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MFEIF 



^S^Y 



A GUIDE TO 
THE BEST FICTION 
IN ENGLISH 



BY THE SAME AUTHOR 

Uniform in size and price and forming a companion volume to 
'* A Guide to the Best Fiction in English. " 

A GUIDE TO 
HISTORICAL FICTION 

New Edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. 

This is much more than an enlarged edition of the Author's ' History in 
Fiction,' inasmuch as a mass of valuable information on the specific subjects 
of the books, the exact dates, persons, and the historical incidents dealt with, 
has been obtained from the authors themselves. The arrangement by countries 
has been much simplified. The books are set out with dates in the chrono- 
logical order of the period and events illustrated, and subjects like the Great 
Civil War, the American Revolution and Civil War, and the French Revolu- 
tion, are methodically subdivided, so that the history of separate campaigns, 
battles, and other crucial events can be followed chronologically, the notes 
explaining the relation to actual history. This work also will be indexed on the 
same encyclopaedic system, and will therefore constitute an invaluable illustra- 
tive aid to the study and teaching of the history of all countries and all ages 
from Prehistoric times to the Present Day. The American Section alone 
covers about 150 pages. 

LONDON: GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LIMITED 



A GUIDE TO 

THE BEST FICTION 

IN ENGLISH 



BY 

ERNEST A. BAKER, M.A., D.Lit. 

AUTHOR OF " HISTORY IN FICTION," ETC. 

EDITOR OF " HALF-FORGOTTEN BOOKS," " LIBRARY OF 

EARLY NOVELISTS," ETC. 



NEff'' EDITION, ENLARGED AND THOROUGHLT REVISED 



LONDON 
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS Limited 
BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.G. 



Printed in C.rer.f B'-i'ain 






TO 

MY INDEXERS 
MY WIFE AND DAUGHTER 



\ 



PREFACE 

A Descriptive Guide to the Best Fiction^ British and American^ 
published in 1903, of which the present book is a new edition very much 
enlarged and almost entirely re-written, went rapidly out of print. History 
in Fiction^ a guide to historical novels and tales, in two volumes, is still in 
print, but deals with only a portion of the subject. Both works have 
proved of real use to librarians, booksellers, writers, and students, and it 
is hoped that the present volume, which is virtually a new work, will prove 
even more so. Its object, as stated in the original Preface, is to supply a 
fairly complete list of the best prose fiction in English, with as much 
characterization of the contents, nature, and style of each book as can be 
put into a few lines of print. It does not claim to be a bibliography, in 
the stricter sense of the word, although it supplies all the bibliographical 
particulars required for identification and other general purposes. Long 
titles are frequently abbreviated ; sub-titles, when they are descriptive, 
often appear in the notes. The dates given are those of the first publica- 
tion of each work in book form, the date of serial or other publication 
being added only when it is of special interest. A very large number of 
books that are now out of print have been included, when of sufficient 
importance — the fact being indicated in the notes. Many interesting 
novels that had been long out of print at the time of the first edition of the 
Guide have since been reprinted, and it is hoped that it is worth while 
calling the attention of publishers again to many which have since gone 
out of print or still remain forgotten. This remark applies especially to 
scarce translations of foreign novels. In fact, the author has gone so far 
as to include a few works by foreign novelists (e.g. certain novels by 
Octave Feuillet, Villiers de I'lsle-Adam, and even such popular writers 
as George Sand, Edmond About, Jules Sandeau, and Marcelle Tinayre) 
which have unaccountably escaped the attention of translators. No attempt 
has been made to enlarge the scope of the Guide by dealing with foreign 
fiction as a whole, or even to include all that has been translated into 
English, if such translations are now difficult to obtain. This would have 
involved an enormous amount of additional work, which may, however, be 
undertaken when a new edition is called for. 

At the same time, the Guide has been expanded in many directions. 
The former work scarcely professed to cater for the needs of special 
students ; but now considerable space has been devoted to the mediaeval 

vii 



viii PREFACE 

romances, to Celtic fiction, the Greek and Latin romances and novels, the 
Icelandic sagas, and other early works of fiction that are principally of 
interest to professed students of literary history. As the entries are arranged 
first in main divisions according to the nationalities of writers, and then in 
the chronological order of publication, so far as is consistent with ease of 
reference, the work should form a useful handbook to such students, as well 
as to the more desultory reader. To facilitate this, the arrangement has 
been simplified. Instead of separate lists for English, Scottish, Irish, and 
Colonial fiction, all works of fiction written in English have been put into one 
main list, with the sole exception of American novels, and a few odd books 
here and there, e.g. those of Ruffini, Linda Villari, and Ottilie Liljencrantz, 
which seem to belong more naturally to Italian or to Scandinavian litera- 
ture. Even with so much additional matter from older sources, it may still 
be thought that the recent periods are numerically over-represented in 
comparison with the earlier, and that too much regard has been paid to the 
enormous output of modern fiction. No doubt this is so, if we are con- 
cerned purely with literary merit. But every age is rightly most interested 
in contemporary writers, and even ephemeral and inferior works have been 
included without scruple, if public interest so decreed. It should be 
pointed out, further, that a list of less important books (without notes) has 
been added in the case of many authors of one or two good novels, simply 
for the convenience of readers. After all, this is only a guide to the best 
fiction, not an attempt at a catalogue of the best. 

For the special benefit of teachers and younger readers, a dispro- 
portionate amount of historical fiction has been incorporated. But it will 
be noticed that the Historical Appendix which was a prominent feature of 
the former Guide has in this case been omitted, although historical refer- 
ences are given in the index. This omission is justified by the fact that a 
companion volume is now in the press dealing exclusively with historical 
fiction, and indeed with all fiction serving to illustrate the past. This is 
arranged on national and chronological lines, each story being described in 
a note showing its relation to history and the period and incidents with 
which it deals, and it will be provided with a full index to historical persons 
and events. Some five or six thousand works will be included, so that it 
will form an ample reading-list on every historical period, and even on the 
narrower sub-divisions of the more important epochs. It was intended at 
first to combine the two objects in the present work ; but as the amount of 
material in the forthcoming Guide is at least equal to the amount comprised 
here, it seemed better, for convenience sake, to separate the two and arrange 
the historical fiction on strictly historical lines. 

In the Notes, the aim has been to subordinate criticism to description, 
and to characterize rather than appraise. But in order to convey as clear 
an impression as he was able of the literary species, character, and style of 



PREFACE ix 

each novel, the annotator has of course had to use the current phraseology 
of literary criticism. The lover of literature will not, however, be so likely 
to quarrel with him on this account as on the amount of attention given to 
the subject-matter of novels, especially in the Index. This Index, which 
gives topics, place-references, historical allusions, names of outstanding 
characters, etc., in one alphabetical sequence along with authors and titles, 
takes in an immense number of things that are, to put it strictly, outside the 
sphere of a literary guide. No apology is needed, however, for this, since 
at a time when such a large number of writers prefer to expound their views 
on society, politics, philosophy, or religion in the appealing form of the 
novel, so many intelligent readers look to the novel for this kind of teach- 
ing. And there is no doubt that we get our most vivid, penetrating, and 
sympathetic impressions of the life and thought of our fellows at home and 
abroad from the imaginative interpretation which is the aim of the true 
novelist. Where such terms of literary classification as the word *' natural- 
ism ", to take one instance, occur in the Index, the writer would point out 
that he is not attempting a scientific classification of novelists, but rather to 
suggest groupings and courses of reading. The more ordinary topics 
handled in fiction do not appear in the Index, except under such headings as 
"Sex," '' Marriage," or '* Heredity," and then only when a novelist with 
a thesis to propound has dealt with the subject rather from the point of 
view of the psychologist or the social theorist than of the interpreter of 
common life. The great novels are not topical. 

Where American novels have been published in England with an 
altered title, or English novels with an American title, the spurious desig- 
nation is quoted in the note. The original titles of foreign works of fiction 
are given in italics after the English title, in most cases where they are not 
practically identical, with the exception of Russian and other languages in 
which the transliteration of titles is not uniform and the information would 
be of trifling value to the ordinary reader. It is hoped that in this and 
other points a fair degree of accuracy has been attained, but the possibilities 
of error in such a compilation as the present are innumerable, and the 
writer can only trust that his faults of omission and commission are not 
serious, and that attention will be called thereto in order that they may be 
reduced in a future edition. It should be noted that books published since 
31st December, 191 1, do not come within his present purview. 

Mr. W. Swan Sonnenschein is mainly responsible for the information 
respecting publishers and prices, a work that has entailed a huge amount 
of very exacting labour, for which the writer expresses his most grateful 
acknowledgments. 

E. A. B. 



ERRATA 

8 (in note to " The Unfortunate Traveller," 4th line), for Sidney read Surrey. 
14 (note to "Joseph Andrews," 2nd line), for Lady Booby read Mrs. Booby. 
60 (note to "Cruise of the Midge," 2nd line), for slave-catching read slaver-catching. 
87 (date to "George Geith"), for i8bs read iSbif. 

140 (under " Merriman, Henry Seton "), read Hugh Stowell Scott ; 1862-igoj. 
151 (under " Sergeant, Emily Frances Adeline"), for i8^o-igo4 read /8ji-igo4 
165 for Ayscough, John, read ^' Ayscough,John^' [Right Rev. Monsignor Bicker staffe- 

Drew\ 
192 (note to " A Lost Lady of Old Years "), for Murray Broughton read Murray 

of Broughton. 
208 (under "Coleridge, Christabel Rose"), for Max, Fitz, afid Hob, read Max, Fritz, 

and Hob. 
409 (under "Eggleston, Edward"), delete entry relating to " The McVeys," and see 

page 424, under " Kirkland, Joseph." 
593 (under " The Song of Songs"), for Das hohe Leiditz.iS. Das hohe Lied. 



CONTENTS 



ENGLISH FICTION, before the Sixteenth Century 

Sixteenth Century 

Seventeenth Century 

Eighteenth Century, First Half 

Eighteenth Century, Second Half 

Nineteenth Century, First Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Second Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Third Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Last Quarter 

Present Day ... 

AMERICAN FICTION, up to 1850 
Nineteenth Century, Second Half 

Present Day ... 

BELGIAN, DUTCH, and FLEMISH FICTION 
CELTIC FICTION (IRISH, GAELIC, and WELSH) 
FRENCH FICTION, before 1600 

Seventeenth Century 

Eighteenth Century 

Nineteenth Century, First Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Second Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Third Quarter 

Nineteenth Century, Fourth Quarter 

Present Day 



rAGB 

I 

3 
10 

13 

17 
24 

36 
64 

97 
160 

388 

394 
441 

515 
517 
521 
527 
531 
534 
535 
551 
55« 
570 



xii CONTENTS 

GERMAN FICTION, before 1800 
— — From 1800 to the Present Day 
ANCIENT GREEK FICTION 
MODERN GREEK FICTION 
HUNGARIAN FICTION 
ITALIAN FICTION, before 1800 

From 1800 to the Present Day 

LATIN FICTION 

SCANDINAVIAN FICTION, before 1800 

From 1800 to the Present Day 

SLAVONIC NATIONALITIES— I. Bohemian Fiction 

II. Bosnian Fiction . 

III. Bulgarian Fiction 

- IV. Polish Fiction 

V. Russian Fiction 

SPANISH FICTION, before 1800 

■ From 1800 to the Present Day 

YIDDISH FICTION . . 

NON-EUROPEAN NATIONALITIES— I. Arabian Fiction 

II. Persian Fiction 

III. Indian Fiction 

IV. Chinese Fiction 

V. Japanese Fiction 

INDEX of Authors, Titles, Subjects, Historical Names and Allusions, 
Places, Characters, etc. . . . ... 



578 
582 

595 
597 
598 
600 
602 
607 
608 

6X2 

619 
620 
620 
620 

623 
634 
639 

642 
642 

643 

643 
644 

645 
647 



GUIDE TO FICTION 



ENGLISH FICTION 

BEFORE THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 

Apollonius of Tyre, The Anglo-Saxon version of ; ed. by Benjamin Thorpe. 1834 

Text and literal translation of the only Anglo-Saxon romance, which was Englished from a 
Latin rendering of a late Greek romance — the Latin text is still extant. The story is 
well known from Shakespeare's version in Pericles. The A.-S. version is incomplete, but 
gives the famous incident of the casting of the wife of Apollonius into the sea after she 
had given birth to her daughter. The ornate style of the original is closely reproduced, 
and, as Prof. Ker says, this novel " might have founded an order of euphuistic fiction 
before the Conquest." [o.p.. Arch.] 

AsHTON, John [ed.]. Romances of Chivalry ; told, and illustrated in facsimile, 
by 'John Ashton. 1887 

For The Knight of the Swanne, see pp. 5, Robert the Devyll, p. 6 and 9, Valentine and Orson and 
Melusine (French Fiction) . Howleglas is extracted from one of the most famous mediaeval 
chap-books, which circulated all over Europe. It belongs to folk-lore rather than prose 
fiction. Low German in origin, it was first printed, in 151 5, in High German. The original 
Tyll Eulenspiegel (Owl's Mirror), or Tyll the Saxon, is said to have been a real person, 
who died in 1350. Around his name grew up a mass of anecdotes and tales recounting 
his knaveries and ludicrous adventures, broad and coarse in style, as befitted the mediaev^ 
sense of the comic. Copland printed a translation (1528-30, or c. 1560 according to Mr. 
Ashton). There was an edition by K. R. H. Mackenzie in i860. The following being 
prose versions of metrical romances hardly come into our purview : Sir Isumbras, Sir 
Degore, Sir Bevis of Hampton, Sir Tryamoure, The Squyr of Lowe Degre, Sir Eglamoure of 
Artoys, and Guy of Warwick. All are greatly abbreviated. [lUus., 8vo, Unwin, 1887 : o.p.] 

Fulk Fitz Warine, The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an outlawed baron in the 
reign of King John. c. 1320 

The French paraphrase of an Anglo-Norman chanson de geste composed late in the thirteenth 
century, traces of poetic diction being legible in the prose. Fitz Warine was a powerful 
baxon who took arms against John, leagued himself with the Welsh, and held out successfully 
for many years, until he was pardoned. Based on family traditions, and true in the main, 
though it contains some curious inaccuracies {e.g. at least two Fitz Warines have been 
used up in the composition of the hero ; cf. Barbour's Bruce), and a few of the conven- 
tional extravagances foisted in by the trouvdre. Scene, principally Ludlow Castle and the 
Welsh border ; most of the places can be identified still. As interesting, and almost as 
natural, as a modem novel ; the historical characters forcibly sketched in, and the hfe 
and conditions of the time so well rendered that the book is of high value as historical 
evidence. [Ed. with transl. and notes by Thos. Wright, Warton Club, 1855 ; transl. Alice 
Kemp-Welch, with intro. by L. Brandin (The King's Classics), is. 6d. net, Chatto, 1904.] 

Geoffrey of Monmouth [iioo ?-54]. [Historia Regum Britannias.] 

Written c. 1136 
Written in Latin by a Welsh ecclesiastic. A fabulous chronicle based on statements from 
earlier historians, legends from oral (or, as he alleged, written) sources, and inventions of 
his own. The book that gave European currency to the Matter of Britain. Tells the 
story of the Kings of Britain from Brutus, a descendant of ^Eneas, to Cadwallader, the 
eighth successor of Arthur. The legend of Arthur as given by Geoffrey was subsequently 
turned into Norman-French couplets by Wace, and amplified further by Layamon and 
other writers, eventually furnishing material for certain books in Malory's Morte Darihut. 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Geoffrey, of course, was not the inventor of the Arthurian legend ; he merely elaborated 
and adorned the stories he had collected, and gave them the unity and dignity of a pseudo- 
history. Before his time Arthurian tales had left traces in monuments and Christian 
names as far afield as Italy. But the impetus his book gave to the spread of Arthurian 
fiction can hardly be exaggerated. [Trans, by Sebastian Evans (Temple Classics), Dent, 1903, 
IS. 6d. net. Lat. text, Galfridi Monumetensis Historia Britonum, ed. J. A. Giles (Scriptores 
Monastici), Lond., Nutt, 1844.] 

Gesta Romanonim. c. 1440 

A collection of Latin stories compiled late in the thirteenth or early in the fourteenth centuries ; 
author unknown and country unascertained ; intended probably as edifying examples 
for the use of preachers. English translation printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1510— 5. 
A parallel compilation to that of the Chevalier de la Tour-Landry, all the tales, whatsoever 
their nature and origin, being burdened with a Christian moral. Sources various — oriental, 
classical, and mediaeval. A Latin translation of the Fables of Bidpai, the Arabian fables 
of the Spanish Jew, Petrus Alphonsus, ancient chronicles now lost, and the decadent 
classical authors, were all drawn upon largely ; but the various MSS. differ considerably 
as to their contents. The history is false, the characters are fictitious, and the title — the 
Acts of the Romans — purely gratuitous ; it is a naiscellany of oriental romance and apologue, 
beast fables, classical tales, miracle stories, and legends of the Virgin, costumed in the external 
features of mediaeval life. All the stories are allegorized or otherwise interpreted in a 
moralizing way, often with the most absurd results. It is important in literary history 
as a storehouse whence Italian, French, and English writers, poets, novelists, and play- 
wrights obtained many of their plots. [Latin text, rec. H. Oesterley, 15m., Berlin, 1872; 
rec. A. Keller (Bibl. d. deutsch. National-Liter.), 5m., Quedlinburg, 1841 ; rec. W. Dick, 
6m., Leipzig, 1890. English translation by Rev. C. Swan (1824), 5s. (Bohn's Lib.), 1877; 
re-ed. W. Hooper (Bohn's Antiq. Lib.), 5s., 1905; re-ed. Thos. Wright, 7s. 6d. Chatto; 
Abridged: 2s. 6d., Sonnenschein ; with introduction by E. A. Baker (Library of Early 
Novelists), Routledge, 6s. n. ($2, Dutton, New York), 1905.] 

Malory, Sir Thomas. Le Morte Darthur : Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King 
Arthur and of his Noble Knights of the Round Table. 1485 

Printed by Caxton in 1485. A redaction of the Arthurian legends from many English and 
French versions. These sources, and the extent of Malory's indebtedness to each, are 
exhaustively treated by Dr. H. O. Sommer in his monumental reprint of Caxton's text, 
with excursus on Malory's English, a valuable introduction on Malory, and copious variant 
readings, notes, etc. Malory did not always utilize the finest version of an episode ; and 
modem poets, e.g. Tennyson, would have done better had they gone nearer the fountain- 
head for their readings of the legends (e.g. to the Mabinogion or Chretien de Troyes) ; 
nevertheless his book is a great storehouse of knightly tales of adventure, feats of arms, 
strange enchantments, mystical enterprises like the Grail quest, and of immortal love- 
tales like those of Lancelot and Guenevere, Tristan and Iseult, Geraint and Enid. Caxton 
published it as a handbook to the manly virtues of chivalry ; and in spite of the " vain 
amatorious " element denounced by the Puritans, it remains one of the most nobly 
inspiring books in our English tongue. Malory's unique place in our literature is due, at 
least as much as to the tact of his selection, to the strong, simple English in which he writes, 
with its command of vivid suggestion and its noble cadences. [Ed. Israel Gollancz, 4 vols., 
each IS. 6d. n. (Temple Classics), Dent, 1897; ed. A. W. Pollard, 2 vols, 7s. n., Macmillan, 
1900; ed. with an intro. by Sir E. Strachey (Globe Ecln.), 3s. 6d., Macmillan; The Boy's 
King Arthur, ed. Sidney Lanier, 7s. 6d., Low. The Morte Darthur, verbatim repr. of 
Caxton's original ed., with Introduction, Variants, Notes, Glossarial Index, and Study 
of the sources of Malory, by H. O. Sommer, and a Study of Malory by A. Lang ; 3 vols., 
4to, Nutt 1889-91, £2 los. n. ; also 2 vols., Roxburghe, l^ n., or in 3 vols., Roxburghe, 
£i 3S. n.] 

Merlin ; or, the Early History of King Arthur ; a Prose Romance. c. 1450-60 

Translation of a French prose romance that took final shape early in the thirteenth century, 
and was based on a poem by Robert de Borron and the continuation entitled the Book 
of Arthur. Borron incorporated the Perceval and Grail legends with the mythical history 
of Arthur. This forms an introduction to the prose Lancelot, since it covers to a great 
extent, though in a prolix and far less interesting fashion, the same ground as the first five 
books of Malory. The original French verse romance of Merlin (late twelfth century) 
came between the metrical romances Joseph d'Arimathie and Perceval. Briefly, the chief 
matters dealt with are, the birth of Merlin and Arthur, and the battle with the recalcitrant 
barons ; the marriage of Arthur and Gonnore, the foundation of the Round Table ; the 



SIXTEENTH CENTURY 

wars with the Saxons, who meet him in battle after battle ; the defeat of King Rion, the 
battle with the Romans, the enchantment of Merlin, and the birth of Lancelot. The germ 
of the Merhn legend is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth. Some of the most magical chapters 
in Arthurian romance occur in the Merlin, e.g. the finest and purest version of the Merlin 
and Vivien episode. [Ed. by H. B. Wheatley ; with intro. containing outlines of the 
history of the legend of Merlin, by W. E. Mead ; also essays on Merlin the Enchanter and 
Merlin the Bard, by D. W. Nash, and Arthurian Localities by J. S. Stuart Glennie ; index, 
glossary, notes, and bibliog., 2 vols. (Early English Text Society), Kegan Paul, 33s. 6d., 
1865-99.] 

Reynard the Fox, The History of, tr. Wilham Caxton [c. 1422-91]. 1481 

A fable or beast-epic which had European currency in the Middle Ages, and attained its 
finest Uterary embodiment in the Low German and Flemish versions of the thirteenth 
fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. These were derived from the French, though the 
oldest versions known are in Latin. Complaints are made in the Lion's Court against 
Reynard's roguery and insolence, but by craft and eloquence he evades them, and after- 
wards wins in the trial by combat. A comic mirror of the period, full of satire on roguish 
and sensual priests, and other delinquents ; not pure allegory, but deeply humorous 
and ironical. [Ed. Joseph Jacobs, with historical excursus, subset., 7s. 6d., Nutt, 1893 ; 
ed. Wm. Morris, o.p., Kelmscott Press, 1893. Free rendering of Caxton's Transl., ed. F. S. 
Ellis, 25s. net, 4to, Nutt, 1894. For texts, see Le Roman de Renart, ed. Ernest Martin, 
3 vols., Strassburg, Trubner, 1882-7 ; s-nd for history, etc., Martin's Observations sur le 
Roman de Renart, Triibner, Strassburg, 1887, 3m. 50.] 

Weston, Jessie L. [tr.]. Arthurian Legends unrepresented in Malory. See French 
Fiction infra. 

SIXTEENTH CENTURY— 1501-1600 

Breton, Nicholas [1545 ?-i626 ?]. The Miseries of Mamillia ; the most unfortunate 
Ladie that ever lived. 

The Strange Futures of Two Excellent Princes in their Lives and Loves to 

their equall Ladies in all the titles of true honour. 1600 

These stories and a number of pamphlets, dialogues, and other works written in imitation of 
Greene, are collected in Breton's Works in Verse and Prose, ed. Dr. Grosart, 2 vols. 
(Worthies Library), 1879. M. Jusserand sees in Mamilha some anticipations of Defoe. 
The other story quoted is from the Italian. 

Dekker, Thomas [c. 1 570-1641]. 

The Bachelor's Banquet. 1603 

The Seven Deadly Sins of London 1606 

The Gull's Hornbook. 1609 

Realistic pamphlets, like Greene's and Nash's, giving strong pictures of town life, especially 
the seamy side, based no doubt on Dekker's own experiences in a rather shady career. 
The first is adapted from Les Quinze Joyes de Mariage. The last supplies a code of manners 
for the contemporary gallant in his various resorts in London. [In Works ed. A. H. 
BuUen, 4 vols., Nimmo, 1887, 30s., o.p. ; Gull's Hornbook, ed. with notes by R. B. McKerrow 
(King's Classics), is. 6d. n., Chatto.] 

Deloney, Thomas [1543 ?-i6oo ?]. Thomas of Reading ; or, The Sixe Worthie 
Yeomen of the West. Earliest extant edition, 1612. 

An early historical novel by a silk-weaver of Norwich, who was a noted ballad-writer ; a 
crude mixture of fact and fiction, yet containing the first consistent attempt at drawing 
material for fiction from the everyday life of everyday people. Thomas Cole, the rich 
clothier, is said to have been a real person, and much interesting lore is introduced as to 
the wealth and character of his order, and curious customs and privileges, like the Gibbet 
Law of Halifax. Henry I's reign is the imaginary period, but there are many ana- 
chronisms. The more romantic chapters are concerned with the king's brother, Robert 
of Normandy, and the Lady Margaret, whom he loves. [6th ed. (1632), repr. in W. J. 

3 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Thorns' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9. Included in The Works of Thomas 
Deloney, edited from the earhest extant editions and broadsides by F. O. Mann, with an 
introduction and notes, i8s. net ($5.75), Clarendon Press, 1912.] 

Fenton, Sir Geoffrey [1539 ?-i6o8]. Certaine Tragicall Discourses writtene oute 
of Frenche and La tine. 1567 

Fourteen histories (four identical with four of Painter's) from Boiasteau and Belleforest's 
Histoires Tragiques, extraictes des (Euvres Italiennes de Bandel, a French collection through 
which many of Bandello's stories came into English literature, e.g. Brooke's poem of 
Romeus and Juliet, the source of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. [Certain Tragical Dis- 
courses of Bandello, translated into English by Geffraie Fenton, anno 1567; with an 
Intro, by R. L. Douglas, 2 vols. (Tudor Translations), Nutt, 1898, £1 los. n.] 

Ford, Emanuel. Parismus, the Renoumed Prince of Bohemia. 1598-9 

Sub-title : " His most famous, delectable, and pleasant historie, conteining his noble battailes 
fought against the Persians, his loue to Laurana, the King's daughter of Thessaly, and 
his strange aduentures in the desolate Hand." [Lond., 1598 : o.p.] A sequel appeared 
entitled Parismenos [sic] ; the second part of the Historie of Parismus, the renowned 
Prince of Bohemia, 1599. Several incidents correspond to Greene's Pandosto and 
Shakespeare's Winter's Tale. There were many later editions of the whole work, which 
was issued also in an abridged form as a chap-book ; in fact, all Ford's romances 
were extremely popular in the seventeenth century. High-flown amours, questionable 
morals, and extravagant adventures were Ford's stock-in-trade. 

The Most Pleasant History of Omatus and Artesia, wherein is contained the 

unjust reign of Thaeon, King of Phrygia. c. 1598 

The Famous History of Montelion, knight of the oracle, son of the true mirrour 



of Princes, the most renowned king Persicles of Assyria. Earliest known ed. 1633 

Romances modelled on the Spanish pattern, e.g. Amadis and Palmerin, written in an euphuistic 
style. [All o.p.] 

FoRTESCUE, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of Historyes no lesse profitable 
than pleasant and necessary doone out of Frenche. 1571 

A miscellany of stories which are said to have been written in Spanish by Pietro de Messia, 
translated into Italian, thence into French, and from French into English by Fortescue. 
Warton thought that many of the stories migrated originally from Italy into Spain, [o.p.] 

George i Green, The History of George k Green, Pindar of the town of Wake- 
field : his Birth, Calling, Valour, and Reputation in the Country, with divers 
pleasant, as well as serious passages in the course of his life and fortune [1155-94]. 

1706 

Makes a crude sort of novel out of the traditional exploits of the Doughty Pindar, or Pound- 
keeper, by connecting them with the Earl of Kendall's rebellion, during Richard's absence 
in the Holy Land. Robin Hood is introduced, and fights George a Green, to prove that 
Maid Marian is more beautiful than the Pindar's Beatrice. A grand fight with quarter- 
staves, in the town of Merry Bradfield, is described in the last chapter [repr. in W. J. 
Thoms' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] 

Greene, Robert [c. 1560-92]. Mamillia : a Mirrour or Looking-glasse for the 
Ladies of Englande. 1580-3 

An' insipid didactic love story in the Italian manner, published in two parts, 1580 and 
1583. Exploits the euphuistic idea and adds a romantic story. Greene, one of the 
university wits intoxicated by the art and the profligacy of Italy, wrote a number of 
pastorals in imitation of Lyly and Sidney, but is of more importance in literary history on 
the score of his numerous pamphlets — half novel and half descriptive article, like those 
of Dekker — e.g. Farewell to Follie, The Notable Discovery of Cosnage, A Groatsworth of Wit, 
bought with a million of Repentance. These give us priceless glimpses of Elizabethan life, 
especially on the seamy side, and were not without their influence on Defoe's realistic fiction. 
[In vol. ii. of Life and Works of Greene, ed. A. B. Grosart (Huth Library), 15 vols., 1881-6.] 

The Myrrour of Modestie. 1584 

Rehashes the story of Susannah and the Elders as a moral lesson. [In vol. iii. of Works.^ 

A 



SIXTEENTH CENTURY 

Greene, Robert {continued). — Greenes Carde of Fancie. 1584-7 

Arbasto : the Anatomie of Fortune. 1584 

■ Morando : the Tritameron of Love. 1584-7 

[Carde of Fancie in vol. iv; Arbasto and Morando are in vol. iii. of Works.] 

Planetomachia. 1585 

Penelope's Web. 1587 

Perimedes the Blacke- Smith. 1588 

Love pamphlets, dialogues, and collections of ultra-romantic stories, all couched in a didactic 
style and interspersed with frequent verse. Arbasto, once king of Denmark, now a hermit, 
relates his misfortunes in love and war. Penelope and her attendants discourse and tell 
stories of love, and so do Perimedes and his wife, borrowing their material from Boccaccio. 
Planetomachia gives examples of sidereal influence on the fate of lovers. [Two former in 
vol. v., and third in vol. vii. of Works.] 

Euphues, his Censure to PhUautus ... a Philosophical! Combat betweene 

Hector and Achy lies. 1587 

A continuation of Lyly's Euphues, designed to show " the exquisite portraiture of a perfect 
martialist." [In vol. vi. of Works.] 

Pandosto, the Triumph of Time ; [or, the Pleasant History of Dorastus and 

Fawnia.] 1588 

A pastoral, written in the euphuistic style, based on a Polish tale, and used by Shakespeare 
as material for A Winter's Tale. Plot, scenery, and characters, with the chronological 
and topographical mistakes, are all reproduced there. Pandosto is Leontes, Dorastus, 
Florizel, and Fawnia, Perdita. [In vol. iv. of Works, ed. by Grosart, 15 vols. (Huth 
Library), 1 881-6. Ed. P. G. Thomas (Shakespeare Classics) with Second Day of Puget 
de la Serre's Pandoste (1631) in French, 4s. n., Chatto, 1907.] 



— Alcida : Greenes Metamorphosis. c. 1589 

History of three princesses moralizing on the vanity of women. [In vol. ix. of Works.] 

Menaphon : Camillas Alarum to Slumbering Euphues in his Melancholie 



Cell at Silexedra. 1589 

His most poetical story : shepherds, princesses, and knights engaged in amorous adventures 

in Arcadia ; conventional in plan, but exhaling the breath of the fields and woods ; the 

female figures tenderly and delicately drawn ; particularly full of songs and snatches 

of verse. [In vol. vi. of Works.] 

Ciceronis Amor, TuUie's Loue. 1589 

Orpharion ... a musicall Concorde of pleasant Histories. 1590 

Classical stories, the first described by its title, and one of the few Elizabethan attempts at 
historical fiction, the other a medley of tales of the Olympian gods and goddesses. [In vols, 
vii. and xii. of Works.] 

Greenes Mourning Garment ; given him by Repentance at the Funerals of Love. 

1590 

■ Greenes Neuer too Late ; or, a Powder of Experience. 1590 

Both mixtures of oblique autobiography and fiction, purporting to be written as a warning 
to youthful gentlemen. [In vols. ix. and x. of Works.] 

Philomela ; the Lady Fitzwater's Nightingale. 1592 

Another euphuistic romance. The chastity of a Venetian lady is treacherously put to the 

test by her husband. She is afterwards banished and suffers many perils and privations ; 
but maintains her virtue inviolate, and after her husband's death lives honourably as 
his widow. The exalted idealism is in strange contrast with the writer's own profligacy. 
[In vol. xi. of Works.] 

Helyas, Knight of the Swan, the History of. 1512 

Said to have been printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1512 ; extant edition printed by Copland, 

5 



ENGLISH FICTION 

and dedicated to Edward, Duke of Buckingham, who claimed descent from the fabulous 
hero, said to be grandfather of Godfrey of Boulogne. Translated from a French prose 
romance printed in 1504. The legend is of great antiquity, and is referred to in Flanders 
early in the fourteenth century. There was a French romance in 30,000 verses, which 
was probably the original of a little poem in English alliterative verse, the Chevelere 
Assigne. The knight's brothers were changed to swans to escape the vengeance of their 
wicked grandmother, who had persuaded their father. King Orient, that his wife had 
committed an abominable crime. When this falsehood is miraculously cleared up, the 
romance goes on to tell how the brethren are restored to human shape, how valiant deeds 
are done, and the house of " Boulyon " founded by the seed of Helyas. [W. J. Thoms, 
Early English Prose Romances, p. 9.] 

Johnson, Richard [1573-1659 ?]. The Famous History of the Seaven Champions 
of Christendom. 1596-1608 

A very popular and now very rare book, which Ritson described as containing " all the lyes 
of Christendom in one lye." The champions are St. George of England, St. Denis of 
France, St. James of Spaine, St. Anthony of Italy, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick 
of Ireland, and St. David of Wales. The second part recounts the noble achievements 
of St. George's three sons, those " lively sparkes of nobility." There is observable here, 
as in Tom a Lincoln, a habit of paraphrasing passages or working up ideas stolen from 
Shakespeare. Some blank verse of merit is interspersed. [1596; 2nd part, 1608; 3rd 
part, 1608, o.p.] 

The History of Tom a Lincoln, the Red Rose Knight. 1607 

The hero is the son of King Arthur and a nun of Lincoln. He goes to " Fayerie Land," and 
has an amour with the Amazonian queen, whom he deserts. After ridding the land of 
Prester John of a dragon, he marries the daughter of that monarch. The ensuing ad- 
ventures are just as preposterous. The book is a vulgarization of the style of romance 
exemplified by the Morte d' Arthur, the Amadis, and the Faerie Queene, and is written in 
a debased kind of euphuism. It is interesting as showing what delighted the " general 
reader " of those days. [7th ed. (earliest extant), 1635, o.p. ; reprinted in W. J. Thoms', 
Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] 

Lodge, Thomas [c. 1557-1625]. The Delectable Historie of Forbonius and Pris- 
ceria. 1584 

In verse and prose, a pastoral romance in the euphuistic manner, cumbrous and vapid, but, 
like Greene's Mamillia of a year before, the forerunner of a popular line of romantic 
novels. [Reprinted by Shakespeare Society, 1853, o.p. ; and in vol. i. of The Complete 
Works of Lodge, ed. E. Gosse, 5 vols., Hunterian Club, Glasgow, 1884.] 

Rosalynde : Euphues Golden Legacie, found after his death in his cell at 

Silexedra. 1590 

A pastoral idyll which is the best of Lodge's works in prose and the most famous of the imita- 
tions of Lyly and Sidney, noteworthy also as the source of Shakespeare's As You Like It, 
which borrowed plot, scenery, and characters (Shakespeare added Jaques, Touchstone, 
and Audrey to these). It is a version of the old tale of Gamelyn, sometimes included in the 
Canterbury Tales. [Cassell's National Library, 3d., cloth 6d. ; with illus. by T. Maybank, 
Routledge, 3s. 6d. net ; ed. W. W. Greg (Shakespeare Classics), Chatto, 1900, 4s. net. 

The Famous, true, and historicall life of Robert, second Duke of Normandy, 



sumamed Robin the Diuell. 1591 

A quasi-historical account of the famous Duke who was the subject of an old popular story 
collected in Thorns' Early English Prose Romances (see p. 9), and whose vices and exploits 
had been exaggerated into a myth like that of Gilles de Retz. [In vol. ii. of Works.'] 

— Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences. 1592 



His closest imitation of Lyly's didactic fiction ; an Italian story of Octavian's times, " wherein 
youthful folly is set downe in his right figure, and vaine fancies are prooved to produce 
many offences," as the title runs on. The Deafe Mans Dialogue, contayning Philamis 
Athanatos is " annexed." [In vol. ii. of Works.] 

— The Life and Death of wiUiam Long beard, the most famous and witty 
English Traitor . . . with other . . , Histories. 1593 

6 



SIXTEENTH CENTURY 

A similar work to Robin the Dittell — the hero is the famous Saxon, William Fitzosbert, who 
aroused the Londoners against their Norman oppressors, c. 1 192-6. Drayton probably 
got the materials hence for his last play, William Longbeard. The other tales are about 
pirates, Italian despots, etc. [In ColUer's Illustrations of O.E. Lit., vol. ii. 1866.] 

Lodge, Thomas {continued) — A Margarite of America. 1596 

Written in 1 592 while Lodge was stormbound in the Straits of Magellan. A fanciful storj' in the 
Arcadian style, about the Emperor's son of Cusco and the daughter of the king of Muscovy. 
Contains much mellifluous verse. [Ed. J. O. Halliwell, privately printed, Lond., 1859.] 

Lyly, John [155I-1606], Euphues, the Anatomy of Wit. 1579 

Euphues cind his England [Sequel]. 1580 

Lyly is famous, in the first place, for his Euphues, a work that combined the courtly treatise 
on manners and morals with characters and a story, and so initiated, and to some extent 
determined, the nature of the modern novel as an interpretation of Ufe ; and in the second 
place for his work as a dramatist. Euphues and its sequel form a didactic story, the object 
of which is to present the ideal gentleman. It is a story of pure abstractions, having less 
realism than the romances it superseded, and the human interest is thin and languid. 
But its style caught the popular taste and provoked endless imitations. Euphuism, 
this elaborate tissue of antithesis, simile, and allusion, pointed with alUteration and 
balanced cadences, was not Lyly's invention. It began in England with Lord Bemers' 
Froissart, and was all the mode with Gosson, Pettie, and others. Lyly perfected and 
popularized it, and gave all such fashions a label for future use. His prose comedies 
were looked upon till recently as important beginnings of the Elizabethan drama, but 
M. A. Feuillerat, in his John Lyly : Contribution d I'Histoire de la Renaissance en Angle- 
terre (Cam. Univ. Press, 1910), shows that for a quarter of a century Court dramatists 
had been turning out similar plays on mythical, pastoral, and allegorical subjects. 

[Euphues, ed. E. Arber (English reprints), 1904, Constable, 4s. n. ; contains Chronicle of 
life, works, and times ; intro. and bibliog. The best ed. of all his works is The Complete 
Works of John Lyly,ed. by R. W. Bond, 3 vols., Clar. Press, 1902, 42s. net. Mr. Bond's 
invaluable researches are epitomized by J. D. Wilson, with an acute exegesis, in John 
Lyly, Macmillan and Bowes, Cambridge, 1905.] 

Melbancke, Brian. Philotimus : the Warre betwixt Nature and Fortune. 1583 

A didactic miscellany of letters, dialogues, verses, closely imitating Euphues, and interesting 
for its allusions to contemporary life, [o.p.] 

More, Sir Thomas [1478-1535]. Utopia ; translated by Raphe Robynson. 1516 

PubUshed in Latin at Lou vain, the satire making it risky to publish in England. The author 
meets a comrade of Amerigo Vespucci, and hears about the isle of Utopia — Nowhere — 
the perfect government of which is contrasted with the lamentable state of England 
Draws a condemnatory picture of English society, finance, laws, the luxury of the rich 
and misery of the labouring class, a picture touched in with humorous satire. In book 
ii. the Utopian system is expounded — national education, sanitary laws, hmited hours 
of labour, ethical philosophy — a socialist system, prophetically modern. [Utopia, trans. 
Ralphe Robinson, ed., with intro. and notes, by J. Churton Collins, Frowde, 1908, 2s. n. ; 
ed. J. R. Lumby, with Roper's Life, Camb. Univ. Press, 2s. ; Ralph Holland, 2s. 6d. n. ; 
More's Millennium, ed. Valerian Paget, gives the Utopiain modern English; Rivers, 1909, 
5s. n. Also included in Ideal Commonwealths, ed. by Prof. H. Morley, is., Routledge 
(35c. n., Dutton, New York).] 

MuN DAY, Anthony [1553-1633]. Zelauto ; the Fountain of Fame. 1580 

Munday, a versatile and industrious writer of City Pageants and miscellaneous pamphlets, 
dialogues, and other occasional works, is of most importance in the historj' of fiction as a 
translator. He published among other translations from French, Spanish, and Italian, 
renderings of Palmerin d'Oliva and its continuations, Amadis de Gaule and Primaleon of 
Greece. Zelauto is a complimentary and complementary piece to Lyly's Euphues, the titular 
hero, son of the Duke of Venice, travelling through Italy, Spain, Persia, and Turkej', 
and finding the most happy estate of well-being in England, [o.p.] 

Nash, Thomas [1567-1601]. The Unfortunate Traveller ; or, the Life of Jack 
Wilton. 1594 

Owes its inception, perhaps, to the Spanish picaroon stories, Brady's trans, of Lazarillo de 
Tormes, having appeared in 1576. Whether, in turn, it gave ideas to Defoe is doubtful 



ENGLISH FICTION 

The nearest approach to reaUsm in Elizabethan fiction. Nash's object was to write a 
sensation story ; and he produces several lurid and ghastly episodes, in which the Ufe 
of that " hell of iniquity," Italy, where he had apparently travelled, furnish circumstance 
and verisimilitude. Historical persons — e.g. Sidney and the fair Geraldine — actual events, 
and accounts of famous cities in Germany, France, and Italy, are introduced into a 
mixed recital — half rogue-story, half travel-book. [Ed. with Essay on Life and Writings 
of Nash, by Edmund Gosse, ys. 6d., Chiswick Press, 1892.] 

Painter, William [1540-94]. The Palace of Pleasure. 1566-7 

A famous treasury of stories from Boccaccio, Bandello, Cinthio, Ser Giovanni, Straparola, 
Guevara, Marguerite of Navarre, etc., in most cases the first translations into English. 
The Elizabethan dramatists quarried many of their plots here ; e.g. Romeo and Juliet, 
All's Well that Ends Well, and Measure for Measure. [Ed. Joseph Jacobs, 3 vols., 50s. 
n., Nutt, 1890: o.p. (a verbatim repr. of Haslewood's Ed. of 1813).] 

Pettie, George [1548-89]. A petite Pallace of Pettie his pleasure : contajmyng 
many pretie Hystories by him set foorth in comely colours and most delightfully 
discoursed. 1576 

Pettie got the idea of his collection from Painter's Palace of Pleasure, and his style from Lyly. 
Only a dozen tales — Sinorix and Camma, Tereus and Progne, Germanicus and Agrippina, 
Amphiaraus and Eriphile, Icilius and Virginia, Admetus and Alcest, Scilla and Minos, 
Curiatius and Horatia, Cephalus and Procris, Minos and Pasiphae, Pigmaleons freinde 
and his Image, Alexius. [Ed. I. GoUancz, 2 vols. (King's Classics), 3s. n., Chatto.] 

Rich, Bamaby [1540 ?-i6i7]. The Straunge and wonderfuU Adventures of Don 
Simonides. 158 1-4 

An euphuistic novel of Italy and London, modelled on Lyly, whose Philautus is introduced. 
[2 vols, in 1581 and 1584, o.p.] 

• Riche his Farewell to Militarie profession : conteining verie pleasaimt dis- 
courses fit for a peaceable tyme. 1581 

The Adventures of Brusanus, Prince of Hungaria. 1592 

Stories specially addressed to the Gentlewomen of England and Ireland. Shakespeare read 
the Farewell, a collection of romances, and borrowed his materials for Twelfth Night from 
a story, Apolonius and Silla, that came through Belief orest's Histoires Tragiques from 
Bandello. [This is reprinted in Collier and Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Library, fol. i, vol. i. 
[o.p.], and in Apolonius and Silla (Shakespeare Classics) with passages from Bandello, Belle- 
forest, etc., 2s. 6d. n., Chatto, 1912. Brusanus is o.p.] 

Robin Hood. The Noble Birth and Gallant Achievements of that Remarkable 
Outlaw Robin Hood ; together with a true account of the many merry and 
extravagant exploits he play'd in twelve several stories. Newly collected into 
one volume by an Ingenious Antiquary. 1678 

A redaction into prose of ballads from the common garlands, most of which appear in Ritson's 
collection. It forms the only prose history of Robin Hood. The editor has printed 
herewith a MS. life of the great outlaw, preserved in the Sloane Library ; this is a prose 
paraphrase of the ancient legend A Lytle Geste of Robyn Hode. The twelve stories re- 
count some of his most famous feats and adventures, such as the fights with the Tanner 
of Nottingham, with the Beggar, and with the Curtal Fryar [alias Friar Tuck, alias The 
Monk of Copmanhurst) , his feats of archery, etc. Full of anachronisms. The period is 
supposed to be that of Henry VIII, instead of the early Angevin period (c. 1160-99). 
[o.p., but included in W. J. Thorns' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] 

Shakespeare's Library ; the romances, novels, poems, and histories used by Shake- 
speare as the foundation of his dramas ; ed. by J. Payne Collier. 2 vols. 1843 

Greene's Pandosto {The Winter's Tale) ; Lodge's Rosalynd (As You Like It) ; The Histoire of 
Hamblet (Hamlet) ; Apollonius, Prince of Tyre (Pericles) ; Romeus and Juliet, by Arthur 
Brooke ; Rhomeo and Julietta, from Paynter's Palace of Pleasure ; Giletta of Narbona 
(All's Well that Ends Well), ibid.; The Two Lovers of Pisa (Merry Wives of Windsor); 
The Historie of Apollonius and Silla (containing part of plot of Twelfth Night), Rich's 
Farewell to Military Profession, 1606 ; The Historie of Promos and Cassandra (Measure for 

8 



SIXTEENTH CENTURY 

Measure), from Whetstone's Heptameron of Civil Discourses, 1582 ; The Adventures of 
Giannetto, from the Pecorone of Ser Giovanni Fiorentino, Of a Jew Who Would for his 
Debt have the Flesh of a Christian, from the Orator of Alex. Silvayn, trans, by A. Munday, 
1598, The Choice of Three Caskets, from the Gesta Romanorum, trans, by Robinson 
{Merchant of Venice) ; The Story of a Moorish Captain, from the Heccatomithi of Cinthio 
{Othello) ; Queen Cordila, a poem by John Higgins, from the Mirror for Magistrates, 
1587 ; The Paphlagonian Unkind King, from Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, 1590 (Gloster 
and his sons in King Lear) ; Th« History of Makbeth, from Holinshed's Chronicle ; The 
Shepherdess Felismena, from the Diana of Montemayor, trans, by B. Young, 1598 (Two 
Gentlemen of Verona) ; The Story told by the -Fishwife of Stand on the Green, from West- 
ward for Smelts, 1620 (Cymbeline). [Thomas Rodd, 1843, o.p. Most of these works are 
reprinted in the new Shakespeare Library, with revised and annotated texts, and a most 
elaborate apparatus criticus, embracing introductions, notes, illustrative passages from 
originals of translations, etc., 8 vols, now published, 4s. n. each, Chatto.] 

Sidney, Sir Philip [1554-86]. The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. 1590 

Not published till 1590, though written a decade earlier and widely circulated in MS. In the 
A rcadia, Sidney combined the pastoral romance of Sanazzaro and Montemayor -with the 
romance of chivalry. It is a rambling story of the adventures of two shipwrecked princes, 
who in disguise woo the daughters of the king of Arcadia, and set in motion a train of 
events which are to fulfil a certain oracle. The book in both matter and expression is nearer 
poetry than prose fiction proper, mingling verse with a flowery and emotional prose 
elaborately cadenced, and imaging a more beautiful world than the real, in the manner 
expounded by Sidney in his Apologie. The action and the characters body forth his ideals 
of chivalrous virtue, heroic energy, and passionate love, and express his longing for 
a simpler and purer life than was his own lot amid the pomps and frivolities of Elizabeth's 
court. Alexander supplemented " a defect in the third part," and Beling added a sixth 
book. Dr. H. O. Sommer's (only edn. since i8th century except Hans Friswell's 
abridgement, 6s., London, 1893) is a photographic reproduction of ist ed., which con- 
tained only first three books (1891, 42s., Paul; $12.50, Scribner, N.Y.). Mr. Bertram 
Dobell has recently discovered an interesting MS. which, he believes, proves that Sidney 
had cut down and altered his original draft in this edn., not to the betterment of the story. 
This he proposes to issue verbatim. [Ed. E. A. Baker, with the additions of Sir Wm. 
Alexander and Richard Beling, a life, and intro. (Early NoveUsts), Routledge, 1907, 
6s. n. ($2, Dutton, New York); ed. A. Feuillerat, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Univ. Press, 1912; 
the story of Argalus and Parthenia was often pubhshed separately in the seventeenth 
and eighteenth centuries, e.g. The Unfortunate Lovers: the history of Argalus and Par- 
thenia. Black Letter, 1672.] 

Thoms, W. J. [ed.]. Early English Prose Romances. 1828, new ed. 1907 

Combines the contents of Henry Morley's Early Prose Romances (Carisbrooke Library) with 
those in the former edn. by Thoms. Traditional stories of popular heroes or creatures of 
romantic fantasy, current in the Tudor period in the form of chap-books and the like. 
Many of them were dramatized by Elizabethan playwrights. In modern times Goethe 
and Wagner have utilized the Faustus legend and that of the Swan Knight. For 
Reynard see p. 3 ; Thomas of Reading, p. 3 ; Robin Hood, p. 8 ; George a Green, 
p. 4 ; Tom a Lincoln, p. 6 ; Knight of the Swanne, p. 5 ; Faustus (in Germ, scctn.). 
Robert the Deuyll, an early French serio-comic tale of diabolical wickedness and plenary 
repentance ; afterwards located in Normandy. The earliest known version is in Latin 
prose (thirteenth century). Virgilius, from the Dutch translation of the French story; an 
Italian folk-tale in origin, being the life and miracles of Virgil, the fabled enchanter, 
based on legends of the poet. The History of Hamlet, from Richard Bradnocke's version 
(1608). Hamlet's story was told originally by Saxo Grammaticus, the Danish historio- 
grapher (twelfth century) ; see Ambales Saga (in Scandin. sectn.). Fryer Bacon, an Eliza- 
bethan version of the earlier story of the great Franciscan (1214-92) and his achievements, 
with those of Bungay and Vandermast. Guy of Warwick is a twelfth or thirteenth 
century story of Athelstan's reign, embodying some episodes from the metrical King 
Horn, and connected in subject with the Havelok poem. The present highly grandilo- 
quent and semi-metrical version was published at the end of the sixteenth century. 
Friar Rush, as savage a lampoon on the clergy as Reynard, is an old Danish tale, found 
in High German verse of the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century. The friar i^ a devil 
who enters a monastery, and commits all sorts of ludicrous physical and moral outrages 
on the monks. [New edn., rev. and enlarged (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., 
Routledge, 1907 (|2, Dutton, New York).] 

Warner, William [1558 ?-i6o9]. Pan his Syrinx, or Pipe, compact of seven Reedes. 

1585 
9 



ENGLISH FICTION 

By the author of Albion's England. Seven tales on the model of the Theagenes and 
Chariclea of Heliodorus, written in the current euphuistic style, and not without Lyly's 
didactic moralizing about women, dress, manners, and the like, [o.p.] 

Whetstone, George [1544 P-isSy ?]. An Heptameron of Civill Discourses. 1582 
Sub-title : " Conteining the Christmasse Exercise of Sundrie well Courted Gentlemen and 
Gentlewomen ; in whose behaviours the better sort may see a representation of their 
own vertues, and the Inferiour may learne such Rules of Civil Government as will rase 
out the Blemish of their basenesse. Wherein is Renowned the Vertues of a most honourabel 
and brave mynded gentleman." A collection of romances from Cinthio and others, 
divided, like the Decameron, into seven days and one night. The story of Promos and 
Cassandra reported by Isabella gave Whetstone the plot of his play of the same nantie 
(1578), and Shakespeare material for Measure for Measure. This story was reprinted 
in Collier and Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Library, vol. i., iii.; reprinted by Chatto (Shake- 
speare Library), 4s. net, and Cassell's National Library, 1889. This Heptameron was 
reissued sub tit. Aurelia, the Paragon of Pleasure and Princely Delights, by G. W., gent., 
1593- [o.p.] 

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY— 1601-1700 

Adventures of Covent Garden (The), in imitation of Scarron's City Romance. 1699 
An imitation of Furetiere's Roman bourgeois (1666) rather than of Scarron's Roman comique. 
One of the most graphic and detailed pictures extant of London life in the days of the 
coffee-houses and in the cultivated circles in which Dryden, Congreve, and their literary 
acquaintances moved. The conversation of Peregrine, the hero of the story, and various 
ladies, at the play and at scenes like St. Bartholomew's Fair, gives interesting glimpses 
of literary tastes, etc. [o.p.] 

Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans [1561-1626]. The New 
Atlantis. 1635 

Certain voyagers discover an unknown land in the Pacific inhabited by a people of higher 
civilization than that of Europeans. In this unfinished tale Bacon embodies much of his 
philosophy, and makes suggestions, such as the utility of scientific academies, that have 
borne fruit since ; it is also a good example of his English prose. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; 
ed. Smith, 40c. n., Macmillan, N.Y. ; also in Ideal Commonwealths, ed. by H. Morley, is., 
Routledge.] 

Bacon, Fryer. The Famous Historie of Fryer Bacon. 1627 

" Containing the WonderfuU Things that he did in his life : also the manner of his death ; 
with the lives and deaths of the two Coniurers, Bungye and Vandermast." An Elizabethan 
version of an earlier story of the great Franciscan (1214—92) and his achievements, which 
are after the manner of the time ascribed to necromantic powers. Notable as the story 
on which Greene based his finest play [repr. in W. J. Thoms' Early English Prose Romances, 
Routledge, 6s. n. (§2, Button, N.Y.).] 

Barclay, John [i 582-1621]. Argenis ; or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argenis. 161 1 
An allegory with political double-meanings grafted on to the romance of gallantry and heroism, 
such as was coming into vogue in France. Barclay reconstructs the map of Europe, 
and, bestowing classical names on the leading personages of the religious wars, weaves an 
elaborate and perplexing romance full of surprises and occult significations. Sicily repre- 
sents France ; Poliarchus, Henry IV ; Usinulca, Calvin ; Hyanisbe, Queen Elizabeth ; the 
Hyperaphanii, the Huguenots; etc. [Trans, by Kingsmill Long, folio, Lond., 1625; 
trans, into English — the prose by Sir Robert Le Grys, kt., and the verses by Thos. May, 
esquire, Lond., 1628 ; The Phoenix, or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis ; trans, from 
Latin (by Clara Reeve), 4 vols., London, 1771, all o.p. ; seventeenth-century Latin 
editions abound, many in the Elzevir format.] 

Behn, Mrs. Aphra [1640-89]. Novels. 1698 

The Royal Slave [Oroonoko), The Fair Jilt, The Nun, Agnes de Castro, The Lover's Watch, 
The Case for the Watch, The Lady's Glass to Dress herself by. The Lucky Mistake, The Court 
of the King of Bantam, The Adventure of the Black Lady. Mrs. Behn wrote a large number 
of licentious plays, one novel of singular merit, Oroonoko, and some indifferent novelettes 
which are collected here. These last are negligible effusions, poor in plot, false in senti- 
ment, unreal in method, all on variations of the one theme — the omnipotence of love. 
Oroonoko has a truth and power unexampled in these. It is the story of an heroic negro 
who is kidnapped and sold into slavery in Surinam, where Aphra perhaps witnessed his 
sufferings and magnanimity. As a glorification of the natural man, this book anticipated 
Rousseau, and as an emancipation novel, Mrs. Stowe. [With introd. by E. A. Baker 
(Library of Early Novelists), Routledge, 1905, 6s. n. ($2, Dutton, New York.).] 



SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 

BuNYAN, John [1628-88]. The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to That Which 
is to Come. 1678-84 

Written in prison between 1660 and 1672. Describes the toils and trials of the Christian's 
mortal life under the guise of a journey from the City of Destruction to the New Jeru- 
salem. One of the most absorbing allegories, because the least artificial, the characters 
interesting in themselves, intensely alive, and meeting with experiences fruitful in natural 
drama. Bunyan's prose is the simplest and purest English, homely, yet capable of sub- 
lime effects. Incidentally, he drew graphic pictures of his time in scenes from English 
provincial life, and types of human nature from his own keen-eyed observation. [Facsimile 
of ist ed. (1678), 2S. 6d., Stock, 1894; Critical text, ed. J. Brown, '53., Hodder, 1886; 
ed. E. Venables (with Grace Abounding), 3s. 6d., Clar. Press (1879), 1901 ; "Thumb" 
ed. of same, is. 6d., 1896; (Golden Treasury Series), 2s. 6d. n. ($1), Macmillan, 1862 ; 
ed. G. Oftor, 2s., Bliss, 1897 ; is. 6d. n. (Temple Classics), Dent (45c., Dutton, New York), 
1898.] 

The Life and Death of Mr. Badman. 1680 

A counterpart to the history of Christian. Relates the progress of a sinner to perdition. 
The dialogues between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive, and other digressions reheve the 
narrative. The rude country life of Charles the Second's time is painted with faithful 
realism, and the story is a natural and straightforward kind of narrative with a moral 
attached. [In vol. iii. of his Whole Works, ed. by G. Offor. 3 vols., 57s.; 8vo, Blackie, 
1862, o.p. ; with The Holy War, ed. by John Brown, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Press.] 

The Holy War. 1682 

Pure allegory again : the strife between celestial and infernal hosts, led by Prince Emmanuel 
and Diabolus, for the City of Mansoul. The sects inside and outside of the Anglican 
Church are all represented in the struggle, which unfortunately turns in the main on 
quibbling points of doctrine. [Ed. J. Brown, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Press; ed. Mabel 
Peacock (with The Heavenly Footman), 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Clar. Press, 1892 ; is., R.T.S.] 

CoNGREVE, William [1670-1729]. Incognita ; or, Love and Duty Reconciled. 1692 

Among the latest progeny of sentimental romanticism, but in some points an anticipation of 
the comic fiction about to be inaugurated by Fielding. Very brief, as novels went in 
those days, fruit of the idle hours of a fortnight's time ; and very dramatic, the plot 
comprehending exactly three days. Scene, Florence, "two couple so oddly engaged in an 
intricate amour," ending their affairs in satisfactory weddings, after a rapid series of 
intrigues and imbroglios which are related with a mixture of fashionable sentiment and 
mock-heroic raillery. The first published work of the author, [o.p.] 

Crowne, John [d. 1703 ?]. Pandion and Amphigenia ; or, the Story of the Coy Lady 
of Thessalia. 1665 

About the worst English example of the romance of heroism and sentiment, flagrantly and 
ineffectively copied from Sidney's Arcadia. Crowne, the dramatist's, first work, written, 
so he said, when he was " scarcely twenty years." [o.p.] 

Godwin, Francis [1562-1633]. The Man in the Moone ; or, a discourse of a Voyage 
thither by Domingo Gonsales. 1638 

Godwin was in succession Bishop of Llandaff and of Hereford, and the author of many learned 
books. Translated into French, this gave Cyrano de Bergerac the suggestion of his famous 
voyages to the moon. The story is also supposed to have given Bishop Williams the 
idea of his Discovery of a New World in the Moon. Swift may have borrowed from Cyrano, 
but it is quite probable that he had read Godwin, [o.p.] 

Harrington, James [1611-1677]. Oceana. 1656 

Half a romance of the conventional quasi-historical type, half a serious treatise on govern- 
ment. The account of his fictitious commonwealth, particularly the debates and the 
sketches of statesmen — which clearly refer to contemporary politics — have some humorous 
touches ; but the main part is grave theory enforcing such principles as a maximum 
allowance of landed property, election by ballot, etc., derived from Venice and Sparta. 
[Ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge, 1887 (35c. n., Dutton, New York).] 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Head, Richard [1637 ?-i686 ?]. The English Rogue described in the Life of Meriton 
Latroon, a witty extravagant, being a compleat History of the most Eminent 
Cheats of both Sexes [by Richard Head and Francis Kirkman]. 1665-71 

A coaxse, indecent, but racy story, in the form of the autobiography of a professional thief. 
Francis Kirkman, a bookseller, wrote a second part, licensed 1668, and in 1671 a 3rd 
and 4th parts were published. Head's life was a loose and adventurous one, and supplied 
him with material for a small library of works on canting, trepanning, and the villainous 
practices of the day. [Reprinted in 4 vols., Chatto, 1874 > o.p.] 

