the 
Bayuda  desert,  in  1884-85 .  He 
was  promoted  to  Captain  and 
to  Bt.-Majorin  1889.  He  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  Toski,  the 
action  of  Afafit,  and  the  re- 
capture of  Tokar  in  1891. 

In  1894  he  was  appointed 
Governor  of  the  Red  Sea 
littoral  and  O.C.  troops  at 
Suakin,  In  1895  he  was 
created  C.B.,  and  was  Direc- 
tor of  Military  Intelligence 
in  the  Dongola  campaign. 
His  subsequent  services  in 
the  Nile  expedition,  at  the 
battle  of  the  Atbara,  the 
battle  of  Khartoum  and  at 
Gedid  (where  he  was  in 
command  of  the  operations 
which  resulted  in  the  death 
of  the  Khalifa),  and  the 
expedition  to  Fashoda,  are 
well  known,  and  for  them  he  was  created  K.C.B.,  and  received  the  thanks 
of  both  Houses  of  Parliament.  He  has  been  Sirdar  of  the  Egyptian  Army 
and  Governor- General  of  the  Sudan  since  1909,  and  on  the  Royal  visit  to  the 
Sudan  on  the  lyth  January,  1912,  His  Majesty  the  King,  on  his  return 
journey  from  India,  was  graciously  pleased  to  add  the  G.C.V.O.  to  the  many 
other  orders  and  decorations  which  this  brilliant  soldier  already  holds. 


IJKUT  -GENERAL  SIR  F.  R.  WIXGATE. 


365 


LEADING    MEN    OF    THE    EMPIRE 

Sir  Reginald  Wingate  is  well-known  as  an  author,  and  his  works 
"Mahdism  and  the  Egyptian  Sudan,"  published  in  1889,  an(i  "Ten  Years' 
Captivity  in  the  Mahdi's  Camp,"  issued  in  1891,  created  world-wide 
interest.  In  1888  he  married  Catherine  L/eslie,  daughter  of  Captain  J.  S. 
Rundle,  R.N.,  and  has  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

He  has  a  residence  in  Scotland,  at  Knockenhair,  near  Dunbar,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Army  and  Navy  and  the  Beefsteak  Clubs. 


366 


SUPPLEMENT 


LITERARY    SOCIAL    AND    INDUSTRIAL 


LITERATURE     AND     ART 


MESSRS.    G.    P.    PUTNAM'S    SONS, 
PUBLISHERS. 


MRS.    FLORENCE    I,.    BARCLAY'S    NOVELS. 

THE  house  of  Putnam  was  founded  in  1841  by  George  Palmer  Putnam, 
and  is  both  a  British  and  American  firm,  publishing  works  by  authors 
of  both  branches  of  the  English-speaking  peoples.  The  founder 
was  born  in  Brunswick,  Maine,  in  1814,  and  the  family  came  originally  from 
Buckinghamshire.  His  father  was  a  lawyer, 
and  his  mother  kept  one  of  the  first  co- 
educational schools.  Among  her  pupils  was 
her  son,  George.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a  Boston  dealer  in 
carpets.  At  the  end  of  four  years  he  was 
applying  for  positions  as  a  "  boy  wanted," 
and  secured  a  post,  at  $25  a  year,  at  a 
small  book-shop  and  stationery  store.  Later 
he  became  clerk  and  messenger  to  Mr. 
Jonathan  Leavitt,  bookseller,  at  which  place 
also  was  employed  Daniel  Appleton,  the 
founder  of  another  famous  publishing  house. 
Putnam's  first  notable  work  was  the  com- 
pilation of  a  "  Chronology  :  An  Introduction  and  Index  to  Universal 
History,"  published  anonymously  by  his  employer.  He  was  at  work  on  it 
for  three  years,  completing  it  at  the  age  of  18.  For  a  time,  too,  he 
compiled  the  "  Booksellers'  Advertiser,"  now  known  as  the  "  Publishers' 

z  369 


GIvORCK   I'AI,MIvR   ITTXAM. 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN   THE    CORONATION   YEAR 

Weekly  "  (U.S.A.),  which  was  the  first  publication  of  its  kind.  In  1833 
Putnam  entered  the  firm  of  Wiley  &  Long,  which  in  1840  became 
Wiley  &  Putnam. 

In  those  days  the  first  ocean  steamers  had  crossed  the  Atlantic,  and 
upon  both  sides  books  were  "  pirated  "  (i.e.,  reprinted  without  payment  to 
the  author).  This  was  a  method  of  business  entirely  repugnant  to  Putnam, 
who,  although  without  any  legal  compulsion  to  pay,  never  published  a  book 
by  a  British  author  without  coming  to  an  arrangement  with  him.  This  pre- 
cedent of  scrupulous  honesty  not  only  continues,  but  has  done  more  than 
anything  else  towards  an  eventual  suppression  of  the  "  appropriation  "  in 
America  of  the  literary  work  of  English  writers.  In  1840  Mr.  Putnam 
made  his  first  journey  to  this  country,  and  saw  that  the  time  had  come  to 
unify  the  book  trade  of  the  two  countries.  In  1841  he  opened  at  Paternoster 
Row  the  first  Agency  for  the  sale  of  American  books  in  London,  and  for 
the  import  of  British  books  into  America.  That  year  also  saw  his  marriage 
to  Victorine  Haven,  upon  which  followed  a  recrossing  of  the  Atlantic; 
for  Mr.  Putnam  had  decided  to  live  in  London.  Happily,  the  young 
American  bride  became  popular,  and  around  them  gathered  quite  a 
notable  circle  of  friends.  Besides  publishing  enterprises  he  found  time 
to  write  a  book  on  "  American  Facts,"  which  aimed  at  revealing 
the  actual  America,  concerning  which,  to  this  day,  British  public  opinion 
retains  a  few  illusions.  Indeed,  all  through  his  life  Mr.  Putnam  strove 
to  break  down  the  barriers,  literary  and  otherwise,  that,  so  strangely, 
have  survived. 

The  Putnams  published  the  collected  works  of  Washington  Irving,  whom 
Mr.  Putnam  had  come  to  know  in  London.  Owing  to  piracy  in  London,  and 
lack  of  interest  in  America,  this  veteran  of  American  letters  found  his  works 
stranded,  and  Putnam,  believing  them  to  be  classics,  made  him  an  offer 
for  a  new  edition  in  fifteen  volumes.  To  this  day  Messrs.  Putnam  have 
a  steady  sale  of  these  books,  so  generously  acquired,  and  when,  owing 
to  the  national  crisis  of  1857,  the  firm  was  unable  to  collect  its  debts 
and  was  obliged  to  assign  its  properties  to  meet  its  own  payments, 
Washington  Irving  himself  bought  the  plates  of  his  own  works,  saying 

370 


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that  as  long  as  a  Putnam  was  in  business  no  other  imprint  should  appear 
upon  his  books.  Mr.  Lowell  Mason,  a  publishing  friend,  not  only  stepped 
into  the  breach,  but  made  arrangements  by  which  Mr.  Putnam  could 
resume  business. 

The  present  Head  of  the  firm,  Mr.  George  Haven  Putnam,  took  charge 
of  the  business  side  of  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  as  the  new  firm  was  subsequently 
called.     The  founder  looked  after  the  literary   and  manufacturing  depart- 
ments.    Gradually  there   arose  the   important   firm   that   we  know  to-day. 
But  all  was  not  plain-sailing,  though  the  war  was  over  ;     and  a  generation 
of  enterprise  and  initiative  went  to  building  up  the  great  British-American 
firm.       In  this  work  George  Haven  Putnam 
took  his  share,  and  continues  to  direct  opera- 
tions upon  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.     He  has 
watched  and   developed,    among  many  other 
works,    the  famous    "  Heroes  of  the  Nations 
Series,"   which  consists    of  monographs  upon 
the  noble  and  great  figures  of  history. 

Seven  important  books  have  come  from 
Mr.  Putnam's  pen.  Chief  among  them  are 
"Lincoln";  "George  Palmer  Putnam:  A 
Memoir "  ;  "  Books  and  Their  Makers  dur- 
ing the  Middle  Ages";  "The  Censorship 
of  the  Church  of  Rome";  "A  Prisoner 
of  War  in  Virginia,"  and  "  Memories  of 
My  Youth."  He  has  written  a  valuable 
manual  of  suggestions  for  literary  beginners 
entitled  "Authors  and  Publishers,"  and  a  vital  treatise  on  "  The  Question 
of  Copyright."  He  is  a  Litt.D.,  as  well  as  Late  Adjutant  and  Brevet- 
Major  of  N.Y.S.  Volunteers.  This  was  the  rank  he  held  at  the  termination 
of  the  Civil  War,  in  which  he  had  fought.  Dr.  Putnam  is  also  Secretary 
of  the  American  Copyright  League. 

In  the  London  office  of  the  Putnams'  hangs  the  following  interesting 
document  : — 


MAJOR   GEORGE    HAVEN 
PUTNAM,   LITT.D. 


371 


GREAT   BRITAIN   IN   THE   CORONATION    YEAR 

"THE     UNDERSIGNED      AUTHORS     AND     OTHERS 
taking     advantage     of     the     presence    in    England    of 

GEORGE  HAVEN  PUTNAM, 

desire  to  put  on  record  their  sense  of  his  long  and  disinterested 
efforts,  and  those  of  his  father,  the  late  G.  P.  Putnam,  to  secure  an 
International  Copyright  Act  in  the  United  States.  The  connection 
of  Mr.  Putnam  and  his  father  with  the  American  movement  in 
recognition  of  International  literary  rights  extended  over  the  whole 
fifty -three  years  between  the  historical  Report  of  Henry  Clay  and 
the  passing  of  the  Act  in  1891. 

"Whilst  the  Undersigned  express  no  opinion  as  to  particular 
clauses  of  this  Act,  they  are  all  convinced  that  it  has  removed  a 
great  injustice,  promoted  the  interests  of  literature  both  in  England 
and  in  America,  and  tended  to  increase  the  mutual  esteem  and  good 
feeling  of  Englishmen  and  Americans. 

"They  wish,  therefore,  to  convey  to  George  Haven  Putnam 
their  warm  appreciation  of  the  active  part  which,  with  the  most 
honourable  motives,  he  has  persistently  taken  in  this  successful 
movement." 

Among  the  signatures  are  to  be  found  the  following  :— 
DR.  EVELYN  ABBOTT,   PROF.   STANLEY  L,ANE-POOLE,   W. 
CLARK  RUSSELL,  DR.  STRACHAN-DAVIDSON,  ANDREW  LANG,  SIR 
ARTHUR  CONAN  DOYLE,  DR.  RICHARD  GARNETT,  THOMAS  HARDY, 
O.M.,  SlR  LAURENCE  GOMME,  VlSCOUNT  BRYCE,  ANTHONY  HOPE 
HAWKINS,   DR.  THOMAS  HODGKIN,   SIR  EDWIN  ARNOLD,   HALL 
CAINE,  EDMUND  GOSSE,  JUDGE  O'CONNOR  MORRIS,  PROF.  T.  W. 
RHYS-DAVIDS,  MRS.  HUMPHREY  WARD,  GEORGE  MEREDITH. 
On  the  application  of  the  Societe  des  Gens  de  Lettrcs  the  Cross  of  the 

Legion  of  Honour  was  given  to  Dr.  Putnam  in  1891   for  services  rendered 

(as  stated  in  the  diploma)  to  France  and  to  Literature. 

In  addition  to  the  present  head  of  the  firm,  Messrs.  J.  B.  &  Irving 

Putnam,  his  brothers,  are  partners  ;    while  their  sons,   Robert  and  Sidney 

Putnam,  respectively,  are  associated  with  the  firm. 

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SUPPLEMENT 


The  most  remarkable  "find"  of  recent  years  was  "  The  Rosary,"  by  Mrs. 
Florence  L-  Barclay,  and  it  is  not  inappropriate  that  there  should  be  included 
in  the  present  volume  a  note  about  the  phenomenal  success  which  has  come 
to  the  romances  by  this  author.  In  about  three  years,  this  widely-known 
novelist  has  secured  the  plaudits  of  several  millions  of  readers,  and  her 
popularity  shows  no  sign  of  diminishing.  Practically,  Mrs.  Barclay  was  an 
unknown  writer  at  the  time  of  the  appearance  of  "  The  Rosary  "  in  England 
and  America  in  November,  1909.  Her  first  literary  output  was  a  dramatic  little 
story  entitled  "  The  Wheels  of  Time," 
which  has  since  secured  the  second 
position  among  Mrs.  Barclay's  novels  in 
popularity,  "  The  Rosary"  being  easily 
the  first.  Mrs.  Barclay's  star  rose  with 
increasing  brilliance.  Usually,  meteoric 
popularity  does  not  last,  but  Mrs. 
Barclay's  popularity  has  not  only  risen 
to  enormous  heights,  but  it  has  been 
maintained,  and  even  increased,  by 
the  publication  of  each  new  story. 
It  is  of  peculiar  interest  to  note  that 
"The  Rosary"  commenced  its  wonder- 
ful career  in  the  year  of  the  Coronation 
of  King  George  V.  It  is  now  a  world- 
wide known  story,  equal  to,  if  not 
surpassing  in  popularity,  such  noted  works  as  "  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,"  "  I,orna 
Doone,"  and  "  Mrs.  Wiggs  of  the  Cabbage  Patch."  Although  "  The  Rosary  " 
was  published  in  1909,  it  did  not  come  into  much  prominence  until  the  season 
of  1910  ;  then  it  reached  its  great  popularity  with  leaps  and  bounds.  Beyond 
the  usual  business  attention,  no  "  booming  "  was  devoted  to  it.  It  may  be 
said,  therefore,  that  "  The  Rosary  "  won  its  own  spurs.  Naturally,  after 
so  great  a  success,  Mrs.  Barclay  had  a  great  reputation  to  which  she  had 
to  live  up,  and  it  was  not  astonishing  that  a  good  many  careful  critics 
doubted  whether  she  would  reach  the  high  standard  of  "The  Rosary"  in  her 


MRS.    FLORENCE    L.    BARCLAY. 


373 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

subsequent  work.  How  definitely  Mrs.  Barclay  has  continued  to  hold  her 
public,  is  strikingly  proved  in  the  success  which  has  been  conspicuous  in  such 
later  works  as  "  The  Mistress  of  Shenstone,"  "  The  Following  of  the  Star," 
"  Through  the  Postern  Gate,"  "  The  Upas  Tree,"  and  most  recently  of  all 
"  The  Broken  Halo."  Inasmuch  as  Mrs.  Barclay's  books  are  read  with  such 
enjoyment  and  enthusiasm  in  all  parts  of  the  Empire,  one  might  justifiably 
describe  her  as  the  Imperial  Novelist  of  the  Twentieth  Century.  It  may 
also  be  added  that  Mrs.  Barclay's  books  are  read  by  Kings  and  Queens,  and 
have  been  translated  into  many  foreign  tongues,  while  such  countries  as 
Holland  and  Belgium  buy  large  quantities  of  her  several  books  in  the 
English  language.  It  is  no  unique  experience  for  her  publishers  to  receive 
single  orders  of  500,  and  even  1000  copies  of  any  one  of  her  titles,  from 
Australia,  Canada,  India,  and  South  Africa. 

Mrs.  Barclay  has  a  striking  personality,  which  is  emphasized  in  her 
beautiful  and  glowing  fiction  ;  in  fact,  the  writer  of  this  note  holds  the  opinion 
that  it  is  the  somewhat  psychic  personality  in  her  stories  which  has  held, 
almost  spellbound,  the  novel-reader  of  to-day.  In  other  words,  she  exudes, 
not  only  in  her  life,  but  also  in  her  writings,  an  extraordinary  sympathy 
which  is  irresistible.  Added  to  all  this  is  a  perfectly  pure  style,  which  makes 
the  combination  complete. 

Mrs.  Barclay  is  the  wife  of  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England,  who 
is  Vicar  of  Hertford  Heath,  in  Hertfordshire.  She  has,  also,  a  charming 
residence  in  East  Anglia,  at  Overstrand,  near  Cromer,  a  place  of  literary 
distinction.  She  is  the  mother  of  a  large  family,  and  has  a  son  in  the  Ministry, 
and  another  in  the  Navy,  and  she  is  connected  with  the  Civil  Service  through 
her  daughter,  who  married  an  Indian  Civil  Servant.  Mrs.  Barclay  is  a  great 
traveller. 

Her  public  work  demands  a  large  amount  of  time,  which  can  be  ill  spared 
from  her  creative  literary  work,  but  she  does  manage,  in  a  very  remarkable 
manner,  to  deliver  some  excellent  speeches  in  various  parts  of  Great  Britain. 

It  is  worth  while  observing  that  Mrs.  Barclay  derives  her  literary 
talent  from  the  Charlesworths,  inasmuch  as  she  is  the  niece  of  Miss 
Charlesworth,  the  author  of  "  Ministering  Children,"  a  book  which  was  largely 

374 


SUPPLEMENT 

read  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Probably  there  has  come 
to  Mrs.  Barclay  some  of  the  literary  atmosphere  which  surrounded  the  life 
of  Professor  Cowell,  the  learned  Arabic  scholar,  to  whose  persuasion  it  was 
due  that  Edward  Fitzgerald  took  up  the  study  of  Arabic,  and,  therefore, 
indirectly,  caused  to  come  to  us,  in  the  English  language,  "Omar  Khayyam"  ; 
in  fact,  Professor  Cowell  rendered  Fitzgerald  valuable  assistance  in  the 
translation  of  the  great  Persian  epic.  Professor  Cowell  was  Mrs.  Barclay's 
uncle  by  marriage ;  he  married  her  aunt,  Elizabeth  Charlesworth,  and  elder 
sister  of  the  author  of  "  Ministering  Children." 

The  great  charm  of  Mrs.  Barclay's  fiction  is  the  wholesome  religious 
tone  which  permeates  her  several  stories.  The  high  ideals  of  happy  family 
life,  which  Mrs.  Barclay  sets  up,  remind  us  of  King  George's  famous  message, 
that  the  foundation  of  National  Greatness  is  set  in  the  homes  of  the  people. 


"THE    SPHERE'     AND    "THE    TATLER." 

BY  CLEMENT  K.  SHORTER,  EDITOR  OF  "THE  SPHERE." 

TlylyUSTRATED  journalism  in  England  has  had  a  very  long  and  interesting 
history.  It  commenced  with  the  old  broadsheets  that  were  issued  in 
the  seventeenth  century  and  the  eighteenth  in  large  numbers,  generally 
with  a  single  picture — now  it  would  be  of  some  event  in  the  Civil 
Wars — now  of  a  notorious  murder — now  concerning  the  death  of  some 
distinguished  man.  Then  there  came  along  newspapers  which  occasionally 
gave  an  illustration.  But  there  was  no  actual,  systematic  illustra- 
tion of  events  in  one  journal  until  in  1842  Mr.  Herbert  Ingram, 
who  afterwards  became  M.P.  for  Boston,  started  The  Illustrated  London 
News.  Mr.  Herbert  Ingram  was  bora  in  Boston,  Lincolnshire,  a  beautiful 
town  that  he  was  afterwards  to  represent  in  Parliament.  His  early 
circumstances  were  very  poor.  Among  other  things  he  had  been  a  news- 
agent's boy  running  round  with  papers,  a  far  cry  from  the  great  position 

375 


GREAT   BRITAIN   IN    THE   CORONATION   YEAR 


of  newspaper  owner  that  he  was  ultimately  to  achieve.  Later  he  removed  to 
Nottingham,  and  it  is  said  that  the  great  excitement  over  the  Greenacre 
murder  in  the  thirties  of  last  century,  and  the  including  in  a  Nottingham 
paper  of  a  block  purporting  to  be  a  portrait  of  this  once  famous  murderer, 
inspired  him  with  the  idea  that  pictures  were  an  additional  attraction  to  any 

journal  and  calculated  greatly 
to  increase  its  sales.  It  was  in 
the  town  of  Nottingham,  then, 
that  the  first  idea  of  systematic 
illustrated  journalism  had  its 
birth.  Herbert  Ingram  came  to 
London.  He  went  into  partner- 
ship with  his  brother-in-law.  He 
made  a  considerable  amount  of 
money  out  of  a  pill — Parr's — in 
honour  of  Old  Parr,  who  is 
reported  to  have  lived  for  a 
fabulous  number  of  years.  He 
got  John  Gilbert  to  make  a 
drawing  of  an  imaginary  Old 
Parr  taking  one  of  these  pills, 
and  that  drawing  was  a  great 
success  and  gave  him  another 
demonstration  of  the  public  love 
of  pictures.  It  was  with  money  made  out  of  pills  that  at  last  in  1842 
he  floated  The  Illustrated  London  News,  and  issued  it  first  of  all 
from  his  pill  warehouse  in  Crane  Court,  Fleet  Street,  London.  The 
Illustrated  London  News  was  a  tremendous  success,  although  in  its 
first  number  there  was  not  a  single  drawing  taken  from  the  artist's 
actual  view  of  an  incident.  There  was,  for  example,  a  picture  of  the 
great  fire  at  Hamburg  in  1841.  A  book  block  from  some  other  fire  was  used, 
although  the  event  was  six  months  old.  There  were  pictures  of  a  State  Ball 
at  Buckingham  Palace  in  which  Queen  Victoria  and  her  husband,  Prince  Albert, 

376 


CLE.MENT    K.   SHORTER,  ESQ. 


SUPPLEMENT 


took  part.     John  Gilbert,  or  Sir  John  Gilbert  as  he  was  when  I  knew  him,  told 

me  that  he  had  not  seen  this  ball,  but  drew  entirely  from  his  imagination. 

The   earlier   numbers    of   the   paper   enjoyed  a  great   prosperity,   and    The 

Illustrated  London   News   grew   more  and  more   successful  with  the  years. 

On   a   visit  to   America  Mr.    Herbert    Ingram    and    his    eldest    son    were 

drowned  near  Chicago.      His  widow,  who  afterwards  became  Lady  Watkin, 

carried   on  the   paper  until   her 

son,    William    Ingram,    was    of 

age.     Mr.  William  Ingram,  who 

afterwards    became    Sir  William 

Ingram,    Bart.,  showed  a  genius 

certainly  not  less  than  that  of 

his     father     in    continuing    the 

great  work,  and  he  continued  it 

under  difficulties,  for   before    he 

came    to     the    throne    a     rival 

journal     had     started     in     this 

country.       That     rival    journal 

was    The    Graphic,    founded    by 

Mr.     William     Thomas.      There 

had   been   many   rivals   to    The 

Illustrated  London  News  in   the 

meantime  in  other   parts  of  the 

world.      L Illustration    appeared 

in   Paris,    The  Illustrirte  Zeitung 

in  Germany,  Leslie's  Weekly  in  New  York,  and  so  on,  but  The  Graphic  under 

Mr.  Thomas  was  a  remarkable  rival  to  The  Illustrated  London  News,  for  this 

gentleman  had  a  large  circle  of  artist  friends  whose  work  upon  the  paper  gave 

it  great  distinction.    For  many  years  The  Graphic  nourished  by  the  side  of  The 

Illustrated.     There  was  room  for  both.     In  1890  Sir  William  Ingram  invited 

the  present  writer  to  edit  The  Illustrated  London  News,  a  position  he  occupied 

for  ten  years.     In  the  third  year  of  his  editorship  he  persuaded  Sir  William  to 

found  a  second  newspaper  at  sixpence — The  Sketch — to  be  devoted  to  photo- 


\V.    I-irOH   SPOTTISWOODE,   USQ. 


377 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

graphs  and  humorous  drawings,  and  this  marked  a  great  cleavage  between 
the  old  journalism  and  the  new,  for  The  Illustrated  London  News  and  The 
Graphic  had  consisted  almost  entirely  of  drawings  by  artists  whose  work 
was  reproduced  by  wood  engravers.  Meantime,  about  1890,  the 
photograph  obtruded  itself  into  the  world  of  illustrated  newspapers, 
and  what  is  called  the  half-tone  block.  The  Sketch  was  the  first 
newspaper  that  consisted  entirely  of  photographs  and  half-tone  blocks, 
the  first  journal  that  absolutely  dispensed  with  the  wood  engraver.  In 
1900  the  present  writer  went  to  Mr.  Hugh  Spottiswoode,  of  the  great 
printing  firm  of  Eyre  &  Spottiswoode,  and  proposed  a  third  illustrated 
journal  which  was  to  be  considerably  differentiated  from  The  Illustrated 
London  News  and  The  Graphic.  The  proposal  was  cordially  received 
by  Mr.  Spottiswoode,  a  partner  in  Messrs.  Eyre  &  Spottiswoode,  the 
King's  Printers,  and  The  Sphere  came  into  existence,  followed  a 
year  or  two  later  by  The  Tatter,  this  latter  journal  having  somewhat  similar 
aims  to  The  Sketch,  but  being  rather  more  on  Society  lines.  Mr.  George  King 
became  Business  Manager,  and  both  he  and  Mr.  Hugh  Spottiswoode  have 
contributed  largely  to  the  present  brilliant  success  of  the  venture.  Experience 
has  proved  that  there  was  abundant  room  for  both  The  Sphere  and  The  Taller 
in  English  journalism.  Both  are  now  exceedingly  successful  newspapers 
with  large  circulations,  and  The  Sphere  in  particular  has  a  place  of  its  own 
very  definitely  marked  out  from  any  contemporary  rival.  C.  K.  S. 


MESSRS.    EYRE   &    SPOTTISWOODE. 

A  FEW  NOTES  ON  THE  KING'S  PRINTING  OFFICE,  WHERE  "THE  SPHERE" 
AND  "TnE  TATTER"  ARE  PRINTED. 

BY  W.  HUGH  SPOTTISWOODE. 

CINCE  Caxton  set  up  his  press  at  Westminster  in  or  before  the  year  1477,  there 
have  been  thirty-four  "  Printers  to  the  King's  (or  Queen's)  Most  Excel- 
lent Majesty."  Wynken  de  Worde  and  Pynson,  Caxton' s  apprentices  or  assist- 
ants, were  both  King's  Printers.     Robert  Barker  was  printer  to  Elizabeth  and 


SUPPLEMENT 


James  I.,  while  John  Hill  held  a  patent  from  the  last-named  Monarch,  as  well 

as  from  his  unfortunate  son  Charles.     But  it  would  be  wearisome  to  catalogue 

the  names  of  the  whole  thirty-four,  and  few  readers  will  complain  if  I  trace 

the  title  of  the  present  holders  of  the  office  no  further  back  than  the  Reign  of 

Queen  Anne.     That  sovereign,  in  1713,  granted  a  patent  for  the  printing 

and  publishing  of  Bibles  and  Prayer  Books  and  Acts  of  Parliament  to  B.  Tooke 

and  John  Barker.      Soon   after 

it    was    granted    John    Baskett 

acquired   it   by    purchase,    and 

in  1715  procured  a  new  patent 

to    himself     for     thirty     years. 

This  was  renewed  from  time  to 

time.       Robert     Baskett,    in 

1737,     assigned     his    rights    to 

Mr.   John  Eyre,   then  of  L,and- 

ford    House,    Wilts,    at    whose 

death,    Charles    Eyre,     his 

younger  son,   went  up  to  L/on- 

don,    settled   at   Clapham,     and 

arranged  with  a  Scotch  printer 

in  lyondon,   named  Strahan,   to 

help   him  to  work  the   patent. 

The  renewal  of  the  patent  was 

obtained  from  time  to  time  by 

the    influence    of     the     Eyre 

family,     but     at     one    renewal 

Mr.    Pitt  inserted  the   name    of    a   Mr.    Reeves;      and    a    new   patent   for 

thirty  years    was   granted   by   George   III.   in   1798   to   George   Eyre   (son 

of    Charles),    John    Reeves,    and    Andre    Strahan.      Mr.     Reeves'    interest 

was  purchased  by  Mr.   Strahan,    and    when   the  patent    was   renewed    by 

George  IV.  in  1829  it  was  granted  to  George  Eyre  (son  of  Charles  and  Andrew 

Strahan  (son   of  William),  whose  family  had  for  years  been  printers  to  the 

House  of  Lords.     Mr.  Strahan  is  said  to  have  reached  lyondon  in  his  youth 


A    CORNER    OP   "THE    SPHERE  "    AND 

"THE   TATLER"  PRINTING    ROOM. 

How  the  large  sheets  are  folded. 


379 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


with  the  traditional  half-crown  in  his  pocket,  yet  he  afterwards  became  rich 
and  Member  for  Malmesbury.  He  used  to  live  in  Printer's  Street,  between 
Fleet  Street  and  Holborn,  and  so  different  was  the  locality  then  from  what  it 
is  now,  that  this  house,  which  is  still  extant,  and  the  property  of  the  firm,  had 
a  pretty  garden  attached  to  it.  Hither  often  came,  from  his  neighbouring 
quarters  in  Bolt  Court,  the  famous  Dr.  Johnson,  with  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds, 

Oliver  Goldsmith,  and  others  of 
his  friends.  When  Mr.  Strahan 
died,  Mr.  Andrew  Spottiswoode, 
his  nephew,  succeeded  him.  He, 
too,  was  a  man  of  importance, 
having  been  Sheriff  of  London 
and  Member  of  Parliament. 

In  about  the  year  1847, 
Mr.  Andrew  Spottiswoode  retired 
from  business,  and  his  son, 
William,  became  Queen's  Printer 
in  partnership  with  Mr.  G.  E. 
Eyre — the  private  business  (i.e., 
the  book  and  job  departments) 
being  entrusted  to  Mr.  George 
Andrew  Spottiswoode,  the  second 
son.  From  that  date  onward 
the  two  firms  have  remained 
quite  distinct  as  regards  their 
personnel,  but  are  working  together  as  regards  their  business  policy. 
Besides  their  chief  printing  office  in  East  Harding  Street,  where  all 
their  newspapers  and  Government  work  are  printed,  Messrs.  Eyre 
&  Spottiswoode  have  a  large  Bible  and  magazine  and  book  printing 
establishment  at  Hackney,  where  also  colour  posters  and  catalogues 
are  printed  for  big  corporations  such  as  The  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way and  the  leading  firms  of  British  traders  who  have  so  largely  augmented 
their  business  by  the  judicious  distribution  of  artistic  catalogues.  The  firm 

380 


ANOTHER   VIEW    OF    THE   PRINTING   WORKS. 
Feeding  the  Sheets  into  the  Machine. 


SUPPLEMENT 

has  also  other  branches  for  Government  work  at  the  India  Office  and  the 
British  Museum,  and  they  have  held  Government  contracts  since  1851,  and  the 
number  of  hands  they  employ  runs  into  several  thousands.  The  quantity  of 
standing  matter  in  Government  work  only  on  the  premises  is  enormous, 
representing  about  1,800  tons  of  type. 

