A new method of making common-place-books;

ofOTHKXng
Common - Place - Books ;

WRITTEN
By the late Learned Mr. John Loc^
Author ox tKe £ SSA Y concerning
Humane Vnderfanding.

^ranflateB from tfje jfrcntf).

TO WHICH

Is added Something from Monfieur Lc

Cierc, relating to the fame SubjeS.

ATREATISE neceffary for all Gentle-
men, efpecially Students of Viyinityfbyfick,
and Law.

There are alfo added Two Letters, containing a
moft Ufeful Method for inftrufting Perlbns that
are Deaf and Dumb, or that Labour under any
Impediments of Speech, to fpeak diflinftiy ; writ
by the Jate Learned Dr. John WallU, Geometry
Proefcff. Oxon, and F. R.S.

L N P Q H:

Pririted-fefr J. Greenwood, Bookfeller, -at the

End oiCornbil. next Stocks-Market, 1 706.

T O

Mr. Edward Northey ,
o F

HACKNEY.

S I R,

I Here Prefent you with a Method
of making Common-Vlacts , for
which I need make no Apology, when
I ftiall have told you that it was writ
by that Great Mafter of Reafon and
Method, the late Learned Mr* Lock.

I know very well that nothing of
that Great Man's can fail of meeting
with a kind Reception from you, who
have fo often expreffed the Pleafure
and Advantage you receive from his
Writings 5 and I make no doubt but
this Method will have its Share in your
Efteem, by being obferved in the Fu-
ture Courfe of your Studies.

A 2 I

Epifile Dedicatory.

I (hall forbear faying any Thing
of the Ufefulnefs of Common- Places in
General, it being Foreign to my pre-
fent Purpofe 5 neither is it my Bufi-
nefs here to relate how favourably the
Learned, both Ancient and Modern,
have fpoken of them, and with what
Suceefs they have us'd 'em.

It will be abundantly fufficient to-
wards their Recommendation if I tell
you that Tnlly was One among the
Former, and Mr. Lock among the
Latter.

But I (hall refer you to what I have
extracted from the very Learned Mon-
fieur k Cferc concerning this Matter,

It may be expe&ed that I mould
give fome Account of this Method 5
all that I (hall fay at prefent is, That
Mr. Lock having drawn it up during
his Travels abroad, communicated it
to feveral of his Friends, who mighti-
ly imporrun'd him to make it Pub-
lick 5 but he for a long Time declin'd
it, ( for Reafons which you will find
in his Efiftle prefixed to this Treatife )
tillatlaft, in Compliance whh their
repeated Requefts, he gave it to Mon-
ftenr k Clerc, who in the .Year 1686
Publifb'd it in French^ in the Second

Tome

Epifik Dedicatory,

Tonic of the BiblJothecjue Vnivtr-
fille.

This Method having met with Ge-
neral Approbation from the Learned
I thought it a Pity that any Thing of
Mr. Lock's mould be hid from any of
his Country-men, 1 in an unknown
Tongue: I have therefore made it
fpeak Englijh, and taken the Freedom
of Dedicating it to you, with the Ad-
dition of Two Letters, ( becaufe of
their Publick life) containing an
extraordinary and moft ufeful Me-
thod how to Teach Deaf and Dumb
Folks to Speak and Write aLanguage,
invented by that Great Man Jot>*
Wallis, Dr. in Divinity, Geometry
Profefibr in Oxford, and Fellow of
the Royal Society : Who, let it be
Recorded to his Immortal Hondur,
was the Firft in England that made
Art fupply the Defects of Nature, in
learning Perfons that were Deaf and
Dumb to Speak and Write diftin&Iy
and intelligibly. The Method that
the Doctor prefcribes is fo Plain, Fa-
miliar and Demonftrative, that any
Perfon of Common Ingenuity may
attain this Art with Eafe, and abun-
dance of Pleafure,

But

Epiftle Dedicatory.

But I am afraid, Sir, I have been too
tedious, therefore 1 (ball only add this,
May you goon,asyou have already be-
gun, to Cultivate a ftri& Friendfhip
with Virtue and Learning $ and while
many Young Gentlemen mind nought
but the Gratifying their foolifh Incli-
nations, may you purfue the Ratio-
nal Pleafures of the Mind, whofe
Fruits are Solid Joy and Comfort 5 in-
cited thereto on the one Hand by the
good Example of your Worthy Pa-
rents, as on the other by that
of your very Learned Uncle, who fo
Glorioufly Adorns the Great Pofl he
is in.

This, Sir, is the Hearty With and
Defire of ,

Your Friend and moft

Humble Servant,

Monfieur he Clercs Cha-
racter of Mr. LOCK'S
Method,

WITH HIS

ADVICE

About the

USE

O E

Common-Places.

IN all Sorts of Learning, andypeci-
ally in the Study of Languages, the
Memory is the Treafury or Store-houfe,
but the Judgment the Difpofcr, which
ranges in Order whatever it hath drawn
from the Memory : But leg the Me-
mory JhouldU typrejfed, or Over- bur- v

out

tens,

tf Mr. Le Clerc's Advice about

then'd by too many Things , Order and
Method art to be edited btH> its Affi-
ftavte. So that when we extract any
Thing out of an Author which is like to
be of future ZJfe, we may be able to find
it without any Trouble. For it would be
tp little Purpofe to fpend our Time in
Reading of Bool(s, if we could not apply
what we read to our TJfe. It would
bejujl for all the World at ferviceable
as a great deal of Hou(ho\d-Siuff, when
if we wanted any particular Thing we
Cthmella coui(l not tell where to find it. * It is

Ifuii. an ° ,d Sa y in g» That that is the Trueft

cap. ii. Poverty, when if you^iave Occafion
for any Thing, you can't ufe it, be-
caufe you know not where 'tis laid.
Many have Wrote, much en this Subje& y
and I have made Trial of them, but I
have never met with a better and more
tafie\ Method ', than that which I receivM

oii\mMe-from * f Friend, andpublifh'd in French

thodoi Ui.f omt Time fence.

fc And I have found, upon fever al Years

Experience, this Method, which is very
well adapted, not only to the Latin, but
alfo to the Greek Tongue, to be extraor-
dinary ufiful. Neither do I ever look,
upon my Latin or Greek CoUeBions y
but I call to mind the Kindnefs of that

Exw

the U'fc of Gmnm-IHaces. Hi

Excellent and Learned Ptrfirt, who
taught me that Method.

At the Entrance indeed upon any
Study, when the Judgment sr notfufftcj'
enlly confirm d y nor the Stock oflCnow-
ledge over large, fa that the Student*
are not very well acquainted with what js
worth Colleaing, fcarce anyThing is Ex-
traftedjbut what will be ujeM hut for a lit-
tle while ; beeaufe as the judgment grows
Ripe, thofe Things arc dejpis'd which
before were had in efieem. v Tet His of
Service to have ColleUuns of this Kind,
both that Students may learn, the Art of
putting "things in Order ^ as aIJo the
better retain what they Read.

But hen are Two Things carefully to
be obfervtd? the Firft is^that we ex-
traB only thofe Things which are Choice
.and Excellent , either for the Matter it
felf, orelfe for the Elegancy of the Ex-
.yfjfan, and not what comes next 5
for that Labour mould abate our
Defre to, go ontrith our Reading 5 nei-
ther are we to think that, au thofe things
are to be writ put which are called rVavxau,
or Sentences. Thofe Things alone are
. to be picked fiut t which, we cannot Jo rea-
dily call to mind, or for which we fhould
want proper Words and Exprejfiom.
B For

iv Mr. Le Cletc's Advice about

'For Inftanct; although the Story in that
Place of yirgil where thefeWords are 1 ,

Difcke Juftitiam raoniti, & non tem-

£ nere Divos.

Being warn'd, by afr^hefe Things,
learn to do that which is Juft, and
not to defpifethe Gods,

is worth taking Notice of, jet 1 would
noti/ave yon Write thefi Words down,
tecaufe there is Nothing in the Thing it
felf, or' in the Manner of Bxpreffion,
that is above the Reach of any Ordinary
Capacity. ,«"" *■' '

' 'The Second Thing which I would
have taken Notice of, is, that you don't
Write out too much, but only what is moft
Worthy of Obfervation, and to nua\the
Place of the Author from whence you Ex-
ifaU it, for cthcrwife it will cauje the
Lofs of too muchTimt*

Neither ought any TMng to he Collect-
ed t»hil/i you are bujted in Readings if
by taking the Pen in Handfbe Thread of
your Reading be broken off, for thai will
make the Reading both Tedious and Vn~
jiltafonU

The

the Ufe of Common-Places.

*

The PLces we dejigti to extraB from
are to be marked upon a piece of Paper,
thai we may do it after we have read the
Boo\out$ neither is if to he donejujl
after the Firji Reading over of the Book,
hut when we have read it a fecond time.
Thefe Things it's likely may feem Mi'
ftute and Trivial, hut without 'em great
T%htg* cannot fubffi^ and thefe being neg-
le&ed caufe very great Cmfitfson both of
Memory and Judgment, and that whieh a-
hove all Things is mo ft to be, valued, Lofs
of Time.

Some whootherwife were Men of mojl
extraordinary Parts, by theNegletityf
the/e things have committed great Errors,
which if they had beetrfo happy as to have
avoided, they would have been much more
ferviceable to the Learned Worid, andfo
coufequvttly to Mankind.

And in good Truth, They who defpift
fuch Things, do it not fo much from any
greater /hare of Wit that they have than
their Neighbours,asfromWantofJudg.
nteht 3 whence it is thai tbey do not well
understand how Vfeful Things Order
and Method are.

B 2

The INDEX,

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The

The INDEX.

KTTT

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lo
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Mii

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Mr.

EpiMe. Mr. LockV Letter to Monfienr Toi-
nard, containing a New and Eajfc.
Method of making Common-Place
Books, an exaB Index of which ntaj
be made in Two Pages.

I Do at length, Sir, obey you in Pub-
lifli'mg my Method of making Cm-
mon-Vlace Books. I am afnamed
that I fliould befo backward in Comply-
ing with your Defires •, but that which
you requefted of me, ieemed to me a
Thing fo inconfiderable, that I thought
it not worthy of publick View, efpcci-
ally in an Age fo abounding with Fine In-
ventions as ours.