Ingelo, Nathaniel [1621 ?-83]. Bentivolio and Urania. 1660 

A religious romance or treatise : Bentivolio is Good Will, and Urania, Heavenly Light, [o.p.] 

Kirkman, Francis. Don Bellianis of Greece : (see Spanish Fiction, Fernandez (T.) ). 

Mackenzie, Sir George [1636-91]. Aretina ; or, the Serious Romance. 1661 

The most brilliant imitation in English of the French romances of heroic gallantry (see Gombre- 
ville. La Calprenede, and Scudery), by the famous persecutor — " the Bloody Mackenzie." 
Not unindebted to Lyly and Sidney for its high-flown style. Like Barclay and Harrington, 
Mackenzie dresses up contemporary politics in allegorical costumes, giving the kingdoms 
of England and Scotland under the names of Athens and Sparta. But the strength of the 
book — such as it is — lies in his able treatment of ethical and sentimental discussions, in 
emulation of his Gallic models. The paradoxes and aphorisms in which Mackenzie's 
juvenile wit luxuriated are set in ingenious conceits that are often grotesque but not seldom 
adorn. [Lond., 1661 ; o.p.] 

Nova Solyma ; or, Jerusalem Regained : an anonymous romance written in the 
time of Charles I, now first drawn from obscurity, and attributed to the illus- 
trious John Milton. With Introduction, Translation, Literary Essays, and a 
Bibliography, by Rev. Walter Begley. 1648 

Convincing arguments have been adduced by Professor J. W. Mackail {Quarterly, April, 1903), 
to show that Milton was not the author : but it is the work of a contemporary, and, prob- 
ably a college friend of Milton's. A very miscellaneous and formless production. The 
adventures of two Cambridge youths who visit the new Jerusalem, repossessed by the 
Jews after their conversion to Christianity ; in the fashionable style of which Euphues 
is the best exemplar. The account of Nova Solyma, its polity and social economy, family 
life, nurture and education of children, and its university, is another Utopia, embodying 
ideas common to many great minds of the period with which Milton was in full sympathy. 
Long discourses on theological questions, the Creation, nature and art, poetry, take up 
the larger part of the book. Many fine essays in Latin verse are translated into Miltonic 
metres, and offered as proofs of Milton's authorship. The love of the two students for the 
Daughter of Zion, the ecstatic character of Joseph, and the lighter amorous episodes 
belong to the general style of fanciful romance that preceded the birth of a true prose 
fiction. [Published sub tit. Novae Solymae, 1648; translation from a second issue in 
1649, 2 vols., 21S. n., 8vo, Murray, 1902.] 

Orrery, Roger Boyle, ist Earl of [1621-79]. Parthenissa ; that most fam'd romance. 

1654-65 

An imitation of the romance of spurious antiquity invented by Desmaretz and La Calprenede. 
Syrian, Parthian, Arabian princes, generals, lovers undergo the stereotyped adventures, in 
a complication of episodes and secondary stories, in which Hannibal, Spartacus, Massinissa, 
Mithradates, and other notabilities of classical history take parts. [First part appeared 
in 6 vols, in 1654, and complete ed. in 3 vols, in 1665 and in folio 1676; op.] 

English Adventures by a person of honour. 1676 

Tells the story of Henry the Eighth's and the Duke of Brandon's amorous exploits in the 
froward and cynical spirit of post- Restoration comedy. Brandon's adventures supplied 
Otway with matter for his Orphan (played in 1680). [o.p.] 

Wroath, Lady Mary. The Countess of Montgomerie's Urania. 1621 

An imitation of Sidney's Arcadia by a niece of his, daughter of Robert, Earl of Leicester. 
A mixture of Sidneian prose and verse, with the conventional shepherd-princes and royal 
shepherdesses herding their flocks and making love in Greece and the isles. [Folio, 
Lond., 162 1 ; o.p.] 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF— ly 01-17^0 

Addison, Joseph [1672-1719]. The Spectator, 1711-4 

The Spectator contains many critical or satirical pictures of society, moral apologues, and char- 
acter-sketches knit into a kind of memoir, such as that of Sir Roger de Coverley, all of 
which were important as aiding the development of the novel towards delineation of real 
life. The periodical essay went a stage further than the " character," whole volumes of 
which were published by Overbury, Earle, and numerous other writers of the preceding 
age. The essay not only analysed and criticized character in a philosophical way, but 
showed them actually immersed in the practical affairs of life. [8 vols., 24s. n.. Dent, 1897 ; 
ed. G. A. Aitken, 6 vols. (New Universal Lib.), each is. n., Routledge (each 50c., Dutton, 
New York) ; ed. H. Morley, with good Index by Wheeler, 2s. 6d., Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, 
New York) ; (Bohn's Lib.), 3 vols., each 3s. 6d., Bell (each $1 n., Macmillan, New York).] 

Carleton, Capt. George. The Memoirs of an EngHsh Officer. 1728 

More probably authentic memoirs, though it was long put down as one of Defoe's fictions. 

A realistic narrative of the wars, particularly of the Earl of Peterborough's daring but 

unfortunate campaign in the Peninsula. [In Defoe's Novels, etc., ii. (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., 

Bell.] 

Defoe, Daniel [1663-1731]. Robinson Crusoe. 1719 

Founded on the actual experiences of Alexander Selkirk, cast away on an uninhabited island. 
A minutely circumstantial account of his shipwreck and escape, and the methodical 
industry whereby the solitary makes himself a comfortable home. A masterpiece of 
unconscious, instinctive art, and a book that has been a model for reahstic romances ever 
since. Though it is only by stretching a point that any of his books can be defined as 
novels, Defoe was of epoch-making importance in the history of fiction. He wrote to 
satisfy a popular demand for facts, and so established realism as the new basis for 
romance. [Ed. H. Kingsley (Globe edn.), 3s. 6d., Macmillan, 1879 ; ed. J. W. Clark 
(Golden Treasury Series), 2s. 6d. n. ($1), Macmillan, 1868; ed. G. A. Aitken, 3 vols., 
7s. 6d. n., Dent ($3, Macmillan, New York), 1895-6; vol. vii, Defoe's Novels, etc., 
7 vols., each 3s. 6d. (Bohn's Stand. Lib.), Bell.] 

Memoirs of a CavaHer. 1720 

MiUtary journal of the wars in Germany under Gustavus Adolphus and in England under 

Charles I (1632-48) ; rather history than romance, and possibly based on a stray MS., 
which seems to be quoted freely, thus accounting for various slips. The hero may have 
been Andrew Newport, whose father became Lord Newport, but more probably was 
invented ; if so, the book has deceived the ablest critics. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent (§1, Macmillan, 
New York), 1895; 3s. 6d.. Bell.] 

Life, Adventures and Piracies of Capt. Singleton 1720 

This and the next are excellent examples of Defoe's pseudo-history and pseudo-biography, 

which pretended to be authentic, and were perfectly faithful accounts of contemporary 
life. The boy Singleton was kidnapped and sold to gypsies, headed a band of mutineers, 
crossed Africa from Madagascar, and became a successful pirate. This part is made up 
from authentic tales of travellers, and the detailed account of Central Africa has not 
been discredited. Defoe's nearest approach to a humorous character, William the Quaker, 
comes into this tale. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent ($1, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3s. 6d., Bell.] 

The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders. 1722 

A masterpiece of naturaUstic fiction, which in recent years was translated into French as a 

classic model of that genre. Moll went to the bad in early life, was five times married 
(bigamously or legitimately she little cared), a thief and a harlot, and eventually a penitent. 
She tells her story with a plain sincerity that appals, so dreadful are the facts set down, 
without comment save the occasional apostrophes for mercy which Defoe, as moralist, felt 
it incumbent upon him to interject. [Ed. G. A. Aitken, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent ($2, Macmillan, 
New York), 1895; with Roxana, ed. E. A. Baker (Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge 
(|2, Dutton, New York), 1906.] 

A Journal of the Plague Year, 1722 

A plain, matter-of-fact narrative, fortified by documentary proofs that give it the semblance 

of history. It is indeed a masterpiece of tragic history, fairly comparable to the descrip- 
tions of great cities in the throes of pestilence by Thucydides and Milton. [With Cruik- 
shank's illustrations, 3s. 6d., Routledge ; ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge (35c., Dutton, 
New York) ; ed. G. A. Aitken, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent (§1, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3^- 6d., 
Bell; also in Temple Classics, is. 6d. n.. Dent (50c., Macmillan, New York). 

13 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Defoe, Daniel {continued). — Life and Adventures of Colonel Jacque. 1722 

A pendant to Moll Flanders as a view of shady life — this biography of a convict has frequently 
been reprinted among accounts of genuine highwaymen. By birth a gentleman, the hero 
fell among depraved people, was brought up to be a thief, and after a life of rascality was 
kidnapped and sent to the plantations. Like Moll Flanders, gives a vivid picture of the 
submerged in London, the ways of the criminal classes, etc. [2s. 6d. n., Dent ($1, Macmillan, 
New York), 1895; 3s. 6d., Bell.] 

The Fortunate Mistress, Lady Roxana. 1724 

Another narrative of moral corruption — the life of a courtesan among the upper classes. The 
beautiful daughter of a French refugee, she marries a fool who levants, and then goes to 
the bad. She gains wealth by wily scheming, but in the end is disgraced, and dies in 
gaol. There is a Quaker landlady in the story who is interesting as a character. But 
the finest part of Roxana is towards the end, where a tearful climax of terror and suspense 
is engineered. The story was finished by another hand, who blundered with dates, etc. 
[2 vols., 5s. n., Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; with Moll Flanders; see above.] 

Fielding, Henry [1707-54]. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews. 1742 

Began as a burlesque of Richardson's Pamela, but soon expanded into a sort of picaroon 
novel. The worldly-wise vestal Pamela reappears as Lady Booby, and her brother Joseph, 
the footman, is represented as repelling the overtures of a woman of quality. The servants 
and connections of a squire's family in the country include those famous originals : Parson 
Adams, designed as a character of perfect simplicity and goodness ; Mrs. Slipslop, Peter 
Pounce, and Parson TruUiber. In a long disquisition Fielding analyses the novel as a 
comic epic in prose. [Ed. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 
1893; 3s. 6d. (Bohn's Lib.), Bell ($1 n., Macmillan, New York) ; 5s., 2S., Routledge 
($1.50, $1, Dutton, New York).] 

A Journey from this World to the Next. 1743 

A Lucianic fable. The journey gives occasion for much quizzing of human nature, the satire 

growing more unequivocal when Minos decides, in grim sardonic style, on the various 
claims to enter Elysium. Humorous descriptions of literary immortals follow, and then 
a lengthy account of Julian the Apostate and his transmigrations. Probably written 
earlier than Joseph Andrews. [In his Miscellanies, ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., Dent 
($2, Macmillan, New York), 1893 ; see also next book.] 

The History of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. 1743 

A masterpiece of sustained irony, the biography of the noted thief-taker hanged at Tyburn 

in 1725 being thrown into the form of a parable on the theme that goodness must not 
be divorced from greatness, or the latter will degenerate into pure rascality. [This and 
the Journey appeared in the Miscellanies (3 vols., 1743). In i vol., 5s., Routledge ($2, 
Dutton, New York) ; Miscellanies, ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent ($2 n., Mac- 
millan, New York), 1893.] 



— Tom Jones : the History of a Foundling. ^749 

His most elaborate and comprehensive work. The complete and unexpurgated history of a 
young man of strong natural impulses, a good disposition, and no overpowering sense of 
morality. Fielding planned it as a " Comic Epic," and built the plot with care, a plot 
turning on the recognition of Jones's birth and on the fortunes of his love for an adorable 
girl. Life in country and town in the year 1745 ; with a great crowd of characters of all 
sorts and conditions, from the squirearchy and the rakes and fashionable women of 
London down to the domestic servants and even gypsies and tinkers. Squire Western 
and Partridge are comic gems of the fine.st quality ; AUworthy is an idealized portrait 
of Ralph Allen, and Sophia (like Amelia) a picture drawn with reverent passion from 
Fielding's dead wife. Fielding aims at a philosophical representation of life, and in the 
essays prefixed to his chapters gives many dissertations on literature and art, and on the 
actions and characters of the story. Tom Jones is of the highest importance in the history 
of literature, as indicating the lines on which the modern novel of manners was to be 
written ; Thackeray, the most distinguished of Fielding's followers, avowedly took it for 
his model in Pendennis, and it justifies the digressions and asides of George Eliot and 
other novelists. [Ed. Saintsbury, 4 vols., los. n.. Dent {$4, Macmillan, New York), 
1893 ; 2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York) ; 2 vols., los., i vol., 
5s., 2s. ($4, $1, Dutton, New York), Routledge; 2 vols. (Lib. of Eng. Classics), 7s. n., 
$3, Macmillan, 1900. Adapted for Family Reading by his great-granddaughter, J. E. 
Fielding, 6s., Sonnenschein, 1896.] 

14 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF 

Fielding, Henry {continued). — Amelia. 1751 

This comes closest of all Fielding's novels to actuality, for he was drawing upon his personal 
experiences as a London magistrate, and was anxious to show up the disorders of society 
in his pictures of licentious pleasures, depravity and crime, and the horrors of Newgate. 
Amelia, " the perfect model of an English wife," he drew from his own first wife. It is 
the touching — and often trying — story of a married couple in an uphill struggle with 
adversity, the hero as weakly good-natured as Tom Jones — or more so. Dr. Harrison 
and Col. Bath are the most original creations. [Ed. Saintsbury, 3 vols., 7s. 6d. n.. Dent 
($3, Macmillan, New York), 1893; 5s. (Bohn's Lib.), Bell; $1.50 n., Macmillan, New 
York; 5s., 2s., Routledge ($2, $1, Dutton, New York).] 

Fielding, Sarah [sister of Hy. Fielding ; 1714-68]. Adventures of David Simple 
in Search of a Faithful Friend. 1744 

A moralizing novel, inspired by Richardson's Pamela. The misadventures and perplexities 
of a serious young man in quest of an ideal friend, whom he finds at last in the beautiful 
and amiable Camilla. One volume was mainly devoted to exposition of character in a 
number of individuals, the other to episodes of life in London. [Ed. E. A. Baker, Rout- 
ledge, 2S. ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Haywood, Mrs. Eliza [1693 ?-i756]. Love in Excess ; or, the Fatal Enquiry. 
5th edn. 1724 

The Injur'd Husband ; or, Mistaken Resentment. 1724 



Memoirs of a certain Island adjacent to Utopia, written by a celebrated author 

of that country ; now translated into English. 1725 

The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania. 1727 

Novels of intrigue and contemporary scandal in the style of Mrs. Behn and Mrs. Manley. 

To the two last-named Mrs. Haywood published keys, identifying, by means of initials, 
her characters with living notabilities. Her libels exasperated Pope, who savagely re- 
taliated in The Dunciad, where she figures as " Eliza." [o.p.] 

The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless 1751 

Miss Burney appears to have got the idea of Evelina and suggestions for several of her cha- 
racters from this novel, which describes the debut in the fashionable world of London 
of an inexperienced girl. Miss Betsy falls into the hands of a dissolute set, and her em- 
barrassments are more fruitful in impropriety than humour, though the novelist parades 
the moral lesson which the story is supposed to inculcate, [o.p.] 

Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Riviere [1663-1724]. The Secret History of Queen 
Zarah and the Zarazians. 1 705-11 

1st part, 1705 ; reprinted with 2nd part, 1711. Probably by Mrs. Manley, who had pre- 
viously written two comedies. A romance made up of disguised scandal of political and 
fashionable life. The French version, with a key, was published at Oxford in 1712. [o.p.] 

Secret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality, of both Sexes. 

From the New Atalantis. 1709 

A more impudent miscellany of slanderous stories, for which author, publishers, and printers 
were arrested, on the Earl of Sunderland's warrant, on a charge of libelling certain people 
of eminence. Her Memoirs of Europe towards the close of the Eighteenth Century, written 
by Eginardus, secretary and favourite to Charlemagne, and done into English by the trans- 
lator of the " New Atalantis " (1710) was reprinted as the 3rd and 4th vols, of the Kew 
Atalantis. She also wrote Court Intrigues, in a Collection of Original Letters from the 
Island of the New Atalantis {171 1). In her attacks on the Whigs she was a.ssistcd by hints 
from Swift, whom she succeeded as editor of the Examiner (171 1). [o.p.] 

The Power of Love in Seven Novels. 1720 

The Fair Hypocrite, The Physician's Stratagem, The Wife's Resentment, The Husbatid's Resent- 
ment in two Examples, The Happy Fugitive, and The Perjured Beauty. Pretentious 
romances of intrigue, illicit passion, and unreal sentiment, as conventional and vapid as 
the poorer of Mrs. Behn's. [o.p.] 

15 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Richardson, Samuel [1689-1761]. Pamela, or. Virtue Rewarded. 1740-2 

A didactic novel written in letters of great prolixity and minuteness, the outcome of a project 
for utilizing Richardson's epistolary gift to furnish illustrations of polite letter-writing 
and of just and prudent behaviour. The story of a maidservant of good and prudent 
upbringing whose virtue is pertinaciously assailed by her master. Epoch-making in 
literature as a study of the female heart. The point of view and the natural feelings of 
an ignorant, shrewd, pious, and practical girl of humble station are faithfully interpreted. 
Richardson's prudential scheme of morality provoked Fielding to write Joseph Andrews 
(1742). The second part of Pamela (1742) is inferior to the first. [2s., Routledge ($1, 
Dutton, New York) ; edn. of Richardson's works, 20 vols.. Chapman, each 2S. 6d. n. ; 
19 vols., Pickering Club Classics, 1905.] 

Clarissa Harlowe ; or, the History of a Young Lady. 1748 

Richardson's masterpiece — ^the history of a beautiful woman sacrificed to a heartless libertine — 
written in letters, with a stronger leavening of dialogue, but the same minute, methodical 
realism in the anatomizing of mental states. Richardson describes the play of impulse 
and feeling with the same superabundance of relevant and irrelevant detail as Defoe used 
in describing physical occurrences. Dr. Johnson said that a single letter in one of his 
novels contained more knowledge of the human heart than the whole of Tom Jones. The 
book had enormous influence on European literature, inspiring Rousseau and arousing 
the enthusiasm of Diderot. [2s., Routledge {%i, Dutton, New York).] 

The History of Sir Charles Grandison, Bart. 1753 

Undertaken as a retort to those critics who thought Lovelace, the undoer of Clarissa, too 
attractive : Richardson's idea of a complete gentleman. Sir Charles is a wealthy and 
accomplished man of fashion, endowed with every possible virtue, adored by women, 
etc. He marries a heroine of corresponding perfection. Like Clarissa, it was originally 
published in seven vols, and contains about fifty characters portrayed with enormous 
detail. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Swift, Jonathan [1667-1745]. A Tale of a Tub. 1704 

Probably written about 1695. O^^ of the most original and powerful satires ever penned. 
Swift's exclamation is famous : " Good God, what a genius I had when I wrote that 
book ! " The most specific object of the satire is formalism and pedantry in religion, 
the author taking the attitude of a loyal Church of England clergyman and belabouring 
the Roman Catholics and the Puritans. But the weak points of Anglican Christianity 
by no means escape censure, and the digressive style admits of the ridicule of all kinds of 
cant and prejudice. Swift's satire is profoundly philosophical in scope ; it goes to the roots 
of human nature and is applicable to all ages of history. The misanthropic prejudice of 
the book and its irreverence have been severely criticized, even by admirers. A con- 
summate example of the author's clear, precise, virile prose and deadly logic. [(Carisbrooke 
Lib.), 2s. 6d., Routledge, 1889 ; (Victoria Lib.), is., Lovell Reeve, 1890.] 

Travels into several remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver. 1726 

In the account of his four wonder-countries Swift satirizes contemporary manners and morals, 
arts and politics — in fact the whole social scheme — from four different points of view. 
The huge Brobdingnagians reduce man to his natural insignificance, the little people of 
Lilliput parody Europe and its petty broils, in Laputa philosophers are ridiculed, and 
finally all Swift's hatred and contempt find their satisfaction in degrading humanity to a 
bestial condition. The mordant satire and wayward humour are for men, but children 
can appreciate the simple and direct narrative that makes marvels appear quite everyday 
affairs. Swift's realistic method is an adaptation of Defoe's. See also p. 11, Godwin, 
Francis. [(Temple Classics), is. 6d. n., Dent (50c., Macmillan, New York), 1896 ; 2s. 6d., 
Sands, 1896, is. 6d., id., 1899. Illustrated by C. E. Brock, 3s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan ; 
by Cole, 6s., Lane, 1899. Facsimile Reprint, w. introduction Austin Dobson, los. 6d., 
Stock (1872), 1877. Gulliver's Travels and other Works, exactly reprinted from ist edn., 
and ed., with some account of Cyrano de Bergerac and his voyages to the sun and moon, 
by H. Morley, with note on the name " Gulliver " by J. P. Gilson (Library of Early 
Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 1906; with notes, 5s., Cassell. 
Swift's Prose Works, ed. Temple Scott, 12 vols., 5s. each. Bell, 1897-1908; vol. i., Tale of 
a Tub, etc. ; vol. x., Gulliver's Travels.] 

16 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF 

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF— ly 51-1800 

Amory, Thomas [1691-1788]. The Life and Opinions of John Buncle, Esq. 1756-66 

An extraordinary medley of oblique autobiography and disquisitions on religious controversy, 
philosophy, and mathematics. The subject is, like the author, a bigoted Unitarian, a 
good liver, and in all respects a character, who marries and buries seven wives and then 
settles down to a meditative old age. Eating and drinking, the charms of his miscellaneous 
wives, the comfortable side of nature, and so on, are dilated up'^n with untiring gusto 
The book is probably the finest example of unconscious humour in any literature. [Edited 
by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 
1904.] 

Bage, Robert [1728-1801]. Hermsprong ; or, Man as He is Not. 1796 

In some sort an imitation of Richardson ; good in its drawing of feminine character. Bage 
belonged to the revolutionary school of novelists headed by Godwin and Holcroft, whose 
teachings were in accord with those of Rousseau and Tom Paine — the rights of man, life 
according to Nature, social equality, etc. This is perhaps the most important of his novels, 
contrasting the deficiencies of things as they were with the beauties of an Utopian colony 
planted among the redskins in North American forests, and extolhng the virtues of man 
in a state of nature. [British Novehsts, No. 48, 1810; o.p.] 

Beckford, WilHam [1759-1844]. The History of the CaHph Vathek : an Arabian 
tale from an unpubhshed MS. French version finished 1782 

A brilliant medley of Oriental magic and Western comedy. The Sultan Vathek, a despot 
of portentous attributes, whose court and courtiers are depicted with a mingling of 
burlesque and Eastern magnificence, commits a series of detestable crimes at the 
instance of a diabolical Giaour, who leads him at length to the Hall of Eblis, an inferno 
whose torments are pictured with Dantesque imagination. Beckford hated women, and his 
female personages are etched in with vitriolic satire. Written in French, 1782. Pub- 
lished in English, 1783. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; 2S., Ward & Lock, 1891 ; ed. by R. 
Gamett, with etchings by Nye, 21s. n., 8vo, Lawrence & Bullen, 1893, o.p. ; 2S. 6d. 
n., Greening; with coloured plates by W. B. Handforth, 2s. 6d. n., Routledge, 1912.] 

Brooke, Henry [1708-^3]. The Fool of Quality ; or. The History of Henry, Earl 
of Moreland. 1765-70 

Brooke was a man of strong individuality who was looked upon in the days of George I as a 
literary luminary, and was famous later as an authority on agrarian and agricultural 
matters in Ireland. His friend Wesley adopted this book in an abridged form {The History 
of Henry, Earl of Moreland) as a handbook of the Christian virtues. It purports to describe 
the education of an ideal nobleman. The hero is brought up by an uncle, who gives him 
unlimited means for relieving poverty, etc. The pictures of boyhood were unmatched till 
Hughes wrote Tom Brown's School-days. Very inchoate ; the personal history of this quix- 
otic young man is overshadowed by frequent homilies and dissertations on politics, morals, 
and social amelioration ; the theology is that of Brooke's future editor, Charles Kingsley — 
the identity of Goodness and God. [Ed. Kingsley, abridged and with biographical preface 
(highly eulogistic), 6s., Macmillan, 1873, o.p.; the same edn., with a new Life of the 
Author (based on unused family records) by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), 
6s. n., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 1906.] 

BuRNEY, Fanny [Mme. D'Arblay; 1752-1840]. Evelina; or, A Young Lady's 
Entrance into the World. 1778 

Miss Burney was a sharp-eyed girl — an indefatigable reader and a precocious writer of poems, 
plays, and stories for her own amusement — in a family well-off for friends, where she had 
plentiful opportunities of watching the kind of people to be seen in drawing-rooms, in 
the streets, and at smart places of entertainment. In Evelina she puts her observations 
together in a novel with a sketchy plot. Evelina's introduction to town, her visits to 
relatives and entrance into fashionable society, are the occasion for lively sketches of the 
surface things of London — its people and pleasures, life in theatre and ballroom, at Maryle- 
bone Gardens, the Pantheon, etc. ; and of the people of fashion, the eccentrics, the con- 
ceited, and the vulgar ; the last in particular being sharply satirized in the persons of 
EveUna's uppish relatives, the Branghtons, with their affected gentility and snobbishness 
Miss Burney had doubtless read Beisy Thoughtless, by Mrs. Haywood (see p. 15). [3s. 6d. 
(Bohn's Lib.), BeU ($1 n., Macmillan. New York). 1883 ; 2s. n. (York Lib.), Bell (80c, n., 

c 17 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Macmillan, New York), 1904; edited by R. B. Johnson, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893 ; 2 
vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n.. Dent, 1903; Illustrated by Hugh Thomson, 6s. ($2), 
Macmillan, 1903.] 

BuRNEY, Fanny {continued). — Cecilia ; or, The Memoirs of an Heiress. 1782 

A more studied and elaborate work. A rich heiress is left to the tender mercies of three 
guardians, a characteristic trio, who, with the fortune-hunters and admirers besieging her, 
are sketched with a satirical pen. The comedy of manners is somewhat submerged by the 
multiplication of characters and the distracting interests of a melodramatic plot. 

In these two novels and in her Diary she gave her best, and there is a complete falling off in 
Camilla {1796) and The Wanderer (18 14), which brought her ;^30oo apiece, but little credit 
either then or since. [2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York), 1883 ; 
I vol. (York Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell (80c. n., Macmillan, New York), 1904 ; edited by R. B. 
Johnson, 3 vols., 7s. 6d., Dent, 1893.] 

Day, Thomas [1748-89]. Sandford and Merton. 1783-89 

A pedagogic novel, advocating the adoption of more enlightened methods of education, and 
appealing to the young with stories and improving talks which set forth the truths and 
charms of science and virtue. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York), n.d. ; Illustrated, 
3s. 6d., Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, New York), n.d.] 

Godwin, Wilham [1756-1836]. Caleb Williams ; or. Things as They are. ^795 

Not primarily, as Leslie Stephen described it, an imaginative version of The Political Justice 
(1793), though sociological ideas are at the back of the writer's mind in working out 
his ghastly climax of oppression and fear. A youth finds his beloved master to be guilty 
of murder, and is persecuted by the alarmed murderer, until he is compelled reluctantly 
to denounce him. Then each is overwhelmed by the consciousness of the other's " great- 
ness of mind." Denounces the inelastic rule of human justice as represented by the law. 
[Edited by E. A. Baker, 2s., Routledge, 1904.] 

St. Leon : a Tale of the Sixteenth Century. 1799 

A tale of the supernatural. A respectable gentleman, a model husband and estimable father, 
becomes possessed of the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone. But immortality and 
inexhaustible riches fail to ensure happiness to a human creature. St. Leon is dogged by 
misfortune, distrusted by his friends, imprisoned by the Inquisition, [o.p.] 

Fleetwood. 1805 

Another sociological novel, dealing with the marriage question. Like Godwin himself, Fleet- 
wood fails to act up to the theory that wedlock is an unjustifiable bond, [o.p.] 

Goldsmith, Oliver [1728-74]. The Citizen of the World. 1762 

An essay in the supposed Oriental manner then in vogue, consisting of letters from a Chinese 
philosopher studying Western society in London to his friend at home (cf. Montesquieu's 
Lettres Persanes). Sketches of the various aspects of London life, in coffee tavern, drawing- 
room, streets, and places of public entertainment (cf. Spectator and Tatler), with a mere 
suggestion of a continuous story. Manners, literature, art, politics, religion are handled in 
the style of a social critic, with interludes of dialogue and the humours of some originals 
drawn from Ufe, e.g. Beau Tibbs and the Man in Black, the latter perhaps a fancy portrait 
of himself. [Edited by J. W. M. Gibbs (with Polite Learning), (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., 
Bell ($1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1885 ; edited by Austin Dobson and illustrated 
by H. Railton, 2 vols. (Temple Library), los. 6d. n.. Dent, 1891 ; 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 
3s. n. (90c. n., Dutton, New York), 1893 '> (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., 
Dutton, New York), 1905. 

The Vicar of Wakefield. 1766 

The Vicar is a lovable mixture of virtue and foible, shrewdness and simplicity, unselfishness and 
vanity ; a blameless and pathetic figure, who is tried like Job by undeserved misfortune. 
He and his family, a group of simple, rustic characters, drawn with delicate touches of 
eccentricity, make an idyllic picture of affectionate family concord — a picture tinged with 
a regretful longing that often breaks out into poetry. The idyll is rudely disturbed by 
the villainy of a seducer ; troubles come thick and fast, but alter sounding the depths 
of afiliction all are restored to happiness and prosperity in the end. The Vicar was drawn 
from Goldsmith's father, and doubtless some of the other characters were sketched from 

18 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF 

old acquaintances. Goldsmith's style is the perfection of classical English. [Edited by 
Austin Dobson (Parchment Lib.), 6s., Paul; with memoir by D. Masson, is., Macmillan, 
1883; (Pocket Lib.), is., Routledge (75c., Button, New York) ; edited by M. Macmillan, 
2s. 6d., Macmillan; (Temple Classics), is. 6d. n., Dent (45c. n., Button, New York), 1897 ; 
(World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Frowde, 1901 ; (Everyman's Lib.), is. n., Bent (35c. n.. 
Button, New York), 1908. Illustrated Edns.: illus. by Hugh Thomson, 3s. 6d. ($1.50), 
Macmillan, 1890 ; the same, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (8oc.), id., 1902 ; with 12 coloured plates 
by F. B. Bedford, 4s. 6d. n.. Bent ; with 32 illustrations by W. M. Mulready (reproduced), 
2s. 6d., Sands, 1902 ; with 24 col. plates by Thos. Rowlandson (reproduced), 3s. 6d. n., 
Methuen, 1903 ; with 10 illustrations by Tony Johannot (reproduced), 3s. n., Methuen, 
1903 ; with 13 facs. coloured illustrations by J. M. Wright, 7s. 6d. n., roy. 8vo, Black, 

1903 ; with 25 coloured illustrations by C. E. Brock, 5s. n.. Bent ($2, Button, New York), 

1904 ; with illustrations by F. S. Cobum, 6s. n. ($1.50), Putnam, 1910. Facsimile Repr. 
of 1st edn., 2 vols., 15s., Stock, 1885 : o.p.] 

Graves or Greaves, Richard. The Spiritual Quixote ; or, The Summer's Ramble 
of Mr. Geoffry Wildgoose : a comic romance. 1772 

Like Smollett's Launcelot Greaves, a clumsy satire on the Don Quixote plan, the young Oxonian 
Wildgoose adopting Methodism and perambulating Gloucestershire and Somerset with 
his trusty Sancho, Jeremiah Tugwell, the cobbler. Episodes in the conventional novelistic 
style are tacked on, and there are interesting denunciations of contemporary follies in 
manners and dress. Graves was rector of Claverton, near Bath, [o.p.] 

Hartley House. Calcutta : a Novel of the days of Warren Hastings. 1789 

The author of this novel has never been discovered. It was of some note in its day, and throws 
light on the Anglo-Indian Society of the period. [Reprinted from the edn. of 1789. With 
notes by J. Macfarlane, Thacker, Calcutta, 7s. 6d. n.] 

HoLCROFT, Thomas [1745-1809]. Anna St. Ives. 1792 

Hugh Trevor. 1794-7 

Holcroft was the most intransigent of the philosophic radicals. These were among the earliest 

of many propagandist novels animated by the creed of Rousseauism, expounding revolu- 
tionary principles of government and social organization, attacking law, property, and 
the class system. The first paints an ecstatic picture of mankind living in Utopian bliss, 
sans government, sans laws, and, above all, sans property. Frank Henley is the representa- 
tive of pristine virtue, like Bage's Hermsprong. The second story gives the alternative 
picture and is unsparing in violent contrasts. Cf. Godwin's novels (above), [o.p.] 

Inchbald, Ehzabeth [1753-1821]. A Simple Story. 1791 

A pleasing example of the novel of sensibility. A coquettish girl, whose foolishness is charged 
against the old boarding-schools and their obsolete methods of education, marries her 
guardian, a Catholic priest, after tormenting him with her caprices. She is unfaithful and 
dies in misery, leaving a legacy of misfortune to her daughter. Mrs. Inchbald wrote bad 
plays for the stage, and there is a theatrical manner about this one successful novel of hers 
that is curious but not unpleasing. [2s. 6d., Routledge, 1884, o.p. ; with Nature and Art, 
los.. Be la Rue, 1880 ; withintrod. byG. L. Strachey (Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry), 
2S. 6d. n., Frowde, 1908.] 

Nature and Art. 179^ 

A formal exhibition of the defects of our accepted system of social morality, contrasting 

the characters of two cousins, one educated in a deanery, the other imbibing the truths 
of nature (according to Rousseau's creed) on an island inhabited by savages. Contains 
one scene of extreme pathos, where a girl is condemned to death by the man who seduced 
her. [Cassell's National Library, 6d., 1886.] 

Johnson, Dr. Samuel [1709-84]. Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. 1759 

A lay sermon on " the Vanity of Human Wishes," written when Johnson was in profound 
sorrow for the death of his mother; the most majestic example of his prose. Belongs to 
the philosophic meditations on human destiny, in the form of allegory, dialogue, or fable, 
in which the periodical writers loved to indulge. The Prince escapes from his Happy 
Valley in quest of deeds worthy of his powers, but returns to his paradise again with a 
sager acceptance of man's limitations. [Edited by G. Birkbeck Hill, with introduction 
and notes, 4s. 6d. ($1), 2s. (50c.), 3s. 6d., Clarendon Press, 1887; (Ariel Booklets), 75c., 
Putnam, New York ; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Button, New York), 
1905. Facsimile Reprint of 1st edn., 2 vols., 15s., Stock, 1884 : o.p.] 

19 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Johnstone, Charles [c. lyig-c. 1800]. Chrysal; or, The Adventures of a Guinea. 

1760-5 
Not a novel in the proper sense, but a disguised chronicle of contemporary events loosely 
strung together on the autobiography of a guinea as it passes from hand to hand. John- 
stone's plan had been adopted already in the adventures of the halfpenny and the shilling 
in Richard Bathurst and Addison's stories in The Adventurer and The Tatler. The present 
edition gives a key to most of the characters, which include General Wolfe and Miss 
Lowther (afterwards Duchess of Bolton), the Countess of Yarmouth (mistress of George II), 
Frederick the Great, Ferdinand of Brunswick, Byng, Chatham, Whitefield, Sandwich, 
Henry Fox, Lord George Sackville, Charles Churchill, Bute, Sir Francis Dashwood, 
Wilkes, Bubb Dodington and the other members of the Hell-fire Club (for which this is 
the principal document). Dr. John Hill, the famous quack, Foote, and many other leading 
people. The most notorious episodes of contemporary history are dished up by Johnstone 
in a very prejudiced and scurrilous way ; but the, book has many good points, such as its 
incisive portraiture, and throws light on public opinion at the time of its writing. An 
earlier novel of the same kind was The History of Pompey the Little, or the Life and Adventures 
of a Lap-dog (1751), and later there were The Adventures of a Black Coat (1760), The Ad- 
ventures of a Bank-note (1770), The Life and Adventures of a Cat (1781), The Adventures of 
a Rupee (1782), Memoirs of a Flea (1785), etc. [Chrysal, edited with introduction by 
E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 1907.] 

Lee, Sophia. The Recess. 1783-6 

One of the earliest English historical novels, interesting now as a curious relic of literary 
history. The heroine is an imaginary daughter of Mary Queen of Scots and the Duke of 
Norfolk. [6 vols.: o.p.] 

Leland, Rev. Thomas [1722-85, probably the author']. Longsword, Earl of Salis- 
bury : an Historical Romance. 1762 

Leland wrote a History of Ireland from the Invasion of Henry II ( 1 768) . Longsword is the earliest 
historical romance produced by the first stirrings of romanticism — it came out in the year 
of Macpherson's Ossian. It is a Waverley novel in the germ — a picturesque romance of 
feudal times, poor in execution, but not without promise in its crude sketches of splendid 
dramatic scenes, [o.p.] 

Lennox, Charlotte [nee Ramsay, daughter of Lieut.-Govemor of New York ; 
1720-1804]. The Female Quixote ; or, The Adventures of Arabella. 1752 

An imitation of Cervantes. Arabella's mental nutriment has been romances of the Scud6ry 
type, and thence she has got all her ideas of life. In every stranger she sees a knight- 
errant, and romantic adventures in the most trivial events, herself committing extravagant 
follies until restored to reason by the sermons of her friends, when she marries a worthy 
man. [o.p.] 

Lewis, Matthew Gregory [1775-1818]. Ambrosio ; or. The Monk. 1795 

A Gothic tale of terror that differs from the Radcliffian type in being unsentimental and not 
attempting to explain away the supernatural horrors. A coarse melodrama — Ambrosio 
is an abandoned monk whose licentious crimes meet their due in his being carried off by 
the devil. Lewis also translated from the German The Bravo of Venice, 1804. [Cassell's 
Nat. Lib., 3d., cloth, 6d., 1886 ; ed. E. A. Baker (Lib. of Early Novelists), 6s. n.. Rout- 
ledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 1907.] 

Mackenzie, Henry [1745-1831]. Man of Feeling. 1771 

An attempt to rival the fashionable sentimentality of Sterne. A disjointed story ; the hero 
a shy, sentimental youth, absolutely faultless ; the heroine correspondingly superfine. 
He dies of joy when she admits she loves him. His various experiences of life are set 
forth in scenes of laboured pathos ; the characters idealized so far that the reader's sym- 
pathy is even for thieves and courtesans. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent ($1, Macmillan, New York), 
1893 ; Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d.. 1886.] 

The Man of the World. 1773 

Less irregular in structure as a novel, having a complicated plot. Intrigue, gambling, seduction, 
robbery, Newgate, an infamous baronet, etc., the ordinary novelistic stock-in-trade, 
dealt with, however, from the pathetic standpoint and without the fashionable impropriety, 
[o.p.] 

20 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF 
Mackenzie, Henry (continued). — Julia de Roubign^. ^777 

A novel in letters which Talfourd, Christopher North, and Allan Cunningham thought highly 
of for its pathos ; comparatively brief. The French heroine marries an elderly suitor to 
help her distressed father, and then her first love reappears. The husband out of jealousy 
poisons her, and afterwards learning her innocence puts an end to himself. All these 
novels were published anonymously, [o.p.] 

Moore, Dr. John [1730-1803]. Zeluco : Various Views of Human Nature. 1786 

A didactic novel reflecting on the education of youth. Zeluco, the lurid villain, and his perse- 
cuted and engaging wife Laura are a pair of stock characters of conventional fiction, Uke 
the two Scots, Whig and Jacobite, who fight a duel over the reputation of Mary Queen of 
Scots, [o.p.] 

Paltock, Robert [probably the author]. The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins. 

1751 
An imitation of Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. Wilkins is carried in a boat to a strange 
land, " back of beyond," where he hves in solitude till he finds there are human inhabitants 
who can fly. One of them, a winged woman, falls into his hands, and lives with him as 
his wife. {^Facsimile Repr., ed. A. H. BuUen, 2 vols., los. 6d., Reeves and Turner, 1884, 
o.p. ; 6d.. 8vo, Dicks, 1890 (very badly printed).] 

Radcliffe, Anne [nJe Ward ; 1764-1823]. The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne : 
a Highland Story. 1789 

A sham historical novel mixing up baronial and highland life on the north-east coast of Scot- 
land with the courtly and chivalrous society of Gothic romance. Clan revenge provides 
the plot interest, [o.p.] Mrs. Radcliffe is of great importance in the history of romantic 
Uterature. She laid her plots in remote periods, and in countries she had never seen, thus 
avoiding any responsibility to fact. Picturesque ruins, distant mountains, forest-shrouded 
landscapes are described with rich but monotonous colour, in a semi-lyrical style. The 
scenic glamour prepares the reader for sensational occurrences that conjure up feehngs of 
awe and terror ; but in the sequel she invariably dispels our apprehensions by some 
commonplace explanation of her ghosts and other mysteries, [o.p.] 

A Sicilian Romance. 1790 

A wicked marquis locks his wife up in his castle on the north coast of Sicily and marries again. 
Groans are heard from mysterious doors and ghostly figures appear. Ultimately his children 
liberate their mother, and retribution falls on the criminals. Date about 1580. Ideal 
descriptions of scenery give space and amplitude to the incidents, [o.p.] 

The Romance of the Forest. 1791 

A sequestered ruin of an abbey, a nefarious marquis and a poetical heroine, a murder, a 
mysterious skeleton, and eloquent word-pictures of the Alps of Savoy. About the same 
date. [6d., Routledge (1877), 1882; ed. D. Murray Rose (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., 
Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York), 1904.] 



— The Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794 

Centres in a gloomy castle in the Apennines, the haunt of brigands, where the heroine is im- 
mured by a sinister Italian. Haunted chambers and a mystic veil play blood-curdling 
parts among the horrors. The idyllic scenes interspersed might have been imagined by 
Rousseau. The Pjo-enees, the Alps, Venice, and the Apennines supply an harmonious 
environment. Date about 1580-90. [is., Routledge, 1878; ed. D. Murray Rose (Half- 
forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York), 1903.] 

— The Italian ; or. The Confessional of the Black Penitent. 1797 



The plot is a young noble's love for a penniless orphan, and the unscrupulous efforts of his 
mother and of a demoniac villain, Schedoni, to thwart it. Attempted assassinations, the 
abduction and imprisonment of the heroine in a ghastly dungeon, the terrors of the 
Inquisition and perilous escapes provide the requisite sensations. Naples and the coast 
are the theme of the scenic rhapsodies. Date about 1764. [6d., Routledge (1877), 1884, 
2s., id. : both o.p.] 

ax 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Reeve, Clara [1738-1803]. The Old English Baron, 1777 

First entitled The Champion of Virtue ; a very early and crude attempt to give a real historical 
setting to the Gothic romance by embodying the events of the Wars of the Roses (1455—85). 
It is a representation of contemporary life and manners, with an admixture of super- 
natural incident by which a murder is discovered and an heir restored to his estates. 
[Cassell's National Lib., 6d. With Walpole's Castle of Otranto, 6d., Warne, 1872 ; with 
the same, illus, with etchings, 7s. 6d., 8vo, Nimmo, 1883 : o.p.] 

Roger de Clarendon. 1793 

A dull novel made up from her reading in Smollett's History of England, stiffened with material 
from Froissart and Holinshed. [o.p.] 

Roche, Regina Maria [1765-1845]. The Children of the Abbey. 1796 

Rather a famous example of the end of the eighteenth century romantic school founded by 
Mrs. Radchfie. " Extremely sentimental, mysterious, and improbable, but with interest 
well sustained and much sympathy, at high pressure, with virtue in distress " (lies). The 
lady was Irish, and places like Dublin, Enniskillen, Bray, are mentioned ; but the local 
colour is nil. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] 

Sheridan, Mrs, Frances [n^e Chamberlaine, 1724-66]. Memoirs of Mrs, Sydney 
Biddulph. 1761 

Written in opposition to the theory of poetic justice. " Every affliction is accumulated on 
the innocent heroine, in order to show that neither prudence nor foresight, nor the best 
dispositions of the human heart, are sufficient to defend from the evils of life" (Dunlop). 
The Abbe Prevost adapted the story sub tit. Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire de la Vertu : 
Extraits du Journal d'une Dame (1762). [o.p.] 

Smith, Charlotte [n^e Turner ; 1749-1806], Ethelinde ; or. The Recluse of the Lake, 

1789 

The heroine's troubles in losing her lover and being persecuted by the attentions of a married 
man, all finally removed by the lover's unexpected reappearance, are the pith of this senti- 
mental story. Grasmere and the Lake mountains furnish the setting. [5 vols. : o.p.] 

The Old Manor House. 1793 

The most prominent figure is a proud and autocratic old lady owning vast estates in the south 
of England — a very complete portrait draAvn without satire. The destination of the 
property and the loves and adventures of the hero, who ultimately inherits, are the prin- 
cipal matters. He is engaged in the American War of Independence. [4 vols. : o.p.] Other 
novels by her are : Evtmeline, or the Orphan of the Castle [4 vols., 1788] ; Celestina [4 vols., 
1 791] ; Desmond (favouring the spirit of the French Revolution), [3 vols., 1792] ; The 
Banished Man [4 vols., 1795] ; Montalbert [3 vols., 1795] ; The Young Philosopher [4 vols., 
1798]. [All o.p.] 

Smollett, Tobias George [1721-71]. The Adventures of Roderick Random, 1748 

A string of picturesque adventures in the comic style of Cervantes and Le Sage, but more 
realistic, composed largely of personal reminiscences, particularly of the disastrous ex- 
pedition to Cartagena (1741). Smollett has never been surpassed in a certain kind of 
coarse, graphic realism, seasoned with an hilarious spirit of low comedy, and caricature of 
people he knew in the flesh. His savage satire and inexhaustible invective produced many 
figures that have no semblance of life, and also such wonderful grotesques as Captain 
Bowling, Commodore Trunnion, Lieut. Hatchway, and the boatswain Tom Pipes. [Ed. 
G. Saintsbury, 3 vols., f'cap 8vo, 7s. 6d. n., Gibbings, 1895 ; (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., Bell 
($1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; 2 vols., 8vo, los., Routledge ($4, Button, New York); 
3s. 6d., 2s., cr. 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, $1, Button, New York).] 

The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle ; in which are included the Memoirs of 

a Lady of Quality. 1751 

Into this second novel he worked the same kind of material, adding a larger proportion of 
imaginary details. Peregrine's schooling, his courtships (with most unsavoury interludes), 
his travels and amorous exploits on the Continent and in London, make a humorous, but 
unedifying, story. The reaUsm is Hogarthian ; the caricature, it has been said — but this 
is only a superficial impression — gives us comic beasts rather than men. [2 vols. (Bohn's 



EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF 

Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; ed. G. Saintsbury, 4 vols., f'cap 
8vo, los. n., Gibbings, 1895 ; 2 vols., 8vo, los., Routledge ($4, Dutton, New York) ; 
3s. 6d., 28., cr. 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, $1, Dutton, New York).] 

Smollett, Tobias George (continued). — The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom. 

1753 
Somewhat resembles the Jonathan Wild of Fielding. It is the history of an unmitigated 
scoundrel, offspring of a repulsive old camp-follower. In his adventures and misdeeds, 
the broad comedy is superseded by a romantic, or rather Gothic, handling of mysterious 
and blood-curdling incident. [Ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., f'cap 8vo, 5s. n., Gibbings, 
1895 ; 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

Adventures of Launcelot Greaves. 1762 

A clumsy imitation of Don Quixote. Sir Launcelot, a rustic squire, rambles about the 
country as a redresser of grievances, and has an absurd rival in the novice Captain Crowe. 
Like Smollett's other novels, full of scurrilous satire of everything and everybody. [With 
Adventures of an Atom, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2 .Dutton, New York).] 

The Expedition of Humphry Chnker. 1771 

Written while he was dying — a riper book, more restrained, yet still pungent enough in its 

satire. The travels and observations of a Welsh family, a group of delightful oddities, 
through England, Scotland, and Wales. The sarcastic descriptions of towns and peoples 
are doubly comic from being in letters written by the different characters, with absurdly 
incompatible points of view. Parodies the language and manners of the Methodists. The 
Scottish portion is particularly familiar and racy, dealing with the scenes of Smollett's 
younger days. [Ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., f'cap Svo, Gibbings, 1896 ; (Bohn's Lib.), 
3s. 6d., Bell ($1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2, Dutton, New 
York) ; 3s. 6d., 2s., cr. 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, $1, Dutton, New York).] 

Sterne, Laurence [1713-68]. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent, 

1759-67 
A long and eccentric novel in which the author plays incessant jokes with the order and 
method' of his narrative — the whimsical masterpiece of an inveterate jester. Tristram's 
father and uncle Toby are the figures on which the eye is chiefly focussed ; and with Dr. 
Slop, Corporal Trim, Mrs. Shandy and Yorick, make an extraordinary and inimitable 
group of characters, humorous idealisms of a rare kind infinitely surpassing any caricature 
or burlesque. A medley of burlesque and random drollery, satirical sporting with 
human virtues and foibles, philosophical digressions, with little unity or plot. Sterne's 
pecuUar sentimentality is unique, though many writers have tried to copy it, e.g. Mackenzie 
and Xavier de Maislre. [Edited by G. Saintsbury, 3 vols., 7s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1894 ; 
with Sentimental Journey, 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New 
York), 1899; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York), 1906; 
(Pocket Lib.), is., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Illustrated Editions: illus. by 
T. H. Robinson, 3s. 6d., Chatto (1902), 1907 ; illus. by E. Hedouin, 2s. 6d. n., Gibbings, 
1903 ; illus. by E. Hopkins, los. 6d. n., 4to, Williams and Norgate, 1910.] 

A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy. 176S 

Sterne himself is the traveller, and the journey with its incidents (many of which are not very 
chaste) is a vehicle for his sentimental moralizing on the absurdities, the elusive humour, 
and the pathos of human life. An admirable specimen of his style, and on the whole more 
pleasing to the non-esoteric reader than the more freakish and grotesque Tristram Shandy. 
[Edited by George Saintsbury, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1894 ; ed. A. W. Pollard, 2 vols. ($3, 
8vo, Macmillan, New York) ; with Tristram Shandy, 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n., 
Dent (90c. n., Dutton, New York), 1899 ; ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge (35c. n., Dutton, 
New York), 1886 ; (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Clarendon Press, 1903. Illustrated 
by Harry Fumiss, 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings, 1903.] 

Walpole, Horace, Earl of Orford [1717-97]. The Castle of Otranto. 1764 

A famous example of the Gothic romance of mystery and terror. Its extravagant events are 
supposed to occur in Italy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but the historical setting 
is quite imaginary. Manfred, a tyrannical baron, his ill-used wife and beautiful daughter, 
with a gigantic apparition that haunts the castle, are the puppets in the tragedy. Important 
in the history of the romantic revival, but not more important than the Rev. Thos. 
Leland's Longsword, an Historical Romance, of two years earlier, which, however, is 
hardly readable now. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; with Reeve's Old English Baron, see 
p. 22.] 

23 



ENGLISH FICTION 

White, James [d. 1799]. Earl Strongbow; or, The History of Richard de Clare 
and the Beautiful Geralda. 1789 

The Adventures of John of Gaunt. 1790 

The Adventures of Richard Coeur de Lion. 1791 

Examples of the dull rehash of historical events which did duty just before the romantic 
revival for historical fiction. The author of Falstaff's Letters was another James White, 
perhaps a relative. [All o.p.] 

NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER— 1801-1825 

Austen, Jane [1775-1817]. Sense and Sensibihty. 1811 

A study of character and manners in a very delicate, precise, miniature style ; the characters 
just everyday people, drawn as they are without exaggeration ; the minute differences 
of human nature delicately pencilled ; the satire directed against mere commonplace 
foolishness, conceit, and vulgarity, rather than vice or eccentricity. In truth, the social 
failings and personal foibles are self-revealed rather than satirized, and make spontaneous 
comedy. In the comparison of the two sisters there may be implied an ironical criticism 
of the sentimentahsts of the school of Richardson, etc. One is Judgment, self-control, 
sanity ; the other Imagination, feeling, sentimentality : the very different course of 
their respective love affairs points the moral. Northanger Abbey was written before this. 

Pride and Prejudice. 1813 

A priggish lover and a high-spirited girl are brought together at last, in spite of antipathy, 
by the natural growth of esteem. But the interest of passion and plot is a small thing 
with Miss Austen compared with the observation of character and humour, making foibles 
and vulgar selfishness a perfect delight to the reader — take, e.g., the selfish father, Mr. 
Bennet, the absurd clerical toady Mr. Collins, Mrs. Bennet the anxious mother, and even 
the failings of the too exalted heroine. 

Mansfield Park, 1814 

Brings into comparison and contrast the several ranks in the upper middle class, by means 
of the different marriage unions of three sisters. All three are selfish in different ways ; 
and their families make an interesting series of nicely differentiated characters. There 
is some pathos tempering the comedy, and the comedy is not without its serious side, 
which shows the ordinary trivial-seeming events of domestic life in their true importance. 
A quiet love story, as usual, runs through the fabric. 

Emma. 1816 

The heroine, a pretty, wilful girl of sterling character, whose rage for matchmaking and 
aptitude for mistakes bring herself and her friends into many scrapes, for which she 
often suffers. Amiable egotists, harmless fools, conceited flirts, and sentimental maddens 
make excellent comedy. 

Northanger Abbey. 1818 

Though not published until 1818, this was really Miss Austen's first attempt at novel-writing. 
Begun as a burlesque of Mrs. Radclifie, it developed into the genre which was to be pecu- 
liarly Jane Austen's — the portrayal in sober and faithful tints of the quiet middle-class 
life she knew ; the satire restrained, the comedy all-pervasive. The heroine is a girl 
in the first innocent bloom of youth, whose entry into life is attended by the collapse of 
many illusions. 

Persuasion. 1818 

A tender, wistful tale, more of a love story than is Miss Austen's wont, with a vein of refined 
pathos, though the issue is happy. Anne Eliot parts from her lover, but after years of 
absence he returns, old love reasserts its sway, and they marry. 

Lady Susan ; The Watsons. 1871 

The former is a novelette in letters, supposed to have been written early ; never published 
by the authoress. The subject, an unpleasant sort of intrigue, is uncharacteristic, and 
Prof. Goldwin Smith rightly calls the book a mere exercise. The Watsons also is a mere 
fragment, the beginning of a thoroughly characteristic study of family hfe in a country 
town ; provincial vulgarity and the revulsion which a cultivated girl feels on coming back 
to a homely and ill-mannered family are the principal themes. 

24 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 

[Novels in 5 vols. {Nortkanger Abbey and Persuasion in i vol.). Each with an introduction 
by Austin Dobson and illus. by Hugh Thomson or C. E. Brock (Macmillan's 111. Standard 
Novels), each 2s. 6d. ($1.50), cr. 8vo, Macmillan (1895-8) 1900-2; (Pocket Edn.), f'cap 
Svo, each 2s. n. (80c.), Macmillan, 1902 ; (Everyman's Lib.), each is. n.. Dent (35c. n.. 
Button, New York), 1906 ; (Steventon Edn.), each 2s., cr. Svo, Routledge (75c., Dutton, 
New York), 1898-9. In 8 vols. (Temple Classics), each in 2 vols., except Nortkanger Abbey 
and Persuasion, each vol. is. 6d. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New York), 1899. In 6 vols. 
(EngUsh Idylls), with coloured illus. by C. E. Brock, each 5s. n., 8vo, Dent ($2, Dutton, 
New York), 1907-9. Works, 10 vols., 60s. n., cr. 8vo, Chatto, 1908 ; 5 vols. (Bentley's 
Favourite Novels), each 6s., cr. Svo, Macmillan, 1882. Lady Susan and The Watsons in 
I vol., 6s., Macmillan, o.p. ; 75c., Little and Brown, Boston, 1892.] 

Barrett, Eaton Stannard [1786-1820]. The Heroine ; or, The Adventures of 
Cherubina. 1813 

A burlesque attack on the blood-curdling romances fashionable at the time. Cherubina is 
crazed by reading these, disowns her yeoman father, adopts a high-flown name, and has 
many mirthful adventures in London and in a deserted castle, where she tries to establish 
herself with a retinue of attendants. Barrett was an Irish poet. [With introduction by 
Walter Raleigh (Oxford Lib. of Prose and Poetry), 2s. 6d. n. (90c.), Clarendon Press, 
1909.] 

Edgeworth, Maria [1767-1849]. The Parent's Assistant. 1796 

Simple tales, with very obvious morals, adapting her father's maxims to the understanding of 
children. A famous book in its way, containing among the rest Simple Susan, The 
Purple Jar, and Lazy Laurence. [is. 6d. n., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York). 
///Ms^>'a/e^ by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1897), 1898, Pocket Edn. 2s. n. 
(80c.), id., 1903 ; illus. by Speed, 3s. 6d., Bell, 1890.] 

Castle Rackrent. 1800 

A novel of much higher pretensions, giving us, in the annals of an Irish house, an immortal 
picture of the broken-down gentry. The character-portraits of Sir Condy and the other 
squireens and their retainers, and the anecdotes of boisterous, irresponsible life, put into 
the mouth of an old servitor who is himself a character, are manifestly the work of an 
intimate observer. [(Ariel Booklets), 75c. (is. 6d. n.), 32mo, Putman, 1906. With The 
Absentee, illustrated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1895), 1898 ; Pocket 
Edn., 2s. n. (8oc.) id., 1903.] 

Belinda. 1801 

Essentially didactic, embodying her ideas on woman's sphere and duties and on moral phil- 
osophy in general. More of a novel than the foregoing, yet manifestly constructed to 
show off certain contrasts of character — Belinda, the ideal of maidenhood and womanly 
good sense, the fast Society woman who chaperons her, the profligates and fatuous beaux, 
the admirable wife and mother, the burlesque assertor of woman's rights, and the girl, 
brought up like a hothouse flower, who goes to the bad. [3s. 6d., Routledge, 1893. Illus- 
trated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1897) ; 2 vols. 5s. n., Dent, 1893 ; 
1S98, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (Soc), id., 1903.] 

The Absentee. 1801 

Exposes in all its ill-consequences one of the rankest abuses of Irish landlordism. • Lord 
Clombrony, though fond of Ireland, is an absentee because his vulgar wife hankers after 
fashionable life in " Lon'on " ; the tenants meanwhile are left to the rapacity of dis- 
honest agents, and the estate goes to ruin. Shows up the hollowness of Society life, and 
satirizes the contemporary fop, the empty-headed soldier, fortune-hunters male and 
female, and slaves of fashion living beyond their means. A kindlier humour is lavished 
on Larry, the postilion. Sir Terence O'Fay, the good-natured and witty hanger-on, and 
that fine Irish gentleman. Count O'Halloran. Written originally as a play. [2s. 6d. n.. 
Dent, 1893; (v. also Castle Rackrent); $1.50, Routledge, New York; 25c., Harper, 
New York.] 

Popular Tales. 1803 

Depicts the rustic world, farm life, fields, cottage children, and quiet unstirred by great 
events. Simple themes and simple language, child-like characters and the patent moral, 
make these tales specially suitable for the young (e.g. Lame Jervas, The Limerick Gloves, 
The Lottery, To-morrow, Out of Debt out of Danger). [Illustrated by Chris Hammond, 
2S. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.), id., 1903.] 

25 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Edgeworth, Maria {continued). — Leonora. 1806 

Written to confute Madame de Stael's Delphine with its advanced views on women. [2s. 6d. 
n.. Dent, 1893.] 

Tales of Fashionable Life. 1809 

Exposes the frivoHty, extravagance, and worthlessness of Society people, and extols common- 
sense. Thronged with fine ladies, who flirt and gad about in male attire, either going to 
the bad irretrievably or becoming reformed. Ennui is the empty life of a voluptuary, 
wearily striving to satisfy his mind with pleasure, and his tragic awakening. The un- 
thrifty but genial life of the Hibernian peasant furnishes the human contrasts. [4 vols., 
8s., Routledge, o.p. ; Ennui, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] 

Vivian. 1809 

The sad career of a vain, weak man, who with the best intentions in the world manages to ruin 

himself, lose the girl he loves, run away with a fashionable woman, and marry a lady 
he does not care for. One of the novels that Sir Walter Scott praised in a memorable 
saying. [2s. 6d. n., Dent, 1893.] 