During  the  period  of  preparation  for  the  production  of  The 
Sphere,  it  was  necessary  to  re-organise  the  King's  Printers'  Office  to 
bring  it  up  to  the  requirements  of  the  highest  quality  of  half-tone 
block  printing.  At  that  time  the  United  States  were  undoubtedly 
ahead  of  Great  Britain  in  this  particular  branch  of  the  art  of  printing, 
and  it  therefore  devolved  upon  the  members  of  the  firm,  who  were  the 
largest  shareholders,  and  who  still  have  practical  control  of  the  papers, 
to  search  America  for  the  latest  "  up-to-date"  machinery. 

The  policy  of  the  King's  Printers  has  been  from  that  time  onwards  to 
keep  their  complete  outfit  entirely  modern,  and  directly  any  machine  or  process 
gets  out  of  date  they  have  been  able  to  substitute  the  latest  inventions,  which 
keep  The  Sphere  and  The  Tatter  in  the  forefront  of  modern  journalism. 


RAPHAEL     TUCK    &    SONS,    LD. 

THREE  centuries  ago  there  stood  in  Moorfields,  hard  by  the  Old  Moor 
Gate  of  the  City  of  lyondon,  an  inn  of  the  type  which  figures  in 
Chaucer's  verse  as  the  starting-point  of  his  "  Canterbury  Pilgrims."  Its 
sign  was  that  of  a  White  Swan,  and  in  the  rear  of  the  building  there 
was  a  spacious  garden,  rich  with  the  flowers  and  fruits  of  Old  England. 
Many  a  weary  traveller,  bent  on  business  in  the  City  near  by,  took  his 
ease  in  this  ancient  hostelry,  refreshing  his  body  with  the  wholesome  fare 
of  the  olden  time,  and  having  his  eyes  gladdened  with  the  beauty  of 
verdure  and  blossom  in  the  garden  close  by.  Time  has  laid  its 
transforming  hand  upon  Moorfields,  as  well  as  upon  many  another  district 
in  the  Metropolis,  and  to-day  where,  three  hundred  years  ago,  there  were 

381 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


meadows  and  gardens  and  hostelries,  huge  warehouses,  the  hives  of 
busy  workers  from  early  morn  to  late  evening,  are  clustered  together. 
Most  conspicuous  among  these  is  Raphael  House,  the  foundation-stone 
of  which  was  laid  by  Mr.  Raphael  Tuck  on  the  4th  April,  1898. 

Thirty-three  years  previous  to  that  date  the  original  foundation-stone 
of  the  firm  was  laid  by  him,  in  Union  Street  (now  Brushfield  Street),  Bishops- 
gate,  and  in  three  years  the 
development  of  the  business 
was  such  as  to  necessitate 
removal  to  larger  premises 
in  the  City  Road.  Here,  with 
ever-increasing  difficulty  in 
the  matter  of  accommoda- 
tion, the  business  was  carried 
on  until  1881,  in  which  year 
another  removal — this  time 
to  Coleman  Street — became 
necessary.  From  that  time 
onwards,  different  premises 
were  acquired  in  the  same 
neighbourhood  to  house 
various  branches  of  the  busi- 
ness, until  the  principals 
of  the  firm,  hampered  by 
the  laborious  work  of  carry- 
ing on  a  great  industry  with  its  various  departments  scattered  in 
different  buildings,  awoke  to  the  necessity  of  erecting  a  structure  such 
as  would  bring  all  those  departments  under  one  roof,  and,  in  1897, 
after  nearly  five  years  spent  in  a  fruitless  search  for  a  suitable  site,  it 
was  possible  to  take  a  decided  step  forward  in  the  erecting  of  Raphael 
House,  and  building  operations  were  begun  in  September  on  the 
site  of  the  old  city  premises  of  Messrs.  Smee  &  Cobay,  the  respected 
Quaker  firm  in  Moorfields,  which  had  been  occupied  by  them  for  over 

382 


RAPHAEL  TUCK, 
]•' minder  of  the  Firm. 


SUPPLEMENT 


three  quarters  of  a  century.  This  imposing  edifice  has  been  fitted 
with  every  up-to-date  luxury  and  convenience,  regardless  of  cost,  both  for 
the  comfort  of  the  employes  and  the  easy  facilities  afforded  in  every  direction 
for  the  carrying  on  such  a  huge  concern. 

The  Christmas  Card  department  has  for  many  years  bulked  largely 
in  the  business  of  the  firm,  and  it  is  well  known  that  that  department  by  no 
means  exhausts  its  activities. 
Indeed,  the  Card  Department 
alone  is  one  of  many  ramifica- 
tions, including  Birthday  Cards, 
Easter  Cards,  Wedding  Cards, 
Menus,  Religious  Motto  Cards, 
etc.,  these  subdivided  in  their 
turn  into  three  distinct  depart- 
ments, namely,  Coloured  Cards, 
Black  and  White  Cards,  and 
Boxed  and  Packeted  Cards, 
each  provided  with  a  separate 
staff  and  presided  over  by 
different  Managers.  Then  there 
is  a  Private  Greeting-Card 
Department .  The  Calendar 
Department,  with  its  infinitely 
varied  and  beautiful  publica- 
tions, from  the  simple  tear-off 
Calendar  to  the  dainty  gems  for  a  duchess's  boudoir,  bulks  very  largely 
in  the  business  of  the  firm.  Again,  one  of  the  most  important  depart- 
ments comprises  Toy-Books,  Gift-Books,  Booklets,  Birthday  Books,  etc. 
This  branch  of  the  business  is  ever  increasing  in  magnitude.  Indeed, 
"  Father  Tuck's "  name  is  as  well  known  in  the  nursery  as  that 
of  Father  Christmas.  While  these  books  have  lavished  upon  them 
the  perfection  of  printing  and  the  greatest  skill  in  design,  care  is  also 
taken  that  their  contents  shall  partake  of  an  educational  character, 

383 


SIR  ADOIJ'H  TUCK, 
Managing  Director. 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN   THE   CORONATION   YEAR 


and  there  will  be  many  millions  of  the  coming  generation  who  will  be  able 
to  trace  their  early  knowledge  of  the  masterpieces  of  literature,  and  of 
many  branches  of  information,  to  their  childish  persual  of  "Father  Tuck's" 
gift-books  and  toy -books.  It  is  pleasing  to  find  that  the  Educational  Depart- 
ment is  made  a  special  feature  of,  introduced  as  it  is  in  an  attractive  and 
interesting  manner  in  many  of  these  high-class  publications.  For  example, 
an  important  series  of  object-lesson  charts  has  been  added  to  the  publications 
of  the  firm,  and  the  value  of  these  is  sufficiently  demonstrated  by  the  fact 

that  they  have  been  adopted 
by  the  London  School  Board. 
And  here  mention  may  be 
made  of  the  Wall  Text  and 
Scripture  Motto  Department, 
which  ranges  over  quite  an 
important  field  in  the  matter 
of  style,  design  and  price,  the 
Reward  Text  Series  in  par- 
ticular being  largely  drawn 
upon  by  teachers  of  all  de- 
nominations throughout  the 
country.  Special  mention 
should  be  made  of  the 
Engraving  Department,  with 
its  exquisite  reproductions  in 
photogravure,  photochrome, 
etching,  etc.,  of  the  works  of 
the  leading  artists  of  the  past 
and  present.  Of  equal  magnitude  is  the  Chromo,  Oleograph,  and  Art  Study 
Department,  embracing  as  it  does  the  largest  collection  of  art  studies  in  the 
world.  These  number  upwards  of  3,000  pictures,  and  they  have  for  long  been 
immensely  popular  with  all  classes  of  amateur  and  professional  artists. 
Then,  again,  the  advertising  world  has  not  been  forgotten  ;  indeed,  the  Show- 
Card  Department  makes  a  very  fine  display,  and  it  is  not  surprising  how  this 

384 


GUSTAVE    TUCK,    ESQ., 
Director. 


SUPPLEMENT 


comparatively  new  branch  of  the  business  is  increasing  by  leaps  and 
bounds  when  the  designs  already  made  for  some  of  the  leading 
advertisers  in  the  kingdom  have  been  seen.  Pictorial  Post-Cards, 
daintily  printed  in  colours,  have  been  added  to  the  publications 
of  the  firm,  and  as  these  pleasant  souvenirs  of  travel  have  already 
taken  a  firm  hold  upon  the  public,  this  branch  of  the  business  must 
necessarily  develop  into  a  very  important  section. 

Until    1881    Mr.    Raphael  

Tuck,  the  revered  founder  of 
the  firm,  remained  in  active 
touch  with  all  its  activities, 
although  Mr.  Adolph  Tuck 
joined  his  father  in  1870,  and 
was  followed  by  his  brothers, 
Mr.  Gustave  Tuck  and  Mr. 
Herman  Tuck,  in  1871.  In 
1881,  Mr.  Raphael  Tuck  de- 
cided to  retire  from  the 
business  to  a  well-earned  rest, 
and  while  he  did  so,  to  the 
regret  of  all  with  whom  he 
had  been  associated,  he  carried 
with  him  a  priceless  heritage 
of  hearty  esteem  and  cordial 
wishes  for  his  happiness  in 
private  life.  Whether  under 
the  control  of  Mr.  Raphael  Tuck  or  that  of  his  sons,  the  business  of  the 
firm  ever  maintained  its  increase,  and  continues  to  move  forward  on  the  road 
of  success.  A  few  years  ago  the  firm  was  turned,  for  family  reasons,  into 
a  limited  company  ;  but  the  shares  were  not  offered  for  public  subscription, 
but  taken  up  by  the  Directors,  some  of  the  older  employes  being  permitted 
to  take  a  proportion.  Mr.  Adolph  Tuck,  upon  whom  His  Majesty  conferred 
a  Baronetcy  in  1910,  became  Managing  Director,  retaining  his  control  as 

385 


SIR    ARTHUR    COXAX    DOYI.n, 
Director. 


AA 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


Principal  of  the  Card  and  the  various  Art  Departments,  and  Mr.  Gustave 
Tuck,  Director,  and  Manager  of  the  Book  and  Calendar  Departments,  while 
the  third  Director,  Mr.  Herman  Tuck,  undertook  the  financial  part  of 
the  business. 

This  brief  record  of  the  firm  would  be  incomplete  without  reference  to 

the  fact  that  Messrs.  Tuck 
have  been  closely  connected 
with  Royalty  for  a  long  suc- 
cession of  years,  during  the 
reigns  of  Queen  Victoria,  the 
late  King  Edward,  and  the 
present  King,  holding  Warrants 
of  appointment  from  all  three 
Sovereigns.  In  1892  they 
were  specially  commanded  to 
reproduce  for  the  nation  the 
pathetic  letter  which  Her 
Majesty  addressed  to  her  loyal 
subjects  expressing  her 
acknowledgment  of  the  deep 
sympathy  which  was  called 
forth  by  the  lamented  death 
of  the  Duke  of  Clarence. 
On  the  demise  of  King 
Edward  VII.,  Messrs.  Tuck  published  by  command  Queen  Alexandra's 
letter  to  the  nation,  and  also  that  of  King  George.  A  further  recognition 
of  the  achievements  of  the  firm  is  furnished  by  the  large  series  of  gold 
medals  which  have  been  awarded  to  its  publications  at  every  exhibition 
in  which  they  have  been  shown,  notably  at  the  memorable  exhibitions 
held  at  Chicago  and  at  Paris. 

Raphael  House  is  a  worthy  home  of  its  enterprising  proprietors.  With 
extended  frontage  on  three  streets,  it  forms  a  complete  block  in  itself.  It 
is  admirably  lighted,  and  designed  throughout  with  an  eye  to  safety, 

386 


ALFRED  PARSONS,    ESQ.,  R.A., 

Director. 


SUPPLEMENT 

efficiency,  and  to  the  comfort  of  those  who  occupy  it.  The  regular 
staff  includes  300  women  and  girls.  As  you  go  from  room  to  room, 
ascending  one  floor  after 
another,  until  you  reach  the 
top,  from  which  you  look 
over  the  roofs  of  central 
London  to  the  great  dome 
of  St.  Paul's,  you  feel 
everywhere  the  constant 
pressure  of  an  intelligence 
which  foresees  everything  to 
its  use,  and  has  at  the  same 
time  given  a  unity  of  purpose 
and  community  of  interest 
to  all  the  workers  in  this 
teeming  house  of  industry. 
Whatever  may  be  said  con- 
cerning other  establishments 

in  this  old  country,   Raphael  DESMOND  A  TUCK,  ESQ., 

House    is    in     every     depart- 
ment, from  roof  to  basement,  up-to-date  and  abreast  of  the  times. 


MESSRS.   WILLIAMS  &   NORGATE, 

PUBLISHERS. 
THE   HOME   UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY. 

way  in  which  a  publisher,  like  an  author,  develops  on  personal 
and  distinctive  lines,  is  emphasized  by  this  firm,  which  was  founded 
early  in  1843,  the  two  partners  being  Mr.  E.  Sydney  Williams  and 
Mr.  Frederic  Norgate.  Mr.  Williams  had  been  educated  in  Hamburg, 
and  Mr.  Norgate  had  been  educated  for  the  Church.  The  partnership  was 


387 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN   THE    CORONATION   YEAR 


continued  until  1864,  when  Mr.  Williams  carried  on  the  business  alone 
until  his  death  in  1891.  His  son,  Mr.  Geoffrey  Williams,  three  years  ago 
took  into  partnership  Sir  Home  Gordon,  and  the  two  are  the  present 
energetic  controllers  of  the  business,  which  has  been  at  14,  Henrietta  Street 
since  the  start,  whilst  additional  premises  running  through  to  Maiden  Lane 
were  taken  over  some  thirty  years  ago. 

In  the  early  days  the 
business  consisted  chiefly  of 
the  importation  of  Continental 
books,  especially  German,  and 
that  still  remains  an  impor- 
tant branch.  Being  in  close 
touch  with  Continental 
thought,  it  was  natural  to 
pass  from  the  importation  of 
the  original  works  to  the 
publication  of  translations  of 
them  ;  and  one  of  the  early 
undertakings  of  this  sort  was 
Strauss's  "  New  Life  of  Jesus," 
which  was  published  in 
England  in  1865. 

From  1864  to  1899 
Williams  &  Xorgate  also  pub- 
lished "The  Theological 
Review,"  a  journal  of  religious  thought  and  life  ;  and  for  the  last  ten  years 
they  have  been  publishers  of  the  famous  "  Hibbert  Journal." 

The  reputation  of  the  "  Hibbert  Journal  "  is  such  that  no  one  who  is 
interested  in  religious  questions  of  the  present  day  can  ignore  it.  In  1872  the 
Theological  Translation  Fund  was  started,  with  the  object  of  presenting 
the  English-speaking  public  "  with  the  best  results  of  theological  investigation 
on  the  Continent,  conducted  without  reference  to  doctrinal  considerations, 
and  with  the  sole  purpose  of  arriving  at  the  truth."  Among  the  signatures 


GEOFFREY    WILLIAMS,     ESQ. 


SUPPLEMENT 

of  the  original  prospectus  were  Principal  Tulloch,  Dr.  Jowett,  Dean  Stanley, 
James  Martineau,   and  James  Donaldson. 

The  publishing  activities  of  the  house  have  not,  however,  been  confined 
to  theology.  In  1862  Herbert  Spencer  arranged  for  the  publication  through 
them  of  his  "  Synthetic  Philosophy."  All  his  subsequent  works  were  issued 
through  the  house.  The  two  sides  of  the  business,  that  of  publishers  and 
book-importers,  have  brought  many  men  of  eminence  to  14,  Henrietta  Street. 
Huxley  was  one  of  these,  and  his  work,  "  Man's  Place  in  Nature," 
was  first  issued  by  the  firm.  There  also  came  Lord  John  Russell,  Biinsen, 
the  German  Ambassador,  Prince  Lucien  Bonaparte,  James  Martineau, 
and  Lord  Avebury  (Sir  John  Lubbock),  whose  "Prehistoric  Times"  is 
published  by  the  house.  Mr.  Gladstone  also  was  a  frequent  visitor ; 
and  many  times,  when  followed  by  a  crowd,  did  he  avail  himself  of 
the  goods  entrance  in  Maiden  Lane  to  escape  his  admiring  but  incon- 
venient followers. 

In  the  last  few  years  the  publishing  sphere  of  the  house  has  been  very 
much  widened.  Reminiscences,  such  as  those  of  Dr.  Boyd  Carpenter,  the 
late  Bishop  of  Ripon,  and  now  Canon  of  Westminster,  the  philosophical 
studies  of  Professor  Jacks,  a  handsomely  illustrated  volume  on  London, 
by  Sir  Laurence  Gomme,  the  Life  of  General  Sir  Alex.  Taylor,  notable 
works  on  Gardening,  by  Mrs.  Martineau  and  Mr.  L.  B.  Meredith,  and 
translations  of  a  number  of  Professor  Rudolf  Eucken's  works,  are  amongst 
those  that  at  once  suggest  themselves. 

But,  unquestionably,  the  greatest  effort  of  Messrs.  Williams  &  Norgate, 
and  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  significant  events  of  the  new  reign,  was 
the  launching  of  the  "  Home  University  Library  of  Modern  Knowledge," 
at  one  shilling  per  volume.  Until  this  remarkable  and  inclusive  series 
appeared  there  was  no  means  of  instruction  between  the  expensive  book 
and  the  brief  essay  or  article.  This  is  no  library  of  reprints  of  classic  authors, 
but  consists  of  treatises  on  every  variety  of  subject  by  the  best  living  authori- 
ties, embodying  the  results  of  the  very  latest  research,  and  it  is  designed,  not 
for  the  highly  educated  public,  as  similar  higher  priced  series  have  been  in 
the  past,  but  for  the  vast  mass  of  the  people  of  the  Empire  who  can  read  and 

389 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

write,  but  whose  work  has  stood  in  the  way  of  their  devoting  much  time  to 
higher  education. 

The  fact  that  the  Library  immediately  attained  a  wide  circulation 
and  was  hailed  with  enthusiasm  by  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  men  and  women, 
especially  those  of  the  working  and  artisan  classes,  is  a  striking  proof  of  the 
influence  that  the  Education  Acts  have  had  on  the  mental  calibre  of  the 
nation.  For  these  are  no  books  for  those  who  would  merely  be  amused. 

They  demand  careful  reading 
and  close  attention,  and  yet 
they  have  been  distributed 
by  the  hundred  thousand  to 
all  parts  of  the  English- 
speaking  world. 

The  publishers  have  been 
particularly  fortunate  in  their 
editors,  Professor  Gilbert 
Murray,  Mr.  Herbert  Fisher, 
Professor  J.  Arthur  Thomson, 
with  the  co-operation  of  Pro- 
fessor Brewster  of  Columbia 
University.  The  series,  origin- 
ally planned  for  one  hundred 
volumes,  but  now  destined 
to  extend  beyond  that  number, 
is  divided  into  five  main  sec- 

SIR    HOME    GORDON,    BAKI. 

tions,  History  and  Geography, 

Literature  and  Art,  Science,  Philosophy  and  Religion,  and  Social  Science. 
To  enumerate  the  writers  would  be  to  recite  the  weightiest  authorities  on 
their  topics.  Suffice  it  to  mention  that  L,ord  Hugh  Cecil  wrote  on  "  Con- 
servatism," the  Hon.  Bertrand  Russell  on  "Problems  of  Philosophy,"  Mr. 
Masefield  on  "  Shakespeare,"  Sir  Courtenay  Ilbert  on  "  Parliament,"  Sir 
William  Barrett  on  "  Psychical  Research,"  Sir  William  Holderness  on  "  India," 
Sir  Harry  Johnston  on  "  The  Opening-Up  of  Africa,"  Professor  McDougall 

39° 


SUPPLEMENT 

on  "  Psychology,"  Professor  Pollard  on  "  The  History  of  England,"  and 
Mr.  Ramsay  MacDonald  on  "  Socialism." 

Each  book  sets  forth  its  subject  plainly  as  the  intelligent  man  or  woman 
wants  to  know  it,  whilst  a  bibliography  is  attached  to  enable  the  study  to  be 
further  pursued.  But  this  Library  is  no  collection  of  fortuitous  volumes  ; 
it  is  a  connected  whole  :  each  volume  is  a  brick  of  a  symmetrical  temple  of 
Modern  Knowledge.  Thus  is  attained  the  cumulative  and  overwhelming 
force  of  this  effort  to  bring  the  knowledge  associated  with  a  University 
within  the  grasp  of  rich  and  poor  alike.  Lord  Rosebery,  Mr.  Arthur  J. 
Balfour,  Lord  Bryce,  and  Mr.  John  Burns  were  among  the  first  to  testify 
to  the  educational  importance  of  the  movement. 

In  the  present  democratic  age,  when  every  voter  is  supposed  to  share 
the  responsibilities  for  our  national  or  municipal  activities,  knowledge  is  an 
all-important  factor  of  Imperial  existence,  and  in  supplying  such  knowledge 
this  series  can  claim  no  small  position.  It  may  ultimately  prove  a  living 
force  years  after  the  present  strife  of  politicians.  Knowledge  is  power,  and 
the  Home  University  Library  thus  puts  intelligent  power  within  the  reach 
of  all.  The  reader  who  diligently  follows  the  series  becomes  educated  rather 
than  "  crammed."  By  means,  too,  of  a  bibliography  in  each  volume,  the 
further  limits  of  specialism  are  indicated.  It  gives  a  unique  position  through- 
out the  English-speaking  world  to  a  firm  which  for  long  has  held  an  honourable 
place  in  London  publishing. 


301 


SOCIETIES     AND     INSTITUTIONS 


THE    BRITISH    UNION    FOR    THE    ABOLITION    OF 

VIVISECTION. 

THE    ABUSES    OF    VIVISECTION. 
BY  WALTER  R.  HADWEN,  M.D.,  J.P. 

E  anti- vivisection  movement  was  started  in  this  country  by  the  late 
Miss  Frances  Power  Cobbe  in  the  early  seventies,  as  a  movement  for 
the  emancipation  of  living 
(often  domesticated) 
animals  from  the  cruellest 
misuse  to  which  it  is 
possible  to  put  them.  It 
has  become  more  than 
that ;  it  now  stands  also 
as  a  movement  for  the 
emancipation  of  mankind 
from  superstitious  and 
irrational  ideas  and— 
what  is  of  supreme  im- 
portance— from  the  school 
of  medicine  founded  upon 
such  ideas.  These  ideas 
are  the  result  of  the 
unscientific  process  of 
reasoning  from  animals 
(which  differ  physiologi- 
cally and  anatomically  from  each  other  and  from  man)  to  man  himself. 
This  process,  inexact  in  its  inception,  has  opened  the  gates  to  a  horde  of 


WALTER  R.   HADWEN.   M.D..  J.P.,  L.R.C.P.,  M.R.C.S.,  L.S.A., 
President. 


393 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


undigested  theories  which  are  hastily  accepted  without  proof,  and  has  encour- 
aged inexactitude  in  the  scientific  laboratory,  the  place  above  all  others  where 
exactitude  is  necessary. 

The  theory  which,  through  the  failure  of  Koch's  postulates  (see  "  Lancet," 
March  2oih.  1909),  can  never  be  more  than  a  theory,  that  specific  diseases 
are  caused  by  specific  germs,  has  latterly  engaged  a  large  number  of 
scientific  men,  professionally  or  otherwise,  in  the  fascinating  pursuit  of 
inoculating  animals  with  morbid  matter  and  watching  the  results, — a 

process  which  it  is  impossible  to  separate 
from  cruelty  often  of  the  grossest  description. 
The  fruits  of  this  occupation  are  to  be 
seen  in  the  fantastic  doctrines  taught  in 
the  current  medical  school,  of  which  I 
em:merate  a  few. 

(1)  A   healthy   person   may   endanger 
the   community  as  a  "  carrier  "  of  the  germs 
of    a    disease     experienced     fifty-two     years 
previously.    ("Lancet,"   August  i^th,  1908.) 

(2)  A  person   may   be   held  to   have 
infected  food  which  she  never  saw  or  handled 
with  the   germs   of    a    fever    which    she    has 
never    had.       (Sec     "Medical    Annual"    for 
1910,  page  704;   and  "The  Abolitionist"    of 
November,  1910,  and  February,  1911,  in  which 
all  the  details  are  given  on  first  hand  evidence.) 

(3)  "  Washing  encourages  the  microbes  of  the  skin,  so  that  I  do  not 
think  cleanliness  is  to  be  recommended  as  a  hygienic  method."       (Sir  Almroth 
Wright,  Speech  on  Bacteriology  and  Hygiene,  at  the  Theatre  of  the  Civil  Service 
Commissioners,  March,  1911.) 

(4)  "  The  visitations  of  Plague  have  nothing  to  do  with  cleanliness  and 
sanitation  ;    an  elaborate  drainage  system  is — so  far  as  plague  is  concerned 

—rather  a  disadvantage  than  an  advantage  ;  for  the  more  drains  the  more 
rats."  (See  "  Evening  News,"  March  zoth,  1911.) 


THIv  RLCV.   R.  IX  MONRO,  M.A., 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 


394 


SUPPLEMENT 


MISS  FRAXCKS   POWER 
COU  BE, 

Foundress  of  the  Society. 


(5)  Milk  should  be  soured  by  a  special  Bulgarian  bacillus  to  ensure 
long  life. 

(6)  "  Here  there  seems  to  be  a  rational  (?)  method  by  which  we  may 
strive  to  strengthen  the  higher  elements  of  the  human  body,  and  so  prevent 
them    from   growing   old.      The   task   at   first  sight 

indeed    seems   an   easy   one,    only  necessitating   the 

injection    of    a  horse,   or  other  animal,   with  finely 

minced  atoms    of  human    organs,    such    as    brains, 

heart,  liver,    kidneys,    etc.,    when  serums   could  be 

drawn  off  in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks  capable   of 

acting   upon  these  organs." 

"  The  large  intestine  must  be  regarded  as  one 

of  the  organs  possessed  by  man  and  yet  harmful  to 

his  health  and  his  life." 

"  The  stomach   is   an   organ   that  the   human 

body  would  do  well  to  be  rid  of.     It  is  not  so  use- 
less as  the  large  intestine  since  it  is  the  chief  seat  of  digestion  of  albumin- 
ous substances,  but  the  small  intestine  could 
take  its  place."  (Metchnikoff,  "  The  Nature  of 
Man."} 

Added  to  the  folly  of  such  pronounce- 
ments— and  a  long  list  of  others  could  be 
added — which  is  obvious  to  anybody  not 
obsessed  by  the  popular  germ-theory,  is  the 
fact  that  sera  and  vaccines  are  continually 
put  upon  the  market,  which  fail  to  produce 
any  diminution  in  the  death-rate  from  the 
diseases  they  are  intended  to  prevent  or  to 
cure — as  witness  the  continually  increased 
plague-mortality  in  India,  and  the  fact  that, 
during  the  five  years  after  the  diphtheritic 
antitoxin  was  introduced,  the  death-rate 

THE    REV.  J.  STRATTON,  M.A.,  .  .„.  (    .,  •, 

Hon.  Treasurer.  from  that   disease  per  million  of  the  popula- 


395 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


tion  was  the  highest  on  record.  Added,  also,  must  be  the  number  of 
deaths  directly  and  admittedly  due  to  these  extraordinary  nostrums, 
which  can  be  regarded  as  neither  natural,  cleanly,  nor  scientific,  and 
the  fact  that  they  divert  medical  attention  from  the  real  causes  of  disease. 
The  British  Union  for  Abolition  of  Vivisection  (the  Society  founded 
by  Miss  Cobbe  when  the  earlier  Society  which  she  had  founded,  now  known 
as  the  "  National,"  adopted  a  policy  of  asking  merely  for  the  regulation  of 

vivisection)  endeavours  to  bring 
before  the  public  the  flimsy 
evidence  and  loose  reasoning  upon 
which  the  theories  underlying 
these  treatments  are  based  (see 
the  case  of  Malta  Fever  discussed 
in  the  "  Contemporary  Review " 
of  August  and  November,  1909), 
and  thus  to  justify  the  principle 
of  anti-vivisection  that  what  is 
morally  wrong  is  never  scientifi- 
cally right.  "  The  Abolitionist," 
the  monthly  organ  of  the  British 
Union,  turns  the  searchlight  of 
criticism  upon  each  theory  of  the 
vivisectionist  school  as  advanced, 
and  is  thus  the  best  weapon  to 
use  in  anti-vivisectionist  con- 
troversy. It  is  our  endeavour  to  give  the  fairest  and  fullest  opportunity 
to  the  consideration  of  the  arguments  of  our  opponents,  and  with  this 
end  in  view  we  have  published  both  sides  whenever  we  could  obtain 
a  detailed  exposition  in  defence  of  vivisection  from  the  leading 
authorities  of  the  vivisectionist  school.  Several  of  our  publications 
consist  of  these  controversies,  as  we  are  averse  to  the  general  principle 
of  issuing  literature  which  ignores  or  conceals  the  other  side.  The 
British  Union,  owing  to  its  adoption  of  critical  as  well  as  humani- 

396 


Miles  &  Have. 


HISS  BEATRICE  E.   KIDD, 
Secretarv. 


SUPPLEMENT 

tarian  arguments,  exercises  an  enormous  influence  throughout  the 
country.  In  the  year  1900  it  had  only  eleven  Branches  ;  it  now  has 
fifty  ;  and  as  it  organises  campaigns  continually  in  one  town  after  another 
it  is  steadily  adding  to  them.  It  is  the  largest  Anti- Vivisection  Society 
in  the  British  Isles. 

It  has  also  its  friends  in  Parliament,  and  on  its  Committee  sit  repre- 
sentatives of  both  Houses  in  the  persons  of  lyord  Tenterden  and  Mr.  H.  G. 
Chancellor,  M.P.  The  latter  has  been  the  first  to  institute  a  definitely 
organised  anti-vivisection 
movement  within  the 
House  of  Commons.  A 
Committee  has  been  ap- 
pointed which  meets 
there,  and  for  which  he 
acts  as  Hon.  Secretary. 
The  "whole-hogger" 
policy  is  found  to  meet 
with  a  ready  acceptance, 
for  to  those  who  devote 
even  a  short  time  to  the 
consideration  of  the 
subject  its  necessity  is 
obvious.  Mr.  Byrne,  chief 
clerk  at  the  Home  Office, 
told  the  Royal  Commis- 
sion on  Vivisection— 

(Q.  164)  "Attempts, 
mostly  unsuccessful,  were  made  to  divide  the  experiments  returned  into 
painful  and  painless.  That  has  now  been  given  up,  and  the  last  return 
does  not  even  profess  to  do  so." 

Dr.  Thane,  the  Chief  Inspector,  said— 

(Q-    J335)      "  The   Inspector   never   could   distinguish    exactly    which 
experiments  were  painless  and  which  were  painful,  and  the  experimenters 


BBITISH  ITNION 

ABOLITION  Or 

VIVISECTION 


A    "SHOP     CAMPAIGN." 


397 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

and  the  observers  themselves   cannot  distinguish  in   a  very  large  number 
of  cases." 

