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MN01 050.05
V
/
Bicaise
)
guide to the land
Charleston
Parry, Cooke
1878
Bibliographic Record Target
SOL MNO \050-C^ ' PSm\
F917.59 Bicjtise, H. D.
3583 A guide to the land of flowers .♦. with a
tour through Florida by Wniiam A. pringle.
Charleston, S, C., Parry, Cook k co., 1878.
lS2p. illufi. :-- c^
U72iili E. Morrill 2-26-58 7.50
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The Unique Shop
H, F. MONAHAN
273 Tremont St.
Boston, Mass.
Ji. a-XJI3DE
TO THE
Land of Flowers,
BY H. D. BICAISE,
WITH A
TOUR THROUGH FLORIDA,
BY WM. A. PRINGLE.
NOVEMBER i, 1878.
CHARLESTON, S. C.
PARRY, COOKE & CO., PRINTERS.
1878.
., , . .
FLORIDA STATE LIBftA^Y
f (^i : r~i ^— C7
I
INDEX.
CHARLESTON, S. C
Reminiscences of the Past...~ 8
Present Condition of Affairs. 9
A Glance at the City 9
Public Buildinf2:s K)
The Battery 12
Buildings Destroyed by Fire. 14
Mills, Manufactories, etc 15
Churches ig
The Citadel is
Cotton Presses 19
Banks 19
Items of General Interest 19
SAVANNAH, GA
The School System 19
Cemeteries 20
The Harbor— Fort Sumter. ... 20
Moultrieville 22
Fort Moultrie 22
Morris Island 24
The Phosphates 25
Newspapers 28
Hotels and Boarding Houses. 29
Home Enterprises, etc 30
Steamship Lines 32
Street Railway, etc 32
Fort Pulaski 45
Reminiscences 45
Present Condition 47
Churches 47
Monuments 43
Forsyth Park "„ 49
Waterworks 49
Cemeteries 50
PASCUA FLORIDA
DeNarvaez 52
Fernando de Soto 62
The Huguenots 62
45
Pubhc Buildings and Banks. 50
Suburban Resorts 50
Hotels and Boarding Houses. 51
Business Houses 52
Nursery Gardens 53
Rice Mill 53
Railroad Lines to Florida...... 53
Newspapers., 53
FERNANDINA, FLORIDA.
Grave of Gen. Henry Lee
Business Resources
.. 61
. G3
64
General Observations, etc 65
Climate, Agriculture, etc.
Price of Land
66
66
JACKSON \ I LLE, FLORIDA....
The City and Streets 67
T?nvni..^^ K"sources 68
ijn]j]-cAi-iiiciits ' 68
Yacht and Club House .".'.' 68
Churches, etc 59
TOVR THIiOUGH ILOKIIJA..
Mandarin
H il'ernia .".*.'.".'.*.
Magnolia .."'
The City
Dungeness.
New8]Ki]j(Ts
Suburban Resorts.
Business Houses....
Hotels
Boarding Houses .,
66
6a
66
67
69
69
70
:i
71
85
88
88
88
^T. AUGUSTINK
Green Cove Spri ngs 89
Picolata * qq
Tocoi ^u
streets and City Goveriim, -la 92
i'"rr ;iii.l s,-;i Wall
Cal!iM,l,-;,l ...
^'i^v (rat.......
Bar^ack.^ ..".
Hospital and CenietJ
90
rk.'t
-'ii-'^tuution.
eery.
93
95
95
96
96
96
96
Public JiiiildinLT^ 9^
Hotels and Boarding Houses! 9S
oniir.li- ^ and Convents 99
Coiif,Ml<Tat»- ^Fonument 99
C hantal.I.' I nsTitutions 100
Ihf^ HaThiii;,' iiouse lOQ
NewspajHiv "jQQ
A Raiiifil- Tlirougli t'he'city.llOO
I
47244
INDEX.
TOCOI
Federal Point -l??
Orange Mills-
105
105
Whitestone's Landinj? .105
Russeirs Landing. lOo
PALATKA
Streets and Public Buildings. 106 i
Churches • ^^^ i
Hotels and Boarding Houses. 108 ]
The Park and Streets .110 |
New Town H^ 1
Steamboats.. H*^ 1
LAKES CRESCENT AND COMO,
Lake Crescent 12-
Lake Como J22
Crescent City 1^4
THE UPPER ST. JOHN'S
105
Saw Mill |13
Amusements. H'*
Places of Interej^t 114
Fishing CJrounds 114
The Outskirts of Palatka 114
Real Estate 115
AND CRESCENT CITY... 122
Lake Stella 124
Florida Fruit Grower. 125
The Hawk Creek Country,etc.l25
,126
Murfrees' Island... 127
Buffalo Bluff 127
Horse Landing 12/
Nashua Landing 128
Welaca 128
Little Lake George 128
Mount Royal 1-9
Fruitlands. 129
Fort Gates. 129
Lake George 129
Dravton Ishuid 129
Hog Island 1;^0
Main Shore of the Lake 130
Lake George Landing .130
Georgetown 130
Lake View 131
Volusia 131
Manhattan 131
Orange Bluff 131
Lake Dexter 132
Alexander Spring Creek 132
St. Francis 133
Lake Beresford .133
Beresford 133
Orange City 134
Wekiva River 134
Lake Munroe 134
Sanford 135
Mellon ville 135
Orange CJ roves • 136
Fort Reid. 136
Enterprise 136
Green Spring 136
Indian River 136
New Smyrna 13'*'
Haulover Canal 138
THE OKLAWAHA RIVER
Davenport Landing 139
Fort Brooke Landing 140
Orange Springs 140
lola 140
Eureka 140
Sunday Bluff 141
Palmetto Landing 141
Long's Landing 141
Silver Springs Run 142
Silver Springs, the Fountain
of Youth 143
Ladies' Parlor 143
Silver Springs Settlement 143
Ocala 143
Marion County 144
Lake Ware 145
Moss Bluff 145
Stark Landing 145
Slighville 145
.238
Lake Griffin If^
Lake Griffin Landing 146
Leesburg • 146
Orange Bend J46
Haines' Creek 14'
Lovell's Landing 147
Lake Eustis 147
Fort Mason 147
St. John's, Lake Eustis and
Gulf Railroad 147
Pendrvville 147
Dead River and Lake Harris. 148
Yalaha 148
C)pahumkee Creek 149
Blue Spring 149
Lake Dunham 149
Opahumkee 149
Palatkaha 149
Appendix 151
INTRODUCTION.
^^
The object of this work is clearly indicated by the title.
It is truly intended as a rode mecuni, and a guide for
those on their way to the '-Land of Flowers." As the
aim of the editors throughout has been to avoid confu-
sion, they concluded to give their attention solely to lo-
calities and matters of special and general importance.
All places herein described have been visited by the
editors in person, and the statements may be relied upon
ns authentic up to the time the notes were taken. The
principal route being along the line of the Charl'eston,
Savannah, and Florida steamers, the book opens with a
description of the old historic City by the Sea, followed
by detailed accounts of all items of interest incidental to
those points touched by the steamers, viz : Savannah,
Fernandina. Jacksonville, St. Augustine (by way of
Tocoi), Palatka and the minor stations. The St. John's
and Oclawaha Rivers are then followed until the head of
navigation is reached.
It will be seen that the present work differs from
others, l>earing a similar title, inasmuch as the descrip-
tive statements arejendered at length, while everything
deemed non-essential and calculated to bore the reader]
has been carefully eliminated.
The information given regarding the various hotels
and boarding houses is furnished witli the view of reliev-
ing tourists and travelers from the annovance of hack-
men and ''runners," who infest the different landings, as
a selection can be made long before the place of destina
tion is reached.
That portion of the work devoted to the climate, health-
fidness, agricultural resources, and especially to the
orange culture, has been carefully arranged, and may be
i-egarded as impartial and correct as far as it is possible
to ascertain from observation and information.
fi
INTRODUCTION.
The editors are not unmindful of the fact that in a work
of this kind there is room for vast improvement, but in
justice to themselves, the publishers, and to those who
have kindly patronized the enterprise, they deem it nec-
essary to state that neither pains nor expense have been
spared to bring it to a standard not yet reached by any
of the Guide Books to Florida now extant.
With these preliminary observations, and craving in-
dulgence for wdiatever imperfections may appear,
the work is respectfully submitted to the favor of those
whom it may interest and profit.
(^
CHARLESTON'S. C.
As ^he State of South Carolina once formed a portion
of that territory claimed by the Spaniards, under the
name of Florida, the sketch will open with a description
of the City of Charleston and those portions of the coast
first visited by the early discoverers and settlers of the
New World.
In the year 15^30, Lucas Yasquez de Ay Hon, a Spaniard,
equipped with two ships, sailed from the harbor of La
Plata, and landed in South Carolina at the mouth of the
present Combahee River. His mission was for the pur-
pose of kidnapping the natives, to sell them as slaves for
the Spanish mines. Prompted by motives of curiosity,
the unsuspecting and friendly savages were induced to
visit the ships : but no sooner was the number desired
fairly on board than the anchors were weighed ; and, to
quote the language of history, ''husbands were torn
from their wives, and children from their parents ; and
Avhere before nothing but peace prevailed, the seeds for
future wars w^ere now lavishly scattered." Wliile at-
tempting to make port at St. Domingo, one of the ships,
with all on board. \vns lost at sea ; and man}' of the
captives upon the other pined away and died.
About twelve years after this, a portion of South Caro-
lina was traversed by the famous Fernando de Soto in
his search for gold; but the first settlement in Carolina,
and upon the American coast, was made by the Hugue-
nots, under Jean Ribault, in the year 15(>"-2. After a cir-
cuitous passage. Ribault landed a few leagues south of
the present town of St. Augustine, in Florida, and then
sailing in a northern direction reached the mouth of a
river on the Carolina coast, which, from the "' fairness
and largeness of its harbor," he called the Port Royal
River. Upon an island a few^ miles up the river, Ribault
planted a colony of twenty-five men. and erected a fort,
which, in honor of Charles IX of France, he called Arx
Carolina. It is the prevailing opinion that from this cir-
cumstance the country first received the name of Caro-
lina. After much suffering from hunger and sickness,
the survivors of this colony returned to France in great
distress.
8 A guidp: to
In the year Kirn, an English colonv. under Governor
William Seyle, effected a settlement at Port Roval. but
finding that the west banks of the Ashlev River aff'orde<l
better "pasture and tillage." they renuived to a site a
short distance from its mouth, during the year following.
Here the colonists soon discovered that thev labore(i
under a new difficulty. Ships of large burden Vould not
conveniently reach them, which greatly retarded com-
merce. In consequence of this, in the year 1071), the
people, under the government of Colonel West, removed
to "Oyster Point," at the ccmfiuence of the Cooper and
Ashley Rivers, and in the sul)se(]uent year the foundation
of old Charles-town was laid. By an Act of the Legisla-
ture it was incorporated in 1783, and called the City of
Charleston.
From that time to the dawn of the late civil war,
Charleston continued to flourish, and became the wealth-
iest and most important of the cities on the Atlantic
coast south of Baltimore.
As it stands at present. Charleston is about three miles
in length, ranging from south to north, commencing
at the Battery and ending at tlie Forks of the Road.
In width it extends from river to river, and varies from
two niiles to less than a mile in some places.
^ With Charleston commences the low, fiat lands of the
State, which ascend as you travel westward, until an
elevation of near 3,000 feet is reached. The climate is a
medium between the tropical and cold temperate latitude,
and corresponds with that of middle Asia, China, Italy,
and the South of France,
REMINISCENC'ES OF THE PAST.
Up to the period of the Revolution of 1770, nearlv a cen-
tury had passed away since the settlement of Charles-
town. Its trade and commerce had reached a standai-d
which could compete with that of any of the cities along
the coast. From various sections of Europe multitudes
or husbandmen, laborers and manufacturers crossed the
Atlantic, many of them taking up their abode in the vicini-
ty of Charleston. The principal buildings and the thickly
populated portion of the city, extended from the Battery
to Market street, while Calhoun street (then Boundary)
formed the limit. A few of the colonial edifices, of wdiich
we shall hereafter speak, still remain to be seen. In the
cellars of some of these places the tea taxed bv the Bri-
tish government was stored away to prevent' its sale,
wOiile more secure apartments contained the gunpowder
and small arms taken from the State House Armorv by
authority of the Provincial Congress of South Carolina,
TH E LAND OF FLOWERS.
9
held 111 Charleston, April ;^lst. 1775. Among the inci-
dents of later life, Charleston is noted as having been
the birth-place of the Southern Confederacv and the
scene of many of those stirring conflicts wdiieh marked
that em, known as the " War between the States.^' The
great fire of 1 SGI destroyed a large portion of that terri-
tory, extending from east to west, south of Calhoun
street: and this, together with the ravages of war the
mi itarv despotism, and the reign of corru])tion which
followed, left the city in an impoverished and almost
hopeless condition.
PRESENT CONDITION OF AFFAIRS. " ^
Notwithstanding the trials and difficulties of the past
Charleston under the present Democratic administra-
tion, is fast recovering herself, and will continue to pro-
gress according to the energy and disposition of her peo-
ple, who to their credit, may it be said, have proved
themselves equal to every emergencv. Being the chief
commc^rcial metropolis of the State, the citv is thorough-
ly connected w.tli the interior by means of Vailwav lines
and receives for shii)ment the greater portion of the rice
aiK cotton crops together with other commodities raised
and cultivated for export. Although there has been a
; 11 .1^' 'f ''^ ^'l^ country trade daring the past f(^w vears
still the favorable reports which of late have been and
are daily being received by the merchants from their
agens. indicate an early revival of business in the mer-
(•antile line The price-lists are very much the same as
those of Baltimore or New York, and goods can be trans-
ported to every part of the State within twentv f^ ur
hours after being ordered. '
A (t LANCE AT THE CITY.
Charleston, like most other places of the kind, has its
q Ota of steeples, cupolas etc., which can be seen ^c m
afar, towering over the clustering houses and tree tons
m nTf ^^ together, and forming a city the bealltv of wh^
ust be pidged from observation. Although a maiority
wonM '^'''^^%f'^- "^''^^^- ^"^1' ^^^^ their irreguliritv
would convey the imi)ression that the citv was planned
tir Imf' IT' nJ.e^ ''r'' "^'i^ ^''''''^}^ in a good' c'rhl
non and at present well attended to. The nrin-
ire Fn.t r^''^.';^^f^' 7."^'"^^ ^^^^"^ ^^"th to north,
are East Bay. Meetmg, King and Rutledge streets- those
l^r(Md. ()u king street are found the retail drve-oods and
tancy stores, where most of the shopping is dre; ^he
(-8.M..) Can yon rerrint Father Prout's ex-
quMre poem. •■The B- Is of Shandou," ar.,1
' onfer a favor on
SkVKUAL TkAN^< KU'l IlKADEn? ?
followinjf irt th*
if'jn chI led for
A GUIDE TO
U ilh (iv'^ep a!Tf^rtii)U aud recolleotion
I <'iten thir.k of th^-'se ShHiidon bell«,
\s i;. -> '.. nna-* ^- wild wMtiM hi d.iys uf childhood lioe, crockerv. clotliinu", driiij and
Fillip PMund mv rradle thpir magic spells. ^ ...i i ' • I^ rSc 4.
Onthjslpoudoi where er J wander, jiio' ^P t'^^' UUSllieh+S pOrtlOll ot Meet-
A';f,.'lv': r'-' ^'^fVJT^\?/^."' f^^®' H i^alt^ groceries are stretched along
» itu ai> bc.b V . ."?li.iiid<in, that sounil ^o grand i. ^ri ± -rt it n*
ou troni Market to Broad: the oinces
The pleasant water, of ther.vorI.ee. ^-^^^^ merchants line thcwharveS,
TZ^^^^::^:^c^^^.u^i^Z'' '"'"" ^°' ^^ers, brokers and journalists eon-
While at a ^\\\^ rate brass t.m^^uert wiuld vibrate; 5road Street.
But all their lun^ie -^ndke iiautcht like thine. • xi a1 ^ l a1 ^ 4.
For n.eniorvdueiiiri nil earh proud swelling; are HI the nortlicm and nortlicast-
of thy beitrv kmiiin^^ its bold notes free. " y, arc substantiall V and luindsonie-
Made the i'tdis of hhandjii scuiul l.tr more
grand on
The plea!*aiit water*
l^ha rub.! II
it th»' river i.ee.
ir.
•onsi<lerable s])ace of <2:rouiid. The
Carolina Railroad connnence with
it Line street, and extend to Hud-
)Ut a half mile. The Northeastern
at the corner of Washin^^^ton and
ssenger depot being on Washington
Since
I 've heard t'e:!« t' ilinr iju ■• A Irian'fi Molt-
Their thunder r-biui^ from t;,.' \ ,ii: ui,
Atid rvnit-als iri> ii^u.'^ swi:;:_'U)l: uornarhj'.;-'
In the poiireouh rwrrc;.-; ni SUtrt- 1 lame,
but thy ■rounds wnn- -wf it i tium the dome of '^"- >^"^ wiix^i •■>'* •■ ii...i .nji, >
I'tter
Flinp> o ei the Til <i, pealing poiennilv, i ^ v ^ / n i j. 4.
Oh: the If INof Sii<tnduu souii 1 tar iiiMre -laiid on lit (lopot Oil L lUlpCM Street
Theplea^ant watt., of thenvtr l.e ^ AslllcV RiveT Road, the trainS of
w. vvhiie Irum
There is a bell m Mo
klo>ki ',
In j^t. ftcphi.i tb.e 'rurki:..ui
And luud ;n air .-aiS iii'm; t
Fioni tb.e taii»'r!i,_; simoo. •
iSuebeUiptv piiaul.'ii. 1 li-
}'u t t i.ei t 1- .11, ai:t;.i m 1:..
'T is tho i c:N of i^tKiiKi. 1:
The p'.ea.'-an'. waters i,t t:.e
tower and arlestoii Railroad Company arrive
_^pot.
UdC BUILJ)I^'(TS.
pr.iver
- 'd' tall nunarets;
•ly j^rant them,
!:a;'l;:i„M":V;randon l>nildings of Charleston noted for
1 IV t-r Loe.J
« •
importance, none perha])s are more
lan tliose forming the four corners
(2887.) Caii at y one give me the old song " streets.
. ; building, situated at th(^ nortlnvest
O'lahSc)' ^mr *^ ^*^ itself, with doors opening <>n
So
est. It is a three-storv brick builds
clumsy in ap})earance. but its walls
-. resounded with the imptissioned
/s most gifted orators. It was orL-
giiictiij^ iiic kjictte AX. .use of South Carolina.
City Hall. — This building is situated on the nortlu^ast
corner, has a fint^ park attaclied, and is rather to be ad-
mired for its massive appearance than for architectural
beauty. The apartments inside are spacious, airy, and
used for various purposes. The Council Chamber, Mayor's
room, Clerk's and City Engineer's offices, are to be found
upon the second story. The first floor contains the City
Court room. City Assessor's and City Treasurer's offices,
while the basement is used b}- tlie Detective force for an
office and temporary prison.
At the other end of the park, corner of Chalmers street,
is the Fireproof Biildinc;. This place, with its thick
walls, stone floors, iron shutters and winding stairs, pre-
sents a dungeon-like api)earance. and was built as a re-
pository for important papers and records. Th^ County
Treasurer, Probate Judge, and County School Connnis-
sioners have their offices here.
THK LA^'1) OF FLOWEHS.
St. :\ri. hael's Chl'rch.— Opposite the City Hall, on
the southeast corner, stands this famous ante-revolution-
arv chinv-li edifice. We remember the beautiful words
of poeti-v.
The bells of Sliaiid .11.
That sonnd so o^rand on '
The siiiiHii^' waters ol the Rivni- Lee,"''
But there is no grander or more ins])iritiiig sound to the
true Charlesioiiian than the musical chimes of old St.
Michael's bells. He remembers them from earlv cliild-
hood, waking him before the dawn of day. and tlirilling
his very soul with a wild, inexprwsible delight. He has
heard his father and grandfather tell how thev rliymed
and cliimed as they rang out the glad tidings of victory,
and they are doubly endeared to him from associations
of the past and as the veteran survivors of two wars.
When Charles-town was captured by the Britisli. they
were taken to London and" sold, but afterwards returned
by the purchasers: and during the last civil war were so
badly injured by the burning of Columbia, S. C, where
they had been sent foi'safe keeping, as to make recastincr
necessary. They were shipped to England in the early
l)art of 18(10 by Jas. R. Pringle. The cost of recasting,
i'e]»airing belfry, etc., amounted to S7,(M)U.
The steeple of St. Michael's is noted for its arcliitectural
proportions, and is one hundred and sixty-eight feet higli.
From the piazza, which encompasses the stee])le. an ex-
Ci'llent view <^f the city and harbor can be obtained. The
])ody of the Church is rather jilain in appearance, but
neat and roomy, with lofty ceilings and comfortable
pews. The worsliippers are of the Episcopal persuasion,
and are composed of the eJife of the city.
The brown rough-cast building on the southwest corner,
with colonade in front, is the Main Stationhouse.
FosTOFFicE.— Continuing down Broad street to the Bay,
we come directly to tlie Postoffice. which, although much
improved, was liuilt prior to the Revolution of "ro bv the
British and used as a Customliouse. It is also noted as
having been the prison from which the celebrated Ameri-
can patriot Hayne was led to execution; and. previous to
the capture of Charles-town, the Provincial Congress of
South Carolina assembled beneath its roof.
< )pposite to the Postoffice, on the southwest corner, is
tlie large banking house of Geo. W. Williams, and on the
iiorthwest corner the meetings of the Chamber of Com-
merce are held.
Xew Customhouse.— This beautiful structure, built
entirely of marble, but yet unfinished, is situated at the
10
A GUIDE TO
wholesale boot and shoe, crockery, clothing-, drug and
dry goods lious^-s make up the business portion ot Meet-
mr street: the wholesale groceries are stretched ahnig
be^h sides of East Bay from Market to Broad: tlie ofhces
of factors and conmiission merchants line tlie wliarves,
while the lawvers, bankers, brokers and journalists con-
duct the business of Broad street.
The railroad depots are in the northern and northeast-
ern portions of the city, are substantially and handsome-
Iv built and cover a considc^'able spare of ground, ine
luiildinos of the South Carolina Railroad commence wit i
the passenger depot at Line street, and c'xtend to Hucl-
son, a distance of" about a half mile. The Northeastern
depots form an angle at the corner of A\ ash ington and
Chapel streets: the passenger (le])ot being on W ashington
street, and the freight depot on Chapel s^tivet bmvv
the completion of the Ashley River Road, the trains ot
the Savannah and Charleston Railroad Company arrive
and leave from this depot.
prHT.ir BUILDINGS.
Amono- the public buildings of Charleston noted for
their usf^fulness and importance, none perha])s are more
worthv of mention than those forming the four corners
of Broad and Meeting streets. xi ,.+
Courthouse —This building, situated nt the northwest
corner, forms a sepiare in itself, with doors opening on
the south, (vast and west. It is a tliree-story brick build-
ing rather dark and clumsy in api)earance, but its walls
have time and again resounded with the impassioned
eloquence of Carolina's most gifted orators. It was ori.-
ginallv the State House of South Carolina.
CiTV H\LL.— This building is situated on the northeast
corner, has a fine park attached, and is rather to be ad-
mired for its massive appearance than tor architectura
beaut V The apartments inside are spacious, airy, and
used for various purposes. The Council Chamber. Mayor s
room. Clerk's and City Engineer's offices, are to be found
upon the second storv. The first floor contains the City
Court room. City Assessor's and (Mty Treasurer s offices,
while the basement is used by the Detective force tor an
office and temporary prison.
At the other end of the park, corner of dialmers street,
is the Fireproof Buildinc^. This place with its thick
walls, stone floors, iron shutters and winding stairs, pre-
sents a dungeon-like appearance and was built as a re-
pository for important papers and records, i^/^^,^;^^^^^^^^^
Treasurer. Prol)ate Judge, and County School Commis-
sioners have their offices here.
THK LAND OF FLOWERS.
St. .Mi.hael's Chlrch.— ()i)posite the City Hall, on
the soutlieast corner, stands this famous ante-revolution-
ary cliur-*li edifice. We remember the beautiful words
of poetrv,
•'Tlie bells of Sliaiu! -ii
'^riiat sound so jj^raiid on
The smiling waters of the Riv(-i' Lee.""
But there is n<» gi-ander or more inspiriting sound to the
true Cliarlesiohij'M than the musical chimes i)f old St.
^lichaers bells. He remembers them from early child-
hood, waking him before the dawn of day. and thrilling
his ver\^ soul with a wild, inexprc^f^sible delight. He has
heard liis father and grandfather tell how they rliymed
and chimed as they rang out the glad tidings of victory,
and they are doubly endeared to him from associations
of the past and as the veteran survivors of two wars.
When Charles-town was captured by the British, they
were taken to London and sold, but afterwards returned
i)y the purchasers: and during the last civil war were so
badly injured by the burning of Columbia. S. C, wiiere
tliey had been sent for safe keeping, as to make recasting
necessary. They wx^re shipped to England in the early
part of 18(10 by Jas. R. Pringle. The cost of recasting,
ie]»airing l^elfry. etc.. amounted to 87.000.
The steeple of St. Michael's is noted for its architectural
])!( (portions, and is one hundred and sixty-eight feet high.
From the piazza, wiiich encompasses the stee])le. an ex-
cellent view of the city and harbor can be obtained. The
body of the Church is rather })lain in appearance, but
n(^at and roomy, with lofty ceilings and comfortable
pews. The worshippers are of the Episcopal persuasion,
and are composed of the elite of the city.
The brown rough-cast building on the southwest corner,
with colonade in front, is the Main Stationhouse.
PosTOFFicE. — Continuing down Broad street to the Bay,
we come directh^ to the Postoffice. which, although much
improved, was built prior to the Revolution of '70 by the
British and used as a Customhouse. It is also noted as
having been the prison from which the celebrated Ameri-
can patriot Hayne was led to execution: and, previous to
the capture of Charles-town, the Provincial Congress of
South Carolina assembled beneath its roof.
Opposite to the Postoffice. on tlie southwest corner, is
the large banking house of Geo. W. Williams, and on the
noi-thwest corner the meetings of the Chamber of Com-
merce are held.
Xew Customhouse.— This beautiful structure, built
♦'utirely of marble, but yet unfinished, is situated at the
-f
A GUIDE TO
Miner of P2ast Bay and Market streets. Its cost for com-
pletion is estimated at two million dollars, but when this
will be accomplished no man knoweth.
The Market. — Crossing from the Customhouse we
come to the Market, which extends from the Bay to
Meeting street. It is said to be the largest in the South,
and shows to advantage on Saturday evenings, when it is
brilliantly illuminated.
St. Philip's Church. — No tourist who stops at Charles-
ton should fail to visit St. Philip's, situated on Church
street, between Queen and Cundjerland. The original
building was destroyed by fire in is;u, which necessitat-
ed the erection of the present handsome edihce. The
••Old Church" was often attended by Mcndtrie and dis-
tinguished persons of Revolutionary fame: and the grave-
yards, which occupy considerable ground space on botli
sides of the street, contain the remains (»f some of the
oldest families of Chai-leston. Near the centre of the
grave-yard, on the west side of the street, is the tomb of
John C. Calhoun.
Towards the west end of Queen street, in the vicinity
of Mazvck and Franklin streets, we find the Medical Col-
lege and Roper Hospital. The latter is a spacious, hand-
some, and thoroughly ventilated building, with fine gar-
dens and walks in the front and rear, and takes its name
from a worthy philanthropist who contril)Uted generously
towards its erection.
Passing through Mazyck street to Magazine, we come
in full view of the City Hospital, Marine Hospital, and
County Jail, all of them staunch buildings and well
adapted to the purposes for which they are used.
THE BATTERY.
By walking down King street, or by taking the cars of
the City Railway on Meeting street, we can be landed in
the space of a few minutes at the Battery, or as it is
otherwise called. White Point Garden. This, in the
spring and sununer time is the most inviting resort in the
city, and in point of attractiveness is not surpassed by
any place of the kind in the South. That portion south
of'^South Bay street is beautifully laid out in squares,
divided by hard shell walks, carefully shaded with trees
and bordered with benches; a strong stone side wall pro-
tects it on the east side, forming a wide smooth prome-
nade for several hundred yards. A short distance from
the south wall, connected by a bridge, stands the Bathing
House. The square facing Church street contains the
Jas]Mi' Alonument, erected by the Palmetto Guard as a
iribute to the defenders of Fort Moultrie, June 28, 1776.
\
THE LAND OF FLuWtR.->.
13
The monument is made of South Carolina granite, highly
polished with die block and bass-relief, and is surmounted
with a life-size bronze statue, representing a Continental
soldier with a sponge-staff— to which is attached a flag-
in the left hand, while the right is pointing in the direc-
tion of the channel. It also contains the following in-
scriptions and engravings:
North side— Second S. C. Regiment, Army of the Revo-
lution, organized June 17, 1775. Seal of the City of
Charleston. *^
South >^i.le— List of wounded, /Seal of the State of
Carolina. —^
East side— List of the officers in the fori June 28 1778
encircled by a wreath of oak and laurel leaves. 'aIso,
the following inscriptions:
" To the Defenders of Fort Moultrie. June 28, 177(^:"
'' No men ever did and it is impossible for aii\ lu be-
have hQttevr—Muj. Gen. Chas. Lee.
West side— Engraving representing the scene of con-
flict with Jasper restoring the flag to position: also, a list
of the wr.iinded ail.] tin' uords of Jasper. •' Don't let us
fight will) Ml it ri flag. ■
Most of the buildings on East and South Bav are hand-
some brick or stone residences, and conspicuous amontr
them on Meeting street, a few doors north of the Batterv,
IS the elegant and costly mansion of Mr. Geo. W AVil-
liams. This nalatial edifice has only been recently fin-
ished, and is by far the handsomest"^ private dwelli'^no- in
the State.
Among other prominent buildings of note in ilie lower
portion of the city, are the Hibernian Hall, South Caro-
lina 1 1,1 1 1. ^]\\\^ House, and Academy of Music. The
latter is sitii.n.d m the rear portion of Uie large building
corner of Market and King streets, was built since the
war, and i< 'u-Tinmented in beautiful style. It is well
patronized durum i It^^ 'h-amntic season.
Among the ul-i Lulumai residences, two houses still
stand, as near in appearance to their original construction
as time aii<! ihe elements would permit.
(hie. No. 51) Church street, was formerly owned by
Judge Hey ward, and is noted as having been the place
where General Washington was entertained during his
visTt to Charleston in 1791 : the other, No. 24 Meeting.-
street, was the residence of Lord William Campbell, tlie
last Royal Governor of South Carolina.
a
14
A GUIDE TO
BUILDINdS DESTROYED BY FIRE.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
15
The ''great fire" which destroyed nearly a third of
Charleston, in the year 18(U. will long Ix- reniemhered by
those who witnessed the work of destruction. It was a
December evening. The good people of the city had
gathered around the hearth -stone, thinking. ])erhaps, of
the soldier boy chilled by the keen winter wind as he
w-alked his post on tlie beach, or imagined him shivering
and begrimed over the fading embers of some smoulder-
ing cainp-fire. It matters not in what direction their
thoughts had taken flight, their reverie was soon broken
bv a cry which moves the stoughtest hearts. The alarm
of fire was sounded, and in a few moments engines and
i-eels were rattling over the stony streets. Near the
waters edge, in the eastern ])ortion of the city, a heavy
smoke could be seen with its huge bcxiy moving skyward
and bending to the southwest. Little by little, wimt ap-
peared at first to be an impenetrable mass of thickest
gloom, began to change, chameleon-like, until the angry
flames burst their confines and shot high in the air. Al-
though the gallant firemen battled manfully with the
destroving element, only giving way when half scorched
by the intense heat; still their efforts were of little or no
avail. Like the folds of an enoi-mous serpent, the fiery
fiend wound itself through the archways and windows
of adjacent buildings, and tlien darting from street to
street, gaining strength and volume at every bound,
united in a sea of rolling flame, which beneath a scintil-
lant canopv moved along the midnight air. forming a
panorama of appalling beauty. During the long weary
night and day following the work of destruction con-
tinued, leaving a gap of smoking ruins, commencing at
tb'' foot of Hasel stn'ot. and ending at the water's edge,
which marks the southwest boundary of the city.
To sav nothing of the many fine private residences
destroye*d by this conflagration, among the churches and
public' buildings we note
St. Finbar's Cathedral, which w^as one of the hand-
somest churches in the South. The ruins are still to be
seen at the corner of Broad and Friend streets.
Instittte Hall.— This building was situated on :\Ieet-
ing street, east side, a few doors above Queen. In its
spacious hall the Democratic Convention of L^oo was
held, which w^as attended by Caleb Cushing. Benjamin
F. Futl^r. an(l many other prominent men. Th<' Ordi-
nancr of Secession was also signed at this hall.
One door north of where the Institute Hall stooil. are
the ruins of the
Circular Church.— In point of unique attractiveness,
this church surpassed all others in the city. Its richly
ornamented dome, handsome colonade and circular form,
were gracefully proportioned and much admired.
Old Theatre.— This popular resort was situated on the
west side of Meeting street, near Cumberland, and in
<lays gx)ne by. from the opening of the theatrical season
until tile close, was w^ell patronized.
St. Andrew's Hall.— The ruins of St, Andrew's, on
Broad street, which yet mark the site wiiere it once
stood, bring many recollections back to memorv. Al-
though the ceremony of signing the Ordinance of "^Seces-
sion was performed at the Institute Hall, still the Con-
vention which framed it met at this place. Beneath the
l)r]ll]ant gas jets of Andrew's too. the beautv and the
chivalry of Charleston were wont to meet and while
awav the evening hours in the pleasure of the dance.
J he hall was built by the St. Andrew's Societv. a select
bcotch association still in existence.
UP TOWX.
In the upper district of Charleston, otherwise known
as the "Neck," there are several places well worth visit-
mg, among which are the Charleston College, corner of
George and St. Philip streets, to which is attached one of
the finest museums in the South: Orphan House, on Cal-
houn street, a large building with extensive grounds^
c-ontammg the statue of Pitt; the Arsenal, corner of
Ashley and Bee streets: and over in tlie northeastern
portion the Ahnshouse. Half-moon Battery, and Hamp-
stead Mall. . ^
MILLS, MANUFACTORIES. Etc
There are in Charleston at present six large sash and
l)lind factories, and as many more machire shops repre-
senting a capital of about 8700,000. and giving employment
to between three and four hundred workmen The
Charleston Bagging Factory, situated on John and Hud-
son streets, also gives employment to about seventy-five
persons, the majority of whom are females, and has the
capacity for turning out between three and four thousand
yards of bagging a day.
w^^'^ o^^ i"'^^"" ^'''^ ^^'""^^ "^ number, viz: Chisolm's and
vyest Point on the west river front, and Bennett's Mill
at the toot of Wentworth street, on the east side. The
three mi Is, when m operation, are said to turn out two
thousand and thirty tierces of clean rice a dav.
.— M
16
A GUIDE TO
CHURCHES.
Although among the primitive North American colo-
nies, of a permanent nature, South Carolina is the only
place whicn was not settled by refugees from religious
persecution.* and while by a constitutional right every
man was permitted to worship God in a manner win li lie
in his wisdom and judgment thought most conformable
to the divine will, still dissentions would arise among the
early pioneers, especially between the cnvnlipr< and Pu-
ritans — reviving those prejudices and aiiiiiu)>iues con-
tracted in England, and which neither time nor the dan-
gers and hardships which surrounded them 'ii!! oblite-
rate. In good time, however, the wise measures adopted
by the government restored order out of rlu - .m] tli •
last spark of religious intolerance was extmguisiied tor-
ever. A glance at the Churches herein recorded will
show that whatever mavbe our creed, whatever our sect,
we will find a temple of worship from which oui i>nsons
may arise.
EPISCOPAL.
St. MichaePs Church, corner of Broad an i Meeting
streets: described elsewhere.
St. Luke's, corner of Elizabeth and Charlotte streets ;
large brick building, Gothic style.
St. Paul's, Coming street, between Vanderhorst and
Warren; large brick building, handsomely finished.
Crrace Church. Wentworth street, near St. Philip's
street: ornamental Gothic style.
St. Philip's Church, Church street: described elsewhere.
Holy Communion, corner of Ashley and Cannon streets;
elaborately finished, with large parsonage attached.
St. John's Chapel, corner of Hanover and Amherst
streets.
Christ Chiirch. Rutledge Avenue, beyond Line street.
St. Stephen's Chapel, 4o Anson street, west side.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
Cathedral Chapel, corner of Queen ani i liend streets;
built for the temporary accommodation of St. Finbar's
congregation.
St. Mary's Church, Hasel street, between King and
Meeting: small brick building, with colonade in front.
St. Joseph's, Anson street, near George, built of brick
in the style of a cross.
*Tlie temporary sojourn of the Huguenot colony at Port Royal
cannot be called a settlement.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 17
St. Patrick's, corner Radcliffe and St. Philip's; ordinary
size wooden budding, recessed from the street
St. Peter's, (colored), Wentworth street, two doors west
ot Anson: small plain brick church.
METHODIST.