Patronage. 1814 

A typical example of moralistic fiction, its merits and defects ; self-reliance the thesis. The 

chief characters are accentuated types of good and bad principles, and each gets his 
deserts. Two of the characters are fine and lifelike. Lord Oldborough, a haughty and 
ambitious minister, and Buckhurst Falconer, a warm-hearted but unstable man, whose 
moral decadence moves compassion. Hardly an Irish character in the book, which 
accordingly lacks her usual vivacity, and is, moreover, very long. [2 vols., 7s., Rout- 
ledge, 1893, o.p. ; 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893.] 

Harrington. 1817 

Task work, written as an apology for the Jews, in response to a Jewish lady who reproached 
her with having made so many Jews ridiculous. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] 

Ormond. 1817 

Contains King Corny (another Sir Condy) and Sir Ulick O'Shane among her oddest and most 
humorous creations, and some of her gayest and brightest scenes ; the dialogue full of 
humour and witty drollery. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893. Illustrated by Carl Schloesser, 
2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan ; Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.), id., 1903.] 

Early Lessons ; and Moral Tales. 1822-6 

Harry and Lucy (begun early but not completed till 1826) is a moral tale urging children to be 

their own teachers. Frank and Rosamund contains a certain allowance of entertainment 
with a full measure of edification. [Each 2s., is., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Helen. 1834 

A poor story with good character studies, written after her father's death, and so without 
his wonted counsel and encouragement. The moral aim is to show what social troubles 
arise from addiction to fibs and "white lies." [3s. 6d., Routledge, 1893, o.p.; Illus- 
trated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (8oc.), id., 
1903 ; 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893.] 

Ferrier, Susan Edmondstone [1782-1854]. Marriage. 1818 

A rambling, ill-constructed novel, which, however, attains its main object, that is, to bring 
out contrasts of manners and character, the sharpest opposition being between the young 
lady, a spoilt child of English fcishionable life, who elopes with the son of a Highland 
laird and is brought to live in his uncouth home, and the set of originals she finds there, 
rough, honest, overflowing with fussy kindness, and with humours that delight the reader 
but disgust the heroine. 

The Inheritance. 1824 

Here Miss Ferrier manages her plot better, but the comedy of manners is of the same com- 
plexion. An heiress is all but ousted from her inheritance, is deserted by her mercenary 
lover, but marries the right one. The real entertainment, however, is not in the story 
but in the highly original examples of Scottish character, eccentrics, vulgarians, senti- 
mental misses, a pompous and loquacious lord, specimens of county Society, a nabob and 
his family, and the writer's masterpiece, the indefatigable gossip and busybody. Miss 
Pratt. 

26 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 

Ferrier, Susan Edmondstone {continued). — Destiny ; or, The Chief's Daughter. 

1831 

Rather a falling off from the other two. The plot turns on the title to certain estates, and 
the fortunes of a young lady who eventually marries the rediscovered heir. Sketches of 
clan and village life, the chief's household and retainers in their faded magnificence, 
divers satirical portraits, and a fierce caricature of a Presbyterian minister, are in her old 
style. 

[Each in i vol., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York) ; edited by R. B. Johnson and 
illus. by Nelly Erichsen, each work in 2 vols., 5s. n., f'cap 8vo, Dent, 1894.] 

Galt, John [1779-1839]. The Ayrshire Legatees. 1820 

Gait may be described as the earliest Kailyard novelist, if the honour is not more justly 
Scott's, on the strength of his faithful and humorous pictures of lowland character and 
racy representation of dialect. This novel, modelled on Humphry Clinker, tells how the 
Pringle family went to London, saw the " lions," and what they thought about the pro- 
ceedings on George Ill's death, and the divorce of Queen Carohne. Displays the same 
keen relish of mother-wit and goodness, and the same detailed painting of personality as 
The Annals (written earlier, published later). [Issued with Annals of the Parish in all 
modem editions.] 

The Annals of the Parish. 1821 

An attempt to rival The Vicar of Wakefield : pictures the characters of an Ayrshire village 
(1760-18 10), from the minister downwards, with raciness, humour, and pathos ; in the form 
of a journal by the village minister, a kindly old man, whose three wives are drawn at 
full length. Contains a touching story of an old widow, whose husband is drowned, and 
who by heroic efforts brings up her family well. The American War and its effects, 
smuggling, the invasion of utilitarianism and philosophic radicalism, come in 
for discussion and anecdote. [With The Ayrshire Legatee. With introduction by 
G. S. Gordon, 2s. 6d. n., Frowde, 1908. Cheap edition, is. n. (New Universal Lib.), pott 
8vo, Routledge (50 c, Dutton, New York), 1908 ; $1 (Readable Books), Little and 
Brown, Boston. Illustrated : 2s. 6d., cr. 8vo, Macmillan, illustrated by H. W. Kerr, 
5s. n. 8vo, Foulis, 1910, v. also infra.] 



— The Provost. 1822 

The Annals, so to speak, in another edition, by a magistrate who chronicles half a century 
of life in a Galloway township. He is a shrewd and observant Scot, but less reflective 
and narrower in outlook than the minister. The cases that come before him, the careers 
of local unfortunates, village politics, and the jobbery which affords him his little pickings, 
are his favourite texts, [v. infra.] 

— Sir Andrew Wylie. 1822 



A novel of broader humour, not free from coarseness, with a witty character in Sir Andrew. 
(Lord Sandford is a sketch of Lord Blessington.) [v. infra.] 

— The Entail. 1823 



Contains one of the author's most humorous characters, Leddy Grippy, an inimitable Scots- 
woman, [v. infra.] 

— The Last of the Lairds. 1826 



Here Gait paints in his humorous way an old-fashioned set of people, grouped round a de- 
cayed, ignorant, and empty-headed old laird. Many of them are well endowed with racy 
individuaUty ; but a certain talkative and meddlesome Scotswoman is the masterpiece. 
[Each work, edited by G. S. Meldrum and S. R. Crockett, 2 vols, in i, 3s. 6d., Blackwood 
(1895), 1899 (2 vols., $2.50, Roberts, Boston, 1896), o.p. ; Novels. 4 vols., 7s. 6d. n.,cr. 8vo, 
Maclaren, 1907.] 

Gleig, Rev, George Robert [1796-1888]. The Subaltern. 1825 

Less a novel than actual reminiscences of the last stages of the Peninsular War, in which the 
author (afterwards Chaplain-General of the Forces) served as ensign — the siege of San 
Sebastian, Pampeluna, St. Jean de Luz (1812-5). [2s., cr. Svo, 1900, also is. n., i2mo, 
Blackwood, 1907,] 

27 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Hamilton, Elizabeth [1758-1816]. The Cottagers of Glenbumie. 1808 

A homely tale, didactic in aim, portraying the lowly life and character of rural Scotland. 
[is., Simpkin, 1888 : o.p.] 

Hogg, James [c. 1770-183 5]. The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Fanatic 
[originally. The Confessions of a Justified Sinner]. 1824 

A strange and ghastly novel depicting a man afflicted with religious mania, who believes 
himself attended and urged into crime by a familiar spirit. He murders various people, 
among them his brother, and then, accused and about to be convicted of still more heinous 
offences, commits suicide. Prof. Saintsbury suggests that Lockhart had a principal hand 
in the book. Hogg figures constantly as one of the principal spokesmen in the Nodes 
AmbrosiancB. [New edn. sub tit. The Suicide's Grave, 3s. 6d., J. Shiels {$1, Lippincott, 
Philadelphia), 1895 : o.p.] 

Hope, Thomas [1770-1831]. Anastasius ; or, Memoirs of a Modern Greek. 1819 

A faithful picture of Greek and Turkish life in the Levant. Anastasius is a type of the modem 
Greek as Byron drew him, a thorough rascal, cunning and treacherous. The long and 
elaborate story of his adventures is full of digressions describing manners and ways of 
life with a Dutch love of detail. Hope was Dutch in origin and a great Eastern traveller, 
[o.p.] 

Lockhart, John Gibson [1794-1854]. Valerius. 1821 

A classical novel recounting the story of a Romano-Briton's visit to Rome, and the persecu- 
tions under Trajan (a.d. iio). [2s., Blackwood.] 

Adam Blair. 1822 

A gloomy story of insensate passion and remorse ; the protagonists, a Presbyterian minister 
and Charlotte Campbell, wife of another man. The harvest of retribution is terrible. 
Blair confesses publicly, and tries to expiate his crime by resigning the pastorate and 
becoming a farmer. Characters and natural scenery contribute powerfully to the 
sombre effect. [2s., Blackwood : o.p.] 

Reginald Dalton. 1823 

Oxford undergraduate life ; a tale that has some pathetic touches, but, as a whole, has much 
of the rollicking and fanciful spirit of the Nodes AmbrosiancB : town and gown riots, a 
duel, and the like, are characteristic incidents. [2s., Blackwood : o.p.] 

Maturin, Charles Robert [Irish; 1782-1824]. Melmoth, the Wanderer. 1820 
One of the most powerful of the Gothic romances of mystery and terror which Mrs. RadcUffe, 
Monk Lewis, Croly, and others made fashionable at the time of the " Revival of Wonder." 
The motive is the old one of a supernatural compact whereby a man's life is prolonged 
through centuries. The writer's imagination revels in the mysterious and the horrible, 
and, unlike Mrs. Radcliffe, leaves his mysteries unexplained. [3 vols., 24s., Macmillan, 
1892 : o.p.] 

MiTFORD, Mary Russell [1787-1855]. Our Village : Sketches of Rural Character 
and Scenery. 1824-32 

A series of essays giving the finest descriptions extant of the natural surroundings, the people, 
high and low, the manners and customs, festivals — in short, the whole life of a Berkshire 
village in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Realistic and pictorial in manner, 
full of keen and loving observation ; the style polished and repolished with exquisite art ; 
yet purely external and devoid of dramatic interest, but for which deficiency they would 
challenge comparison with Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford. 

[3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Smith and Elder, Pocket Edn., is. 6d., id., 1890; 2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., 
Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York) ; (Temple Classics), is. 6d. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, 
New York). Illustrated by Hugh Thomson (some coloured) (Cranford Series) , 3s. 6d. ($1.50), 
Macmillan, 1898, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.), id., 1902; with 25 coloured plates by C. E. 
Brock, 5s. n., Dent ($2, Dutton, New York), 1904 ; by Hugh Thomson and A. RawHngs, 
los. 6d. n. ($3.50 n.), 4to, Macmillan, 1910.] 

Moore, Thomas. The Fudge Family in Paris. 1818 

A series of journalistic skits written under the name of Thomas Brown the Younger, inspired 
by a sojourn of Moore and Rogers in Paris in 181 7, [o.p.] 

28 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 

Moore, Thomas {continued). — ^The Epicurean. 1827 

An essay in the manner of Vathek, supposed to be translated from a Greek manuscript found in 
Egypt. Supernatural and other adventures of an Epicurean philosopher who embraces 
Christianity and is persecuted by the Memphian hierarchy. Time, third century, reign of 
Diocletian. It is really a prose adaptation of his poem Alciphron, afterwards published 
along with it. [2s. 6d., Longman, 1864 : o.p.] 

More, Hannah [1745-1833]. Coelebs in Search of a Wife. 1808 

The only readable survivor of a series of didactic stories having little of the art of Miss Edge- 
worth. Coelebs visits a number of families and inspects the young ladies, the character- 
sketches and evaluations of personal qualities, humorous exposure of faults and affectations, 
being the results of his survey. [2s. 6d., James Blackwood, 1879.] 

Morgan, Lady [Sydney, n^e Owenson ; 1778-1859]. The Wild Irish Girl. 1806 

A sentimental love-tale by a perfervid girl with a mania for reviving all the ancient tokens of 
nationality. Glorvina, in whom Lady Morgan's contemporaries discerned much self- 
portraiture, is the last descendant of a line of Connaught princes, for centuries at feud 
with the earls who dispossessed them. The heir to the earldom woos her in disguise, and 
after romantic vicissitudes they are publicly united. [2s., Routledge, o.p. ; $1.50, 
Haverty, New York.] 

O'Donnel. 1814 

The impoverished scion of a princely house, intended to typify the heroic virtues of the 
native aristocracy. A plea for Catholic emancipation ; represents the young Irishmen 
oppressed by penal laws and driven into foreign service. The hero's career is consum- 
mated by a fortunate marriage with a dowager-duchess. Much idealized, yet truly Irish, 
sketches of all ranks ; the society chapters vulgar in tone and full of broad comedy. The 
governess transformed by marriage into a duchess is the author's own portrait, [is., 
Downey : o.p.] 

Florence M'Carthy. 1816 

A kidnapped heir asserts his claim to a peerage and estates, and unwittingly woos the romantic 
Florence, to whom he was betrothed in his youth. Among the comic people, Crawley is 
memorable as Lady Morgan's caricature of her enemy J. W. Croker. [o.p. ; $1.50, Sadlier, 
New York.] 

The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys. 1827 

An attempt to imitate Scott's historical romances. The biography of a patriot who after 
the 1798 tragedy escapes to the Continent, where his career is brilliant, and where he 
marries the heroine. Scenes of old Irish society, wild landscapes, exciting adventures. 
Like the others, highly sentimental, and hot for nationalism and Catholic emancipation, 
[o.p. ; $1.50, Haverty, New York.] 

MoRiER, James Justinian [1780-1849]. The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. 

1824 

Hajji Baba in England [sequel]. 1828 



The most brilliant picture we have in English literature of society and manners in Persia, 
done on the convenient plan of a Spanish rogue-story, by a great traveller and diplomat 
with an unrivalled knowledge of the people. The sequel relates the comic adventures 01 
a Persian ambassador and his suite in London, and makes capital of the amusing con- 
trasts between Persian and English customs. The book is a masterpiece of comic litera- 
ture, Morier having a wonderful knack for developing choice idiosyncrasies of character. 
[Former book, 2 vols., 7s., Methuen, 1895 ; 2s., Routledge, 1877. Illustrated : 21s. n.. 
Lawrence and BuUen, 1896, o.p. ; by G. Curzon, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1895). 
1899. Both books in i vol., 6d., Dicks (badly printed).] 

Opie, AmeUa [nie Alderson ; 1769-1853]. The Father and the Daughter. 1801 

A somewhat conventional novel characterized by deep and harrowing pathos. A young lady, 
cruelly betrayed by a libertine, leaves her home and falls into terrible troubles, the culmina- 
tion of which is the madness and death of her father through grief, [o.p.] 

29 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Opie, Amelia [nee Alderson] {continued). — Adeline Mowbray ; or. Mother and 
Daughter. 1804 

The earliest treatment of the now hackneyed theme of the " Woman Who Did " — em- 
bodies not only the teaching of Mary Wollstonecraft, but the main incidents of her life 
and her connexion with Godwin. The views of her mother lead Adeline to put into practice 
extreme views on marriage and morality. She refuses to marry, and lives with her lover 
until his death, whereupon she meets with persecution and contumely till she dies in 
great misery. An early problem novel, as acutely pathetic as the former tragic tale. 
[3 vols., Longman, 1805 : o.p.] 

Peacock, Thomas Love [1785-1866]. Headlong Hall. 1816 

Peacock was a satirist of striking individuality, who parodied the views of contemporary 
romanticism, Liberal politicians, and progressive thinkers, in absurd dialogues interspersed 
with exquisite snatches of poetry. His first novel was a Rabelaisian satire on contem- 
porary men of letters and philosophers, who are pilloried as faddists and their views 
criticized by the method of reductio ad absurdum. [2s. 6d. n., Dent, 1801. With Night- 
mare Abbey, illustrated by Millar, 2s. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] 

Melincourt. 181 7 

A longer satire with more plot, and some likeness to Swift's Gulliver. The mock-hero, a 
priggish disciple of Rousseau, an anti-slavery enthusiast, etc., prepares a tame monkey. 
Sir Oran Haut-ton, to enter Parliament. The election for One Vote is a farcical episode, 
and there is plenty of high jinks and high spirits. Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, 
Canning, etc., are caricatured. [2 vols, 5s. n., Dent, 1891. Illustrated by Townsend, 
2S. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] 

Nightmare Abbey. 1818 

An amusing farce of great literary interest, caricaturing Byron as Mr. Cypress, Coleridge as 
Mr. Flosky, and Shelley, in a friendly way, as the misanthropic Scythrop, with his ludicrous 
entanglement with two girls. Extravagant sketches of contemporary cranks, poets, and 
mystics, many of them still easy to identify, fill up the canvas. [2s. 6d. n., Dent, 1891 : 
see also Headlong Hall.] 

Maid Marian. 1822 

A rollicking version of the Robin Hood legend, with oblique satire on English politics and 
reformers from the Conservative point of view. Melodious songs abound. Planche 
dramatized the tale. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1891. With Crotchet Castle, illus., 2s. 6d., Mac- 
millan, 1895.] 

■ The Misfortunes of Elphin. 1829 

His most eccentric novel, a semi-poetical burlesque of ancient Welsh history and legend, and 
at the same time a covert satire on the Reform Bill agitation, symbolized by the sapping 
and overthrow of the great sea wall. The sayings and doings of that immortal inebriate 
Seithenyn are exquisitely humorous, and the war songs, lyrics of love and drinking 
comprise many of the gems in our anthologies. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1892. With Rhododaphne, 
a poem, illus. by Townsend, 2s. 6d., Macmillan, 1897.] 

Crotchet Castle. 1831 

Probably his most famous story, if not his best. Consists of Aristophanic mockery of what 
he regarded as fads and extravagances. A house-party of crotcheteers and other comic 
creatures meet and talk. Dr. Folliott, the jovial athletic parson, the exposer of shams, is, 
like Seithenyn, Dr. Opimian, and others, a piece of genuine humanism and no mere 
intellectual butt. [2s. 6d. n., Dent, 1891 : v. Maid Marian.] 

Gryll Grange, i860 

More of a regular novel than the rest, but the main element is still Aristophanic satire and 
Conservative criticism of social tendencies. Dr. Opimian, like Dr. Folliott, makes liberal 
amends for Peacock's early assaults on the clerical order. [2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1891. 
I llustrated hy Tovfnsend, 2s. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] 

Novels (complete), in 2 vols., each is. n. (New Universal Lib.), Routledge (each 50c., Dutton, 
New York), 1906. 

30 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 
Porter, Anna Maria [i 780-1 832]. The Hungarian Brothers. 1807 

An early and very old-fashioned historical romance of Vienna in 1790-1800. [6d., Wame ; 
25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

Porter, Jane [1776-1850]. Thaddeus of Warsaw. 1803 

Asentimental idyll suggested by the exploits and tragic after-life of Kosciusko. Count 
Thaddeus Sobieski is a faultless hero of romance, disinterested, valiant, performing 
mighty deeds in his country's last struggle ; while as a refugee in London, where he 
lives as a teacher of languages, the unparalleled nature of his misfortunes gives him a 
mysterious dignity. [Ed. E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge, 1905 
(75c., Button, New York). Illustrated : 3s. 6d., Nisbet, 1892.] 

The Scottish Chiefs. 1810 

A better story though not so famous, founded on Barbour's p)oem, The Brus, with its heroic 
story of Wallace and Bruce and the long war of Scottish Independence [c. 1296-1314]. 
The writer's personal knowledge of the locaUties strengthens the work. [2s., Routledge. 
Illustrated by T. H. Robinson, 5s. n.. Dent.] 

Scott, Sir Walter [1771-1832]. Waverley ; or, Tis Sixty Years Since. 1814 

A romance of the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, begun by Scott in 1805, then laid aside, and 
in 1 81 4 taken up and finished in three weeks. This, Uke many of the following tales, was 
originally published anonymously. Opens in Scotland just before the outbreak, with 
scenes of Lowland life at the home of the jocular old baron of Bradwardine ; then the 
hero makes an excursion into the disaffected Highlands, and is soon plunged into the 
Jacobite movement. A memorable scene is the famous Holyrood ball. Waverley fights 
with credit at Prestonpans, accompanies the Highland army in their march to Derby, 
and returns to Scotland after CuUoden. A tragic and moving episode is the trial and 
death of the gallant Highland chief, beside whom Waverley has fought throughout the 
campaign. His own lot is happier, for he marries the baron's daughter, and restores the 
glory of the Bradwardines. In germ the Waverley novels were the same kind of thing 
as Scott's metrical romances, but to the romantic and mediaeval elements they add some- 
thing of infinitely higher value. Here Scott's knowledge of human nature, his power of 
creating humorous characters most convincingly true to life, and his command of natural 
drama find their sphere. His faithful drawing of indigenous Scottish types had a mighty 
influence upon the progress of realism, and compared with this the stimulus he gave to 
Dumas and the romancers is a minor matter. 

Guy Mannering ; or, The Astrologer. 181 5 



The plot very romantic, though the story is said to be founded on facts : the fortunes and 
misfortunes of an abducted heir. The wild coasts of Galloway are the chief scenes, with 
trips to Edinburgh and the Border ; and Scott brings in numberless types of native 
characters such as he had grown familiar with in his youthful peregrinations in search 
of old ballads and legends. The chivalrous yeoman Dandie Dinmont, the wild, romantic 
gipsy Meg Merrilies, Dirk Hatteraick, the villainous freetrader. Dominie Sampson, a 
simple, faithful old tutor who reminds one of Goldsmith, and the witty advocate Counsellor 
Pleydell are among Scott's most memorable creations. He was at his best the nearer 
he came to his own time, and this is laid in 1750-70. 

— The Antiquary. 1816 



Comes nearer still and deals with life and manners on the east coast of Scotland about 1795. 
As usual the official personages of the plot are gentry ; but it is in the humble fisherfolk, 
the picturesque old bedesman Edie Ochiltree, the antiquarian Oldbuck, for whose hobbies 
and eccentricities Scott had a fellow-feeling, and in the humorous scenes where these 
figure, that the strength of this great novel is to be looked for. The broader comedy in 
which the swindling charlatan Dousterswivel is so roughly handled is also very character- 
istic (cf. Woodstock). 

— The Black Dwarf. 1816 



A minor romance grounded on fact, bringing in a hideous and misanthropic recluse, sug- 
gested by a native of Tweeddale, who was only three and a half feet high, the depredations 
of freebooters on the Border, and the abortive proceedings of the Jacobites about the 
year 1706 when the Rebellion of 171 5 was preparing. 

3« 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Scott, Sir Walter {continued). — Old Mortality. 1816 

Perhaps the finest of Scott's properly historical novels, dealing with the outbreak of the Coven- 
anters in 1679, the skirmish at Drumclog, and the battle of Bothwell Brig. Scott's Tory 
sympathies were with the other side, and he presents Grahame of Claverhouse, the 
scourge of the Covenanters, in a very favourable manner — while he lampoons the Presby- 
terian preachers, e.g. Poundtext. Mucklewrath and the fanatical old woman Mause 
Headrigg are impressive figures with a strain of madness in them, and the historic Balfour 
of Barley is depicted as a victim of religious frenzy. Scott's intimate knowledge of village 
life in Scotland, and his powers of delineating the characters of humble folk, are freely 
displayed in this novel. Old Mortality was a venerable enthusiast known to Scott, who 
got from him much of his material. 

Rob Roy. ' 1817 

Ultra-romantic, with its captivating heroine Di Vernon, the strange Northumberland house 
with its mysteries, and the complicated plot, which involves a young Englishman in the 
troubles of 1715, takes him on an adventurous excursion into Rob Roy's territory, and 
brings on the scene Rob Roy himself and the theatrical figure of his wife Helen Mac- 
gregor. The descriptions of Highland scenery about Loch Lomond helped to make Scot- 
land a tourist district. On the other hand, the Baillie Nicol Jarvie and the canny gardener 
Andrew Fairservice rank high among the exponents of Scott's rich humour. 

The Heart of Midlothian. 1818 

Opens with an account of the Porteous Riots in Edinburgh (1736) ; but the dramatic interest 

centres in the misfortunes of a peasant girl, Effie Deans, indicted for the murder of her 
illegitimate child, and the great heroism of her sister Jeanie, the noblest of Scott's heroines, 
whose prototype was a certain Helen Walker, who actually walked from Edinburgh to 
London, as Jeanie does, to obtain her sister's pardon from Queen Caroline. The faithful 
and kindly pictures of humble life again bear witness to Scott's keen observation of the 
small farmers, drovers, and other rustic inhabitants of the Lowlands. The crazy Madge 
Wildfire is another of those wild, grotesque women of whom Meg Merrilies is the type. 
Among the historical characters introduced are George H's wife Queen Caroline, the 
Duke of Argyle, and Captain Porteous. 

The Bride of Lammermoor. 1819 

The most tragic of Scott's romances, on which Donizetti's opera Lucia di Lammermoor is 

based. The last scion of a ruined family and the daughter of his ancestral enemy in 
possession of the estates fall in love. For a while there is a glimpse of hope and happiness ; 
but the ambitious mother opposes the match, prophecies and apparitions symbolize the 
inevitable tragedy, and the romance closes in death and sorrow. The scene is laid 
in East Lothian, near the sea, about 1695. Caleb Balderstone, the faithful retainer, 
is one of Scott's humorous creations, and his obstinate care for his unhappy master relieves 
the overpowering tragedy. 

A Legend of Montrose, 1819 

A brjef but thrilling romance, concerned with the Royalists under Montrose in the Highlands 

in 1645-6, and based on the singular history of the young Earl of Menteith ; the facts 
much modified for romantic purposes. A wild tribe of Highlanders, the Children of the 
Mist, enact a sanguinary part in the drama, which embraces among its personages the 
famous Montrose, the puritan Marquis of Argyle, and other adherents of the King or 
the Pariiament, and most memorable of all. Captain Dalgetty, a humorous portrayal of a 
soldier of fortune, which ranks with Scott's finest creations. Compare Scott's idealized 
version of this episode with Neil Munro's realistic study, John Splendid — the other side of 
the shield. 

Ivanhoe. 1819 

The author's first departure from Scottish themes, and his most popular book. Dictated 

while he was suffering from illness. A many-coloured picture of mediaeval England at 
the period when Norman and Saxon had hardly begun to fuse, when the castles were 
the strongholds of baronial oppressors, and the woods full of outlaws. Brings together 
some of the most romantic names of the Middle Ages, Coeur de Lion, Robin Hood, Friar 
Tuck, Allan-a-Dale, Isaac of York, and Prince John ; the tale of Richard's clandestine 
home-coming being interwoven with the loves and adventures of a young Saxon knight. 
The tournament at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, the siege of Front-de-Boeuf 's castle, the encounter 
of Brian de Bois-Gilbert with Ivanhoe, are now classic episodes to be found in many 
story books. The period is about 1194, and Yorkshire and Leicestershire supply the 
principal scenes. Historical and chronological matters are handled with much licence. 

32 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 

Scott, Sir Walter {continued). — The Monastery. 1820 

The Abbot [sequel]. 1820 

Romances of Edinburgh and the Border country in the unsettled period that followed the 
Scottish defeat at Pinkie. The Monastery of Kennaquhair is Melrose, and most of the 
earlier events occur on Tweedside. A ghost, the White Lady of Avenel, plays a consider- 
able part, and there is a caricature of an English courtier talking Euphuism. The whole 
story covers the period 1550-68, to the fall of Mary Queen of Scots, whose jjersonality is 
sympathetically and inimitably drawn in the later scenes. The Regent Murray her 
bastard brother, George Douglas her would-be rescuer, the Earl of Morton, and other 
famous people take part in the action. The obscure young man who is the hero attends 
the Queen in Lochleven Castle and is present at the battle of Dumbarton. 

Kenilworth. 1821 



Founded on Mickle's romantic ballad of Cumnor Hall ; the tragic story of Amy Robsart, the 
martyred wife of Queen Elizabeth's favourite the Earl of Leicester (1575) : takes great 
liberties with history and chronology, and scarcely embodies the spirit of the times — the 
Renaissance, the Elizabethan unrest and enthusiasm. The Queen, Raleigh, Shakespeare, 
Burleigh, and other historic persons are introduced, and elaborate descriptions are given 
of the magnificent palace of Kenilworth and of the revels that celebrated the Queen's 
visit. Oxfordshire and Warwickshire are the principal scenes. 

— The Pirate. 182 1 

A romantic version of the career of a pirate executed in 1725, and the scene lies in the 
Orkney and Shetland Isles, the primitive inhabitants of which are picturesquely described, 
with their quaint laws and customs two centuries ago. Noma of the Fitful-head is one 
of those semi-supernatural figures like Meg Merrilies, and BUnd Alice in The Bride of 
Lammermoor , which show Scott's ingrained romanticism. 

— The Fortunes of Nigel. 1822 



Life in London and at the Court in the early days of James I (1604) ; with full portraits of 
the King, Prince Charles, Buckingham, Jingling Geordie, founder of Heriot's Hospital, 
and other historic personages. " No historical portrait that we possess," says R. H. 
Hutton, " will take precedence, as a mere portrait, of Scott's brilliant study of James I." 
The fortune-hunting Scots who followed James to England come in for humorous por- 
traiture, and the courtiers, fops, servants, park-rangers, and the lawless population of 
Alsatia or old Whitefriars, the thieves' sanctuary, make up a motley crowd. Nigel is a 
young Scots nobleman, who, after an adventurous career, marries the daughter of a 
London watchmaker. 

— Peveril of the Peak. 1823 

Has an ultra-romantic plot, in which a supposed deaf mute and a dwarf help defeat the 
machinations framed to separate hero and heroine. The historical datum is the bogus 
conspiracy revealed by Titus Oates : the hero's father is threatened with denunciation. 
The Peak of Derbyshire, the Isle of Man, and London are the scenes ; and among the per- 
sonages are Charles II, his favourite the Duke of Buckingham, the Countess of Derby 
and Queen of Man (whose participation brings in a great deal of Manx lore), Col. Blood, 
and some of the obscurer ministers of the King's debaucheries. 



— Quentin Durward. 1823 

Scott's first romance of continental history. Gives a rich and varied picture of the age when 
feudalism and chivalry were about to pass away. The chief scenes are in the frontier 
districts of France and Flanders ; and the Machiavellian Louis XI, headstrong Charles 
the Bold, and the rebellious Flemings, with the savage William De la Marck, the Wild 
Boar of Ardennes, Commines the historian, Oliver the barber, Louis' confidant, Galeotti the 
astrologer. Cardinal Balue, and Lord Crawford, chief of the Scottish Archers, are strongly 
portrayed. Among the historical incidents are several of the most impressive mise en 
seine, and the pure romance is absorbing. Quentin Durward made the same sen.sation 
abroad as Waverley had made in England. 

— St. Ronan's Well. 1823 



Scott's attempt to rival Miss Austen in a comedy of character, manners, and small talk in 
a rural watering-place, Inverleithen on the "Tweed. The plot has a tragic ending, but 

D 33 



ENGLISH FICTION 

the strength of the novel is in the humours of such people as the landlady, Meg Dods, 
who has been described as " one of the very best low-comedy characters in the whole range 
of fiction." 

Scott, Sir Walter (continued). — Redgauntlet : a Tale of the Eighteenth Century. 

1824 

Incorporates many reminiscences of Scott's youth. The scene is Cumberland and the Scottish 
district bordering on the Solway. The romantic affairs of the Laird of Redgauntlet, his 
niece and her lover, are interwoven with an abortive Jacobite plot, the most memorable 
scene of which is the Young Pretender's farewell to Britain. Wandering Willie's Tale, 
told by one of the characters, has been pronounced the finest short story in the language. 
The litigious, hard-hearted drunkard, Peter Peebles, is one of Scott's raciest characters. 

The Betrothed. 1825 

This and The Talisman compose the series of Tales of the Crusaders. The scene is Garde 
Doloureuse, a Norman castle on the Welsh border ; and the motive is first a feud with 
a Welsh prince, a suitor of the Norman heroine, and then the usurpation of her rights 
by her lover's kinsman. The Tales were to illustrate the disorders caused by the absence 
of the Crusaders. Time : reign of Henry II (1187). 

The Talisman. 1825 

A minor work with a feeble romantic plot. Presents, however, an animated picture of the 
Crusaders in Palestine (1189-92), with vivid portraits of Coeur de Lion and Saladin, who 
have several picturesque encounters both peaceful and armed, Berengaria, the Arch- 
duke of Austria, Philip Augustus of France, and the Prince Royal of Scotland, who, 
disguised as an obscure knight, is the nominal hero. The jealousies and squabbles of 
the generals of Christendom are comic ; but the most humorous scenes are those 
between Richard and his faithful old counsellor, the Lord of Gilsland. 

Woodstock ; or, The Cavalier. 1826 

A Royalist picture of the domination of the Parliament. The scene is the royal demesne of 
Woodstock, to sequestrate which Commissioners have arrived, and are made the butt of 
a series of hoaxes, the royal lodge where they have their quarters being haunted by ghostly 
visitants. The romantic plot has for theme the love of a brave and generous Roundhead 
for the daughter of the keeper of Woodstock Park ; and his considerate behaviour when 
Charles comes as a fugitive after Worcester secures him the bride. Desborough, Harrison, 
Bletson, and Cromwell himself are introduced. Time, 1652 ; but the history quite un- 
trustworthy. 

Chronicles of the Canongate. First Series : The Two Drovers ; The High- 
land Widow. 1827 

The Two Drovers is founded on the actual history of two cattle-dealers, an EngUshman and a 
Scot, bosom friends, who quarrel over a petty difference, and the insulted Highlander stabs 
his comrade (1795). The Highland Widow is the story of a mother who causes her son 
to exceed his furlough, with the result that he is shot. 

The Surgeon's Daughter. 1827 

A melodramatic story said to be founded on fact. Scenes : Fifeshire and India (1780). 

The Fair Maid of Perth ; or, St. Valentine's Day. 1828 

Scotland in 1402, the time of Robert III ; a picture full of action and strife, the fierce dis- 
sensions of nobles, and the feuds of unruly clans. Perth and the vicinity are the scene, 
and one of the most memorable episodes is the Homeric battle on the South Inch between 
the Clans Chattan and Quhele. 

My Aunt Margaret's Mirror ; The Tapestried Chamber, or The Lady in the 

Sacque ; and the Death of The Laird's Jock. 1828 

The Mirror discloses a husband's infidelity (1702). The Tapestried Chamber is a ghost 
story; scene, a castle in the West of England (1782). The Laird's Jock is an episode of 
border strife — an old warrior dies of shame at witnessing the defeat of his son and the 
loss of an ancient sword, inherited from his ancestors (period, 1600). 

34 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER 
Scott, Sir Walter {continued). — Anne of Geierstein ; or, The Maiden of the Mist. 1829 

Embodies the story of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and the heroic Switzers who 
routed him at Nancy. The feudal magnificence of the Burgundian court is thrown into- 
picturesque contrast with the simple and hardy life of the mountaineers. Many romantic 
personages who lived about 1474-7 ^^^ introduced: Queen Margaret of Anjou, the 
troubadour King Ren6 of Provence, Charles the Bold, the merchant-earl of Oxford, and 
the secret tribunal the Vehmgericht. Oxford's son, the hero, weds a Swiss maiden. 

Count Robert of Paris. 1831 

A product of Scott's decadence ; subject: the brawls which ensued when the paladins of the 
First Crusade sojourned in Constantinople (1098). Alexander Comnenus the Emperor, 
Godfrey de Bouillon, and Count Robert, of the blood of Charlemagne, are among the 
leading characters, and the hero is an Englishman in the Emperor's bodyguard. 



Castle Dangerous. 1831 

Founded on Barbour's Brus and Hume's History of the House of Douglas and Angus. The 
story of the Ayrshire castle of the Black Douglas (1306-7), which was taken and retaken 
many times during the war of Scottish independence. 

[{a) Macmillan & Co. : (Border Edn., ed. by A. Lang), 24 vols., with 250 etchings, ea. 6s., 
1901 ; a reprint of the edn. pub. by Nimmo (1892-4). (b) Educ. Book Co. (Fine-Art 
Edn.), illustrated, 28 vols., 8vo, 74s., 1910 ; (Pocket Edn.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. n. (80c.), id. 
Follows the arrangement of the Border Edn. except that Betrothed and Talisman are in 
separate volumes, (c) A. & C. Black : (Dryburgh Edn.), 25 vols., with 250 photogravure 
plates, ea. 3s. 6d., 1899; more fully illustrated, 5s. ($1.25, Macmillan, New York), 1892-3 ; 
(Roxburghe Edn.), 48 vols., with 96 steel plates and 1600 cuts, ea. 2s. 6d., 1885 ; (Standard 
Edn.), 25 vols., with frontispiece to ea. vol., ea. 2s. 6d. ;- (Centenary Edn.), 25 vols., with 
158 steel plates, ea. 3s. 6d. (the set, $31.25, Baker & Taylor, New York), 1889-90; (Half- 
crown Edn., reissue of Centenary Edn., with steel front, to ea. vol., ea. 2s. 6d., 1881) ; 
(Soho Edn.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. 6d. ; (Victoria Edn.), 25 vols., with front, to ea. vol., ea. 
IS. 6d. (25 vols., $25, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1897; (Sixpenny Edn.), ea. novel in i 
vol. (double columns), 6d., cloth is. (d) J. M. Dent & Co. : (Temple Edn.), 48 vols., 
with bibhographical introductions, with front, to ea. vol., ea. is. 6d. n. (45c. n., Dutton, 
New York), 1898-9. (e) Constable & Co. : (Reprint of the Favourite Edn.), 48 vols., 
with the original steel plates and vignettes (re-engraved), ea. is. 6d. n., 1895-6. {/)< 
Nelson : (New Century Lib.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. n., 1900-1. (g) T. Fisher Unwin : (Cen- 
tury Edn.), 25 vols., ea. with collotype front., ea. is., 1898.] 

Shelley, Mrs. Mary WoUstonecraft [nee Godwin ; 1797-1851]. Frankenstein ; 
or. The Modem Prometheus. 1818 

Was the best of the three tales of mystery and horror written in friendly competition by 
Shelley, Byron, and Mrs. Shelley at Geneva in 1816. It is a ghastly extravaganza, built 
up on the idea of a monster created on pseudo-scientific principles, and endowed with 
life, by a young German, whom the monster forthwith turns upon and keeps in an.xiety 
and torment. [3s. 6d., Gibbings, 1896; is., Routledge, 1882 (75c., Dutton, New York).] 

Strutt, Joseph [1749-1802]. Queen-hoo Hall. 1808 

Strutt was a learned antiquarian who, disgusted by the anachronisms of the Radcliffian 
romancers, undertook to show how an historical story should be written. The work is 
full of archaeological lore, and the speech and manners of the fifteenth century are repro- 
duced accurately, without much hfe. Scott completed the book and prepared it for 
pubUcation. [o.p.] 

Warburton, B. E. G, Darien ; or. The Merchant Prince. 1825 

William Paterson and the Darien Scheme (1698). [5s., Hurst & Blackett ; 50c., Harj^er, 
New York.] 

Wilson, John [" Christopher North " ; 1785-1854]. Lights and Shadows of Scot- 
tish Life. 1822 

Twenty- four tales and sketches, avowedly not realistic, very sentimental in tone and abounding 
in pathos. Many word-paintings of Scottish scenery in the manner of the Recreations ojf 
Christopher North, but more restrained. Best known is The Trials of Margaret Lyndsay. 
[The last separately, is., Cassell ; the whole collection, 4s., Blackwood ; 75c., Claxton. 
Philadelphia.] 

35 



ENGLISH FICTION 

NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER— 1826-1850 

Aguilar, Grace [1816-47]. The Days of Bruce. 1834 

A tale of the Scottish war of independence (temp. Edward II), in the heroical style, offer- 
ing in the three women feminine ideahzations of lofty fortitude, over-confidence, and 
tender innocence overwhelmed by the violence of a revolutionary era. [3s. 6d., 2s., 
IS. 6d., Routledge ($2, $1, Dutton, New York); with introd. by W. Jerrold, ill. by 
Robinson, 5s. n.. Dent.] 

The Vale of Cedars ; or, The Martyr [juvenile]. 1850 



Persecution of the Jews in Spain (1492). [3s. 6d., 2s., is. 6d., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New 
York).] 

AiNSWORTH, William Harrison [1805-82]. Rookwood. 1834 

A Gothic romance, the career of Dick Turpin the highwayman (1705-39); the story of his 
famous ride to York probably applies more accurately to Swift Dick Nevinson (1676). 
[is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr Edn., 8vo, 5s., Rout- 
ledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

Jack Sheppard. 1839 

A tale of criminal life more realistic, less romantic, than Rookwood. An idealization of roguery 
that, like Lytton's Paul Clifford, has been frequently condemned for immoral tendency 
(1703-24). [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., 
Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

The Tower of London. 1840 

Quite a product of Mrs. Radcliffe's art, with scenes of broad comedy added. The historical 
matter is the tragic story of Lady Jane Grey's hopeless conspiracy and execution (1553-4). 
Old London with its picturesque antiquities furnishes the theatre of these events, [is. 6d., 
2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge 
($2, Dutton, New York).] 

Old St. Paul's. 1841 

History of a London grocer and his family during the years of the Plague and the Fire 
(1665-6) ; rich in local and historical colour ; founded on a rare narrative said to be 
written by Defoe, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. 
Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

Guy Fawkes ; or, The Gunpowder Treason. 1841 

[2S., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge 
($2, Dutton, New York).] 

The Miser's Daughter. 1842 

A lurid, thoroughly Radcliffian story, written to show the evils of avarice. The life of the 
coffee-houses, of Ranelagh and Vauxhall, is depicted in the course of a young man's 
adventures about town (c. 1744). [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). 
Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

Windsor Castle. 1843 

The Earl of Surrey and Fair Geraldine, Heme the Hunter, Cardinal Wolsey, Henry VIII, 
and two of his wives, Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour, are the personages whose well- 
known stories are woven together in this romance, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, 
New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 

St. James's ; or, The Court of Queen Anne. 1844 



Marlborough plays a conspicuois p'rt. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] 
— The Lancashire Witches. 1848 

A romance of Pendle Forest, deaUng with trials for witchcraft at Lancaster in 1612, embodying 
the story of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) in the introduction. Contains plenty of 
topographical history dealing with Lancashire, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, 
New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo. 5s., Routledge (|2, Dutton, New York).] 

36 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

AiNSWORTH, William Harrison (continued). — The Star Chamber. 1854 

Trial of Sir James Mompesson (162 1) ; an inferior work. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New 
York). Original Illustr. Edit., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton. New York).] 

Mervyn Clitheroe. 1857 

Manchester in 1820. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] 

Ovingdean Grange. i860 

A tale of the South Downs, old Brighthelmstone, etc., and the escape of Charles II. [2s., 
Routledge {75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, 
Dutton, New York).] 

The Constable of the Tower. 1861 

Fall of the Protector Somerset (1549-52). [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton. New York).] 

Cardinal Pole; or, The Days of Philip and Mary. 1863 



The marriage business {1554). [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

— The South Sea Bubble. 1868 
1720. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

— Boscobel ; or, The Royal Oak. 1872 



Prince Charles's escape after Worcester, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). 
Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 



— The Leaguer of Lathom. 1876 

The war in Lancashire ; siege of Manchester ; and the Earl of Derby's exploits (1642-51). 
[3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

— Preston Fight. 1877 



The Jacobite rebellion of 171 5, described in a painstaking manner, along with a conventional 
love plot, of which Lord Derwentwater is the central figure. A characteristic example 
of Ainsworth's later works. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] 

Bray, Anna Eliza [n^e Kempe ; 1790-1883]. The White Hoods. 1828 

A novel, readable to children, describing the revolt of the citizens of Ghent (1380-2), the 
deeds of Philip van Artevelde, etc. [3s. 6d., Chapman, 1884.] 

Romances of the West. 1845-6 

Fitz of Fitz-Ford ; Warleigh ; Courtenay of Walreddon ; Henry de Pomeroy ; Hartland Forest ; 
Trelawny of Trelawne. Romances of the chief families of Devon and Cornwall, founded on 
the local antiquities, legends, and domestic annals. Robert Southey suggested this method 
of composition to Mrs. Bray, who had married the vicar of Tavistock. Longman pubUshed 
her romances in 10 vols., 1845-6. [Each 3s. 6d., Chapman, 1884.] 

The Protestant. 1828 



Deals with the persecution of the Protestants under Mary (c. 1556-8). At the time of its 
appearance, in the days of Catholic Emancipation, it made great stir. [3s. 6d., Chapman, 
1884.] 

Banim, John [1798-1842]. The Fetches. 1825 

Second of the O'Hara Tales, a series of novels planned with his brother Michael to do for 
Ireland what the Waverley novels had done for Scotland. They further proposed, " To 
insinuate, through fiction, the causes of Irish discontent, and to insinuate also that if crime 
were consequent on discontent it was no great wonder ; the conclusion to be arrived 
at by the reader, not by insisting on it on the part of the author, but from sympathy with 
the criminals." This is a characteristically sombre tale of superstition acting upon morbid 
imaginations. The Fetches are spirits that appear to the friends and kinsfolk of jieople 
about to die. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] 

37 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Banim, John {continued). — The Boyne Water. 1826 

A very fine historical novel of the Jacobite and Williamite wars, the political and military his- 
tory carefully elucidated — from the Catholic point of view — and the two kings, Sarsfield 
and other generals, and minor characters of the period (1685-gi) vividly portrayed. 
Fine descriptions of the wild coasts of Antrim, and of the battle of the Boyne and 
siege of Limerick. [2s. 6d., Dufify, Dublin.] 

The Nowlans. 1826 

A grim and painful story recounting the temptation and fall and the subsequent repentance 
of a young priest. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] 

The Denounced ; or, The Last Baron of Crena. 1826 

The troubles of two Roman Catholic famiUes after the Treaty of Limerick (c. 1696), their 
persecutions by the Protestants, the doings of the Rapparees, etc. [Duflty, Dublin : o.p.] 

Banim, Michael [1796-1874]. Crohoore and the Bill-hook. 1825 

One of the most popular of the O'Hara Tales. A tragical story of the Whiteboys, in the times 
{1815-25) when the unfortunate peasantry, wrung by the persecutions of tithe-proctors 
and penal laws, retaliated most savagely in the crimes of the secret societies. Kilkenny 
and neighbourhood are the scenes. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] 

The Ghost Hunter and his Family. 1833 

A comphcated mystery novel of the usual melodramatic type, with good pictures of everyday 
life in Banim's native town.. Kilkenny. [Simms and MTntyre: o.p. ; 75 c, P. J. Kenedy, 
New York.] 

The Bit o' Writing. 1838 

A collection of twenty stories, the title-piece showing the humorous side of Banim at his best 
and an admirable picture of peasant life. [Kenedy, New York; Title-story, with The 
Ace of Clubs, 6d., Gill, 1886; is. 6d., Simpkin, 1886-9.] 

The Town of Cascades. 1864 

Sets forth the dire consequences of intemperance among the peasantry in County Clare ; the 
town is Ennistymon, on its beautiful river-gorge near the west coast. [Chapman : o.p.] 

Banim, John and Michael. John Doe ; or, The Peep o' Day. 1825 

The first of the O'Hara Tales, all but the first chapter written by John Banim. Story of a 
secret brotherhood, the Shanavests, which a young man gets mixed up with through motives of 
revenge (period 1808). [Peep 0' Day ; or, Savourneen Deelish, is., Routledge : o.p.] 

The Croppy. 1828 

A careful version of the history of the 1798 rebellion, from the standpoint of a hberal Irishman, 
who views the horrible doings of his misguided countrymen with mingled pity and con- 
tempt. A lot of conventional novelistic business is thrown in. [2s. 6d. n., Duffy, DubUn.] 



-^ Father Connell. 1840 

A very winning and pathetic character-portrait of a country priest who lays down his life 
for the orphan boy he has befriended. Father Connell was drawn from a priest Banim 
knew well, and other characters from his native Kilkenny and the peasants of the neigh- 
bourhood are sketched with much kindliness and humour. 

Bronte, Anne [" Acton Bell " ; 1820-49]. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. 1848 

Chiefly of biographical interest, giving the mournful story of Branwell Bronte's debased life, 
and meant as a warning example to young people. The homely realism and earnest 
moralizing are a contrast to the transforming imagination of her two sisters. 
Her Agnes Grey (1848) ; with Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, infra. 

Bronte, Charlotte [" Currer Bell " ; 1816-55]. Jane Eyre. 1847 

For Charlotte Bronte's first novel see below — The Professor. This is the autobiography of a 
woman of strong and original character, whose plain face was an innovation among heroines, 
as her love for an ugly and elderly hero indicated a recoil from stereotyped romance. 
Obviously written out of her own inner life ; autobiographical in the passionate expression 

38 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

of personal feeling, of a woman's yearning towards a fuller life, of revolt from social con- 
ventions, unnatural repression of feeling, and narrow religious dogmas. It is one of the 
greatest novels inspired by the theme of self-realization. [Ed. by (Sir) W. Robertson 
Nicoll, with The Moores (a fragment), 6s., Hodder, 1902 : v. also infra.] 

Bronte, Charlotte (continued). — Shirley. 1849 

In Shirley Charlotte Bronte is again autobiographical to a large extent, the external incidents 
revolving round the home life of a Yorkshire millowner who suffers in the riots occasioned 
by the Orders in Council restricting trade during the great French war. Most of the 
characters are drawn from life, the men-folk being p>oorly caricatured and satirized for 
their impermeabiUty to feminine ideas. The proud and passionate Shirley was drawn 
from her sister Emily ; the girl who is her bosom friend was also from life. Pastoral 
and moorland Yorkshire is depicted in emotional colours. 

Villette. 1853 

Also composed largely of personal experiences and observations of life in the Brussels pen- 
sionnat, where Charlotte Bronte spent some years among many singular and not a few 
unpleasant people whose portraits she here puts on record. Lucy Snowe, another embodi- 
ment of her ideal of girlhood and nascent love, and the irascible preceptor, Paul Emanuel, 
are, like Jane and Shirley, " exceptional characters," in the Meredithian sense, beings 
existing on a higher plane of thought and emotion than average humanity. A love-story 
of the same intensely spiritual nature as all the Bronte novels, in which love is the medium 
of the highest self-realisation. 

The Professor. 1857 

A first study for Villette. Scene, the same pensionnat at Brussels, where a pair of un- 
worldly characters, the innocent heroine and the Professor, are attracted by natural 
kinship, and advance from sympathy to love. 

Bronte, Emily Jane [" Ellis Bell " ; 1818-48]. Wuthering Heights. 1847 

A weird drama of love, hate, and revenge, laid amid the sombre dales and fells of moor- 
land Yorkshire ; the chief character, a fierce, elemental nature, in whom both affection 
and hatred grow into fixed ideas, pursuing their objects even beyond the grave. Around 
this terrible figure are a group of men and women, some akin to him in fiery will and 
uncurbed passion, some pitifully weak ; several are drawn with a firm hand and a complete 
knowledge of human nature and also of local manners and speech. Clumsy in workman- 
ship, this strange masterpiece is like a Greek play fitted into the framework of a modern 
novel, with a current of deep poetry that overwhelms the barriers of realism and carries 
us into the limitless sea of elemental feehng and tragic strife. [Works of the Sisters Bronte, 
ed. Clement Shorter, 10 vols., (vol. i : Poetry, 2 : Wuthering Heights), ea. 6s. n., 8vo, Hodder 
(ea. $2, Doran, New York), 1910-11, in progr.; Works, 6 vols., with Life by Mrs. Gaskell 
(vol. vii.), ea. 6s., 2s. 6d., is. 6d., Smith & Elder; Works (Temple Edn.), 12 vols., ca. 
IS. 6d. n., pott 8vo, Dent; Works, with 60 coloured illus. by Edmund Dulac, ea. 2s. 6d. n., 
f'cap 8vo, Dent. Separately: (Everyman's Lib.), is. n., f'cap Svo, Dent (35c. n., Dutton, 
New York); (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), pott Svo, Frowde.] 

Hockley, Wilham Brown. Pandurang Hari. 1826 

The adventurous career of a Hindu in the Deccan early in the 19th century, purporting to be 
a rough-and-ready translation from a native MS. ; full of knowledge of the Mahrattas 
during the anarchy that preceded the British occupation of their country. [With preface 
by Sir Bartle Frere (1875), 2s., Chatto, 1891.] 

Carleton, William [1794-1869]. Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry. Two 
Series. 1830-3 

Carleton called this, and rightly, his greatest work. The plan on which it begins, subsequently 
abandoned, is that the cronies sitting round the fire in Ned McKeown's cabin should tell a 
story apiece. In these short stories and descriptions of the manners and ways and emo- 
tions of the Irish peasants, he serves up the best of his autobiographic material, in the form 
that suited him best and drew out his innate artistic gifts. And so we get a matchless pre- 
sentation of the real hfe of the peasants, their quick temper and variable nature, now 
moody, now gay, capable of the deepest feeling, of fiercely vindictive passions, and of 
crime. He reproduces the brogue and turns of speech with truth and humour. The 
Pifrty Fight and Funeral is a boisterous and spirited narrative ; Phil Purcel the Pig Driver, 

39 



ENGLISH FICTION 

a caricature of a Connaught peasant that has been adopted as typical of Irishmen ; The 
Lianhan Shee and The Midnight Mass show his deep feehng for nature. The Poor Scholar, a 
portrait from life, and Tubber Derg, or the Holy Well, with its " hero beggar," are two touching 
stories. Wildgoose Lodge is a tale of lawless revenge. Others, e.g. Dennis O' Shaughnessy going 
to Maynooth, a comic story of a novice who falls in love, are of a humorous kind. Carleton's 
realism is almost over-faithful in detail, yet by no means free from caricature and exaggera- 
tion. He said of his Lough Derg Pilgrim, " It resembles a coloured photograph more than 
anything else." Carleton had none of the popular and brilliant comedy of Lever, or his 
fertihty in farcical character ; but his insight into the Irish mind and temperament, his 
knowledge of Irish traditions, thoughts, manners, idiosyncrasies, was enormously deeper. 
From Lever we get the amusing Irishman, the stage buffoon ; from Carleton a numerous 
gallery of authentic types, peasants drawn by one who was himself a peasant, and gifted 
with what he called an extraordinary power of unconscious observation and a tenacious 
memory. [Complete, 3s. 6d., Routledge ($1.50, Button, New York) ; 4 vols., illustrated, 
14s. n.. Dent.] 

Carleton, William {continued). — Fardarougha the Miser ; or, The Convicts of 
Lisnamona. 1839 

A well-constructed story dealing tragically with the passion of avarice. Fardarougha has been 
compared with Balzac's Pere Grandet. The emotional struggle between avarice and 
parental love brings in scenes of intense sorrow and gloom. Honour, the wife, is a beautiful 
portrait of an Irishwoman, and is said to be drawn from Carleton's own loved mother. 
[Ed. D. J. O'Donoghue, is., Downey, o.p. ; 50c., Haverty, New York.] 

Valentine McClutchy, the Irish Land Agent. 1845 

A passionate indictment of the tyranny and rapacity of land agents, the evils of non-residence, 
the hypocrisy of canting attorneys who hang on to the landlord class, the violence of the 
Orange faction, and the partisanship of juries. Contains terrible scenes of eviction and the 
like — unquestionably charged with memories of a cruel outrage perpetrated on Carleton's 
father — with many droll situations, [is. 6d. n., Duffy, Dublin ; I1.50, Sadlier, New York.] 

Paddy-go-Easy and his wife Nancy. 1845 

Sketches an easy-going, reckless, good-for-nothing peasant — not a fair example of the species — 
with much raciness and humour, [is., Dufify, Dublin.] 

Rody the Rover. 1845 

Rody is an agent of the Ribbonites, who are painted as a set of rascals and spies (c. 1820-40). 
[IS., Duffy, DubUn.] 

Art Maguire ; or, The Broken Pledge. 1847 

A temperance story — the downward career of a man utterly ruined by drink. [15c., Sadlier, 
New York.] 

The Black Prophet : a Tale of the Irish Famine. 1847 

Probably his first regular novel, rich in strong studies of female character. Written amid the 
trials and sufferings of a terrible famine (1846-7), the record of an earlier visitation Carleton 
had himself passed through, and of the typhus epidemic of 1817 — a tragic testimony to 
the endurance and devotion of the Irish people. [3s. 6d., Lawrence and Bullen, 1899, o.p. ; 
$1.50, Sadlier, New York.] 

The Emigrants of Ahadarra. 1847 

Contains some of his bitterest scenes of sorrow and anguish, with pen portraits from the life, 
e.g. the old patriarch, Dora McMahon, the Burkes, and the Hogans. [is., Routledge; in 
Works, 10 vols., $15, Sadlier, New York.] 

The Tithe- Proctor. 1849 

A rancorous and perverted study of the anti-tithe campaign, [is., Duffy, Dublin.] 

The Squanders of Castle Squander. 1852 

" An attempt to portray the life of the gentry, a task for which Carleton was imperfectly 
qualified." An acrid and unpleasing story, feebly mimicking Lever's jovial style, [o.p.] 

4c 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Carleton, William (continued). — The Poor Scholar ; and other Tales. 

A selection of nine of Carleton's last stories, the title-story one of his most touching, [is., 
Duffy, Dublin.] 

Willie Reilly and his Dear Colleen Bawn. 1855 

A story based on a popular legend of Ulster, which had been told in countless ballads and in 
artless prose. A poor example of Carleton's work. Tells with more romance than realism 
of the days (1745-52) when the priests were persecuted and hunted, and a Catholic lover 
had small chance of wedding a Protestant heiress. [With introduction by E. A. Baker 
(Half-forgotten books), 1904, 2s., Routledge.] 

Chamier, Capt. Frederick [1796-1870]. Ben Brace of Nelson's "Agamemnon." 1835 

Ben Brace's autobiography is really a study of Allen, Nelson's faithful servant. Forms a 
naval history^ of the wars from 1797-1816. An imitation of Captain Marryat. [Ed. E. A. 
Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 1905, 2S., Routledge.] 

The Life of a Sailor. 1834 

The Saucy Arethusa. 1836 



Jack Adams. 1838 

Similar nautical stories of the great wars. Chamier saw service in the American War of 1812 
and later, but his knowledge of the earlier period was based on investigations for his 
continuation of James's Naval History. [All o.p. except Saucy Arethusa, 6d., Warne.] 

Tom Bowling : a Tale of the Sea. 1839 

A composite portrait, based on the histories of a famous captain of a frigate, Richard Bowen, 
and of Nelson's flag-captain. Hardy, with others. Capture of Martinique, seizure of the 
Cape, and action off Algeciras in 1801. Chiefly concerned with 1794-5. [Ed. E. A. Baker 
(Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge, 1905.] 

CoBBOLD, Richard. The History of Margaret Catchpole. 1845 

The story of an actual Suffolk woman (1773-1841), who was imprisoned for horse-stealing, 
broke gaol, and was transported, afterwards marrying and living at Sydney till her death. 
[is. n. (40c.) (World's Classics), Frowde.] 

CocKTON, Henr>' [1807-53]. Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist. 1840 

By means of hi|^ ventriloquial gifts, the hero perpetrates enormous practical jests that beget 
scenes of screaming farce. These, with his love affairs, satirical sketches of London hfe, 
and some sensational episodes, such as that of a man immured in a lunatic asylum and 
deliberately driven mad by torture, make up a lengthy novel of the Pierce Egan and 
Pickwick variety. To a certain extent it is a novel of purpose, and is said to have brought 
about a revision of the lunacy laws. [2s., Routledge ; $1, Dutton, New York.] 

Sylvester Sound, the Somnambulist. 1844 

A weak attempt to follow up the success of the former book. [2s., Routledge ; $1, Dutton, 
New York.] 

Croly, George [1780-1860]. Salathiel, the Immortal : a History. 1827 

An impressive example of Gothic romance, on the old theme of the Wandering Jew, embellished 
with oriental scenery and oriental grandiloquence. [Republished under title Tarry Thou 
Till I Come, $1.40 n. (6s. n.). Funk & Wagnalls ; 60c., Hurst, New York.] 

Crowe, Catherine [nee Stevens ; 1800-76]. Susan Hopley ; or, The Adventures of 
a ]VIaid-servant. 1841 

The maid-servant eventually turns out to be a colonel's daughter, though she lives many years 
as a household drudge. To the domestic story is added plot-interest in the murder of Susan's 
brother and the events that enable her to convict the murderer. [6d., Routledge, 1883 : 
o.p.] 