The  Inspectors,  men  necessarily  trained  in  the  atmosphere  of  vivi- 
section, are  invariably  strong  advocates  of  the  practice  ;  hence  their  presence 
is  not  objected  to  by  vivisectors,  who  decline  to  allow  an  anti-vivisectionist 
medical  man  to  enter  their  laboratories.  There  are  insuperable  obstacles 
to  the  restriction  of  vivisection,  and  seeing  that  it  is  fundamentally  immoral 
in  principle,  unscientific  in  working,  and  found  on  an  impartial  examination 
to  be  barren  of  useful  results,  there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not  be  success- 
fully opposed  as  a  system,  as  slavery  was  by  those  who  bore  the  name  of 
"  Abolitionists  "  in  the  past. 


THE   NATIONAL  ANTI-VIVISECTION  SOCIETY. 

BY  THE  HON.  STEPHEN  COLERIDGE. 


National  Anti-  Vivisection  Society  was  originally  founded  in 
1876  by  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  Cardinal  Manning,  L/ord  Chief 
Justice  Coleridge,  Archdeacon  Wilberforce,  and  Miss  Frances  Cobbe.  It 
was  quickly  joined  by  the  great  leaders  of  thought  and  ethics,  and  received 
the  public  support  of  such  men  as  Froude,  Carlyle,  Tennyson,  Browning, 
and  Ruskin. 

L,ord  Morley  of  Blackburn,  the  last  survivor  of  the  literary  giants 
of  the  nineteenth  century,  still  lends  the  Society  the  illustrious  support 
of  his  august  name.  William  Watson  carries  forward  into  our  own  times 
the  traditional  verdict  of  the  poets  on  this  vital  and  classic  combat. 

The  broad  principles  on  which  the  Society  relies  are  that  material 
benefits  ought  not  to  be  sought  for  by  morally  evil  methods  ;  that 
knowledge  which  can  only  be  obtained  by  the  infliction  of  dreadful 
suffering  upon  innocent  animals  can  never  bring  blessings  upon  mankind  ; 

398 


DISTINGUISHED   SUPPORTERS   OF  THE   NATIONAL    ANTI-VIVISECTION  SOCIETY. 


LORD  MORLEY  OF  BLACKBURN, 

JOHN  RUSKIN. 
THOMAS  CARLYLE. 
LORD   TENNYSON. 


LORD    I.I.A  NGA  TTOCK 

(President), 
THE  LATE  EARJ.  OF  SHAFTESISURY,   K.G. 

(First  President  of  the  Society). 

THE    HON.    STEPHEN   COLERIDGE 

(Director  and  Treasurer). 


MARK    TWAIN. 
LORD    LOREBURN 

(Ijrrd  Chancellor). 
CARDINAL    MANNING. 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE   CORONATION    YEAR 

that  if  a  choice  lies  between  foregoing  a  research  or  abandoning  the 
principles  of  mercy,  it  is  better  for  us  all  to  be  pitiful  than  to  be  in 
possession  of  any  item  of  knowledge,  and  that  the  tree  of  knowledge 
should  cheerfully  be  sacrificed  for  the  tree  of  life. 

The  Society  stands  forth  as  the  champion  of  things  spiritual  as 
against  things  merely  corporeal. 

Vivisection  has  never  claimed  to  do  more  for  mankind  than  to 
improve  bodily  health  and  ascertain  the  laws  of  physiology. 

But  great  thoughts  all  come  from  the  heart,  and  those  to  whom 
it  has  been  vouchsafed  to  give  expression  to  its  highest  emotions  and 
aspirations  have  never  failed  to  tell  us  that  if  all  mankind  were  to 
receive  corporeal  benefits  from  the  torture  of  animals  it  would  not 
be  an  adequate  recompense  for  the  disappearance  of  pity  from  the 
world. 

The  desire  for  knowledge  is  a  respectable  quality  in  a  man ;  curiosity, 
though  shared  with  the  monkeys,  deserves  no  reprehension;  groping  in 
the  gory  entrails  of  a  dead  dog  may  not  be  so  admirable  an  occupation 
as  watching  and  studying  its  habits  when  alive,  but  so  long  as  the 
dog  be  dead  or  incapable  of  sensation,  it  does  not  deject  him  who 
practises  it  below  the  level  of  a  butcher  or  a  slaughterman  in  taste  and 
morality. 

But  the  practice  of  a  vivisection,  whenever  it  involves  the 
misery  and  anguish  of  a  helpless  animal,  suffers  a  debasement  and 
degradation  that  exclude  it  entirely  from  classification  among  the  noble 
sciences. 

The  vivisector  is  interested  in  the  palpitating  intestines  of  a  living 
dissected  dog  ;  the  rest  of  mankind  is  interested  in  the  dog's  capacity  for 
love,  devotion,  faith,  and  sublime  self-sacrifice,  in  its  display  of  qualities 
of  heart  and  character  that  may  truly  put  many  of  us  to  the  blush;  and 
if  the  ultimate  destiny  of  man  is  to  rise  from  dreary  materialism  to 
the  realisation  of  his  spiritual  aspirations,  to  look  up  instead  of  down, 
the  practice  of  painful  vivisection  must  disappear  from  the  earth  as 
certainly  as  darkness  is  driven  out  before  the  rising  of  the  dawn. 

400 


SUPPLEMENT 


THE   ROYAL  SOCIETY   FOR  THE   PREVENTION 
OF  CRUELTY  TO  ANIMALS. 

WHY   IT   WAS    NEEDED    AND    WHAT   IT   HAS   DONE. 
BY  EDWARD  G.  FAIRHOLME,  SECRETARY. 

TT  is  interesting  to  look  back  through  the  past  and  watch  the  gradual 
•*•  change  of  public  opinion  towards  a  higher  civilisation — and  it  is 
gratifying  to  realise  that  the  Royal  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty 
to  Animals  has  contributed  its  share  towards  this  end,  not  only  for  the 
benefit  of  our  own  country,  but  also  for  the  whole  world. 

Two    startling    facts    stand    out    and    show    eloquently    how    much 
has  been   done   during  the   last   hundred  years. 

In  1809  the  noble  Members  of  the  House  of  Lords  jeered  when  a 
Bill  was  introduced  for  the  amelioration  of  animals;  while  the  Honour- 
able Members  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, or  the  majority  of  them,  felt 
that  it  was  not  "  a  subject  for  legisla- 
tion." 

In  1910,  when  Mr.  George  Green- 
wood, M.P.  for  Peterborough,  and  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  the 
R.S.P.C.A.,  introduced  on  behalf  of 
that  Society  a  Bill  to  ameliorate  the 
condition  of  old  and  worn-out  horses 
intended  for  export,  he  was  greeted 
with  cheers,  and  the  Bill  was  passed 
in  an  incredibly  short  time. 

Truly,  times  have  changed  !  A 
little  over  one  hundred  years  ago,  RICHARD  MARTIN,  KSQ  ,  M.P 

who  earned  himself  the  title  of     Humanity  Dick,    by  his 

when  a  man  was  charged  with  horrible 
BB  401 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

cruelty  to  a  cow,  the  case  was  dismissed  because  the  cow  was  considered  to 
be  only  a  farm  implement,  and  so  was  the  man's  own  property  !  A  few 
years  after  that  amazing  judicial  verdict,  in  1809,  Lord  Erskine  had  the 
temerity  to  introduce  a  Bill  for  the  protection  of  animals  into  the  House  of 
Lords,  and  this  endeavour  was  greeted  with  cat-calls  and  other  attempts 
to  silence  him.  But  the  seed  was  sown.  Richard  Martin,  M.P.  for 
Galway,  now  known  to  history  as  "  Humanity  Dick,"  took  up  the  cause, 
and  again  and  again  attacked  the  subject,  until  in  1822  his  Bill,  which 
was  called  "  an  Act  to  prevent  the  Cruel  and  Improper  Treatment 
of  Cattle,"  now  known  as  "  Martin's  Act,"  was  passed.  And  the  seed  brought 
forth  fruit. 

A  meeting  was  called,  to  quote  from  the  advertisement  in  John 
Bull  of  November  3rd,  1822,  when  it  was  resolved  :  "  That  a  Society  be 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  preventing,  as  far  as  possible,  the  cruel  treatment 
of  brute  animals."  The  founder  was  the  Rev.  Arthur  Broome.  L,ittle 
progress  was  made  till  two  years  later,  when  we  read  of  this  pioneer  giving 
evidence  at  a  meeting,  held  to  carry  out  his  scheme,  as  to  the  horrible  cruelties 
in  the  streets,  which  were  so  common  that  they  escaped  comment.  At 
this  meeting,  held  on  June  i6th,  1824,  with  Mr.  T.  Fowell  Buxton,  M.P., 
in  the  chair,  certain  guiding  principles  were  agreed  to,  and  a  committee 
was  formed,  to  include  such  splendid  workers  as  Richard  Martin,  M.P., 
William  Wilberforce,  M.P.,  and  L,ewis  Gompertz.  It  is  interesting  to  note, 
too,  that  among  the  first  members  to  join  the  Society  was  Elizabeth  Fry, 
of  Prison  Reform  fame. 

Unfortunately,  the  public,  inured  to  cruel  sights  by  bull-running,  bear- 
baiting,  cock-fighting,  and  the  like,  did  not  support  the  work,  which  was 
being  carried  on  against  great  opposition,  and  in  1829  a  meeting  was  called 
to  wind  up  the  affairs  of  the  Society  owing  to  a  lack  of  funds.  Statesmen 
considered — as  do  some  people  still — that  brutality  and  strength  were 
synonymous  terms,  and  grew  eloquent  in  support  of  bull-running  and  baiting, 
when  the  first  attack  was  made  against  these  "  sports,"  but  such  pleadings 
were  valueless  against  the  conviction  of  men  like  Richard  Brinsley  Sheridan, 
who  considered  that  "  it  was  the  most  mischievous  of  all  amusements  and 

402 


SUPPLEMENT 

most  calculated  to  brutalise  their  manners."  He  further  stated  that  "  lie 
must  consider  cruelty  to  brute  animals  a  crime,  and  therefore  if  there  were 
no  laws  to  prevent,  if  not  to  punish,  such  cruelties,  there  certainly  ought 
to  be." 

Help  came,  however,  from  an  unexpected  source,  in  the  shape  of  a 
legacy  from  Mrs.  Radcliffe,  the  novelist,  and  another  attempt  was  made 
to  continue  the  beneficent  work  of  the  vSociety.  It  was  the  turning-point 
in  its  fortunes. 

WHAT  IT  HAS  DONE.— the  subjects  of  bull-baiting  and  dog- 
fights were  again  and  again  introduced  into  Parliament,  and  further 
questions  as  to  the  cruelties  in  knackers'  yards,  cruelty  to  dogs,  the 
skinning  of  live  cats,  slaughter-house  reform,  the  suppression  of  cock-pits, 
etc.,  were  brought  up,  negatived,  and  withdrawn.  Each  year  such  matters 
were  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  Government,  and  this  continuous 
action  at  length  made  its  impression  felt.  The  Press  took  up  the  subject, 
and,  one  by  one,  the  outworks  of  cruelty  were  stormed  and  taken. 
Petitions  were  presented  to  Parliament  praying  for  an  extension  of 
"  Martin's  Act,"  and  for  the  betterment  of  slaughter-house  conditions ; 
bylaws  were  passed  by  various  local  governing  bodies  prohibiting 
gross,  and  by  now  recognised  cruelties.  In  1835,  the  Cruelty  to  Animals 
Act  (5  and  6  Wm.  IV.),  amending  "Martin's  Act"  and  suppressing 
bull-baiting,  bear-fighting,  cock-fighting,  dog-fighting,  etc.,  was  passed, 
and  two  years  later  this  Act  was  extended  to  Ireland.  In  1837  the  Society 
instituted  a  prosecution  for  bull-running  at  Stamford,  and  obtained  a 
conviction.  But  this  "  sport "  was  not  stamped  out  until  the  Society 
appealed  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  Lord  John  Russell,  who,  in  the  following 
year,  sent  a  troop  of  thirty-five  men  of  the  I4th  Light  Dragoons  and  twelve 
Metropolitan  policemen  to  Stamford,  assisted  by  "  twenty  respectable 
tradesmen  "  to  put  an  end  to  the  "  sport."  It  was  also  stopped  at  Stone, 
in  Staffordshire,  in  the  same  year. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  encouragement  in  the  Society's  work  came  in 
1840,  when  Queen  Victoria  granted  it  the  prefix  "  Royal,"  which  title  it 

403 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


has  enjoyed  ever  since.  Even  before  her  accession  to  the  Throne  as  a  girl 
of  sixteen,  her  late  Majesty  showed  her  sympathy  and  interest  with  its  cause 
by  becoming  Patroness,  for  she  realised,  to  quote  her  own  words,  that  "  No 
civilisation  is  complete  which  does  not  include  within  its  sphere  of  charity 
and  mercy  the  dumb  and  defenceless  of  God's  creation."  It  needed 
courage  in  those  days,  when  the  whole  question  of  humanity  to  animals 
was  looked  upon  as  a  madness,  for  a  girl  of  sixteen  years  of  age  to 
enlist  on  the  side  of  those  who  were  the  subjects  of  ribald  jokes  ;  but  her 
wonderful  instinct  for  what  was  good  for  her  country,  besides  her  kind 

heart,  made  her  show  a 
practical  interest  in  the  work, 
which  has  since  enjoyed  the 
support  of  her  successors,  in- 
cluding his  Majesty  King 
George  V.,  who  is  now  its 
Patron,  and  was  for  many 
years  its  President.  We  can- 
not here  treat  of  the  many 
reforms  which  the  Society  has 
introduced,  as,  for  instance, 
the  prohibition  of  the  use  of 

dogs  as  draught  animals,  the  dubbing  of  cocks,  the  cropping  of  dogs' 
ears,  the  slow  bleeding  of  calves,  the  dishorning  of  cattle,  the  regulation 
of  knackers'  yards,  and  the  creation,  extension,  consolidation  and  amend- 
ment of  the  various  Animal  Acts  of  Parliament.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  the  R.S.P.C.A.  is  the  mother  of  the  many  societies  to  be  found  all 
over  the  world,  and  that  it  grew  from  small  beginnings  and  passed 
through  countless  vicissitudes,  until  it  has  become  one  of  the  important 
actors  working  for  a  higher  civilisation. 

It  has  not  only  created  laws — it  has  seen  that  they  were  kept,  and 
it  has  obtained  over  two  hundred  and  thirty-nine  thousand  convic- 
tions in  cases  of  cruelty  to  animals.  About  seven  thousand  people 
are  unfortunately  convicted  annually,  while  over  twenty-five  thousand 


A    TYPICAL    R.S.P.C.A.    CASIv 


404 


SUPPLEMENT 

people  receive  warnings  from  the  Society's  inspectors  during  each 
year. 

Exit  that  has  been  and  is  only  one  side  of  its  work — the  prosecution 
—which,  because  it  brings  notoriety,  has  given  many  people  the  false 
impression  that  its  object  is  to  put  people  in  prison.  The  Society's  real 
and  important  object  is  to  keep  people  out  of  prison  by  engrafting  in  them, 
by  education,  a  moral  responsibility  towards  the  animals  in  their  charge. 
And  for  this  purpose  it  publishes  and  circulates  broadcast  cautionary  placards 
to  warn  would-be  offenders.  By  its  one  hundred  and  eighty  inspectors, 
and  by  its  organisation  of  six  hundred  and  ninety  branches  and  auxiliaries 
in  England  and  Wales,  it  advises  on  the  proper  treatment  of  animals,  so 
that,  while  in  the  one  hand  it  bears  the  "  big  stick  of  correction  "  for  those 
who  deserve  it,  it  endeavours  with  the  other  hand  to  lead  people,  by  persuasion, 
to  a  better  understanding  of  those  very  animals,  their  natures  and  their 
needs. 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  an  incalculable  amount  of 
suffering  is  prevented  annually  by  the  presence  of  the  Society's  inspectors, 
and  it  is  the  only  Society  of  the  kind  which  employs  uniformed  men 
on  the  roads,  at  race  meetings,  rabbit  coursing  matches,  pigeon  shoots, 
menageries,  live-stock  dealers'  shops,  fairs,  cattle  markets,  and  other 
places  where  animals  are  sold  or  employed,  such  as  in  carting  for  building 
purposes,  market  gardens,  going  up  steep  hills,  at  seaside  resorts,  and 
in  pleasure  gardens  and  exhibitions.  Ignorant  and  cruel  people  are  thus 
deterred  from  breaking  the  laws  by  recognising  the  Society's  uniformed 
inspectors. 

ITS  EDUCATIONAL  WORK.— The  Society  presents  silver  medals  for 
animal  life-saving  at  great  personal  danger,  and  rewards  lesser  acts  of 
gallantry  with  framed  certificates.  Its  education  propaganda  is  carried 
on  by  holding  Annual  School  Essay  Competitions  on  the  subject  of 
"  Kindness  to  Animals "  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ladies'  Education 
Committee ;  by  organising  Bands  of  Mercy  for  children  all  over  the 
country ;  by  inviting  the  clergy  to  preach  sermons  on  mercy  towards 

4°5 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

the  dumb  creation  on  Animal  Sunday  (fourth  Sunday  after  Trinity)  ; 
by  gratis  lantern  lectures,  addresses,  and  entertainments  ;  by  its  publica- 
tions, The  Animal  World  and  Band  of  Mercy ;  by  lending,  gratis, 
selections  from  the  very  large  and  unique  collection  of  lantern  slides 
and  readings  ;  and  by  issuing  thousands  of  instructive  pamphlets  on  the 
treatment  and  uses  of  animals. 

It  will,  therefore,  be  seen  that  education  against  cruelty  is  the  most 
powerful  weapon,  for  education  means  a  greater  knowledge,  while  cruelty 
means  a  lack  of  it,  both  of  the  sufferings  and  cruelties  involved,  and  of  the 
needs  for  proper  treatment  which  we  all — human  and  animal  alike — inherit 
by  right.  Therefore  it  pursues  a  practical  policy  by  having  stalls  at 
agricultural  shows,  horse  shows,  and  at  other  places  attended  by  men  who 
earn  their  livelihood  by  dealing  in  animals,  i.e.,  farmers,  shepherds,  drovers, 
stablemen,  farriers,  and  the  like,  with  whom  it  would  otherwise  be  difficult 
to  get  into  touch.  It  creates  friendly  relations  with  such  men  by  holding 
suppers  for  drovers  and  slaughtermen,  and  cabmen's  teas,  and  by  organising 
horse  parades  and  donkey  shows,  at  which  substantial  prizes  are  given  for 
the  best  conditioned  animals.  It  also  draws  public  attention  to  the  special 
needs  of  animals  by  letters  and  advertisements  in  the  public  press,  on  such 
subjects  as  deserted  cats,  chained-up  dogs,  dogs  following  bicycles,  the 
wearing  of  osprey  feathers,  the  tight  hame  and  bearing  reigns,  docking,  etc. 

The  R.S.P.C.A.  works  not  only  to  better  the  treatment  of  animals, 
but  it  also  aims  at  the  improvement  of  a  child's  moral  nature  by  widening 
his  interest  in  life,  and  by  teaching  him  forbearance,  self-control  and  courtesy. 
For,  as  Ruskin  said,  "It  is  character  building  which  is  our  great  business 
in  this  world.  No  small  part  is  done  by  our  treatment  of  the  animals  com- 
mitted to  our  care." 

A  FEW  SUBJECTS  IT  DEALS  WITH.— One  of  the  important 
reformations  the  R.S.P.C.A.  has  been  ceaselessly  striving  to  bring  about  is 
in  connection  with  our  slaughter-houses.  And  perhaps  the  most  helpful 
step  in  the  right  direction,  with  regard  to  the  last  point  mentioned, 
has  been  the  invention  of  the  R.S.P.C.A.  Humane  Cattle  Killer, 

400 


SUPPLEMENT 

and  more  recently  that  of  the  R.S.P.C.A.  Slaughtering  Pistol,  which 
are  both  sold  at  absolutely  cost  price  by  the  Society.  This  appliance 
is  now  in  constant  use  in  over  one  thousand  four  hundred  slaughter- 
houses, and  its  qualities  are  daily  becoming  recognised.  In  many 
districts  the  Society's  inspectors  have  now  been  appointed  Assistant 
Sanitary  Inspectors,  which  position  gives  them  the  right  of  entry  into 
public  and  private  slaughter-houses  while  the  killing  is  in  process. 

The  Society  has  worked  energet- 
ically to  suppress  the  cruelties 
involved  in  the  traffic  in  old  horses, 
for  food  purposes,  to  the  Continent  ; 
in  the  use  of  ponies  in  coal  mines  ; 
and  in  the  performances  of  trained 
animals  at  music-halls  and  circuses 
—in  fact,  anywhere  and  everywhere 
where  animals  are  utilised,  the 
Society's  inspectors  are  watchful 
to  protect  them  from  abuse  and 


torture. 


DESERTED   AND    STARVING. 

A  fnnn  of  cruelty  far  too  common,  and  against  which 
the  Society  is  constantly  appealing. 


The  vSociety  receives  no  Govern- 
ment grant,  and  takes  no  share  of  the  penalties  inflicted  as  a  result 
of  its  prosecutions,  therefore  it  is  solely  dependent  on  the  generosity 
of  the  public,  for  it  is  only  supported  by  voluntary  contributions,  and 
the  increasing  operations  of  the  R.S.P.C.A.  have  drawn  from  its  funds 
an  amount  vastly  exceeding  the  yearly  subscriptions.  It  has  worked 
steadily,  borne  contumely  bravely,  so  that  it  has  become  stronger  every 
year  until  it  has  come  to  be  recognised  to  be,  as  was  said  by  the  late 
King  Edward  VII.,  "  one  of  the  great  important  philanthropic  societies 
of  this  country."  Each  year  brings  some  fresh  reform,  as  each  year 
brings  some  fresh  work  to  be  done,  and  truly  it  can  claim  that  it  has 
worked  unremittingly 

"  .     .     .in  fighting  for  the  weak, 
In  voicing  truth  for  those  who  cannot  speak," 


407 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

and 

"  .     .     .in  leading  many  a  thoughtless  mind 

To  think  of  being  kind." 

In  a  short  article  it  is  naturally  impossible  to  deal  with  special  cases, 
but  the  illustrations  will  bring  home  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  why  the  Society 
is  needed,  and  what  it  has  done  during  the  eighty-six  years  of  its  existence. 


THE     BOY     SCOUT    IN     1911. 

BY  LIEUT.-GENERAL  SIR  ROBERT  BADEN-POWELL,  K.C.B. 

SCOUTING. 

'"T^HE  other  day  a  small  boy  in  Brussels  was  coming  out  of  church 
**-  with  his  mother  after  hearing  the  parable  of  the  Wise  and 
Foolish  Virgins,  and  he  remarked,  "Mother,  if  those  Virgins  had  been 
brought  up  as  Boy  Scouts  there  would  have  been  no  story  to  tell 
about  them." 

"  Why  ?  " 

"  Because  had  they  been  Boy  Scouts  the  wise  ones  would  have  given 
half  their  oil  to  the  foolish  ones,  and  there  would  not  have  been  all 
that  fuss." 

This  showed  that  the  boy,  at  any  rate,  appreciated  the  spirit  of  the 
Boy  Scout  training. 

People  who  have  seen  our  parks  and  commons  overrun  with  small  boys 
with  hats  and  staves  and  bare  knees,  have  been  apt  to  think  the  whole  of  their 
object  in  life  was  to  run  about  stalking  each  other,  and  have  not  recognized 
that  underneath  these  games  lies  an  inner  and  deeper  meaning.  The  essence 
of  scouting  for  boys  is,  in  fact,  an  education  in  good  citizenship  by  which 
they  are  taught  helpfulness  to  others  and  self-sacrifice  in  the  common  cause, 
in  addition  to  development  of  resourcefulness,  self-reliance  and  bodily  health. 

And  there  is  need  of  it. 

408 


SUPPLEMENT 


THE  NATIONAL  NEED  OF  IT.— Our  great  Empire  is  to-day  to 
the  rest  of  the  world  very  much  what  the  Roman  Empire  was  two 
thousand  years  ago.  But  the  Roman  Empire,  great  as  it  was,  fell. 

"  The  same  causes  which  brought  about  the  fall  of  the  great  Roman  Empire 
are  working  to-day  in  Great  Britain." 

These  words  were 
lately  spoken  by  one  of 
our  best  known  demo- 
cratic politicians,  and 
they  have  been  con- 
firmed in  a  recent 
lecture  at  Cambridge  by 
Mr.  Warde  Fowler,  as 
also  in  various  pamph- 
lets and  writings.  That 
they  are  true  is  general- 
ly admitted  by  those 
who  have  studied  and 
compared  the  general 
conditions  of  both 
countries. 

The  main  cause  of 
the  downfall  of  Rome 
is  similar  to  that  which 
resulted  in  the  down- 
fall  of  other  great  •• 

Empires,  such  as  the 
Egyptian,  Greek,  Span- 
ish, and  Dutch,  and  that  cause  may  be  summed  up  in  each  case  as 
the  decline  of  good  citizenship  and  the  want  of  energetic  patriotism. 
It  is  easy  to  push  historical  parallels  too  far,  and  whether  or  not 
these  parallels  are  real  or  exaggerated,  they  give  us  food  for  reflection. 
The  main  point  is  for  us  to  take  the  lesson  to  heart  and  see,  before 


409 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

it    is    too    late,    that     our    Empire    also    be    not    undermined    by    these 
defects. 

I  am  not  so  pessimistic  myself  as  to  think  with  some  people  that  we  are 
already  so  far  on  the  downward  grade  as  to  be  in  a  hopeless  condition.  On  the 
contrary,  I  think  that  we  are  only  near  to  the  parting  of  the  ways,  where 
the  nation,  instead  of  taking  the  downward  route,  can,  if  it  likes,  rise  through 
the  growth  and  consolidation  of  its  great  colonies  into  the  mightiest  Empire 
that  history  can  tell  of,  with  an  all-powerful  influence  for  the  peace  and 


SALUTING    THE    UNION    JACK. 
The   actual  Flag  that  flew   over  Mafeking. 

well-being  of  the  world.  The  success  of  such  a  move  depends,  however, 
partly  on  whether  our  governing  classes  can  rise  to  the  occasion  in  a  sufficiently 
whole-hearted  and  broad-minded  way  above  mere  party  politics ;  and  also 
whether  our  rising  generation  can  attain  the  higher  plane  of  character 
necessary  to  achieve  and  maintain  as  well  as  to  deserve  such  position.  At 
present,  unfortunately,  there  is  danger  of  deterioration  instead  of  improve- 
ment, unless  steps  are  speedily  taken.  The  causes  of  such  deterioration  are 
simple  to  find  ;  the  remedies  for  its  prevention  are  more  difficult.  It  becomes, 
therefore,  incumbent  upon  every  one  of  us  who  has  the  slightest  patriotism  in 

410 


SUPPLEMENT 

him  to  earnestly  help,  in  however  small  a  way,  to  turn  the  rising  generation 
on  the  right  road  for  good  citizenship. 

One  form  of  bad  citizenship,  and,  therefore,  an  unmistakable  sign  of 
danger,  is  the  ever-increasing  horde  of  unemployed  and  unemployable  in 
our  midst — the  great  army  of  drones  in  our  hive. 

Yet  there  is  work  enough  for  all  in  the  country  ;  but  whether  it  is  from 
Trade  Union  limitations,  or  from  want  of  sobriety,  thrift,  or  adaptability,  a 
vast  number  of  workmen,  servants,  and  others  are  being  replaced  by  foreigners. 
As  regards  poverty,  Mr.  Burns  has  pointed  out  that  there  is  sufficient  money 
in  the  country  to  go  round  if  it  were  properly  economised.  If  the  men  would 
give  up  the  luxury  of  beer  and  tobacco  there  would  be  £189,000,000  available 
for  the  betterment  of  their  families  in  the  year. 

OUR  FUTURE  CITIZENS.— Some  people  are  all  for  tinkering 
with  the  old,  most  are  for  better  building  up  the  new — the  rising  genera- 
tion, our  manhood  of  the  future. 

We  have  at  the  present  time  in  Great  Britain  over  three  million  boys,  of 
whom  one-quarter  to  one-half  a  million  are  under  good  influences  outside 
their  school  walls.  (See  Gorst's  "  Children  of  the  Nation,"  and  Dr. 
Macnamara's  Report,  and  Parliamentary  Reports.) 

3,740,000  boys. 
300,000  under  good  influence. 

Remainder  . .     3,440,000  independent  of  such. 

The  remainder  are  drifting  towards  "  hooliganism  "  or  bad  citizenship, 
for  want  of  hands  to  guide  them  the  right  way  towards  being  useful.  It 
is  the  remainder,  nearly  three  and  a  half  million  boys,  that  we  want 
to  tackle  and  reduce. 

The  discontinuance  of  apprenticeship,  the  early  wage-earning  by  boys, 
and  their  then  dismissal  at  seventeen  without  knowledge  of  any  useful  handi- 
craft, cause  a  large  proportion  of  this  three  millions  to  become  idlers  and 
casuals  in  after-life.  They  are  boys,  full  of  spirit  and  enthusiasm, 
approaching  the  cross-roads,  where  they  take  the  turn  either  for  good 

411 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

or  evil.  In  spite  of  the  improved  school  teaching  and  of  the  good  work 
of  Boys'  and  Church  leads'  Brigades,  a  large  proportion  of  them  are 
drifting,  owing  to  their  environments,  to  evil — that  is,  to  becoming 
"  hooligans,"  and  ultimately  "  wasters "  for  the  natural  term  of  their 
lives ;  no  good  to  their  country,  just  from  want  of  a  guiding  hand  at 
the  turning  point  of  their  career — to  teach  them  that  essential  to  success 
in  life — namely,  character. 


AN    AMBUSH    IN    THE    PINE    WOODS. 

PEACE-SCOUTS. — I  believe  that  under  the  attractive  term  and 
practice  of  "  scouting  "  a  large  number  of  boys  can  be  led  in  a  practical 
way  to  teach  themselves  character. 

By  "  scouting  "  I  do  not  mean  the  military  work  as  carried  out  on 
active  service.  The  scouting  we  are  considering  has  nothing  to  do  with  this. 
There  is  another  form,  which  one  might  term  "  peace-scouting,"  such  as- 
beginning  with  the  knights  of  old,  continued  through  the  Elizabethan  adven- 
turers and  the  latter-day  explorers — is  now  usual  with  frontiersmen  of  our 
Empire  in  every  corner  of  the  world.  The  pioneers  of  civilization  in  Central 
Africa  ;  the  ranchmen,  cowboys  and  trappers  of  the  West ;  the  drovers  and 
bushmen  of  Australia  ;  the  explorers  of  the  Arctic  and  Asiatic  regions  ;  the 

412 


SUPPLEMENT 

hunters  and  prospectors  of  South  Africa  ;  missioners  in  all  parts  of  the 
uncivilized  world  ;  and  the  constabularies  of  N.W.  Canada,  South  Africa, 
etc.,  are  all  "  peace-scouts  "  :  men  accustomed  to  live  on  their  own  resources, 
taking  their  lives  in  their  hands,  brave  and  loyal  to  their  employers,  chivalrous 
and  helpful  to  each  other,  unselfish  and  reliable  ;  MEN,  in  fact,  of  the  best 
type.  These  are  the  peace-scouts  of  the  Empire,  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
we  should  not  train  a  large  number  of  our  boys  to  follow  in  their  footsteps 
as  regards  character  and  manliness. 