Trinity M. E. Church, corner of Hasel street and Maid-
en Lane: large and airy, with high ceilings, comforta-
ble pevvs, galleries, basement, etc. The church is con-
structed entirelv of brick, has stone steps running the
^y^dth of the building and enclosed with an iron railfng
i>cthel Church, corner of Pitt and Calhoun: brown
rough-cast brick building, recessed and surrounded by
extensive grounds. The wooden church in the rear was
removed to give place to the present handsome edifice
Si^i II, g street Methodist Church, Spring street; massive
brick building, yet unfinished.
BAPTIST.
Citadel Square Baptist Church, corner of Meeting and
Hrnnetta streets : described elsewhere
1- list Baptist Church, brick church, situated on the
west side of Church street, between Tradd and Water.
LUTHERAN.
St. John's Lutheran, corner of Archdale and Clifford
streets.
Wentworth Street Lutheran, on Wentworth street be-
tween Meeting and Anson: ordinary size and plain,' but
neataip! romtortable.
St. MciLihew'^ King street; described elsewhere.
PRESBYTERIAN.
Glebe Street Church, situated on Glebe street This
church IS modestly but gracefullv constructed, and num-
bers among its congregation some of Charleston's most
important citizens.
Scotch Church, or First Presbyterian, corner of Meet-
in- nil. I Tiadd streets: antique brick building
1^ i^ nil ^ C^hurch or Second Presbyterian, situated in the
rear ot ,, fin^ pnrk at the corner of Charlotte and Meeting
w u'.u i^^iiying ground of this church extends to
i^^lizabeth street, and contains some interesting monu-
Independent (Chapel), built for the accommodation of
the congregation of the Circular Church, which was de-
stroyed by fire, situated in the grave-yard close to the
18
A GUIDE TO
Central (Third Presbyterian) Churcli. spacious brick
buildipg, handsomely finished, with portico in front, situ-
ated on the west side of Meeting street, north of Society.
Ebenezer Chapel, corner of Nassau and Amherst streets.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Unitarian Church, situated on Archdale street,
near Clifford, and the Jewish Synagogue, on Hasel, be-
tween King and Meeting streets, are rare specimens of
architectural beauty. The former, although compara-
tively small, is built in the perpendicular Gothic style,
and is well worth seeing.
The French Huguenot Church is situated at the corner
of Queen and Church streets.
Bethel, or ^Mariner's Church, at the corner of Church
and Water streets.
THE CITADEL.
The Citadel Academy and park form a complete
square, bounded on the north by Hudson street, south by
Calhoun, east by Meeting, and west by King, Before
the war the Academy ranked among the first military
schools in the country, and during the struggle which
> followed many of its alumni were elevated to high posi-
tions in the Confederate army, and their soldierly skill
and valor is best told by the few survivors of the present.
The building resembles a fortress in appearance, and is
quite extensive, with wings upon either side, sally-port,
barracks, parade ground, etc. At the close .of the war
the place was seized by the United States government
and lield as captured property; but througli the exertions
of General M. C. Butler will shortly be restored to the
State.
The new Artesian Well is located on the Green, near
the corner of King and Calhoun streets, which, when re-
gularly in operation, will contribute largely to tjjje water
supply of the city.
._, TWO cfH !;• 11 !:s.
On both sides of the Green, one on King and the other
. on Meeting street, are two large substantial church edi-
fices, with lofty spires, almost facing each other. The
new German Church (St. Matthew's), on King street,
was erected only a few years a^o, and is quite an orna-
ment to this portion of the city. The Citadel Square
Baptist, on Meeting street, presents an imposing appear-
ance, and has facilities for seating a larger number
of persons than any other church in Charleston.
THE LAXD OF FLOWERS.
19
COTTOX PRESSES.
Then, are four large Cotton Presses in Charleston,
winch, during the busy season, are kept in operation
iU\} and night, and can compress an aggregate of be-
tween nine and ten thousand bales daily. The number
of bales compressed by them during the "last commercial
year was ;i(JO,U()().
BAXK8.
The Banks, representing a capital of over 63.00U,0uu
are located as follows: ' '
Germania Savings Bank, 54 Broad street
(aroina Savings Bank, corner East Bay and Broad sts.
l^eople s Bank of South Carolina, i) Broad street
I nion Bank of South Carolina, i:39 East Bav
South Carohna^oan and Trust Company, 17 Broad st.
Hank of Charleston National Banking Association. X
K. corner Broad and State streets.
First National Bank. 13:^ East Bav.
People's National Bank. 15 Broad' street.
ITEMS OF (JEXERAL INTEREST.
The present population of Charleston is estimated to be
•d»out oej.OOO persons of whom 28,000 are white and 3o.ooo
<'.»lored or black. The customs and manners of the people
vary according to caste, but a characteristic which be-
iniigs to them as a whole is a generous outflow of hospi-
tality towards those who come among them with worthy
motives Society especially the higher grade, is noted
for the beauty and refinement of its ladies and gallantry
vL,^'' Tfr ^" ''^^^'^ ^'^""'"'^ '^^^^ ^""^'^'^^^ the chivalrous
virtues of their ancestors. With regard to public morals
Charleston IS fully up to the standard, and notwitlistand-
mg the fact that a time existed when a partisan gover i-
ment antagonistic to the intelligent portion of the com-
munity, bed full sway, acknowledging -no right but
might and no law but power:" ^.tiH. even Tiring
that chaotic period, the calendar of crime was surpris-
simiTJr nnVT ^^'' Compared with other cities containing a
similar number of inhabitants. '^
THE SCHOOL SYSTEM.
Besides a number of private schools, and the school of
he Christian Brothers for Catholic children the ctap
propriates about $(;(),000 for the supi)ort of five pubHc
schools, which are attended by both white andc^^M
chddren. three schools being reserved for whites and t^
20
A GUIDE TO
for the colored children. There is also a High School to
prepare boys for their entrance to the Charleston College,
which is conducted by an able corps of professors and
numbers among its alumni the leading business and
professional men of the State. The Medical College, too,
fe has an abfaculty, and is the alma mater of Carolina's
most distinguished physicians.
CEMETERIES.
The Enterprise Railway cars run directly to Magnolia
avenue, which leads to the burial grounds. The first
place we enter while passing down the avenue is
Bethany Cemetery, which, from the following in-
scription on almost every tombstone. " Hier ruhet in
Gott,'" we observe to be the German '• place of sepulture."
Tlv^ irrnvf>^ nnd w;i1k< ;ire carefullv att^'nrled to, and
s-i!!»^ul lia- iin.iuuiufiil.»> ure costly aii'i liaiid>"MM'.
Magnolia.— A short distance from Bethany, ciul iacii!_r
the avenue, we pass through a large main entrance aul
find ourselves in the most interesting portion of the ceme-
tery. Conspicuous among the objects of attraction here,
are the graves of Confederate and Ini' ii soldiers in
close proximity to each other, reminding une of the lines,
" Under the sod and the dew, i
\yaitino: for judj^nient day,
Under the laurel the blue.
Under the myrtle the jjray.''
Space will not admit of a aL-cnpu 'ii of tlie many hand-
some monuments and vaults to be seen at M,i-nolia. 1 he
most prominent are the cenotaphs of tip Washinj^i' ^
Light Infantry aii<i Iri-li \ < 'mnteers. Firemen's M- in.'uto
an'3 Vanderhorst Vault. Among the n mil i-i < reeled to
the memory of private individuals, w* note the Wn^h-
ington, Legare, Jones, Taber. and \Vi<(> Tnn]iniii' iiis,
which are fine specimens of artistic ^kiii .ml tiin^h.
St. Lawrence Cemetery.— To the nghi *>i Mnirnolia a
large wooden cross marks the consecrated grouml of the
Catholics. The cross, the emblem of the Catholic Jfaith,
is also to be found upon every tombstone. Tliis ife truly
a woodland solitude, where a reniii;mi ■! thr "silent
majority" await in peaceful slumber the angelic trump
of the great Resurrection.
Tin-. iiAi;r.' 'U
The beautiful land-locked harbor of Charlestuu. large
enough to contain the argosies of the world, is the most
extensive on the coast of America. The landscape, as
far as the eye can see, is pleasing to behold, and every
TO THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 21
here and there, as if rising from the sea. are battle-scarred
fortresses still standing like grim sentinels of the past
An excel ent view of the bay can be obtained from the
l>attery, but, for satisfactory observation, an excursion
on one of the steamers of the Sullivan's Island and Ferrv
( ompanv Line, is far .more preferable. Tlie steamers, of
uiiirn Mv. H. L. P. McCormick is superintendent, are
^witt. safo iUMl commodious, and leave from the pier at the
;<M)t of MaWat sti" ot. The first point of interest reached
IN Lastle liNc KNi-:^-, wliicli lias no war record worthv of
inention but was used after the war as a place to ^im-
prison tliose charged with disloyalty. The steamer passes
dose bytl.of...;- , ,n]. fiffeon i.M.nites later, stops at
he wharf of M^.r-r J ikasant. Tliis is an interesting
itt e vilhigc. an<l wll wortl* vi.Mtiiig. The houses are
'•iiilt m cottage style, and froui a distance present an at-
M-active appearance. The remnants of some old foitifi-
■ations are still to be seen, and the cemeterv, which
overs about an acre of ground, contains the remains of
-^ome of the State troo]»s who died during the war of IS12.
1 < 'HI s( \i i>:k.
•
Leaving Mount Ileasaiit. ue again tak. the steamer,
and. while making the curve for the Island, will occupy
a tew monients in contemplating the historical renown of
ae fort just off m the distance. In the annals of war
n-f^knowof no other military post so long and fiercelv
Ix'sieged and so ably defended as Fort Sumter. From
Mie time that the siege commenced, davs rolled into
\yeeks. weeks mto months and months into vears, and
M.e rain of shot and shell from the Federal batteries and
-riinboats. continued to fall in and around the walls until
ihey were battered into a mass of crumbling ruins But
I was commanded and manned by men of the stamp of
those vvho fought at Marathon of old. Of this fact the
.nanv l)ecame thoroughly convinced during the attack of
.l)ril (.th. isc.-j. Early in the afternoon the entire fleet
uenty-seven wooden war vessels, nine monitors and the
ingate Ironsides could be seen off the bar: at half-past
Our o clock the iron clads moved in the direction of the ,
tort and the battle opened. While the smoke and flashes^
of the ronflict could },e seen along the broad expanse
i-n. Suiju-ans island to Coming s :>oint. the heaviest
>n>a(lsi< .>s wrce pn.nv.l against Fort Sumter, shattering
The walls or ricochetting along the water, dashing the
v^\u?. '^IT ^'f\ V' ^}^; ^>' ^^"'^ ^"^^^ tlie brave artille-
mtai at the fort had become terribly in earnest, and a
; s uctive fiiv from the barbette guns, which lasted for
ahout three-quarters of an houi-, turned the tide of battle
22
A GUIDE TO
flit: LAND OF FLOWERS.
28
in favor of the defenders. The Ironsides, unable to stand
the broadsides directed against her, gave a few parting
shots and retired southward, follow^ed by the double tur-
retted monitor Keokuk; the latter having her fiag shot
away, three holes in her smoke stack, and her bow badly
disabled. At half -past five o'clock the firing ceased, and
the entire fleet retired from the conflict, leaving another
tribute to be added to Carolina skill and valor. It is the
proud boast of Carolinians that the enemy was unable to
capture this stronghold, which for nearly thrtv years of
a siege, stood as firm as the rcx-k of Gibraltar. For some
time after the war these portions of the fort not entirely
destroyed, were subject to the nuitilating homage of relic-
seeking travelers, and fragments of Sumter may be seen
to-day in the mansions and cottages of rich and poor
throughout the length and breadth of the land. The
outer walls, as will be seen from observation, have been
entirely rebuilt, but from the want of funds, the interior
is yet unfinished. While a sight of Suniter always
awakens in the mind of the true Southron a sense of
vanquished hopes, it also recalls to memory the gallant
deeds of noble men, which the impartial historian may
some day record with justice to themselves and the cause
for which so many of them sacrificed their lives.
M«»L'LTRIEV1LLE.
Moultrieville or Sullivan's Island is the next place
touched by the steamer, and is a great sanitarium and
summer resort. It is in the shape of a crescent, some
four miles in length, and was named after one Florence
O'SuUivan, who was placed there in the year 1074^ in
charge of a cannon, to alarm the town in case of inva-
sion from the Spaniards of Florida. Tlie Island, which
was lined with earthworks during the war. has been
since built up, and at present contains some three hun-
dred and fifty houses. It has a fine hard beac-h. which is
used as a promenade, besides a wide center street run-
ning to the myrtles. A ride of about a mile on the street
cars will land us at
FORT MOULTRIE.
What glorious recollections crowd into the brain as we
prepare to ascend the f)arapets of this renowned fortress.
Not visions of steel-clad gladiators, with glistening shields
and spears and all the ancient panoply of war, but rather
of the stern yeomanry imperfectly equipped, behind a
few logs of palmetto, holding in check a nn-midable ar-
mament. We revert in imagination to the Spring of 1770,
and before our " mind's eye," are stalwart men piling the
palmetto logs one upon the other, forming two walls, six-
teen feet apart, and filling the intermediate space with
sand. After this fashion the fort, then fort Sullivan, was
built, nor was it even completed when attacked by the
British Fleet, June 28th, 1776. But the various achieve-
ments incidental to this engagement have long since
passed into history, and are too generally known to re-
quire a rehearsal here; besides any attempt to render a
detailed account of the facts, would only be to quote or
plagiarize from the records of some faithful annotator of
the past. We remember the fears ancj. anxiety of Gen.
Charles Lee, tlie firmness of Governor Rutledge, and the
intrepidity of Moultrie. We hear again the words of
Lampriere, '' The men-of-war will knock vour fort dow^n
in half an hour," and our breasts kindle with enthusiasm
as we listen to the patriotic reply of Moultrie: *'Then wp
will lie behind the ruins and prevent the men from land-
ing." We can picture to ourselves the line of vessels
under command of Sir Peter Parker, crossing the bar
and casting anchor within easy range of the fort. Clouds
of smoke arise from the decks, and broadside after broad-
side is poured against the fort; sphnters fly in every di-
rection; but the balls rebound from the spongv palrnetto
logs, or bury themselves in the sand. But'^Fort Sul-
livan IS yet to be heard from. Twentv-six cannon
belch forth, and, like the voice of deep rolling thunder,
when it breaks in all its force from some angrv cloud, the
n-on messengers of death rattle against the hulks of the
enemy, sweeping the gunners from the decks and em-
beddmg themselves between the timbers. The comba-
tants on both sides now recognize in each other foemen
worthy of their steel, and
" The combat deepens ; on ye brave.
Who fight for ^lory o>r the wave:'
The crescent flag is shot from the parapet of the fort
and falls on the beach directly in front of^the enemy; a
few moments later the gallant Ser^-eant Jasper leaps from
the walls and restores it to its position amid a rain of bul-
lets from the British. The battle rages fiercely for nine
long hours. The loss of the British is two hundred and
twenty-five killed and wounded, while the Americans
only numbered ten killed and twenty-five w^ounded. Sev-
eral vessels are stranded, several disabled, and with am-
munition exhausted, the remainder retire from the con-
test to report the first naval defeat of England for many
years previous. This was the first victory gained bv the
contiueiital .^oldicrs over the regular troops.
\
24
A GrUIDE TO
During- the war between the States. Fort Moultrie also
played a conspicuous part, and was the source of consid-
erable annoyance to the enemy. It engaged in the in-
cipient battle of the war. (Fort Sumter, April l\;th, ISIJI).
and had one gun dismounted and one man wounded during
the monitor attack of April, 1^(13. Since the war, under
the supervision of Mr. Gleason, Fort Moultrie has been
almost entirely rebuilt. It covers an area of between
four and five acres of ground. The walls are all neatly
faced with brick and filled with earthworks of sand. It
contains at present eight magazines — one of which, al-
though since much improved, was built with the fort
after the rovolution. Tlie other seven were built since
1ST--3, and consist of brick and concrete entirelv covered
__■ *'
with earth, for they are all under ground. There is also
a bomb-proof connecting the magazines with tlie sally
port. The open space on the outside forms the parade
ground, and two fifteen-inch smooth bore Rodman guns,
and two eight-inch Parrot guns command the channel.
In an angle just outside the sally port, is a grave con-
taining the romains of bodies taken from the wreck of
the Monitor Pata}>sco. sunk by a torpe<lo during tlie late
war. Alongside of this, on a simple marble slab, four
feet in length and about eighteen inches wide, enclosed by
an iron raiiia^. \\r read:
"oSCKOLA,''
Patriot and Wakkiok, *
Died at Fort Moultrie,
.Ian :^0, 1838.
Tliis ctU'ljrated chief ^A' the Seminole Indians was born
in Florida alujut the year isoij. His father was an Indian
trader in the name of Powell; his mother was the daugh-
ter of an Indian cliitf . ( )n the -^^^kl of August, l<s:37, while
holding a conference with Gen. Jesup. near St, Augus-
tine. Florida, under a flag of triH •'. l.r an i seventy of his
warriors W( ir jiiadr pi ". M>.i','i>.. \\v N\a.> confined at Fort
Moultrie, where he died a few months afterwards. There
is an old story afloat that Osceola remarked, while in
captivity, that some red man of the forest would avenge
the treacherous act. If this is authentic, we cnn tiuly
j»oint to Gen. Canby's death, and exclaim, ''Osceola thy
words are verified.'* An oil painting of him can l>r s^mmi
at G. C. Seeber's restaurant. No. .')(><> King street. • ,
M()KHIS ISLA.M).
Across the channel is ^lorris' Island, with it^ wide,
white bleach, crumbling fortifications, etc. On its soil
the most sanguinary battles arouiid Charleston were
THE LAXD OF FLOWERS. ' 25
fought in vain attempts to capture Battery Warner
which was finally evacuated by the Confederate t?ooi ^
just prior to the close of the war. A n.'w ]TSp,.< h-^^
been lately erected on this Island. To tlu- w^^t oMIon^
IS JAMES Island, containing the ruins of Fort Johnson*
rom which the signal shot of the war was fim Be-
tween Fort Sumter an<l tlie city, on the site where Fort
Ril)lev <WK.. stood, a now iron lighthouse is in ^^Ltrur
Drayton Hall. -This old baronial residence, some
thrte^en miles from the city, may be reached by a tr p on
one of the steamers or sailing yachts, which ply un the
Ashlev River Although moi"^ than a century has passed
since It was built, still its massive brick walls are fn a
state of perfect preservation. Both in the front and rear
are stone steps, with iron railings running up and over
the otitside doors, and from the walls within are sus-
pended severa pairs of stag antlers, which call to mi^d-
Scott s description of Ben-venue, where he says :
" l)rooi)e(l from the slieath that eareJess fluno>
Lpoii a sta^'fs huj?e antlers liuiij; •
For all around the walhs to ^n-nce'
Hnn- trophies of the fi-ht or chase."
The interior is gradually falling to decay. The eleo-ant
statuary was either destroyed during the war or taken
away bv the soldiers as relics of Southern aVistoJmcy
inmnds, ^' '^'^''^^^ ^"'^^'^ ^^^^^" ^« attached to Se
" Wliere roses, e-lantine and ])rooni,
Watt around their rich pt^rfuni*^
riose to the walls to^rether twine.
The ivy and the Idani vine."
The Bar.-A great drawback to Charleston^ commer-
n louth of Tl ' ''''i ^'T ^^'' ^^^^^ ^^'^^1 ^'''' blocking thl
niouth of the harbor for ten miles, and preventing ^shins
-t heavy burdt'ii from entering, except at very high t le
ly nieans of the national jetties, ho^^ever. thl const^t-uc:
ion of which will commence shortly, a depth of ten or
twelve feet of water will be gained. formin|a channel f
• n half mile in width, deep enough for the lail^srvessels
J' » pass through. - ^^^^fet^sL vessels
• THK VffOSPHATES.
For many years past the marl underlying the phos-
phate beds of South Carolina was known and used as 1
I'-rtilizer, but. until of late, the rocks c,r loclules were
•Ing up and thrown aside, not merelv as a iiseles^ maVe
. i-ial, but were regarded as an obstruction. The foL whig
d6
A GUIDE TO
extract from a pamphlet published by Dr. N. A. Pratt,
will show how the discovery of the usefulness and value
of these corpolifes was made :
"As early as the year 180(5, I attempted to establish a
company for the manufacture of acids and fertilizers,
but without success. In 18G7 the attempt was revived
with better hopes of success; and while from May to
August selecting- a suitable location for such works, and
as chemist to the ' North Carolina Geological Survey/ I
searched in both the Carolinas for native home material
which might be turned to profit in the manufacture of
acids and fertilizers, I was fortunate enough to discover
that a bed outcropping within ten miles of Cliarleston,
contained as large a percentage of the phosphate of lime
as any of the phosphatic guanos imported from the tropi-
cal islands, and used in this country and abroad in the
manufacture of fertilizers. This bed has long been known
in the history of the geology of South Carolina, as tlie
' Fish Bed of the Charleston Basin,' on account of the
abundance of the remains of the marine animals found
in it ; Professor Holmes of the Charleston College, hav-
ing in his museum no less than sixty thousand specimens
of sharks' teeth alone, some of them of enormous size,
weighing from two to two and a half pounds each. Tlie
bed outcrops on the banks of the Ashley, Cooper, Stono.
Edisto, Ashepoo, and Combahee Rivers, but is developed
most heavily and richly on the former, and has been
found as far inland as forty miles. Near the Ashley
River, it paves the public highway for miles— it seriously
impedes and obstructs the cultivation of the lands, afford-
ing scarcely soil enough ' to hill up the cotton rows ;'
and the ^phosphates' have been for years thrown up
in piles on the lawns, or into causeways over ravines,
to get them out of reach of the ploughs; it underlies
many square ^niles of surface continuously, at a depth
ranging from six inches to twelve or more feet, and ex-
ists in such quantities, that in some localities fnnn five
hundred to one thousand tons, or more, underlie each
acre. In fact, it seems that there are no rocks in this
section that are not phosphates.
'* While engaged as above-mentioned, from May to Au-
gust, 18G7, in locating my proposed works, and searching
for material suitable to my purposes, on or about the first
of August, while examining samples of foreign guano in
the laboratory of Dr. St. Julien Ravenel, (who was then
engaged in preparations for the manufacture of fertili-
zers, and expected to import or purchase his materials
from al)road,) I was shown by him a rock whicli he said
was from Goose Creek, S. C, and contained, according
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
27
to his estimates, from ten to fifteen per cent, of the phos-
phate of lime. Knowing from Toumev's Geologv of South
Carolina, and Professor Shepard's analvsis, that nine per
cent, was not uncommon in the marls of Ashley River, I
was not surprised, and at his suggestion that ' as I was
interested in such matters I had better analyze it,' I did
so. Two days afterwards the result was known, as fol-
lows, and immediately communicated to Dr. Ravenel.
who was then in my laboratory, with the remark that ' it
was well worth looking after :' ' Phosphate of lime. 3-t 40-
sand and insoluble matter. 29. 92.' The same da v. Au-
gust o. (as taken from mv laboratory record,) recallino- to
my mind the 'Fish Beds' of the Ashlev River, and tlie
•nodules' or "conglomerates' buried there, I applied to
my friend. Professor F. S. Holmes, (who, among all mv
acquaintances, was best informed as to the geologv of
this section of the country,) for samples of those and
similar rocks, and finding in his cabinet a quantitv taken
tvvelve years before from his own plantation on Ashley
River, was pleased to discover an August lo. 1807. No 1
phosphate of lime, 55.92 per cent.: No. 2. phosphate of
hme. 55.52 per cent. Subsequent analvsis made of the
rocks taken by myself from the bed, showed averages
varving from fifty-seven to sixty-seven percent., which
could be relied on from a very large extent of countrv •
thus having found these phosphates to be identical with
the/ marl stones.' 'nodules,' or ' conglomerates,' of the
' Fish Bed of the Charleston Basin,' all the phvsical char-
acters of which had been known and described twenty
vears before; and the nodules, of which 1 was informed
by Professor Holmes, were known to contain fifteen or
sixteen per cent, of phosphate of Hme. Availing mvself
ot Professor Holmes' extended information in regard to
the outlines of the bed. which he had manv vears ago
rnapped out, I pushed forward my examinations and ex-
plorations with flattering results, and in a few weeks
extended the limits of the bed far beyond its previouslv
known l)ounclaries. Thus this valuable material was
discovered and loccited.''
The following extract from a report of the Chamber of
Commerce on the trade and Commerce of Charleston will
give an idea of the value of ihe marl found in South Car-
olina:
The extensive marl beds of the low countrv of South
Carolina were known and adverted to from an early pe-
riod in the history of the country. The economic value
ot these marls was, however, especially brought to notice
by Mr. Edmund Ruffin, who had been very successful in
renovating worn out fields in Virginia, by the applica-
28
A GUIDE TO
tion of the marl found in that State. He therefore na-
turally concluded that South Carolina marl would effect
the same desirahle object. With great industry and en-
thusiasm, he examined numerous localities, determined
the percentage of carbonate of lime, and urged u])on
planters the advantages to be derived from enriching
their fields.
*' In Virginia, the carbonate of lime is in a condition
easily attacked by acid compounds of comparatively
weak and solvent power, while in South Carolina it is so
combined with and mineralized by silex, oxide of iron,
phosi)hate of lime, and other substances, as not to be
applicable to agricultural purposes, until its nature has
been changed by l)urning. When this has been done, the
South Carolina marl becomes an imj)roving agent, vastly
more effective than that of Virginia." To effect this de-
sirable-, object, the ''Charleston Agricultural Lime Com-
pany " have established works at Woodstock, on the
South Carolina Railroad, about IS miles from Charleston,
where this marl has been found, after numerous and
careful examinations, to be very rich in phosphate of
lime." The Charleston agents of this company are
Messrs. Ravenel ^ Co.
Some of the principal j)hosphate companies are the
Etiwan, Wandoo. Pacific. Stone* and Atlantic.
■ At a recent meeting of the stockholders of the Stono
Phosphate Company, the following officers were elected :
Wm. Ravenel. President: F. L. Frost, Secretary and
Treasurer: Dr. St. Julien Ravenel. Chemist: J. B. Kecke-
h\v. Surprrintendent.
NEWSPAPERS.
Xkws and Courier. — This is one of the best conducted
('ailies in the South, and the leading Democratic journal
oi the State. The office, large stone front building, is
situated No. 10 Broad street, and includes in its depart-
ments a business office and recei>tion room on the first
floor, editorial and reportorial rooms on the second floor,
and composing rooms on the third floor, all well fur-
nished: while in the outer buildings, ranging towards
Elliott street, are to be found the steam presses and ma-
chine for folding the i)aper, and the job office in the rear
of the press room.
Deutsche Zeitunc;. — A German paper, jiublished tri-
weeklv, bv F. Melchers & Son, at OS Broad street. A
sterling Democratic sheet, with extensive circulation.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 29
Sunday Tuaies.— Published every Sundav morning at
No. o State street. Large and increasing circulation.
Monthly REcoRD.-Episcopalian, bv Walker, Evans
<x: Cogswell.
HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES.
Charleston Hotel.— (3n the corner of Meeting. Havne
and Pmckney streets, is a massive building, with double
colonnade, reaching to the roof, and forming quite an
ornamental exterior.
I
Pavilion.— This popular first-class hotel, so extensive-
ly known throughout the country, is situated at the cor-
ner ot Meeting and Hasel streets, in the verv center of
the wholesale and retail business houses. It has been
recently renovated, is elegantly furnished, and affords all
the facilities and comforts looked for by those traveling
foi- pleasure or on business. On the table evervthing
pleasing to the taste is found, and the celebrated artesian
wat^er, so higlily recommended by physicians, is supplied
tor both drinking and bathing piif poses if desired. A fine
biNjard jwirlor and barber saloon are attached.
Waverly House.— This is third in size among the
hotels now open in the city, and has the facilities for
accommodating one hundred guests. Its situation is in
the bend ot king street.
^1 A. ^.'^loN House.— Located in Broad street, near Meet-
ing has been recently fitted up, and now offers accom-
modation f(^r fifty persons. The situation is a most de-
sirable one. and the charges moderate.
HiLBFRS House. No. ■.>84 King street, is well known as
a first class private boarding house, and is now prenared
tor the winter travel.
The Forest and National houses, both located on
King street, are most comfortably furnished, and have
tlie facilities for accommodating either families or sincrle
persons. >^ ^
H xMiToN House.— This house is conducted bv a lady
whose appreciation for the gallant - standard bearer" of
tlie State suggested the illustrious title which it bears
those who patronize the Hampton House will receive
every attention. Its location is on Meeting street, next
to the Pavilion Hotel.
30
A GUIDE TO
THE LAXD OF FLOWERS.
31
Mechanics House, fitted up especially for the accom-
modation of mechanics, is situated on Meeting street.
nearly opposite the Market. The prices and enerj;y of
the proi)rietor to give satisfaction, will be found in keep-
ing with the times.
Lemon's Restaurant, on the northeast corner of Hascl
and Meetiiit^ streets, is always su})plied with the host
oysters, fisli, and game, when in season, prepared in
savory style and served by attentive waiters. Meals are
furnished at all hours during the day, and up to the
closing hour at night.
HOME ENTERPRISES, Etc.
As the Charleston Disinfectant, manufactured by Mr.
John Commins is receiving the attention of the medical
faculty, we take pleasure in appending the reports of
some leading physicians on the subject.
Dr. Lynah, while practising on Sullivan's Island, speaks
thus: I have freely used the Fumigator and Disinfectant
manufactured by John Commins, and fintl it one of the
most perfect Disinfectants that has been brought into use
for the prevention of epidemic and contagious diseases.
T would recommend its use in all houses where diphtheria
and fevers prevail, as I believe it to have a tendency to
prevent the extending of such diseases in the house.
Health Office, Galveston Texas.
I have experimented with the Disinfectant manufac-
tured by John Commins, and find it a powerful Fumiga-
tor and Deodorizer. I think it a most valuable disinfec-
tant for vessels, as it gives off no sparks while burning.
Health Plujsician.
Office City and Roper Hospitals, Charleston, S. C.
Mr. John Commins : I have given your disinfectant a
good test, and I am much pleased with the result. In
this institution it has served our purpose admirably; it
has few equals for simplicitv and efficacy.
J. b. liLIST, M. D.,
Physician to Hospital.
The Charleston Disinfectant, manufactured bv John
Oommins, has great recommendation for cheapness and
•easy of application. From its combination it has great
<'laims for recommendation on ships and in houses we
consider it a powerful disinfectant.
J. T, McFARLAND, M:. D,, ) Committee on Disin-
JAMES HOLMES, M. D., [fectants. Jacksonville,
L. I. SAILIL. M. D., ) Fin., Feb. Wth, 1878.
Among the most flourishing industries in the citv is
the Sash and Blind Factory of Mr. E. W. Percival,*^ sit-
uated at the east end of Columbus street. This is, strictly
speakmg, a Southern enterprise, and is suuplied with all
the modern improvements for turning out doors, sashes,
blinds, frames, moulding, brackets, mantels, etc. with
neatness and dispatch. The saw-mill attached contains
tlie latest improved machinery for planing work The
track of the Northeastern and Savannah Kailroa'ds run
through the yard, which saves the expense of drayage
as the cars can be loaded at the factory.
Invention.— A unique contrivance, wliich can either be
used as a sleeping cot, or parlor lounge, has recently been
invented by Mr. R. C. Millings, No. 'UU King street. It
may be used with or without a net, can l)e folded up and
carried about, and may be used to advantage by hotels
>»r boarding houses. The prices vaiy ai cording to finisli.
HoLMAN Liver Pad Company. -Tlie trite saving that
•" "^V^^^VJ^^ succeeds like success," finds an apt illustration
m the Holman Liver Pad. That the theory of the appli-
cation and use of medicine by absorption is, in most
cases, the true course of treatment, has been thorouo-hly
demonstrated and conclusivelv proven to the public mind
through the introduction of the Holman Pad, which has
done its work whenever and wherever used with extra-
ordinary success.
This pad company have established in the Citv of
harleston a supply depot for the West and South, thev
have ample and fine rooms at the corner of Kino- ancl
Market streets, with separate parlor for ladies and gen-
tlemen. Though they have been here but a short time
the sales of over a hundred pads in a single day attest
the public intelligence and appreciation. The testimo-
nials of this company are of the highest character, in-
cluding high and well known names in Europe as well as
in America. ' !
Obliging and skilled assistants are in attendance at the
rooms to give all desired infoi-mation.
n
32
A GUIDE TO THE LAM) OF FLOWERS.
Insurance Agency. — The agency of Messrs. Ravenel.
Bowen & Co., representing no less than seven of the best
companies in England and America, is located at No. 8
Broad street, three doors east of State. It also represents
one of the most solvent accident companies in the country,
and the term of insurance on dwellings and other proper-
ty may be carried for periods of three and five years.
STEAMSHIP LINES.
The steamship lines connecting New York with Charles-
ton, are the Adger and Clyde Lines. To the former line
belong the steamers City of Atlanta. Charleston, and
Champion ; to the latter, the George W. Clyde and Gulf
Stream. The Clyde Line to Philadelphia, consists of the
steamers Virginia and Equator.
The Falcon and Sea Gull belong to the Baltimore Line.
The Sappho, Pocosin, and St. Helena, to the Mount Plea-
sant and Sullivan's Island Ferry Company Line, and a
number of smaller steamers run between Charleston and
llw landings on the Santee and Pee Dee Rivers.
STREET RAILWAY.
Charleston has two street railway companies, viz : the
City and the Enterprise, which run through all of the
j»niicipal streets, with a line of track extending from the
Battery to the Forks of the Road.
CO^rLL'SION.
And now farewell to Charleston and all her greatness !
For the present our occupation is gone. The good steamer
waits at the foot of Adger s wharf to bear us to the
"Forest City." We provide ourselves with a ccmifortable
state room, and as the swift steamor turns seaward, we
rapidly pass forts, islands, and lighthouses, which grad-
ually sink from vietv as we reach the broad ocean and
continue our course further into the heart of the "sunny
South."
SHORTEST ROUTE AND QUICKEST TLME VIA A. C. L.
^ N 1)
NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, m RICHMOND,
TIME AS SHORT BETWEEN
fLORJDA POIIMTS AND THE VEST I
Asm A.W uTHER ROUTE.
DOUBLE DAILY TRAINS, ('^^5^^~U. S. Mail.
PULLMAX SLEEPixr^ CARS on all Nii^-ht Trains.
Paj<S(Mijreri< ^-o Tlirou^-h between CHARLESTON and S \-
VANNAH and AU(iUSTA. /r/fhont rjiauf/*^/
s. ('. Jioi/istoit. r;. K ,{■ T. A.
f. S. (Indxdrii, /•'//, r ,(• Snn>
T t T t t t 'J r '> 'f .|. .^ .. A ^ .
CHARLESTON, S. C.
GEO. T. ALFORD, Proprietor.
IlOAitI). ITH l)V^^ - Ki.oo \>l> 82.50.
(According? to location of roomj<.)
This is a First-class Hotel, and has recently ])een Renovated
R.painted and put m thorou-ii (n-der in every respect. ^ '^^*^*''
The Pavilion is situated on Meetin- street, one of the widest
handso.ncst and busiest thorou<rhfare's of tlie citv. It is u-^\l in a
t.n st.'ps o the lar-est wholesale houses, and connected bV vfeVt
railway w.th the R R. DeiK>ts. Postoffice. Banks, ^^c. The Lmies'
entrance ,s on Basel street, less than a s(,narefroni Ki„^' street he
fashionable promenade and principal street for retail shoppinl^
( leiks <-on.i»etent and i,olite. Servants quick ai.d attentive?
The Bdhard ]>arlor connected with the Ik, use is the finest in the
South, contairnn^^r,Collender Tables, fifteen )>all pool:
Rooms may be en^-aj^-ed in advance by applyin;,- to
G. T. ^LFOlll), Proprietor,
^ CHARLESTON,' 8. (j.
IMKMION AI ^! (OM) I XPOSl RK
•.VI
A <a'n)R TO THK LAM) (»F FL()\VI:R>
IxsTKANcK A(iKNcv.— Tlu' a^^i'iicv of ^lessi's. l-Javciicl.
Bowrii cS: Co.. i'rj)n>s('iitini^ no less tliaii seven of the l)ost
companies in Kn.L;Ian<l and Anieric-a, is located at No. s
Broad street, three doors east of State. It also i'e})rrs('nts
oneof the!nost solvent accident companies in tl]<' country,
and the term of insurance on dwellings and (>ther proper-
ty may he cai"rie<l foi- i>erio(ls of three and five yeai-s.
STKAMSMIP LINKS.
The stf^amshi}) hni^s eonnectin;;- New N^>rk witli ( 'has'lys-
ton, are the Ad^^i-r and Clyde IJnes. To the formei- line
helon;^- the stejimers City of Atlanta. Charleston, and
C1ianri»ion : to the latter/the Cleori;*' W. Clyde and (hdf
Stream. The Clyde Line to I^hiladelphia, consists of the
steamers Vir'_;inia and Ecpuitor.
The Falcon and Sea (iull l)elon<;- to the Baltimore Line.
The Sapoho. Bocosin. and St. Helena, to the Mount IMea-
sant and Sullivan's Island Ferry Comjjany Line, and a
numher of smaller steamers run hetween Charleston and
ill'- landin^;s on the Santee and Bee Dee Rivors.
STKLKT KAILW.VV
rharleston has two street railway conipam'es. viz: the
( ity and the Fnter])rise, which run through all of the
nriiu-ipal streets, with a line of track extendin*;- from the
flattery to the Forks of the Road.
coycLl'sioN.
And now farewell to CharU'ston and all her <;reatness !