' You know that I voluntarily commu-
nicated this Method to you, as I have
done to many othdrs, to whom I believ'd
it would not be unacceptable. It was
not then, as if I defign'd it for my own
private Ufe alone, that I have hitherto re-
fus'd the making of it Publick. I was of 0-
pinion, that the Kefpeft which One ought
to have for the Publick, would not furfer
me to preient it with an Invention of
fo finall an Importance 5 but the Obliga-
tions which you have laid me under, and
out Common Friendftrip, do not permit
me any longer to decline the following
your Advice. Your laft, Sir, has wholly
J determined me, and I believe that I ought

'not

C3)

e not to flick at thePabliChing my Method
c fince yon tell me that you have found
c it^ery ufcfiil after a Trial of leveral
c Yrars, as well as thofe of your Friends,
' to whom you have Communicated it. It
' is needlels for me here to relate what
c Profit I my felf have reap'd by the Ufe

* of it for above Twenty Years.

' I have fuflidently Entertained you

* with it when I was at Parts, about

* Seven or Eight Years ago, while I might
' have receiv'd great Benefit by your Learn*
c ed and Agreeable Convention. All the
*' Advantage that I aim at from this Wri-

* ting is publickly to teftifie the Efteem
' and Refpett that I have for you, and to
' declare how much I am, Sir, Your 4 &c.

SEfore we come to the Matter in Hand,
it may not be amifs to remark^ that
ibis Method is put in the fame Orders
that^the QolleUions ought to be put in. ToA
will perceive by the Reading of that which
follows what the Heads mean, which you fee
at the ToppftheBack of every Leafcand at
the Bottomed 7 this Page.

EBiO NI T E$.] In theGofpel of the Ebb-
nites, which they called the Gofpel accord-
ing to the Hebrews, the Hiftory which
is in Matthew XIX. \6. and the follow-
ing ones, was thus altefd ; One of the Rich
men J aid unto him, Mafier, What good thing
ntuft 1 do that I may have Eternal Life?
Jefus fail unto him, obey the^Law and the
Prophets. He anfwered, I have done it.

14. Jefus faid 'unto him, go fell I

AdmrarJ- I take a ^vVhke Paper Book of. what
orumMc $ ze \ t hfok fit, I divide the JTwo Fjrft

perpendicularly by other Lines, which I
draw from the Top of the Page to the
Bottom, as you may fee in the Table or
Index, which I have put before this Wri-
ting Afterwards I mark with Ink every
Fifth J^ineof the Twenty Five that I juft
now fpoke of.

f_ The ttber lanes are made with Red
Leal, but for -Conven'tency one may make
them with Black Lead^vsDkb it better for
Ufe than Red Lead.']

I pot at the Beginning of every Fjf\h
Space, or before the Middle, One of the
Twenty Lasers which are. defign'd for this
Ufe ; apa a little farther in every Space^
One of Jthe'Vowels in their Natural Order.
Thiols the Index or Table of the whole
Volume, be it of what Size fbever.
• The Inde* being thus made, I mark one, ; ,
in the other Pages of the Book, the Margin
with Black Lead ; I make it about the big'
flefiof an Inch, or a little bigger, if tie
Volume be in folio, but in a lefs Volume
the Margin is proportionably left alfo.

If I would put any Thing in my, Com-
mon-Place Book, I look a Head to which
I may refer it, that I may be able to Enid

%

C 5 )

it when I have ; Qcc$fion. Every Hta<l
ought to begin with iome Confiderable
Word that is Effenjtial to the Matter treated
of, and of this Word one muft carefully
obfeive the Firft fetter, and the Vowel
which follows it \ for upon thefe Two !
Letters depends the whole Ufe of our In-
dex*

I. leave out Three Letters of the Alpha-
bet as ufeleis, to wit, K, Y, W, which
are fiipplied by C, I, U, Letters of a like
Power. I put the Letter Q, which. is al-
ways followed by an U in the Fifth Space
of Z. By this throwing of the Letter
Qjnto the laft Space of my Index, I pre-
ferve its Uniformity, and do not at all
fliorten the Length of it : For it vefy fel-
dom happens that one meets with an Head
that begins with Z U, and I have not
found fo much a$ One 'ibi the Space of
Five and Twenty Years, during which
Time I have made ufe of this Method.
Yet nevertbeleii, if it be needful, nothing
will hinder but that you may put it in the
fame Space with Q.U, provided you make
fome Sort of Diftiu&ion.

But one may, for moreEkaSkrffiis,affign
to Q.a Place at the Bottom of the Index,
which I have done formerly.

^ When I meet with aay thing worth put-*

'•ting into my CoaimonrBlacetBook, Ipte-

C fently

V. 060

adVersariorum methodus.

fently' look for a proper. Head. Siippofe,
for Example, the Head were Epiftle ■, I
look in the Index the Firft, Letter with
thq Vowel that follows, which in this
Cafe are E I. If there is found any Num-
ber in the Space marked E I, that fhows
methe Space defign'd for Words which
begin with E, and whpfe Vowel that im-
mediately follows is f, I muft refer to
the Word Epiftle in that Page what I
have to take notice o€ I Write the Head
in pretty large Letters, fo that the princi-
pal Word is found in the Margin^ and I
continue the Line in writing on what I
have to remark. I conftantly obferve this
Method, that nought but the Head appear
in the Margin, and go on without carrying
the Line again into the Margin. When
one has thus. pielerv'd the Margin clear,
the Heads prefent themfelves at Firft Sight

If in the Index I find no Number in the
Space E I, I look in my Book the Firft
Backfide of the Page that I find blank,
which Backfide in a Book where there is
nothing elfe but the Index, muft be the
Second Page.

I'write then in my Index after E I the
Number 2, and the Head EPISTLE at
the Top of the Margin of the Second
Page, and all that is to be put under this
Head in the fame Page,' as you fee I have
done in the Second Page^pf this Writing.'

Since

(r )

Since the Clafs EI. does folely.take.up
the Second and Third Page, one may tnake
life of tfiofe Pages only for Words which
begin, with E, and whofe next Vowel is I,
as EpicurmfEbiomtcs, Epigram, Edi8 r &c. * see the
The Reafon why I always begin at the Bottom of
Top of the Back of the Page, and thic I ^ e ™
afftgn to one Clafs the Two Pages which *
face one another, rather than a whole Leaf,
is that the Heads of this Clafs may appear
all at once, otherwife you muft be at the
Trouble of turning over the Leaf.

Whensoever I would write a new Head,
in my Common-Place Book, I look prefent-
ly in my Index for the Chara^eriftiqkLet-
ters of the Word, and I lee by the Num-
ber which follows them where the Page
affign'd to t;he Clafs of this Head is. But
if there be no Number to be found, I muft
look/ the Firft Back of the next Blank Page.
I mark its Number in the Index, and fp
I preferve this ?age, with the Right.Side
of the following Leaf for this new Clafs.
Let the Word be for Example Adpfrfyria^
if I fee no Number ip the Space A E, 1 look
the Firft Empty Back of a Leaf, which
finding in the Fourth Page, I put" in the
Space A E the Number 4, and in the 4th
Page the Head Adverfaria, with all that
ought to be put under this Head, as I have
already done.
After that, this Fourth Page with the
V. Fifth' that follows it, is referv'd for

C 2 the

V. (8)

ADVERSARJOR UM METHODVS.
the Qafi A E ; that is to fay for
Heads which begin with A and where
the following Vowel in the Word is E,
as Age/thus Aeheron, Anger, &c.

When the Two- Pages defign'd for
this head are quite full, then look for
the Back of the next Blank Page : If
it is that which immediately follows,
I write at the Bottom of the Margin
in the Page that I have laft
filled up, the Letter V, that is Verte,
Turn over •, and likewife at the Top of
the Page following. If the Pages which
immediately N follow are already taken
up by other Clafles,, I write at the Bot-
tom of the Page laft rilled up the Num-
ber of the next Back of the Page. I
fet down again the Wad of which it
treats^ under which I go on to write
what I have to put into my CoMthon-
f lace-Book, as if it were in the fame
l>age. At the Top of this new Back I
•fet down alio the Number of the Page
which has been laft filled up. By thefe
Numbers, which refer to one another,
the i ft of which is at theEnd ofonePage,
and the 2d at the Beginning df another,
one reads the Matter which is fepara-
ted as well as if there was nothing be-
tween them. For by this Reciprocal
Reference of Numbers, one turns over
as one Leaf all thbfe Which are between
them, as if they were join'd together.

You

C 9 )

You have an Example of it in the
Third and/Fourteenth Pages.

Every Time ' I put a Number at the
Bottom of a Page, I put it alfo in the
Index i but when I put only V, I make
no Alteration in the Index ; the Reafon
of which you will learn by Ufe.

If the principal Word of the Head
be a Monofyllable, ( or a Word of One
Syllable) and begins with a Vowel, this
Vowel is at the fame Time both the
Firft Letter of the Word, and the Cha-
ratleriftick Vowel ; fol write the Word
Art in A a, and Elf in E e.

It may be ieen by what I have faid,
that one is to begin to write every Glafe
of Words on the Back of the Page;
It may from thence happen that the
Backs of all the Pages may be full,
while there may be*Righl: Sides enough » see the
which do yet remain empty. If you fifteenth,
have a Mind then to fill up the Book, fjygj*
you may affign thefe Right Sides, which % eBt h ?l.
are yet entirely blank, to new Clafles. ges> &c.

If any one thinks that thefe Hundred
Claffes are not fufficient to take in all
Sorts of SubjeQs without Conftfion, he
may, following the fame Method, in-
creafe the Number to Five Hundred, by
adding a Vowel. But having try'd both
the one and^the other Metttbd; J pre-
fer the. former, and Ufe will. convince
thofe that (hall make Tryal-of it that
V,it is fufficient for all Subjects, efpecial-

17

V. ( io )

APVE RSAR IORUM METHODUS
ly if they have a Book for every Sci-
ence, in which they make their Col le-
gions, or. at leaft Two, for the Two
Heads to which we may refer all our
Knowledge, to wir, Moral and Natu-
ral Philofopby.

One may alfo add to them a Third
Book, which you may call the Science,
or Knowledge of S/£;zj,which refpectsthe
life of Words, and is of far larger Ex-
tent than the Ordinary Critical Art.

As .for the Language in which one
ought to expjjels the Titles,! believe the
Latin Tongue to be the molt Conveni-
ent, provided one always obferves the
Nominative Cafe, leaft in DiiTyllables,
(or Wqrds of Two Syllables; or in
Monolyllables which begin with a Vow-
el,the Change: which happens in the Ob*
lique Cafe«lh.ould caul? Confufion. But
k does not, much matter what Language
you make Ufe of, provided you do not
mix the Beads of different Languages
together.