SUBJECTS  OF   INSTRUCTION.— The  training  of  the  Boy  Scouts 
is  therefore  directed  on  the  following  lines  : — 

(1)  SCOUTCRAFT. — Boy    Scouts'    organization,    Scout   laws,    discipline, 
Scouts'  secret  signs,  badges,  etc. 

(2)  CAMPAIGNING. — Camp    life    and    resourcefulness ;    hut    and    mat- 
making  ;    fire  lighting  ;    cooking  ;   judging  distances,  heights,  and  numbers  ; 
cycling  ;    finding  the  way  ;    signalling,  pioneering. 

(3)  OBSERVATION. — Noting    and    memorizing    details    far    and    near ; 
landmarks,  etc.  ;    tracking  ;    deducing  the  meaning  from  tracks  and  signs  ; 
training  the  eyesight. 

(4)  WOODCRAFT. — Study   of   animals    and   birds,    plants,    stars,    etc.  ; 
stalking    animals    with     a    view    to    observing     them  ;     noticing     details 
of    people  ;     reading    their    characters     and     condition,     thereby     gaining 
sympathy,  etc. 

(5)  SEAMANSHIP. — Knotting  and   splicing  ;    boat  management,   single- 
handed  and  in  crews  ;    rope  and  mast  climbing  ;   use  of   tackles  ;    know- 
ledge   of    engines,    steam    winches,    etc.  ;    compass    bearings,    direction    by 
stars,   sun,  etc.  ;    chart  reading  ;    weather  wisdom  ;    swimming  and  saving 
life  at  sea  ;  making  and  mending  clothes,  and  sail  stitching  ;   scraping  and 
painting,  etc. 

(6)  CHIVALRY. — Honour  code  of  the  knights ;  unselfishness  ;  courage  ; 
duty ;    charity ;    thrift  ;    practical    chivalry    to    women ;    obligation  to  do 
a  "good  turn"  daily,  and  how  to  do  it;    cheerfulness;    self -improvement ; 
and    making  a  career. 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


(7)  SAVING  LJFE. — Alertness  to  save  life  from  fire,  drowning,  gas 
fumes,  runaway  horses,  panic,  street  accidents,  etc.  First  aid  ;  improvised 
appliances.  Albert  Medal  and  Edward  Medal,  etc. 

(8)  ENDURANCE. — Health  ;  personal 
hygiene  ;  sobriety ;  continence ;  smoking ; 
physical     exercise  ;      sanitation  ;     food  ; 

cleanliness,   etc. 

(9)  PATRIOTISM. — Colonial     geogra- 
phy ;     history  and   deeds  that  won  the 
Empire  ;    our  Navy  and   Army  ;    flags  ; 
medals  ;    duties   as  citizens ;   marksman- 
ship ;     helping  police,    etc.  ;    loyalty   to 
King,    officers  and   employers. 

These  subjects  are  all  taught 
by  means  of  games,  practice  and 
competitions. 


CARRYING    A    BABY    FOR    A    TIRED 
MOTHER. 


PATROL  SYSTEM.— The  troop  of 
boys  is  divided  up  into  "  patrols  "  of 
six  or  eight  under  a  senior  boy  as  patrol  leader.  This  organization 
is  the  secret  of  our  success.  Each  patrol  leader  is  given  full  respon- 
sibility for  the  behaviour  of  his  patrol  at  all  times,  in  camp  and 
in  field.  The  patrol  is  the  unit  for  work  or  play,  and  in  camp 
each  patrol  is  camped  in  a  separate  spot.  The  boys  are  put  "  on 
their  honour "  to  carry  out  orders.  Responsibility  and  competitive 
rivalry  are  thus  at  once  established,  and  a  good  standard  of  development 
is  ensured  throughout  the  troop  from  day  to  day. 


MILITARISM. — Our  training  has  been  often  criticized  for  not 
introducing  more  military  training  into  its  curriculum,  but  we  find 
that  for  many  reasons  that  is  undesirable.  In  the  first  place,  the 
soldier's  training  tends  to  render  him  merely  part  of  a  machine,  whereas 
our  training  of  the  Scouts  is  designed  to  develop  individuality  in  every 


414 


SUPPLEMENT 

way.  Then  again,  many  parents  object,  from  conscientious  motives, 
to  their  sons  being  taught  the  idea  of  fighting  and  bloodshed  at  an  early 
age,  before  they  are  able  to  judge  for  themselves.  Owing  to  our  abstention 
from  military  training,  we  have  the  support  of  a  very  large  number  of 
Nonconformists,  and  even  the  Society  of  Friends. 

RELIGION— Then,  on  our  religious  side,  we  do  not  attempt  to 
teach  the  boys  any  one  form  of  religion.  We  are  inter-denominational, 
and  though  we  expect  every  boy  to  profess  one  form  of  religion  or 
another,  we  are  not  particular  as  to  which  form  he  holds.  Whatever 
it  may  be  we  encourage  him  to  carry  it  into  practice,  and  we  insist 
that  he  should,  as  an  in- 
tegral part  of  his  duty, 
carry  out  one  good  turn  to 
other  people  every  day,  and 
this  puts  into  practice  the 
main  ideas  of  almost  every 
form  of  religion. 


,,,,, 


GIVING    THK    HORS1J    A    KKST. 


CHARACTER.— The 

whole  method  of  training  is 
founded  on  the  idea  of  getting 
the  boy  really  interested  in  his  work,  and  we  divide  it  into  three  aims. 
First,  we  endeavour  to  develop  the  individual  character  of  the  boy.  In 
order  to  obtain  his  badge  as  a  Scout  he  has  to  pass  tests  in  such  particulars 
as  observation,  woodcraft,  cooking,  camping,  pioneering,  swimming,  signal- 
ling, and  other  subjects  which  tend  to  develop  his  resourcefulness, 
self-reliance  and  bodily  strength. 

TWO  HANDICRAFTS. — Secondly,  we  endeavour  to  train  him, 
or  rather  to  persuade  him  to  train  himself,  in  handicrafts  which  may 
be  of  use  to  him  in  giving  him  a  trade  or  profession  later  in  life  and 
not  leave  him  hesitating  on  the  threshold  untrained  and  therefore  liable 
to  join  the  great  horde  of  unemployed.  This  we  effect  by  giving 


415 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

him  badges  of  efficiency  in  over  thirty  different  kinds  of  handicrafts  and 
occupations.  The  response  to  this  idea  has  exceeded  our  expectations, 
and  already  we  have  issued  94,000  badges  of  efficiency. 

COLLECTIVE  PUBLIC  DUTIES.— OUT  third  aim  is  to  develop 
in  the  boy  a  sense  of  duty  to  others  and  to  his  country,  and  thus 
to  give  him  the  highest  ideal  of  citizenship.  We  teach  him,  in  addition 
to  his  doing  a  daily  good  turn,  all  the  methods  of  dealing  with 


ROUND    THIv    CAMP    FIRK. 

accidents  and  different  forms  of  public  service.  Troops  of  boys  are 
specialized  to  perform  such  duties  as  fire  brigade  work,  ambulance, 
messenger  duties,  coast-guarding,  and  missioner's  work  among  the  poor  ; 
and  there  is  an  excellent  response  on  the  part  of  the  boys  to  this  aim. 

The  results  on  the  whole  have  far  exceeded  every  expectation.  The 
movement  has  spread  with  wonderful  rapidity  not  only  over  the  British  Isles, 
but  throughout  the  Empire,  and  has  overflowed  into  most  foreign  countries 
as  well — in  some  cases  on  a  large  scale,  as  in  the  United  States  of  America, 
Russia  and  South  America. 

416 


SUPPLEMENT 

SCOUT  MASTERS.— The  only  obstacle  or  difficulty  at  present  found 
is    that   of   getting   good    Scout    Masters    of   the   right    class    to    command 
the   troops.      We   have    at    the    present   over  7,000   young   men    who   are 
devoting  their  leisure  time  and  their  abilities  to  this  work  of  training  up 
their  younger  brothers,  and  our  great  need  is  more  of  the  same  kind  to 
come  forward  and  take  their  share  in   the  work.     I  have  no  doubt  that 
as  its  methods  and  ideals  become  better  known  there  will  be  no  difficulty 
in  getting  a  large  accession  to  our  force  of  instructors.     We  do  not  want 
everybody,    but   we  do  want  those  of  the   right  stamp,   that    is   to   say, 
manly  young  fellows  of  sporting  instinct  who  have  a   taste   for   the    life 
of  the  wild,  with  a  touch  of  imagination  and  a  spirit  of  patriotism.     I  have 
every  hope  that  before  long  a  very  large  number  will  see  their  way  to  sacrificing 
a  few  hours  of  golf  or  of  watching  football  in  the  greater  game  of  teaching 
the  rising  generation  of  their  fellow-countrymen  the  elements  of  good  citizen- 
ship and  manly  character. 


cc  4'7 


INDUSTRIAL 


CANADA'S     GRAND     TRUNK    RAILWAY    SYSTEM. 

WHEAT:     THE    MAGNET. 

TF  bread  is  the  staff  of  life,  undoubted!}'  the  Canadian  West  with  its 
-*-  rolling  fields  of  wheat  is  the  life-stream  of  the  Empire.  Between 
Winnipeg  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  stretches  one  continuous  wheat  belt, 
1000  miles  in  width,  where  the  golden  grain  is  raised  by  the  millions  of  bushels, 
to  flow  in  a  wide  continuous  river  to  feed  the  teeming  millions  of  Britain. 


W*1  &BHHHHBB1 

WH1CAT  FIEI/D,   NOKOMIS,  SASKATCHEWAN. 


The  main  channel  through  which  the  torrent  of  grain  drives  its  way  east- 
wards through  this  fertile  plain  is  the  grey  streak  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific 
Railway,  the  completion  of  which  to  the  Pacific  seaboard  through  new 


419 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

countries,  the  possibilities  of  which  are  incalculable,  is  changing  the  map  of 
Canada.  The  land  skirting  this  band  of  steel  on  either  side  is  among  the 
finest  the  Dominion  can  offer  on  the  level  prairies,  whether  it  be  for  the  raising 
of  grain,  cattle,  dairy  products,  vegetables,  or  any  other  commodity  pertaining 
to  agriculture,  owing  to  its  extreme  fertility  and  diversified  character.  This 
is  the  country  to  which  emigrants  are  flocking  in  their  thousands  from  all  parts 
of  the  world  ;  the  land  in  which  the  United  States  farmer,  who  is  the  keenest 
agriculturist  extant,  and  who  knows  a  good  thing  when  he  sees  it,  is  settling. 
Yet  although  the  land  contiguous  to  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway  is 
being  occupied  rapidly,  there  is  still  ample  room  for  several  thousand  more 
tillers  of  the  soil. 

The  great  attraction  of  this  country  is  that  the  early  arrival  can  sow 
and  reap  a  crop  in  the  first  year  of  occupation.  There  is  no  clearing  to  be 
carried  out.  All  tha.t  is  required  is  to  set  the  plough  to  work  and  to  sow  the 
grain.  Three  or  four  months  later  the  ground  commences  to  yield  its  wealth. 
The  luxuriant  growth  of  the  prairie  grasses  offers  convincing  testimony  of  the 
nourishing  ingredients  present  in  the  black  loam,  which  are  just  those  food 
stuffs  upon  which  the  grain  flourishes.  Then  again  the  territory  is  well 
watered  by  numerous  wide,  winding  rivers  and  large  lakes.  There  is  no 
need  to  husband  water  carefully  during  the  summer,  nor  occasion  to  incur 
the  heavy  expenses  attending  irrigation.  The  drought  has  no  terrors.  Nature 
completes  her  handiwork  when  the  industry  of  man  has  broken  the  soil  and 
planted  the  seed. 

In  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway  the  settler  has  a  reliable  sheet 
anchor.  This  railway  has  been  built  upon  the  most  up-to-date  principles  of 
engineering.  Its  permanent  way  is  solid,  and  the  rails  are  well  laid,  giving 
a  surface  comparable  with  that  of  an  asphalt  pavement.  The  grades  are 
slight  and  the  curves  are  easy,  so  that  high  travelling  speeds  may  be  obtained 
with  no  discomfort  or  vibration.  The  rolling  stock  is  amongst  the  finest  that 
the  Dominion  can  present  in  regard  to  railway  travel,  being  replete  with  every 
convenience  and  comfort. 

Easy  grades,  slight  curvature,  and  an  excellent  track  mean  the  quickest 
communication  with  the  greatest  and  most  valuable  markets.  About  one 

420 


SUPPLEiMENT 

hundred  towns  have  sprung  into  existence  along  the  route  of  the  railway 
between  Winnipeg  and  Edmonton.  These  communities  are  bustling  and 
growing  hives  of  activity,  so  that  expanding  markets  are  at  the  very  doors  of 
the  farms.  Branch  lines  are  being  driven  right  and  left  of  the  trunk  road, 
tapping  new  districts  and  linking  up  new  and  more  valuable  markets  with 
the  centres  of  production. 

This  bounteous  country  extends  unbrokenly  to  the  slopes  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  The  railway  is  penetrating  this  frowning  rampart,  unlocking  new 
wonders  of  nature  in  regard  to  mountain  scenery  unparalleled  in  majesty  on 
the  North  American  continent,  and  which  will  make  strong  appeal  to  the 
travellers,  to  tap  a  new  and  unexploited  fertile  country  beyond,  the  resources 
of  which,  from  the  farming  point,  have  hitherto  been  unknown.  This  terri- 
tory, rightly  described  as  "  The  New  Garden  of  Canada, "  is  attracting  the 
whole  world  at  the  present  moment,  and  settlers  are  advancing  in  the  van  of 
the  iron  horse  to  bring  the  land  into  bearing  by  the  time  the  band  of  steel  is 
forged. 

This  country,  stretching  in  a  series  of  hill  and  dale  from  the  Rockies  to 
the  Cascades  and  threaded  for  over  500  miles  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Pacific, 
is  in  direct  contrast  to  the  wheat  producing  prairie.  It  recalls  nothing  so 
much  as  the  Weald  of  Kent  and  Sussex  upon  a  gigantic  scale,  and  as  these 
two  counties  are  the  agricultural  backbone  of  Britain  so  is  New  British 
Columbia  destined  to  become  the  farming  pivot  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 
Nestling  between  two  lofty  ranges  of  mountains,  swept  by  the  warm  chinook 
wind  blowing  off  the  Pacific  Ocean,  broken  up  by  numerous  rivers  and  creeks, 
possessing  a  soil  which,  for  the  most  part,  is  of  an  alluvial  character,  rich  in 
Nature's  fertilisers,  it  is  not  surprising  that  everything  grows  in  abundance 
and  to  perfection. 

This  is  the  land  in  which  the  British  farmer  will  revel,  for  it  lends 
itself  to  the  application  of  that  practical  knowledge  which  has  been  acquired 
during  centuries  in  Britain,  to  the  utmost  degree.  The  wild  grasses,  vetches, 
and  timothy  form  an  ideal  food  for  cattle,  and  are  conducive  to  the  production 
of  the  finest  dairying  products.  The  rich  friable  soil,  extending  in  depth 
from  one  to  thirty-two  feet,  provides  ideal  nutriment  for  tuberous  roots,  cab- 

421 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

bages,  peas,  and  beans.  Poultry  farming  can  be  followed  with  a  certainty  of 
reaping  a  rich  reward,  while  hay  grows  in  the  wildest  profusion.  The  physical 
characteristics  of  the  country  are  against  the  practice  of  wheat-raising,  such 
as  is  followed  upon  the  level  prairie,  but  mixed  farming  holds  out  just  as  great 
a  magnet  of  success  as  grain. 

Markets  are  rising  on  all  sides  for  the  immediate  disposal  of  garden 
produce,  and  there  is  every  evidence  that  for  many  years  to  come  the  demand 
will  be  far  in  excess  of  the  supply.  The  railway  is  rapidly  completing  its  con- 
quest, and  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  the  Pacific  seaboard  will  be  con- 
nected with  the  Atlantic  by  another  band  of  steel,  providing  the  rich  interior 
with  further  outlets  for  its  wealth. 

Colonization  is  being  pursued  actively.  This  country  appeals  to  the 
true  farming  instincts.  New  British  Columbia  has  been  lying  dormant  for  too 
many  years,  but  is  awakening  with  a  rapidity  which  is  astonishing  even  for 
the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

HOTEL   LUXURY    IN    CANADA. 

TF  there  is  one  thing  more  than  another  which  makes  a  strong  appeal 
to  the  traveller,  it  is  the  luxury  of  a  palatial  hotel,  combining  every 
possible  refinement,  even  for  the  most  fastidious-tasted,  with  a  cuisine  beyond 
reproach.  The  task  of  exploiting  the  enormous  resources  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada  has  been  so  completely  absorbing  that  the  country  has  lagged 
somewhat  behind  the  other  nations  of  the  world  in  catering  to  the  peculiar 
requisitions  of  the  visitors  within  its  gates. 

Every  succeeding  year  witnesses  an  ever-growing  number  of  travellers 
to  the  Dominion,  either  on  pleasure,  business  or  sightseeing  bent,  and  the 
dearth  of  hotel  accommodation  of  the  character  so  familiar  in  Europe  has 
been  felt  sorely  by  visitors. 

But  this  deficiency  is  now  being  removed.  Canada's  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  which  introduced  the  iron  horse  into  Canada,  is  now  embarking 
upon  an  equally  important  development — the  provision  of  luxurious  hotels 
at  the  various  commanding  centres  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 

422 


SUPPLEMENT 

seaboards.  This  scheme  is  comprehensive  and  imposing  ;  a  chain  of  these 
hostelries  is  to  be  strung  across  the  continent  in  conjunction  with  the 
two  railway  systems — the  Grand  Trunk  and  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  lines, 
respectively. 

The  first  building  was  opened  to  the  public  in  June  this  year,  and  with 
singular  appropriateness  it  has  been  erected  in  the  heart  of  the  Dominion- 
Ottawa.     The  significance  of  the  Capital  City  is  increasing  every  year,  for 
not  only  is  it  the  legislative  hub  of  Canada,  but  it  is  a  growing  commercial 


NEW  GRAND  TRUNK  HOTEL,  CHATEAU  LAURIER,   AND  CENTRAL   PASSENGER  STATION, 
OTTAWA,  CANADA,  OVERLOOKING  THE   FEDERAL    PARLIAMENT   BUILDINGS. 

centre,  while  its  magnificent  surrounding  scenic  beauties  render  it  a  favourite 
spot  with  all  classes  of  travellers. 

The  hotel  occupies  a  commanding  position  in  the  south-west  corner 
of  Major  Hill's  Park,  fronting  the  main  thoroughfare  of  the  city,  and  facing 
the  stately  pile  which  the  railway  company  has  recently  completed  for  its 
railway  station.  Passengers  can  pass  directly  between  the  station  platforms 
and  the  hotel  by  means  of  a  subway  beneath  the  street,  the  provision  of 
which  convenience  will  be  greatly  appreciated. 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

The  outlook  from  the  hotel  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  whole 
country.  On  one  side  rises  that  noble  architectural  pile,  the  Houses  of 
Parliament ;  in  the  background  are  the  verdant  Laurentian  Hills,  while  in 
the  foreground  are  the  broad  blue  waters  of  the  Ottawa  River,  with  the  busy 
timber  town  of  Hull  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  waterway. 

The  exterior  of  the  hotel,  named  the  Chateau  Laurier,  after  the 
ex-Prime  Minister,  is  pleasingly  appropriate,  being  carried  out  in  what  is 
known  as  the  old  French  "  chateau  "  style.  In  fact  it  recalls  the  old  Chateau 
St.  L/ouis  which  formerly  occupied  the  site  upon  which  now  stands  the 
Chateau  Frontenac  at  Quebec.  The  style  certainly  harmonises  with  the 
character  of  the  imposing  buildings  among  which  it  is  set. 

The  internal  appointments  are  of  the  most  elaborate  description, 
every  refinement  of  detail  having  been  introduced  liberally  in  order  to  ensure 
complete  comfort.  The  public  rooms  are  lofty  and  spacious — carried  out 
in  varied  pleasing  schemes  of  decoration.  Lady  visitors  will  appreciate 
the  many  facilities  provided  for  their  especial  delight,  such  as  the  ladies' 
tea,  dining,  and  reception  rooms. 

The  building  is  carried  out  in  eleven  floors  and  the  arrangements  are 
such  that  every  room  has  an  outlook.  There  are  no  fewer  than  350  sleeping 
apartments  for  guests,  250  of  which  are  provided  with  a  private  bathroom. 
A  refinement  which  will  be  very  popular  during  the  summer  months  is  a  wide 
terrace  which  forms  a  magnificent  coign  of  vantage  to  enjoy  the  natural 
beauties  of  the  varied  scenery  of  river,  woodland,  hill  and  dale  stretching  to 
the  Laurentian  Hills.  During  the  summer  months  this  terrace  will  constitute 
a  popular  rendezvous  and  promenade.  The  building  has  cost  no  less  than 
£300,000  exclusive  of  furnishings,  and  it  ranks  as  the  finest  expression  oi 
hotel  art  in  the  Dominion  to-day. 

The  second  unit  in  the  proposed  chain  of  hotels  across  the  continent 
is  in  course  of  construction  at  Winnipeg.  Old  memories  of  the  Cornopolis  are 
revived  by  the  name  which  has  been  given  to  this  hostelry — Fort  Garry 
Hotel.  The  same  luxurious  scheme  of  construction  and  appointment  which 
characterises  the  Chateau  Laurier  in  Ottawa  is  being  reproduced  in  this 
instance.  The  hotel  faces  the  most  prominent  thoroughfare  in  the  city,  and 

424 


SUPPLEMENT 

is  thus  convenient  to  the  commercial  and  financial  centres,  as  well  as  to  the 
fashionable  shopping  district,  while  the  imposing  Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Rail- 
way station  is  within  easy  distance.  By  the  time  this  structure  has  been 
completed,  over  ,£300,000  will  have  been  expended,  exclusive  of  the 
furnishings. 

Both  the  Chateau  lyaurier  and  the  Fort  Garry  hotels  have  been  rendered 
as  fireproof  as  human  ingenuity  and  science  can  contrive,  while  the  internal 
embellishment  represents  the  last  word  in  upholstering  and  decorative  endea- 
vour. Their  popularity  is  assured,  for  they  will  introduce  the  visitor  to  a 
degree  of  lavish  comfort  and  luxury  difficult  to  parallel  even  in  the  most 
fashionable  cities  of  Europe.  Arrangements  have  already  been  completed  for 
the  provision  of  similar  establishments  at  other  suitable  points  along  the 
Grand  Trunk  Pacific  Railway,  including  the  famous  and  unrivalled  beauty 
spots  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  which  are  being  unlocked  by  this 
railway. 


THE     CANADIAN     PACIFIC     RAILWAY, 

greatest  transportation  enterprise  with  which  the  British  race  is  asso- 
ciated  is  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  ;  its  system  consists  of  over 
17,000  miles  of  railway,  practically  all  of  which  has  been  constructed  within 
the  past  thirty  years.  But  the  railway  portion  of  the  undertaking — gigantic 
though  it  is — is  but  one  of  the  many  activities  in  which  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  is  so  busily  employed. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  owes  its  initiation  to  the  desire 
of  the  Canadian  Government  to  develop  the  immense  districts  that  lie 
between  Ontario  and  the  Pacific  coast,  and  to  provide  an  "  all  British  " 
route  across  the  North  American  continent.  The  total  length  of  the 
line  was  2,547  miles,  oi  which  the  Canadian  Government  built  two  sections, 

4-25 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

having  a  length  of  614  miles,  and  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  constructed 
1,933  miles. 

The  Canadian  Government  subsidised  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  by 
a  money  grant  of  about  £5,000,000  and  a  land  grant  of  25,000,000  acres. 

The  line  was  to  have  been  completed  by  May  ist,  1891,  ten  years  after 
operations  commenced,  but  such  remarkable  progress  was  made  with  the 
construction  of  the  line  that,  upon  the  Canadian  Government  advancing  a 
further  four  and  a  half  million  pounds  in  1884,  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
undertook  to  complete  the  line  by  May  ist,  1886,  or  five  years  earlier  than  was 
originally  contemplated.  This  meant  that  the  average  rate  of  construction 
would  be  500  miles  a  year  mostly  through  an  unsurveyed  country,  and 


A   CANADIAN    PACIFIC   TRANS-CONTINENTAL    EXPRESS. 

including  the  crossing  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  This  range  rises  to  about 
12,000  feet  in  Canada,  and  the  railway,  after  climbing  to  an  altitude  of  about 
5,000  feet  at  I,ake  L,ouise,  pierces  the  range,  and  although  the  line  falls 
then  all  the  way  to  Vancouver,  a  distance  of  350  miles,  where  sea-level  is 
reached,  the  fall  in  the  first  150  miles — -from  I/ake  L,ouise  to  Revelstoke— is 
no  less  than  3,500  feet. 

Even  greater  progress  than  that  contemplated  by  the  amended  scheme 
was  made,  the  whole  length  of  railway  being  completed  on  November  7th, 
1885,  when  L,o rd  Strathcona  (then  Sir  Donald  A.  Smith)  drove  the  last  spike 

426 


SUPPLEMENT 

at  Craigellachie,  British  Columbia,  thus  finishing  the  "  all  British  "  railway 
across  the  North  American  continent. 

By  a  supplementary  agreement  made  with  the  Canadian  Government  in 
1886  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  became  under  obligation  to  improve  its  line 
through  the  Rockies  when  called  upon  to  do  so  by  the  Government.  During 
recent  years  much  work  has  been  carried  out  in  improving  the  gradients  of  the 
railway  on  the  section  where  the  gradients  are  most  severe,  the  engineering 


GLACIER:     A    CHARMING    ROCKY    MOUNTAIN    RESORT. 

achievements  being  of  so  remarkable  a  character  that  they  call  for  reference  in 
this  sketch. 

The  incline  of  i  in  22\  for  a  distance  of  over  four  miles  has  given  place 
to  a  line  whose  worst  gradient  is  i  in  45^,  but  the  length  of  this  section  has 
been  more  than  doubled.  Several  tunnels  have  been  constructed  on  the  new 
line.  These  are  of  corkscrew  shape,  so  that  the  train  enters  a  tunnel  at  one 

427 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

end  and  emerges  at  the  other  end  at  almost  the  same  point,  but  on  a  level  of 
forty  feet  or  so  lower.  By  means  such  as  these  the  gradients  have  been  im- 
proved. The  cost  of  the  new  line  was  about  £300,000  for  the  eight  miles,  but 
two  engines  can  now  haul  a  700  ton  train  at  a  speed  of  twenty-five  miles  an 
hour  over  this  section,  whereas  previously  four  locomotives  would  have  been 
required  for  the  load,  and  the  speed  would  not  have  exceeded  six  miles  an  hour. 
By  this  one  improvement  the  saving  in  time  is,  therefore,  twenty  minutes  for 
each  train,  without  reckoning  the  50  per  cent,  reduction  in  the  locomotive 
power  employed. 


CANADIAN"    PACIFIC   ATLANTIC   STEAMER. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  when  originally  constructed,  was,  like 
most  American  railways,  but  a  single  line.  The  traffic  has,  however,  increased 
so  greatly  that  already  long  lengths  of  the  railway  have  been  double  tracked, 
and  among  the  important  additions  and  improvements  now  in  process  of 
execution  are  29  miles  of  second  track  between  Islington  and  Guelph  Junction, 
133  miles  of  additional  second  track  between  Sudbury  and  Port  Arthur,  178 
miles  of  additional  second  track  between  Brandon  and  Calgary,  139  miles 
of  second  track  between  Revelstoke  and  Vancouver.  When  this  work  is 

428 


SUPPLEMENT 

finished  and  the  new  lines  between  Regina  and  Shepard  now  under  construc- 
tion are  finished,  there  will  be  200  miles  of  double  track  between  Stidbury  and 
Port  Arthur,  1,095  miles  of  double  track  between  Port  Arthur  and  Calgary, 
and  158  miles  of  double  track  between  Calgary  and  Vancouver.  Early  in 
1914  work  is  to  be  commenced  on  a  tunnel  through  Mt.  McDonald  in  the 
Selkirk  range  of  mountains,  and  when  completed  this  will  be  the  most 
stupendous  engineering  feat  of  its  kind  on  the  North  American  continent. 
The  vSelkirk  tunnel  will  be  some  five  miles  in  length,  and  will  lower  the  present 
gradient  of  the  railroad  to  a  very  considerable  extent.  It  will  take  four  years 
to  complete,  and  during  that  time  500  men  will  be  employed  upon  the 
necessary  work. 

As  showing  the  remarkable  growth  of  the  Canadian   Pacific  Railway, 
the  following  comparative  statistics  are  convincing  :— 

1886  1913 

Gross  Earnings  . .         £1,673,698         . .         £27,879,200 

Net  Revenue  . .  645,043         . .  9,249,200 

Mileage  .  .  4,315  17,500 

Locomotives     .  .          . .  336         .  .  2,052 

Freight  Cars     .  .  7,835  79>°85 

Steamships        . .          . .  none  . .  76 

Last  year  the  ordinary  passenger  cars  and  colonist  sleeping  cars  numbered 

2,063,  and  there  were,  in  addition,  436  sleeping,  dining,  and  cafe  cars,  whilst 

the  passenger  cars  for  the  officials  and  service  numbered  84.     There  were 

also    1,274   conductors'    vans,    and    no  less  than   5,414  boarding,   tool,  and 

auxiliary  cars  and  steam  shovels. 

The  train  mileage  for  the  year  to  June  30th,  1913,  was  : 
passenger,  22,333,592  ;  freight,  27,611,103,  and  mixed,  1,888,095.  The 
number  of  passengers  carried  during  the  year  was  15,480,934,  the 
average  journey  was  115.51  miles,  and  the  average  fare  2.28  dollars. 
The  passenger  earnings  were  1.75  dollars  per  train  mile.  The  freight 
earnings  per  train  mile  averaged  2.99  dollars,  the  tonnage  conveyed 
being  29,471,814,  the  principal  items  carried  being  8,093,936  barrels 
of  flour,  171,952,738  bushels  of  grain,  1,782,986  head  of  cattle, 

429 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

3,210,306,090  feet  of  timber,  9,519,346  tons  of  manufactured   articles,  and 
over  nine  million  tons  of  other  traffic. 