41 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Crowe, Catherine {continued). — Lilly Dawson. 1847 

Brought up in a family of smugglers, the heroine runs away, and after a hard life comes across 
her relations, gentlefolk. She will not be a fine lady, however, and marries the lover of her 
humbler days. The author protests against the inferior education given to women, and 
points out the quahties in which women surpass men. [is., Routledge, 1878 : o.p.] 



— The Night Side of Nature. 1848 

A collection of stories and anecdotes of ghosts, apparitions, warnings, trances, haunted houses, 
etc., asserted to be facts, but derived from all kinds of veracious or doubtful sources. 
[Edited by E. A. Baker (Half- forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge.] 

— Linny Lockwood. 1854 



Like Lilly Dawson, a fair example of domestic fiction, with a plot like that of East Lynne. 
Betrayed by her husband, Linny finds herself the servant of his deserted mistress, whom 
she nurses on her death-bed. [o.p.] 

De Quincey, Thomas [1785-1859]. Klosterheim ; or, The Masque. 1832 

A Radcliffian story of the turbulent period in the Thirty Years' War preceding the Imperialist 
victory of Nordlingen (1633-4). -^ tyrannical Landgrave, allied with the Swedes; the 
Catholic Klosterheimers, gallantly aiding the other side ; and a mysterious apparition 
who discomfits the Landgrave in his own palace, and afterwards turns out to be the rightful 
ruler, are the dramatis persones. [In his Collected Writings (14 vols.), vol. xii., 2s. 6d., 
Black, 1896.] 

The Incognito ; or. Count Fitzhum (1824). The King of Hayti (1823). The 

Dice (1823). The Fatal Marksman (1823). The Avenger (1838). 

The first two are humorous tales, the third a tale of necromancy and devilry, all from the 
German. The Fatal Marksman is a version of the German story made familiar by Weber's 
opera Der Freischiitz ; The A venger, a sensational story of a series of murders, ultimately 
proved to have been the deliberate work of a wealthy young gentleman of Jewish extraction. 
It is much in the style of the author's Murder considered as one of the Fine Arts, with its 
sensational appendix. [In his Collected Writings (14 vols.), vols, xii., xiii., each 2s. 6d., 
Black, 1896-7.] 

Dickens, Charles [1812-70]. Sketches by Boz. 1836-7 

Random sketches and episodes drawn from life in London among the poor and the lower 
middle classes. Manners are portrayed with vivid truth or recognizable caricature, but 
the great things are such humorous extravaganzas as the " Election for Beadle." Dickens 
is the novelist of the lower classes as Thackeray is of the upper ten, but there is a profound 
distinction between these two great comic artists. Though Dickens gives a faithful 
picture of the surroundings and the conditions of life in the middle period of last century, 
he is anything but a realist in the more important sphere of human character. Thackeray 
was a satirical realist : Dickens's genius was essentially humorous and fantastic. He used 
human nature as material for creative work ; and a poetic imagination found full scope, 
not only in fantasies like The Chimes and A Christmas Carol, but in grotesque beings like 
Quilp, Mrs. Gamp, the Wellers, and Mr. Micawber. He has few affinities in English 
literature, unless it be Sterne and Smollett, both in different ways. This creative and 
transforming impulse of his is shown from the beginning. 

The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. 1837 

Here we have exuberant fancy, and an imagination richly stored with human material collected 
in his early experiences in the streets of London, at work on the random scheme of ad- 
venture with which Pierce Egan and Theodore Hook had amused people a decade before. 
An absurd club sends four members on a journey of research through England ; the four 
meet with an immense profusion of comic adventures and curious people, many of whom 
add to the entertainment by telling their stories. Among the host of characters drawn 
from every nook and comer of London and provincial life stand out conspicuously Mr. 
Pickwick, Sam Weller and his sire, the fat boy, Mrs. Bardell, and many others whose 
idiosyncrasies are as indelibly fixed in our minds as are the chief creations of Shakespeare. 

The Adventures of Oliver Twist. 1838 

A dramatic plot combining the fortunes of a poor boy, brought up in a workhouse, with the 
misdeeds and the punishment of a gang of thieves. As a picture of the criminal clzisses 

42 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

showing the burglar, the pickpocket, and the coiner in their dens and the poor in their 
slums, the book is worthy of Defoe. Bill Sikes is a hideous portrait of a complete scoundrel, 
a product of our penal system ; and the Jew, Fagin, is a companion picture. The comic 
passages give us such humorous creations as Mr. Bumble, the Artful Dodger, and Charlie 
Bates. 

Dickens, Charles {continued). — Nicholas Nickleby. 1839 

This too has a melodramatic plot, of which the mainspring is the antagonism of the good 
Nicholas and his bad uncle, the usurious Ralph Nickleby. And again the strength of the 
book is in the numerous comic characters, incidents, and situations — the Mantalinis, the 
Squeers family and their detestable school, Dotheboys Hall, the Cheerybles, Mr. Vincent 
Crummies, and Mrs. Nickleby. The tale somewhat resembles Smollett's picaresque 
narratives. 

The Old Curiosity Shop. 1840-1 

Combines diverse elements — the sentimental idyll in which the etherealized and pathetic Little 
Nell and her grandfather are protagonists ; the light comedy in which figure those sportive 
creations Dick Swiveller and the Marchioness, and Kit Nubbles ; and the gloomy grotesque 
of Quilp and his doings. People in those days enjoyed the mawkish sentiment and the 
semi-poetic rhapsody of the idyllic part. 

Bamaby Rudge. 1 840-1 

An historical novel giving a lurid tableau of the orgies and incendiarism of the " No Popery " 
riots in 1780. Lord George Gordon is an actor, and the principal events are founded on 
fact. Intertwined is a private story with some characteristic traits, e.g. in the Vardens, 
the Willets, Miss Miggs, and Simon Tappertit. 

Christmas Books. 1843-8 

Little tales written for Christmas, in which realism and fantasy are mingled, kindliness and 
love for the poor being the dominant theme. A Christinas Carol makes its ghostly appeal 
to the hard old miser, and The Chimes is a variation of the same motive. The Cricket on 
the Hearth is an idyll of home life ; The Battle of Life, an imaginative deliverance on 
resignation ; and The Haunted Man, a fairy tale having the beauty of kindness for its 
moral. 

Martin Chuzzlewit. 1844 

A novel of multifarious scope, containing comedy, caricature, farce, melodrama, and tragedy ; 
shifting from England to America and back again. The selfish family of the Chuzzlewits 
are technically the central interest in what plot there is, and the regeneration of young 
Martin may be regarded as the moral motive. But the characters are as richly varied as 
the incidents, and comprise such epitomes of human nature's tricks and foibles as Mr. 
Pecksniff and Mark Tapley, Tom Pinch, Mrs. Todgers, the Hon. Elijah Pogram, Betsey 
Prig, and the immortal Sairey Gamp, whose wonderful patter, gliding naturally into blank 
verse, shows the grotesque imagination of Dickens at the height of its power. The 
American interludes betray animus, and were so taken across the Atlantic. 

Dombey and Son, ■ 1848 



Designed to fulfil a moral purpose, viz. to anatomize Pride, and illustrate its strength and its 
weakness. Slenderly attached to the main story, in which this idea is developed, is the 
pathetic episode of little Paul Dombey's invalid life and death. Hence the historj- of Mr. 
Dombey moves on to his business failure and the chastening of his pride, the seriousness 
being hghtened by the humours of Mrs. Chick and Miss To.x, the Toodles family, Mrs. 
Pipchin, Dr. Blimber, Captain Cuttle, Mrs. MacStinger, and Mr. Toots. 

— David Copperfield. 1850 



Of considerable interest as autobiography and self-revelation, telling something of the pathetic 
story of his own early struggles, and setting down other cherished memories. David's 
hard youth, the sentimental idyll of his first marriage and the firmer happiness of his 
union with Agnes, are the connecting thread among varied episodes and eccentric, humor- 
ous, and lovable characters. An episode of seduction brings in the melodramatic. Miss 
Betsey Trotwood, Barkis, Micawber, the Peggottys, Mr. Dick, and Tommy Traddles are 
among the pleasing grotesques ; the sanctimonious villain, Uriah Heep, is one of the 
repulsive. 

43 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Dickens, Charles {continued). — Bleak House. i853 

A plot-novel with two chief threads, a proud lady's expiation of a sin done in youth and the 
humorous chronicle of a huge and interminable lawsuit. Connected wth these are a 
crowd of personages — the hero Carstone, Poor Jo, Mrs. Jellyby the philanthropist, 
Mr. Turveydrop, the Bagnets, Guppy, and two sketches from life, Boythorn and Harold 
Skimpole (Savage Landor and Leigh Hunt). 

Hard Times. 1854 

A tract-novel inspired by Carlyle's Philosophical Radicalism — a protest against tyrannous 

utilitarianism and political economy divorced from human feeling. The stage is a hideous 
manufacturing town created by the two apostles of fact, Gradgrind and Bounderby, and 
the drama is chiefly enacted by Gradgrind's children, brought up on facts, and ruined 
spiritually by the complete neglect of sympathy and sentiment. 

Little Dorrit. 1857 

Satirizes the Civil Service under the style of the Circumlocution Office. Also pictures prison 

life, Little Dorrit's father being Father of the Marshalsea. The melodramatic element 
appears in the history of the House of Clennam ; with the usual complement of originals 
like Mr. F.'s Aunt, the Meagles, and Pancks. 

A Tale of Two Cities. 1859 

An historical novel inspired by Carlyle's French Revolution, the style of which it constantly 

• echoes. A powerful, melodramatic story of the Reign of Terror (1789-94), leading up to 
the famous scene of Sydney Carton's self-immolation at the guillotine, now well known 
on the boards. 

Great Expectations. 1861 

An excellent tale for children ; the story of poor Pip has touching chapters, and there are 

several characters akin to those of Dickens's best period, e.g. Joe Gargery and Miss 
Havisham. The Thames marshes furnish a sombre background. 

Our Mutual Friend. 1865 

A complicated story, with a few minor figures, like Boffin and Wegg, having the characteristic 

stamp. 

Christmas Stories. 1854-67 

Chiefly minor miscellaneous stories and sketches contributed to the Christmas numbers of 

Household Words. The Seven Poor Travellers, The Holly Tree, and Mugby Junction are 
sketches of travelling, inns, old-fashioned hostelries, etc. Somebody's Luggage is a dis- 
course on waiters, and Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings, a characteristic picture of London lodging- 
house life. 

The Mystery of Edwin Drood. 1870 

An unfinished melodrama centring in a mysterious murder and enacted amid the picturesque 

closes and cathedral buildings of old Rochester (Cloisterham) , with scenes in an opium den 
in Shadwell. The scenic elements create a deep impression of gloom and tragedy, and the 
plot is an excellent piece of construction. Contains some characteristic types of villainy 
and passion, and some grotesquely humorous figures, who at least reflect the creations of 
his best period. 

[Editions of Dickens's Works, published by Chapman & Hall : — 

(a) Library Editions: 8vo, with the original illustrations (National Edn.), 40 vols., Svo, each 
los. 6d. n. (1906-7) (sold in sets only). Illustrated Lib. Edn., 30 vols., each los., 1873-6; 
(Library Edn.), 30 vols., each 8s., 1876-8. (Authentic Edn.), 21 vols., each 5s., sq. cr. Svo, 
1890. (Gadshill Edn.), 34 vols., sq. cr. Svo, each 6s. 

Chapman & Hall are al.so the English agents for the Autograph Edn. of Dickens's complete 
writings, ed. F. G. Kitton, in 56 vols., in course of pubn., by Sprout, of New York (only 
250 sets printed), each vol. £6 n. An edn., edited by A. J. Hammerton and illustrated by 
Harry Fumiss, is published by the Educational Book Co. (1910) at ^5 n. 

(fe) Smaller Editions : (Crown Edn.), 17 vols., Ige. cr. Svo, each 5s., 1890; (Biographical Edn.), 
19 vols., cr. Svo, each 3s. 6d. ; (Charles Dickens Edn.), 21 vols., cr. Svo, each 3s. 6d. or 4s., 
1877-80 ; (Oxford India Paper Edn.), 17 vols., cr. Svo, each 2s. 6d. n. ; (Half-crown Edn.), 
21 vols., each 2s. 6d., cr. Svo, 1892 ; (Fireside Edn.), 22 vols., cr. Svo, each is. 6d. n. or 
2s. n. ; (Cabinet Edn.), 32 vols., each with 8 illus., each is. 6d., 1888-9 ; (Shilling Edn.), 
-?T vols . each is. ; (Pocket Edn.), 30 vols., 45s. the set, 1S79. 

(c) By other Publishers : illust., in 20 vols. ; {Gt. Expectns. and Hard Times in i vol.. Tale of 
Two Cities and Drood in i vol.), ea. vol. 3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan. (New Century Lib.), 
15 vols., ea. 2s. n.. Nelson; (Temple Edn.), 34 vols., each is. 6d. n.. Dent. Dickens 

44 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Dictionary, ed. by G. A. Pierce and W. A. Wheeler, gives a key to the characters and 
principzd incidents in the novels, 5s., Chapman & Hall, 1878. The Dickens Dictionary, 
by A. J. Phihp, is a similar work, dealing with the characters, localities, etc., of the novels 
and miscellaneous works, alphabetically arranged, 8s. 6d. n., 8vo, Routledge ($3 n., 
Dutton, New York), 1909; the Dickens Concordance: a compendium of names and 
characters and principal places mentioned in all the works of Dickens, ed. by Mary 
Williams, 3s. 6d. n., Griffiths, 1907.] 

Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield [1804--81]. Vivian Grey. 1826 

An incoherent and fantastic sketch, much hke Lytton's Pelham, prefiguring with its burlesque 
and persiflage the lighter elements of Disraeli's mature novels of political life. It recounts 
the youth of a dandy and adventurer, who makes himself the favourite of a marquis and 
engineers a new party, but is caught intriguing and ends his career. Said to owe its 
idea to the attempted cabal of the Duke of York and the Marquis of Hertford against 
Canning on the Catholic question. Disraeli's novels show kindred qualities in literature 
to the forces that took him to the top in his political career — brilliance of intellect, far- 
sighted views, and a love of theatrical effect, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman ; edited with 
biogr. introd. by Lucien Wolf (a very luminous one), 2 vols., 7s. n., De la More Press, 
1904; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Brimley Johnson, 1904, o.p. ; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. 
n. (50c. n.), Lane.] 

Contarini Fleming. 1832 

A minor work reflecting Disraeli's poetical ambitions of this period. Contarini would fain 

be a poet, but his worldly-wise father dissuades. A psychological biography of a soul's 
development, with his adventures in quest of his destiny, and idealized pictures of travel ; 
already betraying Disraeli's Oriental proclivities, [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman, 1881 ; Pocket 
Edn., IS. 6d. n, (50c. n.). Lane.] 

Alrov (1833). Ixion in Heaven (1833). The Infernal Marriage (1833). Popa- 

nilla (1828). . 

Alroy is a wild Oriental romance of the days of the Jewish captivity ; Ixion recounts in 
burlesque fashion the old legends of Juno and Jove's eternal vengeance, with droll 
admixture of mundane foibles and elaborate etiquette, and with a side reference to 
Disraeli's own ambitions. The Infernal Marriage (of Proserpine with the king of Hades) 
satirizes the modem " marriage for an establishment." Elysium is a caricature of high 
society, its luxuries, idleness, and scandals. Popanilla is a good-humoured GuUiverian 
satire on the British constitution. The Captain, bom and bred on a primitive island, 
comes to England, and is introduced to artificial society. [In i vol., 2s. (60c.), Longman ; 
(i), (2), (3), and Count Alarcos (Pocket Edn.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane.] 

Henrietta Temple. 1837 

A passionate love tale ; the hero is engaged to an heiress who is to save his estates from 

ruin, but falls in love with the beautiful Henrietta. Contains a little of Disraeli's peculiar 
comedy, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (soc. n.). Lane.] 

Coningsby ; or, The New Generation. 1844 

Disraeli had now entered Parliament and this novel and the two that follow are much more 

than novels. Coningsby is a political manifesto with a practical aim, to furnish a por- 
gramme for the Young England party. Coningsby is the grandson of a profligate marquis 
— an actual portrait. His friendships, his social experiences and entry into political 
life entail a review of the political condition of England (1832-34), and criticism of the 
misgovemment and undefined principles of the Tories under Peel and their anti-reform 
manoeuvres. Tory underlings, toadies and political humbugs are caricatured. Sidonia, 
the great Jew financier, represents Disraeli's Hebrew enthusiasms; Rigby is the Right 
Hon. J. W. Croker ; the Marquis of Monmouth is probably Lord Hertford (Thackeray's 
Steyne), and Lord Henry Sidney is Lord George ^Ianners, afterwards Duke of Rutland; 
[is. 6d. (60c.), Longman; 2s. 6d., Blackie ; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Johnson, 
1904, o.p. ; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (50c. n.), Lane.] 

Sybil ; or, The Two Nations. 1845 

One of our earliest serious social studies of the two great classes, the rich and the poor, from 

the practical standpoint of a politician. Compares the miserable conditions of the people, 
reduced by the tyranny of wealth to slavery, starvation, vice, and infanticide, with 
the kindlier life of the Middle Ages. This is the real problem for any political party that 
is to endure. Pungent satire of aristocratic and political tinkers. Romantic interest is 
supplied by the love of a nobleman for a Chartist's daughter. Barrow Bridge near Bolton. 
Lanes., is the model village described, [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman ; e<i. B. N. Langdon- 
Davies, 5s. n., Johnson, 1904, o.p.; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (500. n.), Lane.] 

45 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Disraeli, Benjamin {continued). — Tancred ; or, The New Crusade. 1847 

Last part of what Disraeli called "a real Trilogy." A fantastic story in Disraeli's most theatrical 
style, relating how the heir to a dukedom, after sundry adventures in patrician society, 
related with plenty of satire, goes in quest of light to the Holy Land, where in a trance it 
is revealed to him that the regeneration of Christendom must come from a new Anglican 
Christianity refined by Judaism. The end fantastic and abrupt, and the meaning vague. 
[is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Johnson, 1904, o.p. ; Pocket 
Edn., IS. 6d. n. (soc. n.), Lane.] 

Lothair. 1870 

A Corinthian picture of the highest society of England, by one who had lived in its midst. 
Gay and operatic in style ; flattering in tone, the satire of vanity and selfishness being 
of a bantering and hardly serious kind. Lothair, who is to inherit immense possessions, 
is the object of a conspiracy to make him a Roman convert, and, on the other hand, of 
Protestant intrigues. He wavers, impelled to and fro by doubts and the fascinations of 
two romantic ladies, champions of Catholicism and of Freedom respectively. The late 
Marquis of Bute was pointed out as the original of Lothair ; Mazzini (Mirafiori) and 
Garibaldi appear in the Italian episodes. Monsignor Capel, who figures as Mgr. Catesby, 
died recently in N. California, of which he was prelate-in-charge. [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman.] 

Vavasour. 1870 

A rather acrid sketch of Monckton Milnes, Lord Houghton, [o.p.] 

Endymion. 1880 

The history of Endymion and his sister Myra (1830-40) is an allegory with an autobiographic 
meaning ; and the other characters are either important social types or representatives 
of great people of a later day. A book full of double meanings and of aphorisms enunciat- 
ing the writer's political philosophy, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman.] 

Egan, Pierce [1772-1849]. Life in London ; or, The Day and Night Scenes of 
Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and his Elegant Friend, Corinthian Tom, accompanied 
by Bob Logic, the Oxonian, in their Rambles and Sprees through the Metro- 
polis. I 82 1-8 

Finish to the Adventures of Tom, Jerry, and Logic in their Pursuits through 

Life in and out of London [sequer\. 1828 

A series of sketches of Cockney life that appeared in monthly parts illustrated by Cruikshank ; 
remarkable as one of the earliest of picture novels. They deal with the favourite haunts 
of pleasure-seekers and reproduce copiously the slang and cocknejnsms of Londoners, 
spiced with puns and word-plays. The rollicking adventurers are in the sequel either 
reformed or disposed of by unseasonable death. Dickens adopted this form of random 
adventures and burlesque in the Pickwick Papers. [Life in London, col. ill., 7s. 6d., Chatto, 
1869 ; Finish, xos., coloured, i6s., Reeves & Turner, 1889 ; 3s. 6d. n. (Plain and Coloured 
Series), Methuen, 1890.] 

FuLLERTON, Lady Georgiana [nee Leveson Gower ; 1812-85]. Ellen Middleton. 1844 

A girl, in a momentary passion, accidentally causes the death of a child. Two persons know 
the secret, and throughout her married life she is pursued by the malice of the one and the 
mischievous advocacy of the other, a man who loves her. Ellen's fear and penitence, her 
flight and peaceful death, make a strong, emotional story. [6s., Macmillan, 1884 : o.p.] 

Grantley Manor. 1847 



Written after the writer's secession to Rome, and inspired to some extent by Roman Catholic 
sentiments and ideas. Two half-sisters are placed in natural contrast, the fascinating 
half-Italian Ginevra and the sincere and straightforward English girl Margaret. [3s. 6d., 
Bums & Oates, 1897.] 

— Too Strange not to be True. 1864 



A story of eighteenth-century England. [6s,, Macmillan ; I1.50, |i, Appleton, New York.] 

46 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 
FuLLERTON, Lady Georgiana {continued). — Constance Sherwood. 1865 

"An autobiography of the sixteenth century" {c. 1580). [6s., Bentley, o.p. ; $2, Catholic 
Pub. Co.. New York.] 

A Stormy Life : Queen Margaret's Journal. 1867 

The story of Margaret of Anjou, the heroic, ill-used Queen of Henry VI (see also Scott's 
Anne of Geierstein). [Bums & Oates: o.p.] 

Gore, Catherine Grace \nee Moody ; 1799-1861]. Cecil ; or, The Adventures of a 
Coxcomb. 1841 

Ormington. 1842 

Novels of fashionable hfe, full of incident and of observation of character, caustically satirical 
in the description of high society; built on an old-fashioned and artificial plan, [(i) 3 vols., 
31S. 6d., Bentley, o.p.; i vol., 2s., Routledge, o.p.; (2) 3 vols.. 31s. 6d., Boone, o.p.] 

Griffin, Gerald [1803-40]. Tales of the Munster Festivals. 1827-32 

Faithful and racy sketches of the Kerry and W. Clare peasantry and the small gentry ; home 
life, the hedge-schools, smuggling, love, and seduction, troubles with government officials, 
etc. [is., Routledge; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] 

The Collegians ; or, The Colleen Bawn : a Tale of Garryowen. 1828 

A rather formless novel which was dramatized in a well-known play by Dion Boucicault. 
Here Griffin appears as the novelist of the better class of Irish yeomen, a very true and 
faithful interpreter of native character. The story is founded on fact — a poor girl is 
seduced and forsaken fora wife of higher station. Scenes : Limerick and Killarney. [3s. 6d., 
Routledge ; 75c., Warne, New York.] 

The Invasion. 1832 

A painstaking study of W. Ireland in the eighth century, the fortunes of the O'Haedha sept, 
on Bantry Bay, giving a little narrative interest. Archaeological notes are supplied by 
Eugene O'Curry. [2s., Duffy, Dublin.] 

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler [1797-1865]. The Clockmaker : the Sayings and 
Doings of Sam Slick of Slickville. 1838-41 

Sam has some traits of an American Sam Weller — ^he is a witty rogue, fond of abusing people, 
especially his own countrymen — the Blue-noses — slangy, conceited, knowing how to do 
everything better than anybody else, always ready for a " trade " or a piece of practical 
roguery, fervently believes in the union of English and Americans, and expounds the 
author's high Tory opinions. This and the following novels contain little plot, but no 
end of yams, ludicrous fancies, and shrewd saws. HaUburton, who was Chief Justice in 
Nova Scotia, knew how to draw a sharp, life-like, and terribly offensive caricature of 
Nova Scotians and Yankees, and no doubt many of his portraits were easily recognized 
at the time. The book founded the school that has produced " Artemus Ward " and " Mark 
Twain," not to mention Mr. Dooley and David Harum. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half- 
forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge; $1, Houghton, Boston.] 

The Letter Bag of the Great Western. 1839 

Humorous sketches of Yankee manners and customs, in the form of letters supposed to be 
taken from the mail-bag of a steamship. [In his Works, 3 vols., Routledge : o.p.] 

The Attache ; or, Sam Slick in England. 1843-4 

A satire on British manners and customs. [2s., Routledge ; $1.25, Dick, New York.] 

The Old Judge ; or. Life in a Colony. 1849 

Sketches from life of people in Nova Scotia, in the shape of a tourist's narrative. The time 
referred to is that of the Canadian rebellion of 1837-8. The facetious effects are emphasized 
by innumerable puns, jests, double-ententes, and distorted spelling. [20c., Munro, New 
York.] 

Wise Saws and Modern Instances. 1853 



A further collection of the doings and sayings of Sam Slick ; a mingling of worldly wisdom, 
commercial smartness, and pungent satire. [$1.25, Dick, New York: o.p.] 

47 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler {continued). — Nature and Human Nature. 1855 

Professes to deal with the same subject as Juvenal, the whole life of man. Full of character- 
istic aphorisms. [$1.25, Dick, New York : o.p.] 

Hall, Mrs. S. C. [Anna Maria, nee Fielding; 1802-81]. Sketches of Irish 
Character. 1829 

Tries to portray the characters, ways, and surroundings of the villagers of Bannow, Co. 
Wexford — where she had lived as a girl — in the manner of Miss Mitford. [Illustrated by 
Cruikshank, Maclise, and others, 7s. 6d., Chatto, 1871.] 

The Whiteboy. 1845 

A too optimistic story of a young Englishman who tries to improve the lot and engage the 
sympathies of the peasants during the Whiteboy troubles. [Routledge: o.p.] 

Stories of the Irish Peasantry. 1851 

Twenty tales which endeavour to show that the enmity of landlord and peasant is due to 
misunderstanding, or the influence of bad habits such as intemperance, superstition, and 
general lack of discipline — which the author thinks might easily be remedied. [Chambers : 
o.p.] 

Hook, Theodore Edward [1788-1841]. Sayings and Doings. 3 Series, 1824-8 

Novelettes of a farcical or serious kind ; many of the characters caricatures, or at least portraits 
of his friends and familiars and of people well known in Society ; largely dealing with 
pleasantries and hoaxes ; e.g. The Sutherlands — a somewhat farcical story of two brothers, 
one headstrong, the other over-cautious, whose widely different matrimonial schemes 
land them both in disagreeable consequences. In Doubts and Fears — a thorough-going 
farce — a lady-killer intrigues simultaneously with his wife, separated from him, and her 
daughter, with lamentable results. Gervase Skinner — a stingy country bumpkin, lady- 
killer in an artless way — is made the victim of sharps and adventurers : this is a farcical 
sketch with a number of caricatures of pleasant and unpleasant people, among them 
Kekewich, who may have suggested Mr. Jingle. Cousin William is a sentimental Societ}' 
tale of passion and its consequences. Frivolous stuff for the most part, yet not devoid 
of value for the delineations of contemporary life. [Pub. is., Bentley, 1872 : o.p.] 

Maxwell. 1830 

A plot-novel, hingeing on a mystery disclosed in the last chapters. The characters, as usual 
• with Hook, much addicted to puns. Godfrey Moss, a queer mixture of generosity and 
egotism, vulgarity and refined habits, is said to be drawn from George IV's " led-parson," 
Cannon. [2s., Routledge, 1873 : o.p.] 

Gilbert Gumey. 1836 

A boisterous comedy, made up chiefly of Hook's own escapades and the characters of his 
intimates, young men about town, with their practical jokes and smart talk. Satirical 
sketches of cockneys, dinners, and other jovial scenes, city society ; also anecdotes of 
real people, gibbeting their petty foibles. [2s., Routledge, 1871 : o.p.] 

Jack Brag. 1837 

[2S., Routledge, 1873 : o.p.] 

The Ramsbottom Letters. 1872 

An old lady's diary during a tour on the Continent, enlivened profusely by her malapropisms 
and strokes of unconscious humour, [o.p.] 

Howard, Edward [d. 1841]. Rattlin the Reefer. [juvenile] 1836 

Jack Ashore. [juvenile] 1840 

Nautical romances in a similar .style to Marryat's, and often attributed to him, as they ap- 
peared anonymously under his editorship. The author also wrote The Old Commodore 
(1837), Outward Bound (1838), and Sir Henry Morgan the Buccaneer (1842). [3s. 6d., 2S., 
Routledge : o.p.] 

Hunt, James Henry Leigh [1784-1859]. Sir Ralph Esher. 1832 

" Memoirs of a Gentleman of the Court of Charles II, including those of his friend, Sir Philip 
Heme " (c. 1662-5). [Colbum : o.p.] 

48 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

James, George Payne Rainsford [1801-60]. Richelieu; or, A Tale of France. 1829 

James's first novel ; praised by Scott. The inner history of the ill-fated conspiracy of Cinq- 
Mars, 1642, and of the events leading to the fall of Richelieu, incorporated with a story of 
court intrigue. Louis XIII, Anne of Austria, and the Cardinal are drawn with care and 
learning. Chavigni, the bold, unscrupulous, good-hearted plotter, is a type that often 
reappears in James. St. Germains, Paris, the Bastille are the principal scenes. [2s., 
Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

De rOrme ; or, Le Comte de Soissons. 1830 

Adventures among Pyrenean smugglers, the crimes of a diabohcal noble, hairbreadth escapes, 
and grandiose scenery, in the style of Mrs. Radclifle. The revolt of the Catalans from 
PhiUp of Spain and the conspiracy of the Comte de Soissons are the historical matters 
introduced. (1619.) [2s., Routledge (§1, Button, New York).] 

Damley ; or. The Field of the Cloth of Gold. 1830 

Old EngUsh life in Tudor times ; domestic scenes, pageants and revelry, court life, and the 
famous meeting of Henry and Francis (15 19) ; with the wonted love romance and melo- 
drama worked in. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

Philip Augustus ; or, The Brothers in Arms. 1831 

Baronial France {c. 1199— 1214) overrun by the rebellious banditti and free companies. The 
adventures of the Sire de Coucy, John of England's persecution and murder of Prince 
Arthur, and the battle of Bou vines (12 14). History worked in with more than his usual 
care. [2s., Routledge {i?i. Button, New York).] 

Henry Masterton ; or, The Adventures of a Young Cavalier. 1832 

Autobiography of a Cavalier — a picture of the Royalist downfall that should be read 
with Scott's Woodstock. Shows the Roundheads in the same offensive hght, confiscating 
the goods of malignants for their own benefit ; and represents the Puritans as snuffling 
hypocrites. That fine king's officer Goring, and the Parliamentarian Ireton, are vigor- 
ously portrayed (c. 1645-51). [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

Mary of Burgundy ; or. The Revolt of Ghent. 1833 

Similar in theme to Scott's Quentin Durward, but treated differently ; the turbulent history 
of the burghers of Flanders and their incessant revolts from their several lords. Heroine, 
Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold ; hero, the patriotic young President, Albert Maurice, 
citizen of Ghent (1456-77). [2s., Routledge (§i, Button, New York).] 

John Marston Hall ; or, The Little Ball of Fire. 1834 

A sequel to Henry Masterton. The dazzling career of a conceited young Scot, during the plots 
and battles of the New Fronde {c. 1642—8) ; related by himself. Cond6, Turenne, Mazarin. 
and Anne of Austria are among the historical portraits. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, 
New York).] 

One in a Thousand ; or. The Days of Henry Quatre. 1835 

A novel of the League (1589-90), taking up the story of the Religious Wars just before the 
murder of Henry III and the battle of Ivry. With the romanticism of the complex 
plot are combined careful studies of the history, portraits of Henry IV, of the Buke of 
Mayenne, head of the Guises, and a vivacious picture of the Leaguers in Paris. [3s. 6d., 
2s., Routledge ($1.50, Harper, New York).] 

Attila ; or, The Huns. 1837 

A young Roman exile seeks an asylum in Attila's camp, and so becomes spectator of his 
devastating march across Europe against the Rome of Valentinian, and of the tremendous 
encounter between the Huns and the Visigoths (452-3). [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, 
New York).] 



— The Huguenot ; or. The French Protestants. 1838 

Love and persecution in Poitou at time of Bragonnades and revocation of the Edict of 
Nantes (1685). Intrigues of ministers and favourites at the court of the Grand Monarque ; 
the crafty Louvois, bigoted Madame de Maintenon, Bossuet, and Marshal Schomberg. 
The horrors of the Bastille. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

E 49 



ENGLISH FICTION 

James, George Payne Rainsford {continued). — Henry of Guise ; or, The States of 
Blois. 1839 

A novel of the League (1588), the Huguenot Henry of Navarre appearing in an unfavourable 
light. A brave young adherent of the great Duke is nominally hero as well as lover, but 
the true hero is Henry of Guise. Both he and the incompetent Henry III make sound 
historical portraits. The King's debaucheries at Vincennes and the factious state of Paris 
are impressively described. The finale is the Duke's assassination at Blois. [2s., Rout- 
ledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

The King's Highway ; or. In the Age of William III. 1840 

The conspiracy of Fen wick, Barclay, and Chamock (1696-7). The King and the Duke of 
Berwick well portrayed. Jacobite plots, attempts to abduct, and highway robberies. 
[2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

The Man-at-Arms. 1840 

A Huguenot story of the third Religious War, that of Jamac and Moncontour (1569-72) — a 
time marked by great disasters, the murder of Cond6 and the massacre of St. Bartholomew. 
The Catholic League and the Guises are in disfavour throughout, and their commander- 
in-chief, the Duke of Anjou, Queen Elizabeth's suitor, is the villain of the piece. [2s., 
Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

The Jacquerie. 1841 

Time of the Hundred Years' War and the Jacquerie (1358). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New 
York).] 

The Brigand ; or, Corse de Leon. 1841 

Opens amidst the Alpine scenery of Savoy, moves to Paris and the court, the Louvre and 
Fontainebleau, all elaborately depicted ; among the prominent figures are Diana of 
Poitiers axid Henry II of France, with whose fatal wound in a tournament the narrative 
closes (1558-9). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

The Woodman ; or, Bosvvorth Field. 1842 

Richard III and the Earl of Richmond (Henry VII). [2s., Routledge- $1. Dutton, New 
York.] 

Forest Days ; or, Robin Hood. 1843 

One of his best novels ; the Barons' Wars, Simon de Montfort, Prince Edward|(I), and the 
battle of Evesham. Scenes: Derbyshire, Notts, Sherwood Forest, and Worcestershire in 
1265. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Agincourt ; or. The Times of Henry V. 1844 

Rich in lore from historians, poets, and romancers — the chivalric story of Henry of Mon- 
mouth, as Shakespeare portrays him before his succession, and as victor at Agincourt ; 
with scenes of old English life in London and the country', pictures of the Burgundian 
court and of Flanders, and portraits of celebrities like Philip the Good, Count of 
Charolois, afterwards Duke of Burgundy (1413-5). [2s.. Routledge ($1, Dutton, New 
York).] 

Arabella Stuart ; or. The Days of James I. 1844 

Love story of Arabella and Wilham Seymour, and plot to make her Queen ; a sentimental 
tragedy. Takes liberties with history. Harsh portraits of James I, his favourite Rochester, 
and the latter's paramour the Countess of Essex ; Raleigh, Cobham, Markham, etc., are 
introduced, with the Main Plot, Bye Plot, and the murder of Overbury (1603-15). [2s., 
Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Rose d'Albret ; or, The Leaguers. 1844 

A Radclifiian romance of intrigue, with incidental pictures of France in the year of Ivry 
(1590), under the rule of Henry of Navarre, but torn asunder by the machinations of the 
League, headed by the Duke of Mayenne. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

50 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

James, George Payne Rainsford {continued). — The Smuggler. 1845 

A picture of smuggling and smugglers in Kent at middle of eighteenth century, with an account 
of how the trade received a crushing blow from the Customs and the military. General 
rufi&anism reheved by a few strong characters and by love-making under difficulties. 
The good-natured but gruff Mr. Zachary Croyland and his good-intentioned, meddUng 
sister supply low comedy. [2s., Routledge (fi, Button, New York).] 

Arrah Neil ; or, Times of Old. 1845 

The historical part of this sentimental romance is one of the earliest episodes of the war. the 
attempt of the King's party to obtain possession of Hull, the magazine of the north 
{1642). Capt. Barecolt, one of James's few low-comedy characters, is a tolerable reflection 
of Capt. Dalgetty. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

Heidelberg ; or, The Winter- King. 1846 

The first part a glowing picture of Heidelberg, the Rhine and the Neckar, and the gorgeou.s 
court of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the " Winter-King." The last is a narrative of 
his disasters as King of Bohemia, the battle of the Weissenberg, the fall of Prague, and 
the sack of Heidelberg (1619-20). His wife Elizabeth, daughter of our James I and 
ancestress of the HanoVerian line, is a tragic figure. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New 
York).] 

The Castle of Ehrenstein ; or, A Romance of Princes. 1847 

A romance of mediaeval Germany, vaguely connected with history (c. 1208—12). The struggles 
and intrigues of princes and barons, fitfully controlled by the authority' of Emperor and 
Pope, [as., Routledge (|i. Button, New York).] 

Gowrie ; or. The King's Plot. 1851 

The Gowrie conspiracy (1599-1600). Author assumes that James VI (I of England), his special 
bete noire, fabricated the plot in order to do a blameless young noble to death. Padua^ 
France, Scotland. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

The Old Dominion. 1856 

A romance of Virginia and the Southampton massacre (1831). [2s., Routledge (|i, Button, 
New York).] 

Leonora d'Orco ; or. The Times of Caesar Borgia. 1857 

The " veracious history " of Leonora and Lorenzo Visconti (1494-5). The troublous times of 
the French Charles VIII's invasion of Italy, of Caesar Borgia and Leonardo da Vinci. 
[2s., Routledge (§1, Button. New York).] 

Jerrold, William Douglas [1803-57]. M'^s. Caudle's Curtain Lectures. 1846 

The comic irony of wedlock ; a shrewish wife's nocturnal harangues at her husband : originally 
appeared in Punch, [is., Bradbury ; 2s., W. Scott, 1891 ; illustrated hy C Keene, los. 6d.,. 
Bradbury, i888.] 

Landon, Letitia Elizabeth [Mrs. Maclean ; 1802-38]. Ethel Churchill ; or. The 

Two Brides. 1837 

The days of the first Georges ; a touching story, with some wit and tender sentiment in the 
dialogue. Historic characters come on the stage, e.g. Sir Robert Walpole. [o.p.] 

Landor, Walter Savage [1775-1864]. Pericles and Aspasia. 1836 

The most famous example of Landor's stately dialogues. Fills in the story of Pericles and the 
brilliant hetaira, told in outline by historians ; and gives a vivid idea of the intellectual 
and social life of Athens in the Golden Age, Alcibiades, Socrates, Aristophanes, Anaxa- 
goras, Sophocles, etc., figuring in this series of familiar letters. Landor's majestic periods, 
sculptured epigrams, and polished verse are admirably suited to the nobility of the theme. 
[is. 6d.. Scott; 3s. 6d. n.. Bent; 63s. n. (Chiswick Lib. of Noble Writers). Bell.] 

Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick [1784-1848]. The Wolfe of Badenoch. 1827 

Career of Alexander Stewart. Earl of Buchan {d. 1394), son of Robert II (1371-90). Strong 
in local and antiquarian colour relating to the Speyside region and Morayshire ; (1388-94). 
[o.p.l 

51 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Lever, Charles James [1806-72]. The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer. 1839-40 

Loosely connected stories and sketches of garrison life in Cork, full of high spirits and jocu- 
larity, very Irish in the stagey sense, very unreal. " All the pleasures of life are set before 
us ; wit, wine, and women, fighting and loving, daring leaps, absurd hoaxes, mad Irish- 
men." Thackeray parodied it as a prominent example of that once fiouri.shing book the 
rollicking novel in his Novels by Eminent Hands, christening the boisterous hero Harry 
Rollicker. [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($i, Button, New York) ; 2 vols., §5, Little & Brown ; 
illustrated by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] 

Charles O'Malley, the Irish Dragoon. 1841 

A random and reckless chronicle (1808—14) of boisterous fun, personal humours, love-making, 
and martial adventures, many good stories being redressed. After Donegal and Dublin, 
the Peninsular War, and the romantic countries and inhabitants of Portugal, Spain, and 
France, furnish the mise en scdne and never-ending chances of adventure, and of comic 
and tragic incident. The humorous figure Major Monsoon is a real personage, who assigned 
to Lever, for a consideration, the right to use him and his adventures. Baby Blake, the 
romping Irish girl, is another sketch from life ; and Mickey Free, with his farcical eccen- 
tricities and droll repartee, a diverting specimen of the Irish lower classes. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), 
2S., IS., 6d., ($3), Routledge; 2 vols., illustrated by Rackham, 2s. 6d., Nisbet ($1, Putnam, 
New York) ; 1897, $5, Little & Brown, Boston.] 

Jack Hinton. 1841 

Another diverting farrago of love-making, high life in Dublin, adventure, and rollicking 
humour. Full of portraits, e.g. Curran, and others nearly as well known in their day ; 
Father Tom Loftus (sketched from Rev. Michael Comyns), a not overdrawn portrait of 
the jolly Irish priest ; Tipperary Joe, a good low-comedy character ; Corny Delaney, 
Mrs. P. Rooney, etc., all taken from life. The dialogue is piquant and racy, and makes 
effective use of the brogue, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ; illustrated by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. 
($1.25), Macmillan; 2 vols., $5, Little & Brown, Boston.] 

Arthur O'Leary. 1844 

A miscellany of adventures based on Lever's own experiences — life in Canada, student life at 
Gottingen, the Napoleonic wars, etc. [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York); 
illustrated by Cruikshank, 3s. 6d. (Si. 25), Macmillan.] 

Tom Burke of Ours. 1844 

A similar yarn about Irish soldiers on service abroad, in the wars of the Consulate and Em- 
pire ; the Peninsular chapters founded largely on Napier's history of that war. The usual 
infusion of Irish anecdote ; the sketches from French life based on Lever's own ex- 
periences. Napoleon appears, and the Austerlitz and Jena campaigns are described with 
considerable fullness, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; illustrated 
by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan ; 2 vols., $5, Little & Brown, Boston.] 

The O'Donoghue. 1845 

Portrays the decaying gentry at the time preceding the outbreak of 1798, when French 
emissaries were stirring up discontent, and the armament led by Hoche was in preparation. 
The selfish old chief of the O'Donoghues, brooding in his ruined tower over the lost glories 
of his house, the moody son, tempted and betrayed by detestable miscreants who made a 
traffic in conspiracy, are melancholy creatures. The fruitless efforts of a rich English- 
man to ameliorate the lot of his tenants produce a sad comedy, young ladies provide love- 
making of a genteel romantic kind, and there is a plenteous flow of Irish humour. [3s. 6d. 
($1.25), IS., 6d., Downey; $3, Routledge, New York.] 

The Knight of Gwynne. 1847 

A thoughtful study of Irish life and character (1808-24), at the time of the legislative union, 
founded on Lever's own experiences in Antrim and Derry. The Knight is an ideal picture 
of an Irish gentleman, courageous, loyal, high-minded, and chivalrous ; supposed to be a 
portrait of the Knight of Kerry. [2 vols., each is., Routledge.] 

The Martins of Cro' Martin. 1847 

Shows the practical working of the Emancipation Act ; scene, Connemara, where the selfish 
landlord Martin is defeated at an election and leaves his estates in disgust to the tender 
mercies of an agent. [2 vols., each 3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

52 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Lever, Charles James {continued). — Roland Cashel, 1850 

A characteristic story of adventure, love, and legal intrigue, Roland being nearly kept out of his 
estates by a villain, and from his true love by an old flame from Columbia. The Dean of 
Drumcondra is drawn from Archbishop Whately. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge : o.p.] 

The Daltons. 1852 

His longest novel. The selfishness of an absentee landlord, incidents of the Austro-Italian 
war of 1848, and the Italian revolution, military life in Austria and Italy, Anglo-Italian 
life at Florence, the doings of priests, etc. [2 vols., each 3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

Maurice Tiemay, the Soldier of Fortune. 1852 

A story of the Napoleonic wars, the French attempt on Ireland, etc. (1793-1809). [3s. 6d., 
Routledge, o.p. ; $1, Harper, New York.] 

The Dodd Family Abroad. 1853-4 

The Continental adventures of a family whose heads are full of absurd notions as to the 
manners and customs of foreigners ; related in letters by the actors themselves on the 
plan of Smollett's Humphry Clinker, bringing out the foibles of each writer. The Dodds 
are not altogether caricatures, but typify the prejudices, self-assertiveness, and ignorance 
of the British traveller. Written in Italy. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge, o.p. ; $1.25, Harper, 
New York.] 

The Confessions of Con Cregan. 1854 

An Irish Gil Bias in the style of his early tales. Published anonymously, it was attributed to a 
new and formidable rival of Lever's, whose contemporaneous book, Tlie Daltons, was 
compared with it unfavourably. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

Sir Jasper Carew. 1855 

Ja.sper's autobiography is prolific in adventure. He is mixed up with the wild social life 
and turbulent politics of Dublin in the early days of the Irish Parliament, is implicated 
in revolutionary schemes in France, a secret agent in London, etc. Covers the period 
c. 1782-1805. [o.p.] 

The Fortunes of Glencore. 1857 

A plot-novel written to prove that Lever's talent was the unravelling of human motive. 
Lord Glencore misjudges his wife and disowns his son, all being made right after a variety 
of adventures in W. Ireland and in Italy. Billy Fraynor is the fun-maker of the story. 
[3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

Davenport Dunn. 1859 

Another picaresque novel — the astonishing histories of two adventurers. Dunn is a financial 
swindler, whose operations involve the fortunes of princes, and whose daily life is an in- 
cessant alternation of luxurious indulgence and rapid achievement ; the other scoundrel is a 
" leg," whose sporting cheats are on a like scale, and who eventually knocks his rival on the 
head. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge : o.p.] 



— One of Them. 1861 

A minor story utilizing Lever's own experiences as a Consul abroad. From N. Ireland the 
story shifts to Florence, with scenes of diplomatic life, and a plenty of sensational incident. 
Quackinboss, a droll Yankee, and a nondescript Irish M.P. are the principal figures. 
[3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 50c., Harper, New York.] 



— Barrington. 1862 

Social and domestic life among middle-class people in Co. Kilkenny. A fire-eating major and 
a country doctor are capital figures. Young George Barrington's character and story are 
those of Lever's own son. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

— A Day's Ride. 1864 



A Quixotic extravaganza — the Irish and Continental adventures of a Dublin apothecary's 
son, Mr. Algernon Sydney Potts. [3s. 6d., Routledge: o.p.] 

S3 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Lever, Charles James {continued). — Tony Butler. 1865 

Diplomatic life, the Garibaldian War, etc. Major M'Caskey, soldier of fortune, is the purveyor 
of comedy, [o.p.] 

Luttrell of Arran. 1865 

A romantic story of the Arran Isles and Donegal. Young Luttrell's bride, a peasant girl brought 
up to be a lady, is one of Lever's best women characters. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] 

Sir Brooke Fossbrooke. 1866 

Reproduces much of the humour and frolic of his earlier tales, the mess-room scene in the 
officers' quarters at Dublin, with which it opens, recalling the sprightly comedy of Harry 
Lorrequer. The vigorous story that follows, however, is more serious, though hardly better, 
in its characterization and portraiture of real life. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p.; 50c., Harper, 
New York.] 

The Bramleighs of Bishop's Folly. 1868 

The Bramleighs are a family of rich parvenus, divided into three camps, one headed by an 
exclusive lady, an earl's daughter, who has married for money ; another composed of Col. 
Bramleigh and his set, who fight by fair means and foul against a French pretender to the 
estates ; and a third composed of three honourable and straightforward younger people, 
who are the peace party. The attack and repulse of the claimant cause much tragi- 
comedy, and bring out forcibly the heterogeneous characters of the family. Scenes : 
Co. Londonderry about Coleraine and Italy. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 50c., Harper, 
New York.] 

That Boy o' Norcott's. 1869 

A lively and romantic story, full of striking characters of a very various and very theatrical 
type. The hero enters the business house of a Jew, and loves his master's daughter ; is 
sent by her on a mission to Hungary, and falls in with the inamorata of his father, just as 
she is widowed. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 25c., Harper, New York.] 

Lord Kilgobbin. 1872 

Pictures of a Bohemian and thoroughly Irish section of Society. Kilgobbin is a wellnigh 
ruined squireen, one of James II's unrecognized peers, a reckless, cheerful Hibernian ; 
Atlee is a characteristic hero of Lever's, a Trinity student of boundless ability, versatile, 
ambitious, and a bit of a charlatan, who makes himself a career in spite of obstacles ; the 
heroine, half-Irish daughter of a Greek prince and adventurer, is another of those all- 
conquering beauties, around whom Fenians, soldiers, politicians, and Vice-Regal officials 
gather as lovers. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; $1, Harper, New York ; illustrated by 
Luke Fildes, 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] 

Gerald Fitzgerald the Chevalier. 1899 

Adventures of a legitimate son of the Young Pretender. He is recognized as a claimant to the 
English Crown, and comes in contact with Mirabeau, Alfieri, Madame Roland, the Pre- 
tender and his court at Rome, etc. Appeared as a serial in the Dublin University Magazine ; 
republished twenty-seven years after Lever's death. [6s., Downey, o.p. ; §1.50, New 
Amsterdam Book Co., New York ; 40c., Harper, New York.] 

Lover, Samuel [1797-1868]. Rory O'More. 1837 

Rory is an idealization of Irish good-nature, suggested by Lover's popular song " Rory 
O'More." Essays to prove that a few desperadoes were responsible for the more heinous 
atrocities of the '98, and that the Irish peasantry are naturally too kind-hearted to commit 
such excesses. Tries to be serious, but cannot help falling into melodrama and the broadest 
comedy, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; edited with introd. by D. J. 
O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable.] 

Handy Andy. 1842-3 

The blunders and misadventures of a happy-go-lucky servant, an exaggeration of the stage 
Irishman, with other laughable episodes introducing more stage characters, gentry, 
peasants, and vagabonds, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; edited 
with crit. introd. by D. J. O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable.] 

54 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 
Lover, Samuel {continued). — Legends and Stories of Ireland. 1844 

Localized romances and racy scraps of folklore worked up into stories with a plot, mostly 
comic and farcical. Among the most laughable are The Gridiron, Paddy the Sport, and the 
mock-epic Barny O'Reirdon the Navigator, the buoyant, muddle-headed hero of which 
follows into the Atlantic a ship bound for Bengal, in the belief that he will reach the 
fabulous paradise of Fingal. [With introd. by D. J. O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable ; 
2s. 6d., 2s., Ward & Lock ; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] 

Lytton, Edward George Earie Lytton Bulwer, Lord [1803-73]. Falkland. 1827 

A sentimental romance of illicit passion, which Lytton withdrew from circulation in his collected 
works on account of its doubtful morality. [Published in his works [infra) in the vol. 
containing Zicci, which is a short sketch of Zanoni and first appeared in The Monthly 
Chronicle of 1841. 

Pelham ; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. 1828 

A brilliant and precocious delineation of a man of the world, aiming to show that worldly 
experience may be rightly used without corrupting a man's heart or debasing his ideals. 
Superficially, Pelham is frivolous, foppish, and effeminate, but underneath he is a man of 
principle and high ambition. Many sketches of people then Uving, and not a little satire. 

Devereux. 1829 

An historical novel in which Lord BoUngbroke figures prominently, and minor parts are taken 
by Steele, Addison, and Swift, Pope, Col. Cleland (supposed original of Will Honeycomb), 
Beau Fielding (" Orlando " of The Spectator), Kneller, Colley Gibber, Richard Cromwell, 
Lady M. Wortley Montagu, the Duke of Wharton, etc. 

The Disowned. 1829 

A " metaphysical " novel, the characters representing allegorically certain moral qualities. 
Attempts to relieve the abstract nature of the plot by episodes of passion and the adven- 
tures of two heroes and a gigantic scoundrel who is sketched from a notorious swindler. 

Paul Clifford. 1830 

Denounces " a vicious Prison Disci pUne and a sanguinary Penal Code " ; advocates a reforma- 
tory method. A very tragic story with a " gentleman highwayman " for hero, and a 
dramatic climax confronting father and son as judge and criminal. Thackeray in The 
Yellowplush Memoirs and elsewhere treated Lytton and his glorified scoundrels and 
innocent criminals to much wholesome satire. 

Eugene Aram. 1832 

One of Lytton's sympathetic studies of criminals — the story of the famous murderer, executed 
1759. As a critic sarcastically put it, " How Eugene Aram, though a thief, a liar, and a 
murderer, yet being intellectual, was amongst the noblest of mankind." 



— Godolphin. 1833 

— The Pilgrims of the Rhine. 1834 

An extravaganza mingUng elves and fairies with more mundane creatures, and propounding 
his ideas of human life. The Enghsh fairies visit their kindred of the Rhineland. 

— The Last Days of Pompeii. 1834 



A learned and fairly successful picture of the splendid and luxurious Roman society of the 
reign of Titus (a.d. 79), based for its local colour on Lytton's study of the Pompeian 
antiquities and Pliny's famous account of the eruption. 

— Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. 1835 

Another romance in which Lytton tried to rival Scott. It gives a careful historical picture 
of the stormy politics of Rome and Italy in the period 1313-54, and Rienzi 's fight for 
Italian freedom and unity. 

— Ernest Maltravers ; and Alice, or The Mysteries. 1837-8 



A complicated love-romance, the sequel giving the solution of an extremely hazardous plot. 
Maltravers, a rich and aristocratic young man (whose literary brilliance seems a reflection 
of Lytton's), loves and loses a beautiful girl of the lowest class, seeks consolation in distant 
travel and adventure, and parades like Byron " the pageant of a bleeding heart." PoUtics, 
social intrigue, legal plots, and a murder or so, lead on to a conclusion satisfying to the 
most ardent sentimentalist. [Published in 1838 as parts i and 2 of The Eleusinia.] 

55 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Lord {continued). — Leila. 1838 

A Spanish and Moorish romance, laid amid the stormy incidents of the conquest of Granada. 

Night and Morning. 1841 

A romantic and highly improbable story of great length, as profuse in coincidence as most of 
Lytton's, reciting the fortunes of two sons of a wealthy man who had concealed his marriage 
and left no proofs of their right to the estates. Exciting adventures and hair-breadth 
escapes in England and abroad, villainous doings among sharpers and coiners in Paris, 
love compUcations, etc., come to an end with the recovery of the missing documents. 

Zanoni, 1842 

A story of a secret brotherhood, of remote origin, who possess the secret of eternal youth, a 
subject that obsessed Lytton. The hero, having lived many centuries, marries a lovely 
opera singer, resigning his gifts of supernatural vision and immortality, and perishes in 
the Reign of Terror. A gloomy and, at times, a ghastly story, but Lytton's favourite. 
Zicci is a first sketch of this novel. 

The Last of the Barons. 1843 

The tragic story of Warwick the King-Maker and his strife with Edward IV. The battle of 
Bamet (1471) is described at length, and besides dealing with the facts of history, the 
novel attempts to analyse in a philosophical manner the social tendencies of this changeful 
epoch. 

Lucretia ; or, Children of the Night. 1847 

An adaptation of the story of Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, the virtuoso and poisoner. 
Lucretia, the arch-criminal, is a character with redeeming traits ; but the rest of the 
villains and their nefarious deeds are so revolting that the book aroused a good deal of 
protest at the time of its appearance. 

Harold ; or, The Last of the Saxon Kings. 1848 

The tragic history of Harold's fall ; elaborate descriptions of the battles of Stamford Bridge 
and Hastings and of English Ufe in the nth century ; accurate historically. 

The Caxtons. 1849 

The first of a series of novels of manners embodying a criticism of life grounded on Lytton's 
theory of the Real and the Ideal. Takes the form of family memoirs by the hero Pisistratus 
Caxton. The blend of reaUsm and didacticism is Lytton's own, but the manner is evidently 
much influenced by Sterne. The scenes of high society and of political life are the most 
important. Various types of Englishmen are drawn at full length — the modest, reserved, 
and scholarly gentleman, who is the head of the family ; the stern and romantic soldier 
uncle and his adventurous son ; the sanguine speculator. Uncle Jack, with his disastrous 
schemes ; and the high-minded and high-bred Sedley Beaudesert. 

My Novel ; or, Varieties of English Life. 1853 

Continues the theme of The Caxtons — " the amusements, the pleasures, and the passions of the 
idle members of English society," on a broad canvas. A multitude of characters are intro- 
duced, chiefly consisting of a wealthy country squire and his family, their connexions, and 
the magnates and ordinary inhabitants of the parish. 

What Will he do with it ? 1858 



Another novel by " Pisistratus Caxton " in the style of The Caxtons and My Novel. 

— The Haunted and the Haunters. 1859 

A short story that came out in Blackwood — a masterpiece of supernatural horror, far more 
consistently impressive than the following, which is usually bound up with it. 

■ — A Strange Story. 1862 

A grisly story of supernatural influence, on a more elaborate scale, and with a regular plot 
and a number of characters, behevers or sceptics. Has a good deal of the stage trickery 
consecrated to ghost literature, but attains some thrilling effects of horror and illusion by 
subtler psychological means. 

56 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Lord {continued). 

The Coming Race. 1871 

An Utopian romance embodying a philosophical criticism of humanity. The scene is below 
the surface of the earth, where a branch of the human race, lost ages ago, has developed 
a higher order of civilization and of mechanical art. 

Kenelm Chillingly. 1873 

Another didactic novel developing his philosophy of the Real and the Ideal, and criticizing 
everyday life. The heir to a baronet, bom in luxury and educated in the latest modem 
ideas, becomes a sceptic and iconoclast. Wearying, however, of an empty life, he goes 
among the workers, himself becomes a worker, and so learns a saner philosophy. From 
active philanthropy among the poor, he comes back to more effective work for humanity 
in his natural sphere. 

The Parisians. 1873 

Aims at a general view of Parisian society in all its ranks and phases — the old noblesse, 
financial and industrial magnates, Bohemians, workmen and socialists, with their various 
interests and activities, at the period ending in the siege of Paris. Philosophical and 
didactic like the foregoing — the characters often mere mouthpieces for the doctrines of 
Lord Lytton. [2 vols.] 

Pausanias the Spartan. 1876 

A posthumous historical romance (relating to 470 B.C.), unfinished, ed. by Lytton's son. 
[Editions of Lytton's Works, published by Routledge: (New Knebworth Edn.), 29 vols., 

each 3s. 6d. ($1.50, Button, New York) ; (Stevenage Edn.), 29 vols., each 2s. ($1, Dutton, 
New York) ; (Edinburgh Edn.), 12 vols., illustrated by E. F. Sherie, I24, Knight, New 
York, 1908.] 

Macfarlane, Charles [d. 1858]. The Camp of Refuge. 1846 

An extremely vivid story of Hereward's famous stand against the Conqueror in the Fens of 
Ely. Aims at historical accuracy rather than romance, and achieves a most convincing 
oicture of everyday life in town and cloister. [Edited by (Sir) G. L. Gomme, maps, etc., 
3s. 6d., Constable ($1.50, Longman, New York), 1897; ed.by E.A.Baker (Half-forgotten 
Books), 2s., Routledge, 1904.] 

A Legend of Reading Abbey. 1846 

A similar account of the turbulent state of England in the reign of Stephen (1135-54), centring 
in the vicissitudes that befell the monks of Reading. [Edited by (Sir) G. L. Gomme, maps, 
etc., 3s. 6d., Constable ($1.50, Longman, New York), 1898; ed. by E. A. Baker (Half- 
forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge, 1904.] 

The Dutch in the Medway. 1847 

Deals with a disgraceful episode of Enghsh history, the blockading of the Thames by a Dutch 
fleet under De Ruyter (1667, reign of Charles II), which was followed by the ignominious 
Peace of Breda. Founded on Pepys, who is one of the characters of the domestic story. 
[With Foreword by S. R. Crockett, 3s. 6d., J. Clarke, 1897.] 

Maginn, WilHam [1794-1842]. Miscellaneous Works — Prose and Verse ; ed. 
R. W. Montagu. 1885 

Chiefly facetious miscellanies composed on the same plan a.s the Nodes AmbrosiancB, as. e.g. 
the Memoirs and the Maxims of Morgan O'Doherty. There are short stories also, e.g. 
The Man in the Bell, Bob Burke's Duel with Ensign Brady, and — the most famous — A 
Story without a Tail. [2 vols., 24s., Low: o.p. ($9.60, Scribner, New York).] 