For th<' })resent oui* occupation is ^one. The i;-ood steanu'r
waits at the foot of Ad*;-er"s wliarf to hear us to the
•Forest City." We provide ourselves with a eomfoi'tahle
state i'o»m/and a-- the swift steamer turns soawai'd. we
ra])idly ])ass forts, islands, and lighthouses, which i;rad-
uallv sink from view as we reach the hroad oci'an and
continue our course further into the heart of the "sunny
South."
4
I
$
4
;iavannah and wjiarisston Railroad.
±.
y-m'
•- ^ ,/-« C — —4*- .MM i ff! —— .^Z.
Miles
.-iifi;Ti;sT ijoiT!-: .wn (^iickkst ti.mh via a (\ i,.
F 1^ O K if E> A ' P 4 M \ r .S
NEW YORK, PHILOELPHIArBALTlMORE, AND RIGHMOKD,
TJMK AS SHORT HPynVKLX "^ ^
TLORSDA POmrS AMD THE V/EST !
AS HV ANY OTHKH Hol'JM:.
DornLL DAILY TIL\ I Xs, ."^Ti^Wno^L. S. \\,x\\.
IMI, L.MAX sL|.:i.:j>i>-,, CARS ,,„ all Xi^.T Train-
: l»a-vi)-..i-v o<, 'J'lin.imli l.cr\v,«Mi ( HARLLSTOX and S \-
\.\N.\AII an<l ALdlSTA /rUhmif r/m ii(i> '
'' s. I, •,;</<,/, ,,. J-:, 1,1, a- ,Si/jif
f'Af iii#i U-e-Tki
CHATLr
^ & .ml^
■ip c>.
C T
':^, S c .
BOAHI>, I»FH aAV. - ^^2.00 A>J> $2.50,
According to locatinu <,! n>«»i
I!-.
I'TJ^mTi" ^'I'"-^ ••'/'^^Hot.l, an.! La> ivr.ntlv In-.-n R.-unvate.!
U.painnMl an.l piir in l lM,n,n-)i nnl..,- in .'V^-rv iv<ih.,-t.
Tin- I'avilinn i> sirnar.Ml (,n M,..ti„u- ^r n ."t. ^uie nf rl,,- wiH.-^t
U'^v .uv< <. rln. !ar^..>T wholesale hous... an.l <-<,nn..-i. I Uy It^r
nnlwav w.rh Tl... U H. |).,,.,t> Rn.tom... Ranks. .Vc- tL"! -m iVJ
j.ntnM...,son Ha..Urn-.t l...rhanasMnarMn>nNsinj:^^^^
t..>l lo nal.lM i,r«>ni..na..|." and principal sThw-t l<.r nTai! .!„>,
; ••••k> .M.n.p.r.-nr and polit... S..rvanT> .-,n;.-k and alfntiv.."^
J I..' Hillia.rd ]'ar!..r(M,nn,M.t.'d with tlu' Ikmim- is t'ih lin<-r in r'-.^
SonTl,,r,.nrainnm:,<n||.nd.M-Tal>I... fitT-.-n hall jkm.I '"" ^ '" ^-^
R<.<»ins May 1..- cn-.^-^'d in advanr.- I.y api,lyin- r<>
^'. 7: ALFOIIJ), Pro/jricfur^
' <HARLLSTnX,'S. ('.
i
li
iwferiAAW A. low
FERRY ^--^^-5.3^^11^
'^ COMPANY
Www W * mf^ v% * * * w w S^ l#
STEAMERS
SAPPHO. POCOl. AID ST. HELEl
SCHEDULE.
Leave the City daily at lo a. m., 3 and 6 i'. m.
Leave the Island daily at 8 a. m., 12 m., and 5 v. >r.
11 1, !' .McCOKMK'K.
.<^rr/''///. wv;. \7'/ . \'/,
Mannfartnver of
WIGS, PLAITS. 3RA!0S. PUFFS, CURLS: Ff:IZEUS.&C
Will renew and work over all old Hrniib. C onii>in}r-s> «Stc"., in lasliionalile styles
at low 1)1 ices; also Dyeinjr in every shade, either liyfitrr or <l(irk(r.
Country Orders promptly atteruled to.
Ladies' Hair-dressiiiji: a specialty,
301 Kiiiu StrtM't Cliarlt'stoii, S, C
J\ L, aVILLEMlX,
188 Ivuil; Sulll, Clkiilcston, S. C.
PLUMBING,
GAS FITTING.
TIN ROOFING,
tS- CAS FIXTURES AND KEROSENE GOODS S!
Steam Fitting and Ship Plumbing.
MERCH ANTS^ STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
Charleston f o Baltimore !
And aJJ points XOKTH and WKST, also to h11 ErR(^PF:AN Ports.
THE FIRST CLASS STEAMSHIPS,
FALCON, B. F. Ktrbv, Commander,
SEA GULL, \\\m. ALvRsiiMAN, Commander,
Sailing from Charleston and Baltimore weekly,
Otter to the traveliiiir public every Comfort and ConvHiiience.
W:\\ to BALTIMOREpt^^c r':Oiily $ 15.0^!
Direct Coiiuectloii is lade at Baltimore for all Points NorftlFwest^
'■>■
FOR ALL INFORM ATI()>\ APPLY TO
!■ \1
''. a..«v
. ^g:
riMoRK. ArT>
A. Tobias' S:r. k ZoL—r.
:s.
RICHARD J. MORRIS,
DEALER TN
CoBlii, H?aliii2, ii Kerosene ^m. icM. M "tm.
IMain, Japa^med, and Planished Tin. Sheet Iron, and
AV^oodeii Ware, House Furnishing Articles, etc.
Eoofimj. Giifff-Tfin/ and Repairing pronq)tJij attended to.
No. 118 Kiniz Street. Cliarleston. S. r\
ROBERT D.W[!ITE,
WORKS.
CEMETERY LOTS ENCLOSED,
AND BURIAL VAULTS BUILT AT
SHORT NOTICE.
Meeting S:.. ::r. Ilorlbeck's Alley,
( HARLESTON, S. C.
IMIM ION \L Sli^CONI) lAl'OSl KF.
Mount Flsasant ^ Sullivan's Island
F E P. " Y K gm^:^ .-^^, C^Ch^r-ANY
Office and Wharf, Foot of Market St.
STEAM ERS
K! 1J
■W
III ui'
1
'11,;' N !
ilbLi
"n
Jjiir
in
scin:i)ri.i;.
Leave the Cit)- ilaily at lO a. m., 3 and 6 r. \i.
Leave the Ishind ilaily at S a. m.. i j m.. aiul 5 i'. m,
. L. i\ AicCOi< M i^K,
^7 77';^7.\77•;.^'/^/' ^"/'
M i >>S S
■\1 ,r, iifactur.T of
i J j« >i I ^ c
I
WiG3,''LA!To, ,R
OS --""'FS.CUP.LS.FRIZETTS.&C.
Will ifiiL'W ainl work <>\ . r :i!l olil i;raiil-. ( oiiiliiiii:*. \f. uii j'asliioniililr -In 1('-<
at low iiii(»'~: al~<> Dxciuir in cvcrx >liatlf. citlitr //;//*'</■ or »/";/.» /•.
(\>ui»t!'y <)r(l»'r> proiiipTly attnultMl To.
J..;nli»'s" Hair(lrt's>iiii;" a >ptM-ialT>'
301 King Street. Oharlestou, S. C
r. I., an Li.FMiX.
kScS Kino- Street, Charleston, S. C
PLUMBING.
GAS FITTING.
TIN ROOFING.
o-
C A S ,'■ I X T U R E S AND KEROSENE GOODS
."Meani I'lttini^' and Shiii I'iumlMiiy.
f
Charlcsfon io BaIti..n^rG !
Aiid aJJ j)(.inT> >(iHTil aii.l W KST. also m.-, 11 KIRDPKW IN.-t^
~^^ Mml M Fimil & AttractiYe Route !
THE FIRST CLASS STEAMSHIPS,
J'AIXOX. I). V. Kikji\. Commanck-r,
SKA (illJ., \\\m. Ma KM). man, Coiiiinaiulcn
Sailing from Charleston and Baltimore weekly,
( mvv To Tlu^ Trav.'li'ii.^- ]iii!.:ic cvHi-y Cointoi-T and ( ouvciii.'nc.'.
Ticte to BALTIMORE;
IiH'luiliiiir Mt;i]- aiii
statt'ivuMu Itciili.
:Oiili $15.00!
iJV^M'M^S, AT SEA O^^LY •>*-nofirs!
Direct Coiii iGCtioii i.s made at Eiilt iiiior c for all P oiiiL^ NgUIi aiiii We.^t,
P(»H AIJ. INFORMATION. AI'PM^Tn "
Edwin Fitzgerald, Agt.. ; A. Tobias^ Son .S; LeLeon, Agts,
<HAHI,i:ST()N. S. (
DKAf.KR iX
Cooliiiff, Mm, and KeroseEe Stoves, Grates, M Mm.
Plain. .lapiHiihMl, and I'lanisjicd Tin. Siiec^T Iron, and
WcxhIpm War«\ Hou>»' I'Mnii>liiHji' ArTJcIes. pTc
RonJiiKi. (intti^iiiii (UkI ni'i>(iii-iHij pjt>ii//)fl// i(ffrit(Jv() /().
t5<
fe-
'^1
LiT^^ J ,.-'
^^^'Jf^
R08EBT O.W !TE.
< KMl-rrKKV LOTS KN( J.OSKl),
AM) HCRIAL VAPI/rs lU ILT AT
1_ SHOR'J^ No'i'K !•:.
'>«=^?:®«^^ Meeting St., cor. Kcrlceck's Alley.
'::t"-:" < HARLP.STON. S. ( .
A. G. CODWORTH & CO.
WHOLESALE
155 Meeting St,,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
C K I IN A t: M !~ulTl U M !
II. C. STOLL, Aj»enl,
No. 287 King Street, opposite Masonic Temple,
(^HARLKSTON, 8. C.
Importer and Dealer in French Cliina. (xlass aiul (.^ueensware. ('.('.
Yellow and K()ekin>;ham-\vare, Kerosene Laini>s, Chandeliers
antl Hraekets, Plated -ware. Cutlery, juid Hf>iise
"iirnishiu":' (ioods ireurrallN
The C!> dc Steamship Lnies
CHARLESTD^J TO MEW 1 oFiK. \V[Ci"!E:OAYS.
Elegant Deck Stateroonis foi' Cabin Passengers.
CHAFLESTGN TO PHILADELPHIA I
SATURDAYS— FOR FREIGHT ONLY.
AVA(tNER, IIU(iER & CO., ] . .
WM. A. CIOURTENAY, f ^^^<^»ts,
1)« East Bay, Charleston, S. C
. Ho. 284 KiiiE Street, Ctiarlestou, S. C.
Transient Board, — from $1.50 to $2.00 pur Day,
accordin(t to rooms.
carriactEs always in attendance at the depots
AND house to convey PASSENGERS.
Mrs. B. Hilbers.
Geo. A ^A'.if^ener.
I
.7011 \ C()I{|JI7IT.
(Successor to Geo, A Bowman,)
WTIIVDOW SHADES,
Clotli & iaiiii
CHARLESTON. S. C
m
]
J
U
lartel
-^ ■-«» '^m-- ■•: ic ■■• »
FUMIGATOR. DISINFECTANT. AND DEODORIZER,
Composed of Sulphur, Carbolic Acid, and Iodine- the O N L Y
KNOWN FUMIGATOR that completely destroys all germs of in-
fection in a house, or in clothing. Should he freelv used where
Dii)htheria, Miasmatic and Contagious Diseases existl
Endorsed an<l recommended by the Medical Convention lately
held at Jacksonville, Fla., February lU, 1878, to consider the most
eflfectual Di>infectants, and the best means of preventing the intro-
duction of Yellow Fever, and other contagious diseases into the
Ports of the United States.
Price, 10 cts, per mm., siifflcieiit lo f iimipte a small louse,
, roH .s.vr.K nv
JOHN COMMINS,
Patented Nov. 28, 1870. Manufacturer,
f^' HEAR OF POSTOFFICE, CHARLESTON, S. C.
REFERENCES-WHO ARE NOW USING IT.
Hon. E. C. Anderson, Mayor of Savannah, Ga.; H(m J C Rid-
dell. Mayor of Fernandina. Fla.; J. A. Stewart, Esq., Commis-
sioner of Health. Baltimore, Md.: Hon. H. A. Kendrick, Mavor of
Brunswick, (ia.; .1. C. Habersham, M. D.. Health Officer, Savan-
nah, Ga.: Dr. F. P. Porcher, Associate Phvsician, Citv Hospital
Charleston, S. C; Dr. Rob't Lebby, Health Officer, at guarantine,
Charleston, S. C, who savs:
" Since the introduction of the Fumigator and Disinfectant
manufactured by John Coannins, I have used it freely on all vessels
infected or otherwise, quarantined at this station, and believe it
has no equal.''
-*«=«■• I ■ -^ Bb «-«■ ■
/'
MUSICAL MERCHANDISE,
No. 245 King htret^t, Charleston, S. C.
Pinrrrx tn Ipf. PiniiO'^ tnninl niid rtMiairfd.
^^
CHARLLSTON
CTZS
s.c.
^ T
CO y^
err>
C/a
PRIVATE BOARDING
By MISS M. C. PHIl 1 IPS,
187 Meeting Stref^t next nhovo Pavilion Hotel,
CHAHLESTON, S. C.
Board and LudgLito per daij, ^p l.di): })ev iveek,
$7.00: (411 d per month, $26.00.
3li:i I! AM(S- iiorsK,
121 Meeting St., opposite Market, Charleston, S. C.
CiIooi> Pifi> vim: rJoAKDix;,
Can be obtained at this House, with Ciood Aeeoiniiiodations.
BOARD Per Day, |1.00; per week. ^«).(M).
Pernianf^nt Board, $5.00 per week.
4 ' ■■ .m HC ■. B-:^ BS ■-.mC ■« Hk' .
lew York ; Charleston
bIKAMMllp Ll\i:i
Sniliiigever^ Sadirdnj
-^ '^IC^ *-
.steamship CITY OF ATLANTA, uaptain M. S. Woodhiill.
Steanhship THAMPION, Captain R. W. Loekwood.
Steanisliip CHARLESTON, Captain James Berry.
V. i .. VA. A > T Ht \ T V \\ o r?>rs :
TABLE FIRST
T
i.. ,
JAMES ADGER & CO., Agents,
Corner of Ad-erV AVliarf and East Bay,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
^ u U .
- 0, j. THO;^iPSON
J)EALERS IN
ST(,)\i:s, KA\(J,S, GRATIS.
PI
ArT?<"V'ri:^'.,^\^VI^^^^'^ ^"^^""^ OCTFITS A SPEd \ I TV
MPS, LEAD k IRON PIPE. SHEET LEAD. TIN W.vKE. &,-.
V?ol \\a^\ Jliiji, Noiili oT 3LiiKrl Stiect.
CHARLESTON. S, ^.
House and Ship Phiiii})inp:. Roofinjr. Gutterinj,', and Tin Work
irenerally. ])ronii)rIy attMndMd fo
W(^(l(liiii> (;iil at Alhiifs.
M' n .M.W I.I.K\ — Ot new and elej^ant desii-ns, and exouisite
workmanship. DIAMONDS, PEARLS. CAMEOS-As AveH ax W
co.stiy sets, jn ?reat variety. STERLIN(7 SILVERAVARE — In
tresh and beautiful patterns, especially adapted for Weddinir IVes-
..»ts ^l I . I:R PLATED-WARE-Tea SetJ, Waiters. Ice PiR-hers,
Butter Dislies, ( ups, Ooblets, etc. CHOICE FANCY (iOODS—
French Clocks, Bronzes, fine Table Cutlery, Opera Glasses fine
<jiassware, etc " '
THE BEST GOODS AT THE 1 -WEST PRICES.
JAMES ALLAN,
Sign of Drum Clock, 307 King Snvt^t, Charleston, S. C.
, 'j^Mmm&
<^
GAS FITTER.
WTKAM I ITTi:i{ A I'LL 31 UK I?,
No. 447 King Street, Charleston. S. C.
A tine assortment of (trs and Kero.sene CHAN I > 11
T.AAIPS nlwnv< on IimimI
iin^ and
iliansion i;.louse
By iMrs. K. (J FINNEV,
«9 i:r..,i(l \t 1.1.
In the immediatf vicmii\ oi the linnks
ami I"o.~torti'ce.
(_ iiAi;Li.>i'« '\, >. c.
Pemaiieiit & Trau^iciit Boardtr^
At 11 )\IMi )liA IF I ■
ON iti: is<»\Aiii.i: 1 iHMs.
CHARLES BEBBUSSE,
Tmpm-t>>r ami Mnnnfnotvrrr of
BASKETS
And ])♦'!) l,r ui
TO\>. W h I \.\T-y (i()(,i>s,
."•iOi Kii;^^ Sti-eet,
4 IJOOK.^ Ai;»>\ i \», 1 \ i w (M:'rn.
nriS!,!^?.! CiiaiiestoiLS.C,
'Ihc ihrupfst Fiiniiiiire Ware-rooms in
Charleston, ami none ol" Adam and Kve's
Old ^t vies either.
E.G. MILLINGS
Fiiiiiitnre Wai'fi-rooiiis,
5
i\o. 219 Ilir- Stroc-:,
« M \i;i.ESTUN.
Constantly re-
ceiving the Latest
Styles of Furni-
T tire. T'offins and
' Kiirial Caskets of
ilie most sn])erb
>t^les and finish.
BROAD STREET.
Havkm:!., Bo>vf:> & Co.
•HAKLESTON, S. C.
Representing in FIRE DEPARTMENT first class English and
'tII'T't, t'' L' 't^' ' '^'l'"~ ',:: "" " ' ■'-^■i-t^^;ii' iii^C upwards of $.S(K()()0,O()0.
MARINE DEPARTMENT. -Mercantile Mutual Insurance Com-
panv New iork i oreign and Coastwise Insurance eflfected to all
]>'>ri- Mt rcnsniialiic r;it<-'^
LIFE AND ACCIDENT DEPARTMENT, representing the Pion-
T^^!-^f'^^'r^^V\'?^^^^l'^^^ ^^fr ^^^^ '^'''^ reliable TRAVELERS'
I^s( H NCE COMPANY of Hartford, Conn. Every available
lonu ul Lile and Accident Insurance effected.
8 BROAD STREET, CHARLESTON, S. C.
^Vki^* '\^ P' f r. ^ *^ "^ ' ^'■^- '^^ ^'ENEL. E. P. JERVEY,
J^cinoiTs licstariiant,
OPPOSITE PAVILION HOTEL,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Fish, Oysters, and Game, in season.
E. W. PERCIVAL,
MA.\rKA( 1 IHKH OK
DOORS, SASHES AND BLINDS,
I''r;iiu.-.v, M(.ul(liii-v. l^r-acket.s, Stair
Rails. W 1 .\l;tnt.-U. &c.
' ' 111] . hiidii aiht quality of work defled.
I'lict'b Guaranteed as low as any House
East Lnd ot CohimEiis Strc('t. Charleston. S. C.
LOWEST PRICES BEST WORK.
107
SIX JOLLY FELLOWSHIP PORTERS
OUR MUTUAL FRIEND.
: AST BAY
OIIAIM.KSTON. -^. G.
i: \^s I'Ai.i.; Ai.K .-.X I.|{ \i .,|fT. MEALS AT ALL HOURS.
Lunch trMiu 1 1 A M to 2 P M
Oyster^ Wine.s, Liquors, Cigars. Tobacco, etc., of best qualities.
BRANCH Ocean Paii Ceiiteiiiiial Hall, Siillivan^s Islaufl HOUSE
107
IMIM I()\ \l S! ( ONn I XPOSl RF.
*
A
GAS FITTER.
srs;A>F I iri!:i{ .\ !*ll Muiit,
No. 447 King Street, Charleston, S. C.
A liii«' a>surtint*nr (»t <ia> and K'.M-ostiu' ('HAM)KLIKKS and
SiLansion 3?ouse ^^^^^^^^ eerel-s^e,
Jiii/Kirtir mill MnnnOtrfurir i<f
T
li\ Mi>. K. ( Fl.N.NKV
Ill tin- itiiiiH'tlialf vi('inil\ ot \\w I5;iiiks
.iml ro^lotlire,
CHAKLKSTo.N, s. C.
Penuaiieiili Transient Boarders
I >i^'ii ol |}ic' «
BASKETS
And Deah'T in
TOYS AM) FAX( V (iooDs,
304 King Street,
» 1 onus .\l5o\ 1; WKNTWOirni.
Ctiarlestoii. S, C.
1 ii< «7(../y/»A/ !• iniiiuiic \V;iro-rr)(niis in
' li.-irlr-Icn. .-iinl in.iu' <>! Ailani ;m'i Kvt'"s
^ t.C.MILLfNGS,
Fiiiiiitnre Ware-rooiiis.
Kc. 21 D Ilirg Street,
( HAHLKS'l'O.N.
<'<)n>tantly iv-
('♦'lAinji- Tlif Latest
St>l»'s of I'urm-
A t HIT. ( 'olTins and
^' l^urial ( 'askt'ts ot
\\w most sn|)ei"l>
>T\1hs anil 1in.i>h.
- • BROAD STREET.
CHARLESTON, !S. C.
Representingr in FIRE DEPARTMENT first olass English and
MARIN LDLPARTMENT.-Mercantile Mutual Jnsuranc-; Cou.-
l)anv. .New \ ork. lorei-n and Coastwise Insurance effected to all
I)orts at r.','i^Miial)le rates
LIFE AND ACCIDENT DEPARTMENT, representing tlie Pion-
f nn. f^y^^ VV''^-i^^\^*^ Hartford, Conn. Everv available
lurni ul Ldc and Accident Insurance eirect(^d.
8 BROAD STREET, CHARLESTON. S. (\
O. A. BOWEN.
DANIEL RAVENEL.
E. P. JERVEY.
• "" W. (• !'..,. ^V Co.
LcinoiTs llcslnuraut.
OPPOSITE PAVILION HOTEL,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Fish, Oysters, and Game, u\ season.
E. W. PERCIVAL
MAXT'FAr'FT-TJFR np
}
CGORS, SASHES AND BLINDS,
I'ranies, Mouldin-rs. Brackets. Stair
Rails. Wood .Mant(ds. &c.
'oinp(>iiti()n and <iuality ol" work "Iclicil.
I 'net's Guiiiaiitoed as low as any lloiiso
East Enr] of CnJnmhim Strrr>t. Charleston, S. C.
LOWEST PRICES BEST WORK./
SIX JOLLY FELLOWSHIP PORTERS
OUR MUTUAL FRIEND.
107
AST
A Y
107
OJIAKTKSTON, S. CJ.
liASN PALE ALE ON DRALKiHT. MEALS AT ALL HOURS.
Lunch from 11 A. M. to 2 P. M.
Oysters. Wines, Liquors, Ci^'ars, Tobacco, etc., of best qualiti--
BRANCH Ocean Par!( CeiiteniiiarHall7s^^^^^^ islauS HOUSE
C U R I
\\y A nsORPTIOX !
H01.MAWS
LiTer M Ape Pat id Aiiiiliaries!
TORPID LIVER AND DISEASED STOMACH,
(vH i^Kli
.2
#■< . ■
5 ^^
- d '^
»« -^ Oj
^ *- ^
t; o -
2 ^^ f^
2 ^ "^
A -N 1 >
5. 3
3
\'\i\:\ i.> ri:i>
o .-^ '<
--^ ~. r* -1
7i -. "t "^t
'^ — V"' ^
— ■ ' 'r
3
T
S-2
All tlipse liav«» tlu'ir origin, direftly or indirectly, in the Stomach
or Liver: if you doubt it, send for Dr. Fairc liilds Lecture.
Regular P.il S2: f^pecial, S3. Plasiers. 50c,; Sails. 25c.
Specials are used in Complicated Oases, sent l>y ihhiI, on receipt
of price, free of charge. Salt is sent by express at txp- i\<(> of the
purchaser.
Consultations at our parlors or by letter free. Sei'ii it> parlor
for ladies, in charge of a lady attendant.
Wliolesale orders prom})tly executed, t^" T^'ware of imitations.
t^" None {Tannine hut the above.
HOLMAN LIVER PAD COMPANY,
< ' 'I'li'-r* K iiitr Hn<l NI .1 ik>: ^i
< harlt
■ston, S. C.
i
jA>fKN S. HVER,
!5 '^^ n ri^C*!^'*^ l^f^-^-^^
Ga.^ Clidodelicr^, Brackets, Pendants, M Kerosene Lamps,
82 Broad Street, under Carolina Hotel,
CHARLESTON. S. C.
PARRY, COOKE
J
CO.
J
c^
•^i.
riTZM* )Ki(!- .V T' ':-'rr.i;
a !ia^-rs.
Competition and Qualify of Work Defied
fc^ PRICES .:^:s
AS LOW AS LM ESTABLISHMENT SOUTH 1
IJooK .WD Cl'XI-.R.M. lo]^. PrIXI'IXG !
IMINIION \1 S! (OM) i;\P()Sl KH
CU RE r.N' A nSOl; I' IIUX !
Liver m km M M Aiixiiinnes'
■^ r\ —^ I ■, ■ •-'v -
VEr? A>3D DSr»!^ A!^?Tr> STO?^/IACH,
^ 1- ^
■^ -3 i,
iT X -
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Al! tli»*s<' liavr tlwii- «)ri^in. diii-rtly or indircrtly, in tlu* StoiiUK'h
or liivt-r. if vou (loiiht it, >v\\(\ tor I)r. Fair( liildV ]<<(tuu'.
Regular Pai, $2; Special, $3; Plasters, 50c., Salts, 25c.
SptM'ials <Mi"«' used in < 'oiiiplicatcd (.'a.'^cs. .^rnt •>>' mail, on rccript
of |>ri<n\ fre»' of char^«'. k*<alt i^ M'lit by ('.\i)n*(^s at t\\[)«'ns(' of the
purcliaser.
Consultations at our parlors or ])y letter free. Sei)arate parlor
for l.'idif's, in ehar^'e of a lady attendant.
Wholesale orders proni|)fly e\«'eut«'d. C;^" Heware of imitations.
t^V None ^t-nuine but the above.
HOLMAN LIVCR ?aD COMPANY,
('orner Kin}.;: and Market Sts., ( luirleston, S. C
FirriMORKlS ^ FOSTKU. Mana;j<Ms
flA>!S']S S
I \' \\ \l
Fitt^'r
V H "^ t. \
Wi H A V W A ^ W '^^ W< dim W * w -^^ A A i.
Gas Chaiiflellei's, Brackets, Peiidaiits, au^ Kerosene Laiims,
82 TJroad SircM't, iirdrr farolinri notfl,
CHARLESTON. S C.
RY, COO
c=iD
I / /
H
H
Competilion and Quality of Work Defied
. i^ PRICES ^2
0,f> vMV^*^"^' '*'?/>;
!- 1 ^ i
Book and Gknkral J oh Printing !
k
Mr8. A. J. Kennedy. Walt r 1 IJuff.
Nos. 252 to 256 King Street, Charleston, S. C.
This House, having been thoroughly renovated, is first-class in
every respect; is situated in the bend of King Htreet, in the most
fashionable portion of the city, convenient to all places of business
and amusement.
It*ar(i HJ |>«'r <!«> in hII partH «ir lh»' II«»ii««4>.
Persoutii Attention given to Guests of this Houye.
Carriages at depots and steamers to convey passen ;,'•!- t. i !i. house.
A J KF.^■\KI)^ .V CO. iM--[.n.T,,r^
S. B. THOMAS, Agent,
NO. ;,oS Kl\(i SI Rlin',
Windcv; Shades, Fapsr Hangings,
Cornices, I" i li'^ '!-i.t\ (,i..mU \- \\';ii<!,,\v Awuiues,
CHARLESTON, S. C.
WILLIAM SHEPHERD & CO-
2u ii.wxr: .K-
')2
MARKi: r sis..
\lhnU-xah' Jh.
House Furnishing Goods
TINNERS SUPPLIES, ETC.,
iHAi;i.i>r( )N'. s V
T. M. BRrSTOLIi,
250 King Street, Charleston, S. 0.
FIXE BOOTS .^XD SHOES
TRUNKS, BAGS, VALISES, ETC.
Sign of the Big Boot. V. O. 1 < • r.iers promi)tly attended to.
SAVANNAH, GA.
The first point of interest that greets the eye on ap-
proaching the moiitli of the Savannah River is Tybee
Lighthouse, situated on an island bearing the same name
about eighteen miles from the city. The island is a
pleasant summer resort, and is much frequented by visi-
tors during the heated term.
Foirr PULASKI.
Passing up the river about three miles from Tybee, we
come in sight of Fort Pulaski, which, as long as' one
brick remains upon another, will perpetuate the glorv
and valor of (>eorgia"s gallant soldiery. The work of
building this fort commenced in 1831, and was completed
sixteen years afterwards at a cost of nearlv a million of
dollars. The walls are seven feet and a half thick and rise
twenty-five feet above the water. It has five faces, sev-
eral of which were badly battered during the war, but
have since been repaired. The memorable siege of Fort
Pulaski commenced on the morning of the 10th of April,
1 8G2. Previous to the bombardment, an order was sent
by the Federal commander for the immediate surrender,
but Col. Olmstead, the commandant of the fort, answered
" I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it."
After a furious cannonading of a day and a half, from no
less than a dozen formidable batteries, which battered
the fort into a shapeless mass, the brave garrison surren-
dered.
We now continue up the river, which winds like a huge
serpent, pass Fort Jackson and numerous rice fields, and
finally land at the steamer's wharf, foot of Abercorn st.
K THE CITY.
Savannah is noted as being one of the most beautiful
cities of the South. It is situated on the south bank of
the river, on a bluff which rises fifty feet above the level
of tlie sea. It has a population of about fort}^ thousand
inlKil.iiants, contains many large handsome buildings,
and is divided by numerous wide streets and parks from
end to end.
REMINISCEXCES.
Ill ili(^ year i:3'>. King George II of England, granted to
James Oglethorpe and others, a charter separating that
track of country lying between the Savannah anl Alta-
9
.■:!■
u
46
A (tUidp: to
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
47
()
inaha Rivers from the province of Carolina, stating,
among other things, ''that many of liis poor subjects were,
through misfortunes and want of employment, reduced t
great necessities, and would be glad to be settled in any
of his Majesty's provinces of America, where by culti-
vating the waste and desolate lands, they might not onlv
^ain a comfortable subsistence, but also stivngthen hfs
Majesty's colonies, and increase the trade, navigation,
and wealth of his Majesty's realms : and that the pro-
vince of North America had been frequentlv ravage(l bv
Indian enemies, more especially that of South Carolina,
whose southern frontier continued unsettled, and lay
open to the neighboring savages ; and to relieve the
wants of said poor people, and to protect his Majesty's
subjects in South Carolina, a regular colony of the said
poor people should be settled and established on the
southern frontiers of Carolina." In November, ITo'.*, James
Oglethorpe with thirty-five families, -ibout one hundred
and twenty-five persons in all, sailed from London, and
in January arrived in Rebellion R )ads. at Charleston.
After a pleasant sojourn at Beaufort. S. C, the colonists
sailed for the bluff, which had been previouslv selected
by Oglethorpe, and landed there on the 1st of February,
17:3:j. They were met by a number of friendly Indians,
who presented them with gifts, and otherwise assisted
them in the work of clearing and settling the place. The
following summer one hundred and fifty more settlers
arrived, and the wards, streets and squares were desig-
nated, and named with appropriate ceremonies. The
building up of the town increased with even greater
rapidity than could reasonably be expected, and where
but a short time previous thick woods and a few wig-
wams stood, signs of civilization and diversified indus-
try became everywhere apparent. Here, in 17:]:}. Rev.
John Wesley preached his first sermon in America, taking
his text from the KJth chapter of 1st Corinthnns.
During the Revolution of "Tfi, Savannah occupied an
important place in the picture.
In 1778, General Robert Howe, the American comman-
der of the post, with one hundred regular troops and a
few hundred militia, after a spirited engagement was
compelled to yield to superior numbers, and the city fell
into the hands of the British. On the 1st of September,
1779, a French fleet under Count D'Estaing, appeared off
the coast, and sixteen days later being reinforced by the
arrival of troops from Charleston, the British garrison
was summonea to surrender. After twenty-four hours
consideration the summons was answered in the nega-
tive, and D'Estaing resolved to take the city by storm.
On the morning of the 0th of October, the French and
Americans moved against the works in three divisions.
The garrison having been informed of the plan of attack
through a deserter, the advancing columns moved under
a destructive fire. Notwithstanding tliis the flag of the
2d South Carolina Regiment was planted upon the works
by Lieutenants Bush and Hume, who were shot down and
the colors fell. Lieutenant Gray seized them, but met
with a similar fate, and it was here that the gallant Ser-
geant Jasper nn-eived his death wounrl in bearing them
nloft, and from the fatal field. The assault proved a
failure, and among the killed was Count Pulaski, and
other valuable officers. On the IvHh of July, 178'>. the
town was evacuated and surrendered to the Americans,
and was made a city by Act of the Legislature in De-
cember. 1 780. ■
PRP:sENT CONDITION.
Savannah at present is in as pros{)erous a condition as
any city in the South, and besides being the second
largest cotton port in the United States, does a large busi-
ness in the shipment of timbei'. rice, naval st<^res, etc.
It is connected with the interior and North and West by
the Georgia Central Railroad, and with the South bv the
Atlantic and Gulf Road. There are also steamer "lines
running to New York. Baltimore, Boston. Philadelphia,
and Florida.
The principal streets running across are Bay. Congress,
Broughton. South Broad, and Liberty. Those running
from north to south, are East and West Broad. Houston.
Habersham. Abercorn. Bull. Whitaker. Barnai'd. Jeff(^r-
son. and Montgomery. On Bay street are found the
^vholesale grocery, liquor and tobacco (lealers. commis-
sion merchants, custoiiihouse. banks, etc. The dry goods
and fancy stores are located on Broughton strc^et. while
a miscellaneous colle^-tion of hanhvare. boot and shoe,
leather finding and stationery stores, wholesale and re-
tail, flourish on Congress street. The most attractive
thoroughfare, however, is Bull street, which leads to
Forsyth Park. Here are found many beautiful resi-
dences, with cultivated gardens, churches, public build-
ings, parks, etc.
CHURCHES.
The <-hurches of Savannah are numerous, costlv and
attractive, and are illustrative of the fact that the various
Christian denominations are well represented. The Epis-
(;opal religiim was* established by Henry Herbert, D. D.,
who came over with the settlers in ]7'S:]; the Lutheran^
R
48
A GUIDE TO
V
first by the Slazburgers, in 1774; and afterwards, in 18'.>4
by Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, 8. C: the Presbvterian,
by Key J. J. Zubly, in 1755; the Methodist, by Rev.
bamiiel Dunwoody, and other divines, in ISOO; the Bap-
tist and Catholic, about the year 18(J0. The first Jewish
Synagogue was built at the corner of Libertv .n i \\!,i ta-
ker streets in 1815. The most beautiful chuVri, edifice in
Savannah, and possibly in the South, is tiie Catholic
Cathedral, situated at the corner of Abercorn and Har-
ris streets. It is built in ornamental Gothic stvle, with
elegant and spacious interior accommodati(>n^\\n)able
of seating one thousand persons. III. altai^ tin re in
number, are constructed of white marble and elni.Miately
tinished. The building is yet unlini^h. 1. hut xvii-n com-
pleted will present a rich, roughcast exterior u iili i-inted
towers iron rail work, etc. The corner ston. wa. laid in
^ovembpr 1873, and the dedicatir.]i ceremonies u . ,. n.^.
formed A|a-il 30th, 1870.
The Independent Presbytekl\n rm k, ,, situated at
the corner of South Broad an.] null streets, is also another
costlystructure, noted for its arcliitecturnnM. ant V \niMno;
others are St. John's. KpiRcnpal; Trinitv, Meth/.JiM bap-
tist, and Jewish SynagM^u..
MoM'^fKNTS.
The appreciation of the poop],, of SavaiinnJ! Tmi- valor
•and true merit, has caused ih.- rr-.'iion ,,f ^rv.-i-al l.^an-
tiful marble memorials, which einiKllisii the ciiv n, 'i,t.
fei-fiit places.
Gkkkn-k Mcntment.— Tlii^ i. a piaiii ul.r!i>ral marhl.-
-luitr, u-!Tli.,nT in^'TiptiMii. placed in Johns^a -^(piaf It
was erected m m-niMrv ,,f Gen. Natliaiii.-! (iivm.- in
1829, andisalx.ut tifT\- f>-^-r tiii^li.
Pri.A-Ki Ar^M \iknt.— This costly ceii-iaph n.-r^ trMin
tiie center_of M'Miterey s<pia!'". .m^l i- aU.. alM^it fifty
feet in hr'io-lit. The cai-\ in- at ilie coria-rs cf tlir .lie
repre.->taiT- reversed cani]..ii. TJiat ^-n tlir n.a-tli sid.' repre-
sents a ^v.imdfM] soldhi' laliiiig fiMin his pranrin^,^ war
•steed . th- iii-^rnption on the south ^ide ivads as folT.ws;
**PULA.ski. whu fell mortallv Wf^ind^d ti^litin-'- for
-American liberty at the siege of .^axaniiah. :'?!! ( )(•?.. i.rr
1770:" on the east side, inscribed in large leti. r^. i^ the
nam. PuLASKi 'Wvo sides of the cornice are ornana nt.d
^Mth The shields of Poland and Georgia. In-rdrr.-J unh
iMMii.lies of laurel, over which is an ea-h . the svinhMlJc
bird ui America and Poland, while tli. pxrami.fal -liafi
is surmounted with the Goddess of Liberty
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
49
Confederate Monument.— This beautiful and inter-
esting memorial, erected bv the ladies of Georgia, and
situated towards the centre of the Park Extension, is in
every way suggestive of the touching words :
" There resteth to (Georgia a ^lorv,
A glory that .shall not grovi^id ;
There reiiiaiiieth to Georgia a storv,
A tale to be chanted and told !