To remark a Place in an Author from
whom I would colleft any Thing j
make ufe' of this Method : Before j[ .
write down any thing I put the Name
of my Author in my Common-? lacer
Book) and, under that Name, the Title
of the '. Treatife I am reading, the Vo-
jjwne, fhe 'Yitne and Place of the Edi-
tion, and (what ought never to be o-

mitted )

(. M >.

mitted ) the Number of the Pages that
the whole Book contains. For Exam-
ple, I put in the Oafs M. A. Mdr-
Jhami Canon Chronicur, JF.gypt incus,
Gracus, & Difqitijitiones, Vol. Lond.
1672, p. 626. This Number of the
Pages ferves me for the future to mark
the Particular Treatife of the Author,
and the Edition that I make ufe of. 1 <
have no more Need to mark the Place
otherwife, than by putting in the Num-
ber of the Page from whence I have
Collected/what I have writ over the
Number of the Pages of the whole Vo-
lume. You will fee an Example of it
in Acberufia, where the Number 259
is over the Number 626, that is to fay,
the Number of the Pages where the Place
is that is treated of, over the Number
of the Pages of all the Volume. So I not
only avoid the Trouble of writing Ca-
non, ©V. but I can alfo, by the Help'of
the Rule of Three, find the fame Paffege
in any other Edition whatever, by look-
ing the Number of Pages that the Edi-
tion I have not made- ufe : of contains ;
fipce the Edition which I have ufed ha-
ving 626 Pages, hath given me 259. I
confefs one does not always hit upon
tire very Page, becaufe of the Spaces
which may be made in different Editi-
ons, which are not always propor-
tionally equal •, but neverthelefs you are
r . never very far off of the Page'; and 1t- is

much

A WE RSARWRUM METHODUS.
much better to find out the Paflage with-
in fome few Pages of the Place, than to
be at the Trouble of turning over the
whole Book to find it : as you muft
do if the Book has no Index, or where
the Index is not very corre£t

A CHERUS IA. ] Tratum, fi3a mortu-
orum Habita.no eft Locus prope Mem*
pbim,juxta Paludem, quam vocant Acke-
rufiam, &c. This is a Paflage taken out
of the Firft Book of Diodorus Si cuius,
the Senfe of which is this : The Fields,
where they feign the Habitation of the
Dead to be, is a Place not far from
Memphis, near the Matfh called Ache-
. rujia, where there are moft Delightful
Fields, with Lakes and Woods of Lotus
and Calamus*

It is not without Reafon then that
Orpheus fays the Dead inhabit thole
Places, becaufe it is there that the moft
and greateft Funeral Solemnities of the
Mgyptjans are Celebrated ; they carry
the Dead over the River Nile, and the
Marfh Acberufia, and lay them in Sub-
terraneous Vaults.

There are other Stories among the
Grecians concerning the Shades below,
which are very like thofe Stories which
are invented at this Day in Mgypt. For

they

C*3)

£hey call the Boat.which carries over the
Dead Darts, arid" a Piece of Money is
given to the Waterman for his Pallage,
whole Name in the Language of that
Country is called Charon. Not far from
this Place there is the Temple of
Gloomy Hecate, alio the Gates of Qcy-
tus and Lethe, (hut up with great Bra-
zen Bars ; there are alfo other Gates,
called the Gates of Truth, before which
ftands the Statue of Jufiice without au
Head. Marjham 14^.

*'*

V ***
V

D EBIO-

( 14 r \

EBIONITES.] S?ll all that tfcou bag,
and give -if to the ? °?% *b*ri come tit?]}
follow me: Bui at that tbf.Rtcb Man be-
gan to (cratch his Head, and was not at
all pleas' 'd with the 'Advice that Jefu$
Save him. And the toritfaid unto bifi?-
how Jay you I have fulfilled the 'Law ana]
the Prof bets, fihce it is written in the
haw, thou Jhalt love thy Neighbour as
ttiy'Jelfi and lo there are many of thy
brethren, the Children of Abjaharri, «p&
have bad Raiment, and die viitb Hunger*
while no Help is adminifired to them
fromyou, thd 'yourHoufe abounds with all
Good Things ? And having turnd to Si-
mon, his Difciple, who fat next him, Si-
mon, thou Son of Johanna, faid he, it
is eajier for a Camel to go through the
Eye of a Needle, than for a Rich Man
to enter into the kingdom of Heaven.
Ebion alter'd this Paflage of theGofpeL
becaufe he did not acknowledge Chrirc
to be the Son of God, not a Law-giver,
but a baie Interpreter of the Law which
was given by Mofes. Grotius ±1$-.

HERE-

C itf )

HERETICKS.] Noftrum 'igitur jult
el'igere & opt are meliora^ ut ad veftram
correQionem aditum haberemus. Augu-
filnus Tuw. VI, Col. \\6. jol. Bq/ilea
1542. contra Epiji. Mamcbaiy quam va-
cant Fundamenti. " We believed that
" other Methods ought to be taken , in
" Order to make you TetracT: your Er-
" rors •, Affronts and Inve£tives are by
" all Means to be avoided, ill Ufage
" and Perfection are never likely to
"fucceed; but the only Way to draw
w you is by kind Difcourfes and Exhorta-
" tions, which may demonftrateourten-
" der Concern foryou 5 according to that
" of the Scripture, a Servant of the
tc Lord ought not to.be Quarrelfom, but
" Gentle to all Men * Apt to teach,Pati r !
" ent,and with Modefty,to reprove thofe
t( that are notlike-minded.Let thofe Per-
fons rigoroufly treat you, who know not
how difficult it is'to come to the Know-
ledge of Truth, and to avoid Errors. Let
thofe Perfons rigoroufly treat you, who
know not how hard a Matter it is, and
and how feldom Effected, to caufe
Carnal Imaginations to give way to Spi-
ritual and Pious ones. Let thofe Perfons
rigoroufly treat you, who are not fertfi-
ble of the extream Difficulties that there
are to purine the Eye of the inward
Man, in Order to make it capable of
perceiving Truth, which is the Sun of

jothe Soul Let

CON-

■(■I* )

CONFESSION OF FAITH.] fe-
ricubfum nobis a&modutn atque etiam
mijerabile eft, tot nunc fides exiftere,
quot voluntates 5 £? tot nobis doUrinas
effe quot mores, &c. Hilarius, p. 211.
in Lib. ad Conjiantium Auguflum. Bafil.
1 570, Vol It is a Thing both Deplora-
ble and Dangerous, that there are now
as many Confeffions of Faith as there
are Wills, as many Opinions as Incli-
nations, and as many Sources of Blaf
phemy as there are Vices, whilft we
make as many Confeffions ofFaith as we
pleaie, andGlofs upon them as we think
fit. And as there is but One God, One
Lord, and One Baptifm, fo there is but
Oneraith, which One Faith we Re-
nounce when we make many different
Confeffions •, and certainly this Diverfi-
ty is the Caule that there is no mwe
true Faith to be found. Wearecon-
vinc'd, that after the Council at Nice
there was nothing, either on one Side
or t'other, but writing Confeffions of
Faith. And while they contend about
Words, while they debate about Novel
Queftions, while they difputc about E-
quivocal Terms, while they complain
of Authors, while every Body endea-
vours to advance his own Party, while

24110 one can agree,

HERE,

HERETICKS.] Let thofe Petfons rigo-
roufly treat you,who know not how many
Sighs and Groans it cofts before one can
attain to any fmall Knowledge of the
Divine/ Being. Finally, let thofe Per-
ibns rigoroufly treat you, who were ne-
ver feduc'd 1>y fuch Errors as they fee
you have been deceiv'd by. I pals by
that moft pure Wifdom, to the Know-
ledge of which very few Spiritual Per-
lbns arrive at in this Life ; yet although
they know it but in very fmall Meafure,
becaufe they are Men, yet they know
it without doubting. For in the Catho-
lick Church it is not Penetration of
Wit, nor Depth of Knowledge, but the
. Simplicity of the Faith, which makes
People fure and fafe.

Barbari quippe homines "Roman*, imo.
pot i us human* eruditions expertes, qui
nihil omnino fount , nifi quod a DoSori-
bus fuis audiunt $ quod audiunt hoc fe-
guuntur r Gfc. Salvianus -f-fi. The Senfe
of which take as follows. This Bifhop
ipeaking of the Arian Gothk and Van-
dals, They are a Barbarous People,
lays he r who have not any Tafte of the
Roman Learning, and who are ignorant
even of thofe Things with which almoft
all the reft of Mankind are acquainted ;
they know nothing but what they have
learnt from their Do&ors, and mind
nothing but what they have heard from
them. Whence People io ignorant as

thefe

C« )

tjjefe are^ find themfelves under a Ne-
cecity oflearning the Myfteries of the
(*<}ijpel ? rather from the Inftru£tioiK
liffcicn are given them, than from the
Idling of Books, therefore the Tra-
ditionr ^nd received Dd&rine of their
Makers are the only Rule that they
IoIIqw, became they know nothing but
wftat they have taught 'em. They are
HeretielsSjbut they know, not that they are
to. They are fb indeed m our.Efteem,
hut they don't at all believe it $ yea, on
$he contra^, tjiey js<?koji themielves to
be true GarooHcfcs, and Brand us with
the Jfife qf i Hereticks. VThey judge
therefore of us juft as we dp of them.
We are perftaded with 1 our felves that
they do Wrong to the Divine Generati-
on,in maintaining the Son to be inferiour
to the Father. They imagine that we
derogate from the Glory of the Father
becaufe we believe them to be Equal.
The Truth is on our Side, but they pre*
tend it is on theirs. We give all due
Honour to God, and they think that
weir Belief tends more to the Honour
of God than ours. They are wanting
in their Duty to God, but this they
count the higheft Duty of Religion $
and they make true Pietjj to conuft in
that which we have a quite contrary O-
pinion of. They are then in ah Error,
but yet they are Sincere-, and it proceeds
V. not ftom an Hatred, but Love of God.
E HE-

V. ( 22 )

HERETJCKS.] For they pretend that
by it they do better teftifie the Refpeft
r v :y have for God, and their Zeal for
LI., Glory. Therefore although they
have not a right Faith, yet they never-
thelefs look upon it as a perfect Love
of God.' How thefe Perfons will be
puniftipd'for their Errors at the Day of
Judgment the great Judge of the Uni-
verfe alone Ijriows. In the mean Time
I believe .that God exercifes his Patience
towards them, fyecaufe he fees that their
Heart' is more fight . than their Faith-
and that when they do deceive them-
Telyes, it is an AfFe&ion for Piety that
rs the Caufe - of -their Ettot.