Marry AT, Capt. Frederick [1792-1848]. Frank Mildmay ; or, The Naval Officer. 

1829 

Marryat had served as midshipman under Lord Cochrane on board the Imperieuse, and wrote 
this sea- novel on board the Ariadne. In two and a half years' service he is said to have 
seen fifty engagements, many very brilliant ; and he had authentic material for the life 
of perpetual adventure and activity that is here described. Certain notabilities of his 
day are supposed to be sketched among the characters, and the book is made up of 
reminiscences, except that it has a fictitious plot and hero. 

57 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Marry AT, Captain Frederick (continued). — The King's Own. 1830 

His first book, Frank Mildmay, was made up of reminiscences in the form of fiction; this, 
constructed of Hke materials, is more of a novel. The opening chapters give a full account 
of the mutiny at the Nore (1797), followed by the adventures of a daring smuggler, who 
impresses the young hero into his crew. It is in this novel that appears the famous story 
of an English captain who deliberately loses his frigate on a lee shore in order to wreck 
a French line-of-battle ship. 

Newton Forster. 1832 

Has a romantic plot, opening with a terrible shipwreck and the rescue of an infant, who in 
the end proves to be the heiress of a French marquis that Newton becomes acquainted 
with in the West Indies. Farcical scenes of connubial strife, society on shipboard, wrecks, 
escapes, and the usual frolics and escapades. 

Peter Simple. 1834 

Much more natural and racy ; the journal of a sailor, from the day he is entered as midship- 
man to his marriage and retirement as Lord Privilege. Peter, the supposed dunce, with 
his real sagacity, his misadventures and lucky escapes from every peril and quandary ; 
the pungent character-sketches, like Mr. Chucks and romancing Capt. Kearney, escapes 
from shipwreck, cutting-out expeditions, and adventures of the fugitive prisoners, make 
up a lively and humorous picture of naval life. 

Jacob Faithful. 1834 

The hero tells his own story from infancy upwards. His life at a charity school, apprentice- 
ship to a Thames waterman and life on the river till he and young Tom get impressed and 
see service on board a frigate, are episodes crammed with ludicrous incident. The vulgar 
Tumbulls and their attempts to be fashionable, the theatrical picnic party, the " Domine," 
and the incurable punster. Old Tom, provide continual mirth. 

Mr. Midshipman Easy. 1836 

Founded, like his first novel, on Marryat's personal experiences of active service round the 
coasts of France and Spain during the great war ; full of thrilling episodes, rich in salt- 
water character (Mr. Easy is specially humorous), full also of yarns which Munchausen 
might have fathered. 

Japhet in Search of a Father. 1836 

Not a sea novel ; a picaresque story pure and simple, displaying the author's usual fun and 
fondness for rollicking, exaggerated idiosyncrasy. 

Snarleyyow ; or, The Dog Fiend. 1837 

A story of William Ill's reign. The dog which plays such a prominent role belongs to a 
rascally lieutenant commanding a small vessel hunting for smugglers. The lieutenant's 
avarice gets him mixed up with the Jacobites, and when he has quite filled up the cup of 
his cruelties and treachery, it is at their hands he meets with his doom. • Lieut. Vansly- 
perken and his dog are grotesques, verging on the horrible ; but the story has many 
episodes of characteristic fun and comedy, while Short and the Widow are delightfully 
humorous. 



— The Phantom Ship. 1839 

A seventeenth-century narrative ; the story of Philip Vanderdecken's arduous search for 
and successful but calamitous discovery of his father, the " Flying Dutchman." 

— Masterman Ready ; or, The Wreck of the " Pacific." 1841 



A well-meaning story that children like — a wreck, Crusoe life on an island, a fight with savages, 
and the heroic death of the fine old sailor, Masterman Ready, through the carelessness of 
a naughty boy. 

— The Children of the New Forest. [juvenile] 1847 



Fortunes of a Royalist family near Lymington (1647). 

[Editions of Marryat's Novels, published by Routledge : (King's Own Edn.), ed. by W. L. 

Courtney, 24 vols., ea. with 6 photogravures, ea. 3s. 6d. ($1.25, Button, New York) ; 

(Frank Mildmay Edn.), 20 vols., ea. 2s. Illustrated by Townsend, Sullivan, Barnard, 

Brock, Overend, and others, 12 of the novels, ea. 3s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan ; ed. by R. 

Brimley Johnson, 22 vols., ea. with 3 etchings, ea. 3s. 6d. n., Dent.] 

58 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Martineau, Harriet [1802-76]. Deerbrook, 1839 

A village story of the good old-fashioned sort, describing two rival families, their narrowness 
and jealousy, and the evils of gossip. Miss Martineau had already made money and 
reputation by her stories illustrating the science of political economy, taxation, the poor 
law, etc. — Illustrations of Political Economy, 9 vols., 1832—4 — a striking outcome of the 
rage for the diffusion of useful knowledge. She considered Deerbrook her best work. 
[2s. 6d., 8vo, Smith and Elder.] 

The Hour and the Man. 1840 

An early Uncle Tom's Cabin. The man is Toussaint I'Ouverture, and the hour that of the black 
revolution in Hayti (i 791-1803). Toussaint is an almost incredible paragon, and the sav- 
agery and guilt of the native chiefs are not recognized by the author, who makes an idyll 
out of a series of frightful convulsions. She keeps fairly close to the historical records, 
but her knowledge of local conditions was ridiculed by Judge Haliburton in Sam Slick, 
and it is obvious that she was unduly fascinated by the idea of a negro acting successfully 
in the sphere of political and social government upon the principles she most cherished. 
[Edited by E. A. Baker (Half -forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge, 1904 (§1, Dutton, New 
York).] 

The Playfellow. 1841 

A series of children's stories — still readable — comprising Settlers at Home, The Peasant and the 
Prince, Feats on the Fiord, and Crofton Boys, [o.p.] 

Maxwell, William Hamilton [1792-1850]. Stories of Waterloo. 1829 

A farrago of Irish stories, sensational, with a dash of Hibernian character and local colouring. 
[Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge (§1, Dutton, New York).] 

The Bivouac ; or, Stories of the Peninsular War. 1837 

Stories in the manner of Lever's war-tales. [2s., Routledge : o.p. ; also 6d.] 

Miller, Thomas [1807-74]. Royston Gower ; or. The Days of King John. 1838 
An historical romance of Nottingham Castle and Sherwood Forest. [2s., Ward & Lock.] 

Gideon Giles the Roper. 1840 

Miller, the " Basket-maker " of Nottingham, was a humble poet and nature-lover who in this 
novel, much of which is conventional rubbish, managed to picture the rustic Midlander 
of his time (the Chartist period) with remarkable truth and lifelikeness. Ben Brust, the 
indefatigable trencherman, with his primitive philosophy of life, is a character drawn 
with real humour. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, 
Dutton, New York).] 

MoiR, David Macbeth [1798-1851]. Life of Mansie Wauch, Tailor in Dalkeith. 1828 

Dr. Moir, the " Delta " of Maga and a minor poet, in this portrayal of a simple-minded, hard- 
working man, and in the pathetic episode of the love-sick apprentice from the Lammer- 
moors, wrote a novel worthy to stand on the shelf near John Gait : many of the scenes 
are strongly akin to the boisterous conviviality of the Nodes AmbrosiancB. [2s. 6d., is. 6d., 
Blackwood, 1895; with notes by F. Henderson, is. 6d. n., Methuen, 1902.] 

Newman, John Henry, Cardinal [1801-90]. Loss and Gain. 1848 

More of a platonic dialogue than a novel ; subject, the Roman supremacy and the defects of 
Anglicanism ; the hero, a projection of Newman's own personality, at once shy and bold, 
simple and profound, occasionally satirical. The story of liis conversion brings in some 
intimate and delicate sketches of Oxford life. [3s. 6d. (fi.25), Longman.] 

Callista : a Sketch of the 3rd Century. 1856 

The story of an African martyr, (c. 250), with interesting studies of demoniacal possession, 
religious emotion, and the fear of eternal punishment. Divagations on theological and 
devotional questions. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Longman.] 

Rathbone, Hannah Mary [nee Reynolds ; 1798-1878]. So much of the Diar>' of 
Lady Willoughby as relates to her Domestic History, and to the eventful 
Period of the Reign of Charles I, the Protectorate, and the Restoration. 1844-7 

59 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Both in style and format this was a charmingly successful attempt to reproduce a book 
of the period. Miss Manning (q.v.) modelled her Mary Powell (1850) and other domestic 
novels of past days on Mrs. Rathbone's little masterpiece, without, however, equalling her 
model. A sequel came out in 1847 and was embodied in the 1848 edn. [o.p.] 

Reach, Angus Bethune [1821-56]. Clement Lorimer ; or. The Book with the Iron 
Clasps. 1849 

Tale of a vendetta, dating from 1610, between a Corsican and a Flemish family. Scene in 
London {c. 1833-4), where, with a variety of episodes in the style of Dickens, the feud is 
extinguished by the marriage of the survivors of the two houses. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] 

Leonard Lindsay ; or, The Story of a Buccaneer. 1850 

Adventures of a Scottish sailor in the West Indies from 1672 onwards. Exploits of a party 
of English buccaneers, or brethren of the coast, in Santo Domingo, Jamaica, etc., opposing 
the Spaniards and searching for buried treasure. Good description of the operations 
of the true buccaneers. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] 

Robinson, Emma. Whitefriars ; or, The Court of Charles 11. 1844 

A descriptive romance of the Popish Plot, Rye House Plot, Restoration London — Alsatia, 
the thieves' paradise ; Titus Oates, Col. Blood, Shaftesbury, Buckingham, Charles IL and 
Claude Duval (1666-83). A glowing tableau of the Great Fire. [Edited by E. A. Baker 
(Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Whitehall ; or, The Days of Charles I. 1845 

[2s., Routledge.] 

Caesar Borgia. 1853 

A Florentine novel ; one of the best pictures of that age. [o.p.] 

Ro DWELL, George Herbert Buonaparte [1800-52]. Old London Bridge : a Romance 
of the i6th Century. 1849 

Rod well was proprietor of the Adelphi and a musician. This is a sensational version of the 
story told in more restrained style by Anne Manning in The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, 
the London apprentice who founded the ducal house of Leeds (1536-59). [Edited by E. A. 
Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

ScoTT, Michael [i 789-1 835]. Tom Cringle's Log. 1833 

Scott was a Glasgow merchant who travelled widely and lived in the W. Indies, collecting 
from all over the world the miscellaneous characters who people his two novels of adven- 
ture by sea and land, two novels as full as any books in our maritime literature of the 
veritable ocean magic. This is a wonderful farrago of thrilling adventure and brilliant 
pictures of the sea, ostensibly the diary of a midshipman during the great world-struggle 
of 181 3. The scene shifts to the West Indies, Jamaica, Bermuda, Cuba, and other places, 
giving extensive descriptions of the scenery, towns, and inhabitants. Encounters with 
American frigates, with smugglers and privateers, droll anecdotes, Tom's kidnapping and 
life aboard the Torch and the Wave, make a picturesque and animated narrative which 
never slackens ; and the characters, e.g. Obediah, the Yankee pirate, Aaron Bang, the 
punster and buffoon (copied from life as they probably were), provide any amount of 
rough humour and horseplay. First appeared (1829) in Blackwood's Magazine. [3s. 6d., 
2s., Blackwood; 2S., Routledge. Illustrated : 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, 1895; 3s. 6d., 
Blackwood, 1895 ; 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings ($2, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] 

The Cruise of the " Midge." 1834 

The second novel is exactly similar in scheme, or lack of scheme, the eventful life of a sailor — 
slave-catching on the African coast ; visits to the Cape ; cruising in the West Indies ; 
pleasures and dangers, flirtations and duels, scenes of joviahty and humour, with death 
always in the background. Tropical scenery is presented with the same vivid realism, 
and the salt-water characters are drawn with the same coarse vigour, strongly reminding 
one of Smollett's comic beasts in human form. First appeared in Blackwood's Magazine. 
[Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York). 
Illustrated : 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings ($2, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] 

60 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Smith, Albert [1816-60]. The Adventures of Mr. Ledbury. 1844 

The Pottleton Legacy. 1849 

By the famous showman who introduced Mont Blanc to Britishers. Facetious novels sketch- 
ing incidents of the life of the time in a clever journalistic way — the opening of a railway 
in a country district, going to the Derby, shady life in town — and hitting off notable types 
— company promoters, impresarios, aeronauts, fast young men, and the like — in a style 
midway between Dickens and the comic papers, [(i) o.p. ; (2) Edited by E. A. Baker 
(Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

The Marchioness of Brinvilliers. 1846 



Story of the notorious poisoner (1665-76). [6d., Routledge. Illustrated: 21s., Bentley : o.p.] 

Smith, Horace [1779-1849]. Brambletye House ; or, Cavaliers and Roundheads. 

1826 

An antiquarian romance of the times of the Great Civil War, in imitation of Scott. Intro- 
duces historical personages and events profusely, even inserting passages from Defoe's 
History of the Plague. [2s., Weldon.] 

SuRTEES, Robert Smith [i 779-1 834]. Handley Cross ; or, The Spa Hunt. 1843 

A sporting novel, describing how a village grew into a fashionable spa, and the pack of hounds 
kept by the farmers was the nucleus of the Spa Hunt. An almost interminable chronicle, 
in which every little event is set down conscientiously, letters and accounts appearing 
at full length, and every character being minutely described as to dress and appearance. 
Most prominent among the many farcical characters is Mr. Jorrocks, the Cockney grocer 
and M.F.H., who reorganizes the hunt and has various squabbles with the magnates of 
the Spa, winding up with a couple of lawsuits. [Illustrated with 79 illus. by John Leech, 
2s., Chatto ; with the original coloured plates by Leech, i6s., Bradbury.] 

Hillingdon Hall ; or, The Cockney Squire. 1845 

Ask Mamma ; or. The Richest Commoner in London. 1858 

Sporting novels of a similar stamp, rambling, artless, and diffuse, abounding in farcical char- 
acters and ridiculous incidents. Unambitious, but very graphic and faithful sketches of 
life and manners, and, above all. amusements, at the beginning of the Victorian epoch, 
[(i) Illustrated with coloured plates, I2s. 6d., Routledge; (2) with coloured plates, 14s., 
Bradbury.] 

Thackeray, William Makepeace [1811-63]. The Yellowplush Memoirs. 1841 

Contributed under various titles to Fraser's Magazine (1838—40), and supposed to be 
reminiscences of a self-educated footman. A medley of extremely personal satire (e.g. 
Dionysius Lardner and Bulwer Lytton are unmistakably travestied), facetious sketches of 
society above and below stairs, and the doings of an aristocratic card-sharper, Mr. Deuceace. 
The farce is purposely vulgar in tone, and the scenes of brutality are intentionally made 
odious by ironical sympathy with the rogues. 

The Christmas Books of M. A. Titmarsh. 1847-55 



Comprises Mrs. Perkins's Ball (1847), a farcical account of the guests and their behaviour, 
particularly of the escapades of an Irish gentleman. The Mulligan; Our Street (1848). 
thumb-nail pictures of its inhabitants, their families, servants, and followers — broad 
caricature; Dr. Birch and his Young Friends (1849), .similar sketches of .school life; 
The Kickleburys on the Rhine (1851), ludicrous sketches of natives and Englishmen abroad ; 
The Rose and the Ring (1855), a mock-heroic tale of the Kings of Paflagonia and of Grim 
Tjyrtary, slily satirizing modern manners, etc. These farces and extravaganzas were 
lavishly illustrated by the author, as they came out at successive Christmastides. Read- 
able by children, amusing to readers of every age. 

— Vanity Fair ; or, A Novel without a Hero. 1848 



His most representative novel — a picture of society on a broad canvas, embracing a great 
variety of characters and interests, the object being to depict mankind with all its faults 
and meannesses, without idealization or romance. Little set design ; though the careers 
of Becky Sharp, the adventuress, and her husband, Rawdon Crawley, make an apt contrast 

61 



ENGLISH FICTION 

to the humdrum loves of the good hero and heroine, Dobbin and Amelia. The nobility, 
fashionable people about town, the mercantile aristocracy and the needy classes below 
them, are all portrayed in the most lifelike way. Episodes strong in tragedy, dramatic 
displays of passion, are mingled with pure comedy. Thackeray combines comment with 
narrative even more intimately than Fielding; to many readers, indeed, his sarcastic 
dissertations are the chief intellectual delight. Lord Steyne is drawn from the Marquis 
of Hertford, Mr. Wagg from Theodore Hook, and Wenham from J. W. Croker. 

Thackeray, William Makepeace {continued). — ^The Book of Snobs. 1848 

Satirical monographs on the multifarious species of this national genus, which he hunts out 
from every rank of society. Affectation, vulgarity, meanness, are illustrated with copious 
example and anecdote. (Appeared in Punch, 1846-7). 

The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond. 1849 

A sort of miniature Vanity Fair, briefly recounting the history of a young man's life in London, 
his early struggles, courtship, marriage, and family troubles ; happy in its humour, now 
and then fiercely satirical, e.g. in exposing the villainy of bubble companies, with some 
pages of affecting pathos. (Appeared in Fraser's Magazine, 1841.) 

The History of Pendennis : his Fortunes and Misfortunes, his Friends and 

his Greatest Enemy. 1849-50 

Presents the contemporary young man without flattery or extenuation, as Fielding had 
presented Tom Jones. Pendennis is in some way a reflex of Thackeray himself, at any 
rate, much personal history is made use of ; he is by no means an ideal hero, and in his 
egotism, vanity, and weakness he is only a trifle better than George Osborne, Amelia's 
showy lover in Vanity Fair. Introduces a numerous gallery of characters, e.g. the womanly 
Laura, the gushing Miss Amory, the Irishman Capt. Costigan, the old buck Major Pen- 
dennis, and the manly George Warrington. Thackeray avowed himself a disciple of 
Fielding (see p. 14 — Tom Jones), whose method of faithful representation without any 
romantic or sentimental idealism he tried to follow, not succeeding always, however, in 
eschewing sentimentality. He allowed himself the same liberty of criticizing manners and 
morals in a running commentary. 

The History of Henr}'' Esmond, Esq., a Colonel in the Service of Her Majesty 

Queen Anne ; written by himself. 1852 

A chronicle of public and domestic events towards the end of the seventeenth century ; 
ostensibly an autobiography written in George Ill's reign, and a successful reproduction 
of the modes of writing and speaking then in vogue. Twice members of the Esmond 
family become involved in Jacobite plots ; and they are engaged in the Blenheim cam- 
paign and other historic affairs which serve to introduce Marlborough, Gen. Webb, 
Steele, Lord Mohun and his victim Hamilton, the Old Pretender, and other celebrities. 
Actual events are inwoven with the family narrative, and the manners, dress, and habits 
of the time are portrayed with scholarly exactness. The personal interest centres in Henry 
Esmond and the two women whom he loves. Lad}' Castlewood and her daughter Beatrix : 
it culminates in episodes of moving tragedy. Beatrix is taken up again in The Virginians ; 
she is often characterized as the only woman completely portrayed in English fiction. 
Esmond marked a renascence of English historical fiction and established a new model, 
rejecting the standards of romanticism, and aiming at describing life as realistically as 
contemporary writers might have represented it. 



— The Newcomes : Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family ; edited by Arthur 
Pendennis, Esq. 1854-5 

Thackeray's great " middle-class epic," the tragedy of worldliness. Contains hardly any 
distinct thread of story, except Clive Newcome and Ethel's love affairs, which end in blank 
tragedy. Clive, like Pendennis, is a weak hero and does not escape satire. IJepicts a 
society thronged with worldlings, false, self-seeking, whited sepulchres (Barnes New- 
come is the most odious character Thackeray ever drew) ; over against whom is set the 
ideal English gentleman, Col. Newcome, his most beautiful and pathetic creation. 

— Miscellanies (4 vols.). 1^55-7 



Chiefly multifarious contributions (from 1837 onwards), to Fraser's Magazine and Punch 
Vol. i. : Ballads ; Snob Papers ; The Tremendous Adventures of Major Gahagan (1838-9), 
the latter, tall stories of an Anglo-Indian Munchausen, another of Thackeray's delightfui 

62 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER 

Irishmen. The Fatal Boots (1839), a masterly anatomy of selfishness, and Cox's Diary (1840) 
are minor facetiae. Vol. ii. : The Yellowplush Memoirs : Jeames's Diary (1845-46) ; 
Sketches and Travels in London : Novels by Eminent Hands (1847) (these last are burlesque 
imitations, at the same time profoundly true criticisms, of Lytton, Lever, Disraeli, G. P. R. 
James, Cooper, etc.) ; Codlingsby, a most diverting travesty of Coningsby ; Character 
Sketches. Vol. iii. : In The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq., written by himself (Eraser, 
1844), the autobiographer is an Irish adventurer, card-sharper, and bully. The narrative 
is consistently ironical, the hero recounting his iniquities with pride and expectation of 
approval. Pictures European society before the French Revolution, principally in pleasure 
haunts or amid the camps and battles of the Seven Years' War (1756-63). A Legend of 
the Rhine (1845) is a burlesque of the mediaeval story of barons and knight-errantry. 
Rebecca and Rowena, a Romance upon Romance (1850), is a mock-heroic sequel to Scott's 
Ivanhoe, making capital of the romantic glamour investing the Jewess to the disparage- 
ment of the Saxon heroine. A Little Dinner at Timmins's (1848) ; The Bedford Row 
Conspiracy (1840). Vol. iv. : The Fitz-Boodle Papers (1842-3) are " reminiscences of a 
younger .son, who moans over his poverty, complains of womankind generally, laughs at 
the world all round, and intersperses his pages with one or two excellent ballads " — the 
latter unveihng the humbug of things in general and of poetry in particular. Men's Wives 
(1843) ; A Shabby-Genteel Story (1840) ; The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great 
Hoggarty Diamond (1849) — see p. 62 for this last. 

Thackeray, William Makepeace {continued). — The Virginians : a Tale of the Last 
Century [sequel to Esmond]. 1858-9 

The memoirs of Esmond's two grandsons in America and England (1755-77), with the end 
of Beatrix as the deplorable Baroness Bernstein. George Washington, Dr. Johnson, 
Fielding, and Richardson are among the historical notabilities introduced, and the study 
of manners is excellent. The two heroes take opposite sides in the American War of 
Independence. 

Lovel the Widower. 1861 

A minor work based on a rejected play, The Wolves and the Lamb — the vulgar love affairs 
of a much-engaged young woman, who extricates herself from her other lovers and 
eventually marries Lovel. 

The Adventures of Philip on his Way through the World ; showing who 

robbed him, who helped him, and who passed him by. 1862 

A rambling story, containing several fine scenes and a beautiful character in the " Little 
Sister," the womanly friend of Philip. He, the son of a polished villain, determines to 
show his rectitude by his independence and disdain of social polish, and thus make his 
way. He tries to live by his pen, an episode which brings in the journalist world and 
Bohemian Paris. A more elaborate continuation of The Shabby-Genteel Story (1840), and 
a minor counterpart of Vanity Fair and The Newcomes, out of which novels several char- 
acters step without further introduction. 

Catherine. 1867-9 

Described by its author as a narrative of " unmixed rascality, performed by persons who 
never deviate into good feeling," aiming to show how disgusting would be the records 
of thieves, cheats, and murderers, were their doings and language described according to 
their nature rather than handled in such a way as to create sympathy. A counterblast to 
Lytton's Eugene Aram, Ainsworth's Jack Sheppard, and Dickens's Oliver Twist. (Ap- 
peared in Eraser's Magazine, 1839-40.) 

Denis Duval. 1867 

A splendid fragment containing scenes worthy of Thackeray's best days. The old town of 
Rye in 1763-79, with its motley population of smugglers and refugees, old sea captains 
and Catholic gentry, is a very picturesque setting. Breaks off at the beginning of a thrilling 
episode, the capture of the Serapis by Paul Jones. 

[(a) Illustrated Editions : Pub. by Smith & Elder : (Edition de Luxe), 24 vols., with 88 col. 
plates and 1721 illus. (worth ^^15), 1878-9; (Standard Edn.), 26 vols., each los. 6d. ($3, 
Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1877 ; (Library Edn.), 24 vols., each 7s. 6d. ($1.50, Houghton, 
Boston), 1889 ; (Biographical Edn.), with biographical introductions by his daughter, 
Anne Ritchie, 13 vols., each 6s., Smith & Elder ($1.75, Harper, New York), 1898-9 ; 
(Centenary Biograph. Edn.), 26 vols., each 6s. net. Smith & Elder. 191 1 sqq.; 
(Popular Edn.), 13 vols., each with a front., each 5s. ; (Cheaper Illustrated Edn.), 26 vols., 
each 3s. 6d. ($1.25, called "Popular Illustrated Edn.", Lippincott, Philadelphia.) Pub. 

63 



ENGLISH FICTION 

by Dent : edited by W. Jerrold, 30 vols., illustrated by C. E. Brock, 20 vols., 8vo, ea. 
3s. n., 1886. Pub. by Macmillan : (Century Edition de Luxe), 20 vols., ea. $2.50 ; edited 
by Lewis Melville, 20 vols., ea. 3s. 6d. ($1), with the Original illus. {b) Without Illustra- 
tions • (Pocket Edn.), 27 vols., each is. 6d., Smith & Elder (50c., hf. mor., called " Handy 
Edn.", $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1886-8.] 

Trollope, Frances [nee Milton ; 1780-1863]. The Domestic Manners of the 

Americans. 1831 

A novel by the mother of Anthony Trollope, made up of her experiences during a three years' 
sojourn in America for business purposes. The sketches of life and society are both caustic 
and tactless, and aroused the same resentment in the United States as Dickens pro- 
voked later by his American Notes. [$2 n., Dodd & Mead, New York.] 

The Vicar of Wrexhill. 1837 

The title originally proposed — The Unco Guid — indicates the spirit of the book. The Vicar 
is a clergyman of an unpleasant type, sketched to a large extent from actual facts, and so 
realistically drawn that a storm of criticism and abuse was raised by the Low Church 
party, [o.p.] 

Ward, Robert Plumer [1765-1846]. Tremaine ; or, The Man of Refinement. 1825 

Ward was a legal writer, politician, and Society man, of whom Canning said that his law books 

were as pleasant as novels and his novels as dull as law books. This is a dull novel so far 

as story goes, though clever in style. It had more than a season's success owing to Ward's 

familiarity with the political and social circles delineated. [3s. 6d., Tegg : o.p.] 

De Vere ; or, The Man of Independence. 1827 



A similar novel presenting the character of an ambitious statesman, believed on its appearance 
to be Canning, but, as the author stated, a composite study of Pitt, Canning, and Boling- 
broke. Other characters were more exact portraits, e.g. Lord Mowbray and the Duke 
of Newcastle. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Colburn, o.p. ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] 

Warren, Samuel [1807-77]. Passages from the Diary of a late Physician. 1832-8 

Twenty-eight of these papers came out in Blackwood from 1830 to 1837. Warren had been a 
medical student at Edinburgh, and was now engaged at the Bar. The work, which has 
plenty of melodramatic interest and parades its moral purpose, aroused criticism from 
the Lancet for divulging professional secrets. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] 

Ten Thousand a Year. 184 1 

A highly coloured sensation novel which once had immense vogue. The object is serious and 
edifying, but the book is full of extravagant comedy, not much above Theodore Hook's 
boisterous jesting satire on English legal forms and personages, and of farcical characters 
like Oily Gammon and Tittlebat Titmouse, the caricature of Lord Brougham as Mr 
Quicksilver, and the draper's assistant who gets the ^^lo.ooo a vear. [2s., Routledge 
($1, Dutton, New York).] 

NINETEENTH CENTURY. THIRD QUARTER— 1851-75 

Arnold, Matthew [1822-88]. Friendship's Garland. 1871 

" Being the Conversations, Letters and Opinions of the late Arminius, Baron von Thunder- 
ten-Tronckh ; collected and edited, with a Dedicatory Letter to Adolescens Leo, Esq., 
of The Daily Telegraph." This imaginary German is the author's stalking-horse for an 
attack on British Philistines and their ways of thinking and speaking. A book that did some 
useful destructive work in its time, along with Arnold's Culture and Anarchy, his theo- 
logical criticisms, etc. Witty and consistently ironical : many of its phrases and paradoxes 
are now classical. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder (70c n., Macmillan, New York), 1903.] 

Arnold, WilUam Delafield [1828-59; brother of preceding]. Oa k field ; or. Fellow- 
ships in the East. 1853 

The hero, a young Oxford man, brought up in strict ideas of duty and conduct, goes to India 
and is revolted by the dissipation and indifference of the English, both military and civil, 
and their total neglect of the natives' well-being (c. 1849). His censures are .sharpened by 
his ignorance of real life. Includes a narrative of the second Sikh war and the battle of 
Chillian wallah. [2 vols., 21s., Longman : o.p.] 

64 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Blake-Forster, Charles Ffrench. The Irish Chieftains ; or, A Struggle for the 
Crown. 1872 

A very learned account of the Williamite wars in Ireland, weaving the national events and 
the fortunes (1689-1770) of the O'Shaughnessy and Blake-Forster clans (Co. Galway) into 
a novel. Not only battles and sieges and the Continental deeds of the Irish Brigade, but 
home politics and the working of the penal laws are carefully studied (from an Irish- 
Jacobite standpoint), and well documented in the appendix. [7s. 6d., Whittaker, 1874 : 
o.p.] 

Borrow, George Henry [1803-81]. The Bible in Spain ; or, the Journeys, Ad- 
ventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate 
the Scriptures in the Peninsula. 1843 

Recounts Borrow's adventures as an agent of the Bible Society in the Peninsula, 1835-9. 
Perhaps the descriptive passages are finer even than those in Lavengro ; and the accidents 
of travel, the strange rencounters, the singular people met with, and the characteristic 
observations on national manners and idiosyncrasies, make a story no less fascinating ; 
though we do not get the inimitable self-revelation which is a unique ingredient in Lavengro. 
" Vagrom " writers like Stevenson and Belloc draw their inspiration as much from Borrow 
£is from Sterne. [2 vols., with map and illustrations, crown 8vo, 12s., Murray, 1896 ; 
I vol., 6s., Murray ; Cheap Edn., 2S. 6d. ($1 n., Scribner, New York) ; Pocket Edn. (New 
Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Button, New York).] 

Lavengro ; the Scholar, the GipBy, the Priest. 1851 

The Romany Rye [sequel]. 1857 

Lavengro and its sequel, The Romany Rye, are the sacred books of those who confess the true 
gospel of vagabondage. Borrow was a natural wanderer, a passionate lover of nature 
for her own sake, though in no sense a naturalist ; with a genius for graphic description 
of both scenery and human character. They are really Borrow's autobiography do\vn to 
1825, with a veil of mystery purposely thrown over it. They describe his wanderings over 
the three kingdoms, his strange adventures, literary struggles in London, vagrancy with 
gipsies, etc. The characters are of a piece, odd and striking, often disreputable people, 
removed as far as possible from the ordinary ; and the strange incidents and the 
glamour of his descriptions give us a most enchanting blend of romance and realism. 
Dr. Jessopp calls it a story " which, in the exquisite beauty of its setting and the inimitable 
blending of the elements of gentle pathos and rugged tenderness — in the dialogue — it would 
be difficult to find a parallel for in modern English literature." Borrow's pure, racy, and 
finely cadenced English is a delight to connoisseurs of prose. 

[Each 6s., cr. 8vo, Murray; Cheap Edn. 2s. 6d. ($1 n., Scribner, New York); Pocket Edn. 
(New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York).] 

Bradley, Rev. Edward [" Cuthbert Bede " ; 1827-89.] The Adventures of Mr. 
Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman. 1853-57 

The tomfoolery, high-jinks, and hoaxing of undergraduate life at Oxford. Though the author 
was not an Oxford man, he was correct enough in depicting the actual manners and 
customs of the university, exaggerating only for the purposes of low comedy. [Illustrated 
by the author, is., cr. 8vo, Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York). The Adventures and 
Further Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, 6s. n.. Young, Liverpool.] 

Little Mr. Bouncer and his Friend, Mr. Verdant Green [sequel]. 1857 

Chiefly a supplemental portrait of little Mr. Bouncer, the most comical of the author's Oxonians. 
[Illustrated : 2s., is., J. Blackwood, 1890.] 

Charles, Elizabeth [n^e Rundle ; 1828-96]. Chronicles of the Schonberg-Cotta 
Family. [juvenile] 1863 

The domestic and civic side of Luther and Melanchthon's lives (1503-47) ; a book founded 
on painstaking research, and animated largely by a didactic purpose. [5s., 3s. 6d., Nelson ; 
2s., Partridge ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] 

Diary of Mrs. Kitty Trevelyan. [juvenile] 1864 

" A story of the times of Whitefield and the Wesleys " (1745-50). [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 

The Draytons and the Davenants. [juvenile] 1867 

[3s. 6d., Nelson.] 

F 65 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Charles, Elizabeth [continued). — On Both Sides of the Sea [sequel], [juvenile] 

1868 

The Civil War, the Commonwealth, and the Restoration. Strong domestic and religious 
interest. Baxter, Foxe, Bunyan, etc., come in. First story covers 1637-49, and the sequel 
1649-60. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 

The Victory of the Vanquished. [juvenile] 1871 

A story of the early Christians. [2s., S.P.C.K.] 

Conquering and to Conquer. [juvenile] 1876 

Told by a centenarian abbess — the days of her youth, the persecutions, the Christian life of 
her mother and herself, the slow conversion of her philosophic father, the careers of 
Jerome and St. Augustine. The year 404 was signalized by the sacrifice of the monk 
Telemachus as a protest agcunst the gladiatorial shows. [2s., S.P.C.K. ($1, Dodd & 
Mead, New York).] 

Lapsed, but not Lost. [juvenile] 1877 

A tale of the Christians at Carthage. [2s., S.P.C.K. ($1, Dodd & Mead, New York).] 

Joan the Maid. [juvenile] 1879 

Joan of Arc (1401— 31). [2s. 6d., S.P.C.K.] 

Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop [1846-81]. For the Term of his Natural Life. 1874 

Convict life in Tasmania in the '30's and '40's, pictured realistically with all its hideous 
accompaniments of brutality and innocent suffering, eind no concession to poetic justice ; 
a careful study of the facts. Graphic sketches of Australasian scenery are interspersed 
with the narrative. [6s., Macmillan ; 25c., Laird, Chicago.] 

Clive, Mrs. Archer [Caroline, ne'e Meysey-Wigley ; 1801-73]. Paul Ferroll. 1855 

Paul murders his wife in order to marry a girl he loves, and manages to avert suspicion and 
live a happy life with his new wife and his daughter. At length, however, the guilt is 
brought home and his condemnation kills his wife, while he escapes with his daughter 
and settles down to a repentant life abroad. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Why Paul Ferroll Killed his Wife [sequel]. i860 

The names are changed in the sequel, but the characters represent the same dramatis personcs. 
An equally gloomy narrative, every character and every particle of the environment 
taking the hue of the dominant situation. The hero is a man whose intellectual powers 
have raised him so high that he thinks himself superior to moral laws : absolutely selfish, 
fearless, and remorseless, he commits his crime and lives securely till events betray his 
guilt. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Collins, William Wilkie [1824-89]. Antonina. 1850 

Alaric in Italy — a really fine historical novel (408-10). 

Hide and Seek. 1854 

A novel depending on a long-kept secret. Plot : how a brother, having hunted out the 
destroyer of his sister, relinquishes his vengeance for the sake of his friend, the villain's son. 
Moral purpose : to show how by kindness and patience the life of a deaf and dumb girl 
may be made happy. 

After Dark. 1856 



A series of stories told by a painter whose sight is failing. The Yellow Mask, a story of Pisa, 
has much of the grisly effect of Poe's tales. A jealous woman masks herself with a waxen 
cast of a man's dead wife and nearly kills him with horror. 

— The Dead Secret. 1857 

Here plot-interest completely overrides the human interest, sustaining the reader's curiosity 
up to the moment when the secret is revealed. There are, however, some scenes and 
characters (e.g. Uncle Joseph) that stir sympathetic emotions. The old Cornish house 
with its mysterious associations recalls Mrs. Radcliffe. 

66 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Collins, William Wilkie (continued). — The Woman in White. i860 

Develops the mechanics of plot to an extreme stage. Collins adopts the attitude of inviting 
the reader's ingenuity in discovering the identity of a puppet-heroine and detecting 
the real object of a villainous conspiracy. The arch-villain, Count Fosco, has a certain 
amiability and some human idiosyncrasies which save him from forfeiting all sympathy 
by his crimes, and he, Mrs. Catterick, and Fairlie are the three best drawn of Wilkie 
ColUns's characters. Collins was the most expert novelist in what Stevenson called the 
carpentery of plot. This is an excellent example of his complicated mystifications, every 
part of which is accurately dovetailed and subordinated to the denouement. 

No Name. 1862 

Less of a puzzle-plot than the last, preferring to foreshadow events. The disadvantage of 
illegitimate birth is the leading motive — a girl deprived of her father's money by this 
misfortune tries under a false name to marry the heir ; another unscrupulous woman 
protects the invalid hero. Capt. Wragge, the swindler, and his wife are comic figures. 

Armadale. 1866 

The mainspring of this story, which abounds in coincidence, is a crime the effects of which 
come to a head in the second generation. An attempt to deal imaginatively with the 
physical and moral results of heredity. A feminine counterpart to the villain Fosco 
plays a signal part, giving her life to save her lover from the fatal consequences of her own 
crime. The amorous gardener, Abraham Sage, and Miss Gwilt are capitally done. 

The Moonstone. 1868 



The theft of a celebrated jewel, and its quest and restitution by devoted Hindoo priests, after 

an Iliad of adventures, to the idol from whose forehead it had long ago been wrenched, 

make an intricate story. An excellent mystery-plot, borrowing strong romantic effect 

from the dark and mysterious Brahmins. The old servant, Gabriel Betteridge, and Miss 

. Clack are good comic characters, studied from Dickens. 

— Man and Wife. 1870 

A fierce onslaught upon Athleticism, the villain being a champion boxer, runner, and a savage 
in manners and morals. The defects of the Irish and Scotch marriage laws, the tyrannical 
power of husband over wife in England, are the causes of the chief disasters involved in an 
exciting plot. 

— Poor Miss Finch. 1872 

A sensation novel, with a blind girl as heroine, a hero suffering from epileptic fits, and a 
great amount of surgical and medical details in the plot business. As usual, full oi 
complicated intrigue involving good people and bad. Poor Miss Finch, a lovable girl, 
though little more than a child in character, is at length married to a good, silly young 
fellow, Oscar, who, with his twin-brother Nugent, is the focus of some puzzling situations. 



The New Magdalen. 1873: 

The tragic redemption of a camp-follower, time of the Crimean War. 

Heart and Science. 1883 

An assault on Vivisection, the most prominent character being engaged in practical biological 
research. Enlivened by humorous descriptions of Scottish life and character by a viva- 
cious child. 

Little Novels. 1887 

Contains in little the characteristics of his full-length novels, ingeniously complicated plot, 

ravelled and then unravelled, and a weakness for supernatural incident. 
[Each 3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] 

Craik, Dinah Maria [n^e Mulock ; 1826-87]. The Ogilvies. 1849 

Mrs. Craik wrote a long series of mediocre domestic novels with a strongly didactic tcndoncv, 
of which the better are given here. This is a story of first love, told with plenty of sentiment 
and some scenes of pathos, as, for example, that of Leigh's death. [2s., Macmillan ; $1, 
Harper, New York.] 

67 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Craik, Dinah Maria [continued). — Olive. 1850 

The main story — there are divers underplots — is an attempt to make an attractive heroine 
of a cripple who is without beauty ; the latter half deals with the cripple's successful attempt 
to convert her agnostic husband, [is., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., Macmillan, 1890; $1, Harper, New 
York.] 

John HaHfax, Gentleman, 1856 

This is Mrs. Craik's finest story — her full-length portrait of an ideal man. By faithfulness 
and courage he rises from extreme poverty to wealth, and marries a girl of gentle family. 
The period covered is 1 780-1 834, and we get peeps at Lady Hamilton and other celebrities, 
glimpses of the riots caused by the introduction of steam machinery, and a pleasing 
chronicle of old-fashioned life in a provincial town (Tewkesbury). It is supposed that 
Halifax was studied from Handel Cossham, son of a Gloucestershire carpenter, and later 
a wealthy colliery proprietor. [3s. 6d., 2s., Hurst & Blackett ; §1, Harper, New York ; 
Illustrated by Hugh Riviere, 6s., Hurst & Blackett, 1896] 

A Life for a Life. 1859 

A problem-novel, dealing with the nemesis of a repented crime and assailing capital punishment. 
A man attacks another under extreme provocation and accidentally kills him. He keeps 
the act secret until, later on, he loves a woman, who turns out to be his victim's half-sister. 
[3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1, Harper, New York.] 

Mistress and Maid. 1862 

A sober tale of humble life : didactic like the rest. Both mistress and maid are womanly and 
exemplary people, the one gaining the reader's sympathy by her determined struggle 
with adversity, the other by her simplicity and loyalty and the pathos of her love romance. 
r3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; §1, Harper, New York.] 

The Woman's Kingdom. 1868 

Is less ambitious but shows her ability to reveal feminine character. The love stories of 
two sisters are contrasted for the sake of the moral. The plain sister is loved for her 
good disposition and happy home life ; the beauty is incapable of deep affection, and her 
lover's life and her own are marred by her selfishness and inconstancy. [3s. 6d., Hurst & 
Blackett ; $1, Harper, New York.] 

Dasent, Sir George Webbe [1817-96]. Annals of an Eventful Life. 1870 

Containing in the form of a novel a good deal of the author's autobiography. He was a great 
Scandinavian scholar, and had travelled in Iceland. [5s., Hurst & Blackett: o.p.] 

The Vikings of the Baltic. 1875 

A story of the Vikings (lagt quarter of the loth century). [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Chapman : o.p.] 

Dempster, Charlotte Louisa Hawkins [1835- ?]. The Hotel du Petit-St.-Jean : 
a Gascon Story. 1869 

'Pictures the simple life and manners of a southern French town, with delicate touches and an 
affectionate sympathy with Proven9al ways and ideas. The httle idiosyncrasies of a 
crowd of characters, from the Pr6fet and Prefette downwards, are humorously sketched. 
The main thread of the triple story is concerned with the growth of Marie's character — 
a sunny and impulsive girl to whom pathetic experiences of life bring gravity and wisdom. 
Much is made of the lovely scenery of the Garonne. [2s., Smith & Elder : o.p.] 

Vera. 1871 

V6ra is a high-born Russian, who loses her boy-lover at Inkermann, and in the course of years 

gives her hand to the English officer who accidentally slew him. The scenes that set forth 
this operation of Destiny, as the author regards it, occur in Moscow, the Crimea, Italy, 
Nice, London, etc. Attention is chiefly directed to the expansion and ripening of Vdra's 
beautiful personality ; her bright and careless disposition is deepened by troubles and 
experience of the world, till at last love gives her a new view of life. [2s., Smith & Elder: 
o.p.] 

Iseulte. 1875 

Memoir of a Frenchwoman, noble by birth and by character, who meets with some of the 

most tragic calamities of life, but by fortitude and unselfishness rises superior to fate, 

68 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

and is rewarded with a middle-age of happiness. Her sister, who is entrapped into a 
convent and sacrifices her love, is a pathetic counterpart to the lovely character of Iseulte. 
Life in the pro\'inces and at the front during the convulsions of 1870 is described, and the 
virtues of the old nobility are contrasted with plebeian vulgarity and self-seeking. [2s., 
Smith & Elder: o.p.] 

Dempster, Charlotte Louisa Hawkins {continued). — Blue Roses ; or, Helen 
Malinofska's Marriage. 1877 

A story of hopes and ideals unfulfilled. The Polish heroine fails to attain, in her marriage 
with a Devonshire squire, the happy love that she had dreamed of in her joyous girlhood, 
and she dies in estrangement. Polish life and characters favourably depicted and con- 
trasted with an unpleasant set of English people. [6s., Paul : o.p.] 

Edgar, John George [1834-64], Cavaliers and Roundheads. [juvenile] 1861 

Edgar was first editor of Every Boy's Magazine and a great book-maker for bo}^, writing 
either biographies or stories incorporating the chief incidents of great historical epochs. 
[3s. 6d. ($1), Wame.] 

How I Won my Spurs. [juvenile] 1863 

A boy's adventures in the Barons' Wars (1264-5). [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] 

The Boy Crusaders. [juvenile] 1865 

" A story of the days of St. Louis IX " ; Seventh Crusade (1248-50). [is.. Nelson.] 

Cressy and Poictiers. [juvenile] 1865 

Story of the Black Prince's page (1344-76). [2s., Routledge, 1906; 3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] 

Runnymede and Lincoln Fair. 1866 



A story of the Great Charter. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] 

Edwardes, AmeHa Ann Blandford [1831-92]. Barbara's History. 1864 

The character and inner life of a girl, the romance of her courtship, her experiences in a German 
college (a part related with intimate sketching of national and local traits), and her 
romantic marriage — all soberh' and sympathetically related — and a series of minor charac- 
ters, such as Mr. Sandyshaft,stem and irascible externally, but inwardly full of kindness, 
drawn with quiet humour. The plot is based on a mystery that causes estrangement 
between Barbara and her husband. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] 

Debenham's Vow, 1870 

Gives an excellent description of blockade running into Charleston harbour during the American 
Civil War. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] 

Lord Brackenbury. 1880 

Like Barbara, comprises much portraiture of foreign people and society, and careful descrip- 
tions of foreign towns and scenery ; but the old manor-house and other local colour from 
Cheshire are also accurately studied from life. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] 

Edwardes, Mrs. Annie. Archie Lovell. 1866 

The story of a pretty young hoyden, whose audacity is equalled only by her innocence. She 
scandalizes the " shady English " of Morteville, a continental resort of the shabby genteel, 
by her tomboyish manners and defiance of convention, and at last escapes narrowly 
from the disastrous consequences of a wild adventure with a young man, undertaken in 
perfect ignorance of the ways of the world. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] 

Susan Fielding. 1869 

Susan is one of the immaculate heroines ; compared with her, perhaps as a foil, is the more 
human and more intelligent Portia Ffrench, a type of the ambitious woman of the world, 
far from bad at heart, but determined above everything on a wealthy marriage. [2s., 
Macmillan.] 



— Ought We to Visit Her ? 1872 

A young wife of Bohemian antecedents, shunned by the respectable people of Chalkshire and 
neglected by her unworthy husband, is tempted and almost seduced into folly, but suddenly 
awakes. [2s., Macmillan.] 

69 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Edwardes, Mrs. Annie {continued). — Leah, a Woman of Fashion. 1875 

An English boarding-house in the Rue CastigUone suppUes a comprehensive character-picture 
of a set of Bohemian Enghsh people, runaway debtors, separated wives, gamblers, rakes, 
and others of damaged reputation. [2s., Macmillan.] 

A Girton Girl. 1886 



The love troubles of a girl who wanted to go to Girton, the flirtations and mischief-making of a 
married lady, a cynical and selfish man's attentions to an innocent girl : the characters 
are idlers amid the picturesque scenery of the Channel Isles. [6s., Macmillan : o.p.] 

" Eliot, George " [Mary Anne Cross, nee Evans ; 1819-80]. Scenes of Clerical 
Life. 1858 

George Eliot was the most philosophical of the great novelists. She carried ethical interests 
and analysis of motive much farther than Mrs. Gaskell, as was natural to one who had been 
immersed in rehgious and philo-sophic criticism from youth to middle-age, when she began 
to write her novels. Scenes of Clerical Life, described by her as " Sketches illustrative of 
the actual life," contains Amos Barton, a story full of humanism, portraying the home life 
of a poor curate, commonplace in character and appearance, and his wife, a being of 
adorable kindness and devoted love ; Mr. Gilfil's Love Story, the bygone romance of 
an elderly gin-drinking man, a tragic little drama of passion and jealousy ; and Janet's 
Repentance, the awakening and moral rebirth of a beautiful woman, driven by harsh 
treatment to drink. Ordinary life is interpreted in the light of spiritual ideals, and the 
humour and pathos of common things are revealed with delicate art. 

Adam Bede. 1859 

A dam Bede goes deeper into the dark places of human nature, and sets forth a coherent philo- 
sophy of conduct and inexorable retribution. An innocent country lass is seduced by 
the young squire ; and crime, remorse, suffering for the innocent as well as the evil- 
doers, are the tragic consequence. The rustic aphorist, Mrs. Poyser, is the most humorous 
creation, and the inspired preacher, Dinah Morris, the most exalted. Both are idealizations 
of people George Eliot knew. Village Ufe, the farmyard, and all the ordinary aspects 
of country life a hundred years ago, are presented with* the minute strokes of a Dutch 
painter. Loamshire is North Staffordshire, and Stonyshire, Derbyshire. Dinah Morris's 
origmal, Elizabeth Evans, aunt by marriage of George Eliot, actually preached at Wirks- 
worth. In fact, many characters in this novel and later are studied from people the 
author knew and loved. 

The Mill on the Floss. i860 

Another deeply significant tragedy of the inner life, enacted amidst the quaint folk and old- 
fashioned surroundings of a country town (St. Ogg's is Gainsborough). The conflict of 
affection and antipathy between a brother and sister, and again in the family relations of 
their father, is a dominant motive ; but the emotional tension rises to a climax in Maggie's 
unpremeditated yielding to an unworthy lover and betrayal of her finer nature. Brother 
and sister (they stand psychologically for George Eliot herself and her brother Isaac) are 
purified and reconciled only in death. Among the characters whose humours provide 
many comic pages the three aunts are famous ; there is the wonted prodigality of 
aphorisms. 

— Silas Mamer, the Weaver of Raveloe. 1861 

A country idyll of a century ago : contains in small compass the finest elements of the longer 
novels. The wronged and despised weaver shuts himself up with his gold in misanthropic 
solitude ; but his gold is stolen, and a ministering angel comes in the shape of a little child 
to win him back to hope and love. Sin and its tragedy, innocence with its powers for 
good, are the themes worked out with the usual strict causation ; while village humorists 
sustain passages of genial comedy. 

Romola. 1863 

This novel marks the transition to a more systematic kind of philosophic realism and the 
gradual exhaustion of her humour. It is based on a special study of Florentine history 
in the epoch 1492-1509, the days of Lorenzo de' Medici, and the saintUness and all-con- 
quering energy of Savonarola are finely portrayed. Romola is a tragic problem-novel of 
temptation, crime, and retribution. The weak butterfly Tito mortally wrongs his bene- 
factor and believes himself safe from the consequences ; but the net of destiny closes 

70 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

round and he meets with his proper doom. The spiritual growth of Romola, tried by 
many ordeals and many undeserved wrongs, is the artistic contrast to the base career of 
Tito. 

" Eliot, George " {continued). — Felix Holt, the Radical. 1866 

This is a feebler work altogether. Holt is a champion of the working-men at the period just 
after the Reform Act, and is in love with a girl of the better classes. The doctrine evolved 
from the study of industrial and social conditions is that true progress must come from 
internal reform rather than from legislation. Gerald Massey, the poet, is believed to be the 
original of Felix Holt. 

Middlemarch. 1871-2 

Pictures with intense reahsm and a wealth of detail the divers characters, social cliques, and 
complex life of a provincial town. A novel almost destitute of plot, yet unified by the 
dominant idea of moral causation into a tragic drama of deserted ideals and failure. 
Dorothea's unfulfilled aspirations, Casaubon's barren pedantry, Bulstrode's hypocrisy, 
Lydgate's ambition quenched by an unsuitable maxriage, all illustrate the fundamental 
theorem ; the happier lives of Caleb (said to be a study of George Eliot's father) and 
Mary Garth enforce the moral. Dorothea is the final incarnation of the ideal imaged in 
Maggie and Romola, and is said to be drawn from Mrs. Mark Pattison. 

Daniel Deronda. 1876 

Sets forth a grave, spiritual conflict. The chief actors are a gay and accomplished girl, and 
her husband, a selfish tyrant who exemplifies the blighting influences of purely material 
civilization in the modem world. Closely connected is the story of the unselfish Deronda 
and Mordecai, Jewish leaders in a Zionist scheme. The longest and heaviest of her 
novels. A sombre book, with little humour. 

[Edns. of " George Eliot's " works: (Library Edn.), 10 vols., each los. 6d. n., Blackwood, o.p. 
(§2. 50 n., Lippincott, Philadelphia); (Standard Edn.), 21 vols., each 2s. 6d., Blackwood 
($1.25, Scribner, New York) ; (Cabinet Edn.), 24 vols., each 5s., Blackwood, o.p. ($1.50, 
Dana Estes, Boston); (Warwick Edn.), 14 vols., each 2s. n., Blackwood ; (Popular Edn.), 
each book in i vol., 8 vols., each 3s. 6d., Blackwood (75c., Caldwell, Boston). American 
Edns. : (Library Edn.), 7 vols., $10.50, Crowell, New York ; (New Foleshill Edn.), 
12 vols., $18, Little & Brown, Boston ; (Handy Edn.), 12 vols., $15, Dana Estes, Boston ; 
(Sterling Edn.), 8 vols., Dana Estes, Boston.] 

EwiNG, Juliana Horatia Orr [nee Gatty ; 1842-85]. Jackanapes. [juvenile] 1883 

Written for children ; the story of a gallant boy's self-devotion. The best known of her 
many stories and a favourable specimen of her sympathetic drawing of child-character 
and the joys and sorrows and the humours of childhood. {Illustrated by Caldecott, is., 
S.P.C.K. ; 30c. n., E. & J. B. Young, New York, 1884.] 

Melchior's Dream ; and other Tales. [juvenile] 1862 

Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances. [juvenile] 1868 

The Brownies ; and other Tales. [juvenile] 1870 

A Flat Iron for a Farthing. [juvenile] 1873 

We and the World : a Book for Boys (2 parts). [juvenile] 1873 

Jan of the Windmill : a Story of the Plains. [juvenile] 1876 

Mrs. Ewing was the daughter of Mrs. Gatty, the author and editor of children's books hardly 
less delightful She wrote an admirably pure and pellucid style, and her truth to nature 
and whimsical humour are charming to both old and young readers. These books — and 
she wrote many others scarcely at all inferior — are classics amongst literature for children. 
[Each IS. 6d., S.P.C.K.; (i) illustr. by Gordon Browne, (2) by Wolf, (3) by Cruikshank. 
(4), (6) by Mrs. AUingham, (5) by W. L. Jones, each is.. Bell.] 

Farrar, Frederick William, Archdeacon [1831-1903]. Julian Home: a Tale of 
College Life. 1859 

A specimen of several stories of school and college life by this author, written with a didactic 
aim. Julian is a good young man, who meets with impediments and sorrows in his college 

71 



ENGLISH FICTION 

and university career, but emerges all the stronger and fitter for his future life as a clergy- 
man. The characters who meet with the author's reprobation are the fast young men 
who do not read, and indulge in expensive dissipation. [6s., 3s. 6d., is.. Black {$1.25, 
Button, New York).] 

Farrar, Frederick William, Archdeacon (continued). — Darkness and Dawn. 1892 

Paganism face to face with Christianity in Nero's reign — an historical sermon on the irresistible 
superiority of character engendered by Christianity in social and political life. [6s. n. 
(§2), Longman.] 

Gathering Clouds. 1896 

A similar didactic romance, giving a view of the Byzantine Empire at the time of the pagan 
reaction against Christianity (a.d. 387-438), the world overmastering the Church. It is 
also a popular history of S. Chiysostom and of his stand against the growing dissoluteness 
and corruption : ends with the capture of Rome. [6s. n. ($2), Longman.] 

Fuller, James Franklin. Culmshire Folk ; by the Author of John Orlebar. 

1873 
Racy characterization of pleasant types and oddities in a western village, where there are 
many gentry as well as agricultural folk ; humorous sketching of social intercourse, good 
stories, women's warfare, etc. [3s. 6d., Cassell, 1888.] 

John Orlebar, Clerk ; by the Author of Culmshire Folk. 1878 



Mainly incisive character-sketches of clerical people — John Orlebar, the Broad Churchman, 
his Bishop, and various Church dignitaries, along with some rustic folk of all grades of 
Society. The interlocutors are very witty and skilled at repartee ; yet it is not only an 
amusing story, but also a thoughtful study of important religious problems. [2s., Cassell, 
1890.] 

Chronicles of Westerley : a Provincial Sketch ; by the Author of Culmshire 

Folk. 1892 

Character-sketches of very pleasant and humorous people in the West Country, amusing 
eccentrics some of them. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] 

Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghom [nee Stephenson ; 1810-65]. Mary Barton ; and 
other Stories. 1848 

An early attempt to depict the very poor sympathetically, and to study their social problems 
from a human standpoint. A tragic story of factory-hands in Manchester, the cardinal 
incident a murder with which Mary's lover is wrongly charged. Reveals the workings of 
motive and conscience, and draws some beautiful types of intrinsic nobility and fortitude. 
Cousin Phillis is an affecting love story, set in pastoral surroundings. My French Master 
is a touching portrayal of an imigri, whose politeness and refined nobility realize the old 
ideals of his order. Written during 1845-7. 

Ruth ; and other Tales. 1853 

A seduced girl by a pious fraud brings up her child honourably, but afterwards suffers for the 
deceit and brings retribution on the minister who assisted her. A controversial book, 
one of the first to claim the same standard of purity for men and women. Mr. Harrison's 
Confessions is a humorous sketch of provincial life in the style of Cranford. 

Cranford ; and other Tales. 1853 

By far the finest of her novels, and worthy to stand with the Vicar of Wakefield and the best 
of Jane Austen's. Dainty miniature painting of a little old-fashioned, peaceful country 
town (Knutsford, in Cheshire), inhabited by widows and elderly spinsters living in genteel 
poverty. A finely graduated series of characters, rich in feminine whimsies and foibles ; 
with humorous descriptions of bygone etiquette, tea-drinkings, and gossip, and several 
episodes that appeal to the heart. Captain Brown and Miss Matty are two of her sweetest 
characters. The Moorland Cottage is a touching story of woman's love and devotion, and 
The Crooked Branch, a dark and almost incredible tragedy : how a beloved son goes astray, 
and at length becomes so abandoned that he robs his aged parents. 

72 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghom {continued). — North and South. 1855 

Another study of the labour question, on a broader scale than Mary Barton, from the stand- 
point of a just and philanthropic manufacturer, who marries the heroine. Pleads for more 
human relations between employers and employed, just as Charles Reade does in Put 
Yourself in his Place, and aptly contrasts the temperament and spirit of the north and the 
south, the country of the great manufacturers and that of the landed proprietors. 

Lizzie Leigh ; and other Tales. 1855 

Short stories, the best My Lady Ludlow, the character-portrait of a grand old lady, full of 
aristocratic prejudices and conservatism, tempered by humour and goodness of mind. 

Sylvia's Lovers. 1863 

Written after the Cotton Famine of 1862—3, of which the final chapters are particularly 
reminiscent. Theme, the mistakes and disappointments of love and wedlock. The 
sufferings of whale-fishers and other humble folk of old Whitby (Monkshaven) during the 
French welts, and their indignation at the cruelties of impressment, deepen the pathetic 
feeling. St. Sepulchre's is the Hospital of Holy Cross, near Winchester. 

Wives and Daughters. 1866 

Left unfinished, and completed by the writer's daughter. Goes deeply into motive and the 
growth of character ; the issues just the natural issues of ordinary life, and the characters 
shown in all the complexity and diversity that the ordinary characters of real life exhibit ; 
e.g. Molly, a loyal and sunny-natured girl, and the second Mrs. Gibson, a subtly insincere 
and egotistic woman. Like Cranford, has Knutsford for scene. 

[Editions of Mrs. Gaskell's Works : 7 vols., cr. 8vo, each 3s. 6d., Smith & Elder ($1.40 n., 
Scribner, New York) ; 7 vols , sm. post Svo, each 2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ($1 n., Scribner, 
New York) ; (Pocket Edn.), 8 vols., sm. f'cap Svo, each is. 6d., Smith & Elder.] 

Gibbon, Charles [1843-90]. Robin Gray. 1869 

Gibbon was a man with no natural gift for novel-writing, who applied himself to the occupation 
with some commercial success. This is a novelistic treatment of the well-known Scots 
tale. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

For Lack of Gold. 1871 

Similarly this is an idyllic tale worked up with the ingredients demanded by the circulating 
library to make a novel on the stereotyped plan. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

What Will the World Say ? 1875 

A number of Scottish and English characters, soberly drawn, occasionally with humorous 
traits. A millionaire's perplexities when his matrimonial schemes are thwarted by his 
children, who differ so strangely from the generation he knew, their complicated love 
affairs, and the growth of true affection between a runaway couple. [2s., Chatto.] 