As  can  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
received  a  large  subsidy  in  the  shape  of  ground  from  the  Canadian  Govern- 
ment, a  large  part  of  its  income  is  derived  from  the  sale  of  farms  along  its 
course.  In  this  connection  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  each  sale  means  the 
planting  of  an  industry  along  the  course  of  the  railway  which  will  produce 


THE    KMPRKSS    HOTEL,    VICTORIA,    BRITISH    COI.UMHIA. 

traffic  for  the  railway  for  all  future  time,  as  when  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway 
sells  a  parcel  of  land  to  a  good  farmer-settler  it  is  just  beginning  its  profitable 
relations  with  him.  For  he  will  in  all  probability  be  a  heavy  shipper  of  grain 
outward  over  its  lines  in  future  years,  and  he  will  occasion  the  shipment  of 
much  merchandise  inward  as  well.  So  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  the 
stockholders  and  the  investing  public  in  general  attach  the  greatest  importance 
to  the  land  asset. 

430 


SUPPLEMENT 

On  June  aoth,  1913,  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  owned  6,287,250 
acres  of  land  in  Manitoba,  Saskatchewan,  and  Alberta,  and  1,697,994  acres 
in  British  Columbia.  In  addition  to  the  original  grant  from  the  Government 
the  company  acquired  lands  through  purchasing  other  railways  which  possessed 
land  grants.  The  interesting  feature  about  these  lands  is  their  steady  rise  in 
value.  In  1905  the  sales  were  509,386  acres  at  an  average  of  4.80  dollars  per 
acre.  In  1909  the  sales  of  similar  lands  were  306,083  acres  at  an  average  of 


THE    EMPRESS     OF    ASIA,    ENGAGED    OX   THE    VANCOUVER-JAPAN-CHINA    SERVICE. 

10.96  dollars.  And  finally  in  1913  the  sales  of  land  were  474,798  acres  at  the 
average  of  15.77  dollars.  This  progressive  rise  in  value  is  most  impressive. 

Without  an  adequate  water  supply,  land  is  unsuitable  for  farming,  and 
large  areas  of  land  owned  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  were  found  to  be 
of  this  character  ;  so  some  years  ago  the  company  determined  to  improve  these 
areas  by  carrying  out  extensive  irrigation  schemes. 

A  sum  of  some  3,000,000  dollars  sufficed  to  irrigate  about  350,000  acres, 
being  the  irrigable  portion  of  the  Western  Block  of  the  arid  lands  in  the 
Province  of  Alberta  belonging  to  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway.  These  lands 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN   THE   CORONATION   YEAR 

were  formerly  considered  to  be  of  little  or  no  value  ;  they  were,  of  course, 
unsaleable.  By  this  expenditure  the  company  was  able  to  sell  a  little  more 
than  one-third  of  the  block  for  more  than  9,000,000  dollars.  The  Western 
Block  of  arid  lands  contains  approximately  995,000  acres,  of  which  642,000 
acres  are  declared  to  be  non-irrigable.  There  are  two  other  blocks — the 
Central  and  the  Eastern — each  containing  approximately  one  million  acres. 
The  irrigation  of  the  Eastern  Block  was  next  taken  in  hand,  and  the  work  of 
irrigating  that  section  is  now  in  active  progress. 

Sir  Thomas  Shaughnessy's  scheme  of  "  Ready  Made "  farms  has 
attracted  world- wide  attention,  and  many  practical  farmers  have  taken  ad- 
vantage of  the  liberal  terms  under  which  a  farm  may  be  purchased  in  the  best 
farming  districts  of  Saskatchewan  and  Alberta  on  an  instalment  basis  spread 
over  a  period  of  twenty  years.  A  comfortable  house  and  barns  for  live  stock 
have  already  been  erected  on  these  farms,  a  well  dug,  the  farm  fenced  and  a 
portion  of  the  land  seeded  to  crop,  so  that  a  farmer  may  go  right  on  to  his  farm 
and  is  saved  all  pioneering  difficulties.  The  Company  also  grants  loans  to 
approved  settlers  for  the  purchase  of  live  stock. 

The  ready-made  farms  in  the  irrigation  districts  are  much  sought  after 
by  British  farmers  ;  each  year  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  has  more  applica- 
tions for  such  farms  than  it  has  farms  to  sell. 

At  central  points  the  Canadian  Pacific  has  established  demonstration 
farms  designed  to  teach  the  newcomers  what  the  land  will  do  and  how  it  is  to 
be  treated.  Everything  it  can  do  to  ensure  that  the  land  will  be  worked 
scientifically  and  profitably  it  does.  The  direct  aim  of  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway  in  prosecuting  this  work  is  of  course  to  benefit  its  stockholders.  But 
any  one  can  see  that  in  thus  looking  after  the  interests  of  its  proprietors,  it  is 
promoting  the  welfare  of  the  Dominion  and  of  the  British  Empire  in  a  most 
important  degree.  It  is  assisting  manfully  to  provide  Canada  with  what  she 
stands  most  in  need  of — population.  It  is  rapidly  transforming  a  desert  into 
land  that  is  capable  of  bearing  the  richest  crops. 

An  important  feature  in  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway's  programme  as 
regards  British  Columbia  has  been  the  opening  up  of  the  Upper  Columbia 
Valley  by  construction  of  the  Kootenay  Central  Railway.  Here  also  the  rail- 

432 


SUPPLEMENT 

way  is  co-operating  with  the  Dominion  and  Provincial  Governments  in  the 
construction  of  an  Automobile  Road  from  Banff  to  Windermere.  The  Kootenay 
Central  Railway  will  link  the  main  line  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  with 
the  Crow's  Nest  branch,  and  will  throw  open  for  settlement  a  rich  agricultural 
district,  into  which  settlers  are  already  thronging. 

No  less  wonderful  than  the  extension  of  the  Railway  system  has  been  the 
growth  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Steamship  services,  for  now,  only  some  thirty 
years  after  it  contracted  on  the  Clyde  for  its  first  three  steamships,  the  company 
owns  no  less  than  seventy-eight  vessels,  including  those  now  under  construction. 
It  operates  its  own  services  on  the  Atlantic  and  on  the  Pacific  in  addition  to 
maintaining  a  service  on  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  British 
Columbia.  If  placed  end  to  end  these  vessels  would  extend  for  three  and  a  half 
miles,  and  the  fleet  employs  12,000  men  ashore  and  afloat  and  consumes  some 
3,000  tons  of  coal  daily. 

It  was  early  in  1883  that  the  company  contracted  on  the  Clyde  for  the 
construction  of  three  steel  screw  steamers  for  service  on  the  Great  Lakes,  and 
on  this  service  they  now  have  five  steamers  running. 

The  next  development  took  place  soon  after  the  transcontinental  railway 
was  linked  up  from  the  eastern  to  the  western  coasts  of  Canada  in  1885,  for  in 
1887  the  C.P.R.  established  its  Pacific  Service  between  Vancouver  and  the  Far 
Bast,  on  which  service  in  1891  were  placed  the  famed  White  Empress  Steam- 
ships the  Empress  of  India  and  Empress  of  Japan,  which  are  still  running.  The 
Empress  of  Russia  and  the  Empress  of  Asia,  two  magnificent  vessels  of  16,850 
tons  and  2 1  knots  speed,  have  recently  been  added  to  this  service,  after  each 
had  made  a  Round  the  World  tour,  and  they  are  now  the  largest  and  fastest 
vessels  on  the  Pacific,  having  reduced  the  length  of  passage  from  Canada  to 
Japan  to  ten  days. 

In  1896  the  British  Columbia  Lake  and  River  Service  was  inaugurated, 
and  in  the  following  year,  owing  to  the  gold-seekers'  rush  to  the  Klondyke,  a 
new  service  was  begun  on  the  British  Columbian  coast,  which  has  since  proved 
so  popular  that  it  has  been  considerably  added  to. 

The  C.P.R.  Atlantic  Service  was  established  as  recently  as  1913,  when  the 
company  bought  from  Messrs.  Elder,  Dempster  &  Co.  fifteen  of  their  finest 

433 

DD 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

steamships  and  established  the  Atlantic  Service  from  Liverpool,  Bristol 
and  London,  extending  in  the  following  year  to  include  Antwerp. 

Everywhere  the  demand  for  passenger  and  freight  accommodation  has 
been  so  heavy  that  new  steamers  are  continually  being  constructed  to  meet 
the  demand,  and  at  present  two  vessels  are  being  built  by  Messrs.  Barclay, 
Curie  &  Co.,  with  passenger  accommodation  for  520  second  class  and  1,200 
third  class  and  cargo  capacity  of  6,000  tons.  These,  like  the  Empress  of 
Russia  and  Empress  of  Asia,  will  be  built  with  cruiser  sterns,  and  will  contain 
every  possible  convenience  for  the  comfort  of  passengers.  They  will  be 
called  the  Missanabie  and  the  Metagama.  Two  new  steamers  are  also  being 
built  for  the  Pacific  Coast  Service,  and  a  new  steamer,  the  St.  George,  has 
recently  been  added  to  the  Atlantic  Coast  Service. 

Considerable  development  has  also  taken  place  in  the  other  industries 
in  which  the  Canadian  Pacific  is  interested.  They  now  own  over  100,000  miles 
of  telegraph  wires,  and  a  magnificent  new  Hotel  at  Calgary,  recently 
opened,  brings  the  number  of  Canadian  Pacific  Hotels  to  nineteen. 


MESSRS.    J.    &   J.    COLMAN,    LD. 

fame  of  this  firm  is  world-wide  in  the  highest  sense,  for  in 
no  spot  in  the  universe,  it  may  be  almost  safely  said,  is  Colman's 
mustard  unknown.  The  familiar  yellow  tins,  depleted  of  their 
contents,  have  been  found  in  the  most  remote  regions,  even  on  the  way 
to  the  North  and  South  Poles,  and  in  the  few  remaining  so-called  savage 
islands.  Six  years  ago  the  great  manufacturing  business  carried  on 
in  Norwich  by  Messrs.  Colman  attained  its  hundredth  birthday.  This 
was  an  event  which  cannot  possibly  be  regarded  as  of  ordinary 
industrial  interest.  There  is  something  about  it  which  does  not  merely 

434 


SUPPLEMENT 


concern  the  Colmans  and  those  who  are  associated  with  them  in  their 
gigantic  enterprises.  Every  one  who  knows  anything  about  the  history 
of  the  firm,  its  lofty  mercantile  traditions  and  its  almost  patriarchal  attitude 
towards  the  labour  it  employs,  will  join,  mentally  at  least,  in  the  general 
congratulations.  The  centenary  marked  an  epoch,  but  not  necessarily  a 
terminal  point,  in  a  career  of  continually  advancing  prosperity.  If  it 
should  be  possible  in  the  next  hundred 
years  to  carry  the  concern  to  propor- 
tionately higher  levels  of  affluence,  no 
one  will  grudge  the  house  of  Colman 
the  necessary  power  to  its  elbow. 

The  business  found  its  beginnings 
in  1804-5  ;  but  it  would  be  necessary 
to  go  back  much  further  than  that  if 
it  were  desirable  to  trace  the  remoter 
associations  of  its  founder's  family 
with  the  agricultural,  the  industrial, 
and  even  the  ecclesiastical  life  of 
Norfolk. 

One  of  his  ancestors,  Jeremiah 
Colman,  was  rector  of  Hethersett 
towards  the  close  of  the  Common- 
wealth period.  If  his  piety  were  at  all 
commensurate  with  the  length  of  his  funeral  sermon,  he  must  have  been 
a  most  exemplary  shepherd  of  his  flock.  A  copy  of  that  deliverance, 
which  was  uttered  on  February  i8th,  1659,  is  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum.  It  comprises  forty  thousand  words,  which  is  equivalent  to 
twenty  columns  of  The  Times,  and  must  have  taken  more  than  six 
hours  to  deliver.  It  develops  the  cheerful  theory  that  death  is  a  punish- 
ment to  those  whom  it  befalls,  and  a  warning  to  those  whom  it  spares. 
Unhappily  for  the  purposes  of  the  biographer,  the  sermon  is  reticent  about 
the  virtues  of  the  lamented  rector.  It  was  by  another  Jeremiah,  a  name 
which,  with  its  variant  Jeremy,  is  of  constant  recurrence  in  the  family 


JEREMIAH   COLMAN,  ESQ., 

I'iniiulcY  of  the  l-'irm. 


435 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


records,  that  the  present  business  was  founded.  Born  in  1777,  "  Old " 
Jeremiah,  as  he  is  commonly  called  for  very  necessary  distinctive 
reasons,  learned  his  business  as  a  miller  at  Bawburgh.  In  1804  he 
purchased  a  windmill  on  the  eastern  side  of  Magdalen  Road,  Norwich, 
and  he  continued  there  till  he  was  in  a  position  to  put  his  fortunes  to 
a  larger  test.  In  1814  he  acquired  a  mill  six  miles  from  Norwich,  at  Stoke 
Holy  Cross,  where  in  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  a  Mr.  Denny 

was  carrying  on  the  manufacture  of 
paper.  To  him  had  succeeded  a  Mr. 
Ames,  who  in  a  small  way  was  manu- 
facturing mustard.  vSeen  in  the  light 
of  after  events  the  problem  which 
presented  itself  to  "Old  Jeremiah"  was 
fraught  with  tremendous  issues.  vShould 
he  continue  the  making  of  mustard, 
or  should  he  revive  the  old  paper  in- 
dustry ?  He  shrewdly  decided  in  favour 
of  mustard.  He  metaphorically  "took 
and  sowed  in  his  field  "  a  grain 
of  mustard,  which  in  the  parable  is 
likened  unto  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven. 
He  was  a  far-seeing  man  ;  but  not 
even  he  could  have  foreseen  how  great 
was  to  be  the  increase  thereof. 
Unimaginable  to  him,  also,  must  have  been  the  development  which  the 
business  was  to  undergo  on  its  flour-milling  side.  In  the  womb  of  the 
future  lay  the  self-rising  principle,  which,  when  it  came  into  vogue, 
Carrow  was  not  slow  to  adopt.  Compared  with  the  present  output 
of  the  article  as  so  manufactured,  to  say  nothing  of  the  enormous 
quantity  of  flour  in  bulk,  the  flour-milling  achievements  of  Stoke  shade 
off  into  utter  insignificance.  The  developing  business  demanded  more 
attention  than  even  "Old  Jeremiah"  was  able,  though  willing,  to  give. 
Having  no  children  he  took  one  by  one  his  nephews,  James, 

436 


ROBERT  COLMAN,  ESQ., 
Brother  of  the  Founder. 


SUPPLEMENT 


Jeremiah,    and    Edward    into    partnership,    leaving    them    in    charge    of 
the   business. 

On  the  death  of  James  Colman  a  new  and  powerful  influence  came 
into  the  business.  His  son,  Jeremiah  James,  had  not  up  till  then  concerned 
himself  greatly  with  its  affairs.  Thenceforward  he  took  up  his  father's 
responsibilities  with  energy  and  zeal.  As  he  still  comes  within  the  recent 
memories  of  Norwich,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  of  him  that  he  was  a 
merchant  prince  of  the  best  type,  a 
born  captain  of  industry.  It  is  largely 
to  his  skill  and  initiative,  backed  up 
as  they  were  by  corresponding  qualities 
in  the  London  partners,  that  the  won- 
derful subsequent  advance  of  the  firm 
is  to  be  attributed. 

To  the  quality  of  the  article  sold 
he  attached  the  utmost  importance. 
It  was  a  maxim  with  him  that  a 
well-founded  reputation  for  purity  and 
value  in  merchandise  is  the  corner- 
stone of  prosperous  commerce ;  and 
he  applied  that  principle  with  the 
utmost  care  to  every  department  of  the 
Carrow  manufactures.  The  measure 
of  his  success  in  that  particular  is 

writ  largely  in  the  history  of  the  Continental  and  Colonial  Exhibitions  of 
the  last  fifty  years.  At  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1878  he  was  decorated 
with  the  Cross  of  the  I/egion  of  Honour.  The  Grand  Prix  fell  to  a 
Carrow  exhibit  in  1900 ;  and  the  other  trophies  standing  to  the  credit 
of  the  firm — gold,  silver,  and  other  medals  won  at  Moscow,  Vienna, 
Melbourne,  Brussels,  and  lyondon — number  nearly  fifty.  In  later  years 
the  firm  has  ceased  to  exhibit,  making  exceptions  at  the  Franco- 
British,  1908,  and  Jap  an- British,  1909,  where,  again,  they  secured  the 
Grand  Prix.  lyike  Alexander,  the  Carrow  products  find  no  fresh  fields  to 


JEREMIAH    JAMES    COUIANT,    ESQ. 


437 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


SIR  JliRlvMIAH  COWMAN,   BAUT., 
Chairman. 


conquer.       Besides,     the     competitive 

significance  of  international  exhibitions 

stands    no    longer  where   it   did  ;    and 

Carrow  can  afford  to  ignore  them. 

Carrow     covers     over     a     million 

square  feet  of   flooring,   and  over   ten 

million    cubic     feet    of     building.       It 

stands  on  upwards  of  thirty-seven  acres, 

as  compared  with  one  or  two  in  the  old 

Stoke  days.      It  then  employed  about 

two   hundred  hands  ;     and    now    they 

are  swollen  to  more  than  three   thou- 
sand,    if     the     staffs     at     Yarmouth, 

Cannon   Street,    L,ondon,    and   Bethnal 

Green  be  included. 

The    firm    is    now   administered    as 

a    limited    liability    company.     Its    present    directors    are    Sir     Jeremiah 

Colman,  Bart.,  Chairman  ;  Mr.  Russell 
J.  Colman,  D.L,.,  the  Right  Hon.  James 
Stuart,  P.C.,  Mr.  F.  Gordon  I)  Colman, 
Mr.  Frank  A.  Bellville,  and  Mr. 
Jeremiah  Colman. 

Nearly  everything  the  Columns 
need  they  make.  Tin,  wood,  iron,  print, 
electricity,  and  a  hundred  other  things 
enter  into  the  compound  of  their 
tremendous  activities.  Tin  boxes,  plain 
and  ornamental,  by  millions ;  cardboard 
boxes  also  by  the  million  ;  packing 
cases  varying  in  length  from  inches  to 
yards,  by  the  million ;  casks  in  infinite 
variety — everything  in  a  highly-organ- 
RTJSSEXL  j.  COUIAN*.  ESQ.,  D.L.,  j.p.  ised  department  of  its  own.  There  is  a 


43« 


SUPPLEMENT 


TIIK  RIGHT  Hox.  JAMKS  STUART,  P.C. 


fire  service  which  with  its  floats   and 

steamers  and  its   May-Oatway  system 

excels  the  equipment  of  many  a  large 

municipality.     The  place,  as  a  whole, 

is   a   triumph   of  organisation,  to   the 

stranger  a  trifle  stunning  and  bewilder- 
ing withal.  The  King  and  other 

members  of  the  Royal  Family,  includ- 
ing quite  recently  the  young  Princes 

Edward  and  Albert,  have  inspected  it ; 

and    many    are    the    conferences    and 

congresses    of    one   sort   and   another, 

whose  members,    on  visiting  Norwich, 

have  besought  the  privilege  of  making 

the  round  of  it.     As  a  hive  of  industry, 

with  its  incessant  roar  and  rattle  of 

machinery,  Carrow  is  wonderful  enough.  But  what  is  still  pleasanter  to 

contemplate  is  the  philanthropy  and 
humanity  by  which  its  atmosphere  is 
interfused.  As  between  the  heads  of 
the  firm  and  all  these  battalions  and 
regiments  of  busy  men  and  women  it 
would  be  impossible  to  preserve  that 
semi-paternal  relationship  which  vised 
to  exist  at  Stoke.  But  the  old 
tradition  still  rules.  It  is  traceable  in 
the  splendid  liberality  of  the  new 
pension  scheme,  and  in  a  complex 
variety  of  organisations  designed  to 
brighten  and  alleviate  the  worker's  lot . 
There  are  ladies  employed  to  look 
after  the  girls,  and  there  is  a  home 
F.  GORDON  COUIAX,  ESQ.  for  such  of  them  as  have  no  home 


439 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


of  their  own.  The  sick  are  systematically  visited,  and  a  medical  officer 
is  constantly  at  their  disposal.  There  is  a  highly  perfected  ambulance 
department  in  which  cases  of  accident,  happily  not  frequent,  receive 
first  aid. 

It  would  be  too  long  a  story  to  describe  the  dispensary,  the  clothing 
club,  the  mid-day  rest  grounds,  the  splendid  Club  House  with  its  large  lecture 
halls,  billiard  rooms,  gymnasium,  playing-fields,  bowling-green,  etc.,  and 

everything  else  that  exists  for  the 
convenience  of  the  working  staff.  But 
a  word  of  mention  may  be  given  in 
passing  to  the  kitchen,  where  a  couple 
of  trained  lady  cooks,  with  a  corps  of 
helpers,  turn  out  daily  a  menu  such 
as  the  individual  workman  could  not 
procure  for  four  or  five  times  the  price 
charged. 

So  far  we  have  treated  of  the 
works  themselves,  and  of  such  human- 
ities as  are  practised  actually  within 
the  gates.  It  would  make  a  much 
longer  story  to  tell  of  the  several 
enterprises  with  which  the  workpeople 
are  followed  even  to  their  homes,  in 
order  that  they  may  be  surrounded  with  all  the  concomitants  of  decent 
and  cleanly  living. 

The  late  Mr.  J.  J.  Colman  bequeathed  an  annual  charge  of  £2,000 
upon  his  estate  to  be  continued  for  twenty  years,  and  to  be  regarded 
as  distinct  from  any  benefactions  that  the  Company  might  devise.  With 
this  money  widows  are  helped  and  employes  and  ex-employes  are 
relieved  when  infirmity  or  illness  overtakes  them.  It  defrays  the  cost 
of  such  operations  or  special  medical  treatment  as  they  may  require,  and 
if  need  be  sends  them  when  convalescent  to  the  seaside  or  the 
country. 


PRANK    BELVIIJ.E,   ESQ. 


440 


SUPPLEMENT 

"Old"  Jeremiah  Colman,  as  he  is  still  endearingly  called  at  Carrow, 
was  Sheriff  and  Mayor  of  Norwich.  James  Colman  was  Sheriff  of 
Norwich.  Jeremiah  James  Colman  was  Sheriff,  Mayor,  and  for  twenty- 
four  years  Member  of  Parliament  for  Norwich.  Russell  James  Colman, 
a  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  the  County  of  Norfolk,  has  been  Sheriff 
and  Mayor  of  Norwich,  and  High  Sheriff  of  Norfolk  ;  and  Sir  Jeremiah 
Colman,  Bart.,  of  Gatton  Park,  the  present  Chairman  of  the  Directors, 
is  a  Deputy-Lieutenant  for  Surrey,  was  High  Sheriff  of  the  County 
in  1893,  is  one  of  His  Majesty's  Lieutenants  of  the  City  of  London, 
was  Master  of  the  Skinners'  Company  in  1899-1900,  and  is  a  Director 
of  the  Commercial  Union  Assurance  Company,  Ld. 

Messrs.  J.  &  J.  Colman,  Limited,  are  an  honourable  and  diligent  firm. 
Este  perpetua  ! 


MESSRS.   f.   S.    FRY  &   SONS,   Li). 

'"T^HROUGHOUT  the  world  "Fry's  of  Bristol"  is  known  as  the  synonym  for 
-•-  cocoa  and  chocolate  in  their  purest  and  most  delicious  forms.  The 
history  of  the  cocoa  trade  in  this  country  is  the  history  of  the  colossal  business 
of  Messrs.  J.  S.  Fry  &  Sons,  lyd.,  of  Bristol.  It  is  the  oldest  firm  of 
chocolate  and  cocoa  manufacturers,  for  letters  patent  were  granted  to 
the  ancestor  of  the  present  generation  of  the  family  by  King  George  II. 
in  1729. 

Amongst  the  young  and  enthusiastic  followers  of  George  Fox,  the 
founder  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  was  Zephaniah  Fry,  who  was  born 
in  1658,  and  therefore  thirty-four  years  after  his  leader.  John  Fry, 
his  son  (a  sturdy  Quaker,  like  his  father  before  him),  found  a  haven  of 
rest  at  Sutton  Benger,  in  Wiltshire,  whence  his  son,  Joseph  Fry,  the 
"ingenious"  and  many-sided,  migrated  in  the  earlier  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century  to  Bristol,  at  that  time  a  city  of  so  much  importance 

441 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


that  Queen  Anne  had  declared  that  she  did  not  realise  what  it  was  to 
be  Queen  of  England  till  she  had  seen  the  great  metropolis  of  the  west 
and  enjoyed  its  hospitality.  Shortly  after  arriving  at  Bristol,  Joseph  Fry 
entered  the  medical  profession  ;  but  he  soon  showed  himself  a  man  of 
versatile  capacity,  and  up  to  1787  there  were  few  spheres  of  Bristol  industry 
in  which  his  personal  influence  did  not  make  itself  felt.  His  knowledge  of 

chemistry  proved  of  invaluable 
assistance  to  Champion  in  the 
establishment  of  the  famous 
china  factory,  the  wares  of 
which  are  now  often  worth 
much  more  than  the  traditional 
weight  in  gold.  He  became, 
as  well,  one  of  the  proprietors 
of  the  successful  type-founding 
business  known  as  that  of  Fry 
and  Pine,  which  was  removed 
to  London  in  1770  and  pros- 
pered exceedingly  under  the 
ctgis  of  his  son,  Edmund  Fry, 
M.I).  Fry  and  Pine  eventually 
became  "letter  founders  to  the 
Prince  of  Wales,"  and  in  1788 
the  "  Cicero  Press "  began  to 
turn  out  some  of  the  fine 
works  which  bear  its  imprint.  Dr.  Joseph  Fry's  technical  skill  was  also 
successfully  utilised  in  the  creation  of  the  thriving  soap  and  candle-making 
business  carried  on  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Samuel  Fripp. 

But  it  was  his  work  as  founder  of  the  great  cocoa  firm  bearing  his  name 
that  earned  for  him  his  chief  title  to  fame.  He  began  the  manufacture  of  cocoa 
and  chocolate  on  a  small  scale  almost  as  soon  as  he  arrived  in  Bristol,  and 
many  years  before  he  became  a  Freeman  of  the  City,  and  the  "  Bristol 
Journal  "  announced  that  the  "  ingenious  "Mr.  Joseph  Fry  "  is  removed  from 


JOSEPH   RTORRS   FRY,    ESQ., 
Chairman  of  J .  S.   Fry  <~  Sons,  Ld. 


442 


SUPPLEMENT 

Small  Street  to  a  house  opposite  Chequer  I^ane  in  Narrow  Wine  Street,  where 
he  makes  and  sells  chocolate  as  usual."  Somewhat  later  an  advertisement 
in  the  same  paper  announced  that  "  Churchman's  Patent  Chocolate 
is  now  made  by  Joseph  Fry  and  John  Vaughan,  jun.,  the  said  Church- 


(-p  f      ._  -    !A.  f'^t 


by  permission  of  Messrs.   Wilson,  Hiirtncll  (*-:  Co.,  Dublin. 

FIRST   INVESTITURE    OP   THE    "ORDER    OF    ST.    PATRICK." 

The  Investiture  took  place   at   Dublin  in    1783,  a:id  before  the   Knights-Founders  separated,   Fry's  "Chocolate  in  Silver  Bowls' 
was  served  as  a  "fortifier  against   the  chill   March   Winds." 

man's  executor,  the  present  sole  proprietors  of  the  famous  Water 
Engine  at  the  Castle  Mills."  In  1763  Mr.  Fry  had  a  house  and  shop 
in  Wine  Street,  "  next  door  to  the  Crispin  Inn";  but  in  1777,  soon 
after  the  construction  of  Union  Street,  he  announced  his  removal  there, 

443 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 

"opposite  the  upper  gate  of  St.  James's  Market,  where  he  keeps  his  shop 
for  the  sale  of  Churchman's  Patent,  and  other  sorts  of  Chocolate,  Nibs, 
and  Cocoa." 

Such  was  the  modest  beginning  of  this  vast  undertaking.  The  firm  is 
still  in  Union  Street,  and  Union  Street  is  its  official  address.  But  in  its  growth 
the  mammoth  factory  has  absorbed  a  whole  labyrinth  of  streets,  churches, 
shops,  and  dwellings  existing  at  that  day. 

The  Bristol  works  of  Messrs.  J.  S.  Fry  &  Sons  comprise  eight 
great  buildings  and  employ  more  than  5,000  hands.  The  purity  and 
excellence  of  their  chocolate  and  cocoas  have  won  more  than  300  Grands 
Prix,  Gold  Medals,  and  Diplomas  in  open  and  international  competition, 
and  in  the  course  of  the  long  history  of  nearly  two  centuries  the  firm  has 
received  many  marks  of  Royal  favour.  Her  late  Majesty  Queen  Victoria 
in  the  early  part  of  her  reign  appointed  Messrs.  Fry  and  Sons  by 
Special  Warrant  Manufacturers  of  Chocolate  and  Cocoa  to  the  Royal 
House. 

His  late  Majesty  King  Edward,  whose  warrant  as  Prince  of  Wales  the 
firm  held  for  nearly  forty  years,  confirmed  the  appointment  after  he  ascended 
the  Throne. 

His  Majesty  King  George  V.,  whose  warrant  they  held  as  Prince  of  Wales, 
has  honoured  them  with  his  Royal  brief  as  King,  as  have  also  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen,  Her  Majesty  Queen  Alexandra,  Her  Majesty  Queen  Margherita  of  Italy, 
Their  Majesties  the  King  and  Queen  of  Spain,  and  Their  Majesties  The  King 
and  Queen  of  the  Hellenes.  A  similar  mark  of  Royal  favour  came  long  ago 
from  France,  when,  in  1867,  the  late  Emperor  Napoleon  by  a  special  brevet 
appointed  them  Manufacturers  of  Chocolate  and  Cocoa  to  the  Imperial  House  ; 
and  Messrs.  Fry  have  still  the  honour — one  that  they  prize  very  highly — of 
numbering  Her  Imperial  Majesty  the  Empress  Eugenie  among  their  illustrious 
patrons. 

This  record  of  honours  is  as  magnificent  as  it  is  unique.  It  is  a  tribute 
how  after  nearly  two  hundred  years'  competitive  industry  the  firm  of  Fry's 
is  still  foremost,  that  while  advancing  with  the  times  and  adopting  and  initiat- 
ing the  most  modern  methods  and  machinery,  it  has  maintained  undeviatingly 

444 


SUPPLEMENT 

its  standard  of  the  highest  purity  and  quality  in  its  goods  and  the 
fullest  value  for  money.  Whatever  bears  the  name  of  "Fry's"  is  of 
the  best.  By  no  other  means  could  the  firm  have  so  triumphantly 
stood  the  test  of  time. 


MESSRS.   CHARLES  LANCASTER  &  CO.,   LD. 