They have gone to their graves grim and gory,
The beautiful, brave and bold;
But out of the darkness and desolation
Of the mourning lieart of a widowed nation,
Their memory waketh an exultation."
As near as we can describe it, the monument consists
of brown frame work, elegantly carved from base to top,
with an arching center, in which stands the figure of
" Silence." On one of the panels we read.
To the Confederate Dead. 18G1— 1SG5.
Oil another,
•' Come from the four ivinds of heaven O Breath, and
breathe vpon these shun that they may live.''
On the side facing the Park is the figure of a woman,
stihliin.- Mi I lie sadness of her expression, representing
the Soli! h 111" •nrning.
( hi the to
nth.-r. stan
with trumpet in one hand and scroll in the
tla' Tnio-hty angel " Resurrection."
FOR-VTH PARK.
Every one who stops at Savannah should visit thi^
encliaiiting spot. It is really a terrestrial paradise, l)Ut
ni the center, instead of the tree of life, a gushing foun-
laiii v;(>nds fortli its refreshinf^- streams, which fall in
luiui-l -pray tn iniprarl the flowoT's Inflow. The statelv
trees on liMtli mJos of the centi'al slioll walk arc survivors
of the }.] nnitive forest, and form a miniature wood from
which thr lards of spring pour forth their sweetest livinns
-f piaise. The main entrance is guarded by two bronze
sphinxes, and a short distance further to the right is a
smail statue of the w in Lced god Mercury, with caduceus
in iiaiid.
WATER Works.
The water works to be found on the western side of the
Ogeechee Canal, su])ply water to the distributing reser-
voir located mi Frankhn sqtiare, about half a mile dis-
tant from the Works. The works force the water into
the distributing reservoir at an elevation of one Inmdred
feet, and at the rate of over one thousand gallons a nnn-
ute. By means of pipes running through the streets and
houses, the city receives a constant and abundant sup-
j>l\ of pure, fresh water.
r>o
a guide to
cemp:teries.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
Lalrel Grove.— Twenty-six years have passed awav
since the dedication of this hallowed spot. Beneath its
sward he the remains of Savannah's hest citizens who
have been gathered to their final rest hv the silent reaper
whose name is -Death." The ImriarMnmnds cover an
area ot ten acres, and are consi)icuous for the number of
costl>' and elegant monuments wliich adorn them In
the Confederate soldiers lot. and that portion marked the
Men ot Gettysburg." lie side by side in like an av. as
A\ hen the clarion notes bade them rush to glorv o'er the
grave the patriot soldiers of a vaiKiuished cause. Here
they sleep m sweet oblivion but unforgotten, for at the
(lawn ot earJi vernal season myriads of
•' B'uitifiil fe-t \v:t'i Ml li 1 miIv tr.McI
()fferiii<rs briii^' to tlie gallant dead."
BovAVENTrKE.— For sublime grandeur of scenerv. Bon-
aventure Cemetery is not surpassed bv any place of the
kind in the world. The arching and moss-dVooping trees
wi h their long branches trailing over ihr tombs, ^uv said
to have been planted by Col. John Mulrvne in irr,i in the
form of the letters M. and T.. the initials of his daughter
Mary, and her husband. Mr. Josiah Tatnall, of Charles-
ton. The cemetery is situated on the Thunderbolt Road
about three miles from the citv. ^vuau,
PUBLIC BUILDINii.^. ^
The principal ])ublic buildings iu the citv are the Ex-
change. HLs^oncal Society Building, Courthouse, Poor-
house and Hospital Medical College, Customliouse, Or-
phan Asylum, and Bank of the State of Georgia
Hanks.— The banks now in operation are the Central
. Railroad, Merchants' National, and Savannah Xational
SUBURB \\ lir^:soRTS.
The suburban resorts, all of which are well worth visit-
ing, are located as follows :
Tybee Island is at the entrance to the Savannah River
and 18 miles from the City of Savannah: and from tie
Ocean House there is a fine view of the hundreds of ves^
sels tliat are constantly arriving at and departing from
nteflvf ^f"'^" cotton port. A new and Vast steamer
pl.vs dailA between the city and tlu^ island, and a tram-
road, passing through beautiful groves of })almetto oak
ducted"?; Tc'^vV^'" "^^"1 7''^] '^'t ^^^^^'" House,' con-
(lucttd by A. G. \ banez, and lands the guest.at its very
51
doors. A telegraph line, always in operation, affords
facilities for prompt communication with all parts of the
world.
Be'Ihesda, signifying a "'House of Mercv," about ten
miles from the city.
Thunderbolt, containing several hotels and a number
^ pretty summer residences, five miles southeast of the
city.
White Bluff, on the Vernon River, about ten miles
distant.
Jasper Springs, so called on account of a famous ex-
ploit of Sergeant Jasper, where, by a well planned stra-
tagem, he, with a single companion, captured a corporal
and eight men of the British army, is situated on the Au-
gusta Road, about two miles from the city.
iiuTELS AM) l>()Ai;i)J.N(T HOUSES.
•
Among the larger hotels of Savannah are the Marshall,
Screven and Pulaski Houses, and Pavilion Hotel.
Pavilion. — This iK.})ular haUA is situated at the corner
of South Broad and Bull streets, the most desirable loca-
tion ill the city. It is recessed in the rear of a pleasant
garden, contains thirty-live sleeping apartments, ]);ith
room.s, parlors, etc. The tables are supplied with the
luxuries of the season, and are extensive enough for the
acc'inniodation of seventy-five persons.
Mrs. Sawyer's Boarding House.— This is really a
hotel upon a small scale. It contains twenty-three rooms,
m11 hnudsomely furnished and carpeted, ornamental par-
lur.s. dressing rooms, etc. It has a back stairwav bv
which ])ersons could descend in case of fire, and an ele-
vator i.\ vhich invalids may be conveyed to the third
story. There are also furnished apartments for families.
a spacious and pleasant dining room and bath accommo-
'!;iti <us. The situation is on the corner of Brougliton and
1 '! I \ ton streets. *
Mrs. S \v \(^e.— In front of Orleans Square, at the cor-
ner of Tliii! and Barnard streets, is the boaMling house of
.Mr>. John Savage. This is rather a unicaie looking
building, and has one of th(^ handsomest shaped dining-
rooms in the city. The location is pleasant and quiet. It
contains twenty-five rooms, a comfortal)le parlor and out
buildings. Everything here is conducted in first-class
order.
Mrs. Ki k!xs.— This house is also pleasantly located on
York stifeL, three doors east of Barnard. Tlie bed rooms
are well ventilated and warm in the winter season. It
contains an extensive parlor and dining room, south piaz-
zas on the second and third stories, bath rooms, etc.
52
A GUIDE TO
Mrs. WiTHiNdTON's, 108 South Broad street, in easy
reach of two hnes of city railway, with bath rooms ami
all the necessary conyeniences.
Mrs. Jones. -This house, No. I(;;j York street, is hand-
somely and carefully furnished throughout. The apart-
ments are spacious and adapted to the comfort of those
seeking the mild climate of the South.
Florida Hm'sE, located on BrouKhton street, next to
tlie Marshall House, is under the superyision of Airs 1
Clay, who thoroughly understands the art of catering \o
the wants of the hotel seeking public.
^i^"^" .^^S^*L•"1^^''^^';'^^''^' ^'*'- ^•^■' Broughton street, is
well established, and furnishes good, substantial board
at reasonable rates.
BUSINESS HOUSES.
^rS^^^.r^"^^ & Pol'RXelle, booksellers and stationers,
ISO U2 Broughton street, constant supply of stationery
and fancy goods kept on hand. -
Wylly & Clarke booksellers and stationers, wholesale
and retail cornc^r of Whitaker and St. Julian streets.
He^ can be found the argest supply of books, chromos.
mks> periodicals, etc., in the city
chmit^' ^^''^^^^^> ^^y ^^^^^t, rice and commission mer-
crickery: eU'"^^^^^' ^^'^ Broughton street, importer of
.J;,i^'^''"f^^ "^ ^'''\ Uo Broughton street, jobbers and
retailers ot dry goods, fancy articles, etc. Tourists will
find here eyerything m the line of dry goods of the best
quality, and seryed by attentiye and polite clerks
Jos. E LoisEAU & Co.. 118 Broughton street, hair
store. The attention of the ladies is "specially calhn to
this emporium where braids, wigs, curls, hair'generally
and toilet articles are kept on hand, and all kinds of hair
work executed in the latest styles.
A. L. Desbouillons, No. '.>rBull street, jewelry estab-
hshment. Besides all articles in the line of iiwelrv
many noyel Florida curiosities can be seen at this place*
Among the specialties are sleeye buttons made of alliga-
beans,''etc: ' ''^^^ ^''^'''''^'^'' ^^'^^"^^ ^•^"^^' ^^^
Cunningham & Hewes, wholesale grocers and ship
chandlers, corner Bay and Drayton streets ^
i-t?p".!/'V ^^,^'^"'^-^^ & Co. dealers in cigars and tobacco,
lU Hnv street, Sayannah, Gci.
-M. K Foley & Co., grocers, corner Barnan] and
Broughton streets, Sayannah, Ga.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. .^3
Joseph B. Ripley, commission merchant. 118 Bay st.
R. H. Footman & Co., insurance agents, 118 Bay st.
NURSERY GARDENS.
Noble's Greenhouses.— Here is a place where a pleas-
ant hour may be profitably wiled away. The nursery
iiid garden are situated in the rear of Sladison Square
and contain rare specimens of numerous bij-ds, aliye and
stuffed, gold fish, flowers, hot houses, etc. '
Savannah Nursery.— This place is located iust outside
of the city on the White Bluff road, a few minutes walk
trom the terminus of the city railway. Those who are
fond of anthology will have ample scope for study and
amusement here. About ten acres are planted in tube
roses, and under a thousand feet of glass are exotics and
domestic plants of every description.
RICE MILL.
On the water front in the western portion of the city is
tbe large steam rice mill of Messrs. Habersham & Co""
1 his place has all the facilities for pounding, cleanino-'
and preparing rice foc^ shipment. A large number Sf
workmen are kept constantly employed, and the rice
when s()l(l, can be shipped from the large storehouses at
the water s edge.
RAILROAD LINES TO FLORIDA.
From Sayannah. to Florida and Southern Georgia we
y,^^}^}^' -1^'^ established and pioneer line, the Atlantic and
(jrult Railroad, still up with the times in all that minis-
ters to the comfort and conyenience of the trayeler
whether tourist or inyalid. Its elegant equipment— Pull-
man palace Sleepers and spacious and sumptuous Parlor
cars— Its smooth and safe track, extensiyely renewed
recj^ntly with steel rails— its double daily train service
and liglitnmg si)eed of trains, all combine to make the
last stage in the trip to Florida the pleasantest of all No
weary waiting for the lifting of the fog to go ahead— no
"rough weather outside" to stop its passengers, but on-
ward they fly on the wings of the wind, while the eyer-
sjiifting and beautiful panorama of the scenery of the
Flowery Land unfolds itself before the delighted gaze of
those who, in the choice of their routes, have wisely fixed
on this. " '
NEWSPAPERS.
The Morning News, a large and well conducted Demo-
cratic daily.. IS published at No. .3 Whitaker street The
News has an extensiye circulation throughout Florida is
under the management of the proprietor, J. H Estill
Esq., and edited by Col. W. T. Thompson. ' ' '
10 ^
I •
All Eail to riorida !
■ m
■ ■ ■'
Miiilii ml Mi Riiliii ,
--•-■^-^^ V*-%J
Double Daily Train Service
c ■ :'■ - ^m-
Javannali and |ack5onville !
U LI. MAX P.ilace Sl.vpers aiiJ
SjMLious aiiil S;iiiipt!i'ni< 1^,'ii-li.r
Cars, without ch.intre, to I'loiula. ^
SMOUl'll 11;. LCK! ^.IFET)' l:i:. IhT^'
m- SPEED. SAFETY. AND COMFORT! .m
l^ Be sure your Tickets read ..^J
ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD
Ih. ()XI.\- Ai.l.-KAII. RMute
To FLORIDA.
H. S. Il.MXES, J AS. L. iA\ 1,(jK.
Ge7ieral SicfL Geiil I 'u,,. AgL
J. H. CiKIFFIX, Passenger Agent.
S:^^
V
E
SAVANNAH AND CHARLESTON.
.ViUlrubb,— -Savannah, Ga,
MRS. P. N. WITHINGTON
)
'~^fi-fEieBoBf3im0S©-as@
•►
No. 1 08 Sou ill Broad Street,
2 doors from Drayton Street,
f
Importer of
CROCKERY,
140 Bi'oiigliioii Street,
SAVANNAH, GA.
QUANTOCK & POURNELLE,
Fftnti'T'ly with John 31. Cooper cS: Co.,
Booksellers and Stationers,
o-^^
Fancy Goods^ die.
No. 132 Broughton Street, Savannah, Ga.
Geo. T. Qiiantoek James G. Pournelle.
IMKMION \I S! ( OM) KXPOSIRF
All Eail to Florida !
■ m
■ ■
IK
I LI
J
1 ^
idll! lid
■-•-.-.vv^-.
— ^ - .i<«^*-*-
?
Double Daily Train Service
c ■ ■ ^^
• '^
\iumi\ and Jacksonville!
^ '^ ' )' ^^ I'cilacc Sleepers and
S7)aci()us and Sumptuous l\irl()r
Cars, without chano-e, to r^lorida.
SMOOTH TllLCK! SAFETY lUlAKES !
STE EL II I TLS ! F, 1ST TIME!
IW SPEED. SAFETY, AND COMFORT 1 Ml
tS^ Be sure your Tickets read Ml
ATUNTIC AND GULF RAILROAD
The UN \.\ AM.-kAl I. Route
To FLORIDA.
H. S. HAINES,
General Suf t.
J. H. GRIFFIX
JAS. L. lAVLOR,
Geiil Pass. Ao'f,
Pa ssen oer A o-a: i.
r^ f\ I
■^si
W. I>, WAPJLES
SAVANNAH hm CHA
I J!
Address,-— Savaxxah, Ga.
MRS.P.N. WITHINGTON,
^:r^
No. io8 South Broad Street,
2 doors from Drayton Stretjt,
KAVAlSr>. All, C^A
A
TAN. S. Nl L>' A
Importer of
n
CRO
i\
p
Y ETC.
140 Brougliton Street,
SAVANNAH. GA.
0UANTOC!{ k n
ii» ,!kJt mm
FfiniK'i'ly witli John M ('i.eDcr «.\L T'o.,
)
Booksallars and
f>i-<^i-
k A
Fancy Goods^ d^c.
No. 132 Brou^^hton Street, Savannah, Ga.
(tpo. T. (^UiiiitocU " JaiiH'v (i. l>()unie!i.'.
CrXXfXGHA^I & HE WE 8,
SIT(^r!ESS(^R8 TO
0LAGHD3N & CUHNIHGHAM.
A.NU
SHIP CHAXDLERS,
Ooraer Bay aud Drayiuu Sts..Savriiii;a'i. Ga.
Inr-irl D'lshr
i- iiiiii. n . inisrn .
1. !>\snf:ii ^^ CO.
Johhers and RetailcrH of
JRY
::)
FANCY GrOons. /rosrERv.,
- *" — — __ o.., _. ,, . — ...... .j:. . :v .r.ar.. a.i.
Periaiieut and Tfaiisieiit Boarding,
MRS. JOHN SAVAGE.
ORLEANS SQUARE.
Corner Hull and )
N M w H M i\i A ri T- A
ORAXOE CANE8, t<EA BKAN8, ALLIGATORS" TKRTH —
iiioimtfd in Sleeve Buttons, Kar-rin^'s. Sets, etc. SllKU, iin<1
FISH SCALE JEWELRY, lenflyiiiiule and to order, at the
JEWEIBY EST7-lBilSKMX]\T
A. L. DESBOUll.LONS,
21 Bull Sfrrrt opposite Screven House,
SAVANNAH, CA.
ak%
1^
i:?^, ijn
Fa?
1
]
J
Ifi ti Fliri
u
STRICTLY INSIDE ALL THE WAY
Gi,i)RGiA AND Florida
IKLAND STEftMBO/lT COMPMlf.
Slemmer €lly «{ Brlig el«»
»
H FLKHTWOOI), roiumander,
W ill Iravv Suvaiuiali K\"KKV irF.SDAY and S.\TUKI).\Y, at 5
!■ M,, for St. Calliiiriii.''-, i),.lM,y. Darifii. St. Sini< (iTs. Hrinihwick,
Si .M;ir\V. |\Tiiaihliiiit. Jack.v.aivilU-. I'alatka, and all points oil
Si . J ■ .liii > Kixcr.
STi:A.\n:R dax'idclark,
.1 \VH rri". ( iiiiiinander,
Will leave Savanna h , v.rv THrilSDAY at 10 .\. M., for St Patlm-
rino's, Dohoy, 1ii;..m Maud. 1 )ari»'n. St. Sini()n\s. Hrun.^wick St
.Mary's, Fei-naiidina. and all point- on Satilla Rivpr. '
Dif ahovf .-O'iunrr.-^ conn.^.-t at Brunswick with M. & }?. and P.
A .\ Kaih-nads tor all pi.im- in Si)utliwe.st <te<^rtria. At St. Marv"-'
N^itti .M.-.mi.Tv f,,,- point- (ai St. Mary's River. At Fernandiim wfth
\-^'.^\\ I. r. Co.- Radroad for Waldo, Starke. Gainesville,
id'iai.^i.M. ('.'(Jar K.-y-,, and all jxtints on this roatl. Also with
steaiiar- at Cednr Key- (or Key West, Tampa and Manatee At
Jark-.eivill.- with V (' R. R.. .1., ]>. ^ M. R. R. f„r Lake (^itv and
Jill pc^inis on tln'-.> road-. At Palatka with steanu-rs for the Upi)er
St. John s and < )kla\\aha Ri\.'r-. .\t Tocoi with St. John's R. R.
tor St. Au^-n-t 111.', and at St. Aui;-iistine with steamertj tor New
Sniyrna and all j)oiiiT.- (»n liajian River.
Throii-d hiiu ladui- i:i\-.!i and throui,di tickets sold to ahovo
ponit-. For ireight or i>ci.s.->a^'e, apply ut Uflfic*' No, 5 Stoddard'.s
Uppei Kaiige.
J. S. LAWRENX^E.
*^ General Manager.
.w
AlK.^^ il. K. SAWYER'S
^ f . In tluj JXew BuihiiriiT fronting South,
•' * SA\'A N N A ] I ( r A.
VW Is pr.par.d to funnsh Guests with UockI Acconuuodation..^
TP^RMH REASON \;m p
WYLLY 4 CLAEKB,
SuccossOT-s to J. M. Ooc,!-.-! .s: to.
3ooksoIIers and Stationers,
C(*flffV/fe;!{aJ;cTs;i,1S!,JflliaflStekS:,F^i!ii,Ua^
:•/
AcrentM for \VAI>J'iN l>n,itinu' hh-I
''ARTKR-^ Writio.: IXKS.
Hava>^xah Nur
WIMTF VAXW K(i.\|i.
^ C. KJESLfNG, rFlOPftlBTOK.
-AM1>-
Address 32 Bull .Street S,,.. ,„„,,!!. C,
MRS. J, E. ELKINS,
Vork St., 3 doors S-.-uh ul" HariMn!
. ■ - SAVANNAH, GA.
Psrmsncnt an: TranGisnt Boarding.
A ILEASANT SEASIDE RESORT.-SAPE SURF BATHING
<'> O E A^ N H C> XJ s E
TVHKI-: iM.\N-p '
„•.,.,• , GEORGIA.
(18 Miles from Savannah.)
..| '• .'m .';; Tl.Mst of'Sav Ts™"' ^■°''"V« Z^" ^*''"^"« Ocean, wa,
l>-«n ,„ad wh ch niak?if n Ih """ ''^'* '""■*."" additions have
a,„l the i/nlenflessee guarrnierth„f''/fj°'''^'''"'' ''",'' '"<'''^'^"*-
;rti;^ ',.'::: 'y^^i^- ^*i ^^^^ ^=i;;;? ;s s^
:/; ,:rd;^' S^^-^^'-^-
.fi'iK) oer \SMHk tiofwi «V: 1 liatlimg. Board per day
H( riists Fnr fwi Special arraut^ements made uith excur-
. .mn^ts. I or furthtM ; ,m rticulars address A. G. IB v \ EZ
J_<>_Addr. ... ..„ vaniiah, Ga. Proprietor Ocean House
HAIR STORE.
118 2rongh:on Street, between Bull and Drayton,
SAVANNAH, (i \
;V;:p^xr:;;.;;;i;^3onii;i;i;;^'^or;l;i ii,'-- ^i:!'.!;^"^!^
PRIVATE BOARDING.
o -
Hrou
TERAf<; RKA^^DX \Tn.E.
NOBLE'S GF.EENHOUSES AND ICE CREAM HARDEN,
.1/. I hi Si KK SO UARE, h I ' LL sii: i: i: T,
I'lintx C,:: I •lowers. Gold Fish. Canaries, and Birds
of all kinds.
X .|:i,i- . ''i'l;>;<>vod ]^ua hivis-oratof. and prepare,! iloek-
Mi-lm.i f.,o,l. B,r(l-raK(vs, Hanffins-I.Askets, etc.
A 1 ) I . I , h H
*« ■» , «« s« ,
Msll3nvil.i9
LINE
INLAND ALL THE WAY.
SK.Ml WlfA.K I.V.
For St. Ccitliarip.c^, D<:)l)()v. Darirn,
Union Island, bt. Simon's, lirunswii k. uij St.
Mary's, (}a., Fernandina, jacks. )n\r!lr. .nul
all points on St. John's River, ILi.
WEEKTV
Forai! i.a^liiiL:- rr,] th.- Satilla Ri\aT.
THE i.f W i'Ui.»L)RF. <ll}\: \V(iKi;L
Steamer ROSA!
Captain 1'. H. \\ AlLl),
Will leave wharf foot Dravtoii stroet, at 4 oV.lock i'. M.. K\ Kin
lUESDAY. FOR FLORIDA, tonohin- at St. Catharine's. 1>..1m,v.
Lruou Island, Darien, St. SiniotrH and Brunswick, coim.< tiiiic
^^t)*^^/}' at Brunswick, with steamer Carrie, Capt. Joe Stint h. f, ,r
M. MaryV. Fernandina, Jack^sonville and all points <>n FL li la
Central and Jack.sonville, Penwicola and Mobile itnlrM.!., and St
John's River.
For Satilla every Thursdav at 4 o'clock P. M , ton,fiin" nt ;dl iti
terniediate landings.
conm:cti' »nn.
At Darien with stea«iers for the Alt^niaha, Ocn.ui-. . ^uid U-o-
nee Rivers.
At Brunswick with Macon and P^M!-^^i,.k mti-I T^>niii^\vi.-k a; d
Ait.nny Railroads.
At Jacksonville for New Brittain, New Snivma and Datona.
A^ I oeo! with St. .John's Railroad for St. Au<,^stine.
A: J'aiatka for Oklawaha River and ['inm^ Ink.- ..r f *r,.^,.,.Mf
City.
At Wekiva River with steamer Mav Flower for Clav Sf r i.- . i !
all [xiints on tb.' K'ver.
At Saniord lui Lake JesHuj) and all iK>ints on Upper St ff.li >'>
and Indian River.s.
TiMMi-h low ratcsof freij^rht and p.us.s;^-e and bills of latliiiir
!r!\ n U) all ix)ints.
! vights for xVltanuiUa, Ocnndgee and Oconee i::\ rrs luust Im?
prepaid.
Freiglit receiveil daily, Sundays excepted.
, ., W F n AIUIV \ • nt
.1. H SMITH. Manam-er.
O. S. BENSON, Oeticral Bu.siness Airent.
PASCUA FLORIDA.
Passing the mouth of the St, Mary's River, which at
tlie coast (lividf'S Geort^ia from Florida, we enter the
waters winch lave the hanks (^f the '" Flower^' Land; the
land of the orange tree, the pine and the cyi^ress: the
sequestered home of the wily Seminole." While gazing
upon its heautiful shores, and drinking in the delicious
air which floats athwart the main, as soft and as fragrant
as the perfumed gales of Arahy. we can almost fancy to
ourselves that the veteran cavalier. Ponce de Leon, was
right, and that somewhere amid the wild morass is to he
found the fountain whose translucent stream will per-
petuate youtli and health, consign care to ohlivion, and
open to our longing eyes a joyous future, from which the
sunlight of happiness will never depart.
The early history and discover}^ of Florida, has already
been alluded to in the opening of this work.
In the year lolt>. Juan Ponce de Leon, then Governor
of Porto Rico, actuated by the belief that somewhere in
the direction of the setting sun. the fabled Fountain of
Perpetual Youth was to be found, fitted out three ships
and set sail for its discovery. On the '^Tth of March, of
the same year, he arrived off the coast of Florida, and
charmed with the grandeur of its scenery, its rich foliage
and clustering wild flowers, and owing to the fact that
he discovered it on Easter Sunday. (Pascua Florida.) on
the lid of April he took possession of the land in honor
of his sovereign, and gave it the name which it now
bears. On his return, he was rewarded by the Crown
with the title of "Governor of Florida." and ten years
afterwards, while making a second visit, he was attacked
by the natives, who drove his men back to the ships, and
inflicted upon him a wound, from the effects of which he
<lied after his arrival in Cuba.
DE NARVAEZ.
On the F^th of April, 152.S, Pamphilo de Xarvaez landed
on the west coast of Florida, near Tampa Bay. with a
force of three hundred men and forty-five horses, and de-
termined to penetrate into the heart of the country in
search of the untold wealth which he believed the country
■ possessed. After suffering great hardships from want of
12
$\
62
A GUIDE TO
food and attacks from the natives, who disputed every
inch of ground, and losing all hopes of heing again able
to find their ships, they set to work constructing barges
out of whatever material thev could gather, and in Sep-
tember set out from a place which thev called the Bay of
Caballos, and after days of tempestuous weather, 'the
barks became separated, some of them lost, until the
number was reduced to one hundred souls. The majoritv
of these, with Xarvaez. finally perished from hunger and
the arrows of the natives. Of the survivors. De Vaca and
three of his companions succeeded in reaching Mexico.
FERNANDO DE SOTO.
This celebrated nobleman of Spain, who had distin-
guished himself with Pizarro in the conquest of Peru,
with a splendid retinue of a thousand men and three
hundred and fifty horses, landed at Tampa Bav on the
25th of May, 15:30. De Soto passed thi'ough a large por-
tion of that territory which now forms the Southern
States, and after many difficulties and adventures reached
the Mississippi River, where he died, and was buried be-
neath the waters.
THE HUGUENOTS.
Although in the year 1559 the Spanish monarch made
another attempt to settle Florida, and entrusted the expe-
dition to Don Tristan de Luna, still this, like the rest,
proved a failure; the first permanent settlement was
made by the Huguenots under Rene de Laudonniere, a
companion of Ribault, who two years previous had at-
tempted a settlement at Port Royal, Soutli Carolina.
About the year 15(14, Laudonniere landed at the site where
St. Augustine now stands, but on the day following en-
tered the St. Jolin's River, and ]>lanted his colony on a
bluff at its mouth. Here Fort Cai'oline was erected, the
remains of which, it is said, are still tu be traced. While
arrangements were being made in France to increase and
render more permanent this colony, the news reached
Spain that the Huguenots were about to seize Florida, to
which the Spaniards claimed exclusive right on account
of prior discovery, and, to thwart this i i ipose, Pedro
^lenendez, encouraged by Philip the Secon 1. tittedx)ut an
expedition, and in August, 1565, landed on the coast of
Florida, with twenty-four vessels and nearly ihnu^ thou-
sand followers. Learning that the Huguenot >ci dement
was only a few leagues distant, Menendez set out at once
for the fort, and after capturing it murdered the garrison,
sparing neither the women nor the children. About three
years afterwards, this inhuman* act was avenged by
Dominic de Gourges, a brave adventurer of Gascony. He
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
63
completely surprised the Spanish garrison at the fort, and
those who were not slain in the conflict, he hanged to the
very trees from which his own countrvmen had been
executed. Menendez being called to Spain, left the colonv
in charge of a relative, the Marquis de Menendez, and
regarding its increase and success, we shall further speak
in our description of St. Augustine.
CLIMATE, ETC.
The following abstract of a report of the Florida Branch
of the International Chamber of Commerce of London,
furnishes all necessary information with regard to cli-
mate, healthfulness, agricultural resources, etc.
CLIMATE AND HEALTHINESS.
•* The annual mean temperature of Florida is 70.95 de-
grees Fahrenheit. The average temperature in winter is
<;(! degrees, making the climate the most equable of any
in the United States, Its peculiar geographical position,
nearly surrounded by the ocean and tempered bv the gulf
stream, makes it warm in winter and cool in summer.
Frost occurs seldom even in winter, and in the southern
portion of the Peninsula is Unknown. The summers are
long, but the nights are cool, while the regular sea-breezes,
and frequent showers, temper the heat of the dav. The
distinctive features of the climate is its healthfulness.
There are localities which are malarious, but bv a judi-
cious selection of location this evil may be whollv avoided.
As an evidence of the universal salubrity of the r-]imate^
the fact is stated on the authority of a well known phy-
sician from the North, and a resident of the State for
nearly forty years, that nearly all the children horn here
live to niaturitij. The diseases which prove so fatal else-
where, such as consumption, bronchitis, pneumonia diph-
theria, typhoid fever, etc. , seldom occur, and when they
do occur, are of a very mild type.
AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.
Florida lands are classified into pine lands, hummock
lands, "scrubs." sw^amps and savannas— pine and hum-
mock comprising more than three-fourths of the entire
area. ! ) ninmock is that which is covered by the different
hard woods. The prevalent forest growth is yellow pine,
and its soil is light and sandy. These lands, owing to
the climate, are far more fertile than the same character
of soil elsewhere. The fact is, that the fertilization re-
quired at the North to produce forty bushels of corn per
acre, on apparently similar soil here, will yield from two
to three thousand pounds of sugar. " Scrubs •' are high
64
A GUIDE TO
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
65
rolling- lands of light dry sandy soil, and of inferior char-
acter compared to the pine land?, yet with proper fertil-
izing yield ahundantly many semi-tropical fruits. The
savannas are low-lying lands, very rich, but valuable
only as they were reclaimed. TJiis can be done easily,
when their fertility equals that of any known lands.
The swamps are low wet lands, frequently covered by a
heavy growth of cypress timber, which makes them very
valuable, and when reclaimed they possess a marvellous
fertility. Besides, they furnish one of the best fertilizers
for the pine lands.
WIDE RANGE OF CROPS.
Usually, whatever may be the attractions and induce-
ments offered by any particular State or section, the im-
migrant will be confined within the narrow limits of tlie
usual range of crops characteristic of tliat section; and
the prospect of even a light enlargement of that range or
scope of crops would be recognized as an inducement of
great power. Other things being nearly equal, few in-
ducements could more attract an immigrant than the
option of continuing, in a more genial climate, the culti-
vation of accustomed crops, and simultaneously of reach-
ing out to the cultivation of crops peculiar to a witlely
different zone.
To a resident of Great Britain, Canada, New England,
or the Northwestern States, it seems scarcely possible, in
any one locality, and that without the variation of tem-
perature given by mountain elevations, to cultivate suc-
cessfully within an enclosure of ten acres, the oats, rye
and wheat of the North, the peach, quince and sweet
potato of the Middle States, the corn, cotton and tobacco
of the Southern, the coffee, indigo and ginger of the West
Indies, the orange, lime and lemon of Central America,
the olive, grape, coffee and spice, the date and palm of
the desert, and the sugar cane, pepper and tea of the
East, but residents of several portions of the State know
that this can be done in Florida. When to these are
added the rice, bananas, plantains, guavas, cocoanuts,
pineapples, and pawpaws that are actually raised with
success, the wide range of Florida productions is strik-
ingly shown.
rnrcE of t \nd. etc.
One-third of all the lands on the Peninsula belong to
the United States, but are open to entry only under the
Homestead Act. All the Government land on the St.
John's River is taken, but two or three miles back plenty
remains unoccupied. Every head of a family, under the
homestead law, on the payment of SU and by mnkino* a
liome on the land, is entitled to a deed from the United
States to KiU acres at the end of five vears, and that, too,
with little further cost. There are also large quantities
of land known as State land, which can be bought out-
right for from GO cents to S\.25 per acre. These are as
valuable as the United States lands. Improved farms or
}»lantations. with more or less improvement, can be pur-
( based all over the State at from §5 to $10 per acre, but
inmiediately on the St. John's River, or on some communi-
cating lake, they are selling at higher figures. These
have but few orange trees upon them. There are so few
1 Hearing groves for sale that no settled price can be given.
A good bearing grove can be raised from the seed in
seven or eight years. By transplanting wild orange
tT-ees, and '•i)udding" thf^n. tlvv >vi11 begin to bear in
four years and yield abundniitiv ']]\ six.
(iENERAL (>|}SKll\.\TJ()^S.
Lest the above facts might be construed too favorably,
it may be well to refer in general to some of the c//.s'-ad-
vantages to be encountered in Florida.
The new settles* must expect to find a new country, and
consequently one that is crude and uncultivated. A
j)erson from abroad will see much here that is not invit-
ing and even unsightly. He must come expecting not to
find in the newly settled sections school houses, post-
offices, churches and the general appliances of civilization
and C(niifort. These, however, will rapidly follow the
settlement of the country. The many privations and
har(lshi})s incident to a pioneer life, can be immediately
obviated only by several families coming together, and
by thus forming their own community, utilize at once
the manv advantages wliicli surround them.
To the invalid seeking a winter whose temperature is
like the latter half of the Northern ^lay: to the tourist
and the person desirous of a mild climate during the win-
ter months; and above all. those who will come here in
colonies of from fifteen to twenty-five families, will, with
thrift and economy, find in Florida homes of comfort and
plenty, and where the greatest and safest possible return
will follow the provident ej^penditure of labor and capital."
m
FERNANDINA, FLORIDA.
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.
A pleasant sail of about twelve hours from Savaniialu
brnigs us in sight of Fernandina, which is situated on
Amelia Island, at the mouth of a river of the same name.
The city was built by the Spaniards, has a population of
about two thousand five hundred inhabitants, and from
Its increasing trade gives fair promise for the future.
The harbor is land-locked, large and safe, and the bar is
deep enough to admit the passage of vessels drawing
from nineteen to twenty feet of water.
BUSINESvS RE-( HRCES.
Fernandina is connected with points North bv means of a
regular steamship line, and with the interior by the Jack-
sonville, Pensacola, and Mobile Railroad. A number of
large stores carry on a brisk mercantile business, and
several steam saw-mills kept in constant operation, attest
the activity of the lumber trade. Large crops of early
vegetables are also annually raised and shipped North. '
THE CITY.
Among the churches there are two Baptist, two Metho-
dist, one Roman Catholic, one Presbvterian, and one
Episcopal. This is also the seat of the Episcopal Bishop,
who has under his supervision a flourishing academv for
young ladies. Several hotels and boarding houses are
open at all times to visitors.
DUNGENESS.
This place, once the seat of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, is
in easy reach of Fernandina. The estate, consisting of
about ten thousand acres, was presented to lim hv the
people of Georgia as a token of appreciation tor his ser-
vices as a commander during the revolution of '70. Sev-
eral hundred yards from the mansion is the grave of Gen
Henry Lee, ('"Light Horse Harry,") who died here in
March, 1818, at the age of sixty-three years. The spot
is marked by a head stone erected by his son. Gen. Robert
E. Lee, the lamented commander of the armies of the
Lost Cause.
Leaving Fernandina, a most delightful excursion of a
few hours will bring us to the mouth of the ''beautiful
St. John's." We cross its bar twenty-six miles from
Jacksonville, and come in full view of May Port, a fa-
vorite summer resort for the people of the city. Con-
tinuing down the river, we pass St. John's Bluff, the
site of Fort Caroline, and as we gaze upon this now syl-
van solitude, so rich in the possession of natural beauty,
and feel that amid the tangled wildwood, one might
safely withdraw from the tumultuous bustle of the busy
world, become a stranger to passion, avoid temptation,
and grow old in virtue, we recoil with horror as we re-
niember that the very trees bear testimony of inhuman
butcheries perpetrated by Spaniard and Huguenot.
THE CITY.
Arriving at Jacksonville, we find it to be a pleasant
city with a spacious and beautiful harbor, wide streets,
large and beautiful buildings, etc. It takes its name from
Gen. Andrew Jackson, and the first building, a rude log-
house, was erected on it by Mr. L D. Hart, in the year
182G. It is the most important city of Florida, and"^ the
largest on the Atlantic coast south of Savannah. Its
present standing population is about thirteen thousand,
whirli, is more than doubled during the winter by an
ill! lux of visitors from all portions of the world. On Bay
street are to be found all of the prominent business places,
and to the stranger it is an agreeable surprise to find him-
self, on stepping from this crowded thoroughfare, in
what appears to be a large, but quiet and picturesque
village, beautifully built un with romantic and cottage-
like dwellings, embellished in the front with cultivated
flower gardens.