CON-

( *4 ) 18.

CONFESSION OF FAITH.} While no
one can agree, while they Anathema-
tize one another, there is fcarce any that
flicks clofe to Jefus Chrift. What Change
was there in the Confeflion of Faith but
lift Year ? The Firft Synod of the Nfi
cene Council ordains that nothing fhould
be faid concerning the Homoufign ; the
Second orders and ordains that they
fhould fpeak of it ; the Third excufcs
the Fathers of the Council, and pretends
that they took the Word Oujia fimply •,
laftly, the Fourth, inftead of excufing,
condemns "em. As to the Refemblance
of the Son with his Father, which is the
Confeflion of Faith of thefe unhappy
Times, they difpute whether he is like
in the Whole, or only in Part. Behold
what Fine Inquirers thefe are into the Se-
crets of Heaven ! In the mean while^
it is upon the Account of thefe Confefc
fions of Faith about the invifible Myfte-
ries, and about our Faith in God, that
we thus Calumniate one another. We
make Confeflions every Year, and alio
every Month $ we Repent of what we
have done, we Defend thofe that Repent
of 'em, and afterwards Anathematize
thofe We have defended : So we Con-
demn either the Opinions of others in
our ielves, or our own Opinions in o-
thers; and in thus Tearing one another
to Pieces, we have been theCaufe&f
each other's Ruin.

flNlS.

C*5)

A Letter of Doctor John Wallis to Ro-
berfBoyle, Efq^ concerning the fad
Dottors Efay of Teaching 4 ?erfm
Dumb and Deaf to Speak, and to
Underftand a Language 5 together
with the Snccefs thereof made appa-
rent to his Majefiy, the Royal Society,
and theVniverftty of 'Oxford.

SIR,

I Did acquaint you a while fince, That
( befide the Confideration of ,
which 1 had in Hand ) I had under-
taken another Task, (almoft as Hard as

to make Mr. underftand Reafon) to

Teach a Perfbn Dumb and Deqf 3 to Speak,
zx&toViiikrftattia Language. Of which it
he could do <$ther,the other would be more
eafie 5 but his knowing neithej? makes
both larder: And tho' the former may
be thought the mote difficult, the latter
may perhaps require as much of T*me.
For If -a "cohfiderable Time be requifite,
to? him that can 1peak One, to learn a Se-
cond Language, much more for him that
knows None, to learn the Firft.

(26)

I told you in my laft, that my Mute was
now at leaftSemivoca/is •, whereof becaufe
you defire a more particular Information,
I thought my felf obligM'to' give you this
brief Account of that whole Affair , that
you may at once perceive, as weilvupon
what Ooufider«ipns I was induced: to At-
tempt that Work, and what I did.propofe
to my' fetf- as Feafible therein, as what
Sucfefs"had hitherto attended that E$ty.

The fask hr ielf confifts of Two Very
different Parts^ each of which doth rendter
the other more difficult. For, betide that
which appears upon the Firft View, to
teach a Perfon who cannot Hear to Pro-
nounce the Sound of Words ; there is that
other, of teaching him to Vnderftand a
Language v T&ui know the Signification of
thofe Woife whether Spoken or Writte^
whereby' he may both exprefc his own
Senfe, and underftand the Thoughts of o-
thersV withqut which latter, that former
were only to fpeak like a Parrot, or to
write ; like aiScrivener, who underftanding
no Language but Englljh^ tranfcribes a
Piece I of LqtjijjWelJb, or Irijh •, or like a
Printer o£\Greek or Arabiek, who knows
neither the" Sound nor Signification of what
hePrintetfi, .

Now. ijhopgh I did nofc. apprehend ei-
ther of th^fej impoffiblei . yet, that each
ofthem dqth render the other more hard,,
was ioobvions. as that I could not be igno-
rant of it. For how eafily ttietlnderftand-

ing

(*7)

ing of a Language is attain'd by the Bene-
fit of Difcourfe we fee every Day ■, not
only in thofe , who knowing One
Language already, are now to learn a Se-
cond , but (which doth more refemble
the prefent Cafe ) in Children, who as yet
knowing none, are now to learn their Firft
Language.

For it is very certain, that no Two Lan-
guages can be fo much different the one
from the other, but that the Knowledge of
the one will be fubfervient to the Gaining
of the other; not only becaufe there is
now a Common Language, wherein the
Teacher may Interpret to the' Learner the
Signification of, thofe Words and Notions
which he knows not, and exprefi his own
Thoughts to him-, but; like'wile ! ( which'
is very confiderable) becaufe the'' CWwot
Notions of Language , wherein all or moft
Languages do agree, and alfo-To many of
the Particularities thereof as are common
to the Language he know?; already, and;
that which he is to learn, ( which- will be ;
very many ) • are already , kn'oVra -, ' and '
therefore a -very 'cpnfiderable r^trt already
difpafcjh'd ' ©F that Work, which will be
neceffaiy/'for the Teaching of a- "Firft Lan-
guage to hijh who as yet krioi^s none.

1 But to this- Drfadvahtage (of teaching
a Firft Language) when that offteafnefs
is"fuperadded it rrtuft needs augment the
Difficulty ; lincc it is- .itianifeftlyevideht
from Experience, that* the -wioft i&varira-

geous

geous Way of Teaching a Child his Fiift
Language is that of Perpetual Difcourje^
not only what is particularly addrefs'd to
himfelf, as well in pleafing Divertiie-
ments, or delightful Sportings, (and
therefore infinuates itielf without any irk-
fome or tedious Labour) as what is direcV
ly intended for his more ferious Infor-
mation : But that Difcourfe alio which
pafleth between others , .where, without
Fains or Study, he takes. Notice of What
ASHons in the Speaker do accompany fuch
Words, and what Eflfe&s they do produce
in thole to whom they are directed \ which
doth, by Degrees, infinuate the Intendments,
of thole Words.

( And as that Deafncfs makes it the more
difficult to teach him a Language, fo on
the other Hand that Want of Language
makes it more hard to teach him how to
fpeak or pronounce the Sounds. For there
being no other Way to direct his Speech,
than by teaching him how the Tongue,
the Lips, the Palate, and other Organs of
Speech are to be apply'd and mov'd in the
Forming of luch Sounds as are required 4
to the End that he may, by Art, pronounce
thole Sounds which others do hyCufiom^,
they know not how. It may be thought
lard enough to expreis hr Writing, even
to one who understands, it very well, thole
veryNice Curiofities and Delicacies of Mo-
tion, which maft be obferved (though
we heed it not) by him, who without

Help

Help of his Ear to guide his Tongue, (hall
form that Variety of Sounds we ufe in
Speaking : Many of which Curiofities
are fo Nice and Delicate, and the Difte«
rence in Forming thofe Sounds fo very Sub-
tile, that moft of our felves, who pro*
nounce them every Day, are not able,
without a very Serious Confideration, to
give an Account by what Art or Motion
our felves form them j much lefs to teach
another how it is to be done. And if,
by writing to one who underftands a Lan-
guage, it be thus difficult to give Inftru-
£lions, how, without the Help of Hear-
ing, he muft utter thofe Sounds, it muft
needs increafe the Difficulty, when there
is no other Language to expreis it in, but
that of Dumb Signs.

Thefe Difficulties (of which I was well
aware ) did not yet fo far difcourage me
from that Undertaking, but that I did Hill
conceive it poffible that both Parts of this
Task might be efte&ed.

As to the Firft of them ; Tho' I did not
doubt but that the Ear doth as much guide
the Tongue in Speaking, as the Eye doth
the Hand in Writing, or Playing on the
Lute i and therefore thofe who by Acci-
dent do wholly, lofe their Hearing, lofe al-
io their Speech, and confequently become
Dumb as well as Deaf-, (for it is in a
manner the fame Difficulty for one that
Hears not, to fpeak well, as for him that
is Blind, to write a fair Hand ). Yet fines-

F x we

(3°)

we fee that 'tis poffible for a Lady to at-
tain fo great a Dexterity, jis, in the Dark,
to play on a Lute, though to that Va-
riety of nimble Motions, the Eyes Dire-
ction, as well as the Judgment of the Ear,
might feem neceffary to guide the Hand -,
I did not think ic im poffible, but that the
Organs of Speech might be taught to ob-
ferve their due Poftures, though neither
the Eye behold their Motion, nor the Ear
difcern the Sound they make.

And as to the other, that "of Language,
might feem yet more poffible : For fince
that in Children, every Day the Know-
ledge of Words, with their various Con-
ftruftionsand Significations, is by degrees
attain'd by the Ear, fo that in a few Years
they arrive to a competent Ability of ex-
preuing themfelves in their Firft Language,
at leaft as to the more ufual Parts and No*
tions of it, why fhould it be thought
impoffible that the Eye (though with
fome Disadvantage) might as well apply
foch Complication of Letters, or other
Characters, to repreient the various Con-
ceptions of the Mind, as the Ear -, a like
Complication of Sounds? For though,
as things how are, it be very true that*
Letters are, with us, the immediate Chara-
cters of Sounds, as thole of Sounds are of
Conceptions, yet is there nothing, in the
Nature of the Thing it felf, why Letters
and Characters might not as properly be
applied to repiefent immediately, as by

the

( 3» )

the Intervention pfSounds, what our Con-
ceptions are.

■Which is fo great a Truth, (though'
not fo generally taken Notice of) that
'tis pra&iced every Day j not only oy the
Chjnefes, whofe whole Language is faid
to be made up of fuch Characters as to
rapreient Things and Notions indepen-
dent on the Sound of Words ; and is there-
fore indifferently %>k?h by thoie who
differ not in the Writing of it •, ( like as
whar, in Figures,, we write i, 2^, 3, for
One, Tw t Three \ : a frenchman^ for Ex-
ample, reads LW, Deux, Trm) But, in
Part, alio amongft our felv.es ■, as in the
Numeral Figures now mentioned, and ma-
nyiother Characters; of Weights and Me-
tals, ufed indifferently by divers Nations
to fignifie the fame Conceptions, though
exprefled by a different $oa\rul of-Wofds-j
and more frequently in theijPt^iee of
Specious Afitbmetick, and Qpqranous of
Algebra, excelled in fuch, Symbols, as fo
little need the Jsntef vention ot ^oids to
make known their^ Meaning, that, when
.different Perfdn* come p expiels, i a Words
theSenfeofthpfe Characters, ,thejf"wilj as
little agree upon the fame Words, tho'
all ekprefe the fame Senfc a^TwOTranfla-
torS of one and the fame Book into ano-
ther Language.