>  i^HIS  world-renowned  firm  of  gunmakers  was  founded  in  the  year  1826 
•*•  by  Charles  Lancaster,  the  famous  barrel-maker,  who  had  previously 
worked  for  the  celebrated  Joe  Manton,  George  Fullard  and  other  well-known 
makers  of  the  day.  He  was  the  practical  adviser,  and  also  the  friend,  of  mam* 
of  these  old-time  sportsmen,  including  the  famous  Colonel  Hawker,  and  it 
was  principally  owing  to  the 
latter's  advice  and  encourage- 
ment that  he  decided  to  start 
for  himself  in  that  year  at  151, 
New  Bond  Street,  W.  Here 
the  foundations  of  the  firm 
were  laid,  and  with  the  assis- 
tance of  his  two  sons,  Charles 
William  Lancaster  and  Alfred 
Lancaster,  the  connections  of 
the  house  were  steadily  built 
up.  At  his  death  in  1847,  his 
two  sons  carried  on  the  busi- 
ness until  1859,  when  the 
partnership  was  dissolved,  and 
Charles,  the  elder  brother,  took 
over  the  interest.  In  the  year 
1869,  Mr.  Henry  A.  A.  Thorn,  HENRY  A.  A.  THORN,  ESQ. 


4-45 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


the  present  head  of  the  firm,  joined  Mr.  C.  W.  Lancaster  as  an  apprentice 
for  six  years,  in  order  to  learn  the  art  of  gunniaking  at  the  bench,  with  the 
view  of  his  subsequently  becoming  a  partner  in  the  business.  Negotiations 
were  being  arranged  for  this  partnership,  but  the  untimely  death  of  Mr. 
Lancaster  in  1878  intervened  before  they  were  completed.  Mr.  Thorn 
then  purchased  the  business  and  became  sole  proprietor  of  the  firm. 

In  1892  the  business  which 
Mr.  Alfred  Lancaster  had  been 
carrying  on  in  opposition  to  the 
original  house,  first  at  South 
Audley  Street  and  then  at  Green 
Street,  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Thorn,  who  then  took  over  his 
entire  connection  and  stock. 
Thus  the  old  business  of  Lan- 
caster was  once  more  amalga- 
mated and  became  intactly 
carried  on  in  the  original 
premises  in  New  Bond  Street. 
In  1904  the  business  was  trans- 
ferred by  Mr.  Thorn  to  larger 
and  more  convenient  premises 
at  ii,  Panton  Street,  Hay- 
market,  S.W.,  its  present 
address. 

In  1904  Mr.  Thorn's  son,  George  F.  Thorn,  Esq.,  was  apprenticed  to  the 
firm  in  the  same  way  as  his  father  had  been,  so  as  to  acquire  a  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  the  trade.  He  now  assists  his  father  in  the  general 
management  of  the  business. 

In  addition  to  numerous  honours  received  from  Foreign  Royalties 
and  noblemen,  the  firm  has  the  honour  of  Warrants  of  Appointment  to 
H.R.H.  the  late  Prince  Consort,  H.M.  the  late  Queen  Victoria,  H.M.  the  late 
King  Edward  VII.,  and  also  to  H.M.  King  George  V.  During  the  Royal 

446 


GEORGE   F.   THORN,    ESQ. 


SUPPLEMENT 

visit  for  big  game  shooting  to  Nepal,  described  in  this  volume,  one  of  His 
Majesty's  favourite  weapons  was  the  celebrated  Lancaster  -280  high  velocity 
hammerless  rifle,  which  has  also  been  supplied  to  T.R.H.  The  Prince  of  Wales 
and  Prince  Albert.  The  firm  are  also  the  inventors  and  patentees  of  "  The 
Colindian"  Oval-bore  Ball  and  Shot  gun,  the  "  Under-and-Over "  gun  and 
the  Three-barrel  hammer  and  hammerless  combined  shot  gun  and  rifle,  and 
have  been  awarded  no  fewer  than  seventy-two  first-class  prizes,  medals 
and  diplomas  for  their  various  weapons. 

Shooting  School. — This  very  brief  account  of  the  firm's  enterprise 
would  be  incomplete  without  some  mention  of  their  new  Shooting  School, 
which  has  recently  been  opened  at  Uxendon,  near  Preston  Road  Station, 
about  twenty  minutes  by  electric  train  from  Baker  Street.  These  grounds 
are  picturesquely  situated  in  the  midst  of  undulating  and  well-wooded 
country.  The  club-house,  a  country  residence  adapted  and  equipped  for  the 
purposes  of  a  country  club,  is  an  adjunct  which  adds  materially  to  the  attrac- 
tions of  the  place.  The  equipment  includes  a  high  tower  of  120  feet,  with 
intermediate  stages,  from  which  clay  "  birds  "  can  be  thrown  at  any  height 
required.  Butts  for  practice  at  driven  grouse,  plantations  and  hedges  for 
imitations  of  driven  partridges  and  high  pheasants,  cover  for  walking-up, 
and  all  the  facilities  for  the  teaching  and  practice  of  game  shooting  are  to  be 
found  in  this  picturesque  spot,  which,  though  comparatively  secluded,  is 
within  half-an-hour's  motor  drive  of  the  West  End  of  London. 


MESSRS.    J.    LYONS    &    COMPANY,    LD. 

OIR  JOSEPH  LYONS  was  born  in  London  in  the  year  1849,  and  was 
^  educated  at  the  Borough  Jewish  Schools,  and  afterwards  at  a 
private  academy. 

For  many  years  he   followed   the   profession  of   water-colour    artist, 
and  was  successful  in   disposing  of   his   works  at   various  exhibitions,    the 


447 


GREAT    BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


first  being  at  the  Royal  Institution,  where  his  pictures  were  sold  at  the  private 
view  to  Sir  Spencer  Wells,  Surgeon  to  the  late  Queen  Victoria,  another  of  his 
best  patrons  being  the  late  Admiral  Eardley-Wilmot,  who  was  in  command 

of  the  Channel  Fleet. 

Sir  Joseph  is  possess- 
ed of  strong  imagination, 
and  in  addition  to  his 
being  the  inventor  of 
"  Venice  in  London," 
which  was  produced  in 
1891,  he  has  written 
several  successful  novels 
in  collaboration  with  Mr. 
Cecil  Raleigh,  the  well- 
known  dramatist. 

His  advent  into  the 
catering  world  was  the 
result  of  observation.  He 
concluded  that  great  for- 
tunes were  made  by  men 
who  discovered  some 
simple  universal  want  as 
yet  unsupplied  by  their 
fellow  men,  and  who  knew 
how  to  supply  it.  It 
dawned  upon  him  at 
once  when  he  was  suffer- 
ing the  usual  tribulation 
of  the  consumer  in  a 
dirty,  stuffy  little  restaur- 
ant in  lyondon,  that  great 
things  were  in  store  for 
the  man  who  could  give 


Tlie  Timer  Street  Sttir!ir>s. 


SIR    JOSEPH    LYONS. 


448 


SUPPLEMENT 

the  people  good  food  and  drink,  clean  and  cheap,  in  pleasing  surroundings. 
He   set   to   work  at   once  to  do  it,  and  has  done  it  to  this  day. 

It  may  well  be  remembered  that  in  those  days  the  majority  of  refresh- 
ment-houses were  kept  by  Swiss  or  other  foreign  caterers.  They  were  small, 
being  limited  to  the  capacities  of  the  cooking  and  serving  by  the  proprietor 
and  his  wife,  with  perhaps  one  or  two  waiters.  They  were  dark,  stuffy  little 
places,  and  in  many  cases  not  too  clean.  The  food  supplied  was  in  quality 
poor,  and  the  cooking  worse. 

The  city  clerk  who  wanted  a  "snack"  had  to  pay  extravagantly 
for  a  cup  of  so-called  coffee  or  tea  and  a  bun,  with  a  gratuity  to  the 
waiter,  while  if  he  could  not  afford  this  he  was  compelled,  as  the  only 
alternative,  to  adjourn  to  the  public-house. 

All  this  has  been  changed.  A  positive  revolution  has  taken  place 
in  the  habits  of  the  people— brightness  and  light,  music  and  flowers,  civility 
and  cleanliness. 

All  these  were  indispensable  elements  of  the  building  up  of  his  business. 
Sir  Joseph  L,yons  has  had  considerable  experience  of  Exhibition  catering, 
his  Company  being  sole  caterers  to  the  great  White  City,  Crystal  Palace  and 
Olympia,  and  with  their  innumerable  white  and  gold  shops,  the  Trocadero 
Restaurant,  Throgmorton,  Popular,  Corner  House,  Blenheim  and  Birkbeck 
Restaurants,  they  employ  something  like  12,000  people.  In  addition  they 
are  sole  caterers  to  the  L,ondon,  Chatham  and  Dover  Railway,  and  are  now 
spreading  their  establishments  all  over  the  Provinces. 

Sir  Joseph  has  recently  had  the  honour  of  knighthood  conferred 
upon  him  by  His  Majesty  the  King,  and  is  one  of  His  Majesty's  Deputy - 
lyieutenants  for  the  County  of  I,ondon. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  General  Purposes  Committee  of  the  Territorial 
Association,  and  is  Chairman  of  that  Association's  Sports  Committee,  his 
scheme  for  which  has  been  most  successful. 

He  is  also  Chairman  of  the  Strand  Palace  Hotel,  where  the  "no  tip" 
system  is  rigorously  carried  out,  and  which  has  proved  such  a  complete  success. 
Sir  Joseph,  on  behalf  of  his  firm,  holds  a  Royal  Warrant  and  is  caterer 
to  His  Majesty  King  George  V. 

449 

EE 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN   THE   CORONATION   YEAR 

MESSRS.    JAMES    PURDEY    &    SONS 

^"T^HE  business  of  Messrs.  James  Purdey  &  Sons,  founded  a  century  ago  by 
-*-  James  Purdey,  the  grandfather  of  the  present  partners,  has  from  its 
commencement  held  the  highest  position  as  manufacturers  of  sporting  guns  and 
rifles.  For  three  generations  the  Purdey  gun  and  rifle  have  been  known  and 
appreciated  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  during  that  period  the  progress  of  the 

house  of  Purdey  has  been  very 
largely  the  history  of  the  gun- 
making  industry,  so  prominent 
has  this  firm  been  in  the 
initiation  and  perfecting  of 
those  improvements  which 
have  led  to  the  evolution  of  the 
modern  sporting  weapon  from 
the  flint-lock  muzzle-loader  of 
100  years  ago.  If  it  is  un- 
usual for  this  firm  to  advertise 
the  qualities  and  advantages 
of  their  weapons  it  is  because 
they  have  been,  and  are,  in 
the  exceptionally  happy  posi- 
tion of  being  able  to  rely  on 
the  patronage  from  father  to 
son  of  a  world-wide  clientele. 
The  Royal  Family  of  England 

is  one  of  many  families  of  which  four  generations  have  been  users 
of  this  firm's  productions.  In  the  earlier  days  of  the  reign  of  Her 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria,  the  late  James  Purdey  and  his  father  were 
present  in  Buckingham  Palace  Grounds  at  the  sighting  of  a  Purdey 
rifle  made  for  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Consort,  and  the  present 
members  of  the  firm  frequently  have  the  honour  of  attending  on  His 
present  Majesty  and  his  sons,  as  they  and  their  father  used  to  do  on 


JAMES  PURDEY,  ESQ., 

Founder  o]  the  Firm. 


450 


SUPPLEMENT 


His  Majesty  King  Edward,  all  of  whom  have  used  Purdey  weapons  almost 
exclusively. 

In  the  visits  of  His  Majesty  King  George  to  India,  where  he 
enjoyed  such  fine  sport  and  showed  what  a  very  fine  shot  he  is, 
weapons  by  Messrs.  Purdey  &  Sons  were  used,  and  both  in  1905 
and  1912  almost  all  His  Majesty's  tigers  and  rhinos  were  shot 
with  his  Purdey  rifles,  which 
he  highly  values. 

The  productions  of  the  firm 
have  always  been  the  highest 
quality  guns  and  rifles,  the 
greatest  care  being  taken  not 
only  with  their  strength  and 
shooting  powers,  but  also 
with  their  handiness  and 
balance,  and  even  when  the 
high  velocity  rifles,  firing  large 
charges  of  cordite,  came  into 
vogue  Messrs.  Purdey  suc- 
ceeded in  producing  very  handy 
weapons  which  from  their 
balance  concealed  their  actual 
weight  in  handling.  This  very 
valuable  quality  is  greatly 
appreciated  by  big  game  shoot- 
ers, and  is  a  feature  of  all  Purdey  nitro  rifles ;  but  perhaps  the  best  liked 
of  all  is  the  special  light  .400  bore  Cordite  rifle,  a  beautifully  balanced 
weapon  weighing  no  more  than  a  heavy  shot  gun,  yet  so  powerful  that 
with  one  of  them  His  Majesty  the  King-Emperor  shot  nearly  all  his  tigers 
during  his  two  Indian  tours.  For  rhinos  the  weapon  used  by  His  Majesty 
was  a  very  powerful  and  well-balanced  rifle  of  larger  bore  similar  to 
the  .465  which  Messrs.  Purdey  supply  especially  for  big  game  shooting 
in  India. 


JAMES    PURDEY,    ESQ. 


GREAT   BRITAIN    IN    THE    CORONATION    YEAR 


Although  the  majority  of  their  weapons  are  simple  in  ornamentation  with 
fine  engraving,  Messrs.  Purdey  have  also  for  many  years  turned  out  weapons 
which  are  true  works  of  art  as  regards  richly  chased  ornamentation.  This 
style  of  decoration  particularly  appeals  to  the  highly  artistic  tastes  of  Indian 
Princes,  many  of  whom  are  possessors  of  Purdey  weapons  of  this  type. 

Amongst  users  of  guns  no  class  is  more  exacting  than  pigeon-shooters, 
and  probably  no  shooter  makes  so  great  and  so  discriminating  a  study  of  the 

weapon  he  uses  as  the  pigeon 
shot.  During  the  palmy  days 
of  pigeon-shooting  in  Eng- 
land the  "  Purdey  "  was  the 
gun  favoured  by  the  crack 
shots  at  Hurlingham,  the  Gun 
Club  and  elsewhere,  and 
although  in  this  country 
pigeon-shooting  no  longer 
enjoys  the  popularity  it  form- 
erly did,  the  "Purdey"  is  in 
the  twentieth  century  the 
weapon  pre-eminent  at  the 
great  pigeon-shooting  "  Con- 
cours"  on  the  Continent, 
where  the  popularity  of  the 
sport  has  in  no  way  waned. 
Many  a  time  the  blue  riband 
of  the  sporting  world,  '  The 

Grand  Prix  du  Casino  de  Monte  Carlo,"  has  fallen  to  a  Purdey  gun, 
apart  from  the  many  other  events,  great  and  small,  which  at  Monte 
Carlo,  Madrid,  Seville,  St.  Petersburg,  Moscow,  Paris  and  elsewhere, 
have  been  won  by  users  of  guns  of  this  make. 

Naturally  a  firm  whose  clientele  embraces  practically  all  of  the 
world's  Royal  Families  has  received  a  large  number  of  Royal  Warrants 
of  Appointment.  Messrs.  Purdey  &  Sons  was  the  first  firm  to  be 

452 


A.  S.  PURDEY,  ESQ. 


SUPPLEMENT 


appointed  Gunmakers  to  Her 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria. 
L,ater  they  were  appointed 
to  His  Majesty  King  Edward 
VII.,  and  they  are  now  Gun 
and  Rifle  makers  by  Appoint- 
ment to  His  Majesty  King 
George  V.,  who  also  at  his 
Coronation  presented  the  pre- 
sent members  of  the  firm  with 
Coronation  Medals.  Among 
other  Royal  Warrants  of 
Appointment  may  be  men- 
tioned those  to  the  King  of 
Spain,  the  King  of  Sweden, 
and  the  late  King  Charles  of 
Portugal,  and  they  also 
number  among  their  patrons 
most  of  the  world's  finest  shots. 


CECIL    O.    PURUEV,    Hsy. 


453 


Marshall. Sons&Co. 


wi/wv-y 

I 

I    ENGINEERS  &  BOILER  MAKERS, 


-    LIMITED. 


Gainsborough, 


.  England. 

|     London  Depot:    79,  FARRINGDON  ROAD,  B.C. 
.'vv'VA/'vv.'vv'vv'vv'v^'vv'vx^vv'vv'vv'vv'vv/'vv'W'vv-^    Indian  Depots :   CALCUTTA,  BOMBAY,  LAHORE  8  MADRAS. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 
99 


MARSHALL"  OIL  TRACTORS. 


WW  AA/VX/WWVVxA.  'WVWA/'VA,  WXA/WX/V  W,  AA/  VfX/V  WX/VWVW  Wv/WV/  WX/VW 


™f        TPL         ¥   1          1    1~*  • 

j  1  he  Ideal  Engines 
|  for 

|  Home,   Colonial 
i         and    Foreign 

|  Transport  and 
Agricultural 
Purposes. 


Specially  designed  for 
HAULAGE  WORK  IN 
ROUGH   COUNTRIES, 
PLOUGHING    AND 
CULTIVATING  by  the 
up-to-date  direct-trac- 
tion method, 

and  for  all  classes  ol 
AGRICULTURAL  WORK 
usually    performed   by 
steam  traction  engines. 


^/v<vv/ vv«'\A<'V/x»V\.'V/va^/Vv/VV/\/varv'Vv'V\«'\/»,'\/\,'\/v/VV^ 


;  illustration  shews  one  of  our  Oil  Tractors  designed  for  transport  work  in  the  rough,  arid  districts  which  lie  between 
.ip-country  ranches  and  the  coast  towns  of  Patagonia.  The  Tractor  carries  sufficient  oil  fuel  and  cooling  water  for  long 
,  and  is  capable  of  hauling  four  trailer  wagons,  each  with  a  load  of  four  tons.  The  mounting  arrangements,  combined 
the  large  engine  power,  enables  the  Tractor  to  cross  ditches  and  broken  ground,  and  to  ford  shallow  streams  with  the 
Lest  facility,  as  depicted  in  the  illustration.  The  Tractor  works  equally  well  on  paraffin  or  petrol. 


MARSHALL,  SONS  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

ALSO     MANUFACTURE 

igh-Class  Horizontal  Engines  up  to  2,000  h.p. 

oilers  of  all  Standard  Classes. 

ertical  Engines  with  and  without  Boilers. 

Undertype  "  Engines,  Simple  and  Compound. 

lectric  Light  Engines,  Winding  and  Hauling  Engines. 

ortable  and  Semi-Portable  Engines. 

oad  Rollers,  Traction  Engines,  Steam  Tractors. 

hreshing,  Grinding  and  Sawing  Machinery. 

il  Engines.    Tea-Preparing  Machinery. 

ILLUSTRATED      CATALOGUES      FREE      ON     APPLICATION. 


INDEX 


INDEX 


PACE 

A   BERCORN,   DUKE  OF,   K.G.,   C.B 38 

•**•  ABERDEEN,  EARL  OF,  K.T.,  G.C.M.G 33,  ,,3 

ABDUL-HAK   HAMID   BEY,   H.IC 23 

ABDUL  KARIM  KHAN,   RISALDAR  MAJOR         12,68 

ABDUL  RASHID,   RAJAH         236 

ACHESON-WILLIAMS,  RT.  REV.  ARTHUR          222 

ADAM,  MISS  CLEMENTINA 30 

AGA  KHAN,  H.H.  THE  65,  157 

AIRLIE,  EARL  OF          39 

ALBANY,   H.R.H.   DUCHESS  OF         10,30,114,123 

ALBEMARLE,  EARL  OF  68 

ALBERT,   H.R.H.   PRINCE        10,  28 

ALCAZAR,   HON.   HENRY  ALBERT,   K.C 339 

ALCAZAR,  MRS.  33^ 

ALCOCK,  DR.  WALTER  129 

ALEXANDRA,   H.H.   PRINCESS  (OF  FYFE)  9,  28 

ALEXANDRA,   H.M.  QUEEN 85,  124 

ALFARO,  LIEUT.  C.  E 70 

ALLENBY,  MAJOR-GEN.  E.  H.  H.,  C.B 17,67 

ALLENDALE,  LORD    19,40 

AMPTHILL,  LADY       36 

ANDERSON,  SIR  J.,  G.C.M.G 63 

ANNALY,  LORD,  C.V.O.         12,40,72,85,106,121 

ARBUTHNOT,  COMDR.  SIR  R 69 

ARGYLL,  H.R.H.  PRINCESS  LOUISE,  DUCHESS  OF 10,28,114,  123 

ARGYLL,  DUKE  OF,  K.G.,  K.T.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.V.0 37,42,114,123 

ARMOUR,  LIEUT.  JOHN  DOUGLAS         271 

ARMSTRONG,  CAPT.  J.  H.  \V.         229 

ARRIGO,  CAPT.  ANTHONY 60 

ASHE,  FREDERICK  WEBBER,  ESQ 272 

ASHBURNER,  CAPT.  L.  F 91 

ASHLEY,  LORD 27 

ASQUITH,  RT.  HON.  HERBERT  H.         35 

ATHILL,  C.  H.,  ESQ 37 

OADEN-POWELL,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  ROBERT,  K.C.B.       ...  408,409 

BAGNANI,  LIEUT.-COL.  U •••      7" 

BAHAWALPUR,  MAHARAJAH  OF 107 

FF  457 


INDEX 

PAGE 

BAILLIE-HAMILTON,  SIR   WILLIAM  A.,   K.C.M.G.,   C.B 32 

BARCLAY,   MRS.   FLORENCE  L 373 

BARCLAY,  COL.   H.   A.,   C.Y.0 13 

BARIXG,   HON.   YENETIA        12,36,93,     7,85,121 

BARLOW,  JOHN   DENMAN,  ESQ 40 

BARNETT,   REV.   CANON  S.   A.,  M.A 32 

BARODA,   H.H.   MAHARAJAH  GAEKWAR  OF,  G. C.S.I 65,  159 

BARROW,  GEN.  SIR  E.  G.,  G.C.B 40,65,91 

BARROW,   LIEUT.   R.   E 65 

BATH  AND  WELLS,  RT.   REV.   THE   BISHOP  OF          23,  39 

BATTENBERG,  H.H.  PRINCE  ALEXANDER  OF  9,  30 

BATTENBERG,  H.H.  PRINCE  GEORGE  OF         91 

BATTENBERG,  H.S.H.  PRINCE  GEORGE  OF      30 

BATTENBERG,   H.R.H.   PRINCESS  HENRY  OF 10,  28 

BATTENBERG,  H.H.   PRINCE  LEOPOLD  OF       30 

BATTENBERG,   H.S.H.   PRINCE  LOUIS  OF,  G.C.B. ,   G.C.Y.O.,   K.C.M.G 19,  77 

BATTENBERG,  H.G.D.H.  PRINCESS  LOUIS  OF  9,  30 

BATTENBERG,  H.S.H.   PRINCESS  LOUISE  OF 30 

BATTKNBERG,   H.H.   PRINCE  MAURICE  OF        30 

BEAMISH,  COMDR.   P.,   R.N 3° 

BEATSON,   MAJOR-GEN.  SIR  STUART        §7,93 

BEAUCHAMP,   EARL,   K.C.M.G 38,  47 

BEAUFORT,   DUKE  OF  ...        37 

BEAUMONT,   ADMIRAL  SIR  L.   A.,   K.C.B.,   K.C.M.G 13,69 

BEAUMONT,  HON.   RALPH  EDWARD   BLACKETT        4° 

BEECHING,   REV.   CANON  H.   C.,   D.LITT 32 

BEGUM  OF  BHOPAL,  H.H.  NAWALE         65 

BELK,  LIEUT.-COL.  W.         67 

BELL,  MAJOR-GEN.  JOHN    ...                                                                           89 

BELL,  LADY       •••  89 

BELVILLE,  FRANK,  ESQ •••  44« 

BERESFORD,  LORD  M.  T.  DE  LA  P.,  C.V  0 15,  74 

BERINDEI,  LIEUT.-COL ...       24 

BHAGAVATSINHJI  OF  GONDAL,   H.H.   SHRI       «>,  190 

BHAUNAGAR,  H.H.   MAHARAJAH  OF,    K. C.S.I 1/4,1/5 

BIELOSSELSKY-BIELOSERSKY,   PRINCE,  G.C.V.O 24 

BIGGE,   LIEUT.-COL.   RT.   HON.   SIR   A.   J.,   G.C.Y.O.,   K.C.B.,   K. C.S.I.,   K.C.M.G.   (see  a/so  J.onl 

Slnrii/onllKim)      •••       I2>  4°,  7' 

BIJAY  CHAND  MAHTAB,   H.H.  SIR,   K. C.S.I.,   K.C.I. 1C.,   I.O.M.            ...  ...      178 

BIKANER,  H.H.  SIR  GANGA  SINGH,  MAHARAJAH  OF,   G.C.I.E.,  K. C.S.I    ..  17,  74,  91,  l°7 

BIRD,  CHARLES  H.,  ESQ •••130 

BIRD,  LIEUT.-COL 93 

BIRDWOOD,   BRIG. -GEN.   W.   R.,   C.S.I.,  C.I.E.,   D.S.0 13,  91 

BLAIR,  LIEUT.  FRANK  YOUNGER            •••     23° 

458 


INDEX 

PACK 

BONHAM,   LIEUT.   E.   H I9)  77 

BOR,  COL.   J.   H.,   C.M.G.  13,74 

BORDEX,   RT.   HON.   ROBERT  LAIRD,   K.C 272 

BORIS  YLADIMIROYITCH,   H.I.H.   GRAND    DUKE          S,  24 

BOTHA,   GEX.   RT.   HOX.   1 63 

BOTHA,  MRS 63 

BOTSFORD,   WILLIAM  MURRAY,   ESQ 274 

BOWSER,  HOX.  WILLIAM  J.,  LL.B.,  K.C.  274 

BOY  SCOUT  IN   1911       408 

BRAXD,   HOX.   DAVID 34 

BRAXD,   HON.  THOMAS  HEXRY      36 

BRASSEY,  GEORGE  CHARLES,  ESQ 39 

BRIDGE,  SIR  FREDERICK,   C.V.O.,  MI'S.   DOC.,   M.A 51,  131 

BRIGGS,  SHERIFF          125 

BRITISH  UXION  FOR  THE  ABOLITION  OF  VIVISECTION  393 

BRODRICK,   HON.  SYBIL         12,  36 

BROOKE,   CAPT.   LORD,   M.V.0 21,  77 

BROWN,  GEORGE  McLAREN,  ESQ.  275 

BROWNE,   LADY   DOROTHY 3<5 

BROWNE,  JAMES,  ESQ.  3§ 

BROWNING,  CAPT.   M.   E.,   M.V.0 13 

BROWNLOW,   HON.   WILLIAM  GEORGE  EDWARD       34 

BRUNSWICK  AND   LUNEBURG,   H.R.H.   DUKE  ERNEST  AUGUSTUS  OF  6,  26 

BRUNSWICK   AND  LUNEBURG,   H.R.H.   DUKE  GEORGE  WILLIAM  OF  6,  26 

BUCCLEUCH,  DUKE  OF,  K.G.,  K.T 12,  39,  72 

BUCKINGHAM,  H.  C.,  ESQ 7° 

BULGARIA,  H.R.H.  CROWN  PRINCE  OF  7,  24 

BULKELEY,  CAPT.  T.  H.  R.,  C.M.G.,  M.V.O '9 

BULL,  WILLIAM  PERKINS,  ESQ.,  LL.B.,  K.C •••     276 

BURDWAN,   H.H.  MAHARAJAH  OF,   K. C.S.I.,   K.C.I. E.,   I.O.M.  •••      178 

BURKE,  H.  P.,  ESQ.,  C.V.O.    ...          •••       37 

BURTCHAELL,  G.  D.,  ESQ •••       32 

BUTLER,  LADY  EILEEN         3^' 

BYAS,  MAJOR  H.   L •"      24~ 


AN,   EARL,   K.G 34,45 

CADOGAN,  MAJOR  HON.   W.   G.   S 91 


CAMPBELL,   COMDR.   A.   V.,  M.V.O. ,   R.N 

CAMPBELL,  LIEUT. -COL.  C.  F.,  C.I.E '5 

CAMPBELL,  SIR   DUNCAN  A.   I).,   BART.,   C.V.O. 

CAMPBELL,  CAPT.  SIR  WALTER  D.  S.,  K. C.V.O 12,40,  72 

CAMPBELL    W.  H.  E.,  ESQ 

CAMPBELL-SWINTON,  CAPT.  G.  S.  