STREETS.
The streets running north and south, are Catharine,
Washington, Lil)erty, Market, Newnan. Ocean. Pine,
Ljuira, Uogan. Julia, Cedar, Clay, and Bridge. Those
running «:ast and west, are Bay. Forsyth, Adams, Mon-
roe, Church, Ashlev, Beaver, and Union.
I
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
69
68
A GUIDE TO
BUSINESS RESOURCES.
Taking into consideration its many res(nirces and fast
increasing trade, Jacksonville bids fair to become in time
one of the most flourishing cities in the South. It is the
center of the lumber trade of the State, and no h^ss than
nine saw-mills are kept constantly at work to supply the
trade demand. A large nund)er of vessels are also em-
ployed for the purpose of transporting lumber to various
sections of the globe. The city is well c<mnected with
the interior by the St. Jolm's River and an extensive rail-
way line, and it is rumored that leading merchants are
exerting themselves to give it prominence as a cotton
mart.
IMPROVEMENTS.
Conspicuous am(»ng tlu^ improvements on Bay street,
is the block of brick l)uildings now in construction on the
south side, between Laura and Hogan streets. The bloek
will consist of iron front stores, four feet high, wllicli in
point of finish will (•o]n]>i5re favorably with those of our
large Northern cities. In tlie rear will be the new wharf,
storehouses, etc., for the Ciiai'leston steamers. These places
are being built by Mr. Wm. H. Astor. a wealthy Northern
gentleman, who has already contributed much towards
the improvement of the city.
New Episcopal Church. —The Episcopal congregation
of Jacksonville have in contemplation the erection of a
fine church edifice, and for whicli purpose a lot has been
purchased at the corner of Adams and Laura streets.
The building will be ;>»; l)y i'A feet and forty-five feet
high, Ootliic style, with circular arrcingement of seats,-
elevati'd chancel, and a tower ninetv feet in heiicht.
()i>i> Fellows' H.\ll. — This place on Market street
has recently undergone a thorough overhauling, and the
hitherto contracted hall has been enlarged and now mea-
sures 40 by 21 feet. It is handsomely furnished and car-
peted, is supplied with gas, and has attacdied capacious
ante rooms, closets, and reception roonu
YACHT CLUB AND CLUB HOUSE.
The officers of the Jacksonvlile Yacht Chib are : Wm.
B. Astor, Commodore: S. Conant. Vice-Commodore: E.
W. Stetson, Treasurer : H. 1). Browne, Acting Secretary ;
A 1). Basuelt, Captain, and chief executive officer. The
Club House, at the foot of Newnan street, was completed
December 27, 1877, and is quite an ornament to the city.
It is built beyond the water front, is about 75 by .']0 feet
and forty feet high. The ceilings and sides of the liall
are handsomely painted and ornamented with chande-
liers, while the furniture consists of chairs, tables, and
sofas, of fine material. On the roof there is a flat ter-
race about sixteen feet wide, railed in and supplied with
seats, and from which an excellent view of the St. John's
River and surrounding scenerv can be ol)tained. Tliere
are, als(^. ladies' and gentlemen's dressing rooms and a
large bathing room attached.
CHURCHES.
The Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, is
situated corner of Newnan and Church streets: St. John's
Protestant Episcopal Church, is at the head of Market
street: the Bethel Baptist Church, is on Church street;
Ocean street Presbyterian Church, is on the corner of
Adams and Ocean streets: Xewnan street Presbyterian
Church, is on the corner of Newnan and Monroe streets:
St- Paul's Methodist E]>iscopal Church, on the corner of
Duval and Newnan streets: Trinity M. E. Church, on
Mt)nroe street, near Citv Park: the Hebrew Svnagogue,
at the Hall of the I. (i. O. F., on Mai-ket, near Forsyth
street.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Jacksonville can boast of an efficient fire department,
several militia companies, various secret, religious and
charitable societies, prominent among which is the Young
Men's Christian Association. The principal banking fa-
cilities are offered by the Ambler's and First Nati(^)nal
Banks. The Catholic. Protestant, and Je\yish burying
grounds, in the northeastern portion of the city, form the
cemetery which contains some interesting monuments.
NEWSPAPERS.
8uN AND Press. — A leading Democratic daily, was es-
tablished in 1S75. The size is 27 b\^ 42 inches, circulatitm
2,(X)0. It is published by the Sun and Press Company,
corner of Bay and Laura streets, and is under the edito-
rial management of N. K. Sawder. Esq.
Florida Union. — The Union is a weekly paper. Repub-
lican in })olitics. and has a circulation of ^<<H).
Evening Travelp:r. — Daily independent evening paper,
size bS by 2.5 inches, circulation 5()(». The Union and
Traveler are both ow^ned, published and edited bv Mr,
Sidney T. Bates.
SUBURBAN RESORTS.
The suburban resorts adjoining the city are P2ast Jack-
sonville, Brooklyn, and Springfield. Those across the
river are, Riverside, Arlington, St. Nicholas, South Shore,
and Alexandria.
m
70
A GUIDE TO
Just aside from the shell road, about three miles north
of the city, is Moncrief Spkinc;. The spring flows about
one hundred gallons a minute, and the chalvbeate proper-
ties of the water are said to be highly beneficial to those
whose constitutions are weakly.
BUSINESS HOUSES.
^ FuRCHGOTT, Benedict & Co.— This large establishment
IS known throughout the country as the '* the Stewarts of
Jacksonville.** It is one hundred and fifty feet deep, fifty
feet wide, has large attractive show windows and a grancl
entrance. The firm has been established in Jacksonville
for many years, and has branch houses in Charleston,
S. C, and Atlanta, Ga. Our readers are referred to the
advertisement to be found elsewhere.
New York Store.— There are but few stores tliat make
a finer display of goods outside of New York, and none
in this section, than the New York Clotliing Company,
Bay street, Jacksonville, Fla. A visitor sees at a glance
what he wants, and, more than that, everybody can be
sure of receiving a very courteous reception from the
manager, Mr. Tischler, and those who have purcliased
there before, are sure to return for anything thev may
want, simply because they always find every style of
goods just what they are represented to be.
It will repay every visitor to call at this store, 1.' \\
Bay street, Jacksonville, Fla.
Mrs. S. \ Land auer.— This lady has entered largelv
into the business of millinery, fancy goods, black and
colored silks, etc. Her goods, which are imi)orted from
a leading Paris, and several New York and Philadelphia
houses, are of the best quality, and having secured the
services of a superior milliner, she is prepared to display
a most elegant assortment of Parisian hats and bonnets,
at the lowest prices. Particular attention given to bridal
trousseaus and morning outfits, and a large assortment
of ladies' under-garments kept on hand.
Cigars and Tobacco.— At G. H. Gato & Co., 17 West
Bay street, fine goods in the shape of full Havana cigars,
fine cut chewing, plug, cigaretts, and smoking tobacco,
are made a specialty. Lovers of the weed who consult
their interest will do well to call at this place.
Cohen Brothers.— The popularity of this large dry
goods house is attested by the multitude of purchasers
who throng the place from morning until the closing
hour at night. Everything in the line of dry goods and
fancy articles is kept here, and visitors are sure to meet
with a most cordial reception. See advertisement.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
71
O. L. Keene.— At the corner of Laura and Bay streets,
we find the large handsome millinery establishment of
Mr. O. L. Keene. A glance at the advertisement will
show to visitors that it will be to their interest to visit
this place and examine the large stock of articles put
down at reduced prices.
MxMMOTn \ \riety Emporium.— At S. Ritzewoller's
dry goods emporium is to be found the largest assortment
of dry goods, hats, boots and shoes, and fancv articles in
the city. The house No. 73 West Bay street.^vas estab-
lished in 1860. and besides the city \rade. carries on a
heavy business with the interior.
(r W. Clark.— At this place, known as the New York
MiMiii. rv House, 35 East Bay street, the latest novelties
ifi iIm I iM i-nn be found. Also, special attention given
u> ihv Uitnniino: and renewing of ladies' hats and bon-
nets after tli. most improved styles.
G.\Khi; & Halt..— This firm is prepared to sell on
comini--ion all kinds of country produce, and also en-
gages in 111. wholesale business of fruits, groceries and
provisions. See advertisement for address.
Boat ^' \rd.— This place next to the Club House, is
!i!i'l'T 111*' -iipervisiMii -i' Mr. Peter Jones, ex-Mayor of
Jackson \ ill.- Tourists desiring a pleasant sail along the
St. J<'bn .s. can be accommodated with a first-class yacht
or row iMt.-it with ,,r without attendant, by the hour, day,
Work ( tr ni< >\\i h.
1 »}:k^n M AKiNo.— i'arties wishing to have wT>rk done in
tiie hut' of .ir.-^s making, will inquire for Mrs. S. Barber.
Ct-rto^itii^ Mrs. C. E. Mott, who keeps constantly
on ham I .i Mipply of curiosities, makes a specialtv of
shell ami ti^h scale work, for which she received the m^edal
of honor and diploma of merit from the Centennial Com-
mission. [• or fm iher particulars, read advertisement.
.h < . r M I . I \ . . i-:r. — Tourists may have their curiosity grat-
ifio.l hN onllniirat this place, 37 West Bay street, where
every! hmir m the shape of the wonders of the ''Flow^ery
T.nn.i'oiin h. seen. Mr. Gumbinger is also a first-class
\\a!- hmak. I. jeweler and optician, and ^ives personal
atiriition lo ilie adjustment of sijectacles .iml eve-glasses
to the eye.
HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES.
The larger hotels of Jacksonville, are the St. James,-
Carleton. Nicholls, Grand National, Windsor, Elm wood'
Metropolitan, and Moncrief. With a few exceptions,'
these are closed during the summer, and several of them
I
72
A GUIDE TO
will remain closed during the coming winter. The list
below will direct our readers, looking for home comforts,
where thev can best be accommodated.
Mattaik House. — Large brick building. No. 1 1 Forsyth
street, built especially for a boarding house; has thirty-
two rooms, double piazzas facing south, large furnished
front rooms for families, large ventilated dining room,
etc. The liouse is car]>eted throughout, and on tlie table
will be found the best that the market affords.
Elm WOOD House. — Location corner of Forsyth and
Hogan streets, in close proximity to Wm. B. Astor's new
iron front frame block, and to the railroad dei)ot and
wharf, which is to be the landing of the Charleston
steamers. The Elm wood is regularly on the hotel plan,
with facilities for comfort and convenience. There is a
large sewer running to the river through which all waste
matter is carried off. The honhoniit^ of the proprietor,
?v[r. G. Anderson is proverbial, and guests receive every
attention.
St. John's House, No. 41 Forsyth street. The St. John's
is centrally located and convenient to the cars, steamers,
banks, and postoffice. The roc^ns are all large and well
furnished, and the table is supplied with the luxuries of
the season. Attaches of the house will be found at all
of the depots and landings to take charge of baggage.
Mrs. S. a. Day.— This place is ])leasantly situated at
Xo. 44 West Adams street, has large front and back
]>iazzas facing north and south, large handsomely fur-
nished parlor, twenty sleeping rooms, comfortably fitted
up. and can accommodate from forty to fifty boarders.
( )CEAX House, corner of Ocean and Adams streets,
contains nineteen rooms, and can accommodate twenty-
five boarders. This place has the largest dining room
of any boarding house in the city, and at the tables can
]>e seated from eighty to -ninety persons. Its location is
near the principal business houses, and its accommoda-
tions are first-class.
Mrs. E. A. Henderson. — This is a handsome residence,
situated on the corner of Pine and Monroe streets, is
elegantly furnished throughout, and contains an exten-
sive parlor. Among the sleeping rooms, sixteen in num-
ber, there are furnished apartments for families.
Mrs. C. Freeland. — Large two story building on the
corner of Pine and Duval streets with double piazzas,
extensive halls on the first and second floor, and dining
room 30 by 20 feet, capable of seating fifty persons. The
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
73
house is heated by large stoves, kept burning night
and day, and contains tw^enty-five well furnished sing'le
and double rooms. This place was built expressly for a
boarding house, and the table dliote is fully up to the
standard.
(). P. Knapp. — Pleasantly located. No. 71 Forsyth street,
in easy reach of the postoffice. Piazzas on both sides,
eight rooms comfortably furnished and carpeted, and no
])n ins are spared by the proprietor to render those home
comforts so nmch looked for by visitors. ' '
Mrs. Rosa D. Harn. — Towards the east end of Bay
-street, we find the popular and favorite resort for tourists,
superintended by Mrs. Rosa D. Harn. Concerning the
nttractions of this place, nothing further need be said
t!inn to allude to the fact, that those who patronize it
always carry away with them the most pleasing recollec-
tions.
F. G. Tibbets. — This house is located in the northwes-
tr]*n portion of the city, and is a quiet, rural retreat, beau-
tifully laid out with gardens, shade trees, etc. It has
jiiazzas on the front and rear, eight sleeping apartments,
some of which are on the first floor, handsome parlor and
dining room, and is furnished with fine walnut furniture.
Everything about the place is indicative of refinement
and good tasteT
Mrs. T. Y. Chase. — This is a small but comfortable
house, located on Adams street, between Laura and Pine,
is free from all noise, has pleasant apartments, and fur-
nishes substantial fare.
Mrs. R. G..Slager. — First-class Jewish boarding house,
at the corner of Adams and Pine streets.
Ill
No. 41 l-< )I<S\"ril >T , I \(K-,( )X\ I i.i.i-;^ i.i_,v.
Mrs. E. HrD>f.4LL, Proprietress.
t^ "Board from $1 to $'2.50 por da v. Spprial rntp< to FMiiii'i.'^ JS-^
G. II. (.A TO X CO.
Manufacturers of
C<2
PQ
o -)
cr^
^^=d
5=0
Full Havana and Fins Scsd Havana
* c i G A R s ®
Dealers in
FINE CUT CHEWINU, PLUG, .^MoKING TOBACCOS, CKtA-
RETTES, AND SMOKERS' ARTICLES.
ESTABLISHED 1866.
S.
IM
'S
DRY GOODS EMPORIUM.
TliL LARGEST DRV GOODS HOL^L L\ THi: STATE.
DOMESTIC AND FANCY DRY GOODS,
BOOTS AND SHOES, 0LOTHING,:haJ v.
CAKl'LTS and' MATTING A SPECIALTY
\\ liole^^ale Depai'tment.
A FULL LINE OF
D'T Mi Bf 01^. Ml M, Clolliii. MmM Tniiib;
AT QUOTATION- .'F NOUJiihILN MARKETS.
■S. RITZEWOLLER,
7:^ West Bay Street, Jacksonville. Fla.
G. W. CrLAKK,
MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS
;;,; 7.V/.S/ />V'// Strrrf. MitrJn I! Iih,( I,'.
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
CHAS.
r
AEDE.
' HAS. S. HALL.
GAEDK \ HALL,
vtiiH
^
'■■■^ ■ ■■ «- Mm
^* am
I**"*-* 3« ■ «j^
AND WHOLE^ALf^ 7>EALERS IN
FRUITS, PRODUCE, GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS.
ILOIUJJA OUAyOES A SVEtlALTY.
78 CANAL STREET, PROVIDENCE, R. L,
AND JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
i
IMKM ION \1, SKCUM) IXI'OSl RI
A ^ A, A, ^ ^ ^
t t t t t t t
■^*~^^*^J ^.^ >.-^ ■^•^ ^,.^
V
No. 41 F(>k-Vl ii :.r.,JACKSOX\'ILLL:, M.A.
Mr^^ F HT D>ALL, Proprietress.
^ ' p'^ ua\. ^pf'cial ratf^s to h aiinliHs. ^.^:3
c. II. (. vroc^ ( ().
Manufjictmvrs of
Q^^ J
pc:j
^ CIGARS ^
T^f^alers in
FJM<: (TT <'UKAVl\(i, PLUG, SM()KIN(; TOHAPCOS (KiA
RETTHS, AM) SMOKKHS' AHTK'LKS.
1 ■ » « - 4 «
■ »«-«-■ ^«ICji»
ESTABLISHED ISGfi.
S RITZEWOLIER'S
DRY GOODS EMPORI
THK LAKdEST DRV GOOJnS HiJUSE IX THE STATE.
DOMESTIC AND FAN-Cy DRY GOODS,
HOOTS AND SHOES, ( LOTHIX(i,".HATS.
(A RIVETS AM)" :\LVTTIN(i A SPECIALTY
Wholesale Uepaitmerit
A FILL LINE OF
fill [Mil, Mil, Ml, Hats, Clotliiiis,. Notions aiifi TfmIs,
AT vroTATIOXs OF XoR'niEHN MARKETS.
-. S. RITZEWOLLER.
7;; AWnT Hiiv STrin-r. .Licksniivi,Me. Fla.
MILLINERY AND F.#ICY
(A
'\ ^
s
.v.; I'i^f ])nri ^fr-'f. ^T,J^],>11 JlJn<J,\
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
r
<IIAS. 11. (xAKIH 11 v.s s 11 VII
nALnF .^- N ALL/
AM) WHOLESALE DEALERS L\
FRUITS. PRODUCE. GROCERIES AHC PROVISIONS.
ILOIUJJA OliAyOES A sj>!:ciA / / ) .
7S (ANAL STREET, PROVIDENCE. R. 1..
AND .IA("KSOXVILLE. FLA.
MRS. S. V, LAXDAUEE,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
mt X iu i^ Lii :[^i :^- Li^_ ^ 1^
AND
FANCY ii;eoi)H,
SllKS. TRIMMINGS. ZEPHYRS OF ALL KINDS, ETC. .
OLD STAND OF HTTSBEY & HOWKLL. 71 W. HAY ST.
Jac'ksouN ilk', Florida.
X. H.— KHJiahle Triiinners always employed.
MRS. S. A, DAY,
PEIYATE BOAEI
1
94
W. Adams St.,
JACKSONVILLE, FLA,
i^SlVclTE
Mrs. Rosa D. Ham,
BAY STREET. ONE BLOCK EAST OF THE CARIETON HOUSE,
JACKsoXXlLLE, FLORII)A.
Gooii Accnwvmdations. Terms Reasonable.
House contains 15 large rooms, and fronts upon the St. John's
s river.
Boarding Hous
-■r^ T^ ^^
Mrs. C. A. Graybell,
T^iiA-nl St.. a few doors TVortli of l^me,
J A( .IvSOX \"1LLE, FLOIUDA.
Pernianei/f <fnd Tmiisient lliiard.
Terms Reasonable. ^
?
PEIYATE BOAED
71 EAST FORSYTH STREET,
JACKSON\'ILLE. FLORIDA.
A. W lv>,APT^ Proprietor.
<» BC 'w- ■« w:
1 |)pcr SI. Johirs River ill Salt Lake!
("SI
rsii: Stivamer Toi.l\sia I
Li ((res Jiick\soinnlle for the above, conneefing
with Tf'ftniway leading to Sand, Point,
14 on Tixl'.iu River.
ST. JOfiN\S EIVER BOAT YARD,
Vdjoir ill" the Jack-' >r,vi11p YnphtChib House, foot of Market St.
no ^RO,-ITS ilXD ^.-11 L SOHTS:
TO KENT BY Till. HOUR, i'^^ Ul.KK < -U Mu.N i'H.
Pleasure seekers and those lookui^' lur laud u> stUie, will always
find ^ood KuideB ready and willingr to furnish them any intormation
concerning the lands on the St. John's.
Fl-iliN" \\M Ml NTING PARTIES
Will lind it to their interest to ^ive us a call and examine our stock
of Boats. Those wishing to sail or row for pleasure, will hml nrsi-
class IU)ats and competent men to take charcje. J*^^^^^^^^^^"^ ^)^^'^^ ^'^'
paired and built to order. PETER JONES, Proprietor.
MES. T. J. CHAGE, JE.
, PRIVATE AND TRANSIENT
BOARDING
40 ADAMS STREET,
^ 4 BJL M«»
■- H>«» ■«. ■ ■>
i>i{i\ aim: boaim).
MRS. C. FREELAND,
vnnM'i: /v.w; . '.\/' /'/!://. •-ri:i-:FTS,
JACKSOIMVIL.LE, FL.A.
HOUSE
MRS. BUFFINGTON
J
CORNER OCEAN AND ADAMS STREETS,
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
noard from $l.rjO to $2.00 per D'l'i. I'rr U 'cek
$7.00 to $10.00. T(Me Boara ^:>S)0.
CHAXGK OF SCIIKDl LE!
Or/and after Wednesday, the 22d of May, 1878, the
STEAIvIEE HATTIE
Will leave S. G. Searing & Co^s Wharf, foot of Pine St.,
FOR
Sanfortl, Interprfse
i
And Intermediate Landinofs,
EVERY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY,
AT 12 O^CLOCK M.
S. a. SEARING & CO.,
General Freight and Passenger Agents.
[^
/A f
r
FROM JACKSOIVrVILLE
TO
Palalla, Wm F^priiip. Leesliiiri, Oleeliiilee,, .
AND ALL i\ LLUMLDLVTL J.AN DINGS ON THE ST JOHN'S
AND OKLAWAHA RIVERS.
THE STEAMER TUSKAWILLA,
A. N. Kl 'WARDS, blaster,
AVill leave S. G. SEA Kl NG & CO.'S WHARF, foot of Pine street,
every THURSDAY MOKN iNG, at 8 o'clock.
For Freight or Passage, apply to
S. G. SEARING & CO.,
General Freight and Passenger Agents,
Jacksonville, Fla.
^
MATT AIR HOUSE.
$^::i:i::c -f All; B#iiil,£;
By the Day or \\ erk.
PRICE, ACCOllVI^'G To ^IZE (>i: Lul'JTUjA
' OF UOUAL
Alio;:! 2 Mocls ta Steaiiilioat. Eailroal aM PflslcSce,
No. 1 1 Forsyth Street,
Jacksonville, Fla.
FiCHdOTT, BEIEDIGT & CO.
j/lCKSO^ViJ-iJ:, fi;^,
Dry Goods, Carpets, &c.
Positively the Largest and most Attnictive Store
in Jacksonville.
Lar^p Facilities ennhlc ns to Sell
TEY mm% CARPETS, MATTfrlGl &C.
At Strictlij .Kortherv Prices!
Our Assortment of (too(1s coiHi)rises the v«'rv L VTEST ^i\ 1 FS
and t^l.:sT QUALITIKH. A visit wifi aniply ropjiy.
Fy^CHgOTT, BENEDICT & CO.,
Corner oi' 1 'me nn I lii, Sfro. f:<.
JacS-, :>o^;\ iltc, na.
Elmwooci House
No. 80 Forsvtl] street'
'" til * ..-1 ~ .» '«tt^
FLORIDA,
One Blockirom the Railroad
r>(^pot and the principal
Steamboat Landinp^s.
•$2.00 PER DAY,
#7 to $12 per ircLk,
(I ('('()]•(] ijin to Ujca-
tioji of I'uums.
\\m. (j. Axdfrsox, Proprietor.
1?M
... BROTHIRS',
W
POPULAR
J ~ -t_ ^ t t * « <► •* 4 ^ A .. ^ * V
jT cV 43 Hay St.,
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.
Ladies' ap.il Gents' Furnishing- GoocL^,
and Ladies' ready-made Under-
garments, Cloaks,
WRAPPERS. JACKETS, ETC.. ETC.,
13
m»w:c,'
IMl.MION \I S! ( OM) IXPOSIRK
MATTAIR HOUSE
t t *f T t t '^ t
* 4- '4- «)<<)> '4>'^4>
:'V
r;) -.,- N
■ r ' c /
By the Day or Week.
i'iri('i:,AccoiwiMr to size or lo(\itjo,k
' OF ROOM.
Aljflii! I Wli from Sleaiiiiioat, Raliroail, aiifl PosloSce.
No I I r\)rsyth Street,
ruiiuliiruli, L^Llmliiul a bu.
1^7 GoodSjCarpeis, ^^t o.
J'ositively t\\v Lar^'est iuxd most Attractive Store
in Jaeksonviilo.
Iffi'Uc F(t('iHfi<\s ciuilflc us to Sell
,11 Sfriclhj AhrUirrif Ri'ircs!
(^nr As-;<)rh,"<>Tit of (h)>)(1s coiiiprisi-s the v.>rv L M'J^^'T STY I FS
aii.l {;i-:sT <,>rA!JTn:N. a visit wil'l Miuply n-pMy.
C\^rn(M' of* l^iiio nnd Ii;i,y Stroc^ts.
^
JtijilllT^/'
;>M,'
r.#^
v.v:
i^
Jffl. 80 Forsvtli {Street. '
.11 w, 4..,. ,„^ .„^
^>XVX:-^v
FLORIDA,
^'^' t^-'fjiy' '^'^^' ^^'^m '>iock.froiij the Railroad
y^^^i^-A ^^r^ -Depot and tho prinn]>al
Akl'.lt' * . •' -^ "^ Steaiiilxrit Landing's
^'2.00 PER DAY,
'$7 to $12 per week,
aceording to locct-
tioii of rooms.
\\ Ai. (i. Anderson, Proprietor.
'f' !!^'^>l "^ ^^ ^^ "^ If ^^^ P Q^
POPULAR
'fr]\ ^iH) %/-' .r? .^^t A ^)rA ^^' $r^^ A ^t^^p ^^-^ -^W
mm
41 \: 43 liay bl.,
JACKSOJVVILLE, FLOBITXl.
T,;i(1i( -;' and Gents' Furnishing Goods,
liid r.:i. lies' ren(l\-m:i(le Unf],:r-
gannents, Cloaks, :
WRAPPERS, JACKETS, ETC., ETC.,
15
:€-'M-m. m^-m:
MRS. C, E. MOTT,
SHELL. WOBKEB
AND DKALKR IN ALL KINDS OF
.' CURIOSITIES,
■ 25 LcFira street, Jartsoiyille, Fla.
Sea Beans and Ali!_vir> »r Tppth — PoHsIumI, KoutJcli ft^nd made into
Jewelry. Orange (Jant'> m threat varift)', Florida ( )rnaiin'ntal
Grass, (loose and made into lioiKjuets;, Alligator Eg-^s, etc., etc.
THK W.'Mtf.RFrL PKHFrMED SHELLS OF ('EYLON.
A large variety of Small and ( )niauieiital ShflLs, Small Shells and
Fi-M St-aleJi for Shell and Fish Scale work. Shell Necklaces, and a
^-r<ai variety of rare aiid beautiful Shell Jewelry iuid many other
Curiosities.
BEAUTIFUL flj •KII 'A S«KNES ( »N SHELLS ENTIRELY
NEW.
Sea Beans, Alligator Teeth, Shells and Fi.sli vSoale Jewelry and
Walking Sticks made to order
Medal of Honor and Dipl.Miaof Merit awanled to Mrn. C. E.
Mott by the Centennial C(»ii:Hii>sion, September 27th, 1876.
Hard times compel us to "iTer the .ilmve >toek at very low prices.
We intend to sell. Give Ub ti. call. lU^meuiber the place.
MRS. ('. E. MOTT.
2." Laura street, near Bav,
*mimi- ("X^
or !*iT£F;>3T TO ALL WHO WISH GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.
f). L. KEENE,
No, 61 W' :t E:j Street, ioraer of Laera, JactoTllle, Fla,
Ha- iiow in stock a tine Une «'f Miiliii. ry <i.M»d>. including Pat
(■'•ru Hats and Bonnets, Flowers, F-'aili- i>, RiMm.u.-, and the Latest
novelties in Millinery.
I>RKSS (T< )( il)S,
Including a tine liur of Hlack 1 M-es.'. .^ilk>. Cashmeres, Drab I)"Ete,
H'urietta Cloth and Fancy Suiting,', with (ialloonsand Fringes to
niateh.
LAl'lFS', GLNTS- AND ("HILDREN'S
Fancy Hosiery, Ti----. S( arf- a:i>i Han Ikerchiefs. I^iidies" and Chil-
dren's MeriiK''an(i u.uize \ e.-.t>, ( iuldren s Worsted Socks, Mittens
and Wa:-r~ ^:!k I'lnbrellas ami Parasols. A flne Line of Kitl.
Undre>^rMi Kulaiid Lisle (Hoves. C\>rsets— including the celebrat
ed ••Cork (orset." Table Linen Napkins, Towels, Tidies and
Lace Curtaais
A FINK LINK OF WHITK GOODS,
Real Hair Suiieh,--. and PutTs. Ht^rginann & Co.'s Worsteds,
W\>rsted Patterns. Zephyr and Shetianvi Shawl.-,, Weuck's Pcrlu-
no'ry and Toilet Soap.
NiW YORK
CLOTHING COMPANY !
We constantly carry a Com-
plete Stock of
Children's, Boys' & Men's
J GAR.MEXTS.
Our I'iUMllties for getting these
I up are rxsTRPASSKD l)y anv
3 House South; hence, we
ran,
: and Do sell at loir prices, and
yet make a profit.
With the above we kee{) a well
aiitl carefully selecteti line of
GeEts' hmWii Goofls!
HATS, CAPS. TRUNKS,
InJises, rru})reUas, c^'c.
Oarments made to measure in
■ate.-t .-tyle,
' Mir method is C. O. D.
We warrant all goods as rep-
Now York Cloltiin£ Company,
IJ W Hay St., Jaeksonville, Fla.
;-. i:w York office.
No nn Franklin Street.
F. G. TIBBETS,
PRIVATE IoIr'oTn'g HOUSE.
PLEASANTLY LOCATED
^f tin' Coiiur (if IjiuFd (nuf Brfjrer Streets,
JAc/K.-;( )X\IL.1.L:, FX.A.
MRS. R. J. SLAGER
FIRST-CLASS
J
,t.,t
f ©mil P0ef films mw
CORVEE ADAMS AM) VIXE STS
JACJ^.SC)^'VILLK. FLA.
10
IMKM lONAL SLCOM) IXPOSl RK
MRS. C. E. MOTT,
S II E 1^ JL - > Y 11 K E R
AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS oF
CURIOSITIES,
25 iaira street, Jac!(son?iile, Fla.
kSf ti B»'ans and Alli<j:ator Teeth — Polished, Roii^h and made into
Jeweh-y. Oianpe Canes in great variety, Florida Ornamental
(rraj^s, (loo'ie and made into bouquets), Alligator Eggs, etc., etc.
THE WONDERFUL PERFUMED SHELLS OF CEYLON.
A larj;:e vtriety of Small and Ornamental Shells, Small ShelN and
Fi.sh Scales for Shell and Fish Scale work. Shell Necklaces, and a
great variety of rare and beautiful Shell Jewelry an i numy other
Curiosities.
HEAUTIPUL FLORIDA SCENES ON STIF.T.LS KNTIRKl.V
NEW.
S«'« Beans, Alligator Teeth, Shells and Fish Scait- Jt'\stir\ und
W.-J-lking Stickr made to order.
M»'dal of Honor and Dii)loma of Merit awariltd to T^fr-. C E.
Mott by tlif Centennial Commission, September 'iTtti, I'^T''.
Hard tiiiies < omi)el us to offer the above stock at \» r\ \^<\\ prices.
We iiileiid to s^dl. Give us a call. Remember the place.
MK<. (■ K MHTT
2-' FaniM -i i-f-t, nmr Ha\ ,
0; ./lER^sT It AlL WiiG WISH GOODS AT REDUCED PRICES.
(V \. k(:i:m:.
No. 61 West Bay Street, taer of Laura, JaclsoaTille, Fla,
Has now in stock a fine line of Millinery Goods, in<]n.linL' Tat-
tern Hats and Bonnets, Flowers, Feathers, Ribbons, and ihv. Lai- st
novelties in Millinery.
DRESS GOODS,
Including a fine line of Black Dress Silks, Cashmeres, Drat- 1> Kt.*,
Henrietta Cloth and Fancy Suiting, witli Galloons an. 1 I"r;nges to
match.
LADIES', GENTS' AND ClilLDKKN'S
Fancy Hosiery, Ties, Scarfs and Handkerclu't-. Ladi''> an! ( hil-
dren's Merino and Gauze Vests, Children's W^r-ted Socks. MitT.ns
and Waists. Silk Umbrellas and Parasols. A tin.' Line of Kid.
Undressed Kid and Lisle Gloves. Corset8^in( lading' tli-- celebrat
ed "Cork Corset.'' Table Liiu-n — Napkins, Tuwei.-, Tidies and
Lace Curtains.
A FINE Li.NE OF UitiTE G0(»1)S.
Ue*i.i Hair Switches and Puffs. Bergmann »5>; Co.'s Wur.-teds,
Worsted Patterns. Zephyr and Shetland Shawls; Wenck's Perfu-
mery and Toilet Soap.
NSW YOEK
HT
I
CLOTHING COMPANY
We constantly carr\ a Com-
plete Stock of
Children's, Boys' & Men's
GARMENTS.
Our facilities for getting these
up are unsurpassed by any
House South; hence, we can
and DO sell at lo?r prices, and
yet make a profit.
With the above we keep a well
JJ and carefully selected line of
FfEiiiS' FDiiisliiiE Goufis!
HATS, CAPS, TKINKS,
Valises, rfnhrcUiL.s, cfc.
* tarmenth made to measure in
-'atest style.
' )ur method is C. O. D.
We warrant all goods as rep-
'f'sented.
New Yort ClotliiB£ Ccnmuay,
■ U W. Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla.
:VKW YOFtK 1 iKFICE,
Nn nn Franklin Street.
F. G.
■y rKjptirr
^
WE E 2. :4r ■ a '-.«•."?_ 'U .fl^jj^i
ETS,
PRIVATE eOAeOiNG HOUSE,
PLEASAhiTLY LOCATED
M the Comer oj Laura and Beaver Streets,
JACKSON VILLl^:, FJ. A.
MB
i. SLAGER
FsRST-CLASS
)
t t
q%wmh pdmim^ Mmii
<^ 4.
CiJi:XEn . I DAMS AXB VJXr. STS,
JACKSONVILI.K. FLA.
''^^ivati
4 >
4 Transient Board,
J/UJKSO-NVIilE. ri;^.
I. GIMBINGER
?
\ V/a::h!r.ak2r, Jsy/gIsp, and Optician
Dealer and Man; tat ;i > r of
T'NE FLORIDA ORNAMENTS AND JEWELRY,
No. ^y U'est Ba\' >trfa-t, Jacksoin ilk-. MothLl
MRS. S. BARBER,
y^
AI>K)
FAMILY SEWING DONE TO ORDER.
Orders solicited and pronip+lN atr'!::' ^1 tu. Ail work done with
neatiK"-.- and di-parch.
Ja^etsottTtlle, Florida.
S. G. 8EVKIWO, Xotary Public.
U. t rK \ N'.KK, N it.ir-. I'liblic.
S. G. SEARING & CO.
FIRE Insurarice, MAB.INE Insurance, LIFE Insurance
,f hipping and (i!'ommi.$,$ion 5JlkTdiivnt,$,
Office No. H West Baj Street, Jacksonvillo, Jla.
A_'''nT"**T H Squi^^'^" N Y. SchDoru'r I. in-'; office U\ Front Strt-et,
>'ew \\>rk, <Tf*n»'ral Stt^ainboat Au'^-nt^. A^'rnts HallV
Safes. Dt-alern in KetU Estate. Ivciant ne^'otiatt-d.
TOUR THROUGH FLORIDA.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER, ST. AUGUS-
TINE. PALATKA WD < liKSCENT CITY.— A TRIP UP THE
ST. JOHN'S RIVER A.N D LAKES GEORGE AND MONROE.—
A BRIEF SKETCH OF INPIAX UIVV.R IXCLUDING AN
ACCOUNT OF A VOYAGE LP TUK UKLAWAHA RIVER.
SILVER SPRINGS, LAKES GRli UN, EUSTIS AND HAR-
RIS, AND OF THE ORANGE GROVES ALONG THE ROUTE.
V,\ \\ \! A. PRINGLE.
Ever since its discovery Florida has been the land
of romance and fable. The land where nature assumes
her brightest garb, and wliere every object is pleasing to
the eye and soothing to the senses^ has a history that is
one series of vicissitudes and misfortunes. From the
' time that its soil was baptised by the blood of its first
discoverer to within a very recent period, its annals have
been stained by violence, contention and blood shed, and
it has been the apple of discord betw^een contending races
and nations. The bloodthirsty Seminole, the adventurous
Spaniard, the fiery Frank, and the irrepressible Anglo-
Saxon, have in turn shed their blood for its possession,
and left their bones to whiten on its soil, while the re-
morseless hand of bigotry has stained its historv w4th some
of the foulest crimes. Race animosity, religious intole-
rance, political hatred and sectional strife have all in
turn visited its smiling shores with their baneful influ-
ences.
Its wars and misfortunes are for the present at an end,
and a new era of peace se^is to be dawning on it,
while its shores are yearly visited by the invalid and
tourist in pursuit of health and recreation, and by the
impoverished with a view of mending their broken for-
tunes. On its past history w^e will not dwell, but shall
confine ourselves to giving an account of its present con-
dition and resources and a description of the cities, tow^ns
;iiid settlements in the eastern part of the State, as well
as of its rivers and streams, lakes, springs, forests,
swamps, orange, lemon and fruit groves, and of its fish-
ing and hunting attractions. We will describe the old
Spanish city of St. Augustine, around which cluster so
many past associations : the city of Palatka and Crescext
16
-n
m
A GUIDE TO
City, the home of the orange grower. We will take the
tourist along with us on a Trip up the St. John's River
and the lakes beyond, and point out the attractions of
Indian River and its vicinity, the *' Eden " of Florida.