And though | will not difpute the Pra-'

fticatPoffibility of introducing, an Uxiver-

fdl Cbaraller, in which all Nations, tho*

F 2 of

(3*)

of different Speech, (hall expreft their
common Conceptions \ yet that fome Two;
orThree(or more) Perfons may,by Confcnt,
agree upon fuch Characters, whereby to ex*
preis each to other their Senfe in Writing,
without attending the Sound of Words, is
fo far from an Impoffibility, that it muft
needs be allowed to be very Feafible/ if
not Facile. And if it may be done by new?
invented Characters, why not as well by
thofe already in ufe > < Which though to
thole who know their common Ufe may
fignifie Sounds; yet to thofe who know it
not, or do not attend it, may be as imme-
diately applied to fignifie Things or Noti-
ons, as if they fignified nothing elfe -, and
fo long as it is purely Arbitrary by what
Character to exprels fuch a Thing or No-
tion, we may as well make ufe of that
Character or Collection of Letters, to ex-
prefs the Thing to the Eyes of him that is
Deaf, by which qthers exprels the Sound
or Name of it to thofe that Hear. So that
indeed that fhall be to him a real Chara-
cter, which expieffeth to another a Vocal
Sound, but fignifieth to both the fame
Conception y which is to uhderftand the
Language. :

To thefe Fundamental Grounds of Pof-
Ability in Nature, I may next add a Con-
iideration which made me think it Moral-
ly poffible ; that is, not impartible to fuc-
ceed in Pra&ice. Andhecaufe I am now
giving an Account to One who is fo good

'3

a Friend to Mathematicks, and Profi-
cient therein, I (hall not doubt but this
Confideration will have the Force of a
great Suafive. Confidering therefore from
how few and defpicable Principles the
whole Body of Geometry, by continual
Confequence, is infbrced-j if fo fair a Pile,
and curious Structure, may be rais'd, and
ftand fall upon fo fmall a Bottom, I could
not think it incredible, that we might at-
tain fome confiderable Succeft in this De-
%n, how little foever we had firft to be-
gin upon * and from, thofe little Actions
andGeftures, which have a kind of Na-
tural Significancy in them, we might, if
well managed, proceed gradually to the
Explication of a Compleat Language, and
withal direct to thole Curiofitjes of Moti-
on and Pofture in the Organs of Speech,
requifite to the Formation of a Sound de-
fired, and, fo to effect both Parts of what
we intend.

My next Inducement to undertake it,
was a Confideration of , the Perfon (which,
in a Work of th|s ; .fefcrore^ is of no finali
Concernment),; who wat repjefented to
me as very Ingenious and Apprehenlive,
(and therefore a very fit Subject to make
an Eflay upon) and fo far, at leaft a Ma-
thematician as to draw Pictures $ wherein,
I was told he had attain'd fo good Ability,
which did induce me to believe that he
was not uncapable of the Patience, which
Will be neceflary to attend the,Cutip|fity of

thofe

( 34)

Aofe little Varieties in the Articulation of
Sounds, being already accuftomed to ob-
ferve and imitate thofe little Niceties in
a Face, without which it is not poflible to
Draw a Pj&ure Well.

I fhall add this alfo, That, once, he could
have fpoken, though fo long ago that ( I
think) he doth fcarce remember it. But
having, by Accident, when about 'Five
Years of Age, loft his Hearing, he conft-
quentty toft his Speech alfo; not all at
once, but by degrees, in about half a
Year's Time : Which though it do con-
firm what I was faying but now, how need-
ful it is for the Ear to guide the TOngite
in Speaking, (fince that Habit of Speak-
ing, which was attain'd by Hearing, was'
loft with it) and might therefore diftou-
rage the Uriderftandtng -, yet I was there-
by ^ery much fecured, that Jris Want oF
Speech was but a Consequent of his Want
of Hearing, and did not proceed original*
ly from an Indifpofition in the Organs of
^Speech to form thofe Sounds. And tho'
the JtfeglefcT:- of it in his younger Years,
when the Organs of Speech being yet ten*
der, were more pliable, might now rendrt
them lefs Capable of that AccuratertKt
which thofe of Children attain uirfb,
(whereof we have daily Experience^ it
being found very difficult, if not impoffi-
He, to teach a Foreigner well in Years the
Accurate Pronouncing of that Sound ot
Language, which, in his tender Years, .he

(35

had not learned )

fpeak but fo welif as a Foreigner,

Years, may l^xtMo ? fy^h>£sg^/b^.js3i,at <
ftiall be farther w^foojLto that Accura '
nefs which a Nativb^ATpffl^^tQIflU
attains unto, may, to anThtrffieWp^fu-
mate, be very well diipenced whh ?

Having thus acquainted you with thole
Confiderations which did induce me to at-
tempt it, left you may think I build too
confidently there upon, and judge me guil-
ty of too much Vanity, in promifing my
(elf a greater Succefs than can in Reafon
be hoped for, it will next be neceffary to
give you fome Account what Meafure of
Succefs I might propbfe to my Jelf as pro-
bable in fuchan Undertaking.

And as to the Firft Part of it, (that of
Speaking) though I did believe, that much
more & to be Effected than is commonly
thought Feafible ; and that it was poffible
for him fo to fpeak as to be underftood;
yet I cannot promife my felf rhat he (hall
ipeak fo Accurately, but that a Critical
Eat may eafily dtfcerii lome Failures, or
little Differences from the ordinary Tone
or Pronunciation of other Men ; (Juice
j that we lee the like every Day, when not
Foreigners only, but thofc of our own
Nation in the femoter Paxts of it, can
hwdly fpeak fo Accurately, as riot to dif-
coter a confiderable Difference from what
is the common Dialed or Tone at London.)
And this not only upon the Confidesation

laft

(3<S)

laft mentioned, concerning the Organs, of
Speech lefs pliable to thofe Sounds to
which they were not from the Firft accu-
ftotped) but efpecially upon that other
Confidefation, concerning the Ears Ufeful-
nefs to guide and correQ: the Tongue. For
as I doubt not but that a Perfon who knows
well how to Write, may attain by Cuftom
fuch a Dexterity as to Write in the Dark
tolerably well, yet it could not be expect-
ed that he (hould perform it with the fame
Elegancy as if he law the Motions of his
Hands ; fo neither is it reafonable to be
expected, that he who cannot Hear, tho'
he may know how to Speak truly, (hould
yet perform it fo Accurately as if he had
the Advantage of his Ear alfo.

Nor can I promife, nor indeed hope,
that how Accurately foever he may learn
to Speak, he (hould be able to make fo
great life of it as others do. For iince
that he cannot Hear what others (ay to
him, as well as exprefs his own Thoughts
to them, he cannot make fuch Ufe of it
in Difcourfe as others may. And though
it may be thought poflible that he may in
Time difcern by the Motion of the Lips^
vifible to the Eye, what is faid to hifflj
(of which I am loth to deliver a pofitive
Judgment, lince much may be faid cdnje-
£fcurally both Ways), yet this cannot be
expected, till at leaft be be fo perfe&h/
Matter of the Language, as that, by a
few Letters known, he may be able to fup*

pV

C 37 )

ply the reft of the Word ; and by a few
Words, the reft of the Sentence, or at leaft
the Senfe of it, hy a probable Conje£tur$,
(as when we Decipher Letters written in
Cipher) For, that the Eye can actually
dticem *H the Varietiesrof Motion, in the
Organs of. Speech, and fee what Sounds
are made by rhefe Motions, ( of which
many are inward, and are not expos*d to
the Eye at all) is not imaginable; ,

But as to the other Branch of our De-
fign, concerning the Underftanding of a
Language, I lee nojleaibn at all to doubt,
but that he may attain This; as perfectly as
tbofe that Hear * and that, allowing the
like Time and Exereife, as to other Men
is requifite to attain the Perfe&ion of a
Language, and the Elegance of it, he may
Underftand as well, ard Write as good
Language as other Men* and (abating
only what doth, dire&ly depend upon
Sonnd, as Tones, Cadencies,, and fuch
Punctilio's) no whit inferior to what he may
attain to, if he had his Hearing as others,
have. And what I fpeak of him in parti-
cular, I mean as well of any other Ingeni-
ous Perfon in his Condition •, who, I be-
lieve,, might be taught to ufe their Book
and Pen aswellasothers, if a right Courfe
were taken to that Purpofe.

To tell you next, what Courfe I have

hitherto ufed towards this Defign, it will.

not be ib neceflary. For ftiould I defcend to

Particulars, it would be too tedious * ef-

G pecially

pecially fihce they are to be ufcd very in-
differently, aqd varied as the prelent Cafe
and Ciiicumftance do require ; and as to
the General Way, it is fufficiently intima-
ted, already.

As' to that of Speech,- Imuft firft,by
the moft flghi-ficant Sjjgns I can, make him
to underftand in what PofUire and Motion
J would have him apiply hisTongue, Lips,
and £ther Organs Of Speech, to the form-
ing of toch a Sound as 1 direft. Which
if I. hit right, I confirrift him in it-, if he
mifs, 1 fignifie to h]m in what he differed
from my- 'Direction, 2 and to what Circum-
Irances he itiuft attend to mend it. By
which Means, with r iome Trials atid a
little Patience, he learns firft One, then
another Sound i and, by frequent&epeti-
tions, is cohfirm'd ih it L , or (if he chance'
to forget) recovers k again. ' mi...
■ And for "this Work I was lb far prepa-
red beforehand, that I had heretofore,
upon -anbther Occafton, ( in my T; r&the
be Lotfitt/a, prefixed to VRf'&rawmdfi for
the Eaglijb Tongue) 'confideted very ex-
ac%- (what few Attend to) the Accurate
Formation of all Sounds' in Speaking,; ( at
leaft as to our own Language, and thofef
knew) withour which it- were in vaih to
let upon the Task. Foi^f we do not kttWty
or not confider, hew we Apply our own Or-
gans in forcing thofeSounds we fpeak, it
istobtlikefy, that we ftaM, this WayTeacfc
another.