CANADA'S  GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY      4'9 

459 


INDEX 

PACK 

CANADIAN  PACIFIC   RAILWAY        425 

CANTKRBURY,   MOST   RIvV.    THE   ARCHBISHOP  OF,   G.C.V.O 3,  35,41,49,  1 1  5,  124 

CARINGTON,   LIEUT.-COL.   RT.   HON.   SIR   \V.   II.    P.,   K.C.V.O.,   C.H 12,40,71,  121 

CARPMAEL,   CAPT.   EDWIN  GEORGE          248 

CARRINGTON,   KARL,    K.G.,    G.C.M.G 38,  123 

CARRINGTON,  LADY  YICTORIA      36 

CASTELLETTI,  CAPT.  TEUMA  361 

CAYKNDISH,    A.,   ESQ 65 

CAYKNDISH,  GEORGE  vSYDNEY  GODOLPHIN,  KSQ 36 

CAYKNDISH,  MAJOR  LORD  J.   S.,   D.S.O.  67 

CHAKRABHONGS,   H.R.H.    PRINCE  7,25 

CHAPMAN,   LIEUT. -COL.   ARTHUR,   Y.D.,   J.P 231 

CHARANJIT  SINGH,  SIRDAR  i/9 

CHARKHARI,   H.H.   MAHARAJAH   OF,   K.C.I. E 181 

CHARLES  FRANCIS  JOSEPH,   H.I.R.H.   ARCHDUKE ...  8,  23 

CHARLES,   LIEUT. -COL.   SIR   RICHARD   HAYKLOCK 87,93,106 

CHE  MOHAMMAD   HASSAN 232 

CHERKINGTOX,   MAJOR   W.    \V 249 

CHESTKRFIKLD,  EARL  OF,  G.C.Y.0 12,35,74 

CHICHESTER,   HON.   HILDA  25 

CHINOY,   FA7ULBHOY  MKHERALLY,  ESQ 189 

CHOW  TZU-CHI,   BRIG.-GEN.  27 

CHRISTIAN,   CAPT.   A.   H.,   M.Y.0 13 

CHRISTIAN,   H.R.H.    PRINCE 19,77,114,123 

CHRISTIAN,    H.R.H.    PRINCESS  10,28,114,123 

CHURCHILL,   YISCOUNT,   G.C.Y.0 39,    53 

CLARENDON,   EARL  OF,  G.C.B.,  G.C.Y.O C8 

CLARK,   LIEUT.   R.   P 279 

CLARK,  SIR   WILLIAM  MORTIMER,   K.C.,  LL.D.  280 

CLARKE,  SIR   GEORGE  S.,  G.C.M.G.,   K.C.M.G.,  G.C.I. 1C 89 

CLAYTON,  LI EUT.  JAMES  GEORGE  BULWER 249 

COCHRANK,   A.   W.   S.,  ESQ 27,  35 

COCHRANE,   MISS  MINNIE 28 

COCHRANE-BAILLIE,  HON.   VICTOR          39 

CODRINGTON,  MAJOR-GICN.   A.   E.,   C.Y.O.,   C.B.  17,75,119 

CODRINGTON,   LIEUT.   G.   R 21,77 

COKE,   LADY   KATHARINE 3r> 

COLERIDGE,  HON.  STEPHEN  398 

COLLINS,   LIEUT.-COL.   ARTHUR,  C.B.,   M.Y.0 27 

COLMAN,   F.   GORDON,   ESQ 439 

COLMAN,  SIR  JEREMIAH,   BART 438 

COLMAN,   J.   &   J.,   LD 434 

COLMAN,  RUSSELL  J.,  ESQ.,  D.L.,  J.P 438 

COMPTON,  LIEUT.-COL.  LORD  D.  J.  C 68 

460 


INDEX 


PARR 

CONNAUGHT,   H.R.H.   DUCHESS  OF  10,30 

COXXAUGHT,   H.R.H.   DUKE  OF,   K.G.,  K.T.,  K.P -_  ,g>  ,,,_  4g>  77 

CONNAUGHT,   H.R.H.    PRINCE   ARTHUR  OF,    K.G.,  G.C.Y.O.  19,77,85 

COXXAUGHT,  H.R.H.   PRINCESS  VICTORIA    PATRICIA  OF  ,,,,   ,„ 

COOK,   LIEUT.-COL.   E.   B.,  M.Y.O ,.,,   41,,  77 

COOKE-COLLIS,  COL.   \V.,   C.M.G ,5 

COOKSON,   KRIG.-GEX.   G.   A (,- 

COXTOSTAVLOS,  MLLE 24 

CORKRAN,   VICTOR  SEYMOUR,   ESO..   C.V.0 28 

CORNWALLIS,  FIEXNES  STANLEY   \VYKKIIAM,   I-    O 135 

COURTNEY,  MAJOR-GEN.   EDWARD   HENRY,   C.V.O.  134 

COWAN,  COL.   H.   V.,   C.V.O.,   C.B 13,69 

COWANS,  MAJ.-GEN.   J.   S.,   M.V.O 15,70 

COX,  LIEUT.  CHARLES  E.   L.  34.) 

CRANBORNE,   VISCOUNT         39 

CRAWFORD,   EARL  OF,   K.T.  38 

CRAWLEY,   REV.   A.  STAFFORD,   M.A 3; 

CRAVEN,  EARL  OF        44 

CREAGH,   GEN.  SIR  O'MOORE,    V.C.,    G.C.I! 107 

CREWE,   MARQUIS  OF,   K.G.  34,45,85,88,91 

CRICHTON,  MAJOR   HON.   G.   A 23 

CRICHTON,  COL.   HON.   H.   G.   L ij 

CRICHTON,   MAJ.   VISCOUNT,   M.V.O.,   D.S.0 19,  74 

CRISP,  SIR  FRANK,   BART 135 

CROSBY,  MISS  (LADY  MAYORESS)  i-M 

CROSBY,   RT.   HON.  SIR  THOMAS   HOOR  (LORD  MAYOR   OF   LONDON,    1912)  ...          122,  124 

CROUCH,   MAJOR  THE   HON.    RICHARD    ARMSTRONG  243 

CULME-SEYMOUR,   ADMIRAL  SIR   M.,    BAKT.,   G.C.B.,   G. C.V.O 12,39,72 

CURZON  OF   KEDLESTON,   LORD,   G. C.S.I.,   G.C.I.E 33 

CURZON-HOWE,  RICHARD  GEORGE   I'ENN,   I1.. C.V.O 140 

CURZOX,   RICHARD   NATHANIEL,   ESO 33 

CUST,  COMDR.  SIR  C.   L.,   BART.,  C.B.,   C.M.G.,   C.I. 1C.,   M.V.O HI,  40,  77,  S;,  91 ,  121 

T~\ACCA,   H.H.    NAWABZADAH   OF  ...      182 

*~^      DALTON,   REV.   CANON   J.    N.,   C.V.O.,   C.M.G.,   M.A 32 

D'AOSTA,   H.R.H.   DUCHESS,  OF   ITALY S,  24 

D'AOSTA,   H.R.H.   DUKE,  OF   ITALY  8,24 

DAUBENEY,  MLLE.  OLIVE -4 

DAVIDSON,   BT.-COL.  SIR  A.,   K.C.B.,   K. C.V.O 15,  74 

DAVIDSON-HOUSTON,   LIEUT. -COL.   WILFRED    BENNETT,   C.M.G.  34' 

DAVIES,  LIEUT.-COL.  E.  C.,  I.S.O.,  V.D l87 

D'AVRICOURT,  COUNT   BALNY         

DAWKINS,    LADY   BERTHA 

DAWNAY,   DAVID,   ESQ 


INDEX 

PAGE 

DAWSON,  COL.   SIR  DOUGLAS  F.   R.,   K.C.V.O.,  C.M.G.  23,40 

DA\VSON,   LADY  MARY  36 

DE  BYLANDT,  COUNT  W.   P.  26 

DE  CHAIR,   CAPT.   D.   R 69 

DE  JONQUIERES,  VICE-ADMIRAL  FAUQUES <>,  25 

DE  LA  MIXA,  MARQUES,  G.C.V.0 24 

DE  LANAUDIERE,  LIEUT. -COL.  CHARLES  TARIEU 296 

DE  LASTOURS,  GEN.  DOR 25 

DE  UNDER,  CAPT.  E.  ...       70 

DENMAN,   LORD,   K.C.V.0 40 

DENMARK,   H.R.H.   CROWN  PRINCE  OP  7,24 

DE  RUTHYN,   LORD  GREY 37,42 

DESBOROUGH,  LADY 36 

DEVONSHIRE,  DUCHESS  OF  12,22,36,74,85,88,91,97,117,121 

DEVONSHIRE,   DUKE  OF         21,36,42,115,123 

DICK-CUNYNGHAM,   MRS.   W.   H 28 

DIETZ,  LIEUT.-COL.   B.  R 28 

DIXON,  COL.  GEORGE 136 

DOBELL,   BT.-COL.   C.   M 69 

DON   FERNANDO,   H.R.H.   INFANTE,   OF  SPAIN  8 

DON,   O'CONNOR,  THE 34 

DOUGLAS,   GEN.   SIR  C.   W.   H 83 

DOUGLAS-PENNANT,   HON.   VIOLET  28 

DOYLE,   SIR   ARTHUR  CONAN  3$5 

DRUMMOND,   MAJOR    WILLIAM    EDWARD   MOSSE,   V.D 

DU   BOULAY,   ESQ.,   J.   H 

DUCKWORTH,  REV.  CANON  R.,  C.V.O.,  D.I) 

DUGDALE,  LADY  EVA      

DUGDALE,  LIICUT.-COL.  P.,  C.V.O.      

DUNDONALD,  EARL  OF,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B 

DUNLOP-SMITH,  SIR   JAMES 
DUNN,   SIR   W.    H 
DUXUWILE,   WILLIAM,   ESQ. 

DURAND,   MORTIMER   H.   M.,   ESQ 3§ 

DURHAM,   RT.   REV.    THE    BISHOP  OP       23,  39 

DURHAM,   EARL  OF,   K.G 36,42,85,91,106,121 

DYMOKE,   FRANK  S.,   ESQ 34 

T^DGCUMBE,   R.,   ESQ 36 

-*-J      EDWARDS,   COL.   A.   H.   M.,   C.B. ,  M.V.0 17,  75 

EGERTON,   LADY  63 

EGERTON,  SIR   W.,   K.C.M.G.  63 

ELIOT,  VERY   REV.    PHILIP  P.,   D.D.,   K.C.V.O.,   DEAN  OF  WINDSOR      32,  '37 

ELLIOT,   HON.   ESMOND  34 

4(,2 


INDEX 

PAGE 

ELLIOT,  MAJOR  E.   H.,   M.Y.0 40,44 

ELLISON,  BRIG.-GEX.  G.  F.,  C.K 62 

ELLISON,  REV.  J.  H.  J.,  M.A 3I 

ELMLEY,  YISCOUNT 38 

ERROLL,  EARL  OF,  K.T.,  C.B 38 

ERSKINE,   HON.  FRANCIS  WALTER  39 

ERSKINE,  H.   D.,  ESQ.,  C.Y.O.  39 

ESSEX,  EARL  OF  68 

ETHIOPIA,   DEJASMATCH   KASSA  OF         5,  27 

EVAN-THOMAS,  CAPT.   H 69 

EWART,  MAJ.-GEN.   J.   S.,   C.B 15,69 

EYRE  &  SPOTTISWOODE       .578 

T^AIRFAX,  FERDINAND,   Esq 35 

-*-         FAIRHOLME,   EDWARD  G.,   ESQ 401 

FANNIN,  LIEUT.  J.  G.  250 

FARRAR,   REV.   F.   P.,   M.A 32 

FARQUHAR,   LADY         28 

FBRGUSON-DAVIE,  RT.  REV.  CHARLES  JAMES          238 

FFOLKES,   REV.   FRANCIS  A.  S.,  M.Y.O.,  M.A 3" 

FIELDING,  HON.  WILLIAM  STEVENS       281 

FIFE,  H.H.   PRINCESS  ALEXANDRA  OF 9,  28 

FIFE,  COL.  SIR  AUBONE,  C.Y.O 39 

FIFE,   H.R.H.   DUCHESS  OF   (PRINCESS   ROYAL)  28 

FIFE,  DUKE  OF,  K.G.,  K.T.,  G.C.V.0 38,  70,  114 

FIFE,   H.H.   PRINCESS  MAUD  OF 9,   28 

FISHER,  HON.  A.  62 

FISHER,  MRS 6: 

FITTON,  COL.   H.   G.,   D.S.O .' 13,69 

FITZCLARENCE,  LIEUT.-COL.  C.,  V.C 19,40,77 

FITZGERALD,  REV.  MAURICE,  M.A 32 

FITZGERALD,  CAPT.  O.  A.  G i/~,  75 

FITZMAURICE,  MAJOR  LORD  C.  G.  F 15,74,87,9,106,119 

FITZWILLIAM,   CAPT.   HON.  SIR  CHARLES         77,  "9 

FLEMMING,  HON.   JAMES  KIDD       283 

FLETCHER,  LIEUT.-COL.  _H.  A.,  C.Y.O 3<> 

FORESTIER-WALKER,  COL.   G.  T.  ",i,  (9 

FORTESCUE,  HON.   JOHN    \V.,  M.V.0 87,93 

FORTESCUE,  JOHN  G.,   ESQ.  34 

ERASER,  CAPT.   DUNCAN        344 

FREMANTLE,  ADMIRAL  HON.  SIR   EDMUND   R.,  G.C.B.,   C.M.G 40 

FRENCH,  CAPT.  HOUSTON 4^,44 

FRENCH,  GEN.  SIR  J.   P.   D.,  G. C.B. ,   G.C.Y.O. ,   K.C.M.G 13,  <>9 

FRY,  J.  S.   &  SONS,   LD •••     44 1 

463 


INDEX 

PAGE 
FRY.   JOSEPH  STORKS,  ESQ.  ..................     442 

FRYER,  MAJOR  J  .....................................        70 


R  OF  BARODA,  H.H.  MAHARAJAH,  G.  C.S.I  ................       65,159 

GATLIFF,  LIEUT.-GEN.  ALBERT  FARRER       .....................    251 

GAY,  ESQ.,  C.  H.,  R.A  .....................................      65 

GEE,  REV.  HENRY,  D.D  ..................................      31 

GEORGE,  H.R.H.  PRINCE      ........................         10,28,117,119,126 

GERMAN  CROWN  PRINCE,  H.I.R.H  .........................  8,  23 

GERMAN  CROWN  PRINCESS,  H.I.R.H  .............       ...............  8,  23 

GIBBS,  CAI'T.  J.  E  .........................       .........          -M.77 

GLEICHEN,  COL.  COUNT  K.C.Y.O.,  C.B.,  C.M.G.,  D.S.0  ................         15,74 

GI.EICHEN,  COUNTESS  FEO  ..............................      30 

GI.EICHEN,  COUNTESS  HELENA   ..............................     30 

GODFREY-FAUSSETT,  CAPT.  B.  G.,  C.M.G.,  M.V.O.,  R.N  .............  5,  £5,  91,  106,  122 

GODFREY-FAUSSETT,  MRS  ..................................     26 

GOLDBY,  WILLIAM  SAMUEL,  ESQ.         ...........................    284 

GOLDSMITH,  CAPT.  SIR  WILLIAM,  R.N  ............................      36 

GOLEJEWSKY,  LIEUT.  -COL  ..................................     70 

GONDAL,  H.H.  THAKOR  SAHIB  OF        ........................        66,  190 

GONDAL,  H.H.  THAKORESS  SAHIBAH  OF       .....................         6,  19! 

GOODWIN,   COL.   F.,  C.I.E  ...............................       13,68,91 

GORDON,  SIR  HOME,   BART.  ..............................      390 

GOUGH,   COL.   J.   1C.,   Y.C.,   C.M.G  ...............................        13 

GOUGH-CALTHORPE,   CAPT.   HON.  S.   A.,  C.Y.O.  .....................        13 

GOUIN,  HON.  SIR  LOMER      .................................     284 

GRAHAM,   PRESTON,   ESQ  ..................................        34 

GRANARD,   EARL  OF,   K.P  .........................  19,39,77,     17,121 

GRANT,  F.  J.,  ESQ  .....................................       33 

GREECE.   H.R.H.   CROWN  PRINCE  OF       ...........................  7,  24 

GREECE,   H.R.H.   CROWN   PRINCESS  OF  ...........................  7,24 

GREECE.   H.R.H.   PRINCE  GEORGE   OF     ...........................  6,  26 

GREECE,   H.R.H.   PRINCE  GEORGE  OF  (SON   OF  THE  CROWN    PRINCE)  .........  6,  26 

GREECE,   H.R.H.   PRINCESS  GEORGE  OF  .....................  6,  26 

GREELY,   MAJOR-GEN.   ADOLPHUS  W  ...................          ...... 

GREEN,    E.,   ESQ.  ................................. 

GKEER,   CAPT.   H  .....................................        28 

GRENFEI.L.   HON.   IYO  ....................................        27 

GRENFELL,   F.-MARSHAL  LORD,  G.C.B.,   G.  C.M.G  ...................  15,  70 

GREY,   LIEUT.  -COL.   RALEIGH,  C.M.G.,  C.Y.O  .........................      252 

GKIMSTON,   KR.-GEN.   R.   E  ..................................        91 

GROTE.   HAUSMARSCHALL  GRAF  ..............................        26 

GUHBIXS,  SURG.-GEN.   W.   L.,   C.B.,   M.Y.0  ......................  5,  70 

GURUAM  SINGH,  GEN.  .................................        66 

464 


INDHX 

PAGE 

GWALIOR,  HON.  MAJOR-GEN.  H.H.  SIR  MADHO  RAO  SCINDIA,  MAHARAJAH  OF        17,  74,  9.,  1,7 

GYE  HON.  MABEI 36 

TTADDEN,  MAJOR-GEN.   SIR  C.  P.,   K.C.B ,5,  74 

HADDIXGTON,   EARL  OP,   K.T 68 

HADWEN,   WALTER   R.,   M.I).,   J.T.,  L.R.C.P.,   M.R.C.S.,   L.S.A.  393 

HAFIZ  MUHAMMAD  ABDULLAH   KHAN,   HON.  COL 91 

HAHN,  COUNT 25,  26 

HAHN,  MAJOR-GEN 

HAIG,  LIEUT.-COL.   A.   B.,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G 15,   74 

HAMIDULLA  KHAN,  SAHIBZADA 65 

HAMILTON,   DUCHESS  OP       51 

HAMILTON,   LIEUT.-GEN.   SIR   B.   M.,   K.C.B 13,  69 

HAMILTON,   GEN.   SIR   I.   S.   M.,   G.C.B.,   D.S.0 13,  62 

HAMILTON,  PETER,  ESQ 38 

HAMMOND,   HON.   JOHN   HAYS         6,25 

HANKEY,  CAPTAIN  C.  19,  77 

HANSON,  SHERIPP        126 

HARBORD,  MAJOR  C.   R 

HARBORD,  V.   A.   C.,   ESQ 39 

HARDINGE,   HON.   HENRY   RALPH  ...        33 

HARDINGE,   LADY          S%  93,  9';  97,  i(>9 

HARDINGE,    H.E.     RT.     HON.     BARON,     G.C.I!.,     C,. M.S.I.,     G.M.I.E.,     VICEROY 

OF  INDIA        ^9,  91,  96,  97,  no 

HARRIS,  C.  T.,   ESQ 

HART,  LIEUT. -GEN.   SIR   REGINALD  CLARE,   V.C.,   K.C.B.,   K.C.V.0 253 

HART-McHARG,  MAJOR   WILLIAM  

HARTINGTON,  MARQUESS  OP          39 

HARTWELL,  SIR   BRODRICK,   BART 138 

HARUN-AL-RASHID,   RAJAH  

HASBI,  NAGADRAS        

HASSAN,  CHE  MOHAMMAD 

HASTINGS,  EDWARD,   ESQ 

HAWKES,  MISS 

HAY,  HON.   JOSSLYN   VICTOR 

HAYWARD,   LIEUT.-COL.   EDWIN   JAMES  •••      '93 

HAYWOOD,  CAPT.   ARTHUR  TOMKINSON 

HAZEN,  HON.   JOHN   DOUGLAS,   K.C.,   LL.D. 

HEATH,  H.  H.,  ESQ 

HEATH,   CAPT.   H.   L.,   M.V.O. 

HEIDBORN,  COI 

HENEKER,   BT.-COL.   W.  C.   G.,   D.S.O. 

HENNELL,  COL.   SIR  R.,  C.V.O.,   D.S.O.  4",  44 

HENSON,  REV.  CANON   II.   H.,   D.D. 

4^5 


INDEX 


HENRY,  SIR  EDWARD,   K.C.V.O.,    C.S.I., 

HENRY,   H.R.H.   PRINCE          

HEPBURN-STUART-FORBES-TREFUSIS,   CAPT.   HON.   J.   F.  ...  

HERON-MAXWELL,  MISS  ETHEL 

HERSCHELL,  LORD,  M.V.O 

HERTSLET,  REV.  E.  L.  A.,  M.A 

HESSE,  H.R.H.  GRAND  DUCHESS  OF       

HESSE,   H.R.H.  GRAND   DUKE  OF 

HESSE,  H.H.  PRINCE  FREDERICK  CHARLES  OF        

HESSE,  H.R.H.  PRINCESS  FREDERICK  CHARLES  OF  

HEWART,   DR.   JOHN,  M.B.,   C.M.Euix.,  J.P.,  M.L.A 

HEYWOOD,  LIEUT.  A.  

HIGASHI-FUSHIMI,   H.I.H.   PRINCE  

HIGASHI-FUSHIMI,  H.I.H.  PRINCESS        

HILL,   CAPT.   H 

HIRA  SINGH,   H.H.,  G. C.S.I.,  G.C.I. E.  (LATE  MAHARAJAH   OF  NABHA)  

HOGG,  CAPT.  R.  E.  T 

HOHENLOHE-LANGENBURG,   H.S.H.   PRINCESS  VICTOR   OF  

HOLDSWORTH,  BT.-COL.  G.  L 67 

HOLFORD,   BT.-LIEUT.-COL.  SIR   G.   L.,   K.C.V.O.,  C.I.E 15,  74 

HOLT,  HERBERT  SAMUEL,  ESQ 288 

HOME,  MAJOR  J.   M 71 

HOME  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY         387 

HOOD,   HON.   A.   N.,  C.V.0 37 

HOOD,  JACOMB,  ESQ 87,  106 

HOPE,   RICHARD,  ESQ.  38 

HOPWOOD,  SIR  FRANCIS  J.  S.,  G.C.M.G.,   K.C.B 32 

HOWARD,   ALGAR  H.  S.,   ESQ 32 

HOWARD,   HON.   GEOFFREY,  M.P.  34 

HOWARD,   JOHN,   ESQ.  291 

HOWE,  EARL,  G.C.V.O.  140 

HUGHES,  COL.  SAMUEL,  M.P 293 

HUGUET,   COL.   V.   J.   M.,   M.V.O 70 

HULETT,  SENATOR  THE  HON.  SIR  JAMES  LIEGE,  J.P 259 

HUNLOKE,   CAPT.    PHILIP       121 

HUNTER,   LIEUT.-GEN.   SIR  ARCHIBALD,   K.C.B 87,   yi4 

HUSSEIN   RUSHDI   PASHA,   H.E 27 

HYDERABAD,   H.H.  THE  NIZAM  OF,  G.C.B.,  G.C.S.1 93 

TM  THTJRN,  SIR  E.   P.,   K.C.M.G 63 

-*•      IM   THURN,   LADY 63 

INAGAKI,  COL.   S 70 

INDORE,   H.H.  MAHARAJAH  HOLKAR  OF          65 

INGLES,  LIEUT.  HARRY  CLEMENT           260 

466 


INDEX 

PAGE 

INNES-KER,  CAPT.  LORD  ALASTAIR        30 

ITURRIAGA,  COL.   DON  G.   L 71 


TAMES,  ARTHUR,  ESQ.                                               34 

**       JENKINS,   REV.   C.,  M.A.               35 

JIND,   H.H.   MAHARAJAH  OF,   K.C.S.1 193 

JODHPUR,   H.H.   MAHARAJAH  OF 107 

JOHNSTON,  C.,  ESQ 70 

JOHNSTONE,  LIEUT.-COL.  R 345 

JONES,  HENRY  VICTOR  FRANKLIN,  ESQ 295 

JONES,  MAJOR  L.  C 12,  68 

JOSEPH- WATKIN,  T.  M.,  ESQ 23,  35 

JUDD,  WALTER  ALBERT,  ESQ 142 

JUJHAR  SINK,   H.H.   SIR,    K.C.I.E.,  MAHARAJAH   OF  CHARKARI              181 

JUNGSTEDT,  GEN 24 

JUSWANT  RIKH,   H.H.   KUMAR        204 

T^"EARY,   BRIG.-GEN.   H.   D'U.,   D.S.O '3,91 

•*•*•     KEDAH,   H.H.  SULTAN  OF  

KEI-KO-MIYAOKA,   MADAME  -4 

KEITH,  CAPT.  R.  A.  L.  33 

KEMBALL,   BRIG.-GEN.   G.   V.,  C.B.,   D.S.O.  '5,  7" 

KEMP,  EDWIN,  ESQ 

KENNA,  COL.  P.  A.,  V.C.,  D.S.O '3,  ('9 

KENNEDY,  REV.  M.  E.,  M.V.O.,  M.A 3' 

KEPPEL,   REAR-ADMIRAL  SIR  COLIN,   K.C.V.O.  •••        93 

KEPPEL,  LIEUT.-COL.  HON.  D.  W.  G.,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G.,  C.I.E.  15,  74 

KEPPEL,  HON.  SIR  DEREK,   C.M.G.,   C.I.E.,   M.V.O.       ...  «5,9",  I()(>,  IJ1 

KERR,  LIEUT.-COL.  F.  W.,  D.S.O 

KERR,   MISS  NONA         

KEY,   W.   H.,   ESQ. 

KHEDIVE,  H.H.  THE 

KIAMIL  PASHA,   H.E 

KIDD,   MISS  BEATRICE   E 

KING-HARMAN,  SIR  CHARLES  ANTHONY,   K.C.M.G. 

KING-HARMAN,   LADY 

KINGSLEY,  CAPT.   BELL         

KITCHENER  OF  KHARTOUM,   F. -MARSHAL  VISCOUNT,   G.C.B.,  O.M.,   G. C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G., 

G.C.I.E.  5,  17,  21,  37,  75,  «7.  88,  in 

KNOLLYS,  LORD,  G.C.B.,  G.C.V.O.,   K.C.M.G.        ...  •••        4" 

KNOLLYS,  HON.   E.   G.  W.  T 39 

KNOX,  LADY  EILEEN  

KRATKY,  COL.  K 

467 


INDEX 

PACK 

I"     AMBART,   MAJOR  (*,.   F.   \V.,  C.V.0 33 

LAMBLEY,   CAPT.   JULIAN  THEODORE 261 

LAMBTON,   ADMIRAL  HON.   SIR   HEDWORTH,   K.C.B.,   K.C.V.0 34,74,  112 

LAMBTON,   LADY  112 

LAMMERT,  CAPT.  GEORGE  P 233 

LANAUDIERE,  LIEUT.-COL.  CHARLES  TARIEU   DE 296 

LANCASTER,  CHARLES  &  CO.,  LD.  445 

LANG,   MAJOR  WILLIAM  ROBERT  297 

LANSDOWNE,  MARCHIONESS  OF 115 

LANSDOWNE,  MARQUESS  OF,  K.G.,  G. C.S.I.,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E 34,  115,  123 

LASCELLES,  CAPT.  E.  FF.  W 21,    77 

LASCELLES,  COLONEL  44 

LA  TERRIKRE,  COL.  F.   B.  DE  SALES      42,44 

LAURIER,   RT.   HON.   SIR  WILFRID,  G.C.M.G.,   LL.D.  62,298 

LEE,  G.  A.,   ESQ.  37 

LEGARD,   MAJOR    D'A.  17,67 

LKGGE,  COL.   HON.   SIR   H.   C.,   K.C.Y.O '5,74 

LEICESTER,   KARL  OF,   G.C.Y.O.,    C.M.G 68 

LEMBESIS,   CAPT.   C 26 

LE  MOTTLE,  COL.  J.  E 13 

LEOPOLD  OF  SAXE-COBURG  AND  GOTHA,   H.R.H.   PRINCE  5,  27,  149 

LKVIDIS,   MAJOR  CONSTANTINE 24 

LINDSAY,   DAYID,  MASTER  OF        38 

LINDSAY,   W.   A.,   ESQ.,   K.C 37 

LIVERPOOL,  EARL  OF,  M.V.0 33 

LIYINGSTONE-LEARMOUTH,  CAPT.   N.   J.   C 75 

LLEWELLYN,  CAPT.   H.   ROLAND 233 

LOCH,  MISS  EMILY        28 

LOMAX,   LIEUT.   ROGER  HERBERT  NORRES 262 

LONDON,   RT.    REY.   THE   BISHOP  OF       9,42,120 

LOREBURN,  LORD,  G.C.M.G.  35 

LOUDOUN,   EARL  OF 37,42 

LOWTHKR,  A.  E.,  ESQ.  12,39 

LOWTHER,  MAJOR  H.      .,  C.M.G. ,  M.Y.O.,   D.S.0 70 

LUBBOCK,   MAJOR  G.,   R.E 62 

LUCAS,  SIR  CHARLES  P.,   K. C.M.G.,   C.B.  32 

LUCAS,  F.  H.,  ESQ 87,93 

LYONS,   J.,  &  CO.,   LD.  447 

LYONS,  SIR  JOSEPH 448 

LYTTELTON,  GEN.  RT.  HON.  SIR  N.  G.,  G.C.B.  40,69 

A  /TACDONALD,  W.  R.,  ESQ.  33 

MACDONOGH,  LIEUT.-COL.  G.  M.  W 71 

MACHELL,  COUNTESS  VALDA          3" 

468 


INDEX 

PAGE 

MACKINNON,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  W.   H.,   K.C.B.,  C.Y.O.  13,69 

MACLAUGHLIN,  C.,  ESQ 35 

MACMILLAN,   REV.   J.   V.,  M.A.  35 

MACRAE,  CAPT.   COLIN   W.     ...  42,44 

MACREADY,  MAJOR-GEN.  C.  P.  N.,  C.B M,  70 

MADOCKS,  MAJOR  \V.   R.  N.  62 

MAGRATH,   CHARLES  A.,  ESQ 301 

MAHMUD,   H.H.   TUXKU  6; 

MAHOMED   AFZAL,   H.H.    XAWAB/ADAH    OP   DACCA  !82 

MAHOMED  ALI   PASHA,  H.H.   PRINCE      88 

MAKGILL-CRICHTON-MAITLAND,  CAPT.  F.   L 62 

MALIK  SHER   BAHADUR   KHAN,   KISALDAR   MAJOR  12,68 

MAR  AND  KELLIE,  COUNTESS  OF  112 

MARCHANT,  COL.  A.  E 69 

MARIE  LOUISE,   H.H.   PRINCESS 9,  28 

MARJORIBANKS,   EDWARD,   ESQ.    ...  33 

MARPOLE,   RICHARD,   ESQ 302 

MARSHALL,  SONS  &  CO.,  LD.  454 

MARTIN,   MAJOR  EVAN,  M.V.0 28 

MARTIN,  SIR  GEORGE  CLEMENT,   M.V.O.,   MUS.    DOC.,  F.R.C.0 123,  i_*4,  142 

MARY,   H.R.H.   PRINCESS         i<>,  28,  78,  85,  117,  119,  122,  124 

MAUD,  H.H.   PRINCESS  (OF  FIFE).  .  9,  28 

MAXIMILIAN,  OF  BADEN,  H.G.D.H.   PRIXCE  ...  6,  26 

MAXIMILIAN',  OF   BADEX,   H.R.H.   PRIXCE.SS 6,  26 

MAXWELL,  MAJOR-GEX.  SIR  JOHN  C,.,  K.C.B.,  C.M.G.,  D.S.0 87 

McBRIDE,   HON.   RICHARD 299 

McKEE,   CAPT.   WILLIAM  A 3"° 

McMAHON,  COL.  SIR  ARTHUR  HENRY,  K.C.I. E 91 

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN,   H.R.H.   GRAND   DUCHESS  OF  ..  7,  25 

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN,   H.R.H.   GRAND   DUKE  OF       ...  7,25 

MECKLENBURG-STRELIT7,   H.R.H.   GRAND   DUKE  OF          7,  25 

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ    H.R.H.  HEREDITARY  GRAND  DUKE  OF 5,26 

MELHADO,  CARLOS,  ESQ.,  C.M.G 345 

MELLISS,  BRIG.-GEN.  C.  J 69,91 

MEREDITH,  HON.  SIR   WILLIAM   RALPH  3°4 

MERTHYR,  LORD,  OF  SENGHENYDD,  G.C.V.O.  144 

MIFSUD,  ORESTE  GRECH,  ESQ.,  C.M.G. ,  LL.D.  ...     364 

MILES,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  H.  S.  G.,  K.C.B.,  C.V.O.         ...  15,  74 