We will wind up with a voyage up the Okl.ws aha
River, Silver Springs Run, Silver Springs, and lakes
Griffin. Eustis and Harris; an ! >vill rake a glance
while passing at the orange and lemon -n>\.-~. });m;iiia
plantations and flower gardens along the ^litV' f ni routes.
' THE ST. JOHNS ivl\ IK
The St. John's River. cMlkni by ihr Frfiu-h ihc l:i\er
May. and by the Spaniards the San M.itt^o, is a large,
bold and beautiful stream, wl-i-li takiiiL;- ii^ ri^t ;iinong
the swamps and springs of South' [M MtkIm. fl^w^ -iirect-
ly north for a distance of more than 4oo milr-. ind tmii
ing eastward, 25 miles n"!'Mi of .f;ic]x-^(.ii\ illr. .nij-iies
int') the Atlantic ocean. '\'\\>- -Iimt,^ ,,!i citlitr -idf are
luw and fla^. and tli*' t'a!! "T TJif imn-'I- t'roni its -^iiiirco t'>
its outlrl i^ vur}' Lcradaal. i-'Mid-'fiiiu' it^ coursr .■>lo\v Mtid
sluggish, thus URiking th*- a^criit i-^'inarkahly easy and
safe. For the same reason the ocean iid< .-^ are felt np its
course as far as Lake George, a distance <'f ir.n miN's.
Besides its sources in Soutli* in Florid n it lia- nnni. I'Mi<
tributaries, such as Deep Run or P mn - < r» . k, tla < >kla-
waha, Alexander Springs Creek. tli. W- ki\ a. and otlit r<.
' Those tributario'^. wlii'di arc n;i n iL;-alil-', and (Mnn'-cT wit h
large lakes or .^prni.;^, iudp U) .swcil tlic xi'iuni- "t' waUT
in the lower p<»rti ^n of the river, until n impasses in
bulk the waters of the Rio Grande. It is in many rc^spects
unlike anv other ri\'''i'. and fr'Un ;r- mMuili \,, Palatka. a
distance of 100 miles. \ ari<^ from one nnh" to six nnl.- in
width, and is a succession <^v i-liain 'd' lak''<. dotted wnth
beautiful and well wootled islands. ItssliMiN-. wli. i. not
cultivated, are for the most ]^art rl(^o])l\ w i-d with
forests of oak. cypress, sweet k""'- 1'"m-. palm.'tt'i and
magnolia, which are draped in han^inu -i»'\ m >--. wjiile
the trunks of the trees, 15 or ?0 feel from th- water's
edge, are clothed with vines, jessamines, woe !1 n- -. and
other parasitic ] lant- wliirli hang in festoons, wreaths,
garlands, and drapery of the most beautifn] \ • ilnre,
until they kiss the water, and freiin. ntly taking posses-
sion of a stump or old decayed and prostrate tree trunk,
spread out over it and into the water, formin<r a r^'eli ear
pet of green on the very surface of the stream a lung the
river's edge for the distance of five or six feet. 1 hrough-
out the entire length of the river this is one of the most
striking and beautiful features of the shore scenery.
Sometimes in their upward growth these vines embrace
t
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
87
at the top and form the most perfect arches, and assume
fna^ry variety of graceful aitd fantastic form. Where the
banks have been cleared and are under cultivation, the
shores are lined with beautiful groves of orange and
lemon tr. .-. and (hiring the winter, when they are loaded
with tin ir ladliant fruit, present a succession of shore
scenery of -urpassin;; lovehness, and call to mind the
famuli-^ Greek legend of the Gardens of the Hesperides
witli their golden apjdes. while here and thereat inter-
vals lMtN\ ern tlie nnmerous groves, the handsome dvvell-
ino:s hui-icd am'.ji^:- ^i-eve^ of live oaks, or situated on the
i»ru\vs of e(.mmanding hills, or nestled among the orange
trees, enhance the general beauty of the scenery.
The river from its moutli i<> Jacksonville has already
been descrilMMl in thr ^-arlier part of this work, and we
shall contin.' ..ni-.selves to gi\ in- an niitiiue of a irij* np
its course to Lakes George and AlMin-or. and sliall note as
we pass along its banks tlie i.nncipal objects of interest
and beauty that strikr tin- tra\-elrr"> eyt\ as w<dl as its
towns, settlements and landings and the i)lantatin]i> and
oraiigr groves that line its shores, thus t^ndeavdnng to
assist the tourist in recognizing and appreciating thr nii-
merons attraetiva and h.-autiful p^»int^ ahaig his lim^ uf
travrl.
Leaving Jacksonville on the steamer TTattie. and tmd. r
thf i-:\v>' ^^f its ronrtemi^ and attentive commander. Capt.
L. M. Coxetter. Wo start s(.)Ulh and np tlv river, inlialing
the soft and balmy breeze, rendered nnid Ijv its ])a>>age
over vast sheets of water— lakes and streams tliat have
their rise in thf warm and semi-tro])ieal (dime («f Southmi
Florida. A<piartrr<»f a mil.- .^Mijth (if ,J(U'ksMHville and
on t1i(' w.'-tci'n -^liorc. Wf hclmld the juctnresque little
\ illagc -f Brooklyn, located on a hcautifni. gcntlv >]..p-
ing hhiff near a l)cnd in tin- rivta- hank: and just beyond
this and Mil the > nit.-kirt-. tin- >'ntl»anout of " Riverside.
These ma V h^th h.' c. .hvkPt-mI a^ sulairbs of Jaeksonvillo,
and wiH x.in;/ (hi\ Itt- nndudcd within its corporate limits.
They present a beautiful appearance from the river, and
resemble a collection of villas, containnm^ many hand-
some dwellings. Beyond these places the river expands
into a lak<^ three miles in width, tlic hurdt^rs being dotted
here and tlirr.' witli counti-v residences overlooking the
streann l^ihiix . r (diannel is marked out by a series of
buoys fr(<m a (piartcr of a mil* tu a mile apart. These
buoys extend lr(jm the mouth to J'cdatka. a distance of
100 miles.
< >n the eastern hank, situated about three miles from
Jacksonville, is the handsome cross-shaped two story
dwelling of Mrs Alexander ]\Iii. Iiell, of Milwaukie. with
88
A GUIDE TO
a pretty garden and fine orange grove. Our little steamer
speedsup the river, and soon brings us in sight of- Philip's
Point, or Point Lavista, where there is a magnicent
grove of live oaks. We do not stop here, but continue
our voyage, and catch a passing glimpse of Black Point
on the western shore, and the settlement of Mulberry
Grove on an elevation on a curve of the river. The
stream here maintains its lake like character, while the
deeply wooded shores form a succession of lict\^, coves,
and small peninsulas jutting out into the river. Nume-
rous settlements appear along tiie banks, breaking what
would otherwise become a monotonous scene, and ini-
parting variety to the landscape view. The shores in
some places are so low that the forests appear at a little
distance off to spring from the water. \\ e speed along
and pass the settlement of Oran(;e Grove on the west
side, a thriving place laid out by the Orange Park Com-
pany, of which Mr. G. W. Benedict is the movino: cipiHt.
We now reach the village of
MANUAIMV
On the east of the river, near which are several valuable
orange groves; among others that of Mrs IT I' ^""ne.
This is a settlement of two hundred and fifty mli linlants,
and is a popular resort for travelers. There uru two or
three good stores here. Leaving this place and turning
a bend in the river, we approach a fine bay called Fruit
Cove, where oranges, lemons, grapes, bananas, and
other fruits are successfully cultivated. Several promi-
nent merchants from Jacksonville have country seats
and groves here, and the place promises to be a wealthy
and thriving neighborliood. We pass this place and
plough our way up the river, and next land at
HlBLi.NiA.
On the western bank, a settlement of a few houses, con-
taining a hotel kept by Mrs. Fleming, and is a favorit(^
resort for invalids during the winter season. We start
again and skirt along the shores and pass New Switzer-
land and Remington Park, settlements on the east of
the river, and only a mile apart. Without stopping we
leave these two miles behind us, and stop at
MAGNOLIA,
Also on the west of the river, and 29 miles by water from
Jacksonville. This is also a great winter resort, and
boasts a fine hotel, called the Magnolia Hotel. Two miles
more of traveling bring us to
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
GREEN COVE SPRINGS,
89
On the west of the river. This is a picturesque little vil-
lage, with a few business houses and two large hotels—
the Clarendon, kept by Messrs. Harris & Applegate, and
the Union. There is a spring here of beautiful clear
water, impregnated with sulphur and of a temperature of
75 degrees. The bathing is considered beneficial to
invalids, and all necessary bathing facilities can be ob-
tained, such as hot, cold, and swimming baths. Those
afflicted with rheumatism, gout, or Briglit's kidnev com-
plaint, have been known to derive great benefit from the
use of the water. We next pass Orange Dale, Ho-
garth's Landing, and
PICOLATA,
On the eastern shore. The last named place was former-
ly a Spanish settlement, and the landing place on the St.
John's for the city of St. Augustine, but it has now
fallen to decay, and Tocoi is at present the point of access
from the St. John's to St. Augustine. W^e are again in
motion steaming up the river, and after a run of 49 miles
fr«M! facksonville, find ourselves at
TOCOI,
A settlement on the eastern shore of the river, containing
about ten or twelve houses and two stores, which are
scattered about without any re,o-,'vd to regularitv. This
place is fifteen miles from St. Augustine, with which it
is connected by a steam railway. This road was built
and run some years ago as a horse tramwav. In the
year 1874 it was purchased by a new company and con-
verted into a steam railway. Mr. D. G. Ambler, a ban-
ker of Jacksonville, was at that time tlie President. In
1877 Mr. Ambler's interest was purchased by Mr. W. i^.
Astor, of New York, who now owns a controlling inter-
est in the road. Tlie present officers are R. McLaughlin
President and Superintendent; Col. Henrv Gaillard,'
agent at Tocoi and Paymaster and Auditor: J. M. Hal-
lowes, agent at St. Augustine and Treasurer. During
the winter season there are trains running from each
terminus four times a day, and connecting on the St.
John's with the river steamers plying up and down. This
road also connects with the Charleston and Florida
steamers and with the line from Savannah to Florida.
Ther(^ is also telegraphic and postal communication here
with all points north and south. Taking passage on this
raili'Qad we set out for the famous old Spanish city of
m
ST. AUGUSTINE,
The oldest in the United States bv more than fortv vears,
and founded at a period when Spain was at tlu htin^ht
of her greatness, and when she was the most formiddl'l'-
naval power in the world, and her possessions were so
vast ami extended, that she boasted that \i\>'>n ]ntr posses-
sion> ill' -mi ii'ver set. On the evening of tlie 8th of
May, 1565, Pedro Menendez, at the head ■ f the Castilian
( liivalry, landed on the shore of Florida, an! j'lanted tiie
liannpr nf SpniTi. nnfl ]^rni"1niTiif^d Phili]i IT ili-' vnvr'rt'i'j:Ti
i.f i]\f wliMif { '> .Ml ii^'iii I'f N'-rth America, aial laiT liie
lirbL i\,'Un<iani.'ii '.>i ihib <ai\ .
The ohi ( itv is now chi' tU aitractivp on account of its
age. ami Th.- (^M associations connects i wirh it- jia>t his-
tory. hiiT 1- L;Ta'liiai!y disappear! n;_; y far hy \.'ai-. ^"that
ill lialf actMiiui-N inure lilt!'' \\'\\\ be left of it, ex«-fpt the
"IT fi Tt and catii'''l!'a], aipi a t'fw iT flic ;niclfnt Spaiii-li
bu i JTiiiL;'-. wliii'l! \\\\\ v<-<]]:i]\\ ,i- !a,!ia!i;a rk - mI" t!if lii-t''i'\
of It- ti;--' t"' 'UiiTf r,-. A tii'-- rcccutiv -^^"'■j»t <'\< v it, ,1c-
stroyiug a large nuinlKT oi the old cikjiiiii,! )h>ii-.- in
the eastern part of the town, and had tii. \\iiiT Imjlu
blowing t'r-'-ii] \' at the time, !itt!.' ns^uIT lia\f iieen left
of the old cit\ . < ^vingto the nani w ness of the streets
aiiT tlie building'- 1"Mii_;- -i^ cjo-^fly (MMwTed tog^i li--r.
The most attractive part of the city i- tla- n-w jxirticii.
which occupies the sontli^'rn anT ^v*-^\'T\\ -icii,.)!^ n\\,{
th*^ "^^iiTnrlx. mid whirTi i- laiilt altrr tli« -t_\ !<■ ^t' tihMJ.Tn
towns. iu> iiisb'Ty lia-lMMh t'llll of iiie-uitait a.nT xaa--!^
tude. In 158G, Sir Francis Prake, then en<2:'JU''l m \vagiug
war upon the Spanish cciiuiiurce on thr ln^li seas, at-
tacked an i i>u! lit the to^^ ii.
In 1638, the Inlians attack. ! the place but were re-
pulsed, and the prisoners taken by the STaniarl- were
compelled to work on the fort.
In If'*''.".. ]Trates under tlio nnfr^rimi^ htirrnnpcr Davis,
].iuiiTfr..i lii.' town, an^! ila' .ati/.-ai- <'ii\\ ^a^t■T tlicm-
bchus fruiu Jl-.^ I ruction l^v uiking iriiigL- under the walls
of the fort.
In September, 1702, an exp'-.iit ;. .n wa- IrT again-t it
under Gov. Moore, of Soutli ( aiolina, ^vlli(•h succeeded
in capiUi-ing the town. Tnt the fort was a^.iin f. - .ited to
by the inhabitants as a place of refuge. The siege was
THE LAND OF FLOWERS,
91
finally raised by the arrival of two Spanish men-of-war
which compelled the Carolinians to retreat and abandon
their ships and stores.
In 1712, the vessels bringing in supplies from Spain
were delayed by the weather, and the inhabitants were
on the brink of starvation.
In 1740, Gov. Oglethorpe, of Georgia, at the head of
one thousand men, marched against St. Augustine, and
captured the suburbs and a part of the town, but was
finally forced to retreat and abandon the enterprise. The
fort again proved the salvation of the town. During the
siege, General Oglethorpe established a sand batterv on
the northern extremity of Anastasia Island, at a distance
of about six thousand yards, and opposite, hut after fortv
days bombardment, the fort was found to be inij^rocrnnble.
aii'l til.' .Sj);ihiai-.ls were left in peaceful possessi. .n mI' their
to\y]\. 11. .t ;i liouse having been >)urnt. ii..r a uarTt^n de-
stroyed, by the chivalrous Georgians. Some of the traces
of the bonibatdnient may still he seen on the eastern wall
of this ^^rifii au.l w.\at1irr stained fortress.
The cjty. m I ;.;;;, wa^. ceded to England in exchange
for HavaiKt. \\ hich had been cai)tiired -sometime ])revious
by the British. On this occasion numercjus Si>anisli fami-
lies al.an.loned the town, rather than five under Engli.-ii
rule. The city was garrisoned by the English during the
revolutionaiw war, and reinforcements were organized
and sent from here to Savannali .Tiring the siege of that
city hv the Americans. Duiang the same war tif^tv,,r
sixty leading citizens from diarl.-t.ui. S. C. were de-
tained as prisoners in th. t wn. an.l Grnorat Gadsden
was imprisoned in the f. ut.
In 1784, it was again transferred to Spain, anl ila. Kn '•-
lish settlers were allowed eighteen niMuths to niuv. away
Many removed to South Carolina. Tnnaica, Brunswick*
Nova Scotia, and EnglatiT. Fiiuillv, in ISIO, it passed
into the possession of the United States.
At the outbreak of the Spanish war, St. Augustine was
threatened by the Indians, the plantations in the neio-h-
borhood burned, and the planters obliged to flv and take
refuge in the city, thus overcrowding the place and
causing a threat of famine, as there was onlv one sailing--
vessel on the line between this place and Charleston. anTl
postal communication with the outside world was inter-
rupted. The citizens were compelled to act as soldiers
and were on duty every third night, until relieved by the
arrival of troops and militia from South Carolina and the
United States.
During the late war between the North and South it
changed hands several times. Since then it has enjoyed
92
A GUIDE TO
the blessings of profound peace. It is situated on the
eastern coast of Florida, thirty-five miles below Jackson-
ville, and fifteen miles from Tocoi, the nearest point on
the St. John's River, which is connected with it by a
steam railway as before stated. It is on a x^eninsula,
bounded on the north by the mainland, on the east by
North River, the harbor channel and the ^Matansas River
separating it from Anafitasia Island, on the ocean, and
on the south and west by the San Sebastian River. >
It is built in the form of a parallelogram, a mile in
length and about three-quarters of a mile wide. It con-
tains about two thousand three hundred inhabitants, but
during the ^v^nter season ^the population is trii'i. il nnd
quadrupled by the influx of strangers.
The climate is admirably adapted to invalids and to
those in the early stages of pulmonary complaints, but is
too exciting for those m lii- more advanced stages of
the disease. The interior of Florida, near the rivers, is
much more desirable as a j lace of residence for the last
named class of sufferers. Its ancient coquina houses,
narrow streets, and grand old fort facing the channel,
and affording an admirable sea view; its town hall, city
gates, and, above all, its cathedral, and sea wall, a mile
long, and all built of coquina. attract the curiosity of all
visitors. To go to Florida without visiting St. Augustine,
would be as bad as visiting France without seeing Paris.
STREETS.
There are four principal streets running north and
south, and three of them not more thai! twelve or fifteen
feet wide. The first and widest is Bay street, on the
water front, and west of this Charlotte street, next St.
George street, and west of this Tolomato street. The
principal cross street is King street, running from Bay
street at right angles through the center of the town and
westward, and terminating in the causeway which leads
across the San Sebastian out of the city to the railway
station.
CITY GOVERNMENT.
The city government consists of a Mayor. 1 resident of
Council, City Physician, Clerk, Tax Collector, Assessor,
five Aldermen, and Town Marshal.
In the new section of the city can be found some of the
handsomest residences, and largest and finest "iinge
groves, in any town in this land of the sun. ^^ • will
now proceed to point out the objects of interest a.^ iliey
present themselves. The first on the sea front, at the
north east end of the city, is the
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
FORT,
93
Formerly Fort San Marco, now Fort Marion, commenced
in 1520, and completed in 175G, and situated on a high bluff
directly facing the channel and the northern end of Anas-
tasia Island. This is a venerable massive fortress, built
of coquina. This ancient time-worn and battle-scarred
fortification, towers above the town and country around
as w^ell as the harbor, frowning defiance on evervthing
in the vicinity, and when new must have been one'^of the
most formidable structures of its kind in any land. It is
now mouldy and decayed, and gradually"^ and slowly
crumbling into ruin, and remains but as a"^monument of
the past grandeur and military prowess of the once
haughty and adventurous Spaniard. There are several
cracks in the western w^all, but though condemned by
military engineers, in case of a foreign war it would yet
prove a formidable obstacle to vessels entering the chan-
nel, and would stand a longer bombardment than many
a newer fortress of brick and mortar now^ armed and
garrisoned. It is square shaped, with four large bastions
of immense thickness at the corners, and is twentv feet
in height, and surrounded by a moat five or six feet
deep, wiiich at one time could be flooded through a ditch
connecting it with the San Sebastian River. There is on
the outer edge of the moat a wall or batterv, behind
which infantry or artillery could be posted and used
with great effect. At the entrance is the lunette or
outer defense, from the parapet of which a hundred
men could fire with small arms upon approaching foes,
and could afterwards retire along the drawbridge in the
rear and leading into the fort. There is a belief that an
underground communication could be discovered between
this outer defense and the main fort.
On entering, yon find yourself in the square or parade
ground, measuring une hundred feet each way. Inside
there aiu twenty-seven casemates, thirty-five feet long
and eighteen feet wide. In former times, during the Indian
w^ars, and in cases of attack by sea, the citizens w^ould
flock to this stronghold, and take up their abode in these
bom I. proofs. The casemate in front of the sallv-port,
has on each side, as you enter it, a niche that was used
for holy water vessels, and at the end is an altar, and
above the altar a niche, where was at one time an
image of some saint or martyr of the early church. This
was the chapel where service was held. In another
bomb-proof is a raised platform ; this is supposed to
be the judgment hall where courts-martial were held.
Above this platform is an aperture or embrasure through
n
94
A GUIDE TO
which '• Wikl Cat," one of the Seminole chiefs escaped,
but was afterwards recaptured. In an adjoining bomb-
proof Oseola was confined.
In a neighboring casemate is an opening which was
cut for the purpose of discovering an underground
passage, which was supposed to connect the cathe-
dral and the fort. In another casemate, formerly the
kitchen, is a bake oven. Under the northeast bastion we
find a dark, gloomy dungeon, twenty feet long and six
feet wide, where not a ray of light can penetrate. This
was once built up and cut off from all communication
with the rest of the fort. We will here quote from the
Florida Pathfinder of 1877, page 23:
*' The terre-plein of the northwest bastion in 184G fell in,
revealing a dark and dismal dungeon. We have heard from
the lips of a relial^le person, still a resident of St. Augus-
tine, and who was present at the time of the above acci-
dent to the foi-t, the following facts: I s'tood upon the edge
and looked down into this dungeon, and there saw tlie
complete skeleton of a human being lying at full length,
apparently on its back, the arms were*^ extended from tlie
body, and the skeleton fingers were wide open ; tli(^re
appeared to be a gold ring on one of tlie fingers. En-
circling the wrists were iron bands, attached to which
were chains fastened to a hasp in the coquiiia wall, near
the entrance to the dungeon. The militarv engineer hav-
ing charge of the fort descended into this dungeon, when
his curiosity was excited by the discoverv to the north-
east of a broad stone, differing greatlv in 'iimensions and
appearance from those of which the wall was built. He
noticed, moreover, that the cement which held this stone
in its place differed in composition, and appeared to be
more recent. On the removal of this stone, the present
dark, dismal, and fearful dungeon was disclosed. On
entering with lights, there were found at the western end
two iron cages suspended from hasps in the wall. One
of the cages had partially fallen down IV- in ni-i ;;nJ
decay, and human bones lay scattered on the i! M^r; the
other remained in its position, holding a pile ot human
bones. Tlie latter cage and contents may be seen in the
Smithsonian Institute, at Washingtcm."
This second dungeon is about the same length as the
first, but wider, with a low arched roof from eight to ten
feet \i\'j:].. H- i> not a breath of nir can be obtained when
the entrance is sealed up. It is the opinion of wvaiw that
there are like dungeons under the other three bastions.
Whether the story of the skeleton and cages be true or
not, we are unable to say, but we can imagine no more
horrible death than one inflicted in this manner.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 95
Ascending a broad stairway of two flights, we reach
the top or parapet of the fort, from which can be obtained
a superb view of the channel and the ocean beyond. On
this battlement were formerly mounted heavv guns that
commanded the channel and surrounding countrv On
the corner of each bastion there was a circular ^tower
but one of them has recently fallen. The fort sustained
a heavv bombardment from batteries erected on Anas-
tasia Island by General Oglethorpe in 1740, but received
no injury beyond a few scars on its sea front, tlie marks
of which are yet visible. There are twenty old fashioned
Spanisli guns in the fort. In front of the sea wall of the
fort IS a low battery, about five feet high and fifteen feet
wide, which torms a fine promenade connected with the
SEA WALL,
Which is the next object of interest. This was originally
a Spanish structure, but was rebuilt by the United States
Government in 18;J7, and was six yccirs in buildin- and
cost one hundred thousand dollars. It extends from Fort
Clarion along the River Matanzas, and in front of the
town for a distance of nearly a mile, to the barracks south
ot the city, and is ten feet above low water mark, seven
teet thick at the base, and three feet wide on top and
capped with granite. It forms a fine promenadi,' iust
wide enough for two persons to walk abreast, and is a
favorite resort for lovers or those who are sentimentallv
mchned Near the plaza the wall is recessed, and forms
a basin two hundred and fifty feet long and one hundred
feet wide, where the fishermen bring in their boats.
THE FISH MARKET
Is at the end of this basin. At the southern extremitv
ot tiie wall is a similar basin, where pleasure boats and
yachts are harbored. In the center of the old city is the
PLAZA DE LA CO^N^STITUTION,
Or iiMic square, which is furnished with seats and sur-
rounded bv a row of Pride of India trees. In the center
is the mojh^^neiit erected in 1812, in honor of the liberal
Constituti^i granted to the colony by Spain. It is a mar-
ble pyramidal shaped shaft, about twentv feet hig-h with
^l "^;^;^^P^l«n in Spanish commemoratiVe of the event
^^e^following IS the translation taken from the Path-
f ].r i-""^ ^""^T ^''"^ '^"'^^^'''^ .^^ ^^^^^^^^ t^ *^^e United States,
the King of Spam granted a liberal Charter to the citi-
zens of St. Augustine and of Florida, and this monument
96
A GUIDE TO
is a memorial erected by the Spanish citizens of St. Au-
gustine. The date of this Constitution was the 17th of
October, 181-2."
On the north side of the plaza is the old
CATH EDRAL,
An oblong coquina building, erected in 1793, at an ex-
pense of about $17,000. It has a quaint Moorish belfry,
in which are three niches in a row, containing each a
bell, and above these, and in a line with the clock, is a
fourth niche, also containing a bell. The oldest bell is
dated 1G82, On the north side of the city, and west of
the fort, is the
CITY GATE,
And on either side a portion of a wall. The coquina
pillars and towers, with sentry boxes and loop holes, are
still in good preservation. At the southern end of the
sea wall are the
BARRACKS,
Formerly the Convent of St. Joseph, but now used as the
officers' quarters. On the top of the building is a terrace
along its entire length, one hundred and forty feet long
and five feet wide, and railed in. From this there is a
splendid view of the islands and the ocean, and also an
excellent birds-eye view of the city and the country be-
yond for a distance of six or eight miles. Back of the
Convent is the new building, the barracks proper, where
the privates are quartered, and south of the Convent the
HOSPITAL,
A fine two and a half story building, with piazzas on
each floor, extending entirely around it. We next ap-
proach the
CEMKTFin',
Or military burying ground. There are two others be-
sides this; the Catholic Cemetery on Tolomato street,
and the Huguenot Cemetery outside the city gate. In
the Military Ci.MKTERY are three mounds or ivrmn'^lal
shaped tumuli, iniikini:" flu- y^nm where are ini' ritd ilie
remains of Maj-r \hidv, aiui h;.> wiie huiirlrrMl ;t:i.l seven
comrades, who wire massacred by the luliau- when on
their way to the Withlacoochee River to join Gen. Clinch.
These were sent from Fort Brooke, at 1aiii[;t. to rein-
force Gen. Clinch, and on the 28th of Decern!' r, 1835,
w^ere attacked by eight liii 111 I' 1 Tnliai!- in ambush. At
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
9^
t
the first fire more than half the soldiers were killed or
wounded, but the remainder returned the fire, and a
small six-pounder cannon was used with some effect until
the artillerymen were all killed or wounded. The In-
dians then showed themselves, leaving their ambush and
thus disclosing their numbers, of whom one hundred
were mounted. The fight was kept up for an hour, when
the Indians slackened their fire, and the soldiers felled
trees and erected a triangular fortress as a protection.
The respite, however, was temporary. The Indians again
rushed on with whoop and yell to complete the fearful
butchery, and a desperate hand to hand conflict was
maintained, until all but three of the soldiers wer^ killed
or wounded. These three managed to escape and tell
the sad tale. During the conflict the soldiers used their
bayonets and clubbed their muskets, and the Indians
made use of their knives and tomahawks.
After the battle the wounded were killed and scalped,
and the victors danced a war dance over the battle
ground, and at length left the field of carnage with the
dead unburied, lying in the postures in which they had
fallen.
A dog belonging to Capt. Gardner escaped and re-
turned to Tampa, giving at that place the first intimation
of the bloody work that had been perpetrated. W lien
fresh troops arrived on the scene, they beheld then- dead
comrades lying w^here they had fallen, with the stern
expression of battle still on their faces, which w^ere turned
in the direction of the quarter from which their savage
foes had attacked them. They were buried on the bat-
tle field, and the six-pounder cannon was placed upright
in the ground to mark the spot. Their remains were
afterwards removed to this place. There is here a monu-
ment, consisting of a marble shaft, with inscriptions on
ihe f*>iir faces. On one we read,
'• i hi^ monument, in token of respectful and affection-
ate remembrance by their comrades of all grades, is com-
1 iiitted to the care and preservation of the garrison of St.
Augustine."
On another is the following:
''A mute record of all the officers who perished, and
are here and elsewhere deposited, as also a portion of the
soldiers, has been prepared and placed in the office of the
Adjutant of the Post, where it is hoped it will be care-
fully and perpetually preserved.''
On another is inscribed:
"This conflict, in which so manv perished in battle and
by disease, commenced 25th December, 1835, and termi-
nated 14th of August, 1842." •
98
A GUIDE TO
I-
On the fourth we find:
'•'Sacred to the memory of the officers and soldiers
killed in battle, and died in service during the Florida
war."
The Catholic Cemetery is on Tolomato street, and is
quite a contrast in appearance to a more modem ceme-
tevy. The graves are mostly marked by black and white
wooden crosses, along which the inscriptions are written.
This place is very little used at present. The New
Catholic Cemetery is on tlie shell road, some dis-
tance from the city gate, where the first Catholic Church
formerly stood.
The Huguenot Cemetery is on the shell road, just
outside the city gate.
[ PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
Back of the plaza towards the west, is the old Spanish
Governor's mansion, which has been repaired and re-
modelled, and converted into a postoffice. The front or
main building is of coquina, but the western CKtension,
which is of wood, is new. having been added to the old
building in 1873. In this section are the public library
rooms, and the customhouse rooms. Capt. T. T. House
is collector of the port here. At the east end of the plaza
is the
OLD SPANISH MARKET,
An ordinary coquina structure, remarkable merely for its
antiquity. The market will shortly be removed to a new
building on Hospital street, and the Spanish building will
be repaired and converted into a Pagoda or pleasure
resort.
HOTELS.
Near the Cathedral and facing the plaza, is the St. Au-
gust ine Hotel, kept b}' Capt. E. E. Vail. This is one of the
largest hotels in the South, and can accommodate more
than four hundred guests. On St. George street, north
of the plaza, is the Magnolia Hotel, of which M t W . \\ .
Palmer is the proprietor. At the corner of St. George
and Treasury streets is the Florida Hoft.se. On Treasury
street is the old Florida House, which is attached to and
part of the new structure. There are also the Marion
House on Charlotte street, and the Atlantic Hotel.
BOARDING HOUSES.
On the corner of King and Tolomnto streets, and back
of the Postoffice. is the Sunxvside House, kept by Capt.
T. T. House. This is quite a handsome building, in the
shape of a double M, and divided into sections, with pri-
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 99
vate balconies on each storv On tnn r^f fiw. 1
tamifies. *" " ad.mrably arranged for boarding
On Cliarlotte street a few doors north of the nlaza nnrl
near the 8t Augustine Hotel, is the boarding'^ house of
Mis. J. \. Herxandez, one of the oldest and verv Wt
^mn^'^^f'''' '" »'- '=•*>■• It is'a th^ee'stt?
ro, m r^P«^^„f V> '"'""•^ '■'I?"'®' ^ commodious dining
floo" and Hdil"- "f ""'•"'"', ^"' 8«"tle'n«i on the firs^t
noor and ladies parlor on the second storv There -.v^
eighteen bed rooms, all carpeted in winter? The table is
vh le'l^Tn-'aTten;,!;':*-^- "" Tf 'l?"^^"^^ ^^ ^ -a 'n
^^nn^i ever> attention is paid to the comfort and n^^-n^^
n":T;^tiXd^t?ir?V'":"'''*t Thel^use'hasr^-
iiLui\ rurnis,lied throughout, and contains rooms suitablp
.^.s^pStlC uHv aT/f ""'r- }' '« ""« <^^ thc"a?ge^'tt^d
nrJ fi,?^ • l"Vate boarding houses n the city There
brardci*^,''ll'V'^'''^°^''^'"-'''^^««« '» "'« torn;, w Irl
board can be had on reasonable terms.
CHURCHES.
l,„Vif ii"" '""•'' ''''^*' °,^ *'^e P'a^a is the Episcopal Church
built of coquina a plain .structure, with a quaint sS
steeple shmged the whole length. On St tfeor"e street
any kind '^ ''"' '°'^"'"'* ^""'""S" ^'"'^'^"t ornament of
conve:n'ts.
The old Convent of St. Joseph, now iised a's offinar-,-
quarters, has been already mentioned Besides tWs on
Aew Cox\vext of St. Joseph, a handsome lare-e bnild
"ll,^ three stories high, with a fine court fadnfnort).
Thi'i'l ? 'm'*^ *'^' '.'""^'i"^ '^'•^ "-"^^^ of Gothic window '
This building IS alsoot coquina. the favorite build ne ma
terial ,n use here. This was erected in 1874 A tf chid
to It ,s a flower garden. Tiie old Convent of St Mai v's
r" t*- ?S?'"^;^ '"■?^*- n'^^'- th^ cathedral. ^^ ^
,, ar<4*f ***• -^lar-ys Convent is the Bishop's residence
Ly Jria^T<hTreK' ^ °^ ''- P'--' -'^ -- ^^
CONFEDERATE MONUMENT
fausf TI,i' ^'^? t'^'-.^^^mory of the martyrs of thei.06-<
sboff '.n , *i a'^^o of coquina, and consists of a broken
shatt, on a pillar or pedesta . On the back of the nili^v
.s inserted a white marble slab, with tWs inscripUoi'if*'
100
A GUIDE TO
" Erected by the
Ladies* Memorial Association of St. Augustine, Fla.,
A. D. 1872."
In front, on a white shield-shaped marble tablet, sur-
mounted by a cross, is the following :
" In Menioriam,
Our loved ones who gave their lives in the Service of the Confede-
rate States."
While on either side of this is a plain marble slab, with
the names of the fallen heroes.
'' How blest is he who draws
His sword in freedom's cause !
Though dead on battle-field,
Forever to his tomb
Shall youthful heroes come,
Their hearts for freedom steeled,
And learn to die on battle-field."
CIIMMTABLE INSTITUTIONS.
On King street, corner of Bronson street, is the Col-
ored Home, a fine large two and a half story building,
with a mansard roof and piazzas on both stories, north
and south of the building. This was built by Dr. Bronson,
and endowed by ^Mr. Buckinizliam Smith.
THE BATHl.Ni. HOUSE
Is situated on Bay street, and built out over the water.
This is a wooden building of one story, on a circular
coquina foundation, which forms the swimming bath.
Here can be obtained warm or cold batlis, at the option
of the visitor. The building was erected in 1872.
.\L\\>i APERS.
The Florida Press, is a weekly six column sheet, estab-
lished eight years ago, and has 800 subscribers. Mr. J.
F. Whitney, publislier of the Florida Path-Finder, is also
the editor and proprietor of this paper.
A ramble through the city among the private resi-
dences, gardens and orancre proves:
i;A\ -lUEET.
On this street, and opposite the Bathing House, is th^
residence of Mr. Daniel Edgar, built of coquina, an^
cemented and painted. On this street, opposite the plaza,
is the
CLUB HOUSE,
A tastv building, handsomely furnished with piazzas run-
ning around it. Further on, and one door south of the
plaza, is the residence of Mr. Aspinwall, of New York, a
neat dwelling, with front porch and piazzas on both
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
101
stWies, extending around the house. Attached to this is
a Kower garden, with a hedge of Cherokee roses. South
of this, and of the favorite building material, is the resi-
dence of Miss Worth, a daughter of General Worth, of
Mexican war fame. In front of Mr. Aspinwall's is the
Boat House of Commodore Douglass, of the St. Augustine
Yacht Club.
y TOLOMATO STREET.
On this street, south of the old Catholic Cemetery, is
the residence of Mrs. Ball, one of the largest and hand-
somest private dwellings in the city, with a sqnnro tower
on one side of it nad a cupola on top. The gruunds are
laid out on a grand scale, and upon entering the premises
the visitor feels as if he ImI suddenly stepped from the
city into the ccuniiv . The approach to the house is an
avenue wiili i-mus of orange trees on either side, beauti-
fii]I\ arched overhead, and the foliage of ^\]n>h is so
tiuck that the sim <min..t penetrate. There are numer-
ous other well ^li.i'it i a \'!iues, drives and walks through-
nnt the groujuis. ami a vi ry large au'i dd orange grove,
completely shading the ground, Tlitie is also a fine
flower garden here, careful! v laid out, and containing
clioice selections of native an! iDreign plants and flowers.
Along the sha<l\ walks, at intervals, are arbors, rustic
chairs, settees and sofas. Near the house is a winil mill,
and within the enclosure are too picturesque cottages.
Tti front of the dwelling are four gigantic trees, in the
uuuk of one of which is a gas lamp attached and faring
the avenue. This lamp is kept lighted at night wli.m the
family reside here. These grounds cover more than
fifteen acres.
Further south, corner of Tolomato an 1 King streets, is
the residence of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a handsome two
story building, of the favorite material. The gr .uimIs are
beautifully laid out in lawns and parterres, avenues.
drives and walk^. Tlio lawnv are carpeted with tnrf. and
u!i'r«>eeled Willi lumierous jialhs. There is a splendid
"laiige grove of 1,500 trees, covering over fifteen acre< in
the enclosure which contains in all twenty acres. The
I \v<> la-t named places are well worth visiting, and a few
i!'>ur-("uld be deliglit fully employed in wandering over
Th. ui^und-. < >n King street, opposite Dr. Anderson's is
Mr. (jriiberts residence. There are fine grounds and an
orange grove here.