Ar

( 39)

As to that of Teaching him the Lan-
guage, I mutt, (as Mathematicians do
from a few Principles firff grafted) from
that little Stock (that we have ro begin
upon) of fuch Aclions and Geftures as have'
a kind of Natural Significancy,' or fbrhe
few- Signs, which himfelf had before ta-
ken up to exprefs his Thoughts as Well as
he could, Proceed to Tepch him what I
mean by r fbmewhat el(e$ and fo, by Steps,
to mote and more r And this, fo far as
wejl I can, in fuch. Methods, as that what
he knows already may be a 'Step to what
he is next to learn ; as in Mathematjrks,
we make.ufe, not of Principles only, ? b'ut
Fropofitions already dernonftrated, in the
Dacnonftration of that which follows. Jv>

It remains now, for the Perfecting the
Account which at prelent you defire of me,
only to tell you, what frogrefs we have al-
ready made; which had nor your Defires
commanded from me, I fhoujd have' re-
fpjced a while longer, till t mighty have
made it fomewhat Fuller. Vn ^

'He hath been already with me fomewhat
more than Two Months, in which Time,
though I cannot be thought to have Fi-
nifjbed fuch a Work, yet the Succefs is not
falittle as to Difcourage the Undertaking,
but as much as I could hope for in fo rhort
a Time, and more than I did expeft; So
that J may £iy, the greateft Difficulty .of
both Parts being arrnoft over, what Re-
rriair^, is little more than the Work of

G 2 Tim»

( 40 >

Time and Exercife. There is hardly any
Word, which (with Deliberation) he can-
not fpeak; but to do it Accurately, and
with Expedition, we muft allow him the
Practice of fome confiderable Time, to
make it familiar to him.

And, as to the Language, though it were
very indifferent to him, who knew none,
which to begin withal * yet fince it is out
of Queftion, that EngYijh, to him, is like
to be the mod Ufeful and Neceffary, it
was not advifeable to begin with any other.
For though he can pronounce the Latin
with much more Eafe, (as being lefe per-
plexed with a Multitude of concurring
Confonants) yet this is a Consideration of
much lefs Concernment than the other. "

To this therefore having apply'd iliqa-
felf, he hath already Learned a great ma-
ny Words, and, I may fay, a confiderable
Part of the Eqgtijht as to Words of moft
frequent life : JJiit the whole Language
being fo Copious, tho' otherwife Eafie,
will require a longer Time to perfe&what
tie hath begun.

And this, Sir, is the full Hiftory of out
Progrefs hitherto. If you (hall hereafter
efteem our future Succefs" worthy your ta-
king notice o£^rou may command that,pf
what elfe is within the Power, of

Oxford, S I R, Tour Honour's

March 14.

*66±. veryUumble Servant^

JOHN WALLIS.

(4» )

The following Account was Writ
by the late Ingenious Mr. Ol-
denburg, Secretary of the
Royal Society,

THE, Perlbn, to whom the foregoing
Letter doth refer, is Mr. Daniel

Wbaley, ( Son of Mr Whaley, late

el Northampton, and Mayor of that Town)
He was (foon after the Date of this Let-
ter) on the 21ft of May 1S62, prefent at
a Meeting of the Royal Society, (of which
the Regifter of that Day's Proceedings
takes particular Notice ) and did in their
f refence, to their great Satisfiaion, pro-
nounce diftinftly enough fuch Words as
d/ the Company were propofed to him j
and though not altogether with the ufual
Tone or Accent, yet-fo as eafily to be un-
derftood: Whereupon alfo the faid Do-
Oor was, by the fame Aflembly, encou-
raged to purfue what he had fo ingenioufly
and fuccefsfully begun. About the fcme
Time alfo (hisMajefty having heard of
it, and being willing to' fee him) he did
the like feveral Times ^Whitehall, in the
Frefence of His Majefty, his Hignnefs

Prince

Prince Kiipert y and divers others of the
Wohiliiy, tho' he had then employ'd but a
fmall Time in acquiring this Ability. In
the Space of One Year, which was the
whole Time of his Stay with Dr. Wallis,
he had xead over a great Paftof the Eng-
lijb Bible, and had attain'd fo much Skill,
as to exprefe hitnfelr' intelligibly in ordina-
fy A&airsj to undetftand Letters written
to him, and to write Anfwers to them,
tho' not Elegantly, yet fo as to be under-
stood j and in the Prefence of many Fo-
reigners ( who out of Curiofity have come
to fee him ) hath oft-times not only read
Etiglijb wA Latin to them, bat pronoun-
ced the moft difficult Words of their Lan-
guages (even Poli/h it felfj which they
could propofe to him. Since chat Time,
tho 1 he hath not had Opportunity of ma-
king much farther Improvement, for want
of an Inftru&ar, yet he doth yet retain
what he had attain'd to ; or wherein he
may have forgot the Nicenefs reqoifite in
the Pronunciation of fome Sounds, doth
«afily recover it with a little Helpv '

Nor is this the only Perfcn on whom
the faid Doftor hath (hewed the Efretl of
his Skill, but he hath fince done the lifce
for another, (a young Gentleman of a ve-
ry-good Family and a fairEftatej who
difl-ftom his Birth want his Hearing. On
thisOceafion I thought it very fuitabl e to
give. Notice of a fmall Latin Treatife, ef
thi* lame Author,' firlt Publifhed in the

Year

(43)

Year 1653, intituled De Loque/a, [of
Sfeech"} prefixed to his Grammar of the
Englifh Tongue, written alfo in Latin. In
which Treatife of Speech^ ( to which he
refers in this Difcourfe, and on Confidence
of which he durft undertake rhat difficult
Task) he doth very diftin£Uy lay down
the Manner of Forming alt Sounds t>F Let-
ters ulaal in Speech, as well of the Kngs
Rfh as of other Languages ; which is, I
think, the Firft Book evet Publifhed of
that Kind i ( for tho' lbrne Writers for-
merly have here and there occafionally 1
faid fomething of the Formation of fome
particular Lettets, yet none, that I know
of, had before him undertaken to give 2n
Account of all. J Whether any fines him
have with more Judgment and Accurate-
aeis performed the lame, I wjll not tale
upon me to determine. In his Grammar
of the Eiftglifh Tongue^ (to which this of
* Speech is prefixed) he hath lb briefly * ATranf.
and clearly given an Account of this tan- l?'T[ thit f
guage, as may be very Advantageous, not s^t[h %
onty to Strangers, for. the eafie Attain- likemfe •/
ment tbarao£ but even to the Englijh them- * he &*»>•
felves, for the clear Discovering (which»? M,r > ■?**'
few take Notice of) the- true Genius of !J2u*2d
their own Language. u/rfui Addi-

tions, it pre-
pmr^far tbe.Prefs ? the Whole mil be l&bJsfd over byfeveral Learn-
ed Aten, both of Tom and the Vntwrfttiet* If any Gentlemen that
hate made Oifervat'wu on the- Engiifh TUgu, mil be pleas 'd ta
commmcatt them to the SaatyWfe', they (bail b» (artfully inferttd
in their proper FUtt*.

A

( 44 )

A Letter of Dr. John Wallis*
(Geom. Prof. Oxon, and $.
R.S.) to Mr. Thomas Be-
verly, concerning bis Method
for inftrutting Perfohs Deaf x
and Dumb.

SIR,

IHave receiv'd your Letter of Sept. 22.
wherein you telL me the Cafe of a Fa-
mily, wherein you are concern'd;
which is really very fad. Of Eight Chilr
dren now living, Five are Deaf and Dumb.
( And, 1 1 fuppofe, Dumb becaufe Deaf).

You defire my Direftions, how beft to
Ripply that Deleft : Having had fome
Acquaintance (I underftand) with Mr.
Alexander Fopbam y (who, I think, is yet
living) whom ( being Born Deaf ) I taught
(about Four or Five and Thirty Years ago^
to (peak diftinftly, (though I doubt he
may, now have forgot much of it) and to
underftand a Language, fo as to exprefc
his Mind ( tolerably well ) by Writing*
and to underftand what is written to him
by others. As I had, before, taught Mr.

Daniel

C 45 )

X>amel Wkolcy : Who was Dsaf aifo j
but is lately dead*

Others, \wh 6 -were not DeaF, but had
great Impediniems in their- Speech, (who
Stutter'd extremely, or who have not been
able to prtJnounce forrie •Letters, ) J have
taught to Spe*k .very Diftin£tly, and to
Pronounce. fhofe Letters #htfh before they
could not : So as perfectly to Conquer
that Difficulty; atleafV.'fojis.that it was
very little /ir.jr.aU)' difcetnatMe.

Some or her (Deaf Perfoosv I have nos
awemptedteac'hJng them to Speak ; but
only fo as (it) good>Meafuce) t6 uride>
ijtand a Language, and to ^^prefg theif
Mind (toleralbly weH) in VVritirig. Wh6
have thereby attained a- muc"h greater
Meafureof Knowledge in . maiiy Things,
than was thbughr attainable to Peifonsin
then Circumstances - and become capable
(upon farthet Improvement,) of-fuch fur-
ther Knowledge* as is attainable by Read-
ing.

Fhe fofmrir Part of this Wofk (teach-
ing K> Speaks or to /peak Flaitr) is ro be
done,' by Dtrefiting tfaenrro Apply their
IFongae,: Lips; andotberOrgansof Srieecb,
to fuch'Pofturesand Motions, as are pro-
per for the Formation of fuch and fuch
Sounds frfefpe5¥ively) asafeufed in Speech.
And, then, the Breath, emitted from the
Lungs, will Forrri'thofe Sounds ^ wHether
thePerfon Speaking do hear him felf, or
not.

H Of

(4*)

Of which relpecYive Formation, of all
Sounds commonly ufed in Speech, I have
given a fall Account (and, I think, I am
the Fuft who have done it) in my Trea-
tife De hoquela ^ prefixed to my Grammar
of the Englijh longue •, firft Publifhed in
the Year 11553. In Purfuance of which,
I attempted the Teaching of Deaf Perfons
to fpeak.

And this is indeed the (horter Work
of the Two. ( However looked up-
on the more Stupendous. ) But this,
without the other, would be of little
tile. For, to pronounce Words only as a
'Parrot, without knowing what they figni-
"fi€,- Would - d<r us' but little Service. And
it would by-Degrees ( without a Director
to cone£t Miftakes ). coraeto be loft in
Part. .For, like as one who Writes a fair
Hand, if he become Blind, would foon
forget the exaSt Draught ' of his Letters,
for want of an Eye to direcT: his. Hand ;
So he, who doth not Hear himfelf Speak,
muft needs be apt to forget theNicenefs of
Formation^ (without a Prompter) for
want of an Ear to regulate his Tongue.