The Braes of Yarrow. 1881 

A tale of Flodden Field (1513). [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Golden Shaft. 1882 

The love-story of a provost's daughter, whose mother is prejudiced on the score of gentle birth, 
and a young Scotch manufacturer, about whose origin there is an unpleasant mystery. 
Various worthies of a Galloway village are drawn with sympathy or with the mildest 
satire. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York.] 

Grant, James [1822-87]. The Romance of War ; or, The Highlanders in Spain. 

1846 

Grant's typical romance — love-making in Perthshire, Highlanders in the Peninsular War, 

and the Waterloo campaign ; battle scenes, duels, flirtations, and sketches of Spanish 

character and manners ; the narrative ending with the hero's return to Scotland and union 

with his love. All Grant's novels are suitable for boys. 

The Adventures of Rob Roy. 1848 

A collection of anecdotes and traditions about the career of the doughty cateran (c. 1715), 

with very little if any fiction. 

73 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Grant, James {continued). — The Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp. 1848 

Campaigning and miscellaneous adventure in Italy, battle of Maida (1806) and siege of Scylla. 
Zingari, brigands, patriots, French and British soldiers, all play their part. 

Bothwell ; or, The Days of Queen Mary. 1851 

Career of Mary's evil spirit, Bothwell (1566-77). Opens in Norway, where he is an ambassador 
to the Danish King, with scenes of shipwreck and peril. Lady Bothwell's piteous tragedy, 
the murder of Darnley, Bothwell's amour and marriage with Mary, his miserable end as a 
captive in Malmo. 

The Scottish Cavalier ; or, The Revolution of 1688. 1851 



Dundee and the battle of Killiecrankie. 



— Jane Seton. 1853 
James V's disasters (1537). 

— Philip RoUo ; or. The Scotch Musketeers. 1854 



Scottish soldiers of fortune in the Thirty Years' War ; Tilly, etc. (1626-9). 

— The Yellow Frigate ; or, The Three Sisters. 1855 

The romantic and tragic incidents that marked the close of James Ill's reign, the insurrection 
of the nobles, the battle of Sauchieburn, and the murder of James (1488), followed by the 
sea fights with the English in the Firth of Forth. The fiction has a more prosperous 
ending. 

— Harry Ogilvie ; or, The Black Dragoons. 1856 

A Royalist story of the Great Civil War (1632-51). Scotch politics and religious feuds, the 
Solemn League and Covenant, invasion of England, coronation of Charles II at Scone, 
the battle of Inverkeithing and the sack of Dundee, with, of course, a love-story running 
through the narrative. 

— Frank Hilton ; or, The Queen's Own. 1857 

Scenes of regimental life, a troopship voyage to Aden, the hero's adventurous mission as envoy 
to an Arab sultan, winding up with a big battle in which the Arabs are severely beaten. 
Sketches of Oriental life, scenery, religious and superstitious observances, and Oriental tales. 

— Arthur Blane ; or. The Hundred Cuirassiers. 1858 
The Scottish Guard (1634-7). 

— Lucy Arden. 1859 



A complete narrative of the Jacobite rebellion in 1715, with racy character-sketches of the 
leaders and the more prominent rank and file. The hero gets mixed up with the rising, 
but escapes punishment and wins the heroine of the love-story. Grant shows much 
irresponsible originality in making out " General " Forster to be a good-natured debauchee, 
whose fondness for women nearly led to his capture by the enemy. 

— Mary of Lorraine. i860 



Battle of Pinkie (1547). 

— Oliver Ellis ; or. The Fusiliers. 1861 
Capture of Guadeloupe (1794). 

— The Captain of the Guard. 1862 



James II of Scotland and the House of Douglas. Scenes : Edinburgh, Galloway, and Flanders 
(1440-55). 

— Second to None. 1864 



Adventures of a penniless gentleman,' who serves in the Scots Greys under the Duke of 
Cumberland in Hanover (1759) ; camp life, an exciting night action, swift and strange 
turns of fortune, escapes, disguises, rescues, amours ; a rapid succession of melodramatic 
events, with plenty of horror to flavour. 

— Lady Wedderbum's Wish. 1870 

74 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Grant, James {continued). — Laura Everingham. 1857 

Under the Red Dragon. 1872 

One of the Six Hundred. 1875 

The Lord Hermitage. 1878 

Regimental life, the Crimean War, and love affairs ; rather commonplace stories, told with 

a certain vigour. 

The Duke of Albany's Highlanders. 1880 

Second Afghan War. 

[Each 2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] 

Hall, Marie [n^e Sibree, 1839-85]. Andrew Marvel and his Friends, [juvenile] 

1873-4 
A careful historical study of Kingston-upon-Hull and its worthies, with its relations to the 
history of England during the Protectorate and the reign of Charles II. The two sieges 
of Hull by the Royalists in 1642-3, and the life of the poet Marvel, are the most im- 
portant historical matters. [3s. 6d., A. Brown & Sons, Hull.] 

Hamley, Sir Edward Bruce [1824-93]. Lady Lee's Widowhood. 1854 

Not very complex in motive or characters, but vivacious and full of hearty good-humour. 
Col. Lee is a fine type of character, contrasted with his SAvindling associate, whose degrad- 
ation and ruin are pathetic. The incidents are of an interesting kind, if not exciting. 
[2s., Blackwood.] 

Helps, Sir Arthur [1813-75]. Realmah. 1868 

A number of well-known statesmen, very thinly disguised, discuss the leading questions of 
the day. [6s., Macmillan : o.p.] 

Ivan de Biron. 1873 

A story of Russia in the middle of the i8th century. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Hughes, Thomas [1823-97]. Tom Brown's Schooldays. 1856 

Judge Hughes may be grouped with the exponents of muscular Christianity, and is certainly 
one of the most healthy and unaffected. This is a spirited account of Tom's early days in 
the country and his life at Rugby under Dr. Arnold, telling of his fights and friendships, 
bird-nesting and poaching, school sports and escapades, the whole with a most infectious 
sjTTipathy for boyhood. The love of truth and manliness, Tom's honesty, loyalty, and 
reverence for what is better than himself, make, and were intended to make, a strong 
appeal to young readers. [3s. 6d. (?i) ; (Golden Treasury Ser.), 2S. 6d. n. ($1) ; (Prize 
Edn.), 2s. 6d. (75c.) ; (Pocket Classics), 2s. n. (25c. n.), Macmillan. Illustrated by E. J. 
Sullivan (Cranford Ser.), 6s. ($2), Macmillan ; illustrated by J. A. Symington, 2s. 6d., 
Routledge ; Pocket Edn. (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York).] 

Tom Brown at Oxford. 1861 

The history of Tom Brown's collegiate life — an ideal picture of a young Englishman, the 
athlete, scholar, gentleman. Most of the characters are new. Too obtrusively didactic, 
although the book is silent on the inner life of the university, the prevailing thought, 
religious tendencies, and educational activities. Ends with Tom's marriage and a matri- 
monial homily. [3s. 6d. (§1.50), 2s., Macmillan; Pocket Edn. (New Universal Lib.), is. n., 
Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York).] 

Jenkins, John Edward [1838-1910]. Ginx's Baby : his Birth and other Mis- 
fortunes. 1870 

A satire on English benevolent institutions, illustrating, by the absurd efforts of a poor man 
to get rid of his baby, the dangers to be feared from a vast pauper proletariat. The author 
sums up as follows : " Philosophers, Philanthropists, Politicians, Papists and Protestants, 
Poor Law Ministers and Parish Officers — while you have been theorising and discussing, 
debating, wrangling, legislating and administrating — Good God ! between you all, 
where has Ginx's baby gone to ? " [2s. 6d., MuUan, Belfast : o.p.] 

75 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Jenkins, John Edward {continued). — Jobson's Enemies. 1879-82 

Many characters and episodes, giving the humours of a small Canadian town seventy years ago, 
after which the hero is brought to England. The general lesson is that a great career 
may be ruined from despicable causes, and that a man who wishes to get on should not 
be too uncompromising. [3s. 6d., Sonnenschein : o.p.] 

Kavanagh, Julia [1824-77]. Madeleine : a Tale of Auvergne. 1848 

A love-story, rich in pictures of places and manners in Auvergne (1804), pathetic and unfortu- 
nate in its issue : the disappointed Madeleine devotes her life to founding and fostering an 
orphanage. [2s., Ward & Lock, o.p. ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] 

Nathalie. 1850 

Scene, Normandy ; the country life and characters sketched from memories of a youth spent 
there. NathaUe is a sprightly and impulsive Proven9al, whose errors of tact and judgment 
bring on herself many troubles ; the old Canoness is a fine old native type. A tender, 
sentimental story, thoroughly naturalized as a delineation of French character. [2s. 6d., 
Hurst & Blackett ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] 

Adele. 1857 

An idyllic picture of happy life in an old chateau, with affectionate and truthful drawing of 
French life and manners ; the sunny-natured and high- bom heroine in the sequel marries an 
Enghshman. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett, o.p. ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] 

Silvia. 1870 

To set before us the character and fortunes of this pretty Italian is the main object of the 
novel, which contains pictures of scenery and country life in Italy and France, and 
character-sketching of French people and English living abroad. Silvia is a wilful girl, 
loyal and true, ignorant but gifted, and a winning character. Her love affairs with an 
English engineer, and his melodramatic vendetta with a rascally innkeeper, are the chief 
materials of the romance. (75c., Appleton, New York : o.p.] 

Two Lilies. 1877 

A pair of beautiful girls, intrinsically unlike in character, one of whom, after the proverbial 
troubles, is married to the hero, who has had love passages with both. Character-sketches 
of English people in Normandy, and some farcical pages, with descriptions of a picturesque 
Norman town. [2s., Blackett, o.p. ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] 

Forget-me-nots. 1878 

Compact little tales of quiet French life, sketches of girls, etc., mostly happy and peaceful in 
motive, but touched now and again with pathos, e.g. the peasant idyll. By the Well, a 
complete romance in miniature, the thoroughly native Story of Monique, Mimi's Sin, 
and other Norman stories. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] 

Keary, Annie Maria [1825-79]. Janet's Home. 1863 

An uneventful story of home life, its joys and sorrows, daily hopes and cares ; with delicate 
drawing of average characters in the family of a poor tutor who married a well-bom girl. 
[3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan.] 

Oldbury. 1869 



Resembles Cranford in its delineations of character and manners in a small country town. 
An Evangelical clergyman, amiable, but narrow-minded and lacking in moral fibre, is 
domineered over by the female leader of the serious party in Oldbury, is tried by the 
loss of his wife, and finds his religion not adequate as a source of comfort ; Mrs. Cutwidge, 
an egotistic woman who believes herself an agent of Providence, and the quaint, tender- 
hearted old lady Mrs. Berry, are the other chief persons. Plot deals with the troubles of 
an innocent family, one of whose members is a convict, and the pathos of a girl's love 
when she fears the shame that will take her lover from her. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 

— Castle Daly. 1875 

Irish life fifty years ago at the time of the famine and the Smith O'Brien insurrection. The 
plot deals with many romantic and tragic vicissitudes, and furnishes views of the starving 
peasantry and their squalid but contented existence, and of the landowning classes. 

76 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

The Dalys are half EngUsh. Mr. Daly, who is shot in mistake for an agent, is beloved of 
his tenantry ; one son joins in the rising, another, educated at Eton and prejudiced in 
favour of England, is ultimately converted to Home Rule. The author is studiously im- 
partial. There are other English and Irish types (the nationalist O'Donnell being probably 
a portrait), cdso descriptions of scenery in Galway and Connemara. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ; 
§1.25, §1, Porter, Philadelphia.] 

Keary, Annie Maria {continued). — A York and Lancaster Rose. 1876 

Contrasting characters of two girls. [3s. 6d. (§1), Macmillan.] 

A Doubting Heart. 1879 

A fine novel left unfinished, and completed by Mrs. MacQuoid. [3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan.] 

Kennedy, Patrick [1801-73]. The Banks of the Boro : a Chronicle of the County 
of Wexford. ^ 1867 

A country tale by the well-known student of Irish mythology and antiquities, embodying a 
mass of local tales, ballads, and legends, illustrating in picturesque variety the home life, 
the customs and traditions, and the mercurial temperament of the peasant. [2s., M'Gla- 
shan & Gill, Dublin, 1875.] 

Kettle, Rosa Mackenzie. Lewell Pastures. 1854 

The Mistress of Langdale Hall. 1872 

A domestic story of life in the West Riding on the fringe of the manufacturing district. 
Several characters hold managers' and other positions in mills. A daughter's estrangement 
from her parents by cleaving to an eccentric and imperious relative, with whom they are at 
feud, is the motive, which leads to some emotional scenes. 

Smugglers and Foresters. 1875 



[Each 3s. 6d., Unwin.] 

KiNGSLEY, Rev. Charles [1819-75]. Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet: an Auto- 
biography. 1850 

A tract as well as a novel ; an embodiment of the doctrines of Christian Socialism, inspired 
by Carlyle and by Kingsley's " master," F. D. Maurice. It exposes the evils of " sweating " 
in realistic pictures of the London poor, and enters indignantly into the broader question 
of the condition of England at the time of the Chartist agitation (1838-42). The history 
of a life made abortive by the tyranny of circumstances. Alton Locke is a strenuous 
fighter for the rights of liis fellows, who goes to prison for the cause and dies tragically. 
Among the characters is prominent the generous and fierce old Scot, Sandy Mackaye. 

Yeast. 1851 



A fierce social pamphlet rather than a novel, giving expression to the discontent seething in 
rural districts — the thread of romance, a young fox-hunter's love for an idealist and ascetic 
girl, merely stringing together denunciatory pictures of the condition of the country 
labourer, his poverty, immorality, insanitary surroundings, the tyrannous game laws, 
poaching, and so on. It also opens up problems of faith and scepticism. Appeared in 
Fraser's Magazine in 1848, and is therefore his first novel. 

— Hypatia ; or, New Foes with an Old Face. 1S53 

Hellenic Egypt (c. 413-5), when Christianity and paganism were at war; Goths, Romans, 
Greeks, and a crowd of minor races come on the stage ; and there is great variety of 
situation and incident, of dramatic and emotional pas.sages. The heroine is the famous 
votress and martyr of Neo-Platonism. The polemics of old heresies and old religions 
have a significant bearing on recent controversies, and enable Kingsley to exalt " Muscular 
Christianity " at the expense of what he held to be modern errors. 

— Westward Ho ! 1855 

A kind of national Saga, bodying forth the spirit of adventure that sent Drake, Raleigh, 
Hawkins, Grenville and their compeers to wreck the world-empire of Spain in the East 
and West hemispheres. An impassioned narrative of high achievement, culminating in 

77 



ENGLISH FICTION 

the overthrow of the Armada. A band of young adventurers from Devon sail on a fanciful 
quest to the Spanish Main. Though Kingsley had not yet been there, he paints the 
American scenery magnificently. He idealizes his heroes, who are faultless young men 
from Cambridge, rather than the fierce and lawless natures depicted by Elizabethan play- 
wrights. The prose-epic of Muscular Christianity. 

Kingsley, Rev. Charles {continued). — The Heroes ; or, Greek Fairy Tales for my 
Children. [juvenile] 1856 

The stories of Perseus and Andromeda, the Argonauts, and Theseus, retold in a simple, straight- 
forwaid style, like a modem tale of adventure, so as to be intelligible and delightful to 
children. The moral tone of all Kingsley's work is here, but it does not overweight the 
stories, as happened to some of Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. 

Two Years Ago. 1857 

The story revolves round the life of a rationalist, and, beside the personal interests, opens 
up many problems of conduct and religion. Contains perhaps his best characterization 
of lifelike individuals. There are many descriptive passages dealing with the scenery of 
Devon and North Wales. Muscular Christianity is definitely embodied in the athletic parson. 

The Water-Babies : a Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby. 1863 

A poor little chimney-sweep is carried off by a good fairy, and being equipped with gills is 
introduced to the marvels of the world of waters. The aim is didactic. The pretty little 
fables which alternate with the gay burlesque inculcate the love of Nature, the beauty of 
purity, cleanliness, simplicity, reverence. 

Hereward the Wake ; Last of the English. 1866 

A direct and not unsuccessful imitation of the Sagas — the whole spirit of the book Scandi- 
navian. Hereward is half a Dane, and refuses to fight under the West Saxon Harold. His 
career is like that of the usual Saga hero — a wild, unruly youth, outlawry, brilliant 
exploits abroad, and a return home at last to fight for his patrimony in the Fens. A 
singular contrast to Macfarlane's Hereward — he is no true patriot, but a fierce, passionate, 
unmanageable hero, a true Viking, with fits of Berserk madness. A very free rendering of 
history, but full of life touches and a genuine sense of tragedy. Kingsley's most " muscu- 
lar " novel. 

[Each 3s. 6d. (Si), Macmillan ; (Eversley Edn.), each in 2 vols. (Yeast in i vol.), each vol. 
4s. n. (§1.50) ; (Pocket Edn.), Westward Ho! in 2 vols., each vol. is. 6d. Illustrated 
(Prize Edn.), each 2s. 6d. (50c.).] 

Kingsley, Henry [1830-76]. The Recollections of Geoffrey Hamlyn. 1859 

Henry Kingsley was more of a novelist than his brother, inasmuch as he excelled where Charles 
was weak, that is in the delineation of character. His first two novels were his best, 
freshly made as they were out of an abundant store of personal recollections, Kingsley 
having lived a nomadic, knockabout life in Devon, as a boy, and then on the cattle- 
stations and the goldfields of New South Wales. The scheme of Geoffrey Hamlyn is the 
history of a family and their friends, who leave Devon and settle on farms in New South 
Wales, where the villain of the piece, formerly transported as a convict, turns up as head^ 
of a fiendish gang of bushrangers. The incidents are thrilling, the scenes of happy family 
life and the portraits of healthy sterling character have a genuine fascination, and the 
glorious scenery of Gippsland is depicted with a vivid pen very different from his brother's 
elaborate word-painting. 

-^ Ravenshoe. 1862 



LikeAvise a family romance, introducing us to a crowd of attractive people, among whom even 
the villains and the blackguards have a certain bonhomie. The plot may be neglected, 
elaborate though it is. The squire of Ravenshoe, his scapegrace brother the blackleg 
Lord Walter, the old priest, the children, servants, fishermen, and West Country folk 
generally, are a galaxy of diverse character, and old dowager Lady Ascot, the grand 
seigneur Lord Saltire, and old Humby, the rustic squire, show real humour 

— Austin Elliot [with The Harveys]. 1863 

A slight story with beautiful characters, a charming friendship, and a love affair that is like 
an idealized friendship. Eton, Wales, and Scotland are some of the scenes. 

78 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

KiNGSLEY, Henry {continued). — The Hillyars and the Burtons : a Story of Two 
Families. 1865 

As inchoate as anything he wrote. A baronet's family and the family of a blacksmith are brought 
into contact by events. Kingsley pursues the fortunes of the several members in Chelsea 
and in Australia, and portrays a notable set of honest, manly, and affectionate people. 
Sketches of Australian life and scenery show his deep enthusiasm. 

Silcote of Silcotes. 1867 

A family chronicle, showing a number of strong, masterful, clashing personalities in the act 
of development ; chief among them Silcote, the " Dark Squire," a powerful, bullying, yet 
engaging old " Berserk." Terse, critical, sarcastic dialogue ; situations rather too mono- 
tonously charged with dramatic irony. Scenes : a fine old English country house, a great 
school, and Italy during the war of liberation (1859), with the battlefields of Montebello 
and Palestro. Touches on Puseyism. 

Mademoiselle Mathilde. 1868 

A romance of England and France during the French Revolution. Marat is a prominent 
figure, and Robespierre and Camille Desmoulins come on the stage. The first half light 
comedy, the second melodrama, with the massacres of the Abbaye for the catastrophe. 



— Stretton. 1869 

Like most of his novels, a group of characters rather than a series of events. Recounts the 
childhood, life at school and at Oxford, and the early manhood of children of several county 
families in Shropshire. Sets forth the same great ideal of honest, noble, and affectionate 
manliness. Aunt Eleanor, the frank, sarcastic, warm-hearted farmer, is the figure we 
remember the book by. Ends with a confused account of the outbreak of the Indian 
Mutiny. 

— Old Margaret [with other Stories]. 1871 



A story of the people of Ghent in the time of Philip the Good of Burgundy (c. 1400). 
Plenty of action, description and chziracter, and of his pecuhar touches of human nature. 
The Van Eycks are brought in. 

— The Harveys [with Austin Elliot]. 1872 



The history of a very Bohemian family, comprising pictures of life as varied as the characters. 
Old Mr. Harvey, shiftless and irresponsible, simple-minded, but shrewd in the pursuit 
of theological difficulties ; his favourite son, the artist, whose school life and early career 
are alive with adventure : these and the rest of the family, with their pecuniary troubles 
ajid cheery disposition, are portraits conceived in Kingsley 's usual buoyant and humorous 
spirit. Has a good deal to say about Spiritualism. 

Valentin : a French Boy's Story of Sedan [with Number Seventeen], [juvenile! 

1872 
Kingsley was a war correspondent, and the first Englishman to enter Sedan. 

[Each 3s. 6d., Ward & Lock (§1.25, Longman, New York).] 
Kingston, William Henry Giles [1814-80]. Peter the Whaler, [juvenile] 1851 
The Pirate of the Mediterranean. [juvenile] 1851 

Digby Heathcote. [juvenile] i860 

Rousing stories of adventure by sea and land, wholesome and inspiring for boys, [(i) 2s., 
Ward & Lock (50c., Street, New York); {2) 2s., Routledge; {3) 2s. 6d., Routledge ($1, 
Button, New York).] 

Hurricane Hurry. [juvenile] 1873 

Adventures of a naval officer, chiefly with the British fleet (1764-81). [3s. 6d., Griffith & 
Farran ; $2.50, Pott, New York.] 

The Three Midshipmen. [juvenile] 1873 

The Three Lieutenants. [juvenile] 1875 

79 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Kingston, William Henry Giles {continued). — The Three Commanders, [juvenile] 

1876 

The Three Admirals. [juvenile] 1878 

Adventure stories, putting an exhilarating ideal of devotion to duty before the minds of boys. 
[Each 3S. 6d., Griffith & Farran ($1, Button, New York).] 

From Powder-Monkey to Admiral. [juvenile] 1883 

Naval adventures during the great struggle with Napoleon. [5s., Hodder ; $1.50, Armstrong, 
New York.] 

Hendricks the Hunter ; or, The Border Farm. [juvenile] 1884 

A tale of Zululand. [2s. 6d., Hodder.] 

Lang, John. The Wetherbys ; or, A few Chapters of Indian Experience. 1850 

A journalist's picture of Anglo-Indian life and manners before the Mutiny (c. 1845) ; caustic 
in its satire and caricatures of bygone types of English and half-castes. Ferozeshah 
supplies a battle-piece. [Chapman : o.p.] 

L.WVRENCE, George Alfred [1827-76]. Guy Livingstone ; or, Thorough. 1857 

Lawrence wrote a number of crude, defiant, and theatrical romances of contemporary life, 
proclaiming his gospel of victorious manhood. His " physical force doctrine " was called 
by detractors the creed of " Muscular Blackguardism." Guy is his representative hero, 
a Byronic, arrogant, aristocratic young man, of prodigious bodily strength and implacable 
temper — -a Berserk out of his element in an age of peace and civilization, who discharges 
his pent-up energies in libertine amours and physical sports, in the lack of more serious 
fields for his prowess. His fellows, including the old crony who writes the memoir, love 
him in spite of his cruelty and egoism. The supposed biographer introduces congenial 
anecdotes, such as the defence of a house against Irish moonlighters by a handful of gentle- 
men, with tremendous carnage. Brilliantly satirized in Bret Harte's Condensed Novels. 
[With introd. by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New 
York, 1903).] 

Sword and Gown. 1859 

Here another champion of muscularity, " the Cool Captain," wins the heart of a Society beauty 
and then divulges that he has a wife living. He is eventually killed in the Crimea, whither 
the girl has followed him as a hospital nurse. The novelist hopes that Heaven may have 
mercy on this bold rider's soul, [is., Routledge : o.p.] 

Brakespeare ; or. The Fortunes of a Free-Lance. 1868 



An historical and romantic version of the muscular novel. Brakespeare is a free companion, 
like the famous mercenary Sir John Hawkwood. An almost epical panorama of the 
great days of Cressy and Poitiers, the days of Manny and Chandos (1347-c. 1365). After 
bearing the brunt of a hundred combats, Lawrence's champion falls at the hands of Bu 
Guesclin. The fighting scenes reveal the inspiration of the Norse Sagas, which were at the 
height of a fresh popularity in Lawrence and Kingsley's time. [2s., Routledge.] 

— Breaking a Butterfly : Blanche Ellerslie's Ending. 1869 



Another embodiment of Lawrence's doctrine of the overman. His style is often vivid and 
imaginative, but at its worst as florid and pretentious as Ouida's, and by no means " a 
well of English undefiled." [2s., Tinsley : o.p.] 

— Hagarene. 1874 



Lawrence's idea of an adventuress. [2s., Chapman : o.p.] 

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan [1814-73]. The Fortunes of Col. Torlogh O'Brien. 

1847 

Le Fanu had already Vritten Cock and Anchor : a Tale of Old Dublin (1845), a gloomy novel 
of no importance. This is a good historical novel of 1689-91, when the Jacobites and 
WiUiamites were fighting and plotting to ruin each other. The battle of Aughrim is well 
described. [3s. 6d., Buffy, Bublin.] 

80 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan {continued). — The House by the Churchyard. 1863 

Le Fanu's element was the gruesome and the uncanny, and he produced some remarkable tales 
in the manner of Poe. This is a murder mystery in which a sinister and ingenious ruflBan, 
Black Dillon, cuts a grim figure. The setting gives scenes of social life in a colony of 
officers and their families near DubUn. [3s. 6d., Duffy, Dublin.] 

Uncle Silas : a Tale of Bartram Haugh. 1864 

The ward of Uncle Silas is the heroine. He is a mysterious and malevolent old man who 

schemes to marry her to her profligate cousin and to get hold of her money. Fair means 
failing, a fiendish plot is contrived, into which, however, one of the accomplices, a wicked 
French governess, falls a victim. [3s. 6d., Duffy, Dublin.] 

In a Glass Darkly. 1872 

Five stories from the diary of a neuropathic doctor — a veritable banquet of horrors. In one 

a clergyman is haunted by a loathsome familiar in the shape of a black monkey, and 
is driven to suicide. Swedenborgianism, vampires, gruesome apparitions, trances, and 
other material for creepy sensations are skilfully utilized. Green Tea is Le Fanu's master- 
piece of terror. [4s., Macmillan : o.p.] 

Linton, EHza [nie Lynn ; 1822-98]. Grasp your Nettle. 1865 

Sober delineation of ordinary Ufe in a small circle of country society, living in their own little 
world, immersed in their own petty projects and interests, local gossip and family squabbles. 
The rector's wife and daughter, the Calvinistic curate awkwardly in love with a bewitching 
foreigner, the Dorcas Society, old maids and old bachelors, such are the characters. 
The nettle to be grasped by the heroine's husband is the threat of troubles and disgrace 
that may arise from the reappearance of his first wife, believed to be dead. [2s., Smith & 
Elder, 1876.] 

Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg. 1866 

A Cumberland parish in early 19th century years, in a state of semi-barbarism and irreligion, 
with a devout young ritualist newly appointed as rector. Lizzie Lorton, a half-savage 
young beauty, brought up in a narrow home and panting for a fuller life, is loved by the 
young Oxonian, but prefers a muscular but worthless fellow, who flirts with and jilts her. 
Here are the elements of a drama having some sensational features. The minor characters 
bring in comic views of life among the dalesmen : the dialect faithfully reproduced. 
[2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] 

Sowing the Wind. 1867 

A rather didactic novel of character, with a disastrous married life as main theme. Sympathy 

is concentrated on a woman of energetic and loyal character, whom her husband loves 
for her physical beauty alone. The course of events exposes the weakness of this sensual 
and selfish man, who dies tragically before the end, leaving his wife to marry a brave 
and worthy lover. [3s. 6d., 2s., is. n., Chatto.] 

The True History of Joshua Davidson, Christian Communist. 1872 

A didactic novel, the memoirs of a young working-man. who, in his mistakes and readjustments 
to the ideal, typifies the follower of Christ, [is., Methuen.] 

Under Which Lord. 1879 

The rival lords for a woman's devotion are her husband and the priest. A tract disguised as, a 

novel, very one-sided in its illustration of the moral. The hero is a saintly Agnostic, 
much idealized, the object being to show the evils of priestly interference ; the orthodox 
Christian is depicted as a tyrant and a bully. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Manning, Anne [1807-79]. The Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell. 

[juvenile] 1850 
The family life of the poet Milton, set forth in the autobiography of his wife (1643-6). Their 
meeting and courtship, their London life, the famous estrangement that led to the tracts 
on divorce, and their ultimate reconciliation, related with fullness of detail and deep 
feminine sympathy. Written in a close imitation of the old prose. [Illustrated by John 
Jellicoe and Herbert Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge; $1.50, Dutton, New York; see al.so 
below.] 

Deborah's Diary [sequel]. [juvenile] 1858 

The life of Milton's daughter [with Mary Powell, 6s., Nimmo; with Mary Powell (Every- 
man's Lib.), IS. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York).] 

G 81 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Manning, Anne {continued). — The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Cloth- 
worker of London. 1851 

The founder of the ducal house of Leeds tells his own story, in charmingly old-fashioned lan- 
guage, from the day when he was entered apprentice on London Bridge (1547-59). A 
pretty story that is substantially true. [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., 
Routledge ; §1.50, Button, New York.] 

The Household of Sir Thomas More. 1851 

A restoration of the man and his times, in the imaginative form of a journal by his daughter 
Margaret ; founded on a study of Erasmus and other authorities and imitating the coeval 
style (1522-35). [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge; $1.50, Button, 
New York; illustrated by C. E. Brock, 5s. n., Bent; (Everyman's Lib.), is. n.. Bent 
(35c. n., Button, New York). 

The Commentaries of Ser Pantaleone. 1856 

The story of Tasso and Leonora d'Este, sister of the Buke of Ferrara, told by the lady's 
gentleman-usher (1565-71). The poet's supposed attachment to this princess is said, with 
more or less foundation, to have been one of the causes that led to his confinement in 1579. 
[o.p.] 

Cherry and Violet : a Story of the Plague. [juvenile] 1864 

(1665-6). [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 6s., Nimmo; $1, Bodd & Mead, New York.] 

The Old Chelsea Bun-house. [juvenile] 1866 

A quiet little tale, with pictures of bygone society (i8th century) woven round scenes which 
Miss Manning knew and loved. [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge ; 
$1.50, Button, New York.] 

Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, Anne Askew. [juvenile] 1866 

The story of the famous martj'r (1546). [6s., Bentley, o.p. ; §1, Bodd & Mead, New York.] 

Diana's Crescent. [juvenile] 1868 

Buring Nelson's campaigns (1803-5). [2 vols., los. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] 

Marryat, Florence [Mrs. Francis Lean, prev. Mrs. Ross Church, 1838-99]. Too 
Good for Him. 1865 

Florence Marryat was a daughter of the great nautical romancer, and published some ninety 
novels of a middling popular character. The hero of this, an unloved and neglected son, 
grows up dissipated and unfortunate, and in marrying for money secures a bride whom 
the authoress puts forward as a perfect creature — too good for him. [2s., Warne.] 

Petronel. 1870 



A successful doctor takes under his protection the orphan daughter of the woman who 
jilted him. The girl's impulsive and skittish but loyal character wins the heart of this 
staid, middle-aged man, and he marries her in spite of hostile criticism. One of the more 
passable of her domestic and " psychical " novels. [2s., Warne.] 

Melville, George James Whyte- [1821-78]. Captain Digby Grand : an auto- 
biography. 1853 

A novel after Lytton's style (as exemplified in the Caxtons, etc.), with sporting scenes and 
characters grafted on. Whyte-Melville's speciality was the sporting novel, peopled with 
daring hunters of both sexes, social scenes and country-house life — everything, in short, 
connected with the hunting-field. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock; is. 6d. ($1.25), Longman, 
New York.] 

Tilbury Nogo, an Unsuccessful Man. 1854 

Mr. Nogo, a wealthy sportsman, writes his own reminiscences in a chatty and desultory way, 
with many a regretful reflection thrown in. Runs with the hounds, after-dinner talks 
about dogs and horses, scenes of high play and cheating, desperate flirtations, are loosely 
combined into a story. Mr. Nogo would be a great hunter, but his prowess hardly equals 
his desires. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock; $1.25, Longman, New York.] 

82 



NINETEENTH CENTURY. THIRD QUARTER 

Melville, George James Whyte- {continued). — The Interpreter. 1858 

A serial novel, changing its scenes from England to Turkey, Paris, Hungary, and the Crimea. 
Naughty characters, e.g. an Hungarian princess employed by the Austrian Government 
to seduce her lover, a wicked guardsman, etc. ; but they are regarded through a rosy 
atmosphere that veils the unpleasantness. As to the events connected with the war, it 
may be mentioned that Melville served in the Turkish contingent. [3s. 6d.. Ward & Lock ; 
IS. 6d. ($1.25, 60C.), Longmem, New York.] 

Holmby House. i860 

A romance of 1644-9 — Newbury, Naseby. the captivity and death of the E[ing. Mary Cave, 
the high-souled heroine, is perhaps the author's best female character ; and Cromwell is 
presented in an unprejudiced portrait. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock; is. 6d. ($1.25, 
60C.), Longman, New York.] 

Market Harborough ; or, How Mr. Sawyer went to the Shires. 1861 

A sporting novel of Leicestershire ; published with a rollicking tale, Inside the Bar ; or, Sketches 
at Soakington. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1.25, Longman, New York.] 

The Gladiators : a Tale of Rome and Judaea. 1863 

An energetic story of Rome and the Holy Land (a.d. 69-70). The hero, a noble British slave, 
is loved by a beautiful patrician, who in turn is loved by the Tribune Placidus, a subtle 
compound of sensuality and ambition. Britons and Roman nobles fight in the arena ; 
then the scene is transferred to Jerusalem, the siege of which takes up the later chapters. 
The defeat and death of Vitellius afford lurid scenes of tumult and carnage ; and the finale 
is dramatic. [3s. 6d., is.. Ward & Lock ; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., 
Dutton, New York) ; is. 6d., ($1.25, 60c.), Longman, New York.] 

The Queen's Maries. 1864 

The story of Mary Queen of Scots; Holyrood, Arabella Stuart, etc. [is. 6d. ($1.25, 60c.), 
Longman.] 

Cerise. 1866 

A melodramatic tale of Louis XIV's last days and the Regency of Orleans ; love entangle- 
ments, court intrigues, privateering, adventures in the West Indies, and dealings with the 
Jacobites. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1.25, Longman, New York.] 

Sarchedon : a Tale of the Great Queen. 1871 

Egypt and Assyria in the times of Semiramis (2000 B.C.). A story of action, with some char- 
acter-drawing. The priests of Baal play a conspicuous part, and by a bold anachronism 
the author introduces events in Egypt just before the Exodus. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; 
f 1.25, Longman, New York.] 

Satanella : a Story of Punchestown. 1872 

A racy racing story, showing the best side of military and sporting life — hearty good fellows 
are the typical characters. The fate of the heroine and her favourite mare (both called 
Satanella) is tragic. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1.25, Longman, New York.] 

Katerfelto : a Story of Exmoor. 1875 

A semi-historical novel of 1763, crowded with incident and picturesque character, gipsies, 
deer-hunters, and other inhabitants of the moor. Stag-hunting is described with the zest 
and knowledge of a keen sportsman. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1.25, Longman, 
New York.] 



Sister Louise ; or, The Story of a Woman's Repentance. 1876 

A French romance of Louis XIV's time (c. 1642-55). [2s., Ward & Lock ; with Rosine, 
$1.25, Longman, New York.] 

[Works, 24 vols., 8vo, Thacker, ;^i2 12s. n. ($72 n., Lane, New York).] 

Neale, Rev. John Mason [1818-66]. The Egyptian Wanderers. [juvenile] 1854 
"A story of the Tenth Persecution under Diocletian" (303-13). [2s., S.P.C.K.] 

83 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Neale, Rev. John Mason {continued). — Theodora Phranza. 1857 

A story closing with the fall of Constantinople (1453). Neale was an Anglican divine who 
wrote a long series of historical tales for children, most of them illustrating Church history. 
This and the preceding are among the best of these. [3s. 6d., S.P.C.K.] 

Norton, Hon. Caroline Elizabeth Sarah [n^e Sheridan ; 1808-77]. Stuart of Dun- 
leath : a Story of Modem Times, 1851 

A leisurely and highly elaborated novel of the old-fashioned type, going into minutest par- 
ticulars about home and family surroundings, family history, etc. There are nearly a score 
of separate characters, chiefly Scotch — the heroine is an immaculate creature, the 
hero, a weak man, who risks his ward's fortune, loses it and disappears, returning to find 
her wedded to a brute. She dies of a broken heart. Said to embody a good deal of veiled 
autobiography. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] 

Lost and Saved. 1863 

A special pleading for women wronged, maintaining that the men suffer too lightly and the 
women out of all proportion to their faults. The girl who is shamed is innocent, while a 
Society woman, whose offences are many, is able to present a fair face to the world. Among 
the crowd of minor characters the vulgar and magnificent Marchioness of Updown is 
conspicuous. [5s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] 

Old Sir Douglas. 1868 

The hero is an elderly Scotsman, a high-bred Christian gentleman, weak-natured, but in his 
generosity and chivalrous loyalty a very Bayard. These traits he exhibits disastrously 
in his indulgent policy towards a profligate nephew, and again when entrapped into a belief 
in his wife's unfaithfulness. The domestic plot has side-scenes of Society life, in which 
there is characterization and satire of social types, such as the pharisaical old dowager, 
a grim and bigoted Presbyterian, the selfish fast man, and the stiff-necked Scot. [6s., 
Macmillan.] 

Oliphant, Laurence [1829-88]. Piccadilly. 1870 

An amusing Satire on contemporary society, telling ironically how a mercenary aristocrat 
introduces a family of moneyed nobodies to fashionable circles in London. Tilts at a 
variety of objects which the Bohemian author detested, and half covertly expounds his 
peculiar theosophy, which was grounded on Swedenborgianism and the gospel of the 
inner life. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Blackwood.] 

Altiora Peto. 1883 

A similar combination oi satire and low comedy in the form of a Society novel with an ex- 
position of mystical doctrines. Altiora is victimized by her guardians. An unconvenrional 
pair of American girls and their caricature of a Yankee chaperon are genially sketched. 
The love scenes are highly abstract dialogues on such recondite subjects as matter and 
spirit, humanitarian ideals, etc. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Blackwood. Illustrated : 6s., Black- 
wood.] 

Palgrave, W. Gifford. Hermann Agha : an Eastern Narrative. 2nd ed. 1872 

One of our great Oriental romances. The author, who lived as a Jesuit missionary among 
the scenes he describes so brilliantly, claims that his story is truer than even the Arabian 
Nights to the true Orient. The story (1762-8) of Hermann Wolff, the favourite officer of 
Ali Bey, who revolted from the Porte in 1768 and ruled Egypt till 1771, when he overran 
Syria, but was at last defeated. A thrilling narrative of Hermann's adventures at Bagdad, 
Diar-Bekr, and in the desert, and of his perilous amour with a beautiful Arab. 
Transfused with a passionate love of the desert and the free life of the Bedouin, as 
Lavengro is with the outdoor spirit of the gipsy. [H. S. King & Co. : o.p.] 

Payn, James [1830-98]. Lost Sir Massingberd. 1864 

An ingenious plot-novel, revolving round the mysterious disappearance of a " colossally 
nefarious " baronet. Payn was a follower of Trollope, whose better qualities he now 
and then reproduced, e.g. in his best story By Proxy. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] 

84 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Payn, James {continued). — Married Beneath Him. 1865 

Contains some humorous scenes and a good many jokes, with a pciir of diverting journalists. 
[2s., Chatto ; loc., Munro, New York.] 

Blondel Parva. 1868 

A concise example of the novel of plot. A ruined man insures his life for the benefit of his 
wife and daughter ; then disappears. When, later on, his daughter is entangled with 
two suitors, one of these, the villain, threatens to expose the fraud ; but after divers com- 
plications a happy conclusion is reached, [o.p. ; 2 vols., Bradbury.] 

Bentinck's Tutor. 1868 

A plot-novel, hingeing on the reappearance of a young heir supposed to be drowned, and the 
discomfiture of the villains. Local colouring from the Lake District (which Payn knew 
well enough to write a guide-book). [2s., Chatto.] 

Not Wooed, but Won. 1871 

Full of incident ; how an attractive heroine with a large circle of admirers is lucky enough to 
secure a fortune by one marriage and an estimable lover by the next. [2s., Ward & Lock.] 

Fallen Fortunes. 1876 

The plot excites the reader's suspense as to whether the virtuous people will or will not be 
rewarded with a fortune. Quiet portraiture of character, e.g. the jocular Mr. Dalton and 
the selfish and offensive Mrs. Campden. [2s., Chatto ; 75c., Appleton, New York.] 

By Proxy. 1878 

A strong plot-novel dealing with English people in China and at home, and containing many 
passages descriptive of northern Chinese landscapes and ways of Ufe. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Less Black than We're Painted. 1878 

Very favourable to the theatrical profession ; the heroine an actress, who reforms her spend- 
thrift husband and steers a happy and prosperous course through severe trials. [3s. 6d., 
2S., Chatto.] 

A Grape from a Thorn. 1881 

Life at a watering-place, follies and vanities of fashionable people, the Jacobite craze of a 
country gentleman, and similar stuff, treated in a light satirical vein. The love story con- 
cerns a high-bom girl, the " Grape," and a pair of Bohemian friends. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Canon's Ward. 1884 

Depicts a placid, kindly group of people, at their head the scholarly and amiable old Canon, 
into whose blameless life sorrow comes ungently. The Ward makes a secret marriage ; 
but, her husband being drowned, a man uses his knowledge of the case to make her marry 
him. A happy conclusion is skilfully arranged. [2s., Chatto ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New 
York.] 

The Heir of the Ages. 1886 



The title refers to a wonderful discovery of a lost Saxon treasure. The main interest is in 
a governess who takes to writing and suddenly becomes famous, and the doings of a villain 
who makes love to her in his wife's lifetime. [2s., Smith & Elder: o.p.] 

Reade, Charles [1814-84]. Peg Woffington. 1853 

A free portrait of the famous Irish actress (1720—60) in the emotional episode dramatized 
in Masks and Faces (1852) by Reade and Taylor. The culminating scene in both is a 
contest of magnanimity between the injured women. 

Christie Johnstone. 1853 



Based on Reade's knowledge and liking of Scotch fishing folk. A blasd nobleman goes 
among the fishing population of a town on the east coast of Scotland, and learns charity 
from their rough but sincere and hearty character, getting a taste of real life in an 
adventure that calls out his manhood. Christie and Peg Woffington are Reade's best 
women characters. 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Reade, Charles (continued). — It is Never Too Late to Mend. 1856 

Attacks two social evils — the prison system, which is indicted for its culture of vice ; and 
greed for gold, exemplified in the Australian adventures of two gold-diggers. Founded 
on industrious research on a gigantic scale ; the prison chapters based on disclosures as to 
the cruelties practised at Winson Green gaol, Birmingham, 185 1-3. Brown was sketched 
from Warder Evans (d. 1903). Many of the episodes are of an exciting melodramatic kind, 
but the most horrible rest on documentary proofs. Among the characters may be mentioned 
the saintly and chivalrous chaplain, Mr. Eden, who interferes in the odious tyranny of the 
prison. 

The Cloister and the Hearth. 1861 



As a piece of historical narrative, crowded with characters, brilliantly pictorial, and based on 
indefatigable study, this is one of our finest novels of the Middle Ages, taking the hero from 
the Netherlands through Germany and France to Italy and Rome, and depicting the state 
of all these countries. Attempts with amazing success to reconstruct the whole life of the 
time. The hero is said to be the father of Erasmus, and his story to be true in the main. 
Filled from beginning to end with rapid adventure, with glowing and diversified scenes of 
life, and inspired with a brotherly feeling for human nature in all its phases. [Illus- 
trated by M. B. Hewerdine, 6s. n., 4to, Chatto, 1901 : see also infra.] 

— Love Me Little, Love Me Long. 1859 



— Hard Cash [sequel]. 1863 

Romances carefully built up on solid matters of fact, with an idealized pair of lovers in the 
simple chivalrous sailor, David Dodd, and the Diana-like Lucy Fountain. The hard 
cash is David's hard-earned fortune, fallen into the clutches of a swindler. David goes 
mad with the shock ; hence realistic descriptions of an asylum, founded on a mass of 
documents about lunacy and its treatment in private asylums which evoked rabid criticism . 

— Griffith Gaunt ; or, Jealousy. 1866 

A tragic romance of jealousy and the ruin it brings on innocent people. The pure and nfiag- 
nanimous heroine is wrongfully suspected by her husband, a despicable fellow, who even- 
tually goes to the dogs ; and he leaves her and marries again. Later on she is accused of 
murdering him, and a grim catastrophe is hardly averted by the generous activity of the 
other woman. A happy sequel is appended to these dark scenes. The realism offended 
prejudiced critics, and the novel was severely handled, among others by Swinburne. 

— Foul Play. 1869 

Title refers to a young merchant's conspiracy to wreck one of his own ships and pocket the 
insurance money. The interest is divided between the steps by which this is brought to 
light and the adventures of two lovers on a desert islet in the Pacific ; this Crusoe 
episode has several fresh and entertaining features, but the author's attempts to portray 
character and emotions are singularly unsuccessful. 



— Put Yourself in His Place. 1870 

Condemns rattening and the underhand methods of the trades unions, pleading for sym- 
pathy, in the place of hostility, between capital and labour. 



— A Terrible Temptation : a Story of the Day. 1871 

The man of letters, Rolfe, is Reade's own portrait. This was the novel which the American 
reviewers stigmatized as " carrion literature." 

— A Simpleton. 1873 

— The Wandering Heir. 1873 
Two of his inferior later novels, the second suggested by the Tichbome case. 

— A Woman Hater. 1877 

Depicts the insanitary conditions of village life. Hill Stoke is Stoke Row, a hamlet on the 
estate of Reade's brother at Ipsden. 

86 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Reade, Charles {continued). — The Perilous Secret. 1884 

A posthumous novel based on his Adelphi drama Love and Money (1882). 

Single Heart and Double Face. 1884 

A noveUstic version of his sensational play of the same name (1883). 

The Jilt ; and Other Tales. 1884 

Good Stories of Man and Other Animals. 1884 

Two posthumous collections of his short stories. [Ea. 3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.25, Scribner, 
New York. Works : 18 vols., $24, Dana Estes, Boston.] 

Reade, William Winwood [1838-75]. The Martyrdom of Man. 1872 

Winwood Reade was a gifted nephew of Charles Reade, who travelled in Africa, exploded 
Dr. Chaillu's fairy tales about the terrible gorilla, and wrote miscellaneous attacks upon 
Catholicism and most other religious behefs. This nondescript novel — if it can be called 
a novel — is an undisguised plea for atheism. [Eighteenth edition, edited by Legge, 5s., 
Kegan Paul, 1910.] 

The Outcast. 1875 



An attack upon dogmatic rehgion and intolerance. A sceptic gives up for conscience' sake 
a fat living, and with it all worldly advancement ; submits to the most harrowing trials, 
and out of the depths of his wretchedness curses God ; but at length works out for him- 
self a faith, though a purely abstract and agnostic faith, on which he bases an exalted 
system of morality. [5s., Chatto : o.p.] 

RiDDELL, Mrs. J. H. [Charlotte Eliza Lawson, nee Cowan ; 1832-1906]. George 
Geith of Fen Court. 1865 

A gloomy story of unmitigated trials and disasters : the hero, a study of perseverance in a 
predetermined course of conduct verging on quixotry, a clergyman unfrocking himself 
and toiling for money in the city in order to divorce an unworthy wife ; the heroine, an 
amiable, impulsive woman, who declines to leave her husband when she finds liis first 
wife is yet alive. [2s., Macmillan.] 

The Race for Wealth. 1866 



Analyses character and the conduct of life. The race for wealth is personified in Forbes and 
Barbour, the one a kind, affectionate, and upright man, who advances slowly to moderate 
success, the other a strong and rapid man, who meets with disaster before the goal is won. 
Their love affairs are dealt with — Forbes's long-repressed affection for his friend's wife, 
a dangerous situation harmlessly treated, the other's lawless and calamitous surrender 
to passion. The women also are very seriously anatomized, except the farcical Ada Perkins, 
the butt for the author's ridicule. [2s., Wame.] 

Far above Rubies. 1867 

A quiet country story of a melancholy cast. The patient married life of a good woman en- 
during shghts and injuries from a foolish and selfish husband, who after ruining himself 
on the Stock Exchange commits suicide. Has a good deal to say about financial rights 
and wrongs. [2s., Hutchinson.] 

Robinson, Frederick William [1830-1901]. Grandmother's Money. i860 

Robinson was one of the most industrious producers of novels in the three-volume period, 
since when he has been almost completely forgotten. His master was Dickens, but he 
went beyond his master in faithful realism, e.g. Owen — a Waif and Jane Cameron. He 
wrote 55 novels. This is a wholesome novel of character presenting average people with 
their faults and weaknesses as well as their homely virtues. The grandmother with her 
" unrelenting soul " and deep affections is a lovable being, and the hero, if not of the stufif 
of which heroes are usually made, is human, and his wife loves him. The plot with the 
misdoings of the false lover is rather involved. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.]. 

Owen — a Waif. 1862 

87 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Robinson, Frederick William {continued). — Jane Cameron : Memoirs of a Female 
Convict. 1863 

In these two novels, the first picturing low life in London and the other low life in Glasgow, 
Robinson's photographic realism, saj'S Mr. Watts-Dunton, reminds one of Defoe. Robin- 
son anticipated the poor-life story of recent times, and has had few superiors in humorous 
and sympathetic delineation of the London arab. [(i) 5s., Hutchinson; (2) 2 vols., 21s., 
Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] 

Female Life in Prison ; by a Prison Matron. 1863 

Began a series of novels dealing with prison life. This is based on the personal experiences 
of an actual prison matron. " For perfect realism it was worthy of Defoe " (Watts- 
Dunton). It was accepted by The Times, etc., as an authentic record. [2s. 6d., Low: 
o.p.] 

Mattie — a Stray. 1864 

Mattie is a very humble heroine who has to work hard for her living, first as street hawker, 
then as grocer's book-keeper : but while she is outwardly far removed from the con- 
ventional heroines of fiction, her sterling honesty and upright character make her a 
more admirable type of human nature. The subordinate characters are petty shopkeepers, 
clerks, and mechanics, the various inhabitants, in short, of a mean quarter in London. 
[2S., Ward & Lock: o.p.] 

Christie's Faith. 1867 



A very popular love-tale. The faith is Christie's faith in her lover. [2s., Chapman : o.p.] 

The Courting of Mary Smith. 1886 

The story of a high-minded girl, who inspires a prosaic and illiterate cotton millionaire with 
a pure, self-abnegating love that seems at first sight incompatible with his character. 
[3s. 6d , Maxwell : o.p.] 

Shand, Alexander Innes [1832-1907]. Against Time, 1870 

A novel of finance and city gambling, hingeing on the flotation of a big company, its bubble 
prosperity and collapse. A thoroughly masculine novel, full of special knowledge ingeni- 
ously utilized for romantic purposes. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] 

Shooting the Rapids. 1872 



Financial adventure on the large scale. An English gentleman with estates in Germany and 
England, neither of which yield him anything but the reputation for colossal wealth, 
gambles on the Stock Exchange and at horse-racing, is ruined and meets his death just 
when his property becomes valuable. Written in a highly coloured, almost violent style, 
with admirable descriptions of scenery all over Europe. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith & Elder : 
o.p.] 

Smart, Hawley [1833-93]. Breezie Langton. 1869 

The first of a series of sporting novels somewhat resembling Whyte-Melville's. Desultory in 
plan, consisting of hunting and racing sketches, small talk and flirtation, bets and cards, 
among a fast section of Society ; episodes that are often of a shady kind, but not im- 
moral ; broadly farcical scenes and sketches of character, and, in this case, chatty descrip- 
tions of the Crimean War. [2s., Macmillan : o.p.] 

False Cards. 1872 

Very similar to Breezie Langton ; comic episodes of Bohemian life, love affairs and misad- 
ventures of an innocent but incautious heroine, and scenes of country-house hfe : an 
effervescent mixture of grave and gay. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] 

Bound to Win. 1877 

The horses are drawn with as much individuality as the men, and the interest lies almost 
exclusively in race meetings and stable politics, while the plot depends on the hope of 
retrieving a squire's fortunes by a Derby victory. [2s., Ward & Lock.] 

Smedley, Francis Edward [1818-64]. Frank Fairleigh. 1850 

An old-fashioned kind of novel containing scenes of university life at Cambridge of a rather 
trite, facetious character, much in the rollicking style of Theodore Hook. 

88 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Smedley, Francis Edward (continued). — Lewis Arundel ; or, The Railroad of Life. 

1852 
Aims a little higher. A novel of upper-class society, with a moral. Lewis is a fine fellow, 
whose be.setting sins, pride and passion, he overcomes through suffering and by the help 
of his friend, the bookworm Frere, a scomer of social conventions. The joker Bracy and 
the ass De Grandeville supply the comedy ; the tragedy hinges on the villainy of Lord 
Bellefield, a worldling and a gambler, the hero's evil genius. 

Harry Coverdale's Courtship, and What Came of It. 1855 

A similar effusion to Frank Fairleigh, animated by high spirits and fun and by a wholesome 
enjoyment of the good things of life. Harry is a sporting squire, comfortably off, a lover 
of horses and a terror to poachers. He cuts out a wealthy rival, but is too fond of himself 
to value his wife aright until taught by the troubles and jealousies of wedlock. [Ea. 2s., 
Routledge; $1, Button, New York.] 

Smith, William Henry [1808-72]. Thomdale ; or. The Conflict of Opinions. 1857 

A series of philosophical meditations and discussions, thrown into a personal form as the 
autobiography of a man, tracing the growth of his mind under the influence of self-analysis 
and conversation with his friends. The autobiography is not without affecting passages, 
and there are impressions of nature at home and abroad ; but the main interest is philo- 
sophical ; questions of good and evil, immortality, reaUsm and idealism, even such topics 
as the power of money, are dealt with in a desultory but earnest fashion. [los. 6d., Black- 
wood : o.p.] 

Stretton, Julia Cecilia [nee Collinson ; 1812-78I. The Valley of a Hundred Fires. 

i860 

Founded entirely on reminiscences of the home of her childhood at Gateshead, though the 
scene is ostensibly laid on the Welsh border. The household of a country clergyman with 
a large family of girls, incidents merry or pathetic of their home hfe, with affectionate 
sketches of character, such as the heroine Emily, a portrait of her mother. [5s., 2s. 6d., 
Hurst & Blackett: o.p.] 

Tautphoeus, Baroness Jemima von [nee Montgomery ; 1807-93]. Tlie Initials. 

1850 

A novel depicting everyday life in Bavaria, the personal interest centred in a young English- 
man travelUng for education and experience, and his love for a beautiful German girl, to 
marry whom he sacrifices his prospects. The novelist is at her best in drawing the natural 
contrast between the two German sisters. [2s., Macmillan ; $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

Cyrilla. 1853 

A deeply tragic novel, accurately reproducing the details of the criminal trial of Assessor 
Lahn. [6s., Bentley, 1872 : o.p.] 

Quits. 1857 

Long, with a straggling plot which marries the heroine at the end to the snob who slighted 
her at the beginning. Family life in London, followed by travel scenes in Bavaria and 
Tyrol, with a village drama of love and jealousy. The authoress satirizes vulgarity, but her 
own theory of life is not elevated. [2s., Macmillan ; $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

At Odds. 1863 

Bavaria in Napoleon's time (1800-9), the family history interwoven with the disasters of S. 
Germany, from Hohenlinden to Hofer's insurrection in Tyrol. Plot : how a young man 
is obliged to marry a girl whom he has compromised by pure accident, while he loves her 
sister. Their quarrels, especially their political differences, last a long time and coincide 
with many signal historical events, from the father's death at Hohenlinden and the arrival 
of a French detachment at the Countess's castle, right to the conclusion. [2s., Mac- 
milJEin ; $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

Taylor, Col. Philip Meadows [1808-76]. Confessions of a Thug. 1839 

An Indian romance of adventure and local colour by an Indian officer who possessed an intimate 
and extensive knowledge of native life and character. The incidents are very sensa- 
tional. 

89 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Taylor, Col. Philip Meadows {continued). — Tippoo Sultaun. 1840 

A story of the Mysore War (1788-9) in Sir Walter Scott's style; a very full and elaborate 
picture of the times. 

Tara. 1863 

Ralph Darnell. 1865 



Seeta. 1873 

A series of three powerful tales illustrating three epochs in the history of India. " The his- 
torical events which form the foundation of each of these works are not only of the highest 
importance and interest, but, occurring strangely at almost exact intervals of a hundred 
years, are not exceeded in dramatic power by any actions in the history of India. The 
first tale, Tara, illustrates the remarkable epoch of 1657, when the Mahrattas cast off 
their allegiance, rose to power under Sivajee and defeated the army of Beejapoor. The 
Mahrattas, after sixteen years of warfare, defeated Aurungzebe in 1707, and his death 
and the distractions of the Mahommedan empire enabled them to extend their conquests, 
till by 1757 they became the most powerful State confederacy in India." In that year a new 
political power arose in the English, and Clive won the battle of Plassey. Tara deals 
with the 1657 epoch ; the personages are all native, and the manners, costumes, and 
turbulent conditions of the land are carefully reproduced. Ralph Darnell deals with 
the events of 1757 and the terrible Black Hole tragedy ; and in Seeia the literal fulfilment 
of a prediction that the rule of the English Company should come to an end in a hundred 
years is a motive in a narrative of the Mutiny (1857). " In each tale the great opposing 
interests are personified by great men, the characteristics of the rival races are brought 
out in examples which command admiration, and the romantic interest is secured by 
female characters of entirely novel types." In the last, e.g., is portrayed a beautiful and 
noble Hindu woman, by marrying whom an Englishman scandalizes the European ladies, 
but who proves her worth by dying for him. The violent aspects of the Mutiny are hardly 
touched upon. 

A Noble Queen. 1878 

A romance illustrating one of the most important periods in the history of the Dekhan. " The 
character of the noble Queen, Chand Beebee (contemporary with Elizabeth), is still 
popular in the country, and her memory is reverenced not only as the preserver of Beeja- 
poor, but for the heroic resistance she made to the Moghul armies in their first invasion 
of the Dekhan and siege of Ahmednugger." [Ea. 6s., 3s. 6d., Kegan Paul, 1878-80.] 

Thackeray, Anne Isabella [Lady Ritchie, b. 1838]. The Story of Elizabeth. 1863 

Thackeray's daughter excels in delicate and thoughtful portraiture of character, sober in 
tint, restrained in feeling. The main situation is that of a man in love with the daughter 
of the woman who for twenty years has loved him. His is an unheroic, overprudent 
nature, cursed with indecision. " Ely " is a childlike, wayward girl of varying moods, 
whose character is sobered and deepened by a near vi.sion of death. One or two worldly- 
wise people are mouthpieces for caustic comments on life and conduct. 

The Village on the Cliff. 1867 

Expresses feelingly the sadness of sensitive natures condemned by fate to a cheerless and 
purposeless existence. A poor little governess loves a man who cares nothing for her, and 
marries from mistaken motives one who is not her true mate. Her girlish hopes and 
fears, her awakening to consciousness of her error, and her womanly conquest of passion 
are related with delicate sympathy. Impressionist sketches of natural surroundings in 
Normandy give the keynote of feeling. 

Old Kensington. 1873 

A long novel, full of musings on life that arise out of the incidents like the thoughts of an 
observer of actual events. Robert Henley is a scathing study of the genus prig ; the 
heroine a gentle poetical nature, whose growth is traced from youth up. Descriptions 
of scenery, the Thames, London, Cambridge, illustrating its emotional effect on different 
kinds of temperament. 