MILLARD,   LIEUT.   HAROLD 234 

MILLS,   RT.   REV.   WILLIAM   LENNOX,   D.D.,   LL.D.,   D.C.L •••      306 

MILNE,   VICE-ADMIRAL  SIR  A.   B.,   BART.,   K.C.I!.,   K. C.V.O.  15,  74 

MINTO,  COUNTESS  OF •••       12,36,74 

MINTO,  EARL  OF,   K.G.,  G.C.S.I.,  G. C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E 34,45 

MITFORD,  COL.  W.  K.,  C.M.G •••       *3 

469 


INDEX 

PAGE 

MOHAMMAD  HAMID  ALT  KHAN,  H.H.  COL.  SIR,  G.C.I.E.,  G.C.V.0 158 

MOHAMED  AU  PASHA,  OF  EGYPT,  H.H.  PRINCE 5,  27 

MOLYNEUX,  HON.  CECIL  RICHARD       37 

MONACO,  H.S.H.  HEREDITARY  PRINCE  OF    5,  27 

MOXCKTON-ARUNDELL,  LIEUT.  HON.  G.  V.  A 21,  77 

MONCRIEFFE,  COL.  SIR  R.  D.,  BART 13 

MOND,  SIR  ALFRED,  BART.,  M.P.  145 

MONEY,  MAJOR  E.  D.          91 

MONRO,  REV.  R.  D.,  M.A 394 

MONTAGUE,  LORD  CHARLES  iu 

MONTENEGRO,  H.R.H.   HEREDITARY   PRINCE  DANILO  OF  7,  24 

MONTENEGRO,  H.R.H.   PRINCESS  MILITZA  OF  7,  24 

MONTGOMERY,   RT.   REV.   BISHOP  H.   H.,   D.D.  32 

MONTROSE,  DUCHESS  OF      51 

MONTROSE,  DUKE  OF,   K.T 68 

MOODIE,  MAJOR  JOHN  DOUGLAS 307 

MOORE,   ADMIRAL  SIR  ARTHUR  \V 83,84 

MORETON,  LADY  EVELYN 30 

MORETON,   HON.   R.,   M.V.0 23 

MORLEY  OF  BLACKBURN,  VISCOUNT,  O.M 35 

MORRIS,  RT.  HON.  SIR  EDWARD,  P.C.,  K.C.,  LL.D 63,  308 

MORRIS,   LADY 63 

MOSTYN,  LORD 33 

MUHAMMAD  ASLAM  KHAN,   HON.   COL.  SIR 91 

MUHAMMAD  ISMAIL,  SUBADAR  MAJOR  12,  68 

MUNDY,  CAPT.  G.  E.  M 119 

MUNRO,  COL.  SIR  H.,   BART.  13 

MURRAY,  MAJOR-GEN.  A.  J.,  C.V.O.,  C.B.,  D.S.0 15,  70 

MURRAY,  HON.  GEORGE  H.  309 

MURRAY,  KEITH  W.,  ESQ 32 

MURRAY,  MAJOR  MALCOLM,  C.V.0 30,  77 

MUSGRAVE,  NIGEL  C.,  ESQ.  38 

NABHA,   LATE   MAHARAJAH  OF  (H.H.  HIRA  SINGH),  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.I.E 205,  206 
NABHA,   MAHARAJAH  OF  (H.H.   RIPUDAMAN  SINGH),  F.R.G.S.,   M.R.A.S.        ...          208,  209 

NATHOOBHOY,  TRIBHOWANDAS  MANGALDAS,   ESQ 213 

NATIONAL  ANTI-VIVISECTION  SOCIETY  39« 

NEPAL,   H.H.  SIR  CHANDRA  SHER   JANG,  G.C.B.,  MAHARAJAH  OF       108 

NETHERLANDS,   H.R.H.   PRINCE  OF  THE  6,26 

NICHOLSON,  F.-MARSHAL  SIR  W.  G.,  G.C.B.,  A.D.C.-GENERAL 15,  74 

NORFOLK,  DUKE  OF,  K.G.,  G.C.V.0 38,  77,  "5 

NORIE,  BT.-COL.,  E.   W.   M •••       69 

NORTHCOTE,  CAPT.  MOWBRAY  STAFFORD      235 

NORTHCOTE,  LORD,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.I.E.,  C.B ...       33 

470 


INDEX 

PAGE 

NORTHUMBERLAND,  DUKE  OF,  K.G 38,42,68 

NORWAY,  H.M.  QUEEN  OF 85 

NUGENT,  COL.  G.  C 119 

NUGENT,  COL.  O.  S.  W.,  D.S.0 13 

/^VBEIDULLAH  KHAN,  COL.  SAHIB/.ADA       65 

^-^    OBEYESEKERE,  HON.  SIR  SOLOMON  CHRISTOFFEL,  J.I'.           215 

OBEYESEKERE,  LADY         216 

O'BRIEN,  MAJOR  HON.  MURROUGH       28 

O'CALLAGHAN-WESTROPP,  COL.  G [3 

OGILYY,  LADY  MABELL       36 

O'GRADY,  G.,  ESQ 33 

OLDHAM,  COL.  SIR  H.  H.,  C.Y.0 39 

OLIPHANT,  GEN.  SIR  L.  J.,  K.C.Y.O.,  C.B 13,  69 

OLIYER,  HENRY  ALFRED,  ESQ.,  C.M.G.           262 

OLIVIER,  SIR  S.,  K.C.M.G 63 

OMMANNEY,  SIR  MONTAGU  P.,  G.C.M.G.,  K.C.B 32 

ONTARIO,  RT.  REV.  THE  LORI)  BISHOP  OF 306 

ORR,  CAPT.  J.  A.         62 

O'SULLIVAN,  CAPT.  J.  J.,  J.P.,  F.R.G.S 263 

OSSULSTON,  LORD       38 

OSTERTAG,  MAJOR  R.,  C.V.0 7" 

OWEN,  MAJOR  F.  CUNLIFFE        70 

OXFORD,  RT.  REV.  THE  BISHOP  OF     23,  36 

PALMER,  HON.  WILLIAM  JOCELYN  LEWIS  33 

-*•      PARDO,  LIEUT.  DON  G.  Q 71 

PARKER,  REV.  WILFRID,  M.A 35 

PARSONS,  ALFRED,  ESQ.,  R.A 386 

PASEA,  CAPT.  HENEAGE  GOLDIE  34'',  347 

PATIALA,  H.H.  MAHARAJAH  OF,  K. C.S.I ...      66 

PAUL,  COL.  G.  R.  C 69 

PAUL,  SIR  JAMES  B •••      37 

PEASE,  EDSON  L.,  ESQ 310,311 

PELLATT,  SIR  HENRY  MILL,  C.V.O.,  D.C.I 3",  312 

PELLETIER,  LIEUT.-COL.  HON.  JOSEPH  PANTALEON       ...  ...    3'5 

PELLETIER,  HON.  LOUIS  PHILIPPE,  M.P 3if> 

PELLY,  MISS  EVELYN          3" 

PENALVER,  CAPT.  DON  A.  M ?i 

PERAK,  RAJAH  ABDUL  RASHII)  OF      

PERAK,  RAJAH  CHULAN  OF         •••      63 

PERAK,  RAJAH  HARUN-AL-RASHID  OF         63,  -3^' 

PERAK,  H.H.  SULTAN  OF,  G.C.M.G ...     ('3 

PERCY,  LORD  ALGERNON,  M.  A.,  J.P.,  D.L •••     68 

471 


INDEX 

PAGE 
PERKINS,  REV.   JOCELYX,  M.A 32 

PERRONE,  BARONESS  MARIA         24 

PETERBOROUGH,   RT.    REV.   THE    BISHOP  OP  23,  36 

I'HAYRE,   MAJOR-GEN.   ARTHUR,  C.B 147 

PHEROZSHAH  MEHTA,  SIR 89 

PHILIP,   H.R.H.   PRINCE,  OF  SAXE-COBURG   AND  GOTHA  6,  26,   150 

PHILLIPS,  LIEUT.-COL.  DON  E 70 

PIACENTINI,  MAJOR-GEN.  COMMENDATORE  SETTIMIO     24 

PLENDER,  SIR  WILLIAM,  E.G. A.,  F.S.S 148 

PLUNKET,  LORD,  G.C.M.G.,  K.C.V.0 33 

PLUXKET,  HON.  TERENCE  CONYNGHAM          33 

POE,   ADMIRAL  SIR  EDMUND,   K. C.B 113 

POE,  LADY  113 

POENARDO,  MADAME  24 

POLE-CAREW,  J.  G.,  ESQ 40 

PONSOXBY,   LIEUT.-COL.  SIR  P.   E.   G.,  K.C.V.O.,  C.B 19,  40,  77,   122 

PONSONBY,  CAPT.  HON.  MYLES,  M.V.0 30 

POXSOXBY-FAXE,  RT.  HOX.  SIR  SPENCER  C.B.,  G.C.B 27 

PORTLAND,  DUCHESS  OF      51 

PRATAP  SINGH,  MAJOR-GEN.   H.H.  SIR,   OF   IDAR,  G. C.S.I.,   K.C.B.,   A.D.C.  17,  74,  91,  97,   101 

PRESTON,  EDWARD,  ESQ 35 

PRIDEAUX-BRUNE,  EDMUND  NICHOLAS,  ESQ 33 

PRINGLE,  JOHN,  ESQ.,  K.C.M.G.,  M.B.C.M 347,  34« 

PRINGLE,  MAJOR-GEX.  R.,  C.B.,  D.S.O IS,  7° 

PRUSSIA,   H.R.H.   PRIXCE  HEXRY  OF      7.  25 

PUDUKOTA,  H.H.   RAJAH  OF  66 

PURDEY,  A.  S.,  ESQ 452 

PURDEY,  CECIL  O.,  ESQ 453 

PURDEY,  JAMES,  ESQ.  45 1 

PURDEY,  JAMES,  &  SONS      45° 

PUTNAM,  MAJOR  GEORGE  HAVEN,  LiTT.D 371 

PUTNAM,  GEORGE  PALMER,  ESQ 369 

PUTNAM'S,  G.  P.,  SONS  369 

O  AINSFORD-HANNAY,  BRIG.-GEN.  F.              •••  '5 

•*•*•     RAJEPAKSE,  TUDOR  DEDRICK,   ESQ ...  217 

RAJPIPLA,   H.H.   RAJAH  OF •••  66 

RAMPUR,  H.H.  NAWAB   OF,  G.C.I. E.,  G.C.V.O.  (H.H.  SIR   MOHAMMAD  ALI   KHAN) I5>S 

RANBIR  SINGH,  H.H.  SIR,   K. C.S.I.              •••  '93 

RASHID,  RAJAH  ABDUL         •••  23^> 

RASHID,    RAJAH   HARUN-AL-  63,236 

RAWSON,   R.   GEOFFREY  H.,  ESQ.             3<5 

RAYBAUD,  COL.   DON  E 7" 

REED,  LIEUT.-COL.  H.  L-,  V.C 6- 

472 


INDEX 

PAGE 

REID,  PETER,  ESQ 35 

REID,  RICHARD,  ESQ 317 

REXDORP,  LIEUT.  JOXKHEER      70 

REXOUF,  LIEUT. -COL.  EDWARD  MICHAEI 318 

REXSHAW,  THOMAS  ARTHUR,  ESQ 37 

REVELSTOKE,  LORD,  G.C.Y.O 27 

RICE,  HOX.  CHARLES  ARTHUR  URYAX          33 

RICHARDS,  CAPT.  ADOLPHUS       348 

RICHARDS,  MAJOR  GEORGE  ROBERT 264 

RICHMOXD,  DUKE  OF,  K.G.,  G.C.V.O.,  C.B 38,  42,  68 

RIPON,  RT.  REV.  THE  BISHOP  OF        3Q,  42 

RIPUDAMAX  SIXGH,  H.H.,  F.R.G.S.,  M.R.A.S 208,  209 

ROBERTS,  F. -MARSHAL  EARL,  V.C.,  K.G.,  K.P.,  G.C.K.,  O.M.,  G.C.S.I.,  G.C.I.F,.    15,  21,  37,  70,  115 

ROGERS,  HIS  HOXOUR  THE  HOX.  liEXJAMIX        320 

ROGERS,  SIR  R.  H 62 

ROMILLY,  LORD          39 

ROSEBERY,  EARL  OF,  K.G.,  K.T 21,34,45 

ROSS,  AXDREW,  ESQ 33 

ROUMANIA,  H.R.H.  PRIXCE  OF     7,  24 

ROUMANIA,  H.R.H.  PRIXCESS  OF  7,  24 

ROXBURGHE,  DUKE  OF,  K.T.,  M.Y.0 37,  42 

ROYAL  SOCIETY  FOR  THE  PREVEXTIOX  OF  CRUELTY  TO  AXIMALS        401 

ROYDEX-TURXER,  LIEUT 265 

RUPPRECHT,  H.R.H.  PRIXCE,  OF  BAVARIA 6,26 

RUSSELL,  LIEUT.  WILLIAM  •••    237 

RYLE,  RT.  REV.  BISHOP  H.  E.,  D.D 32,  42 

OANDAY,  REV.  CAXOX  WILLIAM,  D.D.          31 

^    SANDEMAN,  LIEUT.-COL.  J.  G.,  M.V.O •••     36 

SAVORY,  SIR  J.,  BART 62 

SAXE-COBURG   AND  GOTHA,  H.I.R.H.   DOWAGER  DUCHESS  OF  (DUCHESS  OF 

EDINBURGH)         I0>  3° 

SAXE-COBURG  AXD  GOTHA,  H.R.H.  DUCHESS  OF 6,  26 

SAXE-COBURG  AXD  GOTHA,  H.R.H.  DUKE  OF        6>  26 

SAXE-COBURG  AXD  GOTHA,  H.R.H.  PRIXCE  LEOPOLD  OF  5,  27,  149 

SAXE-COBURG  AXD  GOTHA,  H.R.H.  PRIXCE  PHILIP  OF •••    <>,  26,  150 

SAXE-MEIXIXGEX,  H.R.H.  HEREDITARY7  PRIXCESS  OF 6 

SAXOXY,  H.R.H.  PRIXCE  JOHAXX  GEORGE  OF      ...  6>  26 

SAXONY,  H.R.H.    PRIXCESS  JOHAXX   GEORGE  OF     ...  6,26 

SAYAJI  RAO,   H.H.   SIR  (GAEKWAR  OF   BARODA)       ...  65,  159 

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN,   H.H.   PRIXCE  ALBERT  OF   ...  '9 

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIX,   H.R.H.    PRIXCE  CHRISTIAN'   OF,    K.G.,  G.C.V.O.  19,  77,   114,  123 

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIX,   H.R.H.   PRIXCESS  CHRISTIAN   OF  ...        10,  28,  114,   123 
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIX,  H.H.   DUKE  ERXST  GUXTHER  OF 

GG  473 


INDEX 

PACK 

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN,  H.H.  PRINCESS  MARIE  LOUISE  OF        9,  28 

SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN,  H.H.  PRINCESS  VICTORIA  OF       9,  28 

SCHONBURG-HARTENSTEIN,   H.S.H.  MAJOR-GEN.   PRINCE   ALOIS          23 

SCOTT,  MAJOR  T.  E..  C.I.E.,  D.S.O.  65 

SCOTT,   HON.   WALTER  321 

SCOTT,   HON.   WILLIAM   WALTER 39 

SCOTT-ELLIOT,  MAJOR  C.  R 65 

SCRYMGEOUR-WEDDERBURN,  LIEUT.-COL.  H 34 

SEFTON,  LADY 112 

SELBORNE,  EARL  OF,  K.G.,  G.C.M.G 33 

SERVIA,  H.R.H.  HEREDITARY  PRINCE  ALEXANDER  OF  7,  24 

SETON,  WALTER  WARREN,  ESQ.,  M.A 151 

SETTRINGTON,  LORD 38 

SEYMOUR,   CAPT.   EDWARD,  M.V.0 30 

SHAFTESBURY,  COUNTESS  OF        36,85,93,117.121 

SHAFTESBURY,  EARL  OF,  K.C.V.0 12,36,72,85,93,97,121 

SHAHPURA,   THE  RAJADHIRAJA  OF        66 

SHARPE,  SIR   A.,   K.C.M.G.,   C.B 63 

SHARPS,   LADY 63 

SHAUGHNESSY,  SIR  THOMAS,   K.C.V.0 3-=-',  432 

SHEFFIELD,  THOMAS  WILLIAM,  ESQ.,  F.R.C.1 323 

SHEPPARD,   REV.   CANON  EDGAR,   C.V.O.,   D.I) ...        32 

SHEPPARD,  LIEUT.  E.  21,  77 

SHORE,  REV.  CANON  T.  T.,  M.A 31 

SHORTER,  CLEMENT  K.,   ESQ 375,  37^ 

SHREWSBURY,  EARL  OF,  K.C.V.0 3« 

SHRIMANT  NARAYAN  RAO  BOLIA  211 

SIFTON,  HON.  ARTHUR  LEWIS,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  D.C.L.,  K.C 324 

SINGAPORE,  RT.   REV.  THE  BISHOP  OF  238 

SINGH,  SIRDAR  RAJKUMAR  66 

SLACK,  MAJOR  WILLIAM  J.  349 

SLATIN   PASHA,  SIR  RUDOLPH,   K.C.M.G.,  M.V.O in 

SLINGER,  CAPT.  DAVID  LEOPOLD  35O 

SLOCUM,  MAJOR  S.  L'H 7° 

SMITH,   REV.   CANON  CLEMENT,  M.V.O.,  M.A 3' 

SMITH,  RT.  HON.  SIR  DONALD  ALEXANDER.G.C.M.G.,  G.C.V.O.  (LORD  STRATHCOXA)         ...      325 

SMITH,  SIR  JAMES  DUNLOP  *7 

SMITH,   CAPT.   JAMES  LIGHTBOURN         35' 

SMITH,   JOHN  OBED,   ESQ.      ...        * •••      328 

SMITH,   COL.  MANNERS,  V.C.  i°8 

SMITH-DORRIEN,  LIEUT.-GEN.   SIR  HORACE,   K.C.B.,   D.S.O 85,  91,   119 

SOCIETY,  NATIONAL  ANTI-VIVISECTION  ..-398 

SOCIETY,  ROYAL,  FOR  THE  PREVENTION  OF  CRUELTY  TO  ANIMALS         ...  ...     401 

SOMERSET,  DUKE  OF  38,  42 

474 


INDEX 

PACE 

SPAIN,   H.R.H.   INFANTE   DOX  FERXAXDO  OF  24 

SPENCER,  EARL,  G.C.Y.0 12,35,47,74 

SPENCER,  HOX.  GEORGE  CHARLES         35 

SPENCER-CHURCHILL,  LORD  IVOR  C 40 

"  SPHERE,  THE  "  375 

SPOTTISWOODE,   W.   HUGH,   ESQ 377,  378 

oTAMFORDHAM,    LORI),   G.C.V.O.,    K.C.B.,    K. C.S.I.,   K.C.M.G.,    I.S.O.  (sir  also  ]il.  ll,,n.  Sir  A.  .1 . 

Bit/i/c)     ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          ...          85,91,  121 

STANLEY,  HOX.  OLIYER  FREDERICK  GEORGE         38 

STANTON,  COL.   HENRY  ERNEST,  C.B.,    D.S.O.  13,69,91,218 

STEPHEX,  CAPT.   D.  C.  21,  77 

STEPHEXSOX,   ADMIRAL  SIR   HEXRY  F.,   G.C.Y.O.,   K.C.B.  38 

STEVENSON,  COL.  J.,  C.I5.  13,  68 

STEVENSON,  J.  H.,  ESQ 32 

STEWART,  BT.-COL.   J.  II 69 

STEWART,   LORD,   G.C.M.G.,   G.C.Y.0 38 

STOCKLEY,  MAJOR  II.  R 91 

STRATHCOXA,   LORD,  G.C.M.G.,  G.C.Y.0 325 

STRATTON,  REV.  J.,  M.A 395 

STREATFEILD,  COL.  H.,  M.V.0 15,  74 

STRONG,   RT.   HON.  SIR  T.   VEZEY  (LORD  MAYOR  OF   LOXDOX,    1911)  38,  72,  74 

STUART- WORTLEY,   RT.   HOX.   CHARLES   BEILBY,   K.C.,   M.P 152 

STUART,   RT.   HON.   JAMES 439 

SUAREZ,   COL.   DOX   P.  70 

SURADEJ,   LIEUT. -COL.   PHRA  SOXG         25 

SUTHERLAND,  DUCHESS  OF  51 

SWAIN,   LIEUT. -COL.   HOX.   GEORGE   LLENVELLYX   DOUGLAS,   V.D 352 

SWEDEX,   H.R.H.  CROWN   PRINCE  OF      7.  ^4 

SWEDEN,   H.R.H.   CROWN   PRINCESS  OF 7,  -=4 

SYNGE,  R.  F.,  ESQ 23 

X   JIAK   KIM,  THE   HOX.,  C.M.G 239 

TATA,   SIR   DORABJI   J.  219 

TATA,   LADY          221 

TATE,   REAR-ADMIRAL   A.   G.  83 

"TATLER,  THE"  375 

TAYLOR,   LIEUT.   ARTHUR   JAMES  266 

TECK,   H.S.H.   PRINCE  ALEXANDER  OF,   G.C.Y.O.,   D.S.O 19 

TECK,  H.R.H.   PRIXCESS   ALEXAXDER  OF         9,  3" 

TECK,  H.S.H.  DUCHESS  OF 9,  3" 

TECK,   H.S.H.   DUKE  OF,  G.C.V.O.,  C.M.G.  19,77,85,88,91,97,119 

TECK,  H.S.H.   PRINCE  GEORGE  OF  37 

TECK,  H.S.H.  PRINCESS  HELENA  OF       30 

TECK,  H.S.H.  PRINCESS  VICTORIA   OF 3" 

475 


INDEX 

PACE 

TENGELY,  CAI'T.  JOHN  ARTHUR  CLARENCE              354 

THORN,  GEORGE  F.,  ESQ 446 

THORN,   HENRY  A.   A.,   ESQ 445 

THORNE,  CAPT.  STANLEY  CLIFFORD,  J.P 355 

TINNEVELLY  AND  MADURA,  RT.   REV.   THE   BISHOP  OK 222 

TOGO,  ADMIRAL  COUNT  HEIHACHIRO,  O.M 24 

TOMLINSON,  CAPT.  ALFRED  JAMES         267 

TREFUSIS,   LADY   MARY           3^ 

TRELOAR,  SIR   \V.   P.,   BART.             62 

TROTTER,  MAJOR-GEN.  J.  K 83 

TSAI  CHEN,   H.H.   PRINCE,   OF  CHINA 5,  27 

TUCK,  SIR  ADOLPH      383 

TUCK,  DESMOND  A.,  ESQ 387 

TUCK,  GUSTAVE,  ESQ.             3§4 

TUCK,    RAPHAEL,   &  SONS,   LD 381 

TUCKER,  CAPT.   RICHARD  J.             355 

TUDOR-TUDOR,   CAPT.   F.   C.               ^9 

TURNER,   LIEUT.-COL.   HON.   JOHN  HERBERT              ...  3^9 

TYRONE,  EARL  OF       ...  36 

TYRWHITT,   REV.   CAXON   HON.   L.   F.,  M.V.O.,   M.A ...  31 

TYRWHITT-DRAKE,  THOMAS,   ESQ 35 


u 


MAR  HAYAT   KHAN,   CAPT.  THE  HON.   MALIK,   C.I.E.,   M.V.O. 


"\7"AX   HORNE,  SIR   WILLIAM  CORNELIUS,    K.C.M.G.  ...  290 

*        VELLA,  MAJOR  ALFRED       360 

VERNEY,  GERALD,  ESQ 37 

VICENS,   MAJOR   DON   J. •••  7« 

VON   VIGNAU,   HERR •••  3° 

VILLIERS,   HON.   KATHERINE          •••  3 6 

VIVISECTION,   BRITISH   UNION  FOR  ABOLITION   OF            ...  ...  393 

VON   BARENSl'RUNG,   LIEUT.-COL.              7° 

VON    BARNEKOW,   MAJOR  FREIHERR      ...  /I 

VON  BRUSELLE-SCHAUBECK,  BARON     ...  25 

VON  DONOP,   BRIG. -GEN.  S.   B •••  7° 

VON  FINCK,   BARONESS          ...  26 

VON  KOECKRITZ,  OBERHOFMEISTER     ...  25 

VON  MECZENZEP,  CAPT.  J.  SCHMEEZ      ...  70 

VON  MESZLING,  CAPT ...  70 

VON   PASSARANT,  FRAULEIN           3° 

VON  PLESSEN,  F. -MARSHAL,  G.C.V.O ...  23 

VON    PONCIvT,    CAPT •••  71 

VON  RACKNITZ,   BARONESS  EMMA            •••  2<5 

VOX   ROCHO\V,    BARON  

476 


INDEX 

PACK 

VON  ROTSMANN,   BARONESS            25 

VON  SALZA  UND  LICHTENAU,   BARON 26 

VON  SECKENDORPF,  VICE-ADMIRAL  FREIHERR      25 

VON  SCHACK,  CAPT 26 

VON  SCHWICHELDT,  OBERHOFMEISTERIN  GKAFIN            25 

VON  STEINAECKER,   LIEUT.   FREIHERR             7" 

VON  THIELMANN,  LIEUT.  FREIHERR 7' 

VON  THUNA,   BARONESS        26 

VON  UND  ZU  LIECHTENSTEIN,  MAJOR  H.S.H.    1'RINCK   FREDERICK,   M.Y.O 70 

VON  UND  ZU  MENTZINGEN,   BARON        26 

VON  WEDEL,  COUNTESS        23 

VRBITZA,  CAPT.   BLAJO           24 

•f  T.TAKEFIELD,  SIR  C.  C.,  BART.            62 

*~        WALES,   H.R.H.   PRINCE  OF,   K.G.             ...          i<>,  27,  49,  55,  78,  85,  114,  117,  119,  122,  124,  126 

WALKER,  SIR   [BYRONj   EDMUND,  C.V.O.,   D.C.L.,   LL.D •••  33' 

WALKER,   RT.   HON.  SIR  SAMUEL,   BART.           ...  35 

WALLINGTON,  E.  WT.,  ESQ.,  C.V.O.,  C.M.G •••  37 

WALSH,  HON.   ARTHUR,  C.V.0 23 

WALSH,  MAJOR  GEORGE  INVERARITY               "53 

WANDEL,  VICE-ADMIRAL  C.   P.,  G. C.M.G.             •••  24 

WARD,   RT.   HON.  SIR  JOSEPH  GEORGE,    BART.,   LL.D.,   K. C.M.G.  63,  244 

WARD,   W.   DUDLEY,  ESQ.,   M.P 33 

WARD,   LADY        63 

WARD,  LEO,  ESQ 3« 

WARRENDER,  VICTOR,  ESQ 3f> 

WATERFORD,  MARQUESS  OF,  K. P.  3<%  42 

WATERLOW,  LADY       

WATSON,  HARRISON,  ESQ 333 

WATSON,  LIEUT.-COL.              9-' 

WEIDENHEILM,  MLLE.  DE 24 

WEISS,  LIEUT.  E 

WELDON,  W.  H.,  ESQ.,  C.V.O.  

WELLINGTON,   DUKE  OF.   K.G.,   G. C.V.O •••  34 

WEMYSS,   REAR-ADMIRAL  R.   E 74 

\VENDOVER,  VISCOUNT          

WENTWORTH-FITZWILLIAM,  CAPT.   HON*.   W.   C.,  C.V.O.      ...  '9,  4O 

WESTCOTT,   VEX.   F.   B.,   M.A.   (ARCHDEACON  OF  NORWICH)         ...  3' 

WESTPORT,  VISCOUNT  

WESTMINSTER,  RT.  REV.  THE   DEAN  OF  32,  42 

WHITNEY,   HON.  SIR  JAMES   PLINY,   K.C.                                                                                                     •••  334 

WIGRAM,  BT.-MAJOR  C.,  M.V.O •••    '5.  74,  85,  91,  1 19 

WILBERFORCE,  VEN.  A.   B.  O.,  D.D 

WILKINSON,  CAPT.  N.  R.       ... 

477 


INDEX 

PAGE 

WILLIAMS,  GEOFFREY,  ESQ  ...............................     388 

WILLIAMS  &  NORGATE  .................................      3»7 

WILLIAMS,  SIR   RALPH  CHAMPNEYS,   K.C.M.G.  .....................      335 

WILLIAMS-TAYLOR,   FREDERICK,  ESQ  ............................      336 

WINCHESTER,   RT.    REV.   THE   BISHOP  OF         .....................  39,42 

WINDSOR,  VERY  REV.  THE    DEAN  OF    ........................  32,  137 

WINGATE,  LADY  ....................................      in 

WINGATE,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  FRANCIS  REGINALD,  G.C.V.O.,  K.C.B.,  K.C.M.G.,  D.S.O.  ...    88,  in,  364 

WOLLASTON,  G.   W.,   ESQ.,  M.V.0  ............................  27,  35 

WOOD,  CAPT.   A.   H  .....................................        21 

WOOD,  CAPT.  GERALD  GEORGE    ..............................     240 

WOOD,  P.-MARSHAL  SIR  H.   E.,   V.C.,  G.C.B.,   G.C.M.G.  ...............  15,  70 

WOOD,  YEN.  H.  S.,  D.D  ..................................       31 

WOOD,  JOHN,   ESQ.,   M.P.,  M.A.,  J.P.,   D.L  .........................      '54 

WOOD-MARTIN,   COL.   W.  G  ..................................        13 

WORCESTER,  MARQUESS  OF  ..............................        37 

WRAY,  LIEUT.-COL.  CECIL,  M.V.O.  ........................  42,44 

WRIGHT,   LIEUT.-COL.  T.   Y.  ..............................     226 

WtfRTEMBERG,  H.R.H.  DUKE  ALBRECHT  OF  ........................  6,  25 

WYNNE,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  A.  S.,  K.C.B  .........................  15,70 


,  CAPT.  C.  A.  1  ...................................       70 

YAUKOVITCH,  MON.   DRAGOMIR    ...........................        24 

YERMOLOFF,  LIEUT.-GEN.  SIR  N.,  K.C.V.0  .........................       70 

YORK,  MOST   REV.   THE   ARCHBISHOP  OF         ..................   21,35,41,42,124 

YOUNG,  HON.  SIR  JAMES  HENRY,   M.E.C.,  M.L.C  ......................      356 

YOUSSOUF  IZZEDIN  EFFENDI,  H.I.H.  HEREDITARY   PRINCE...  ............  8,  23 

^7  IA-ED-DIN,   PRINCE  .................................  88 

ZU  DOHNA-LAUCK,  CAPT.   BURGGRAF  UND  GRAF    ..................  7" 

ZU   PAPPENHEIM,  MAJOR  COUNT  ...........................  26 

ZU  SCHWEINSBURG,   CAPT.   BARON  G.  SCHENCK       .....................  25 


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