The other Part of the Work ( to teach
a Language) is what you now inquire a-
bout.

In order to this ^ it is Neceflary in the
Firft Place, That the Deaf Perfon be
taught to Write. That there may be fome-
what to exprels to the. Eye, what the
Sound (of Letters) reprefents to the Ear.

Twill

( 47 )

'Twill next be very Convenient, (be-
caule Pen and Ink is not atovafcs.3t.rianfl)
that he be taught, How to dejign each Let-
ter, by ibme pertain Place, Pofitjon, or
Motion of a Finger, Hand,, or s pther Part
of the Body-, (which may ferve inftead
of Writing.) As for Inftance, The Five'
Vowels ae iouy by pointing to the Top
of the Five Fingers: ., And the other Let-
ters be d % 8tc. by fuch other Place or Po-^
fture of a Finger, or otherwise, as fhall be,
agreed upon.

.After, this-, a Language, fc, to.be taught
this Dp^Perfonj by like.Methbds as Chil-
dren are at firft ; taught.a Language "5, (tho 5
the Thing perhaps be not heeded.) Only
with this Difference : • Children learn
Sounds by the Ear ; fyut the Deaf Peribn
is to learn Marjis (of thofe Sounds) ' by,
the Eyp. But x both the. one and the other,
do equally fignifie the fame Things or No-
tions \ and are equally (figtfifaantia ad
placitum) of meer Atbitfafy Significati-
on.

'Tis then mbft natural (as Children
learn the Names of Things) to furnifh
him (by Degrees) with a Ndmenclator -,
containing a competent Number of Names
ofThingscommon and obvious to the Eye ;
(that you may (hew the Thing anfwering
to fuch a Name.) And thele tfigefted un-
der convenient T.itles ■, and placed (under
them) in fuch convenient Order, (infe-
veral Columncs, or other orderly Situati-
H 2 on

oti in the Paper) as (bytlieif Pofiriqn )
beft ib expreis,' to the Eye, their Reiatioa
or Refpeft to one arjbtbef . As j Contraries
or Correlatives, one over a&irift.the other 5,
Subordinate's of Appftrtemncts, under their
Principals. Which mayierve as a kind of
Local Memory.

"Thus, (in one Piper ) aqder the Title
Mankind, may he pljice^ { not Gonfofei-
ly, but in Decent Order) n M*n^ Woman,
Child \ (boy; girl) -And, if you pleafe,
the Names of fome kno^vn PerJbnsl, (o£
r$e Family, or others, ) v^trr Spaces left
to be fupplted with other likelNames oif
Words, as after "there may be Occafi-
on.

^hen ( in another Paper) under the Ti-
tie BjoM' may $e written (in like conve-
nient Order ) Ifcad, (hair., skin, ear, )
facf, forehead, eye, (eye- ltd, eyebrow,)
cheek, nofe, (nofiril 3 ) mouth, (lip, chin.)
Neck, (throat.) Back, Br e a ft, Side\
(right-fide, left-fide. ) Belly, Shoulder,
Arm t (dbovo, thrift, band, ( back, pa/ 1 ?*)
fwger, (thmb, knucklkyitail.) Thigh,
knee, leg, : (fhin, calf, ^ckle,) fat, (htoed
fole,) toe. With like Spaces, as before,
for more to be added, as there is Occa&
on.

And when he hath learned the Import
of Words in each Paper, let hitn write
them ( in like manner) in diftinft Leaves
or Pages of a Bpok ( prepared for that

pur-

(49 )

purpofe) to confirm his Memory, and to
have Recpurfe to it upon Occafioq.

In a Third Paper, you may give him
the Inward Parts. As, Scul, ( brain, )
throat, ( windpipe, gullet,), fiomacb,
(&* ts ->) hearty lungs, liver, fplene, kidney,
bladder, (urine,) vein, ( blood,) bone,
(marrow,) fle(h, fat, &c.

In another Paper, under the' Title Beafl,
may be placed ; Horfe, (Jlonehorfe, geld-
ing,) mare, (colt.) Bull, (ox,) cow,
calf. Sheep, ram, (wether,) ew, (lamb.)
Hog, boar, fow, pig. Dog, ( majiiff t
hound, grey-hound, fpanielj biuh, (vebelp,
puppy. ) Hare , rabbet. Cat , moufc ,
rat, 8tc.

Under the Title Bird, or JFaft;/, put
Cock, (capon,) ken, chick. Goofe, (gan-
der,) gofling.\ Duck, (drake,) Sipan,Crow,
Kite, Lark, <&c.

Under the Title Fijh, put Pike, Eel*
Plaice, §filmw >t . Lobftar, Crab,uifler,
Crawfijh, &c.

You may tijen put Plants or Vegetables
under Jeveral fie&ti, or 4 Subflivj/ipns of
the lame Head, As, Tree, ( roqt, body,
bark, bough, leaf, fruit-,) Oak, ' efh, ap-
ple-tree, pear-tree^ ifine, &c. fruit, ap-
ple, pear, plumb,, cherry, grape, nut, o-
tinge, lemon. Plumper % roft\ tulip, gilo-
fer\ ,. Herb,{ypeed,) grafs, , ; Gv,7 & nbeat,
barly, rye, pea., bean,

An$ihe\ife.<$ili/t/i/i{wates. ,As, Hea-
ven ; fun, moon, ftar. Elements ■, earth,

water.

water, air , fire. And (under the Title
Earth ; ) f/<y, fand, gravel, flone. Me-
tal \. gold) ft her, brafs, (copper,) iron,
(fleet J lead, tin, {pewter, ) gldfs. Un-
der the Title Water ;' put Sea, pond, ri-
ver, ftream. Under that of Air j put
Light, dark, mift, fog. Cloud -, wind,
rain, hail, Jnow ; thunder , lightning,
rainbow. Under that of Tire 5 ; Coal ,
flame, fmodk, foot, ajhes,

Under the Title Clothes-, put Woollen,
( cloth, fluff, ) Lintten ; Holland, lawn
lockarum) Silk, (Satin^Velvet.) Hat,
cap, band, doublet, breeches, coat, cloak,
flocking, fhooe , boot, fhirt, petticoat,
gown, &c.

Under the Title' Houfe 5 put Wall,
roof, door, window, (ciifement,) room.

Under Room ; put Shop, hall, parlour,
dining-room, chamber, , (Jiudy, dofct,)
kitchin, cellar, ftable, &c.

And, under each of thefe, (as diftinft
Heads,) the Fur/iiture or VtenfUs belong-
ing thereunto ; (with Diyifions and Sub-
divifions, as there is Occafion ; ) which I
forbear to mention, that I be not too pro-
lix.

And, in like manner, from time to
time, may he added more Collections tit
Qafles of Names or Words, conveniently
digefted under diftincT: Heads, and fuit*
ble Diftributions •, to be written in di-
ftinS Leaves or Pages of his Book ; infuch

Order

( 5i )

Order as may feem convenient : Which I
leave to the Prudence of the Teacher.

When he is furnifhed with a competent
Number of Names, (though not fo many
as I have mentioned : ) it will be feafona-
ble to teach him (under the Titles Singu-
lar, Plural,) the Formation of Plurals
from Singulars ; by adding s or es. As,
Hand, bands ; Face, faces ; Fifh, fijhes ;
Vfc with fome few Irregulars ■> As, Man,
Men -, Woman, women ; Foot, feet ; . Tooth,
teeth; Moufe, mice; Lovofe, lice.; Ox,
Oxen, &c.

Which (except the Irregulars) will
ferve for PoJJe/fwes ( to be after taught
him, ) which are formed from their Pri-
mitives, by like Addition of s or es. Ex-
cept fome few Irregulars ; As My, mine -,
Thy, thine ; Our, ours ; Tour, yours ; His,
her, hers ; Their, theirs, 8cc.

And in all 'thofe, and other like Cafes,
it Will be proper flrft to lhew him the
Particulars, and then the General Ti-
tle.

Then teach him ( in another Page, or
Paper ) the Particles ; A, an ; The, this,
that ; Thefe, thofe.

And the Pronouns •, I, me, my, mine ;
Thou, thee, thy, thine ; We, us, our, ours -,
Te, you, your, yours; He, him, hit ; She,
her, hers-, It, its-, They, them, their,
theirs ; Who, whom, who's.

Then, under the Titles AdjeSive, Sub-
Jiantive i teach him to connea thefe. As,

My

C 5* )

My hand, Tour head, His foot, Hii fat,
Her arm, arms, Our hats, Their fhoes,
John's coat, William's band, &c

And, in order to furniih him with more
AdjeQives; Under the Title Colours, you
may place Black, white, gray, green, btue,
yellow, red, &c. And, having fhewed the
Particulars , let him know,Theie ate cal-
led Colours.

The like for Tap, and Smell -, As,
Sweet, bitter, foure, ftink.

And for Hearing -, Sound, noije, word.

Then, for Touch or Feeling .- Hot,
(ttfarm,) Cold, (tool,) Wet, (mbfftj
Dry-, Hard, f oft -, Tough, brink ; Hea-
vy, light, fiCc.

From whence you may furnifh him
with more Examples of Adje&rves with
Sxbftafttives -, As, White breatf y Brown
bread, Green graft, Seftcheeje, Hard
ctiteje, Black hat, my Black bat, &e.

And then, inverting the ■ Order, Stitbftan-
ftant'rde and AdjetffVt* (with the VerbCd-
pulative between:) As; Silver is white ;
Gold is yellow ; Lead is heavy ; Wohd is
light; Snow is white-, Itrk is Mack; Flejh
is Jo ft -, Bone is hard; lamfick; lam
not well, 8cc. V Vhich will begin aygive
hinrvfame Notion of Syntax.

In -like manner, when Subflvnttve and
Subfamive are fo connected. A«v Ookl is
a Metal; A Rofe is a Flower-, We Me
Men ; They are Womn -, Harjes are
Beafts ; Geeje ate Fowl$\ harks- are
Birds, 8tc. Then

C5* )

Then, as thofe'before relate to Quality,
you may give -him fome other Words rela-
ting to Quantity. As, Long, fhort •, Bread,'
narrow-, Thick, thirty High; ft all J low,
Deep, fhallow •, Great', ( big, ) fmall, ( li ti-
tle ; ) Much, little ; -Many, few \ Full,
empty; Whole, part, (piece-,) All, fome,
none ; Strong, weak ; £>uick,flow ; Equal,
unequal; Bigger, lefs.