90 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Thackeray, Anne Isabella {continued). — Bluebeard's Keys. 1874 

Little novels or long stories of which the essence is character — new illustrations of old fables 

and fairy tales. An English family in Rome and an Italian marquis who loves the 

younger daughter passionately are the personages of the title story, which is a variation 

of the Bluebeard theme. 

Miss Angel. 1875 

A novel of manners (period 1780-1) ; Angelica Kauffmann and Sir Joshua Reynolds. 

Mrs. Dymond. 1886 

A gentle, sweet-natured woman, whose life has little of the eventful, but appeals by its 
quiet goodness and unselfishness : scene, France during the adverse months of the Franco- 
German War, which is set before us as it affected the women and children. [Ea. 6s.. 
Smith & Elder.] 

Trench, William Stewart [1808-72]. leme : a Tale. 1871 

A study of agrarian crime in Ireland (by the respected land agent to Lord Lansdowne 
and other great owners), in which the author uses much of the knowledge he had obtained 
in researches for a history of the nation, which he refrained from publishing owing to the 
feeling occasioned by the controversy over the Irish Land Bill. He endeavours, by a care- 
ful consideration of the temperament of the people, to show the causes of the obstinate 
resistance by the Irish to measures undertaken for their benefit, and the method of cure. 
[2 vols., Longman : o.p.] 

Trollope, Anthony [1815-82]. The Warden. 1855 

The Warden, Mr. Harding, a gentle and innocent old cleric, living a quiet and contented life, 
is suddenly assailed by the newspapers for receiving the profits of a rich sinecure, and, 
half in fear of the odium thus created, half from conscientious scruples, resigns his in- 
come and accepts penury. The cathedral city with its ecclesiastical dignitaries was 
suggested by SaUsbury. Trollope was an enormously prolific writer who turned out 
stories of sound workmanship with industrious punctuality. His realism and patient 
verisimilitude — aiming at no high imaginative creation — produced few characters of 
the first order : Mr. Harding, Mrs. Proudie and the Archdeacon, Lady Glencora, the 
Duke of Omnium and Dr. Thorne, fall verj^ little short of this, however ; they are con- 
centrations of humanism and sober truth to life. He was incomparable in presenting 
clerical society with its peculiar humours and foibles. [3s. 6d. n.. Bell ; is. 6d. (6oc.), 
Longman; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket 
Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane. Illustrated 
by F. C. Tilney, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ; §1.50 n., Dutton, New York.] 

Barchester Towers. 1857 

Resumes the history of this episcopal society, the chief incidents being connected with the 
appointment of a new bishop, the troubles and disappointments this involves, and the 
intrigues and jealousies of the clergy. The characters comprise the henpecked bishop 
and his amazonian lady, the immortal Mrs. Proudie ; Archdeacon Grantley, son of the 
late bishop, who had hoped to succeed ; Mr. Harding ; the eccentric Stanhope family ; 
and the precentor, canons, and other clergy of the cathedral, with their wives. [3s. 6d. n., 
Bell ; IS. 6d. (6oc.), Longman ; is. n (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New 
York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n., Bell; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n., 
Lane). Illustrated by F. C. Tilney, 5s., Svo, Routledge; §1.50 n., Dutton, New York.] 

The Three Clerks. 1857 

Three men in the Civil Service fall in love with three girls, whose differences of character arc 
finely worked out. To the romantic interest is to be added that of delicately ironical 
portraiture, two at least of the clerks being sketched from well-known people. [3s. od., 
Macmillan ; 2s. n.. Long; Pocket Edns. (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Frowde.] 

Doctor Thorne. 1858 

Concerned mainly with the fortunes and misfortunes of Mary Thome, whose troubles com- 
mence with her birth. Beatrice Gresham and Mary, two attractive girls ; divers pairs of 
lovers, actual or potential, whose proceedings lead to some comic situations ; genial 
Dr. Thorne, a country practitioner of strong idiosyncrasies ; and the humorous figures of 
the aristocratic De Courcys, make a numerous and various body of characters. [3s. 6d. n.. 
Bell; IS. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edns. (York 
Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.. Lane). Illustrated by H. L. 
Shindler, 5s., Svo, Routledge; $1.50 n., Dutton, New York.] 

91 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Trollope, Anthony {continued). — Framley Parsonage. 1861 

Another section of Barsetshire Society. The Vicar of Framley, a weak but honest young 
man, is led astray and into debt by a spendthrift M.P., and finds himself in a false position. 
The other branch of the story deals with his sister's chequered love affair and marriage 
with young Lord Lufton. A great crowd of characters are engaged in the social functions, 
the intrigues and the match-making, the general effect of which is comic, though graver 
interest is never far off, and there are situations of deepest pathos. [3s. 6d. n., Bell ; 
2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n.. Button, New York) ; 
Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell ; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane. 
Illustrated by Sir J. E. Millais, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50 n., Dutton, New York).] 

Orley Farm. 1861-2 

A lengthy chronicle of family life (two country houses supply most of the chief personages), 

events revolving round one figure. Lady Mason, a mixed character of guilt and innocence, 
weakness and strength, who forges a codicil in favour of her son and keeps the secret for 
twenty years. A chivalrous old baronet, his high-minded daughter-in-law, and a dry old 
lawyer are all under the spell of Lady Mason's personality, and the drama of guilt and 
shame has a pathetic bearing on many lives. The legal case is complex and difficult, and 
the proceedings subserve the author's purpose of exposing the immorality of wrongful 
advocacy. A pair of bagmen and other minor characters relieve the graver matters with 
chapters of natural comedy, [is. 6d., Ward & Lock ; Pocket Edn. (New Pocket Lib.), 
2 vols., 3s. n. ($1 n.). Lane.] 

The Small House at AlUngton. 1864 

Country life, its quiet, its pleasures and troubles, monotony and dullness, with digressions 
into boarding-house life in London and into high society. Many old friends appear in 
the usual concourse of characters, among whom stand out Mr. Crosbie, a snobbish and 
cowardly trifler, whose virtues are of the plausible sort, but whose temptation and re- 
pentance demand the reader's pity ; Lily Dale, the jilted maiden ; amiable and weak Johnny 
Eames, and the aristocratic doll. Lady Dumbello ; all closely copied from life. [2 vols., 
7s. n.. Bell; 2s. 6d., Smith & Elder; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, 
New York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2 vols., 4s. n.. Bell ; (New Pocket Lib.), 2 vols., 
3s. n. ($1 n.), Lane. Illustrated by Sir J. E. Millais, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, 
New York).] 

Can You Forgive Her ? 1864-5 

A study of the half- realized motives and minor causes that determine conduct. She breaks 
off an engagement because she is infected with modern ideas on the duties and import- 
ance of women, and craves excitement. Plantagenet Palliser, who figures repeatedly in 
the Phineas novels, is a character here, a strong, haughty, and frigid English gentleman, 
a politician devoted to his country's service and a man of indestructible principle, yet 
entirely lacking in personal charm — a very representative national type. [2s., Ward & 
Lock: o.p. Pocket Edn. (New Pocket Lib.), 3s. n. (?i n.). Lane.] 

Phineas Finn, the Irish Member. 1866 

Phineas Redux. 1874 

In this pair of novels Trollope proposed to trace " the changes in men and women which 
would naturally be produced by the lapse of years." These he exemplifies not only in the 
hero, whose vanity brings him bitter disappointment, while his consistent honesty leads 
on to ultimate success, but in Lady Laura's tragic repentance for a mercenary marriage 
and the chequered lives of other characters. Trollope is as successful here in drawing 
political magnates as he had been with his clerical dignitaries, though, of course, the interest 
is not politics but personality. The sequel presents a great trial at the Old Bailey, one 
in which Society is implicated. More characteristic are the domestic chapters, realistic 
hunting scenes, and the ordinary intercourse of country life. A noble M.F.H. and his 
very matter-of-fact courtship, his quarrels with his father, etc., furnish important interests. 
Mr. TumbuU is a satirical portrait of John Bright. [Phineas Finn : 2 vols., 7s. n.. Bell ; 
2s., Ward & Lock: o.p. Phineas Redux : 2 vols., 7s. n., Bell ; 2s., Ward & Lock: o.p. 
Each of the former editions contains an introduction by Frederic Harrison.] 

The Last Chronicle of Barset. 1867 

The ecclesiastical society of The Warden, Mr. Harding, Mrs. Proudie, and the rest, make their 

last appearance. "The dominant situation is one of intense anguish. A poor country 
clergyman, proud, learned, sternly conscientious, is accused of a felony, and the pres- 
sure of family want makes his guilt seem only too probable. His own agony, his wife's 

92 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

terror, and the distress of his daughter, affianced to the son of a neighbouring land- 
owner, are the elements of a profound tragedy. [2 vols., 7s. n.. Bell. is. n. (Every- 
man's Lib.), Dent (35c. n.. Button, New York). Pocket Edn. (York Lib.), 2 vols., 
4s. n.. Bell. Illustrated by G. H. Thomas, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50 n.. Button, New 
York).] 

Trollope, Anthony {continued). — The Claverings. 1867 

Harry Clavering has to choose between the girl to whom he is engaged and his old love, who 
had jilted him, but now turns to him again, rich and a widow. In the minor characters, a 
county family and their friends, the parson and his family, etc., is exhibited the typical 
life of the landed gentry, their dinners, hunting, flirtations, and match-making, their 
egotistic social intercourse, family squabbles, and thoroughly matter-of-fact and unin- 
tellectual existence. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] 

He Knew He was Right. 1869 

A tragedy composed of the homeliest materials. The gradual estrangement of husband and 
wife, beginning with an insignificant difference and ending in strife and agony : the 
husband a portentous image of stupid and obstinate suspicion and proneness to take 
offence. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] 

The Vicar of Bullhampton. 1870 

Photographic portraiture of thoroughly English characters : a genial and manly country 
vicar, who champions the cause of a fallen girl and of a country fellow wrongly suspected 
of murder, and suffers obloquy therefor ; an unfortunate squire in love with the heroine, 
who loves somebody else ; a crusty old farmer, and so on. Episodes of homely life, 
with its everyday interests, humours, and sorrows, form a complexity like the com- 
plexity of actual life. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] 

The Eustace Diamonds. 1872 

Trollope calls his Lady Eustace " an opulent and aristocratic Becky Sharp." Her unscrupu- 
lous lying darkens the mystery of the diamonds and brings about many unexpected and 
amusing turns in the story. There are several characters of a more agreeable type, and 
in the background people already familiar in Phineas Finn, etc. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] 

The Way We Live Now. 1875 

Portrays many phases of English life, high society, country life, the genteel and the humble, 

journalists, commercial men and the world in general, with a keen eye for weak and 
flagitious motive. An exposure of the marriage market and the brutal indelicacy of the 
haggling between such people as the ruined family of patricians and the rascally million- 
aire, who is prepared to subsidize them with his daughter and his thousands. Even the 
honest young man is not altogether attractive. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Trollope, Frances Eleanor [wife of the following]. Black Spirits and White. 1877 

Racy character-drawing and spiritualism are the main ingredients, with love passages and 
low comedy. A cosmopolitan set of people — a girl of lovely nature and a baronet the 
two chief figures ; a vulgar parvenu ; some social parasites ; the great spiritualist, Br. 
Flegge ; a Levantine merchant and his unhappy daughter. [Bentley : o.p.] 

Trollope, Thomas Adolphus [1810-92 ; brother of Antliony Trollope]. La 
Beata : a Tuscan Romeo and Juliet. 1861 

The sufferings of a poor flower-girl of Florence, who is forsaken by an artist. An idealized 
figure, the exponent of the author's advanced views on marriage, maintaining her inborn 
purity in spite of surrounding corruptions. Fierce Protestant bias, in the way the evil 
actions of this or that man are ascribed to priestly influence. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] 

Marietta. 1862 

The scene is Florence, and the book is crammed with details about the city and its surround- 
ings and the everyday life of middle-class people there. The central personage, Marietta, 
is impressive with her indomitable resolution and family pride. [2s., Ward & Lock, 
o.p.; I1.50, Petersen, Philadelphia.] 

Beppo the Conscript. 1864 

A faithful study of the agricultural, domestic, and religious life of the peasants of Komagna, 

93 



ENGLISH FICTION 

and their political and economic conditions, centring in the daily history of a prosperous 
family; shows up the secret power of the priests. [2s., Ward & Lock, o.p. ; $1.50, Peter- 
sen, Philadelphia.] 

Trollope, Thomas Adolphus {continued). — Dream Numbers. 1868 

Sympathetic drawing of the Italians as they are in the old-fashioned villages and country 
towns that lie away from well-known tracks. Quiet and happy domestic life, simple 
pleasures, harmless gossip, humble and ignorant country folk, are the chosen subject ; 
and an episode of priestcraft, a tale of true love, and a destructive flood lend dramatic 
interest to the picture. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Chapman, o.p. ; $1.50, Petersen, Philadelphia.] 

The Siren. 1870 

A murder novel ; scene, Ravenna and neighbourhood, with characteristic sketches of people 

and manners. A beautiful opera-singer, engaged to a marchese and courted by his heir, 
is strangely and very ingeniously killed : who is the criminal ? [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith 
& Elder : o.p.] 

Diamond Cut Diamond. 1875 

Also The Golden Book of Torcello, Vittoria Accoromboni, The Duchess Veronica, and other 
stories of Tuscan life, by an Englishman who lived among the people for many years. 
[2s., Chatto.] 

Wiseman, Cardinal Nicholas Patrick Stephen [1802-65]. Fabiola ; or, The Church 

in the Catacombs. 1855 

A story of the persecution by Diocletian (303). The Archbishop of Milan said of it that " it 

was the first good book that had had the success of a bad one " (Diet. Nat. Biog.). [3s. 6d., 

2s. ; Illustrated edn., 21s., Burns & Oates ; $1.25, Benziger, New York.] 

Wood, Mrs. Henry [Ellen, nee Price ; 1814-87]. Danesbury House. i860 

Written in the interests of the Total Abstinence Movement. A very good story, the pur- 
pose adroitly achieved by " indirection." 

East Lynne. 1861 

The main situation is one of harrowing pathos, a divorced wife re-entering her husband's 

house disguised as a governess, nursing her own child and dying there, tardily forgiven. 
This is the climax of the plot, the basis of which is a murder, with the ultimate clearing- 
up of the mystery and the full proceedings of trial, cross-examination, etc. This is the 
best-known — perhaps the best — and the following are the next best of a large number 
of novels chiefly of the domestic kind, with melodramatic plots and miscellaneous excite- 
ment, but no pretensions to literary quality, except the valuable one of power to interest. 

The Channings. 1862 

Roland Yorke [sequel]. 1869 

A pair of novels concerned with the fortunes and misfortunes of two genteel families, the 
dutiful and pious characters of the one being set in contrast with the Hibernian irre- 
sponsibility of the other family. The plot in the first hinges on the theft of a /20 note, 
suspicion falling on the good Channings and causing endless troubles. All is cleared up 
at last. The characters are largely young people, and the pranks of the cathedral choir- 
boys furnish some amusement. These, and other features of life in a cathedral town, 
were th« fruit of long residence at Worcester. In the sequel we have the ups and downs 
of a shiftless, good-natured fellow alongside of a murder plot of melodramatic type. 

Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles. 1862 

More domestic history : a mother's quiet endurance of adversity, a little girl's death, a family 
of virtuous children and a naughty boy as foil, with the tiny events of average life and 
episodes invented for the purpose of moralizing; the good young men, for instance, are 
rewarded with signal success in their various callings, despite initial poverty, the wicked 
fall into disgrace and want. 

The Shadow of Ashlydyat. 1863 

Typical of a numerous class of Mrs. Wood's novels, in which the interest lies in the working 
out of a plot containing romantic and supernatural elements and a good deal of family 
history. 

94 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER 

Wood, Mrs. Henry (continued). St. Martin's Eve. 1866 

A lady who inherits insanity marries a man with hereditary tendency to wasting disease. 
A day of ill-omen is among the sensational effects. The lady in one scene leaves her stej>- 
son to be burned to death. A characteristic blend of sensation and domesticity. 

A Life's Secret. 1867 

Concerned extensively with business matters, employers and employees, the critical incident 
being a strike which entails a lock-out and extreme misery for the poor workpeople and 
their famiUes. 

Johnny Ludlow [6 series]. 1874-9 

A number of tolerably good short stories, supposed to be told by a sagacious and observant 
schoolboy, each as a rule having a distinct plot, sensational or pathetic. They abound 
in domestic details of lower middle-class life and in portraiture of commonplace chziracter, 
and usually have a moral aim. 

Edina. 1876 

Pomeroy Abbey. 1878 

Court Netherleigh, 1881 

And a great many others sho^ving the same characteristics, abundant details of ordinary 
domestic life, a sensational plot, a constant appeal to popular sentiment. [Each 2s. 6d., 
2s., IS. n., Macmillan.] 

Yates, Edmund [1831-94]. Broken to Harness : a Story of English Domestic 
Life. ^ 1864 

This and the next are the sole survivors of many novels, stories, and novelettes by the founder 
of The World. It is an ingenious plot-novel in the manner of Wilkie Collins, with character- 
drawing (e.g. the money-lender Scadgers) and sentimentality derived from Dickens. 
Kate Mellon's horse-training establishment is evidently sketched from Yates's place at 
Willesden. [as., Routledge: o.p.] 

Black Sheep, 1867 

A fair example of the sensational fiction concerned not so much with objective horrors as 
with the motives and the mental combinations of persons intent on crime. A clever and 
fascinating, conscienceless woman schemes to fasten the guilt of a murder on an innocent 
friend. There is no secret, no mystery ; the reader's interest is absorbed in working out 
an intellectual problem clearly indicated from the beginning. [Edited by E. A. Baker 
(Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York), 1903]. 

YoNGE, Charlotte Mary [1823-1901]. The Heir of Redclyffe. 1853 

An exceedingly sentimental and idealized picture of virtuous character and virtuous domestic 
life, manifestly inspired by Tractarian views, and intended for the moral improvement 
of young people. Has been neatly described as a " sweet youthful tragedy of piety and 
devotion." 

The Little Duke. [juvenile] 1854 



A children's story of Normandy and Richard the Fearless (943-88). 

— The Daisy Chain. 1856 

A good specimen of her sentimental, didactic, and religious domestic novel written for young 
ladies.^ [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] 

— The Dove in the Eagle's Nest. 1866 
The heroine, a maiden of Ulm, is carried off by a robber baron to his Suabian hold, and, as 

nurse to his sick daughter, brings an influence for peace and goodness into the houne 
and rears her twin sons to a life of piety and noble deeds. Time of Frederick III and 
Maximilian I (1472-1531). 

— The Danvers Papers, [juvenile] 1867 
Records of an Irish family (1682-1712) [with Lady Hester] 

95 



ENGLISH FICTION 

YoNGE, Charlotte Mary (continued). — The Chaplet of Pearls ; or, The White and 
Black Ribaumont. [juvenile] 1868 

The Caged Lion. [juvenile] 1870 

Prince James (I) of Scotland in England (temp. Henry V, c. 1407-22). 

Love and Life : a Story in 18th Century Costume. [juvenile] 1880 

(c. 1700-50.) 

Unknown to History. [juvenile] 1882 

A touching story that gives an account of Mary Queen of Scotland's captivity in England, 
the Babington plot, her trial and execution (1568-97). 



— Stray Pearls ; or, The Memoirs of Margaret de Ribaumont. [juvenile] 1883 
War of the Fronde (1648-53). Sequel to The Chaplet of Pearls. 

— The Prince and the Page. [juvenile] 1884 
The reign of Henry III and the Eighth Crusade (1270-2). 

— The Armourer's Prentices. [juvenile] 1884 

The adventures of two orphan brothers, who make their way from the New Forest to London 
in search of their fortunes. One, who has scholarly instincts, gets attached to Wolsey's 
household and becomes acquainted with Colet, whilst the other becomes a master-armourer. 

— A Reputed Changeling. [juvenile] 1889 
Family history ; scene, Portchester ; period, Charles II to William III. 



Beechcroft at Rockstone. [juvenile] 1889 

The world of district visitors, budding clergymen, school-children, and the workers of the 
Girls' Friendly Society, sketched in a quiet romance, ethical in tone. 

Two Penniless Princesses. [juvenile] 1891 

The sisters of James II of Scotland. Time of Henry VI. 

Grisly Grisell, the Laidly Lady of Whitburn. [juvenile] 1894 

Wars of the Roses, Warwick the King-Maker, etc. (1467). 

The Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah. [juvenile] 1897 

The exodus of Israel from Egypt, the wanderings in the desert, and the death of Moses. 

Modem Broods ; or. Developments Unlooked For. 1900 

Interesting as the views and criticisms of a mid-century novelist on the young person of 
to-day. Crowded with characters, including several familiar types of girlhood, very 
similar to those that peopled her earlier novels. A maiden aunt in charge of four girls 
is a prominent figure, troubled with the anxieties and perplexities of their religious and 
social interests and later of their love affairs. 

YoNGE, Charlotte Mary, and Christabel R. Coleridge [b. 1843]. Strolling Players : 
a Harmony of Contrasts. 1893 

The adventures and misadventures of a company of genteel amateurs, who, in consequence 
of pecuniary difficulties, go on tour in earnest. The characters, chief among them a girl 
who believes she is a bom actress, and a clever young professional, are sketched with 
a certain quiet humour. [Ea. 3s. 6d. (§1.25), Macmillan : and several also at is. n.] 



96 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

NINETEENTH CENTURY. LAST QUARTER— iSye^igoo 

AiDi:, Charles Hamilton [1826-1906]. The Marstons. 1868 

Play of character and evolution of plot are about equally the foundation. The Marstons are the 
family of a wealthy merchant who loses all his money. The ups and downs of their Ufe 
in London lodgings, the daughter's loves and disillusionments, their fortunate or unfor- 
tunate entanglements with other people, are eventually brought to a comfortable con- 
clusion. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Chapman : o.p.] 

In that State of Life. 1871 

History of a rebel against the conventions. A young girl, wilful, but pure and honest, having 
refused her guardian's candidate for her hand, disguises herself and goes into domestic 
service. She meets with many adventures, serious and comic. But the novelette is 
principally concerned with character, and comprises a little gallery of portraits. The 
housekeeper and the mistress under whom she finds herself are strongly individual, and 
the ungainly curate is a pathetic figure. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] 

A Nine Days' Wonder. 1874 

A pathetic situation — a widower would fain marry his old love, but her son loves his daughter, 
and, such are past complications, one pair must needs resign their happiness. Sketches 
of characters and gossips in a village. [7s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p. (50c., E^tes, Boston.] 

Elizabeth's Pretenders. 1895 

Elizabeth's first suitor is a scoundrel in love with her money, and her narrow escape makes 
her regard all lovers as fortune-hunters. She goes to Paris as a needy art student, and 
there a man who believes her poor wins her heart ; but the discovery of her wealth is an 
impediment, till she turns wooer. Life in a Paris boarding-house, etc. [6s., Chapman, o.p. ; 
50c., Putnam, New York.] 

Jane Treachel. 1899 

A sensational plot-novel, with an adventuress for heroine. [6s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] 

"Alexander, Mrs." [Annie Alexander Hector, nee French; 1825-1906]. Look 
Before You Leap. 1865 

An officer elopes with a supposed heiress and, finding her wealth non-existent, treats her 
harshly, and she hides herself from him for a year. After some romantic incidents the 
pair are satisfactorily united. [2s., is. n., Macmillan.] 

The Wooing o't. 1873 

A love novel, built on old-fashioned lines, strong in portraiture of two or three characters : 
the vulgar Mrs. Berry, the debonair heroine, Maggie her niece, and some members of a 
smart coterie in Paris. Love leaping over the barriers of rank and wealth is the motive, 
Maggie loving and being loved by a brilliant man of the world, the last person whom she 
ought to have married, according to the convenances and the situation of affairs at the 
start. [2s., Macmillan; 75c., Fenno, New York.] 

Her Dearest Foe. 1876 

The heroine receives a fortune from her deceased husband, but a new will is found bequeath- 
ing all to an oifensive kinsman. She maintains herself gallantly by going into business, 
all the while gathering proofs of the new will's invahdity. Curious events bring her, under 
the false name she has assumed, into contact with the successful kinsman ; they fall in 
love and their marriage ends the imbrogUo. [2s., is. n., Macmillan; |i n., Holt, New 
York.] 

The Heritage of Langdale. 1877 



A novel of 1715. London and the southern counties, Jacobite plots, etc. [3s. 6d., Hutcliinson.] 

— Maid, Wife, or Widow ? 1881 

Also semi-historical; concerned with the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; 
35c., Hurst. New York.] 

H 97 



ENGLISH FICTION 

" Alexander, Mrs." [continued). — ^The Freres, 1882 

The struggles of a genteel family in a cheap London lodging-house bring out a variety of 
good or bad, or merely shallow and selfish, characters in the different members of the 
family and their EngUsh and Irish kin. Among them all the gracious, unselfish nature 
of the heroine shines conspicuously. Their removal to Germany imports other characters, 
among these, the old Austrian, Count Costello, and the various dignitaries of a small 
country town. [2s., Macmillan.] 

The Admiral's Ward. 1883 

Concerned with the gain and the unforeseen loss of an inheritance. A quiet tale of every- 
day life, heightened into something finer by the treatment of character and affection 
in the patient heroine, the engaging oddities Mrs. Crewe and the Admiral, etc. [2s., 
Macmillan.] 

Mona's Choice. 1887 

Mona loves an attractive but selfish man, but is loved by and rejects his friend. Years and 
changes in her worldly position test the characters of the two ; and in the sequel she 
rejects the man she had loved and gives herself to the loyal friend. [2s. 6d., White : 
o.p.] 

A Choice of Evils. 1894 

Problem : the marriage of a pair, between whom there is little love, being upset by the reap- 
pearance of a wife believed to be dead ; what shall be done ? The solution offered is 
that, after the parties are liberated by divorce, the second wife, disenchanted, declines to 
remarry the man. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] 

" Allen, Grant " [Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen ; 1848-99]. Philistia. 1884 

A farcical picture of Socialism. The important characters are all Socialists either actively 
or passively, and the hero endures afflicting trials for his convictions before he obtains 
a competence as editor of a Socialist journal. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Devil's Die. 1888 



The gruesome doings of a young doctor, whose scientific zeal leads him to experiment on a 
patient with fatal results : a farrago of extraordinary events, plots and counterplots, 
and narrow escapes. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; 25c., Hurst, New York.] 

— The Tents of Shem. 1889 



Meriem, daughter of an exiled Englishman and a Kabyle woman, is brought up in Grande 
Kabylie. Her European blood rises superior to her African instincts at the advent of 
love. A plot-novel, with the usual excitements freshened up by the bizarre motive and 
the African milieu. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; 20c., Munro, New York ; 25c., Rand McNally, 
Chicago.] 

— Ivan Greet's Masterpiece ; etc. 1893 



Ivan Greet seeks among the negroes of Jarriaica the leisure and tranquillity denied him by a 
London life, composes his masterpiece and dies. A faithful mulatto girl devotes her life 
to his baby and to the task of getting the manuscript printed, but this is accidentally 
burned, and in a scene of acute pathos she and the little one die exposed to a tropical 
tempest. A good index to the quality of the fifteen tales and sketches that follow. [3s. 6d., 
2s., Chatto.] 

— The Woman Who Did. 1895 



She refuses to marry her lover, and enters into a free union with him, but dies a martyr to 
the author's gospel of free love. A bold and aggressive manifesto, quite inoffensive as a 
story. [3s. 6d., De La More Press ; $1, Little & Brown, Boston.] 

— The British Barbarians : a Hill-Top Novel. 1895 

A tourist from the twenty-fifth century visits England to study our customs and observances 
from the abstract point of view of the anthropologist ; a novel kind of satire. Mr. H. D. 
Traill wrote a parody : The Barbarous Britishers : a Tip-Top Novel. [3s. 6d. n., Lane ; 
$1, Putnam, New York.] 

98 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 
Allen, Grant " (continued). — A Splendid Sin. 1896 

A woman averts a tragic ending to her son's love affair by avowing that he is not the off- 
spring of her reprobate husband, but of a great poet who had loved her too well. A satire 
on conventional morality. [3s. 6d., White, o.p. ; $1, Buckles, New York.] 



Miss Cayley's Adventures. 1899 

A comic narrative, with the characteristic dash of paradox and light satire ; the heroine 
an audacious Girton girl, who starts with a capital of twopence and achieves a striking 
career. [6s., Grant Richards, o.p.; $1.50, Putnam, New York.] 

Twelve Tales, with a Headpiece, a Tailpiece, and an Intermezzo ; being Select 

Stories. 1899 

A Confidential Communication is the sardonic history of a murder by mistake : The Rev. John 
Creedy, a tragic study of the racial question in a negro missionary who reverts; The 
Child of the Phalanstery, public infanticide in advanced society centuries hence ; The 
Curate of Churnside, how an aesthetic, soft-hearted young curate puts his uncle out 
of the way to secure an income for his betrothed and himself — a grim jeu d' esprit; 
and in John Cann's Treasure a man sacrifices honesty, position, and in the sequel his 
reason, for a treasure that turns out worthless. Fair specimens, not only of the tales in 
this volume, but of Grant Allen's fiction generally, which is nothing if not novel and start- 
hng. [6s., Grant Richards : o.p.] 

Ballantyne, Robert Michael [1825-94]. Snowflakes and Sunbeams ; or, The Young 
Fur Traders. [juvenile] 1856 

In later editions entitled The Young Fur Traders. Embodies, in the form of a story for 
boys, the author's experiences in Canada, of which he had pubUshed a rough diary 
in Hudson's Bay ; or, The Wilds of N. America (1848). fas. 6d., Nisbet; $1, Nelson, New 
York.] 

Ungava : a Tale of Esquimau Land. [juvenile] 1857 

A similar yam about North Labrador (1831). [2s. 6d., Nisbet; $1, 50c., Nelson, New York.] 

Coral Island. [juvenile] 1857 

— The Gorilla Hunters [sequel]. [juvenile] 1861 

Here Ballantyne writes adventure stories about scenes that he was not personally acquainted 
with. [2s. 6d., Nisbet; 2S., Routledge; 50c., Nelson, New York] 

The Life Boat. [juvenile] 1864 

The Lighthouse. [juvenile] 1865 

Fighting the Flames. [juvenile] 1867 

Deep Down. [juvenile] 1868 

Stories of heroic work and adventure, on the Goodwin Sands, in northern hghthouses, with 
the fire brigade, and the Cornish miners, all carefully prepared for by information acquired 
on the spot, [(i) 5s., 2s. 6d., Nisbet; $1, Nelson, New York (2) 5s., Nisbet ; |i. Nelson 
New York, (3) 2s. 6d., Nisbet (4) 2S 6d., Nisbet.l 

Erling the Bold. [juvenile] 1869 

"A tale of the Norse Sea Kings." [2s. 6d., Nisbet ; |i n., Burt New York.] 

The Norsemen in the West. [juvenile] 1872 

The Pre-Columbian discovery 01 America. r2s. 6d.. Nisbet i 

■ In the Track of the Troops. [juvenile] 1878 

The Russo- Turkish War (1877-8). [25. 6d. Nisbet.] 

The Red Man's Revenge. [juvenile] 1880 

The Red River Expedition (1869-71). [is 6d., Nisbet] 

99 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Banks [(Mrs. G. Linnaeus), nee Isabella Varley ; 1821-99]. God's Providence 
House. 1865 

A tale of 1791 and the emancipation of the slaves. Mrs. Banks lays the scenes of her novels 
chiefly in the neighbourhood of Chester and Manchester, the history of which she has 
studied with industrious research. There is a strong religious and moral bias in her 
domestic stories. [6s., 3s. 6d., Paul.] 

The Manchester Man. 1876 

Based upon history" recorded and unrecorded " (1799-1831), and deals with " absolute people, 
events, and places" — -the materials culled from various periods. The dress, the manners 
and speech, the details of business and manufacturing life, are studied and set down with 
the care of an archaeologist. Contains an elaborate picture of bygone Manchester, and 
the Peterloo Riots of 18 19, with striking anecdotes and characters (e.g. the Rev. Joshua 
Brooks). [2s. 6d., Abel Heywood, Manes., 1895. Illustrated by Green & Fitton, 15s. n., 
id., 1896.] 

Forbidden to Wed. 1883 

The characters are chiefly Manchester tradespeople {c. 1 778-1 804), and doubtless real 
personages. The economic and social conditions of the town, the streets and buildings 
as they existed, and the domestic hfe are carefully portrayed. The love story of a trades- 
man's daughter and an officer's son forms the plot ; circumstances and prejudices forbid 
them to wed. Chester and Buxton are the scenes partly. [2s. 6d., Abel Heywood, Manes.] 

Bond Slaves : the Story of a Struggle. 1893 

A story of the Luddite agitation in the northern and midland counties, chiefly Yorkshire 
(1811-13), worked out with her usual elaborate care for written and oral evidence. 
[3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] 

Besant, Sir Walter [1838-1901]. The Revolt of Man. 1882 

A satirical extravaganza, picturing a future when women are in supreme command in State, 
army and navy, and private life. But man rebels, overthrows the feminine regime and 
the religion of the ideal woman, and — women are glad of it. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

All Sorts and Conditions of Men. 1882 



An Utopian fancy, the Palace of Delight in Whitechapel has since, in some measure, been 
realized. But Besant lays most stress on human nature, and tells his readers to distrust 
politics and learn to help themselves. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, 
New York.] 

— All in a Garden Fair. 1883 



An entertaining mixture of satire and romance ; scene, a suburban village, the abode of a 
circle of once great City men who have failed for an aggregate of millions. Leading 
characters — a literary man whose dreamy youth, struggles after his ideal, and well- 
merited success are traced, and an upright, energetic man of affairs who wins the heroine. 
[3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 

— Dorothy Forster. 1884 



The domestic history of the Forsters of Bamborough Castle during the unquiet years of 
Jacobite intrigue which culminated in the fatal rising of 1715, of which the autobio- 
grapher's brother was the General. Dorothy tells her own story in a garrulous fashion, 
giving intimate views of life among the gentry of Northumberland, portraying the char- 
acters of the chivalrous Earl of Derwentwater, whom she loved and refused on the score 
of religion, of her self-indulgent brother, and several fictitious characters, such as the 
humorous and pathetic Mr. Hilyard. The tragic narrative of the rebellion leads the 
reader at length to London, into Georgian Society, and into Newgate and the Tower. 
[3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

— The Children of Gibeon. 1886 

Poverty, social reform, and the influence of caste exhibited in a Hoxton romance. A 
baronet's and a washerwoman's daughters are brought up together in ignorance of their 
different origin, as an experiment to show the effects of hereditary character and breeding. 
[3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; ?i.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 

100 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Besant, Sir Walter {continued). — The World went very well then. 1887 

Adventure^ love, and war in the years 1740-60; the scene chiefly at Deptford, on the Thames^ 
and on board ship. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] 

For Faith and Freedom. 1888 



A story of the Puritans in James 11 's reign, Monmouth's rebellion, the expulsion of the re- 
cusants, and the life of the exiles in the Barbados plantations (1662-88). [3s. 6d., 2s., 
Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 

— Armorel of Lyonesse : a Romance of To-Day. 1890 



Laid partly amidst the exquisite scenery of the Scilly Isles, and telhng how a faithful and 
courageous girl helps her lover to escape from the clutches of a villain who exploits needy 
writers and painters. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 

— St. Katherine's by the Tower. 1891 



English Jacobin Clubs in 1793. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 

— The Ivory Gate. 1892 

Studies a case of dual personaUty, resulting from brain disease. A staid and successful solicitor, 
with sober views on social questions, becomes an extreme Socialist with wildly Utopian 
aims. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, Harper, New York.] 

— The Rebel Queen. 1893 

Deals with women's rights and Hebrew society from the outside. The Queen is a rich and 
lovely Jewess, a rebel against her husband and a champion of her sex. [3s. 6d., 2s., 
Chatto; $1.50, Harper, New York.] 

— In Deacon's Orders ; and other Stories. 1895 

Title-story is a study in rehgiosity, i.e. a sensuous dehght in emotionalism and ceremonial. 
Ten other tales. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, Harper, New York.] 

— Beyond the Dreams of Avarice. 1895 

Exposes the evils of colossal wealth. An immense fortune has grown up jiround a nucleus 
created by fraud ; and, the last owner dying intestate, a flock of claimants appear. The 
interest centres in the real heir, kept in ignorance of his wealth by his father, who believes 
the ill-gotten riches to be accursed. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.50, Harper, New York.] 

— A Fountain Sealed. 1897 

A pretty, but not a very plausible romance, based on the exploded story of Prince George's 
(afterwards George III) love affair with the Quakeress, Hannah Lightfoot (1760). [3s. 6d., 
Chatto; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] 



— The Orange Girl. 1899 

A picture of the streets, taverns, mansions, and theatres of London, and of Newgate and its 
strange inhabitants, 150 years ago, painted by an antiquary. The heroine, Nell Gwyn's 
double, poor girl, great actress, fine lady, and convict, magnanimously saves the hero, 
on trial on a false charge, and suffers for him. [3s. 6d., Chatto; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, 
New York.] 

— The Alabaster Box. 1900 



Describes the work of a " Settlement." The hero inherits a great fortune from his father, a 
money-lender ; but when he finds how many have been ruined to amass his wealth he 
devotes life and fortune to atonement. [3s. 6d., Chatto; I1.50, Dodd & Mead, New 
York.] 

— The Fourth Generation. 1900 



A tragi-comedy with two principal characters, a rich old squire, whose life has been over- 
shadowed by a mysterious crime, and a young lover, his great-grandson, rejected by 
the heroine because she thinks him nothing but a spoiled child of fortune. The hero's 
bold conduct in facing adversity and laying the ghost of the ancestral crime are suitably 
rewarded. [3s. 6d., Chatto; I1.50, Stokes, New York.] 



lOI 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Besant, Sir Walter {continued). — The Lady of Lynn. I901 

A bustling story of eighteenth-century Lynn, though the pictures of fashionable life are but 
superficial. A beautiful heroine her blufif sailor lover, and a wicked peer who conspires 
to get hold of her money are the boldly contrasted protagonists. [3s. 6d., Chatto; $1.50, 
Dodd & Mead, New York.] 

No Other Way 1902 

Eighteenth-century London, Newgate, debtors' prisons, taverns, cockpits, citizens, serving- 
folk, and ruffians described as if by an eye-witness. A fashionable lady, hopelessly in debt, 
takes advantage of the law that transfers a woman's liabilities to her husband by marrying 
a negro sentenced to death. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] 

Besant, Sir Walter, and James Rice [1844-82]. Ready-Money Mortiboy. 1872 

Old Mortiboy is a miser and the offspring of misers, who builds up a huge fortune by grinding 
the poor and ruining the well-to-do. His son, an unscrupulous but well-meaning young 
man, is at once nemesis to the old Shylock and dispenser of poetic justice to the various 
characters. Life in the country town where Mortiboy's bank is established, and many 
phases of shady Ufe in London and elsewhere are exploited. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

This Son of Vulcan. 1876 



Eaxly troubles and final prosperity of a poor lad who is the foster-child of a drunken pedlar, 
and suffers calamities of many sorts before he comes to his own little inheritance. The 
Ufe of ironworkers gives the local colour, with a medley of characters, disreputable and 
the reverse, and plenty of sensation. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

— The Golden Butterfly. 1876 



How an American oil-king dispenses his millions on an abortive humanitarian enterprise. 
This magnanimous, egotistical fellow, invincibly amiable in spite of discomfiture, is of 
course the centre of interest. The minor characters are the butt of keen satire, deriding 
dilettantism and the like ; but incidents and characters border on extravaganza. [3s. 6d , 
2s., Chatto ; 50c., Fenno, New York.] 

— The Monks of Thelema. 1878 



A fanciful tale suggested by Rabelais' (see Rabelais) famous episode of a community of clever 
people living together in monastic seclusion. Satirical of the modem literary coterie, with 
its exclusive claims to the higher culture. [3s. 6d., as., Chatto.] 

— By Celia's Arbour. 1878 



Love at Portsmouth and war in the Crimea in 1854-5. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay ; and other Stories. 1879 

A pretty little love tale of Dorset in 1805 ; the hero a fine old smuggler, and the lovers a 
country maid and the son of a City knight. Then, a story of a curious robbery, with 
sketches of Canadian hfe to-day ; a city tale ; and Le Chien d'Or, a tale of French Quebec 
in 1697. [3s- 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Chaplain of the Fleet 1881 

A story of the famous gaol and of Epsom in George IH's reign, well furnished with antiquarian 
lore about the streets, houses, theatres, and social life. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Black, William [1841-98]. A Daughter of Heth. 1871 

His first and best novel, though A Princess of Thule is the most popular. Black was a romancer 
who got his picturesque and his atmosphere, not from the past, but from strange and 
beautiful scenery. He excels in verbal landscape-painting. This novel takes us to a 
Scottish village and on a trip along the Highland coast. The inhabitants are sketched 
in a lively fashion, bringing out their peculiarities of feeling, prejudice, and speech. The 
main characters are a mischievous and dare-devil but manly boy, son of a Presbyterian 
minister ; and his cousin, a half-French girl, whose sunny and refined disposition clashes 
with the rigid Puritanism of the northern village. Her love and marriage give her op- 
portunity to prove her capacity for self-sacrifice. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper, 
New York.] 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Black, William (continued). — The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton. 1872 

History of a coaching tour from London to Edinburgh through the lovehest scenery of Eng- 
land. The travellers are four, a married pair who talk and bicker amicably, and an 
unmarried pair who make love. Parodied by Bret Harte in his Condensed Novels. 
[6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low; 8oc., Harper, New York.] 

A Princess of Thule. 1874 

A weak, pleasure-loving artist woos and wins a beautiful Highland girl, and brings her into 
the hothouse atmosphere of London, where she pines for the air and freedom of her 
Hebridean home. Ultimately her true and unaffected nature works on his character and 
makes a man of him. The wonderful colours and changes of sea and sky and mountain 
in the Hebrides inspire many a descriptive page, and the rich park-lands of southern 
England, so different in their beauty, are feelingly depicted. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., 
Harper, New York.] 

The Maid of Killeena ; and other Stories. 1874 

The maid is a peasant sister to the " Princess," and heroine of a pretty idyll of the Hebrides, 

in which the simple, homely Ufe of the dwellers in the isles and the romance of their 
habitat are lovingly depicted. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; Soc, Harper, New York.] 

— — Madcap Violet. 1877 

A wilful, impulsive girl, affectionate and lovable in spite of many faults, drawn at full length. 
Her growth is traced from childhood and school days to the period of dawning woman- 
hood and love; the sad ending is the inevitable outcome of her character. [6s., 3s. 6d., 
2s., Low ; Soc, Harper, New York.] 

Macleod of Dare. 1879 

A tragic story, bringing shallow and garish fashionable life into contact with the noble sim- 
plicity of Highland society. The catastrophe results from the marriage of a brave and 
chivalrous young chief with a London lady. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; Soc, Harper, New 
York.] 

White Wings : a Yachting Romance. " 1880 

A happy love tale, told with an accompaniment of beautiful views of sea and land, seen in a 

cruise along the coast of Scotland. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; Soc, Harper, New York.] 

Shandon Bells. 1883 

A story of County Cork, containing one of Black's fascinating heroines, whose love-letters 

are very fanciful and sentimental, and a clever and sentimental hero, whose entry into 
literary Ufe in London is graphically described. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; Soc., Harper, New 
York.] 

White Heather. 1885 

The love-story of a Highland gamekeeper and poet, many of whose verses are quoted ; and 

character-studies of Scottish people and others, e.g. a wealthy American and his daughter 
from Chicago. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2S., Low; Soc, Harper, New York.] 

In Far Lochaber. 1888 

Elaborates the contrast between the rough and genuine Highland gentry, with their humane 

and liberal religious feelings, and the straitness of intolerance of the " unco guid " in the 
Lowland manufacturing town. Rich in description of the wild mountainous region round 
Ben Nevis. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; Soc, Harper, New York.] 

Wolfenberg. 1893 

A story of misguided passion, plus travel-sketches of the Italian seas and the Levant. The 
characters, a beautiful Scoto-American, her compatriots, Wolfenberg the painter and 
the passionate, ill-fated Am^lie, and the others, meet on a cruise. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low; 
$1.50, Harper, New York.] 

' The Handsome Humes. 1894 

The loves of a well-born youth and the daughter of a retired prize-fighter ; the resistance of 
the aristocratic mother is overcome by the self-abnegation of the girl's father. Scene : 
Henley-on-Thames. Scottish characters, chiefly, in an English home. [6s., 2s. 6d., 
2s., Low; $1.50, Harper, New York.] 

103 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Black, William {continued). — Briseis. 1896 

Another sentimental romance, enacted this time on Deeside — the course of true love inter- 
rupted, but happy at the end. The heroine is a Greek girl come to Scotland, a lover of 
Highland ballads and of Nature. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; $1.75, Harper, New York.] 

Wild Eelin : Her Escapades, Adventures, and Bitter Sorrows. 1898 

The tragical love tale of a beautiful Highland girl, own sister to the Princess of Thule. Black's 
favourite motive, the noble simplicity of Highland life in contact with modern decadence, 
reappears again, and there is a poetic rendering of the clan spirit as it survives at the 
present day. Scene, Inverness. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low; $1.75, Harper, New York.] 

Blackmore, Richard Doddridge [1825-1900]. Clara Vaughan. 1864 

Like the majority of Blackmore's novels, an attempt to naturalize romance amid the com- 
plexities and the modernities of the present age. A melodramatic tale, in which a petulant 
and obstinate heroine's adventures, before she comes into her rightful heritage, are mixed 
up with the history of a Corsican vendetta. Word-landscapes of Devon, Gloucestershire, 
and Corsica ; sketches of eccentric character, such as the Devonshire prodigy, Huxtable, 
and his wrestling feats, and the farcical BaJak and Balam and other cockneys, abound. 
[6s., 2s. 6d., Low ; $1 n., Burt, New York.] 

Cradock Nowell : a Tale of the New Forest. 1866 



Enshrines several rustic types and eccentrics, such as Parson Rosedew and Dr. Hutton ; the 
story involved and abounding in sensation ; the style charming for those who prize 
Euphuism in a modern dress. [6s., 2s., Low ; $1 n., Burt, New York.] 

— Lorna Doone. 1869 



A romance of Exmoor in Stuart times (c. 1673-87). John Ridd, one of Blackmore's stalwart 
yeomen, rescues the captive Lorna from the robber Doones. Relates their history from 
childhood to marriage, with episodes and pictures of life in the world outside as well as 
in the pristine homesteads of Exmoor. Humorous Tom Faggus, the terrible brigand. 
Carver Doone, and Judge Jeffreys are among the characters — all drawn with a peculiar 
kindliness and gusto. The scenic descriptions of the lovely region about Lynmouth and 
the Badgeworthy Water are invested with a poetic glamour that befits the tale. Many 
local worthies have their lineaments preserved among the personce. Though Lorna Doone 
made little stir at the time of its appearance, it has had innumerable imitations since, 
and it initiated a return to the romanticism in historical fiction that Thackeray excluded 
in Esmond, The Virginians, Barry Lyndon, and Denis Duval. [6s., 2s. 6d. ($1), Harper; 
(Exmoor Edn.), 3 vols., i8s., Low ; $3.75, Putnam, New York. Illustrated : 21s., 4to, cheap 
edn., 7s. 6d., Low (?2, Scribner, New York) ; ($2.50, $2, Harper, New York). Ed. W. 
P. Trent and W. T. Brewster (Standard EngHsh Classics), 65c., Ginn, Boston, 1906 ] 

— The Maid of Sker. 1872 

The romance of a foundling, the missing daughter of a Devon family, told by a garrulous old 
fisherman who overflows with mother-wit. Opens with sketches of life in Glamorganshire 
(1782-98) ; passes then to Devon, where, in a wild and lawless state of society, the dia- 
bolical Parson Chowne is represented as the brutal despot of his parish. Thrilling 
episodes, such as a hurricane and a wreck, poetical descriptions, and many racy charac- 
ters. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low; %\ n., Burt, New York.] 

— Alice Lorraine : a Tale of the South Downs. 1875 

A romance of the period of the Napoleonic wars (1811-14) ; full of startling incident and ad- 
venture, the ancient house of Lorraine being involved in disasters that have to be dras- 
tically remedied in the last chapter; the heroine a modern Antigone. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low; 
1 1 n., Burt, New York.] 



— Cripps the Carrier : a Woodland Tale. 1876 

.Luke Sharp, the lawyer, plots to abduct an heiress, and actually proves her dead and buried ; 
but his nefarious plans are overset, chiefly by the agency of Mr. Cripps, an original whose 
raciness and humour are most characteristic of Blackmore's country-folk. Rural Ox- 
fordshire is the scene, and most of the persons introduced are homely and rude. [6s., 
2s. 6d., Low; %i n., Burt, New York.] 

104 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Blackmore, Richard Doddridge {continued). — Erema. 1877 

Though the chief characters are English and Scottish, the scene is laid in California, New 
York, and Washington. Plot-interest is dominant and involves tragedy, but the humour 
of the characterization and the beauty of the surroundings lighten the gloom. [6s., 2s. 6d., 
Low (50c., Street, New York).] 

Mary Anerley. 1880 

Story of an old Yorkshire family : smuggling adventures, service in the navy, and pictures 
of Ufe on the coast about Flamborough (1777-1805). Brings out well the racy and jovial 
disposition of the Yorkshire people, and depicts several original characters, like the York 
agent, Mordacks, the family lawyer, and the hero himself, who is heir to an estate but 
elects to live humbly. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low ($1, Harper, New York ; $1 n., Burt, New York). 

Christowell. 1882 

A beautiful village on the eastern edge of Dartmoor is the scene, and the tale covers a large 
extent of that lovely region. Placid village life, happy and affectionate family hfe and 
homely characters, with some episodes of terror as a contrast, make up the story. [6s., 
2s. 6d., Low (20c., Harper, New York). 

Springhaven. 1887 

Nelson and Napoleon and the contemplated invasion of England are prominent, while a set 
of homelier interests and obscurer figures are, artistically, more important. Sketches some 
fine types of heroism, of human kindness, gossips and humorists, not the least attractive 
being Admiral Darling. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low ($1.50, Harper, New York ; |i n., Burt, New 
York). Illustrated by Alfred Parsons and F. Barnard, 12s., 7s. 6d., Low.] 

Kit and Kitty. 1890 

The hero is a poor market-gardener, and the life depicted is of the lowliest, but both hero 
and heroine are lifted high by the sweetness of their characters. A simple tale, with a 
dash of romance. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low {$1.25, Harper, New York ; $1 n., Burt, New York).] 

Perlycross : a Tale of the Western Hills. 1894 

A leisurely romance with a mystery which turns out to be a hoax. Scenes of rural life in 
eastern Devon just before the 1832 Reform Bill, portraits of village worthies and much 
descriptive work. Scoffs at modern cant about education. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low {$1.75, 
Harper, New York).] 

Tales from the Telling House. 1896 

Four tales of past and present. Slain by the Doones is a little study on the theme of Lorna 
Doone ; Crocker's Hole, a story of the catching of a mighty trout, is quite an epitome 
of Blackmore's humorous story-telling and loving description of nature, and also of his 
richly laden, meandering prose. [5s., 2s. 6d., Low.] 

BooTHBY, Guy Newell [1867-1905]. Doctor Nikola. 1896 

Farewell, Nikola. 1901 

These and the following are average specimens of this prolific, crude, and popular author's 
work. He aims at sensation pure and simple, and gathers his materials from every source ; 
gigantic adventurers, gory monsters, and supernatural beings are as common as ordinary 
men of the world and fascinating heroines. Mystery and horror, colossal wealth, blood- 
thirsty vendettas, are the favourite machinery. [Each 5s., Ward & Lock . (i) $1, Apple- 
ton, New York; (2) $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 



— The Red Rat's Daughter. 1899 

A young English millionaire courts a Russian artist, and learns when they are betrothed that 
her father is a political prisoner, whom he feels compelled to rescue. [5s., Ward & Lock 
($1.25, New Amsterdam Book Co., New York).] 

— The Woman of Death. 1900 

A long story on a blood-curdUng theme that Poe might have invented, an elaborate apparatus 
for mutual slaughter. Pure sensation from beginning to end. [5s., Pearson.] 

105 



ENGLISH FICTION 

BOOTHBY, Guy Newell {continued). — A Maker of Nations. 1900 

The hero with several other broken-down officers and adventurers plans a revolution in a S. 
American republic ; but, falling in love with the president's daughter, he goes over to the 
other side, and, after a little adventure and the collapse of his old party, marries her. 
[5s., Ward & Lock ($1, Appleton, New York).] 

Braddon, Mary Elizabeth [Mrs. John Maxwell ; h. 1837]. Lady Audley's Secret. 

1862 

A fair representative of her numerous novels, which aim, not to represent life, but to construct 
a series of incidents that shall keep the reader's curiosity incessantly on the stretch. The 
fictitious death and burial of a woman and the mysterious disappearance of a man are 
the mainspring of this. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

Aurora Floyd. 1863 

A fascinating and wealthy girl, having married a worthy man, is flung into a dilemma by the 
reappearance of a low fellow whom she had eloped with and married in her teens. He is 
murdered and suspicion falls on her, but the real culprit is unmasked in the end. [2s. 6d., 
Simpkin.] 

Eleanor's Victory. 1863 

How Eleanor, starting from a vague clue, proceeds by gradual steps to identify her father's 
murderer and bring him to book. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 



— Henry Dunbar. 1864 

A mystery-plot, the solution of which breaks upon the reader's mind by slow degrees ; the 
motive, a man's impersonation of a murdered millionaire. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— Joshua Haggard's Daughter. 1876 

Contains more character than usual. The starting-point is a stern minister's marriage to a 
pretty child-like waif whom he has rescued from a vagabond life. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— Weavers and Weft ; and other Stories. 1877 

Characteristic novelettes of incident. The title-story deals with a mercenary marriage, 
sensualism, and jealousy. Christmas in Possession and Sir Luke's Return are farces. 
[2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— An Open Verdict. 1878 

A rich heiress is believed by her neighbours, including her lover, to have caused her father's 
death, though the crime could not be brought home. Her complete innocence is estab- 
lished in the last chapters and poetic justice dispensed to friends and enemies. [2s. 6d., 
Simpkin.] 

— Vixen. 1879 
The vixenish young lady is heroine of the happy love-story. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— Asphodel. 1881 

Two sisters, who love each other tenderly, love the same young man. Travel-sketches of 
Switzerland are worked into the story. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— A Phantom Fortune. 1883 

The plot concerns the hiding of a " Warren Hastings " in his imbecile old age. The Words- 
worth country is the scene. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— Ishmael. 1884 

Deals with Paris under the rule of the third Napoleon, from the coup d'etat of 1851, which 
is vividly described, down to 1868. Many historical personages are introduced, and the 
picture of the imperial rdgime is drawn impartially. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

— Mohawks. 1886 

London in the days of Bolingbroke and Walpole ; chiefly in the years 1726-7. [2s. 6d., 
Simpkin.] 

106 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Braddon, Mary Elizabeth (continued). — ^London Pride. 1896 

The Plague, Lady Castlemaine, etc. (1649-78). [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] 

In High Places. 1898 

The earlier years of Charles I (1628-45). Portraits of Buckingham, the Queen of France, 
Mazarin. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] 

The Infidel : a Story of the Great Revival. 1900 

A heroine of obscure birth, a Voltairean by education, marries a peer on his death-bed, and 
keeps true to his memory in spite of affection for a young kinsman. She is strongly in- 
fluenced by the preaching of Whitefield and Wesley, and devotes her latter life to good 
works. The general picture of the Methodist Revival is drawn with sympathy and care. 
[6s., Simpkin.] 

Buchanan, Robert Williams [1841-1901]. The Shadow of the Sword. 1875 

An epical, Hugoesque novel of the Napoleonic wars. A Breton fisherman refuses to serve 
under Napoleon, believing war to be forbidden by Christianity ; and is persecuted, out- 
lawed, and driven insane. During the Hundred Days he tries to assassinate Napoleon. 
An earnest polemic against war and national ambition. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

God and the Man. 1881 

Rather grandiose romance inspired by an ethical idea, the vanity and folly of individual hate. 
A man bitterly wronged pursues the villain relentlessly until both are face to face with 
death at the extremity of the habitable world. Then, as it were in the presence of God, 
he pardons and rescues his foe. The loftiness of the argument, which precludes character- 
drawing, and the sublimity of the ultimate scene amid the polar ice, again recall Victor 
Hugo. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Martyrdom of Madeline. 1882 

Madeline, an innocent girl, is betrayed by a French music-master and trapped into a marriage 
which the villain denies when he finds she has no money. Her varied career as an actress, 
etc., her marriage with a worthy man, the reappearance and persecution of the Frenchman, 
and his well-deserved death are the ensuing romance, in which the author professes to 
expose " the social conspiracy against womankind." [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Love Me for Ever. 1883 

A romantic and emotional little story, embodying a version of the weird old legend of the 

Flying Dutchman. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

Foxglove Manor. 1884 

A^ritualist clergyman, whose character is compounded of sensuousness and self-deception, 
deserts a girl whom he has seduced, and intrigues with a married woman, all, as he pro- 
fesses, without any ill motive. On being exposed he enters the Church of Rome. There 
is a melodramatic scene in which a scientist throws his wife into a trance and pretends 
she is dead. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Master of the Mine. 1885 

The plot turns on the mysterious seduction of a girl, the guilt of which is eventually brought 
home to the Master of the Mine by the hero, who by good fortune and resolute conduct 
wins from the culprit his millionaire sweetheart and supplants him as owner of the mine. 
Cornish scenes and characters. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Heir of Linne. 1887 

A little melodrama of love, seduction, and retribution, involving the Laird of Linne (an estate 
on the S.W. coast of Scotland), his rightful heir, son of a woman he betrayed, and the 
supposed heir, an arrogant young scamp, on whom the tables are turned at the finish. 
An unfrocked priest, strange mixture of scholar and gaberlunzie, of drunkard and seer, is 
a prominent actor. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 

The Moment After : a Tale of the Unseen. 1890 

An ill-used Italian murders his wife and her paramour, and is hanged ; but falls to the ground 
and is reprieved. These are his records of what he felt while in a semi-moribund state. 
[is., Heinemann.] 

107 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Buchanan, Robert Williams {continued). — Come Live with Me and be my Love. 

1891 
Founded on the play Squire Kate. A country tale, with stage situations and appropriate 
characters, like the faithful steward and the shepherd. [3s. 6d., Heinemann.] 



— Effie Hetherington. 1896 

An uncouth and savage but truly heroic man, infatuated with a capricious and worthless 
girl. Sets forth tragically his pure, unreasoning devotion. [6s., Unwin.] 

— Andromeda : an Idyll of the Great River, 1900 



Canvey Island at the mouth of the Thames is the scene of this romantic drama. A rough 
and brutal, but not wholly detestable sailor returns to claim his wife, whom he married 
when she was almost a child, and who meanwhile has fallen in love with a more attractive 
man. [3s. 6d., Chatto ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

Butler, Samuel [1835-1902]. Erewhon ; or. Over the Range. 1872 

Erewhon Revisited Twenty Years Later, both by the Original Discoverer of 

the Country and his Son [sequel]. 1901 

A satire on most of the institutions, ideas, customs, and the very bases of modern civiliza- 
tion, by a sturdy freethinker. Our modern Gulliver stumbles upon a great nation, 
hidden behind inaccessible mountains, which has reverted to an older stage of civilization 
and improved it by establishing, in some cases, the exact contrary of our institutions (e.g. 
they punish disease and deal with crime by medical treatment), and in other cases absurd 
exaggerations (e.g. musical banks corresponding to our churches where treasure is laid up 
for spiritual fruition, and colleges of unreason where hypothetics is taught instead of 
practical wisdom, cf. compulsory Greek). Erewhon (Nowhere), pubhshed in 1872, had a 
revival of interest later, when Butler wrote Erewhon Revisited (1901), in which the 
traveller, who escaped in a balloon, finds that the Erewhonians laave grafted on to 
their religion a worship of the mysterious visitant who made such a miraculous ascension 
twenty years ago, with curious perversions of his logia. [Each 2s. 6d. n., Fifield ($1.25 n., 
Dutton, New York).] 