ST. GEORGE STREET.
On this street, one door south of King, is the residence
of ]>r T^ronson, brought from Philadelphia fifty years
ago. Back of this is a flower garden and a date tree in
18
>
102
A GUIDE TO
bearing. On the west side of the same street, and further
south, is Mr. Amidon's residence, a neat wooden building,
with mansard roof. The beautiful flower garden around
this is artistically laid out, and contains a great variety
of flowers, while throughout the grounds there are foun-
tains scattered at intervals. On the same side of the
street, still further south, we reach the dwelling of Mr.
J. P. Howard, of New York, with grounds tastily ar-
ranged and the lawns beautifully turfed and carpeted
with verdure the entire year. The walks and paths are
cemented, and groups of statuary are found here and
there in the enclosure.
Tontinuing southward, we arrive at the residence of
Ml A. J. Alexander, of Kentucky. On the St. George
street front of the house there is a handsome bay a i!i.|-\\ .
and on the grounds are a fine orarge grove an ! pictu-
resque English garden, with the lawns covered with turf.
On the southwest corner of Bridge and St. George streets,
is the abode of Mr. Robert Br. wi^on. with a neat ^jrnrden
and well turfed lawns in froni, while back of the huuse
the garden extends westward, and contains choice varie-
ties of roses and other plants. Further souih i- \\\r cot-,
tage shaped dwelling of Mr .1 ! Wilson, where there
are handsome gardens. Within the uimm!^ are three
neat cottages and a will! mill and tnnk i. i wit. liim the
garden. On the north side of the house is a Mjuare car-
peted with turf, which is kept as a croquet ground.
KING strp:et.
This street leads out of the city to the causeway and
bridge over the San Sebastian River. The end near the
causeway is completely arched with magnificent oaks,
and forms a splendid avenue.
THE SHELL ROAD.
Outside the gate is the Shell Road, or drive, lendinir ^o
the new Catholic Cemeterv. On this road is the rc.^i J^ nee
of Mr. H. P. Kingsland, of New York, a large two story
building, with eliptical shaped mansard roof. There is a
large and flourishing orange grove as well as a fine flower
garden on the premises, the whole encl(»sure covering
fourteen acres. There are several other fine residences
and grounds on this road, extending to the cem^tnv.
There is a fine drive on the Bea' tt ;ilong the Sm s. l,ns-
tian River.
A.NA>;rA.>iA iM.ANl'
Is opposite the city and on the ocean, mid extt-nd^ fiMin
the channel southward, for eighteen miles to .Maianzas
Inlet. The island is well wooded, and its average width
is about three-fourths of a mile. On this islan 1 is foiini
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
103
the CoQuiNA, which extends along the greater part of the
island, and contmues to grow, being formed bv the action
of the sea water upon the sand and shells. On the island
IS ati old Lighthouse, built by the Spaniards in 1760 A
new Lighthouse was erected bv the United States Gov-
ernment m 1874. and is 1G5 feet high, from the summit of
which the view is superb.
AMUSEMENTS.
The facilities for boating and yachting are very good
and in the winter season frequent visits are made bv tour-
ists to Aor//?, and So2ith Beach, Anastasia Maud, and the
sand fort of General Oglethorpe, the lighthouses and co-
quina quarries, and Fish Island, while picnic parties
trequently go as far as Matanzas Inlet, where an agree-
able day can be spent, (hi the
OUTSInIKFS
Is the settlement of Ravexswood, comprising a tract of
1,000 acres, the property of Mr. J. F. W hitney. We now
take our leave of the city, and cross the causewav and
bridge on our way to the railwav station. On the
other ^v]o of the bridge we pass the dwelling and
grouna.s ui Mr. Daniels, of New York, and final! vr.a.li
the train, and stepping aboard bid a last adieu to the old
bpanish city, with its associations of the past
\
!
%
^
ST, JOHN'S RAILROADj
CONNECT! X'^ WITH THK
Cliaiiestou and Savaimali Steamers.
>V V
1
__- :.*^.-^-i«l^.,,.>
Leaves TOCOI aM [^T. AUdUSTINE Four Times a Day
DURING THE TRAM LING SEASON.
FARE $2.00 EACH WAY.
R. McLaughlin, l>rpsiclent anl mii* nnn'ndent.
H. GAII.UAIM) \-> Mt at Tocoi,
J. M. H A 1.1.' 'NV KS. Aoreiii ur >t A ii_-iiM iiie.
E. L. lEWII & BEO.
ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
THE HERNANDEZ HOUSE,
CHARLOTTE STREET,
TWO 1>.>.)US IKoM TKlAVSlin,
. ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA."'
This House is strictly First Class, and Guests wii tin 1 -oud atten-
tion, particularly IiivaluN
i..i£r
> MRS. J \'. HKKNANl'F.Z. ri-Mprietress.
TOCOI.
An hour's ride l.rin-s us to Tocoi, where we again em-
h.irk .11 hoard the steamer and pursue our journey up the
8t. .ImJimA River. < 'm route lies through the same series
of smali iiummock: lands, alternating with ornni:^ and
baiKiiKi groves. We ]iass Federal .toiut, and a mile
higij'T !!]> (''>in^^ in sight oi *
()H.\.\i.K MILLS,
on til." pattern -huiv, and sixty nui^'S from Jacksonville.
NuiiicToUb uiaiige groves are at tlii> landing and in the
vicinity, one of the oldest of which is that of .Air. T. Snni-
-ler Ma\^. wliir]] dates back to a period long prior to the
uar Two inil.> h. voii.lthis we passDancy's whcivf, and
steaming on our wav ii]i tin' livri- uia'ive at
W 11 riLr^ i'j.N L > L.\ N DING,
On the western bank. We make but a short stay, and
our vessel is again bounding on, and brings us in a short
timp in ^^ight of
RUSSELLS LANDING,
Tlircp niilc^ ingnc-r up. on the eastern bank. We take
Ihil a glimpse of this in passing, and hasten onward, and
at length reach
PALATKA,
A tlii-iving and i.ir-tnrpsqnp t'lwn, situated on the western
shore, <'n an iTilrt nr (•(ivc. and 100 miles nptliP rivpr. and
?5bv'\vai.r rr^ni .Ia«-k>' .n\- ill''. This is tht- ttTininus^ of
the ( 'harlL'.sluu and i'"iorida, and iheSavannali and Florida
Steanitjrs. , ^ ,
It has been settled >ince 1837, the period of the termi-
nation of the Semino].' \v;\r. before whidi .latf tlie coun-
t!\ in the neiKl'i'Jhuod was occupied by the Indians,
its name is of Imlian o]-io-in, and signifies Cow f(ird.
Next to Jacksonviilr it i- tlip largest town on the St.
John's "Rivf^r. and i^ a thn\ ,ng and grov,ing place, with
a }M)pnlaii<'n of 1,300 souls, and is in postal and telegraphic
IMIMIONAI S! (OM) IXl'OSl KK
ST. JOHN'S HAILHOAI),
CONNECTING WITH THE
Giiariestoii niul Siivaiiii;ili Steamers.
Leases TOCOianyT,AyiilbTl:;EM Times a C;!
DUI11N(T THE TKAVELlN(i SEASON.
FARE $2.00 EACH WAY.
R. Mclaughlin, president and Superintendent.
H. GAILLARD, A^'ent at Toeoi,
J. M. HALLOWES, A-ent at S» VM-n^tin'
R. L. mwiif & mo.
ST. AUGUSTINE. FLA.
THE HERNANDEZ HOISE,
CHARLOTTE STREET,
TWO DOORS FROM TREASURY,
ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA.
This Hous. ,s ^tHcfy^F..^ Cla^s. ..,. Uueg. wiU «n.. .ood att.,.-
MRS. J. V. HEUXANDEZ, Pioiirietress.
TOCOI.
An hour's ride brings us to Tocoi, wliere we again em-
bark on board the steamer and pursue our journey up the
St. John's River. Our route lies through the same series
of small hummock lands, alternating with orange and
banana groves. We pass Federal loint, and a mile
higher up come in sight of V
ORAN(iE MILLS,
On the eastern shore, and sixt}' miles from Jacksonville.
Numerous orange groves are tit this landing and in the
vicinity, one of the oldest of which is that of Mr. T. Sum-
ter Mavs, wdiich dates back to a period long prior to the
war. Two miles beyond this we pass Dancifs irharf, and
steaming on our w^ay up the river arrive at
WHITESTONE'S LANDING,
( )n the western bank. We make but a short stay, and
our vessel is again bounding on, and brings us in a short
time in sight of
RUSSELLS LANDING,
Three miles higher up. on the eastern bank. We take
but a glimpse of this in passing, and hasten onward, and
at length reach
PALATKA,
A thriving and picturesque town, situated on the western
shore, on an inlet or cove, and 100 miles up the river, and
75 by water from Jacksonville. This is the terminus of
the Charleston and Florida, and the Savannah and Florida
StPrim^ers
It has been settled since 1837, the period of the termi-
nation of the Seminole w^ar, before which date the coun-
try in the neighborhood was occupied by the Indians.
Its name is of Indian origin, and signifies Cow ford.
Next to Jacksonville it is the largest town on the St.
John's River, and is a thriving and growing place, with
a population of 1,:300 souls, and is in postal and telegraphic
106
A GUIDE TO
communication with the rest of the United States. It
boasts also a flourishing weekly paper, issued every
Saturday, and owned by G. W^ Pratt, Eeq. This is
the Eastern Herakh a lively six column sheet, with a list
of 500 subscribers, and is sent to all parts of the country
to Northerners during the summer. The Town Goverx-
, MEXT consists of a Mayor, five Aldermen, Clerk, Treas-
urer, Assessor and Collector. Town Marshal and Police
Force. This town is the outlet for the upper portion of
the St. John's and the Oklawaha Rivers and the upper
lakes, from which boats bring down large quantities of
fruit, cotton, cane and other produce, which i> lanJ -1
and reshipped on the Charleston and Florida and the Sa-
vannah and Florida Steamers for points further north.
A large number of steamers ply up an<l (]r,wn the St.
John's and its tributaries and the Oklawali;i l: \'>r^. and
during the winter season are leaving or arn\ m^ ihnost
hourly. Palatka is also the distributing depot [yr sup-
plies for the whole of Southeastern Florida, and is des-
.tined to become an important place. A considerable re-
tail business is done here, and there are many fine stores,
while every year at least a half dozen new buildings are
added to the town. Last season the shipments North
from this point were 7,000 bags of long cotton and :30,000
boxes of oranges, besides a large quantitv of sugar and
syrup. The climate is salubrious, the temperature equa-
ble, and the air singularly beneficial to those suffering
from pulmonary complaints. The town is regularly laid
out with wide streets at right angles to each other, and
bordered on either side with wild orange trees, v hi h. m
the winter season, with their green foliage and golden
fruit, give the locality a picturesque and semi tropical
appearance, while its green, grassy streets add to the
general aspect of the place, and render it a charming
resort for invalids. It is nearly square, and covers an
area of about a square mile, while the countrv west of it,
which will one day form a part of the town, consists of a
succession of high hills, some of them eighty feet above
the level of the river, presenting excellent vi- us of the
St. John's and of the vicinitv, as well as a fine biiM^ eye
view of the toyn itself, with'its neat and tasty rlwdiings,
fine large hotels, and liandsome gardens niwl ..r.mo-e
groves. When the town shall have spread out m ilTis
direction, these hills will form some of the finest building
sites in the place.
STREETS.
The principal streets running north and south are the
following: on the river front is Water street, and tlnMii-i,
the center of the town runs Front street, while First,
/
THffi
LAND OF FLOWERS.
101
Second and Third streets intersect the town in the same
direction. Those extending east and west, are Madison
street at the north end of the town, Lemon street in the
center, the principal business street; and on the south
side of the town, River street, where are located many
fine residences, and the Pai'k and Wild Orange Grove.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
The Courthouse is a tasty square two story wooden
building, with a square tower on top. It occupies a
square corner of Lemon, Second, and Fifth streets.
The Postoffice is situated on Front street, two doors
north of Lemon street, and opposite the Putnam House.
CHURCHES.
The Presbyterian Church is situated near the Larkin
House, and is a small wooden structure, with belfry and
bell, and was during the Seminole war the government
powder magazine, but has since been converted into a
peaceful edifice, and devoted to a more pious service.
The pastor is the Rev. E. H. Driggs.
Thi: lloMAN Catholic Church is at the northwest
corner of Second and Oak streets. The Rev. Felix Gliione
is in charge.
St. James' Methodist Episcopal Church South will
be found on the northeast corner of Second and Oak
streets, and opposite the Catholic Church. It has been
recently repaired and painted through the efforts of its
energetic pastor. Rev. F. M. Hauser.
Tttk Episcopal Church is situated on Front street,
near the western part of the town, and is a tasty brown
wood (Ml building of the Gothic style of architecture, with
wiiiduwa of stained glass. The rector is the Rev. R. T.
Roche.
Ink Baptist Church is located' on River street. The
pastor is the Rev. W. E. Stanton.
r.i: I li KL African Methodist Episcopal Church South
is found on Second street, and adjoins the park. It was
built in 1875 by Northerners, with the assistance of the
\v]iiT.' natives. It is lighted at night by a handsome
bronze chandelier, and also contains a fine organ. Rev.
^ . J. Sawyer, colored, is the pastor.
New Catholic School and Convent, will be found on
Lemon street, half way between Second and Third
treets, and is a liandsome wooden building three stories
igh, the last stor}' being a very high attic. It is the
argest building in Palatka, except the hotels.
I
108
A GUIDE TO
HOTELS.
The Larkix House is a large and imposing three story
building, with fine piazzas on the first and second floors,
running the entire length of the building, while in rear
of the house are also piazzas: on top of the south wing is
a tower. This is the handsomest building in Palatka,
and is situated on Water street, and directly on tlie river
front, and is the most striking object as you approach
the town from the water. Mr. E. F. Larkin is the pro-
prietor.
THE ST. JOHN'S HOTEL
Is at the corner of Lemon and First streets, ;iii'l is a two
storv building with porch in front. It is kept by Messrs.
P. & IT Peterman, and contains tifty^ rooms, a large
dining room capable of seating seventy-fivr- ]irr^nn^. Thf^
hotel can accommodate one hnndrfd irii- -t^, ! h. r hhhs
are handsomely furnished ;! mi 'Mi'p'''''! 'iunn- lii-' win-
ter. The table*^ is first-clas>, and -uppii-jd \mi1i ail the
delicacies of the season, and every attention is ])aid to
the interests and convenience of guests. It i- Mi!y one
square from the postoffice, a 1 1 1 tlnee minutes walk fr-n
the steamer landing. There is a s«parate ladies' entrance,
and a handsome ladies' p;!i-lorwell furnished. ri< well as
a music room recessed. We cannui refrain tr,ini quot-
ing from another's experience, who paid thi.^ hotel a
visit during the traveling season.
Arriving at Palatka, he found the steamer so crowded
that no stateroom was to be had. '-Thi- a}4;iriii ii)is-
fortune proved our greatest happiness : for lying over at
Palatka at the St. Johns Hotel, we ol.t tin- d 1. li ions
food wherewith to assuage the pangs of Inniger. Tiiink
not, good reader, this is an nnnecessarv cx-hiln'tion (,f
feeling over a small matter, fui git^at had ho. n .ni Mitr-
ing, and great was oiir delight. De1i<"i" i- a idl. -. n 't»i*^
•!( (
( • t ■ n t
and
glad
wild turkey, (nobly served,) tender lanid.
chicken, light sweet bread, potatoes, grem p-a-
other delicacies that ravished the heart and mid*
the digestive apparatus."
Attached to the house and across the street is ila- Bil-
liard Saloon of the Messrs. Peterman, the oidv fii^tda-s
establishment of the kind in the town, coni^niniu \\\^^
handsome Griffith & Co.'s tables^ nine feet K>n.i; by four
and a half feet wide. Near this is the bar, where the
materials for a punch can be had at all seasons, as the visi-
tor has only to stretch his hand out of the v. ind .^^ in to
the grove and pluck a lime, and proceed to mix hispim h.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS,
109
The Putnam House is situated on Front street, oppo-
site the postoffice and corner of Reid street, a large three
story wooden building, one hundred and fiftv feet front
and sixty feet deep, with large piazzas on both stories;
the center of the front is recessed, forming a court, and
the piazzas are enclosed on the sides, and thus protected
from the weather. This hotel is kept in first-class style
well tiinnshed and carpeted throughout, and the table is
supplied with all the luxuries of the season. Mr. F. H.
Orvi^ iq the proprietor.
d ifH Carletox House is situated on Fifth street, near
th. < on rthnnse, and three minutes walk from the steamer
laiulnig. and is a large roomy building facing north, with
piazzas m i ront. This is kept by Mr. Andrew Shalley.
Ill thy language of another tourist,
" Th.' Carleton House is within three minutes walk of
tln^ st.;ind)M;tt whaif. and is convenient to the business
rcnt.'i- nf t ho tnwn: its rooms are spacious and com fnrtabh^
its table substantially furnished. Tlir moderate charge
of !<-?])('rdav. witli i.dnctions to families or parties re-
ma imii- ;i wa^ok ur lunger, makes it a most desirable
stopjwn-- pla(*o f.^r ^pftlrn's ov for parties seeking bn-iness
or lionu's in Fh-nda. Mr. Shalley has been a n^sid.ait of
Palatka f<-r many y.ars, is thoroughly arijnnint.'d with
the -uir. Minding country, and is capable of givmg advice
<>"'' inf. .rmatiMn t< . -na^sts, and int.-nding settlers, in rela-
tion t.> fication, etc. Passengers and baggage carried to
■ ind ti-.m t1a' wlirirf free of charge. Pleasant r(M»ms f,>v
i>rrm,inont boardt'r> for the season, can l)o sociir.'d at
ver\ moderate rates. Address by mail or telegrapli
above."
iiuAivM)f\(, HOUSES.
Mks E. M. IlAurxHToN's boarding house is on Lemon
street, one squan< fmm the St. Jolm's Hotel, and half a
sqnnrp from th.' ( ". .iirthonQf> Thi< is a nnnt hnildin-
with fn.nt piazzas on Im,i1i tlnur.s. ;in<l (*ont;iins fMinToon
room>. w.-il (.arpeted and furnished, a oumfortabk' parlor
and < •.'in mod mil- .lining- room, capable of seating thirtv
Liia'sts. Tho tahl-' 1- tirst-class and bountifullv supplied
u ith every liixiny. and served by polite waiters. The
]>ropriotro~,->. Alr^. Hau,L;-]ito]i. i- tho daui^diter of ex-
(;o\orno!' Wni. I) Moseiey. of Florida. Boarders will
find that th.\ \\ i i ! !).■ received and entertained as guests
oi tho family, and will have every attention paid them,
particularly invalids. The terms are quite mod- rate.
I\It;- (". !>. Estarrook's boarding house is situatrd in
^'i'' ^vo-T.^rn pai-i ^f the town, m a quiet and secludt^d
'"••'ditv. nnd -n one of the highest ridges in the town
la
108
A GUIDE TO
HOTELS.
The Larkin House is a large and imposing three story
building, with fine piazzas on the first and second floors,
running the entire length of the building, while in rear
of the house are also piazzas; on top of tlie south wing is
a tower. This is the handsomest building in Palatka,
and is situated on Water street, and directly on the river
front, and is the most striking object as you approach
the town from the water. Mr. E. F. Larkin is the pro-
prietor.
THE ST. JOHN'S HOTEL
Is at the corner of Lemon and First streets, and is a two
storv building with porch in front. It is kept by Messrs.
P. & H. Peterman, and contains fifty rooms, a large
dining room capable of seating seventy-five persons. The
hotel can accommodate one hundred guests. The rooms
are handsomely furnished and carpeted during the win-
ter. The table is first-class, and supplied with all the
delicacies of the season, and every attention is paid to
the interests and convenience of guests. It is only one
square from the postoffice, and three minutes wnlk from
the steamer landing. There is a separate hulies* tii trance,
and a handsome ladies' parlor well furnished, as well as
a music room recessed. We cannot refrain from quot-
ing from another's experience, w^ho paid this hotel a
visit during the traveling season.
Arriving at Palatka, he found the steamer so crow-ded
that no stateroom was to be had. " This apparent mis-
fortune proved our greatest happiness : for lying over at
Palatka at the St. Johns Hotel, we obtained delicious
food wherewith to assuage tlie pangs of hunger. Think
not, good reader, this is an unnecessary exhibition of
feeling over a small matter, for great had been our suffer-
ing, and great was oiir delight. Delicious waffles, noble
wild turkev. (nobly served,) tender lamb, adolescent
chicken, light sweet bread, potatoes, green peas, .ni 1
other delicacies that ravished the heart an ■! itiade giad
the digestive apparatus."
Attached to the house and across the street is the Bil-
liard Salo())i of the Messrs. Peterman, the onlv fir<t-class
establishment of the kind in the town, coiii.iining two
handsome Griffith & Co.'s tables, nine feet long by four
and a half feet wide. Near this is the bar, where the
materials for a punch can be had at all seasons, as the visi-
tor has only to stretch his hand out of the window into
the grove and pluck a lime, and proceed to mix his pin ph.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
109
The Putxam House is situated on Front street, oppo-
site the postoffice and corner of Reid street, a large three
story wooden building, one hundred and fifty feet front
arid sixty feet deep, with large piazzas on both stories;
the center of the front is recessed, forming a court, and
the piazzas are enclosed on the sides, and thus protected
from the weather. This hotel is kept in first-class style,
well furnished and carpeted throughout, and the table is
supplied with all the luxuries of the season. Mr. F. H.
Orvis is the proprietor.
Till. Carleton House is situated on Fifth street, near
the courthouse, and three minutes walk from the steamer
landing, and is a large roomy building facing north, with
piazzas in front. This is kept by Mr. Andrew Shalley.
In th§ language of another tourist,
''The Carleton House is within three minutes walk of
the steniTibnnt wharf, and is convenient to the business
center of the town: its rooms are spacious and comfortable,
Its table substantially furnished. The moderate charge
of 82 per day, with reductions to families or parties re-
ma ining a week or longer, makes it a most desirable
sto])])ing place for settlers or for parties seeking business
or 1iMi,M- 111 Florida. Mr. Shalley has been a resident of
T\il,itka tor many years, is thoroughly acquainted with
til- -111 rounding country, and is capable of giving advice
aii-1 in formation to guests, and intending settlers, in rela-
tion I- location, etc. Passengers and baggage carried to
and Ir im the wharf free of charge. Pleasant rooms for
permanent boarders for the season, can be secured at
very moderate rates. Address by mail or telegraph
above."
BOA i: DING HOUSES,
Mrs E. .M. Haughton's boarding house is on Lemon
street, one square from the St. John's Hotel, and half a
square from the Courthouse. This is a neat building
Willi fr.Mii piazzas on both floors, and contains fourteen
room-, w. !! carpeted ;iim1 finnished, a comfort a 1 )le i)arlor
and commodious dining room, capable of seating tliirtv
anests. T1ir tn1.1<MS first-class and bountifully supplied
u ith f^v.'i'N !ii\in-v. and ^orvcd bv ])olite waiters. The
p^M!.l•l.•tr(^'^.^. .Mrs. Haughion, i^ the daughter of ex-
(iov.rnor Wm. D. Moseley, of Florida. Boarders will
fnnl thai 1 hey will be received and entertained as guests
ol tJM laniily, and will have every attention paid them,
particularly invalids. The terms are quite moderate.
All;- r. T). EsTABROoK's hoarding house is situated in
the western part of the town, in a quiet and secluded
locality, and on one of the highest ridges in the town
19
M
110
A GUIDE TO
limits on Oak street, a block and a half west of the Cath-
olic Church, and in rear of the Park. This is a neat
commodious building', containing ten rooms, a small snug
parlor and pleasant dining room, and is neatly furnislied,
the best rooms being carpeted durmg the wmter. ihe
table is well kept, and boarders receive every attention.
The terms are quite reasonable for permanent and tran-
sient boarders.
Mrs Se\ls' boarding house is on Fifth street, nea^r the
Carleton House. Here boarders can be accommodated on
terms that are quite moderate.
THE PARK
Is a fine natural grove of venerable live oaks, and occu-
pies a square four hundred feet each way on River street
and facing the Bay, and is the coolest and shadiest spot
in the town, and a delightful resort in the middle of the
day.
A glance at the town, its streets, private residences,
gardens, and orange groves:
WATER STREET.
At the north end of Water street, and foot of Madison
stfeet. on the river bank, is the handsome residence of
3Ms- E J. Whife^aUvo and a half story building, with
piazzas east and south of the house. It is situated in tlie
midst of a tine grove of live oaks, concealing it almost
entirely from view. The grounds cover a space of more
than ten acres, and the grove consists of orange and
lemon trees, planted with great regularity. Cherry, pear,
truava, and banana trees, are scattered throughout the
Grounds. Towards the south is a lawn with avenues
diverging to the right and left, while on the east side ot
the house there is a broad avenue leading down to the
river side. The bank along the river is lined with a row
of beautiful weeping willows, while the garden and lawns
are covered with geraniums, verbenas, roses, an i '>tlier
choice i)lants. In front of the house near the street, is an
enclosure surrounded by an orange hedge wImt. rest the
remains of Judge Isaac H. Bronscm, and oi Mr Ixobert
Emmet, of New York. This spot is piously kepi lu com-
plete order. The tourist will be able to spend a few hours
very agreeablv rambling through these grounds, cn this
street farther south, are the grounds ;i hi residence ot
Mr Burt, containing a fine orange grove, bouth ot tins
we find the grounds of Major H. K. Teasdale, occupying
almost an entire square, and containing a fine grove ot
orange, lime, and lemon trees, as well as ]>mr- :i].],l(«< luvi
■ p
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
Ill
other fruits in large quantities. The dwelling is a plain
neat wooden structure. Further on are the grounds of
Col. H. L. Hart, covering a square four hundred feet by
one hundred and fifty feet. The residence is a two and a
half story building with front piazzas, and facing the
river. In the rear of the building are piazzas on both
stories, and running back along a wing of the building,
extending west into the grounds. These western piazzas
are covered up to the. top with choice grape-vines. In
front is an orange grove, and the grounds are laid out in
lawns and shell walks. In the rear is an arbor three
hundred feet long, covered with grape-vines. There is
also a fine flower garden laid out in English stvle. and
containing numerous varieties of choice plants.^ There
are two very large cactus trees to be seen here.
RIVER STREET.
On this street, the first place of importance is Mr. Quar-
terman's. Attached to this is an orange grove. West of
this is the sour onutqe grove of about thirty-five trees,
the prop(M-ty of :\Ir. Jas. F. Burt, and is an object of
much curiosity to travelers who desire to see the orange
growth in its natural state. Next west is the residence
of ^Ir. W. ]\L Badger, a tasty dwelling with piazzas on
the river front. Around this is a handsome orange grove.
Adjoining is tlu^ residence of ^Mr. Chas. Underwood, a
low one and a half story dwelling, situated on a bluff and
back from the street, but facing the river. It is sur-
rounded by a large orange and lemon grove, covering a
space four hundred feet square, and extending west and
north across the adjoining streets. On the grounds is a
small grove of live oaks. Next to Mr. Underwood's, and
at the west end of Kiver street, is tlie dwelling of Dr.
N. H. ^loragne. with a fine orange grove in front and
rear of the house. There are some very large oraiu>-e
trees hei-e, one thirty-three feet and another thirty ft'et
high. There is also on this place a Tangierine orange
tree, whose fruit is regarded as a great delicacy. In the
enclosure are several scupperpong grape-vines, one of
which covers an arbor sixty feet long by twelve wide.
Adjoining is another lot belonging to the doctor, called
the red water branch lot, of three acres. Here are found
sail i i -ars, early and late peaches, the wild-goose i)lum,
Jai)an plum. Jai)an persimmon, one hundred tea plants,
and also (juinces, cherries, bananas, and otlu ;• fruits.
The street we have just described is densely shaded by
rows of live oaks and resembles an avenue, and is the
handsomest in the town.
'N
112
A GUIDE TO
FRONT STREET.
On this street back of the Episcopal Church is the Par-
sonage, where Dr. R. T. Roche, the rector, resides. At
the northern extremity of this street, and bordering on
the country, is the residence of Capt. R. R. Reid, a hand-
some two story building, with an attic and piazzas on
both stories on the east, south and west of the house.
The piazzas on the west are covered with grape-vines,
running up to the eaves of the roof. The house contains
handsome front rooms and large and airy halls, and eight
sleeping apartments. In the winter boarders are accom-
modated here and well cared for. From the second story
south piazza, a fine bird's-eye view of the town can
be obtained. The enclosure around the dwelling con-
tains ten acres. There is a flourishing orange grove
on the grounds, and a splendid growth of banana trees.
Grapes, Japan plums, pine-apples, lemons, and other
fruits, are raised here. The place contains a handsome
hedge of lime trees, which attracts a great deal of notice.
From the house to the river is an avenue OUO feet long,
lined on either side with orange trees, and at the end of
the avenue is a pretty circular croquet ground. A iKtni-
some drive winds around the outer border of the enclo-
sure. The whole place resembles a miniature park, and
easily accommodates the hundreds who resort here for
recreation during the winter season. From the wharf,
on the river, can be obtained a fine view of the groves
that hne the opposite banks. There is a specimen here of
the myrtle orange, with the fruit growing in clusters like
grapes. These are the finest grounds in Palatka. On
Front street, south of Lemon street, is the residence of
Dr. Lent, with a pretty flower garden and a neat iron
railing in front. Further south and back of the Larkin
House is the office of Dr. George E. Hawes, a resident
of this place since 1854, and a practicing i^liv^irinn for
thirty years, being a graduate of the I iii\- r>uv ui liie
City of New York. He has had a long • \ i >prience in
treating lung diseases and pulmonary coin} 'lain is, and is
regarded as one of the most successful and reliable physi-
cians in the whole neighborhood.
LEMON STREET.
On the northeast corner of Lemon and Front streets, is
the drug store of Dr. N. 1 1 Moragne, two doors from the
Postoffice, and a half square from the I'ntnini House.
He has on hand drugs, medicines, perfumery and fancy
articles, and also manufactures a delightful orange flower
water and orange wine, which have taken premiums at
the Centennial and numerous State and County Fairs.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
lis
Opposite, corner of Lemon and Front streets, are Messrs.
Ackerman & Jackson, druggists, who pay special atten-
tion to prescriptions, and keep open in the winter season,
until a late hour, to suit the wants of invalids. Here,
also, can be procured Florida beans and jewelry; also alli-
gator teeth studs, sleeve buttons, whistles and other va-
rieties of the same class of jewelry, tastily gotten up.
NEW TOWN.
This is a suburb, included in the corporate limits of Pa-
latka, and entirely inhabited by negroes, where there are
several thriving, though small orange and banana groves.
The bourses are neat and tasty, and indicate a degree of
thT-ift :)]](] enterprise not usual among this class of per-
.soii>. A Baptist Church is here, of which the Rev. Wm.
Bell, colored, is the pastor.
STEAMBOATS.
Among the steamers that ply up and down the Okla-
^vaha is the Marion, of which Captain H. A. Gray is the
owner and connnander, and Mr. M. H. Rogero the agent.
Tin's steamer leaves on Mondays and Thursdays for this
ri\ ' ! Strangers should not neglect visiting this roman-
tic stream, or they will miss one of the most novel sights
in all Florida. Capt. Gray has been traveling this route
more than thirty years. We would here recommend also
the steamer Tuscawilla, (the Indian name for Whippoor-
wi]1.) wliich also plys up aud down this stream. Capt.
Kd wards is the polite commander, and the Messrs. Bouk-
night are the agents of this boat, the Osceola, of which
Capt R. J. Adams is the agent, also runs up this river.
Capt. Adams is the agent of the Charleston and Florida
Line of Steamers here, and is the owner of the Adams
Grove across the river.
SAW MILL.
There is a mill of this kind on the river southeast of the
Jown, and owned by M v I). A. Boyd.
AMUSEMENTS.
Among these, boating, yachting, fishing and hunting
havp n prominent place. On the riverfront, opposite the
1 .1 1 k 111 1 louse, is the Boat House of Messrs. Thos. Dardis
& J. E. Lucas, capable of accommodating twenty row
boats. It is covered on the sides with lattice work, -and
a good shingle roof. Here the tourist and sportsman can
procure sailing boats, pleasure yachts, rowing and fishing
as well as ducking boats, and every convenience for plea-
sure or picnic parties to the groves and country seats
across and up and down the river for any distance.^ This
.tf
114
A GUIDE TO
little fleet contains some very expensive boats, among:
which we would mention their steam yacht, capable of
seating fifteen persons. This craft can be hired to take
out ladies on picnic or pleasure excursions in the neigh-
borhood, or mav be chartered by hunting or fishing par-
ties to carrv them to anv distance on the river. A\ lien
chartered bv sj)ortsnien she has in tow a small sharp
ducking boat that can go up into the creeks or inlets along
the river, where the game take refuge when closely
pressed. There are the Miun^-hahn and the Orange
Grove, which are the ladies" favorites for large pleasure
parties. The FJorie and the 3/o//?> are smaller, but equal-
Iv popular boats. There are, besides these, sixteen more
good boats. These boats are well carpeted and cushioned,
the larger ones quite handsr>me]y. Besides boats, rifles
of all sizes, shot guns and ammunition, and every conve-
nience for sportsmen are supplied on reasonable terms, as
well as fishing tackle of every description. Among the
PLACES OF INTEREST
That mav be visited by means of these boats, are
Colonel Hart's Grare. on the point across the river, and
one of the oldest on the St. John's River, and also the fin<^
Orange Grove of Mr. Lozier. of Brooklyn. N. Y. Th<>s(>
two oecupv about fifteen acres of ground each. We w(juld
mention in this connection the Adams* Grove in the
neighborhood, which is equally as large. Near Palatka,
ten miles up and down the river, there are (excellent
FISHING GROrNDS
And Hnniinq localities, with vvhicli the owners of these
boats are perfectly familiar. Sportsmen, desiring alligator
or duck shooting, will find good sport in /'/r<> Greek,
which ab<^unds in game.
Dunns Creek is the favorite resort oi fisherm<^n. 1'he
black bass, perch, bream, and other fish, an^ found in
abundance here.
On Murfrees' Island, t<-n mil(^s up the riv(>r, is an Indian
MoL'ND and another fine orange grove, also the j)roperty
of Col. Hart. Messrs. JJardis <S: Lueas are the only gen-
tlemen regularly engaged in the boating business, and
are the most reliable.
. THE (jLTf^l^Ji^'J'^ ^>^^ J\\EATKA.
A mile from the town tovvanl'^ the west. tli<^ country
rises to a height of eighty or one liundre(l te(4 above the
river, and there are some youjig but fine orange groves
in the vicinity, among others that of Mr. il. l*eteiinan.
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
115
This contains five and a half acres and eight hundred
trees. The residence is on the top of a hill, eighty feet
above the river level. South of this is the young grove
of Mr. A. W. Rollins, of Chicago. Beyond are the groves
of Mr. Quarterman and of Mr. Lilienthal. In this neigh-
borhood is White Water Branch, a natural spring of
pure drinking water, situated in a circular dell eighty
feet below the hill tops, and twenty feet above the level
of the town, a beautiful and romantic spot, and the re-
sort of picnic and pleasure parties duriiig the winter and
spring. Xear this spring are several fine drives. There
was a project started to bring the water from this spring
through pipes into the town, but it was never carried out.
REAL ESTATE.
The town of Palatka is growing steadily, and the
country around is gradually being settled up. and pro-
perty here is likely to advance. We would advise persons
coming here and desiring to purchase, to apply to Mr.
Jas. Burt, who has also a number of good tracts on the
river for sale. We would also call attention to Mr. T. T.
Harrison's card. He is the agent for lands near Eureka,
on the Oklawaha River. Persons desiring to purchase
there would do well to consult him.
Attention is called to the advertisement of the Waldo
House, kept by Capt. H. H. WilTuims. in Waldo. Alachua
Countv, Florida, which is a delightful and liealthv resort.
.. ^
l^uaritf»i^
ST. JOHN'S HOTEL,
CORNER LEMON ANO FIRST STREETS, ,
PALATK A, FLORIDA,
P. & H. PKTERMAN, Proprietors.
This hotel is within three minutes walk of the steamer's landing;.
Arcommo<lations and Table first-class. Terms reasonable. Open
all thp vpnr round.
P. & H. PETERMAN,
Billiard Saloon,
LeiDoi! Street, oppsite St, Jotiin Hotel,
PALATKA. FLORIDA.
tlia
J-
4>,
PA I. AT K A, FLORIDA.
Open from December to May.
l^ilatka is situated on the west bank of the St. John's River
seventy imles south of Jacksonville. It is at the head of naviga-
tion for Ocean bteamers and near the mouth of the celebrated
Ocklawaha River. Harts famous Oran-e Grove is immediately
acro^s the St Johns Kiver opposite the town. Florida Tourists
i/n?/ n Tl''* I'alatka and make the trip to the upper St. John's
and lip the ronumtic Ocklawaha.
uSL'I''^^"'^ ^*^*''' ^^^ i-eaehed by Steamers daily from Jacksonville, and
h> Steamejs from Charleston and Savannah, which run in connec-
f ili"v' li ^^'^'''''^^ ^^'V"* ^^.^ ^'^^^' ^"^^ ^'nes of Railroads from
TlieiNorth Steamers leave Palatka dailv for Sanford and Enter-
law-UirRi\ • ^^* *^^^"''' ^^^'^'^' *^l'^o for Silver Spriufj^s via the Ock-
Address by mail or teleprraph, p, h. ORVIS.
a II K K X >I O L > T A 1 > S,
MANCHESTER, VERMONT.