Then, Words of Figure ; As, Streigbr,
crooked -, Plain, bowed; Concave, (hollow)
convex ; Round, fquare, three-fquare ;
Sphere, (globe, ball, boul) Cube, (die,)
Upright, floping -, Leaning forward, lean*
ing backward -, Like, unlike.

Of Gefture ; As, Stand, lye, fit, kneel^
ftoop.

Of Motion ; As, Move, (ftir,) reft ;
Walk, (go, come-, ) Run ; Leap ; Ride ;
Fall, rife; Swim, fink, (drown-,) Slide;
Creep, (crawl;) Fly; Full, (draw,) thru ft,
throw; Bring, fetch, carry.

Then, Words relating to Time},' Place,
Number, Weight, Meafure, Money, He*
are (in convenient time) to be f hewed
him diftinStly. For which the Teacher,
according to his Difcretion, may-take a
convenient Seafon.

As likewife, the Time of the Day-, The
Days of the Week; The Days of the Month ;
The Months of the Tear ; and other things
relating to the Almanack. \ WhiGh'he will
quickly be capable to underftand, if orice
Methodically (hewed him.

I As

(54)

As likewife, the Barnes ad Situatiws,
of Places, and Countries, which are con-
veniens for him to know. Which may
be orderly written in his Bock ; and Ihew-
ed him in Maps of London, England, Eu-
rope, the World, 8ic.

But thefe may he done at leifure ; As
likewife the Practice c<\ Arithmetick, and
othc • like pieces oi Learning.

In the mean Time, ( aft: r the Concord
of Sub ft active and Ad'jettwe,) he is to be
{hewed (by conveniens Examples) that
of the Ncminative an- Verb. As for In-
ftance, I .go, Ton fee, He fit s^ They jiand,
the Fire burns, the Sun Jb'wes, the Wind
blows, the Rain falls, the Water runs y
and the like : with die Titles in the Top,
Nominative , Verb.

After this ( under the Titles, Nomina'!
tive^ Verb, Accufative,f give him Exam-
ples o£\etbsTran/itives , As, Ifeeyoti,
Ton fee Me, The Fire bums the Wood, The
Boy makes a Fire, The, Cook roafts the
Meat^tb Butler lays the Cloth, We eat
our Dinr.er.

Or ev en with a Double Accufative -, as
Tou te«cb me (Writing, of) to write $
John eacheth me to Dan$e\ Thomas tells,
trie a T&te y 8fc«

After this 5 you may teach him\thtf
flexion or Conjugation of *a Verb ; or wbat
is equivalent thereunto. For, in our Eng-
lish Tongue, each Verb hath but TwoTen-
fes, (the Pre/ent and the Prefer) and

Two

( 5$ )

Two Participles, the Mive atod the J»^
/w.,) All the reft is performed by Au-
xiliaries. Which ( Auxiliaries ) have no
more Tenies, than the other Verbs.

Thofe Auxiliaries are, Do, did-, Will,
would-, Shall, Jhould • Ma}, might; Can,
could; Muft, ought to j Have, had*, Am,
(he,) Was. Awl if, by Examples, y ou>
can infinuate the fignification of thefe Few
Words: you have taught him the whole
Flexion of the Verb.

And here It will be convenient, (once
for all,) towrke him out a full Para-
digm of fome one Verb, ( fuppofe, to See,)
-through all thofe Auxiliaries.

The Verb it felf, hath but thefe Four
Words to be learned j See, Jaw, feeing,
feen. Save that, after Ihou in the Second
Ferlbn lingular (in both Tenies) we add
efti and in the Third Perfon Angular (in
the Prefent Tenfe ) etb or es : Or, in-
ftead thereof, ft, tb, s. And fo in all
Verbs.

-Then, to the Auxiliaries, Do did, Will
would, Shall Jhould, May might, Can could,
tAiift, ought io y we adjoin the Indefinite
See. And, after Have had, Am (be) wot,
the Paffive Participle Seen. And fo for
all other Verbs.

Bat the Auxiliary Am or , Be,, isfome-
what Irregular • in a double Form : ,

Am, art^ a « Plural, Are. Was^ waft,
voas\ Plural, Were.

I 2 Ba t

CZ5« )

Be,beeft; be •, Floral, Be* Were, wert,
were"-, tftiral, Were.

Be ( am,) zoos, being, been.

Which -t attended witrr the other Aux-
iliaries ) make up the whole Pa (five Voice.

All Verbs ( without Exception ) in the
ASivs- Participle, are formed by adding
ing •, As, See, feeixg;' Teach, Teaching,^.

Ihe PreterTenfe, and the Paffive Par-
ticiple, are formed (regularly) by adding
ed. Bat are oft fubjeQ:.- xa\£ontraftions,
and other Irregularities,.' (ibmetime,, the
lame in both \~ fometime, different.) And
therefore it is convenient, here, to give a
Table of Verbs (efpecially the moft ufu-
al) for thole Three Cafes. . (Which
may, at once, teach their Signification,
and Formation, ) As, Boil, boiled, boiled-.
Roft, rqfted, rofted; Bake, baked, baked,
1 &c. Teaebi, taught, taught; Bring, brought,
-brougtft -, ■ Buy, bought, bought, &c. See,
Jaw, feew; Give, gave^ given •, . Take, took,
taken ; Porjake, forfook, forfaken ; . Writ,
wrote, ivritten, &c. With many more, fit
-to be learned.

The Verbs being thus difpatched ; he is
then to learn the Prepofitions. Wherein
lies .the whole Regimen of the Noun.
(For Diverlity of Cafes we have none.)
The force of which is to. be infinuated by
convenient Examples, fuited to their diffe-
rent Significations. As, for inftance, .

Of, A piece of bread; A pint otWine-,
The cover of a pot; The colour of gold;

A

C 57 )

A fixjg., 0f g$d\ A i cup of Silver 5 the
<Mfflot of London; TheJongefipfal^ 8cc.

Am in. like manner for, Off; on, upon -,
To, unto } tili) until; frohti, At -, In
( within, ) out ( without -, ) Into, oitt of;
About x over, under ; Above, below ; Be-
tween, among ; Before, behind, after ; for,
By, With, through ; t agaijifi\ Concerning •
Andj by this Time, he will be pretty well
inabled to understand a Single Sentence,

In the laft^Place,; he is ( in' like man-
lier) to be taught Cdnju^icns. (Which
ierye to connect,, not Words only, but, Sen-
tences. ) A$4 And, aifo, Ukewife 5 Either,
or, whether; Neither, net •; If, .ben ^
W>y» ( V} ti* r efo re i) becaufe^ therefore ;
B*/, maugb, yet, &c. And thefe illuftra-
ted'% convenient KxampieSy in each Cafe,
As,

Becaufe I am cold; ihepeforeA go to/
the Fire ; that I may be warm ; For it. is
cold Weather.,

If it were fair, then u would>begood
walking : Ztef { however ) though it rain,
^/rmuftgo; fcr^Ipromifedi With
other like Iriftances.

And, by this time,, his Book, (if well
fumiihed with pjenty of Words i and
xhofe well digefted, und^er feveral Heads^
tod in good Uideu; and well recrjaited,
from time to time, asriew Words occur ;)
will ferve him In the Nature of a bifiior-
nary and Grammar.

And

( 58 )

And, In Cafe the Deaf Perfon be other-
wife of a good Natural Capacity -, and
the Teacher of a good Sagacity -, By this
Method (proceeding gradually, ftep by
-* e P») you may (with Diligence and due
Application, of Teacher and Learner,) in
a Year's Thiae, or thereabouts, perceive a
greater Progrefs than you would expect :
and a good Foundation laid for further In*
ftru&ion, in Matters of Religion, and other
Knowledge which may be taught by Books.

It will be convenient, all along, to have
Pen, Ink and Paper ready at Hand, to write
down in Words, what you fignifie to him
by Signs ; and caufe Him to write, ( or
fhewhim how to write) what He figni*
fies by Signs. Which way (of fignify^
ing their Mind by Signs) Eteaf perfons
are often very good at. And we muft en-
deavour to learn their Language, £if I
may ib call it) in orA^r-to teach therii
ours : By (hewing what Words anfwer
to their Signs; 4

'Twill be convenient alio, as you go a-
long, (after lbme convenient progreft
made ) to exprefs ( in as plain Language
as may be) the import of lbme of the
Tables. As, forinftance,

The Head is the Higheft part of tie
Body-, the Feet, the Loweft part; The
"Fact is the Fore-part of the Head; The
forehead is Over the Eyes -, TbeCbeeks are
Under the Eyes $ The Nefe is Between the

Cheeks j

( 59)

Cheeks \ The Mouth is Under the Nofe,
and Above the Chin, &c.

And fuch plain Difcourfe, put into
Writing, and particularly explain'd ; will
teach him by Degrees to u.idetftand Plain
Sentences. And like Advantage?, a Saga-
cious Teacher, may rake as Occafion of-
fers it felf from time to time.

Thus I have, in a long Letter, given
you a Short Account of my Methods,
( ufed, in fuch Cafes, with good Succefs )
which to do at Large, would require a
Book.

1 have taken the pains to draw up this
Method, ( which is what I have purfued
my felf in the like Cafe,) as appprehend-
ing it may be of ufe to fbme others when I
am dead. And I am not defirous : it (hould
die with me*

And 1 ha gagflflfeft as plainly as 1 could
that it m be the better underftood.

I have given onlv lome fhort Specimens
of fuch Tables as 1 had made for my own
Ufe, and trre.Ufe of thofe whom I was to
inftruft ■ but to give them at large, would
be more than the Work of a Letter ; and
they are to be varied, as the Circumftan-
ces of the Perfons, and the Places may re-

Suire, or the Prudence of a "eacher (hall
nd expedient.

It is adjufted to the Englijh Tongue,- "be-
cause luch were the Eerfons I had to" deal
with.

To

C 60 )

Tathofe of another Language, it jriuffi
be fo altered as fuch Language requires*
And perhaps will not be fp eafily done
for another Language • as 'fot the Eng-
UJh. The Flexion of Notms, the Conjuga-
tion of Verbs, the Difference of Genders,
the Variety of Syntax, &c. doth in other
Languages give a great deal of Trouble,
tohichthe SmpHcity of our Language
doth free us from. But this is not my
prefent Bufinefs.

>
SIR,

Tours to ScrvtT° u 3
JOHN WALLIS.

^* . 1 im tm m ^^»^»w^mwr* " ^ ' 'J >n s

FINIS.