The Way of All Flesh. 1903 

Butler wrote two satires but only one novel, which is in more than one sense the novel of his 

life. The tale is told by a family friend of the hero, who obviously corresponds in many 
traits and circumstances to Butler himself. His immediate ancestry, his infancy, home 
hfe, education, and the failure and disasters of young manhood are related, with caustic 
criticism of the unsympathy and stupidity of conventional parents, and, in general, of 
sentimentalism, cant, priestcraft, and other social plagues. Butler was an independent 
critic of Darwinism with strong views on heredity, which he regarded as equivalent to 
race-memory. These views run through the book, which, though philosophical, is a work 
of art, not merely a concrete exposition of a theorem. Plenty of humour in the character- 
drawing: Butler is most serious when apparently most flippant. [6s., Fifield ($1.50 n., 
Dutton, New York).] 

Caird, Mona [nee Alison]. The Wing of Azrael. 1889 

A domestic story of country gentlefolk. A sulky heroine marries a roue to help her bankrupt 
father, and is driven by cruel persecutions to try to elope with an old lover. The husband, 
a handsome and coldly inhuman villain, is chief agent in many melodramatic episodes 
Depicts a society universally tainted with commercial marriages and parental cruelty. 
[6s., Kegan Paul.] 

The Daughters of Danaus. 1894 

Animated with the same polemical feeling against marriages of convenience, representing 
society as largely a marriage market, money difficulties of parents and similar circum- 
stances sacrificing girls to wedlock. [6s., Sands.] 

Carey, Rosa Nouchette [1840-1909]. Nelhe's Memories. 1868 

The experiences and troubles of a girl of sterling character, who takes the place of her dead 
mother in a family of brothers and sisters. The first of a long series of domestic tales, 
which set forth a healthy and engaging ideal of womanhood, and a high standard of daily 
conduct ; sentimental and optimistic, without being weakly so. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ; 
$1 n., Burt, New York.] Wee Wifie (1869) and Wooed and Married (1875) are close akin. 

108 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Carey, Rosa Nouchette (continued). — Not like other Girls. 1884 

A mother and three daughters, suddenly reduced from affluence to poverty, earn their living 
by dressmaking. Cleverness and good sense win them success, and they are rewarded 
by offers of marriage and by a restoration of fortune. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ($1 n., Burt, 
New York).] 

Barbara Heathcote's Trials. 1885 

Home life of a family of girls, all differing in character, all wilful. Barbara is a blunt, out- 
spoken girl, whose very candour leads her into misunderstandings and troubles. [3s. 6d., 
Macmillan (?i n., Burt, New York).] 

Esther. 1887 

A widowed mother's struggles with poverty, and the different conduct and character of two 
sisters, one imaginative and ambitious, the other, Esther, a quiet worker making the best 
of her lot. [3s. 6d., Religious Tract Society ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia ; $1 n., Burt, 
New York.] Uncle Max (1887) and Only the Governess {1888) are similar stories. 

Life's Trivial Round. 1900 

Like the foregoing, a simple, unaffected account of the ordinary events of domestic life, a 
quiet picture of little things, with nothing more exciting than the wedding festivities that 
crown the story. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] 

Rue with a Difference. 1900 

Quiet domestic life in a cathedral town, the love affairs of a stepmother and a stepdaughter, 
and a set of pleasant, well-conducted characters sketched in a Ufelike manner. [3s. 6d., 
Macmillan (Si. 25, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] 

" Carroll, Lewis " [Rev. C. Lutwidge Dodgson ; 1832-98]. Alice's Adventures 
in Wonderland. 1865 

Through the Looking-Glass ; and What Alice Found There. 1871 

Invented a new kind of fairy tale, several degrees more fantastic than Andersen's, drawing 
on modem science and all sorts of modern ideas for materials, and finding its most char- 
acteristic expression in droll irrelevance and the ludicrous distortion of familiar things. 
Though written for children and inspired by the prattle and innocent charm of children, 
the wit, the fanciful humour, and the subtlety of many of its under-meanings can be 
fully appreciated only by educated people. Lewis Carroll, further, was a genuine poet, 
and his songs and snatches of verse are very beautiful, even when most absurd, in their 
.sensuousness and haunting cadences. {Illustrated by J. Tenniel, ea. 6s. n. ($1), 2s. 6d. n. 
(8oc.), Macmillan. (i) Illustrated by Thomas Maybank, 2s. 6d., is. 6d., is., Routledge. 
Illustrated by Arthur Rackham, 6s. n., 8vo, Heinemann. Illustrated by Charles Robinson, 
6s. n. ($1), 4to, Cassell. Illustrated by W. H. Walker, 2s. 6d. n.. Lane. Illustrated by 
H. Rowntree. 6s. n., Nelson.] 

Sylvie and Bruno. 1889 

Sylvie and Bruno Concluded [sequel]. 1893 

In these later tales his comic imagination applies itself to the regular duties of the fabulist, 
to enforce what he held right in conduct and religion. The ideas are more recondite ; 
and, though the first object is entertainment, the didactic purpose is strongly pronounced. 
[Each 7s. 6d. n. ($1.50), 3s. 6d. n., Macmillan]. 

Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns [1830-95]. A True Reformer. 1873 

Opens with chapters of Anglo-Indian life at Simla under Lord Mayo (1869-72), and continues 
the hero's autobiography in England, where he tries as M.P. to pass a measure for reform- 
ing the army. Contains a large amount of special technical knowledge, which is carefully 
explained. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] 

The Dilemma : A Tale of the Mutiny. 1876 

How the English in an up-country station are surprised by the Mutiny and forced to defend 
their home desperately against odds. A dramatic story, founded on first-hand informa- 
tion, and full of the interest of individual character. [2s., Blackwood.] 



109 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns {continued). — The Private Secretary. 1881 

A young philanthropist falls in love with his private secretary ; but as his income depends on 
his offering marriage to a cousin, he is for a time hindered from marrjnng her, and induces 
her to become his mistress. Interest is concentrated on the heroine, on her gradual falling 
in love, and the mental struggle between self-respect and the dread of poverty for herself 
and her orphan brother. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] 

Coleridge, Mary E. [1861-1907]. The King with Two Faces. 1897 

A romance dealing with the events that led to the assassination of Gustavus III of Sweden in 
1792, the cabals of the nobility, the siege of Gothenburg, the King's revocation of the 
Constitution, etc. (1789-92). The Parisian episodes introduce Marie Antoinette, Count 
Fersen, Mme. de Stael, and others. Suffused with her curious mysticism. [6s., Arnold.] 

The Fiery Dawn. 1901 

Same theme as in Dumas' She Wolves, the Duchesse de Berri's attempt to place her son on 
the French throne (183 1—2). Historical and other characters drawn with fullness and care, 
plenty of strenuous action and strong touches of tragedy ; yet on the whole a vague 
and dreamy romance, like the others by Miss Coleridge. [6s., Arnold (§1.50, Longman, 
New York).] 

The Lady on the Drawing-room Floor. 1906 

A tenuous, enigmatic romance of to-day. [6s., Arnold ($1.50, Longman, New York).] 

" Conway, Hugh " [Frederick John Fargus ; 1840-85]. Called Back. 1884 

A bold, terse, and thrilling melodrama, based on the idea of a man's temporary loss of memory. 
The first of the modem " shilling shockers," it met with immense success and was drama- 
tized, [is., Arrowsmith, Bristol {25c., Hurst, New York).] 

A Family Affair. 1885 

A plot-novel of the Wilkie Collins type, with some character and delineation of domestic life, 
conversation and social incident, and touches of comedy in the idiosyncrasies of a pair of 
brothers. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 

A Cardinal Sin. 1886 

A complicated plot-novel, with a murder and a young man's adroit intrusion of himself into 
another's place and fortunes. [3s. 6d., Eden (30c., Holt, New York).] 

Crack anthorpe, Hubert M. [1865-96]. Wreckage ; and other Stories. 1893 

Little masterpieces of stern, tragic realism, of a kind more common in French literature than 
in English : a relentless exposure of the seamy side of modern life ; terrible in their cold, 
unimpassioned statement of the saddest things. [3s. 6d., Heinemann.] 

Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa [nee Richards; "John Oliver Hobbes"; 1 867-1 906 ; 
American by birth). Tales. 1894 

Four very actual and searching stories of modern society, rather fantastic in idea, pessimistic 
and cynical in criticism of life, clever and epigrammatic in style. The Sinner's Comedy 
(1892) is typical. The sinner's wife is an admirable woman, despised and slighted by her 
husband, whereas she might have been the good genius of a finer man, whose life is a blank 
without her. The irony of fate — or rather of human society — is set forth with bitter pathos. 
Some Emotions and a Moral (1891), a tragical love-tale, is a good introduction to Mrs. 
Craigie's curious blend of the real and the imaginary world. The other stories are A 
Study in Temptations {1893) and A Bundle of Life (1894), both rather strange and morbid 
in their main theme, and embracing some charmingly eccentric by-characters. [6s., Unwin 
{$1.50, Stokes, New York).] 

The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham. 1895 

A good man's marriage to a woman with a past, treated from a lofty standpoint. The husband's 
is a pathetic story of forsaken ideals. Lord Wickenham, confidant of the husband and 
official commentator, expounds the moral that a man should marry the goddess that he loves 
and not from mere weakness stoop to earth. [6s., as., Unwin ($1.50, Appleton, New York).] 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa {continued) — The Herb Moon : a Fantasia. 1896 

A little drama of the bizarre kind dear to Mrs. Craigie — the prolonged and interrupted court- 
ship of a supposed widow, who has a living husband in an asylum. She is a pathetic 
type of suffering womankind ; the man is a strong, pure-natured, taciturn character. 
[6s., 2s. 6d., Unwin.] 

The School for Saints. 1897 

Robert Orange [sequel]. 1900 

Two parts of a rambling life-history that opens up some moral problems. The more significant 
characters are uncommon in type, highly intellectual, lofty in their ideals, touched with 
decadence, thoroughl}' modem. The hero and his friends discuss religion, the greater 
issues of life, and other matters of deep emotional interest in a very solemn and self-con- 
scious way. Robert Orange, a paragon among feminine heroes, loves a woman whose hus- 
band proves to be living, and they part ; yet when the husband dies leaving them free, 
the idealist and visionary renounces love and seeks peace in the cloister ; he has already 
abandoned a brilliant political career. Orange is an idealized study of Disraeli, who 
further is introduced in person. [Each 6s., Unwin (each $1.50, Stokes, New York).] 

The Serious Wooing : a Heart's History. 190 1 

A story of high society, castigating its pettiness and insincerity with pointed wit. The head- 
strong heroine, sacrificing all to her forbidden passion, appears respectable compared with 
the empty and cynical worldlings who constitute this spurious aristocracy. [6s., Methuen.] 

Love and the Soul Hunters. 1902 

Introduces us to the world of throneless princes, morganatic marriages, subterranean diplomacy, 
and high finance, the most compelUng figure being a demi-mondaine of consummate clever- 
ness hailing from America. Her daughter, a wholesome English girl, is loved by a libertine 
prince — " a sentimental soul-hunter, a specialist in souls " — and a sour German doctor : 
which of them will win ? As usual, all the characters, always and everywhere, talk glibly 
like critics of life, not actors in it. [6s., is. n., Unwin ($1.50, Funk & Wagnalls, New York).] 

The Vineyard. 1904 

A sarcastic, paradoxical, and not over-convincing picture of middle-class mediocrity, modem 
affectation of culture, and undiluted philistinism in a provincial town, with the usual 
impersonations of decadence that Mrs. Craigie affects. [6s., Unwin.] 

The Dream and the Business. 1906 

A family of Nonconformists in Bayswater, some middle-class Hampstead people, a lord and 
his lady unsatisfactorily mated, and other modern personalities, some commonplace and 
some complex and bizarre — drawn with little sympathy, though less satire than pervades 
the last book. Vague and inconclusive as a story — in Mrs. Craigie's way — but abounding 
in keen flashes of insight into life and the objects of life, religion, society, culture and 
barbarism, and in her old brilliant epigram. Gladstone makes an appearance. , [6s., 
Unwin ($1.50, Appleton, New York).] 

Cunningham, Sir Henry Stewart [h. 1832]. Wheat and Tares. i860 

A short love-story, with a brilliant and clever young man for principal, whose egoism and 
adroit mastery of people and events remind one of George Eliot's Tito Melcma. A close 
representation of society in a seaside town ; the conversations characterized by wit and 
repartee and free handling of sentimental, moral, and religious topics. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 

Late Laurels. 1864 

Main idea : the contrast between a nature of genuine simplicity and nobleness and a brilliant 
but artificial character, a product of modern social influences. Sketches of society ; 
smart and lightly sarcastic dialogue. [2 vols., 21s., Longman : o.p.] 

The Chronicles of Dustypore. 1875 

Anglo-Indian official and social life in a station of the Sandy Tracts and in a pleasure resort 
among the hills. A gay little comedy, largely satirical, involving a variety of motives, 
love in particular ; with plenty of lively dialogue. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Cunningham, Sir Henry Stewart {continued). — The Heriots. 1889 

The heroine becomes engaged to a wealthy M.P., who introduces her to the cream of Enghsh 
Society, an episode that enables a number of characters to be amusingly sketched. Then 
she finds she is really in love with another man, poor like herself, to whom the novelist 
marries her in the last chapter. Sparkling dialogue. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 

Sibylla. 1894 

The story of the young spendthrift, who breaks his father's heart, disappears after ruining 
the family property, and comes to light again only to cause embarrassment, is of minor 
interest compared with the sketches of character and of society. The dialogue is full of 
zest and point ; politics and the lighter themes of a pleasure-loving world filling many 
pages with animated talk. [2 vols., 12s., Macmillan.] 

Davidson, John [185 7-1909]. Perfervid : the Career of Ninian Jamieson. 1890 

" One of the most original and fascinating stories of ' young blood ' and child adventure ever 
written " (Encyc. Brit.). [2s. 6d., Ward & Downey : o.p.] 

Baptist Lake. 1894 

Plotless and rather scattered in its interest ; but contains some suggestive sketches of character 
and striking thoughts about life. The anti-hero Baptist is a self-indulgent charlatan who 
exalts sensuality into a shoddy aestheticism. [3s. 6d., Ward & Downey.] 

A Full and Free Account of the Wonderful Mission of Earl Lavender, which 

leaked out one night and one day : with a history of the Pursuit of Lord 
Lavender and Lord Brumm by Mrs. Seamier and Maud Emblem. 1895 

A novel harking back somewhat to the romantic motives of Perfervid. [3s. 6d., Ward & 
Downey : o.p.] 

Davis, John [" Owen Hall "]. In the Track of a Storm. 1896 

The troubled career of a supposed highwayman and convict, the victim of a miscarriage of 
justice ; scenes of convict life in New South Wales. [2s., Chatto ($1, 50c., Lippincott, 
Philadelphia) .] 

DowLiNG, Richards [b. 1846]. Zozimus Papers. 

These are " comic and sentimental tales and legends of Ireland " originally published in the 
Dublin comic paper Zozimus, which Mr. Dowling edited about 1870. [o.p.] 

The Mystery of Killard. 1879 

The mystery is connected with an inaccessible rock on the forbidding coast of Clare and a 
certain treasure. But the central and most original idea is that of " a deaf mute who, 
by brooding on his own misfortune, grows to envy and then to hate his own child, because 
the child can hear and speak." [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Tinsley : o.p.] 



Old Corcoran's Money. 1884 

The first of various sensational plot-novels to which the author now turned his attention. A 
miser, his stolen money, and the detection of the thief, with sketches of life in S. Ireland, 
and some character-drawing. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] 

DixoN, William Hepworth [1821-79]. Diana, Lady Lyle. 1877 

Takes the reader half round the globe ; Virginia, Niagara, Canada, London, Yorkshire, France, 
Egypt, Simla, all become the successive scenes and supply travel-pictures. The tale is 
of a serious misunderstanding in Lady Lyle's married life and its clearing up. The char- 
acters are as cosmopolitan as the scenery. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] 

Downey, Edmund [" F. M. Allen " ; b. 1856]. Anclior- Watch Yarns. 1884 

Tiirough Green Glasses. 1887 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 
Downey, Edmund {continued). — From the Green Bag. 1889 

Comic episodes of pseudo-history by a humorist of County Waterford, Dan Banim — e.g. the 
buriesque account of King James's escape after the battle of the Boyne, the loves of Dermot 
MacMurrough and Devorgilla, and the true story of Lambert Simnel the impostor ; char- 
acter sketches of a set of old sea-dogs, mostly Irish, and their favourite yams, and other 
tales of an extravagant kind. [All o.p.] 

The Merchant of Killogue. 1894 

A picture of life and poUtics in an Irish provincial town, highly praised by Reade. Amusing 

election scenes. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Heinemann : o.p.] 

Dorothy Tuke. 1905 

A story of the sea. [6s., Hurst & Blackett.] 

Du Maurier, George [1834-97]. Peter Ibbetson. 1894 

Du Maurier, the black-and-white artist, wrote three novels out of the materials furnished by 
his personal memories of life in Paris and other places in France and Belgium, the best 
of them, though not the most popular, being the first. A melancholy, dreamy book, the 
plot-motive of which is a supernatural gift enabling the hero to meet his lost love in the 
dreamland of the past. Reminiscences of a happy childhood spent at Passy give a 
reahstic basis to the fantasy. Illustrated by the Author. [6s. ($1.50), Harper; 2 vols., 
2 IS., 8vo, Harper.] 

Trilby. 1895 

Made up partly of Du Maurier's reminiscences of Bohemian life in Paris, and partly of a story 

of hypnotic influence over a beautiful girl. It was this inferior sensational element which 
brought the story fame, especially in the dramatized form. In spite of the poignant 
sadness, the book is mainly a comedy, full of spontaneous mirth and bonhomie. [2s. n. 
($1.75), Harper.] 

The Martian. 1898 

Returns to the theme of Peter Ibbetson — France in the forties, Parisian and provincial happy 

domestic life, Belgian scenes, Malines and its dignified clerical society. The romantic 
side is concerned with a dream-influence from Mars that supplies the hero with literacy 
inspiration, whilst Utopian adumbrations of a nobler race of men inspire Du Maurier the 
draughtsman. [6s. ($1.75), Harper.] 

DuRAND, Sir Henry Mortimer \b. 1850]. Helen Treveryan. 1892 

Adventures and love affairs of a young English ofi&cer, killed by Afghans. The second Afghan 
War (1878—9) is described in circumstantial style (the author was present), with criticisms 
of the position of the British in India. [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] 

Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold [1838-1903]. Grif : a Story of Australian Life. 1866 

Poverty, villainy, and innocence in the end triumphant ; an Oliver Twist of Melbourne and 
the diggings at the time of the Gold Rush. Grif is a street arab and a thief, but brave 
and capable of all the virtues. On the one hand we have Grif, a virtuous and unfortunate 
wife, and the misguided husband ; on the other, a gang of desperadoes and bushrangers. 
[3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] 

Blade-o'-Grass. 1874 

A humanitarian novel picturing the different fates of twin sisters, one happily adopted by 
respectable people, the other left to the hard mercies of slum life. [6s., Hutchinson.] 



— Great Porter Square : a Mystery. 1884 
[3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] 

— Devlin the Barber. 1888 
[is.. Ward & Downey: o.p.] 

— The Mystery of M. Felix. 1890 

[2s., White: o.p.] 

Sensational stories of murder and mystery, and its ultimate explanation, on the same general 
Unes as Gaboriau's detective stories. 

X 113 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold {continued). — Samuel Boyd of Catchpole Square. 1899 

A thrilling detective story, less inartistic than the average. [6s., Hutchinson; $1.25, 50c., 
New Amsterdam Book Co., New York.] 

The Tragedy of Featherstone. 1886 



[3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] 

Fenn, George Manville [1831-1909]. A Little World. 1877 

Chiefly a story of humble life and a worthy organist's struggle with adverse circumstances, 
plot-business being introduced by the mysterious disappearance of a baronet's son. 
Some amusing people from the neighbourhood of Seven Dials contribute many lighter 
pages. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., H. S. King : o.p.] 



— Nat the Naturalist ; or, A Boy's Adventures in the Southern Seas. 

[juvenile] 1882 
[5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] 

— Middy and Ensign ; or, The Jungle Station. A Tale of the Malay Peninsula. 

[juvenile] 1883 
[3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] 

— The Silver Canon : a Tale of the Western Plains. [juvenile] 1884 
[3s. 6d., Low.] 

— Menhardoc : a Story of Cornish Nets and Mines, [juvenile] 1884 



[3s., Blackie ; $1, Scribner, New York.] 

— Bunyip Land : the Story of a Wild Journey in New Guinea, [juvenile] 1884 
[3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] 

— The Devon Boys : a Tale of the North Shore. [juvenile] 1886 



[3s. 6d., Blackie.] 

— Yussuf the Guide ; or, The Mountain Bandits : a Story of Adventure in Asia 
Minor. [juvenile] 1886 

[3s., Blackie ; $1, Scribner, New York.] 

— Dick o' the Fens : a Tale of the Great East Swamp. [juvenile] 1887 



[3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] 

— This Man's Wife. 1887 
A story of a Botany Bay convict (early nineteenth century). The tragic interest comes from 

a noble wife's sublime devotion to a worthless husband, and her sufferings and pathetic 
endeavours to prove his innocence. The author's tales for boys are better known than 
these more ambitious works. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] 

— The Story of Anthony Grace. 1887 
A simple, unexaggerated chronicle of other people's lives. A boy without friends wins his 

way to success, a young inventor struggling to perfect an important invention. The 
entertaining constable, Revitts, and an irascible, tender-hearted maid-servant supply 
humour. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] 

— The Man with a Shadow. . 1888 
A young surgeon with a theory about death, whose experiment in this direction results in 

madness and obsession, with the belief that he has a dual personality; a muscular curate 
and his contrasted sisters, one gentle and staid, the other flighty, with some other 
characters and plenty of vigorous incident. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] 

— Commodore Junk. 1888 
[3s. 6d., Chatto ; 75c., Street, New York.] 

— Quicksilver : the Boy with no Skid to his Wheel. [juvenile] 1888 
[3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.25, Scribner, New York.] 

IT4 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Fenn, George Manville {continued). — The Grand Chaco. [juvenile] 1892 
[2s. 6d., Partridge ; 75c., Street, New York.] 

Real Gold. [juvenile] 1893 



[5s., Chambers; $1.50, Whittaker, New York.] 

— Steve Young; or. The Voyage of the "Albatross" to the Icy Seas. 

[juvenile] 1893 
[5s.. S.P.C.K.] 

— The Black Bar. [juvenile] 1893 
[2S. 6d., 3s. 6d., Low.] 

— Blue Jackets. [juvenile] 1893 



[3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] 

— Cormorant Crag. [juvenile] 1895 
[2S. 6d., Partridge.] 

— The Black Tor. [juvenile] 1896 

A story of robbers in the reign of James I. Scene, Peak of Derbyshire. [5s., Chambers ; 
$1, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

— Nic Revel. [juvenile] 1898 

— Ned Leger. [juvenile] 1899 
Adventures of a midshipman on the Spanish Main. [5s., S.P.C.K.] 

— Ching the Chinaman. [juvenile] 1902 
[5s., S.P.C.K.; $2. Young, New York.] 

— Marcus, the Young Centurion. [juvenile] 1904 



Caesar and the Gallic War. [5s., Nister.] 

Sea stories, historical romances, travel tales, and miscellaneous adventures all the world 
over, exciting, wholesome, and not uninstructive. Good, sound entertciinment for boys 
The titles as a rule give enough description of the kind of interest. 

FoTHERGiLL, Jessie [1851-91]. Aldyth. 1876 

A girl refuses, from a sense of duty to her younger sisters, to emigrate with her lover, and 
ten years later is treacherously supplanted by one of them. A domestic story of the trials 
that purify character. [2s., Macmillan.] 

The First VioUn. 1877 

A sympathetic picture of German musical Ufe, the hero being leader of an orchestra in Diissel- 
dorf. A story of incident as well as of character, strong in local colour. [6s., Macmillan ; 
$1, 30c., Holt, New York.] 

Probation. i88a 

A story of the Lancashire cotton famine of 1863, setting forth on the one side the distress 
of the poor operatives, and on the other the loves of a wealthy girl, a hot champion of 
women's rights, and a clever man who engages her energies and enthusiasms in really 
useful work. [2s., Macmillan ; 75c., Fenno, New York.] 

Kith and Kin. 1881 



Like the foregoing, a good example of the novel suited for family reading. The hero is the 
grandson of a wealthy squire, disinherited and earning his living as a clerk. His grandsire 
learns accidentally the true position of the young man, whom he had supposed to be in 
comfortable circumstances. This is the starting-point of the plot. The love episodes 
have many passages of deep and true feeling. [2s., Macmillan; $1, Burt, New York.] 

"5 



ENGLISH FICTION 

FoTHERGiLL, Jessic {continued). — From Moor Isles. 1888 

A small group of characters, male and female ; Brian, a study of the artistic temperament, 
in which the author always shows especial interest, the impulsive Inez, and the fine- 
natured daughter of the people, Alice Ormerod, with her devotion and unreciprocated 
love. [2s., Macmillan ; $135, Holt, New York.] 

Froude, James Anthony [1818-94]. The Two Chiefs of Dunboy. 1889 

An historian's essay in fiction — an Irish tale composed of some materials used in writing his 
English in Ireland. [3s. 6d., Longman.] 

Garnett, Richard [1835-1906]. The Twilight of the Gods ; and other Tales. 1888 

The title story is a witty travesty of the Prometheus legend, the titan being released from 
durance when the Christian mob ejects the pagan gods. Some two dozen shorter stories 
are of the same sardonic trend ; the close-knit construction, the parsimony of effect, 
and the strong, masculine style, being quite after the classic model. [New and augmented 
edn., 6s., Lane, 1906.] 

GissiNG, George Robert [1857-1903]. The Unclassed. 1884 

Gissing was one of the most serious and conscientious students of modern conditions, par- 
ticularly in the lower middle classes, and wrote with a faithfulness and sincerity that 
but for his lack of humour would have made him one of our greatest novelists. Like 
Balzac, he was a demographer. He worked in crowds, or rather social groups, and it is 
these that impress themselves on the memory rather than any individual creations. 
He discloses in a powerful and luminous way the realities of life to-day, especially in great 
towns like London, and not only shows up social maladies, but illustrates the working of 
ameliorative agencies, particularly Socialism. In The Unclassed he attacks a most 
dispiriting prolDlem in an idealistic fashion. The " Unclassed " are the " daughters of 
joy," and the author would show that even these are not utterly lost. Two girls are 
rescued, or rescue themselves, and live an honest and womanly life ; one of them devoting 
herself nobly to the work of helping the poor and fallen. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen ; $1.25, 
50c., Fenno, New York.] 

Demos : a Story of English Socialism. 1886 

A very earnest examination of Socialism in its effect on various minds; the principal charac- 
ter, a demagogic workman who comes into money and gradually lapses from integrity 
and his high ideals. The finer natures of the woman who loves him and of the woman 
of gentle nurture whom he marries bring in the pathos of human tragedy, while his old 
companions and his relatives afford studies of idiosyncrasy and human kindness amongst 
the working classes. Much more honest as a study of life as it is than the earlier novel. 
[2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] 

Thyrza. 1887 

Tells the story of a London factory girl whose imaginative and spiritual disposition stands 
out in relief against squalid surroundings. Full of tragic human interest, to which 
the many by-characters contribute, e.g. the artisan-student, the young Ruskinian teaching 
among the workmen of Lambeth, and a working-man who is an agnostic and Socialist. 
[2S. 6d., 28., Smith & Elder.] 

A Life's Morning. 1888 

" The most vernal in atmosphere of any of his novels." The heroine does marry the lover 
whose position is so much above hers, but her father's fate is representative of a pathetic 
group of Mr. Gissing's characters, worthy and capable men, whose life-work is ruined by 
the conditions into which they are bom. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] 

The Nether World. 1889 

Pictures in a stem and impressive way the obscure, poverty-stricken multitudes of Clerken- 
well, brutalized by the inhuman struggle for bread, half of them criminals or in close 
touch with criminals, a nether world of squalor and misery. Among the drab crowds 
that move before us stand out the family of a worthy man ruined by misfortune, with a 
son and a daughter driven to felony and immorality ; and, on the other hand, a little 
group of ideal characters engaged in a lofty struggle with evil, in which they are worsted 
by circumstances. . [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder; 45c., Harper, New York.] 

116 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

GissiNG, George Robert (continued). — The Emancipated. 1890 

Presents a series of characters who have liberated themselves from the restraints of creed and 
morcd law. The emancipated women are morbid, self-questioning types, whose histories 
are records of failure and unhappiness, relieved by the episode of Miriam's wooing and 
mzirriage to a rough and honest man and their happy after-life. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen.] 

New Grub Street. 1891 

A pessimistic study of the literary life under modem conditions, much of the poignancy 
due to an autobiographical element. The writer, who is a business man, succeeds, while 
those of superior talent and finer artistic conscience fall into distress and ruin. [2s. 6d., 
2s., Smith & Elder.] 

Born in Exile. 1892 

The hero, a compound of base and honourable qualities, is ambitious of rising in the world 

and of mixing with cultivated society, but is handicapped by the disadvantages of his 
early life and by personal qualities attributed to heredity. [3s. 6d., 2s., Black.] 

The Odd Women. 1893 

A curious phase of modem life, the forlorn lot of the " superfluous " women. The ineffectual 

struggles of a group of gently nurtured women, and a girl's unhappy marriage for the sake 
of a home, related with his usual realism. [2s. n., Bullen; $1, Macmillan, New York.] 

In the Year of Jubilee. 1894 

Satirizes the vulgarity and barbarism of the lower middle class, presenting a humorous com- 
mentator in a man with a mania for statistics, and a number of typical characters drawn 
and analysed with candour and realism. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen; $1, 50c., Appleton, 
New York.] 

Eve's Ransom. 1895 

Dwells on the sordid aspects of lower-middle-class life, and describes how Eve's artistic and 
social aspirations are awakened by a visit to Paris. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen; $1, 50c., 
Appleton, New York.] 

The Whirlpool. 1897 

Theme : the irresistible attraction which London, with its pleasures, excitements, and ex- 
travagance, has for a numerous class of people, who may depart for a season, but are 
drawn again into the fatal vortex. The cultured life has no time for children, and sterility 
is the common result. Is there not better hope even in Rudyard Kipling's ideal of man 
as the active animal and fighter ? This and like questions arise in the course of the 
novel. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] 

Human Odds and Ends. 1897 

Sketches and jottings of many phases of life, rarely amounting to a story, yet significant and 
full of penetration ; e.g. Comrades in Arms, the abortive love affair of a Uterary man and 
a literary woman ; Lord Dunfteld, a severe picture of aristocratic barbarism ; Raw Material 
and The Beggar's Nurse, glimpses of the sadness and infamy of life under modem condi- 
tions. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen : o.p.] 



— The Town Traveller. 1898 

An unwontedly bright story, bringing out the humours of a group of London people of a 
commonplace, typical kind ; a good-natured " commercial," a cockney girl, a lodging- 
house keeper, and so on, in Kennington. [6s., Methuen ; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] 

— The Crown of Life. 1899 



The first part autobiographical. One of Gissing's restrained tragedies of modern existence — 
how a man misses love, the crown of life. [6s., Methuen.] 

— Our Friend the Charlatan. 1901 



Comedy of the kind that makes you think how unpleasant everybody is. Deals with higher 
strata of society and satirizes shallow " culture." The Charlatan is a product of modern 
education, who puts himself forward as a politician with a theory. (This bio-sociological 
theory is really borrowed from Prof. Jean Izoulet's La CiU moderne). The unpleasant 
characters are true to modem conditions, and the analysis is fair though severe. [6s., 
Chapman; $1.50, Holt, New York.] 

117 



ENGLISH FICTION 

GiSSiNG, George Robert {continued). — The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft. 1903 

The mellowest, kindest, and most human fruit of Gissing's pen. Pathetic in its autobio- 
graphic interest, as Ryecroft only too plainly reflected the struggles and disillusionments of 
Gissing's own career as an author, which ended untimely the year this was published. 
A defeated literary man comes into an annuity, gives up book-making, and settles down to 
quiet happiness and contemplation in the country. This is his diary in spring, summer, 
autumn, winter ; with his observations of nature, people, books, and himself — a capti- 
vating revelation of Gissing's own mind and heart. [6s., 3s. 6d., 2s. 6d. n., Constable.] 

Veranilda. 1904 

A scholarly and workmanlike, but colourless, historical romance, depicting the dying struggles 
of Rome and Italy during the Gothic invasion under Totilas, just after the brilhant 
exploits of Behsarius (544-6). Veranilda is a Gothic princess, loved by a Roman noble. 
[6s., Constable.] 

The House of Cobwebs ; and other Stories. 1906 

A collection of very significant and representative fragments, which, Uke Human Odds and 
Ends, shows how admirably Gissing could work on a small scale. Introductory survey 
by Thomas Seccombe. [6s., Constable.] 

Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- [6. 1834]. In Exitu Israel. 1870 

Church and State in France (1788-9). [o.p. ; 2 vols., 21s., i vol. ; $1.50, Macmillan, New York.] 

Mehalah : a Story of the Salt Marshes. 1880 

A powerful and imaginative story of peasant folk on the east coast, in which character and 
melodrama are mixed in fairly equal parts. Mehalah is a country girl of strong and passion- 
ate nature, the heroine of some painful episodes ; there is racy humour in the talk and 
doings of several rustic people. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] 

John Herring. 1884 

A powerful and sombre story of village life and half-savage, primitive characters on the borders 
of Devon and Cornwall. The characters numerous and varied, and their development 
the basis of the action. Imaginative description of places and of old families and their 
histories, the legends connected with the Dartmoor antiquities, etc. Strong in dialect. 
[2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] 

Court Royal : a Story of Cross-Currents. 1886 

The last act in the reign of a ducal family, brought low by chronic extravagance. Attention 
is concentrated on the career of a poor girl, pawned to the Jew who holds the chief mort- 
gages and uses them as instruments of revenge for a personal outrage. By her natural 
abilities she inherits the Jew's wealth, marries a rich parvenu, and ends as mistress of the 
duke's late mansion. The eclipse of the aristocratic house is treated as a serious problem 
■ of modern social tendencies, though Joanna's career is all melodrama. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith 

& Elder.] 

Red Spider. 1887 

Aims at picturing realistically and preserving the features of village life on the borders of 
Devon and Cornwall as it was fifty years or more ago. The heroine is a girl of noble 
nature, and the yeoman farmer class is depicted with many individual touches. [2s., 
Chatto ; 75c., 50c., Appleton, New York.] 

The Gaverocks. 1888 

The sensational plot turns on wife-murder ; the characters are accentuated types of Cornish 
villagers in bygone times ; the peasants, callous, unlovable people ; the gentry repre- 
sented by a brutal old squire of an obsolete stamp and his family — a rudely picturesque 
group. Local customs, superstitions, and other folklore copiously exploited. [2s. 6d., 
2S., Smith & Elder; 50c., 25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

Richard Cable, the Lightshipman. 1888 

Story of an Essex peasant who marries an heiress — the pathos of humble life, relieved with 
farce. The story at length transports us to Cornish scenes, and there is a fine descrip- 
tion of a great wreck. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder; 25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 

118 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 
Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- (continued). — Eve. 1888 

Scene : Morwell Hall, a romantic and historic spot on the Tamar, at the edge of Dartmoor 
(c. 1820). Legends of the moor, pixies, a convict's escape) etc. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; 
$1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] 

Grettir the Outlaw. [juvenile] 1889 

An exciting story of desperate feats, combats with berserks and with the spirit of Glam, 
etc., and an instructive account of the old Icelandic mode of Ufe (c. 997-1031). Based 
on a famous saga. 6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] 

Urith : a Tale of Dartmoor. 1891 

Turns partly on Monmouth's rebelhon (1685) ; full of stormy incident and acts of passion 
and malice ; the scenery and antiquities of the moor, and the manners and customs that 
reigned among the rugged inhabitants, are presented with abundant knowledge. [6s., 
Methuen.] 



— Margery of Quether ; and other Stories. 1891 

Margery is an uncanny story ending in preparations for a witch-burning ; scene, Lamerton, 
near Tavistock. At the Y is another tale of bygone Dartmoor. [3s. 6d., Methuen.] 



— In the Roar of the Sea. 1892 

1 Strong in description of the rugged coast of N. Cornwall ; the characters as usual not prepos- 
sessing, but drawn with a powerful hand. [6s., Methuen; $1, Street, New York).] 

— Cheap- Jack Zita. 1893 



A very sensational story of the Ely fens in 1815. [6s., Methuen ; $125, 50c., Tait, New York.] 

— The Queen of Love. 1894 
A romantic story, strong in character-drawing ; scene, Saltwich, in Cheshire. [6s., Methuen.] 

— Noemi : a Story of Rock-Dwellers. 1895 



France under Charles VII, at the time of the long struggle with England (c. 1450) ; the heroine, 
an Amazonian Jewess. Local features, such as the wondrous rock-fortress on the Dor- 
dogne, play a considerable part in the tale. [6s., Methuen; §1, 50c., Appleton, New 
York.] 

— Kitty Alone : a Story of Three Fires. 1895 



Teignmouth and the fringes of Dartmoor in the rick-burning days (c. 1820). Kitty is one of 
the writer's best women-characters ; and her uncle, Pasco Peperill, who commits arson 
to get the insurance, is a rascal strongly portrayed. Describes " Brunei's Folly " — the 
Atmospheric Railway. [6s., Methuen.] 

— The Broom-Squire. 1896 

Deals with the historic murder of a sailor near the Devil's Punchbowl, Hindhead, in 1786, 
by three men who were hanged at this spot ; and with life in the neighbourhood at the time. 
Contains a striking female character — Mehetabel. [6s., Methuen ; 50c., Stokes, New York.] 

— Dartmoor Idylls. 1896 



Magazine stories of the primitive moorland folk, descriptive of the wild and barren but ever- 
varying scenery, and full of local and archaeological lore. [6s., Methuen.] 

— Guavas, the Tinner. 1897 



A melodrama of passion, villainy, and triumphant virtue, enacted in the wildest part of X>art- 
moor, and embodying much antiquarian lore, chiefly about the Stannary Laws, the 
manners and customs of the tin-miners, and the superstitions that prevailed down to the 
Elizabethan age and even after. [6s., Methuen.] 

— Bladys of the Stewponey. 1897 



A Shropshire romance (1790) turning on the marriage of a hangman, who manages to conceal 
his identity, with the pretty daughter of an innkeeper. Contains some ghastly scenes, 
like the execution of a woman by burning. [6s., Methuen.] 

119 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- {continued). — Perpetua. 1897 

The persecutions of Christians at Nimes (a.d. 213); a learned archaeological work. [6s., 
Pitman; $1.25, Dutton, New York.] 

Domitia. 1898 

An antiquary's picture of Court life in Rome during the reign of terror under Domitian 
(67-96) ; takes liberties with history. The heroine is the tyrant's unhappy wife. [6s., 
Heinemann; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] 

Pabo the Priest. 1899 

A story of Wales in the time of Henry I (1100-35), who was trying to force Roman discipUne 
on the independent Welsh Church, with a view to subjugating the people. Strong in 
local colour. [6s., Methuen ; 25c., Stokes, New York.] 



- Furze Bloom. 1899 

Tales of the Western Moors," little vignettes of rustic life, not so fantastic nor so much 
ideaUzed as in the longer stories, e.g. Genefer, A Can of Whortles, Caroline. [6s., Methuen.] 

- Winifred : a Story of the Chalk Qiffs. 1900 



The heroine, the unacknowledged child of a gentleman and a smuggler's daughter, is given a 
lady's education by the energy of her mother, a fierce, persecuted woman, who curses 
her recreant husband and is reconciled to him only on his death-bed. The heroine's is 
also a strong, mutinous nature ; and the other characters participate more or less in the 
same exceptional strength. Devonshire landscape is an attractive feature in the story, 
[6s., Methuen; $1.50, Page, New York.] 

— Royal Georgie. 1901 



The Prince Regent, Dartmoor. [6s., Methuen.] 

The Frobishers. 1901 

A study of the hardships and oppressions of workers in the pottery districts of North Stafford- 
shire, the details evidently " got up " for the purpose of instructing public opinion. [6s., 
Methuen.] 

In Dewisland. 1904 

Pembrokeshire and the Rebecca riots (1843-4), rustic characters (not very convincingly drawn), 
exciting incidents, and local antiquities. [6s., Methuen.] 

Green, Evelyn Everett- [b. 1856]. Six Stories, narrated by Max von Pochammer. 

1900 

The first story may be taken as type of this prolific writer's many domestic stories for young 
girls : the love-tale of a German pastor, a learned man, but simple-hearted, a believer in 
Providence, who chooses his wife by a sign from above, and wins her love after years of 
waiting. [3s. 6d., Leadenhall Press.] 

In the Days of Chivalry : a Tale of the Times of the Black Prince. 

[juvenile] 1892 

This and the following are perhaps the best of Miss Everett Green's historical tales for children. 
A story of the Hundred Years' War with France ; Cre9y, Calais, etc. [5s., Nelson.] 



— The Lost Treasure of Trevlyn. [juvenile] 1893 
Time of the Gunpowder Plot. [5s., Nelson.] 

— Evil May-Day. [juvenile] 1893 

London, 1517 ; the prentices' riot against foreign craftsmen, attack on Newgate, etc. [2s. 6d., 
Nelson.] 



120 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Green, Evelyn Everett- (continued). — Shut In. [juvenile] 1894 

" A Tale of the Wonderful Siege of Antwerp" {1585). [5s., Nelson.] 

The Lord of Dynevor : a Tale of the Time of Edward I. [juvenile] 1892 



— My Lady Joanna. [juvenile] 1902 

Both deal with the wars with the Welsh in Edward I's reign, [(i) 2s. 6d., Nelson ; (2) 2s. 6d., 
Nisbet.] 

— In Taunton Town. [juvenile] 1895 



"A Story of the rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth in 1685." [5s., Nelson.] 
— The Young Pioneers. [juvenile] 1896 



La Salle on the Mississippi (c, 1669). [5s., Nelson.] 

— A Clerk of Oxford. [juvenile] 1897 

Oxford, Kenilworth, the battle of Lewes, etc. (1264). [5s., Nelson.] 



— The Sign of the Red Cross. [juvenile] 1897 
The Plague and the Fire. [2s., Nelson.] 

— Tom Tuf ton's Travels. [juvenile] 1897 



— Tom Tufton's Toll [sequel]. [juvenile] 1898 
Adventures of highwaymen, etc. (1704). [Each 3s. 6d., Nelson,] 

— French and English. [juvenile] 1899 
War in Canada, Fort WiUiam Henry, attack on Louisburg, battle of Quebec. [5s., Nelson.] 



— The Heir of Hascombe Hall. [juvenile] 1900 

Last years of Henry VII, with Henry VIII as Prince of Wales ; laid in the south of England 
and in London. [5s., Nelson.] 

— After Worcester. [juvenile] 1900 
Time of the Commonwealth and the wanderings of Charles II (1650-1). [5s., Nelson.] 



— In Fair Granada : a Tale of Moors and Christians. [juvenile] 1901 

The Moors and Christians in the time of Pliilip II. [5s., Nelson.] 



— A Hero of the Highlands. [juvenile] 1902 

The hero is an English adherent of Prince Charles Edward Stuart ; battle of Culloden, etc. 
(1745-6). [5s., Nelson.] 

— Fallen Fortunes. [juvenile] 1902 



"Adventures of a gentleman of quality in the days of Queen Anne "; battle of Ramillies, 
fashionable life in London, etc. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 

— Cambria's Chieftain. [juvenile] 1903 



Welsh rebellion against Henry IV: Hotspur, Glendower, Mortimer, etc. (1400-15). Style 
declamatory and anti-English. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 

— The Castle of the White Flag. [juvenile] 1903 



— Ringed by Fire [sequef]. [juvenile] 1905 

Two stories of Alsace and a French-German family. Wissembourg, Worth, Gravclottc, Metz, 
etc., well described. [Each 5s., Nelson.] 

121 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Green, Evelyn Everett- {continued). — Under Two Queens. [juvenile] 1904 

London in 1552-4, time of Lady Jane Grey. [5s., Shaw.] 

The Children's Crusade. [juvenile] 1905 



Adventures of three boys among the Moors in 12 12. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 
— In Northern Seas. [juvenile] 1906 



The Venetian Zeno's voyage to the Faroes and America (14th cent.). [2s., Nelson.] 
— The Defence of the Rock. [juvenile] 1907 



Siege of Gibraltar (1779-83). [5s., Nelson.] 

Ruth Ravelstan. [juvenile] 1907 

Times of the Commonwealth and the attempt to assassinate Cromwell (1649-60) . [5s., Nelson.] 

Knights of the Road. [juvenile] 1908 

John Howard and Newgate Prison. [2s. 6d., Nelson.] 

Griffiths, Major Arthur George Frederick [1839-1908]. In Tight Places : Some 
Experiences of an Amateur Detective. 1900 

A collection of short detective stories that deal httle with the repellent aspects of crime, 
though concerned with shady life and the hunting down of felons. Very matter-of-fact 
and unsentimental in manner. The author was an authority on police and crime, and had 
been a governor and a Government inspector of prisons. [6s., Jarrold.] 



— Fast and Loose. 1900 

An exciting detective story — crime, mystery, and discovery woven into a complex mesh. 
[6s., Macqueen : o.p.] 

— The Wrong Road. 1903 



The well-drawn-out solution of a poisoning mystery, in which the author's knowledge of 
criminals is shown to advantage. [6s., Milne.] 



— Before the British Raj : a Story of Military Adventure in India. 1903 

A soldier of fortune in the days of the Mogul Empire ; fights under Lord Lake (1803) . [3s. 6d., 
Everett.] 

— A Royal Rascal. 1905 



Career of a gentleman and soldier who serves in the old 135th, in India and the Peninsula, 
and meets with many of the most illustrious generals of that era (1795-1815). [6s., 
Unwin.] 

— Thrice Captive. 1908 



Exciting adventures of a young English gentleman, chiefly in Spain, during Peterborough's 
campaigns. That daring general is a prominent figure. The siege of Barcelona and the 
actions at Monjuich, Almanza, etc., are described. [6s., White.] 

Groome, Francis Hindes [1851-1902]. Kriegspiel : the War Game. 1896 

Gipsy life delineated by an eminent authority, the author of Gypsy Folk-Tales (1898). An 
English baronet, son of Romany mother, is kidnapped, and travels over England and the 
Scottish border in a gipsy caravan ; Suffolk, Berwick, and Edinburgh being the chief 
scenes. Romany manners and customs, life under canvas, language and folklore, are 
presented in a striking way. [6s., Ward & Lock.] 

Hardy, Francis H. [American by adoption]. The Mills of God. 1897 

A didactic novel of domestic and agricultural life in New Jersey. A canting farmer who 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

makes his religion a sanction for selfishness; a down-trodden, patient wife , and a boy, a 
mischievous, affectionate imp, are the principal figures. The boy's daring saves the 
transcontinental mail and makes his mother's last days happy. [6s., Smith & Elder.] 

Hardy, Thomas [b. 1840]. Desperate Remedies. 1871 

A plot-novel of the Wilkie Collins brand, with some glints of Mr. Hardy's powerful sketching 
of village life, rustic gossips, and nature. 

Under the Greenwood Tree. 1872 

The first of the Wessex novels proper, the common groundwork of which is a very vivid, 

intimate, and lifelike delineation of the people of Dorset and the neighbouring counties, 
and of the natural life and scenery. The local dialect is used with literary modification, 
A series of dramas, mainly tragic, hingeing on motives of passion, are enacted in these 
surroundings, the protagonists, as a rule, being yeomen, tradesmen, and others, raised 
above the rank of the peasants, who figure chiefly in the comic scenes. A gloomy and 
sceptical view of life and morality becomes more pronounced in the later works, which 
sometimes take on a polemical tone. Mr. Hardy is by genius a dramatist, with strong 
leanings to naturalism on the one hand, and on the other a high poetic imagination which 
instinctively personifies Nature herself as an actor in his theatre of human forces and the 
forces that play on humanity. This first characteristic novel is an idyll of village life, in 
which the members of a carrier's family and the parish choir, a gathering of rustic oddi- 
ties, furnish a sort of comic chorus to the main action — the loves of a rustic boy and girl. 
It is the brightest example of Mr. Hardy's genuine though somewhat limited humour. 

A Pair of Blue Eyes. 1872-3 

Two friends are in love with the same Cornish girl, who loves both and marries neither, the 

end poignant tragedy. The story turns characteristically on the mutual misunderstandings 
of the friends and similar sins of innocence on the maiden's part. The author's gloomy 
determinism begins to show itself here in the abundant coincidences that seem like fatality. 
A little village on the Cornish coast is the principal scene. 

Far from the Madding Crowd. 1874 

Represents the tragi-comedy of country life : the principal characters farmers, whose labour- 
ing men take the comic parts. The title is ironical, several deaths chequering the story, 
though Oak and Bathsheba, two characters thoroughly typical of Thomas Hardy, are 
wedded at the end. A harrowing episode of seduction, desertion, and death, and a melo- 
dramatic episode of disappointed love and jealousy, are attached to the main story. The 
routine of agricultural work, outdoor life on the farm, the natural scenery and the weather 
make a fine setting, often coloured with the richest poetic imagination. 

The Hand of Ethelberta : a Comedy in Chapters. 1876 

Deals with both Wessex and society in London. Ethelberta is the author's Becky Sharp, 

but differs in fundamental traits from Thackeray's adventuress. A girl of lowly birth, 
she flourishes for a time as a fine lady by means of genuine talent, a successful crusader 
against caste prejudice, but ends as wife of an aristocratic debauchee. Unconquerable 
loyalty to her needy brothers and sisters is her redeeming virtue. 

The Return of the Native. 1878 

A drama of passion and nemesis, enacted amidst the wild and solemn scenery of an imaginary 

heath, and animated profoundly by the author's philosophy of revolt. He regards the 
characters and their environment as illustrations of the " quandary " in which the working 
of natural laws has placed mankind. Fatal misunderstandings between dear relatives, 
and the subtle and imperceptible yielding to temptation, which leads to crime and death, 
are the characteristic motives. Clym Yeobright and his mother and the strangely fasc- 
inating Eustacia Vye are among his finest impersonations of human longing and disillu.sion- 
ment, anguish, and endurance. A typical example of Mr. Hardy's poetic treatment of 
nature and nature's influence on character. 

The Trumpet Major. 1879 

A genial and happy love-story, more soberly realistic than the foregoing in its picture of family 

life and of a fickle sailor lover. The anxiety and suspense prevailing in the southern 
counties during the Napoleonic terror is a leading motive, and we get a glimpse of George 
III and his family at their favourite watering-place of Weymouth. The Trumpet Major 
has been successful on the boards of a rustic theatre. 

123 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Hardy, Thomas {continued). — A Laodicean ; or, The Castle of the De Stancys : a 
Story of To-day. 1881 

Another minor novel of Wessex and society. The heroine a weaker Ethelberta and the motive 
somewhat similar, feudal prestige superseded by brains and money. 

Two on a Tower : a Romance. 1882 

A fanciful and unreal story with a strong dash of poetry ; the hero an amateur astronomer 
burning to devote his life to science. A lady of higher social status loves him, and thus 
creates one of the ironical situations in which the author delights. 

The Mayor of Casterbridge. 1886 

A minor but characteristic work, concentrating interest on one man, an impetuous, domi- 
neering personality, whose energy wins him worldly success, but whose bad passions 
eventually work his ruin. Life in a small provincial town (Dorchester), with imaginative 
description of the place and its rural surroundings. 

The Woodlanders. 1887 

A sylvan pastoral of central Dorset, imbued with a pagan delight in the beauty and the 
bounteousness of nature, the human figures appearing, as it were, part and parcel of the 
landscape. A love-tale of the conventional kind holds the foremost place ; but the under- 
plot is lofty and austere tragedy, an idyll of unrequited love, of which the two protagonists 
are, in all their homeliness and simplicity, as majestic as the figures of .^Eschylus, while 
the nature- worship and the pagan sentiment recall Theocritus. Richer, perhaps, than 
any other of his novels in poetical description of the country. 

Wessex Tales. 1888 

Stories of medium length, some comic but the majority austere. The Three Strangers, which 
won exceedingly high praise from Louis Stevenson, is a one-act drama, the surprising 
dinouement of which is a piece of sardonic humour; The Withered Arm, a gruesome tale 
of the supernatural ; Interlopers at the Knap and Fellow-Townsmen, fatalistic stories of 
mistaken marriages, good specimens of those tales in which everything goes awry; The 
Distracted Preacher, a love-story of a smuggling parish seventy years ago. 

A Group of Noble Dames. 1891 

Ostensibly legends of Dorsetshire historic families, collected and related by the members of 
a field club. Chiefly tragi-comedies of wedlock and rather free in treatment ; as grim 
and sardonic as anything he has written. 

Tess of the D'Urbervilles : a Pure Woman Faithfully Presented. 1891 

The tragic history of a woman betrayed. Tess is the completer portrait of the ideal woman 
sketched in the previous novels, a daughter of the primeval soil of Wessex, and at the same 
time a tragic symbol of the author's fatalism. The title is a challenge : Tess, the author 
contends, is sinned against, but not a sinner ; her tragedy is the work of tyrannical cir- 
cumstances and the evil deeds of others in the past and the present. This theme is worked 
out with austere simplicity, a group of figures representing the chief elements of rustic 
society being used with admirable art to enhance the central significance of Tess. The 
pastoral surroundings, the varying aspects of field, river, sky, serve to deepen the pathos 
of each stage in the heroine's calamities, or to add beauty and dignity to her tragic per- 
sonality. 

■ Life's Little Ironies. 1894 

Brief stories containing the quintessence of the author's fatalism, with a series of broadly 
comic stories appended as a sort of antidote. 



— Jude the Obscure. 1895 

Mr. Hardy's rebellious views of life and religion, and leanings towards naturalistic methods, 
are given full play in this story of a peasant scholar's foiled ambition, which from begin- 
ning to end is sombre and in many of the incidents extremely painful. The influence 
of character upon character, here an influence entirely for evil, is the argument implied in 
Jude's conjugal history, with its repeated alternations of divorce and reconciliation. 
The end is the extinction of pure and lofty ideals by the hideous brutality of existence, 
an end in which Jude's suicide is not the most tragic incident. 

124 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Hardy, Thomas (continued). — The Well-Beloved : a Sketch of a Temperament. 

1897 

A fantastic jeu d'esprit about an artist in pursuit of his ideal woman. He sees his vision 
embodied successively in three generations, and last of all woos the granddaughter of his 
first love. Portland is the principal scene, but there is less local colour than usual. 

[Each 3s. 6d., Pocket Edn., 2s. 6d. n., Macmillan (each $1.50, Harper, New York).] 

Hartley (Mrs. May) [" May Laffan "]. Hogan, M.P. 1876 

A discursive and garrulous novel of Catholic society in Dublin and the country, disclosing the 
social currents that underlie political movements. Hogan is a struggling barrister, am- 
bitious and energetic, but not particularly scrupulous. He gets into Parliament in an 
underhand way, runs a brief course of prosperity, then fails ignominiously. Characters 
numerous and representative, but few appeal to the sympathies ; yet their social man- 
oeuvres, petty intrigues, ambitions, gossip and scandal are often diverting. The writer's 
object is to show up the permanent effects of the wrong methods of education pursued by 
the Roman Catholics. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 

Christy Carew. 1880 

Irish people and Irish society, the secular rivalry of the churches, the problem of mixed mar- 
riages and the social disabilities of Roman Catholics, studied and criticized with some 
anti-CathcJic bias. [2s., Macmillan.] 

Ismay's Children. 1887 

A conscientious study of many classes of Irish people from the point of view of the " quality " ; 
the scene laid amid the squalid and mournful wilds of County Cork, in the times of Fenian 
activities and midnight drillings. [2s., Macmillan.] 

Hatton, Joseph [1840-1907]. By Order of the Czar : the Tragic Story of Anna 
Klopstock, Queen of the Ghetto. 1890 

a sensational novel ; prohibited in Russia for its bold handling of the persecution of the 
Jews. [2S. 6d., Hutchinson.] 

Henty, George Alfred [1832-1902]. The Young Franc-Tireurs, and their Adventures 
in the Franco-German War. [juvenile] 1871 

Henty had served as war correspondent, and went through the siege of Paris. He wrote an 
enormous number of serial stories for boys, healthily exciting, patriotic, and instructive ; 
very popular, and very much of a muchness in character and quality. [3s. 6d., Griffith & 
Farran; $1, Dutton, New York.] 

The Young Buglers : a Tale of the Peninsular War. [juvenile] 1879 

[3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran ; $1, Burt, New York.] 

In Times of Peril : a Tale of India. [juvenile] 1881 



The Mutiny. [5s., Griffith & Farran; $1, Burt, New York.] 
— A Cornet of Horse : a Tale of Marlborough's Wars. [juvenile] 188] 



[5s., Blackie ; $1, Scribner, New York; %i n., Burt, New York.] 

— Winning His Spurs. [juvenile] 1882 
England, Palestine, and the Continent during the Third Crusade (i 190-4). [2s. 6d., Low.] 

— Under Drake's Flag : a Tale of the Spanish Main. [juvenile] 1882 



(1572-88.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— By Sheer Pluck. [juvenile] 1883 

A tale of the Ashanti War (1873-4). [5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York; %i, Burt, New 
York.] 

— Friends though Divided : a Tale of the Civil War. [juvenile] 1883 
England, Scotland, and Ireland (1642-60). [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran; §1, Burt, New York.] 

125 



ENGLISH FICTION 

Henty, George Alfred (continued). — Jack Archer : a Tale of the Crimea. 

[juvenile] 1883 

Adventures in the Crimean War (1854-5). [2s. 6d., Low ; $1, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, 
New York.] 

With Clive in India ; or, The Beginnings of an Empire. [juvenile] 1883 



(1751-7.) [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— St. George for England : a Tale of Cressy and Poitiers. [juvenile] 1884 

The Hundred Years' War (1330-67). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, 
New York.] 

— In Freedom's Cause : a Story of Wallace and Bruce. [juvenile] 1884 
(1293-1315.) [6s., Blackie; §1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— The Young Colonists. [juvenile] 1884 
A story of the Zulu and Boer Wars (1877-9). [3s. 6d., Blackie ; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— True to the Old Flag : a Tale of the American War of Independence. 

[juvenile] 1884 
[6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— Through the Fray : a Tale of the Luddite Riots. [juvenile] 1885 



(1811-3.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 
— The Dragon and the Raven ; or. The Days of King Alfred, [juvenile] 1885 



(870-8). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $2, Scribner, New York.] 

— For Name and Fame ; or. Through Afghan Passes. [juvenile] 1885 

Afghan War (1877-8). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 



— The Lion of the North : a Tale of the Times of Gustavus Adolphus. 

[juvenile] 1885 

The Thirty Years' War and the Scots with Gustavus Adolphus (1630-4). [3s. 6d., Blackie; 
$2, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— With Wolfe in Canada ; or, The Winning of a Continent. [juvenile] 1886 



(1755-9-) [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— The Bravest of the Brave ; or. With Peterborough in Spain, [juvenile] 1886 

Reign of Queen Anne; campaign of the gallant Earl of Peterborough (1705-6). [5s., Blackie; 
$1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— The Young Carthaginian ; or, A Struggle for Empire. [juvenile] 1886 

A story of Hannibal (221-16 B.C.). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $2, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, 
New York.] 

— Bonnie Prince Charlie : a Tale of Fontenoy and Culloden. [juvenile] 1887 
(1728-46.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— In the Reign of Terror : the Adventures of a Westminster Boy. 

[juvenile] 1887 
[5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] 

— Orange and Green : a Tale of the Boyne and Limerick. [juvenile] 1887 

(1689-91.) Adventures of a Protestant and a Catholic boy ; battles of the Boyne and Aughrim, 
and sieges of Athlone, Cork, and Limerick. [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; 
$1, Burt, New York.] 



NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 

Henty, George Alfred (continued). — The Cat of Bubastes : a Tale of Ancient 
Egypt. [juvenile] 1888 

Thothmes III, time of Moses (c. 1600 B.C.). [3s. 6d., Blackie ; $2, Scribner, New York; 
$1. Burt, New York.] 

The Lion of St. Mark : a Tale of Venice. [juvenile] 1888 

Wars of Venice (late 14th cent.). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50. Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, 
New York.] 



— By Pike and Dyke : a Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic, [juvenile] 1889 

The sieges of Haarlem, Leyden,