EASY OP ACCESS.
V
1
u 1
• Trains M; from New M. Albany,, and Troj !
OW Hours from New York, H. R. R.
2 Hours from Troy, T. & B. R. R.
'^^2 Hours from Saratojjra, via Trov
R.
7 Hours from Hoston— Tunnel Route.
8 Hours from Montreal, C. V. R. R. ^
Manchester, the leadin^^ summer resort of the Green Mountains
is two hundred miles north of New York, fiftv miles north of Tiov'
orty-eight miles east of Saratof-a ami thirty miles south of Riit-
laiKl on the Bennin^'ton and Rutland Railwav
It has three miles of white marble sidewalks fiiielv shaded by
elm and mai)le trees, and is the most charming summer resort in
JNew England.
The Village is situated at the foot of Mt. E(iuinox, from the sum-
mit ot which an extended and magnificent view can be obtained,
ilie road 1.- Ill line order, and four horse mountain wagons run to
the top 111 two and a half liours.
r 11
The l]([uino\ House,
Foot of Mt. Equinox,
IVIanchester, Vermont,
Open Irom June to Uctober.
Address by mail or telegraph, F. H. ORVIS
I
I
\
ST. JOHN'S HOTEIi,
CORNER LEMON AND FIRST STREETS,
PALATKA, FLORIDA,
P. & H. PRTERMAN, Proprietors,
This hotel is within three minutes walk of the steamer's landing:.
Accommodations and Table first-class. Terms reasonable. Open
all the vear round.
p. & H. PETERMAN,
Billiard Saloon,
Imoii street, ODDOslte St, Joliirs Hotel,
PAL.ATKA, FLORIDA.
9»t- •!
ia''i»> ■«.■ ^-««
PALATKA, FLORIDA.
Open from December to "Slav.
1 alatka IS situated on th- west bank of the St. John's River
seventy miles south of Jacksonville. It is at the head of navi-a-
tioii torn.,.;,,, Steamers and near the mouth of the celebraFed
Uckluv,,.!,,, 1.1 ver. Harts famous Oranf>re Grove is iiuiiK^diatelv
across 1 1,. srJohn^s River opposite the town. Florida Tourists
slioiihl xi^n 1 alatka, and make the trip to the upper St. John's
and iijM !i.' !•( iiiiantiV' ( )ckl;i u aha.
Palatl^a can Im- .■.•acii-d by :5U'amci> dai ly fr, a, i Jacksonville, and
by steamers trom Charleston and Savaniiati. which nni n, , onnec-
tion XM I ], Steamers from X.'w ^ nrk. ai,.! lines of Kailn.ads from
Tne.\unli Steamers leav.^ i'ahtlka daiiv for Sanford and Knter-
prise via the St. John\s River; also for silver Spring's via i\h- Uck-
Jawalia River.
Address !)y Tiiail > >v f.-l.-irrapli, y ]j ( )i^VIS.
iaiEEX >IOl :VTAIXS,
MANCHESTER, VERMONT,
K.\S\ ( )V ACCESS.
{ rciii' Trains Dally froiii New Yort Albany, aifl Troj !
03^ Hours irom ^ew Voi-k, H K li \i
2 Hours from Troy, T. & H. R. R.
31.^ Hours from Saratoj^ra, via Troy.
7 H .in-^ from Boston— Tunnel I^.ilU^
8 Hours from Montreal, C. V I{ 1{
Manchester, the leading' summer resort of the Green Mountains
is two hundred miles north of New York, liftv ndles north of Trov
Jorty-eight miles east of Saratoga and thirt;- miles soutli of Rut-
laud, on the Bennington and Rutland Railway
it ha.s three miles of white marble sidewalks finelv shaded by
elm and maple trees, and is the most charming' summer resort in
JNew hn;j:land.
ThH Villa^'.- !> .if ,,at. ,1 at the foot of Mt. Equinox, from the sum-
mit ol wu.M, an .'M..;,.!.-, I and maprnificent view r.ui be obtained.
1 ne road is m Im.- m,!, r. and four horse mountain wat'ons run to
the top 111 t wo and a half hours.
rM^
The Kciuiiiox House,
Foot of Mt. Equinox,
lYIanchoster, Vermont^
(Jpen from J une to October.
Addivss by mail or tele^'-rapli, p^ y^ ORVIS
^
TNTF.M lONAI SI ( OM) KXPOSl RK
■■^
^^■J'vil,T>{-5i>,^,-\-s'> f ■
"^^Y..J^
ST JOIIXS HOTEIi,
CORNER i.EM3i^ AND FIRST STREETS,
PALATK A, FLO RI DA,
P. & H. PKTKRMAN. I'roprirtors.
This hotol is Avitliiii three minutes Avalk of the steamer's laii(lin<^
Aeeommo'lations and Table (irst-fluss. Terms reasonable. Open
all the year round.
P, & H. PETERMAN,
Billiard. Saloon,
Leioii Street, ODDOsite St, Jotiii's Hotel,
PALATKA, FLORIDA.
.'"»' iO
.t.
^ik' « » »• .
rAI.AllvA, 1-LUiUDA.
Oi)en from IJecember to May.
1 alatka IS situated on the west ))ank of the St. Jolm's River
seventy miles south of Jaeksonville. It is at the head of navi-a-
t on tor Ocean feteamer.s ancl near the mouth of the celebratl-d
I MaNwdia Uiver. Harts famous Oran-e Grove is immediatelv
<uuU\^vruv ! n''^"'''r 'V''''}'' the town. Florida Tourisfs
M /l nt ^-^'/I'Vl '"'\'''^ *^^^ ^''^' t^ ^^^^ upper 8t. John s
«inu uj) the romantic Ocklawaha.
Palarka can be ivached by Stcvimers daily from Jacksonville, and
io/^vlTtV^^T ■'"" <'';'^'-^'^t;i'» ''^i'} Savannah, whi.-h run in connec.
V ! siV"^*"*" ^'T' ^^,^^,^^^^-}^''iiHl lines of Railroads from
•L; V ;i ^^::i'''l''';^ ^,^'V;f Palatka daily for Sanford and Enter-
i'^vaiia River ' ' ''^''' ^'*''' ^'^'''^'' ^P^i^-s via the Ock-
Address by mail or t<d<'irrap]i, p }] ORyjj^
Vh u k k X M o t: :^^ t a 2 x s .
MANCHESTER, VERMOhiT.
KASY OF Arr^KSS.
Fciir Trains Daily Iroin I^ew Yoii, Aiiiaiij, aiid Troy !
(il{ Hours from New York, H. R. R. R
2 Hours from Troy, T. & H. R. R.
^{'2 Hours from Sarato«i:a. via Troy.
7 Hours from Boston -Tunnel Rotite.
S Hours from .Alontreal, (J. V. R. R.
^ Mancliester, the leadin- summer re.^ort of the (ireen Mountain^
IS two hundred miles north of New York, liftv milrs north .h Trov'
orty-ei^^ht miles ea.st of Sarato-a and thirtv mile., soul h of Jiut-
iaiid on the JSenniiii^'ton and Rutland Railwav
It has tlireemilesof white marble sidewalks hnelv shaded bv
Hm and map ,■ trees, and is the most eharmin- sumiiier resort in
-iNt'W r^n^'land.
V''^- ^'i'!'f *^ ^« Mtuated at the foot of Mt. Eciuinox. from the sum-
mit of w iich an exten(le(l and ma^-nilicent view can l)e ol,taine.h
J he road IS in hue ord.'r, and fourhor.se mountain wa^^ms run to
tlie top in two and a halt ' 'n-^
i^
)S
H' |](|jiin()\ iloiisc,
l\w.f ,,f Mt. E(iuinox,
Manchester, Vermont^
Open from June to Octo))er.
Address by mail <.r Ide-raph. p ^ OR VIS
■ «» ac
OKLAWAHA I SILVER SPRINGS!
■ ' ■■ m£
Sieamer
( a i>tn in 11. A. ( > I» i K
Will leave Royvro's Wharf every
Mi.NDAV AND ThURSD.W,
CONNEC'TIN' . WITH
charie?;ton. ^avapah, and fernapim
For the ahu\c iianiccl j.)hLLL>.
M. H. ROGERO, Agent,
i'\!,\Tr, A i[ \
A. SHl'.I.I.lA'. Propimitor.
Ilodiil. $3])erd<iii, (I II (I no rhar^r Jm int-;^aij,e.
MRS. E. M. HAUGIITON.
PIJIVAIK IJOARD.
LEAinXSm'!.!.
PAL.ATKA, FLORIDA.
.Above St. .loliii's Hotel, two s(iii:ires troiii the Steamboat Wharf.
;
i##
Dealer In Briip, led.iciiies. Perfiiiiiery, Fancy Articles, &c.
Comer of Front and Lemon Streets,
PALATKA/FLi.
^raniifactnrer of Oranp:e Flower Water and Oraiig:e Wine.
BT^" Oranges put up in neat packages for shipiiieTit fnni my
own crove.
THOS.DARDiS AND J.E.LUCAS,
V-4^x ... Sleaiii Yaclil. U & Row Boats
Of every cle8cri])tio« and size
For hireonreasonahl.- terms b\ the
hour, day, or trip.; also
RIFLES, GUNS. FISHIN6 TACKLE AND LINES.
JliKi f 1/ Dif sr f)j)f)r)sifr fh r Lurk'in Ilmise,
Palatka, Florida.
11 1 1: IIOMF.IIOISE
iS,
Mrs. SEALS, Proprietress
Opposite the Cmtrf House, Palatka, Florida.
l()i- Lake Crescent k Crescent City!
The Fast Sailius — flora Mail Steamer ;
Makes three trips per week between Palntkn niiii \ h- ,i1kj\ r points.
JOllS /. I! ilOA ns. Owner (tad Captahi.
jjeaj.i:k i N
Ooods^ (iroceries^ Notions, Ac.
Dry
ACiENT FOR FLORIDA LANDS. WILL ASSIST IN PUR-
('HASlX(i PLACES FOR PARTIES DESIIMXii TO
IMMKHMTE TO FL()IMIV\.
!
^Sf
ill
IMI.MIONAl S! (OM) I.Xl'OSl RF:
f
iKLAWAHA i siLvEB SPRINGS !
■ ■ O K
Sieaiiier 'M^mm. MHIOI
Will leave 1\()o-er(Vs Wharf every
Monday and Thursday,
(•()NNK(TlX<i WITH
CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, ANu FE0AN11IM
STEAMERS
I"\)r the al)<)\e named places.
M. H. ROGER 0, Agent,
PALATKA FT. A
^ .» *- < 4- * 'f
>, , ^ .^ ^ • i. /r. -If. jp s^ -r y T- T -[-
C> .1 ■> V j^ i. -+■ « -r f? 4- c> 0. > ••> -
C» A>i -> in
1*A 8. a;i'^ a« ¥ i.x
A. ^111 1.1
\ . pKorkii'/roR.
Hoi/rd, s J jH'r (htij, (in<l m^ chan^i' for h<i <J'J(i 'Jr.
T
FlUST-CLAKS
rs^
U)Ail!).
LEJKKV STIUCKT,
PALATKA, FI.ORIDA.
Al)«>vt' Sr. John's Hotel, two ^(|n:in's troiii tli.- Sieumhojit Wliarf.
N, H. .>H)RA€NE^ m. D.
Dealer in Dris, MeiJciiies, Perfumery, Fancy Arlicles, &
Corircr of Fi'ont and LcDion Streets,
r AI.ATKA, FLA.
Maiiufact m-cr ot Oraii^^'o Flower Water and Orange WMnc,
t^' Oranjics i)ut tip in ni^at i)ackag:es for slii^jnient from my
own irrnv**.
"~THOS.DARD!SANOJ.E. LUCAS,
/
Steam YacliUiaih^i Row Bo3l;;
Ol' every dt'scriptioii and size
'i V/ '^ "^^^ "^ ^^^^' 1"''<' <*" reasonable terms ])y the
x'XP
hour. (lay. oi' trip.; also
RIFLES, GUNS, FISHING TACKLE AND LINES.
JUhi lliousr '^lijjosite the Lurk'ui House,
Palatka, Florida,
Tin: iioMi: iiotsi:
■^^«r< ^vTT \ T C! p^^v^-; .^trop-r-
Offositc flic Co?/?'/ //o?fsr, Palatka, Floricta.
! (M* Lnki^ Crescent A ^^(^seenl Cilv!
Tiie Fast Sailing - fl.ora - Mail Steamer
Make< tin-"'" rrijx ]>er wcM'k b<^tw(>(»n Palatka aTid the aboM' points.
• Kills /. l: U< > A I >s. ( >,CH<r <nnl (a jtta i n.
T. T. //./IW/S(/A\
Dry
DEALFR IX
fi!oe(N, («roeeri( s, Xotions, iVe.
EVUEKA, FLOUT I) A.
A(iENT FOR FLORIDA LANDS. WILL ASSIST IN PUR-
( liASIN(i PLA( i:s FOR I'ARTILS l)FSIRL\(i TO
i.M.MKiRATF TO FLORIDA.
GARDINER HOTEL,
CnESC-£?JT CITY,, flOplDA.
Crescent fity tlie (irore ('icy of f'1ori(l4, is situate*! on the cast side of rruitfaud
I't'iiinsiila. Ivoiitinj; tlie now hnnou^ Lake Cvesrent <>r Dunn's Lake, one humlreil
miles south of Jack^oBville, and l«enty-tlve miles south of I'alutka. It 18 located
on tt ili>fb Pine HlulF, overlookinjf the K<'t'«t lake from hold, handsome hhores, seen
no where else in Florida. It i8 a faroritc report for invalids as well as sportsmen and
pleasure seekers in jreneral. In the vicinity of the town are numerous hearing
« 'range (iroves. as well as younj? jfroves recently set hy wealthy Northern jft'ntlemen,
Avho have erect' <1 and are ereclniK tin« residences on this extensive bluff.
Xo one srekinjr a winter home should fail to visit this raoidlvy rowing place, where
they will lind a Ursl class Hotel as well as several Hoanliug Houses, with j^ood fare,
Mt jirices ran>{ing fvom Seven to Twenty Dollars p«r week.
We hare daily mails and daily communication with .Ia<-ksonville and Palatka. All
St. John's Uiver Steamers connect at I'llatka with Steamers lor Crescent Citv.
Steamer Flora runs thriuiph trom Jacksonville to Crescent City on Mondays, Uetl-
nesdays,and ^rldays, returning on alternate davs. Through Fare 8vi..^0. As a pleas-
ure trijt, the route from I'alatka to Crescent Ciiv has no ecjual. Up the St. John's,
ei^ht miles and you diverjre to the left into I>eep Uiver. the home of the Allijrator;
thence ten miles through this wierd and beautiful stream and vou suddenly emerge
iiUo the broad Lake ('^<- <•••••, ' miles wide am! J'' ' ; .'.
JOSEPH W. GARDINER, Cros( ent City. Fli,i ;da.
i i
The reader of this card i.s solicited to siubyeribe for
The Florida Fruit Grower
9?
A new and ititcrestino^ ei^ht pajjre journal, published monthly, in
Florida, that ^reut winter resort of health and pleasure. Terms
$.1 per year in advance.
The Fruit Grower is a paper which to read is to. appreciate, and
aspires to the position of the larjjjest and be^t non-partisaw paper
in Florida.
JOSEPH W. GAIM>Ivr,K
Editor anil i^ihii.^iier,
Oescent Citv, Florida.
IVALDO HOLBE,
Waldo, Alachua Co., Florida.
The only llrsfr-cla?^ Hotel between the Atlantic jnid i;ult thjtt is open to {,'tiests the
year round. This Hotel has Ikhmi leaseM bv Capt. H. H. Williams, ol tlie Clilllou
Hoifl. MankM'o. Minn., (funner'.v o<' Huston, Nlas-..i ami will Ik- kept in suc.li stvle as
to make the Knrsts feel at home In this beaulitul. healthy and attractive " Lake |{e-
Kion." NValdo is situate on the Transit K. l{., eitihty four miles from Fernandina;
seventy-one miles t'rom Cellar Keys, and only four uiiles fioin tho great .^antu Fe
I-ak'.' and roll njr Lake Kepion bv canal.
The rate at the \N aldo House is $i'.tKi per day.
" Viator," a New V(»rk correspondi-ut, who has visite«l all parts of Flori<la. writes
as follows: " I am best pleased with VValtlo. It is emphaticaUv the best climate for
consumptives. Tlie air is pur»' and dry, and the climate most' jreiiinl. Invalids will
not be misleil by wliat I say, for I haVe .-^een nnin\ sulfereis relieve<t ;ind entirel>
cured by a sojourn at this place. The Hotel has all the (puet, «oinfort aixl luxury of a
IMivate Home, and the rates are rerv reasonable.
r
DR. GEO. E. HAWES
J
t^ffnSI(I.-i,V ^M'D Sl'RGEQ.y.
^
Opposite Larhin House,
Front Street, Palatka, Fla.
ACKERM AN ^ JACKSON,
Successors to S. ^\ Moody,
Druggisfs and Pharmacists,
CORNER LEMON AND FRONT STREETS,
VAL.lTkW. FIJI i:i 1>A.
Also, Dealers in Florida Jewelry, Sea Beans, Alligator's Teeth, etc.
y\\\S. (. I). KSTAIJUOOK,
Oak Street, West of Catholic Church,
PALATKA, FLA*
I i:AXSIE,YT aii^l PERM AXE KT BOA BEERS,
ACCOAI.MUDATKI) (>X "RFASOXART.F TKILMS,.
M':M^^^&:
P.\L.\ IKA, I- la )RI1)A.
500 eligible Town Lots for sale. Lots av^iilihle
for dwellings or stores, and valued from Ssoto S5000.
.'Mso, Special Agent for Dwellings, Real Instate,
etc., etc. 21
Ir
GARDINER HOTEL,
CB:rsCT]NT CITY, flOBlC/t.
Crescent City tlie (Jrore City of hloriiKi, irt situated on the east side of Fniitfand
I'eiiinsiila, Iroiitin^r the now famous Lake (rt'Sft'nt or Dunn's i^ake, one hundr(>d
miles >outh of Jack>oBville, and twi-nty-live miles south of I'alatka, It is located
on a ili>fb I'ine Hiuir, overlookinj; the flri"eat lake from hold, handsome shores, seen
no where else in Floridjt, It is a fayoritc resort for invalids as well as sportsmen and
pleasure seekers in jreneral. In the vicinity of the town are numerous hearinj?
« irange (irov-t;9, as well as youn>f jci'oves recently »et hy wealthy Northern Kt-'ntlemen,
who have erect <\ and are ereclni>r fin« residences on this extensive bluff.
No one sifekiriK a winter home shoiddfail to visit this rapidly y rowing i)lace. wliere
they will lind a lirst <'.las8 Hotel as well as several Hoarding lionses, with jjooii fare,
Mt prices ranj;inK riom Seven to Twenty Dollars p«r week.
We have dailv mails and daily communication wilh Jacksonville and Palatka. All
St. .John's Kiver steamers connect at Tilatka with Steamers for Crescent Citv.
Steamer Flora runs throufrh Irom Jacksonville to Crescent City t>n Mondays, Wed-
nesdays, and ^rldays, returninj; on alternate days. Through Fare SJ-.'^O. Asajdeas-
nrc trifi, the route from f'alatka to Crescent Ciiv has no I'tpial. I'p the St. Jolm's,
eight mih's and you divci^e to the left into Deep River, the home of the Alligator;
tlu'uce fen miles througli this wierd aud heautiftil stream aud vou suddenly emerge
into the hroail Lake <^- • • ' inilus wide amr.' ' _-
JOSEPH W. GARDINER, CroscoTil Citv. F
11,1.
i 4
The reader of this card is sohcited to siubscribe for
The Floridii Fruit Grower,"
A new and interesting ei^^lit paj^e journal, publishtnl monthly, in
Florida, that fijivat winter resort of health and pleasure. Tetfjis
$.1 per year in advance.
The Friut (Jrower is a pa[)er which to read is to. appreciate, and
aspires to the i)osition of the largest and be*<t non-partisaw paper
in Florida.
JOSEPH W. GARDINER,
Editor and Publisher,
(Jrescent. Citv, Florida.
WALDO HOL BE,
Waldo, Alucliua Co., Florida.
The only lirst-class Hotel between the .\tlantic jmd tiult thjit is opcu to guests the
year round. This Hot*'! has lii-en leaseil hv ('apt. 11. II. Williams, ot the Clillloii
Hold, .Mankaio, .Minn., ( former! v o4 Hostori, NLis>;..) and will l»e kept in such stvle as
to make the guests fi-cl at houie in this itcaulitul. healthy and attractive - Lak«' Re-
gion." Waldo is situate on the rransit K. H., eighty four miles iVoin Fernandina;
s4fventy-»)ne miles from I'tular Keis. and only four miles fiom thu great sania Fe
Lak'.' and roll ng Lake Kegion l»y canal.
The rate at the \v aldo Hou-e is $-'.<K» )»er day.
" Viator," a New York corres|>ondent. who lias vi-'itetl all ))arts of Florida, writes
as follows: " [ am best pleased with Waldo. It is em)d)atica!ly the best (dimate lor
eonsumptives. The air i^i pure and dry, and the climate most gtuiial. Invali.ls will
not be misled hy what I say, for I have .^een nianv sullerers relieved jumI eiitireh
cured by a sojourn at this |)laee. The Hotel has all the quiet, woudbrt and luxury of »
rriv.ite Home. ;md the rales are reiv reasonalile.
DR. GEO. E. HAWES
5
*>
/^m
Opposite Larkin House,
Front Street. Palatka, Fla.
ACKERMAN k JACKSCN; ;
Successors to S. W. Moody,
Druggisfs and Phannacisfs,
CORNER LEM3N AND FRONT STREETS,
PAL.rrix.l. FLO BIB A.
Also, Dealers in Florida Jewelry, Sea Beans, Alligator's Teeth, etc.
)IHS. (. n. KSTA BROOK.
Oak Street, West of Catholic Church,
PALATKA, fLA.
rn/LYSIEXT and PERMAMEKT BOA B BE US,
ACCUMMwDATl.l) uN ULASwXABLE TEKM.S
T* ♦*
3^M:msi
vflik> <\
»». V.
PALA 1 K A FLORIDA.
500 eligible Town Lots for sale. Lots available
for dwellings or stores, and valued from S50 in §5 000.
Also, Special Agent for Dwellings, Real Estate,
etc., etc. 21
IS*
I)
If!
LAKES CRESCENT AND COMO,
AND
CRESCENT CITY.
The sojourner at Palatka, or in the vicinity, will find
himself repaid for the expense entailed by a visit to Deep
Run or Dunn's Creek, Lake Crescent, Crescent City, and
the vicinity. The small fast sailing mail steamer Flora,
of which Capt. John F. Rhoads is the owner and com-
mander, leaves Palatka Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri-
days for these places, and returns on the following days.
The accommodations on board are good, and the fare ex-
cellent. Embarking on board tlie steamer, we start up
the St. John's, and eight mik's up, and three miles beyond
San Mateo, enter Dunn's Creek or Deep Run, as it is
most generally called. This is a stream four hundred
yards wide at its mouth, and one hundred and fifty at its
narrowest point, eight miles long, and deep enough to
float any vessel that plys on the St. John's. It leads into
Lake Crescent or Dunn's Lake. On the right of Deep
Run at the entrance, we come to Mukfree's Island,
where there is a flourishing grove of orange trees, owned
by Col. Hart, and elsewhere mentioned. A half mile up
the creek is the fine orange grove owned by oVIr. John
Wells. Three miles further we reach Horse Landing,
where is the large Indian mound previously referred to,
where tourists are wont to resort in the winter and spring,
while sportsmen and fishermen also seek its neighborhood
for game or piscatorial sport. Sailing on we enter
LAKE CRESCENT,
A remarkably dark sheet of water, but perfectly free from
weeds or water flags, and a beautiful inland lake, fifteen
miles long and from three to five miles wide. On the
western bank of the lake, and four miles from the en-
trance is Florence Landing, which leads back to
LAKE COMO,
An inland lake two miles back from the landing, three
miles long, and from a half to one and a half miles wide.
This is a lovely expanse of water, with no visible outlet,
and embosomed among the hills. It is eighty feet above
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
123
the level of Lake Crescent. Its banks slope up from the
shore thirty to forty feet above the water, and the shores
are sandy, and admirably adapted to bathing purposes
The bathmg facilites are very good. The country around
IS a high rolling pine ridge, and there are more than one
hundred settlers m the neighborhood, all owning young
orange groves. The settlers are for the most part North-
erners, who have established themselves here within the
past two years. In the neighborhood are two stores, a
Baptist Church, and a new town hall. One of the stores
here is owned by Mr. C. B. Smith, who also owns a flour-
ishing grove of one thousand seven hundred orange trees
The climate is healthy and the countrv fertile. Leavino-.
this landing we continue up the lake, and a mile furthe*?
up reach Port Como, which also leads back to the lake of
the same name. At this place, as well at Florence Land-
ing, there is a postoffice. At this landing is a voung
grove, the property of Mr. Shipes, who also owns the
banana grove here. Two miles further up, on the same
shore, is Oakwood Landing,, where is the orange grove
of Mr. Chas. Hutchinson, containing three hundred trees
Adjoining is the grove of Mr. R. F. Breen, of Alabama'
containing five hundred trees, and alongside of this the
Forest Grove, the finest on the lake front or on the penin-
sula, and which contains one thousand two hundred or
more trees, and sold last vear 85,000 worth of orano-es
This is the property of Mr. W. M. Nevvbold. Adjacent, to
this is the Sheffield Grove of eight hundred orano-e trees
all bearing, and beyond, the grove of Mr. Thos. N. Gautier'
ot more than six hundred trees. Passing up the lake'
we reach Dr. J. L. Newsome's grove of eight hundred
trees, a picturesque and beautiful grove, on a high hill
overlooking the water.
The Penixstla alluded to above is called Fruithinu
and is between Lake Crescent and Deep Run River on the
east, and the St. John's River and part of Lake George
on the wf^st and south, is twentv-five miles long, and
averages sixteen miles in width, and is thicklv settled on
the lake shore as well as on tlie St. John's River and Lake
George. The St. John's River settlements are Buffalo
Bluff P O., where are fine orange groves, and south of
this and further up the river, n>/As' Landing, where is
located the St. John's Colony, which came out from
New York in December last, and consists of one hundred
and sixty souls. The tract purchased was ten thousand
acres. This is called the Hernandez Grant, the neio-hbor-
hood of which is quite healthy. Next iu onk^-, are
Nashua, Rodgers, IVelaea, and Lake ("/co/y/c^ settlements
which will be more fully described when we again start
. , <
124
A GUIDE TO
up the St. John's. Most of these places 'are quite pros-
perous, and contain large and flourishing groves. v\ e
now resume our route, and arrive at
CRESCENT CITY,
On this peninsula, situated on a curve of the lake shore,
in the shape of a crescent, and on the western side, nine
miles up the lake and twentv-five miles from Palatka.
It is on a beautiful high bluff, from thirty to sixty feet
above the lake, and in a healthy neighborhood, and con-
tains more than sixty houses, four stores, an Episcopal
Church of which the Rev. C. S. Williams is the rector, a
colored 'Baptist Church, a postoffice, and a fine hotel,
owned bv Mr. J. W. Gardiner, of Providence, R. I., which
contains^twenty-two rooms, and has first-class accranmo-
dations. There are besides three boarding houses h< re.
The northern end of the town is laid out in lots of five
acres for orange groves. Wandering throutrh the town,
we come to the Gardiner House, a tasty bm inm m the
shape of a cross, with a cupola on top. A - piar. 1m vmipI
this is the residence of Mr. Conard, of \\ i-iMmt n. 1 ' C^.
On Edgewood Avenue is the attractive residence of Kev.
C. S. Williams, rector of the Episcopal Church, and nr-
<3uit pastor for the country aroiiiil. whohas acconi])li-!w !
a great deal of good wrk here duniig his Tnim-ti v < »ii
Oakwood Avenue is the Episcopal Church, u Mudil l-ui
neat Gothic edifice, erected at a cost of $(;,000. A square
south of this is the Baptist Church, on the borders of
LAKE STELLA,
A small sheet of water, three miles i -im nii -n- mile
wide and buried in the bosom of the limii tiiH- » m" "^^r
of a mile west of Lake Crescent. It is llllII^ t. . i above
the level of the larger lake, and has no outlet above
ground. South of the colored Bapti t rMnir.li. w < ^me
to the abode of Judge Patchin, of .Mirhm-m. mh .h. of
the highest and hands<'Tii.'<t xitiintion- -n t h.' lak.^. an.l
full seventy feet above the wai» r • V( 1. Ai tli' -Muth. in
rvtremity we reach the grnvo and residence ^t Maj'T .1.
1 Burton, a "Florida ciarkt^r,'' par excellence, Aud an
uiacle on the subject of Crescent City. l\\- r. ^u!. nro is
a neat frame building, on a higli \/.u\] la. m- tlu lak.'^
This grove consists of eight linnii..! ..r;nm. tr*(*s, ot
which five hundred arr h. anng. Here can Ix- -•■* n n
patch of guava trees, an .-mhth -f an ar-r.- in .■xt.aii. and
the trees all laden ^viih i'imhi, whii.' pm.-appl--. hni.-,
lemons, and other irupuai fruits aix al>" ani.>n- th(3
productions of this place. The greatest lai ui^ ^, however,
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
121
are his sugar custard apple tr^e and his ginger plants.
The ginger plants resemble young canes, with a slight
difference in the shade of color of the leaves. There is
published here the
"FLORIDA FRUIT GROWER,"
A new and interesting eight page monthly journal.
This is a readable paper, and aspires to the position of the
largest non-partisan paper in Florida. It is edited and
published by ^M r Joseph W. Gardiner. The terms are
only one dollar per year, in advance.
Back of tlie town are the groves of Mr. Harp, of five
Inmdred trees, and of Judge Morrow, of seven hundred
Uit's. On the east side of tlie lake, which is low and Hat,
is but one settlement, that of Mr. A. M. Grimsley, who
owns a young orange grove, containing two hundred and
fifty bearing trees. In the centre of the lake opposite
the town, is " Bear's Island or Lopez Island, as it was
from tins place that Lopez set out on his fillibustering ex-
pedition to Cuba.
On till- island are a small orange grove and fine flower
garden, I lie property of Mr. John Long, an Englishman.
At the south end of the lake is
'I- i ! i: ! 1 A w
1;F.EK COUNTRY,
The finest cattle ran-e in the whole county, and also a
s]^lendid game country, abounding in bears, deer, wild
taik.'ys, coons, 'possums, snipe, quail, wild durks, anl
other game, while occasionally a panther is en* < untered
by the sportsman.
HAWK CKFddx
Is a splendid body of water for fishing purposes, the trout
fishing here being particularly fine. We now take our
leave of this neighborhood, embark on board the Flora,
and wend our wav back to Palatka.
UPPER ST. JOHN'S ■
A TRIP ON THK UPPER ST. JOHN'S, LAKE GEORGE AND
LAKE MONROE.
Leaving Palatka and taking passage on the steamer
Hattie, we start out on a trip u{) this heautiful river and
proceed to catch a passing glimpse of its shores, orange
groves, and other objects of interest that present them-
selves along the route. The river, which has heretofore
been from a mile to six miles in widtli. now changes its
lake-like character and assumes the appearance of a nar-
row winding stream, but extremely beautiful. At some
sudden turn we come in sight of groves of oaks and other
trees, so thick and deep that the sun is unable to pene-
trate their silent shades, while their sliadows are flung
far into the stream, and reflected deep down on the sur-
face of the placid waters. Again, on turning a bend, the
woods suddenly disappear and give place to shores lined
with flourishing groves of banana and orange trees, the
latter laden with their golden fruit, presenting a pano-
rama of unrivaled beauty. The river between Palatka
and Welaca is considered, by tourists the most romantic
and picturesque along the entire route. Immediately on
leaving Palatka we approach the flourishing grove of
Col. Hart, on the east of the river and opposite the town,
and beyond this Capt. Adams' grove, younger but equally
as large and attractive in appearance. A few yards
further up is the settlement ^f the Fertilizer C()m])any of
Palatka, engaged in the manufacture^ of fish manure.
On the building is the following quaint device :
" Our couritrv seat,
Hotel (le Paris."
Passing on and turning what is called the '' Devil's
Elbow," we come in sight of a pictures(jue settlement and
orange grove on the east of the river, and passing it pro-
ceed up a straight reach a mile in length, witli densely
wooded shores. We pass a small live oak grove, and ar-
rive at Kavvles Town, on the east side. Making but a
short stay hei-e, w<* speed on our w.iy and reacli tlie vil-
lage of San Mateo, where there is a large ])acking house
as well as a fine orange grove. In tliis neigld)<)rh()od is
the Riverdah' Hotel, offering all necessary accommoda-
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
12:
tions for travelers who resort here during the winter.
Back of this place are numerous valuable orange groves.
A quarter of a mile higher up is the landing of Mr. Bean,
with a packing house. The Charleston and Florida
steamers stop here during the winter for cargoes of fruit.
We will not detain the reader, but will continue our jour-
ney. We next pass Mr. Lyle's packing house, and a
mile further south the Edgeicafer grore, the property of
Mr. C. F. Fuller, of Brooklyn, N. Y"., and one of the finest
and most picturesque, being situated on the water's edge,
whence its name. Almost adjacent to this are the hand-
some residence and flourishing grove of Mr. Evins, of
New Hampshire. The whole shore here for more than a
mile in length is one succession of orange groves, and
the view from the river is superb. As we journev along,
the next object that greets the eye is
MURFREES' ISLAND,
Where is the orange grove of Col. H. L. Hart, an ante
IwlliDii grove, and one of the finest on the river front.
The residence is almost completely hidden from view bv
the orange trees. There is also a fine growth of banana
trees here. Our boat is again in motion, cleaving the
water, which it dashes aside as it makes its way up the
stream, and brings us next in sight of
BUFFALO BLl FF.
On the western side, and eighty-three miles from Jackson-
ville, where is the grove of Mr. White, who also owns a
truck farm alongside, and on whose place some of the
best honey on the river can be obtained. The residence
is situated on a bluff in a clump of live oaks. We find
ourselves again ploughing our way through a narrow
and straight reach, presenting to the eye a long vista of
river scenery. After traveling for three or four miles
through unvarying scenery of shores lined with oak and
cypress woods, we reach
HORSE LANDING,
And pass on and arrive at Wells Latnliug, where is a
strawberry farm and orange nursery. This is a lovelv
spot. There are twenty acres of land here under fruit
culture. Along the shores of the river here the banks
have become washed, and for a quarter of a mile on either
side many of the trees are uprooted and continue to grow
in an almost horizontal position along the water's edge.
Numerous terrapins are seen sunning themselves along
the trunks, but disappear with a splash at the approach
of the steamer or the report of a i)istol aimed at them
from the boat's deck. Occasional! v a white crane or
\
■ i
V 1
¥■■
ui
128
A GUIDE TO
heron is seen, and sometimes the pink curlew, as we skirt
along the river shores. A quarter of a mile beyond, on
the eastern bank, is Old Nashua, and a half mile further
up, on the same side,
NASHUA LANDING.
This is a pretty bluff, in the midst of a grove of oaks.
The oak, pine and cypress trees along the shores here are
draped in moss. We pass along up the stream through a
straight reach, but soon get into a narrow pari of the
river, which is quite beautiful. The next place we come
to is
WELACA,
Near which is a fine grove of moss covere-i aipl venera-
ble oaks, on a high hill slopin- lown to the water. This
was quite a village in ante beilum t\mei>, i\]\<] i -ni'l to
have once rivaled Palatkn Tt was burnt .liiniiL; th* war,
aiTi has never been rebnih. TIi.tc i>< a -mall ^lorc l^-re
iind.r the oaks, while bt'l^w i- ihr pr.-tt\ r..tta,,5]:p of^.Mr.
P.rvaiit. The whole neigiil'orlioM.j i,v U'^laca i> a ])ictu-
r^'-M It' locality, and with its venerable oaks pi.-. iit-> a
St i-ik-iiig appearance from the river, a I I'l \\-iiM rnak.' ati
excellent picnic resort. Adjoining is an orati-.- grove,
with a .Iwelling back on a bin. aini'l a grove ->t oaks. A
qnai tor of a mile south we reach Mr. HaU\s ll'/nnf nnd
''iM!iL;-e grove on tb.- eastern bnnk. LeaviTu: this wr pass
ih.. inouth of tlie (JKLAWAHA, wliich w^iil Uv described in
due Lime, and enter
LITTLE LAKE GEORCxE.
Seven miles in length and four wido, ati<l «»ii one --kI'' ul
thr r!\. I-. whicli skirts along its edge. At the entrance
aiuiig tiie eastern shore are rows of large and stately nal-
mettoes. On a high bluff is the settlement of Beecher,
which is on a fine situation. An orange grove is found
here, but it is not well cared for, as the place has been
a ha II'
'1!
h Afilway on the eastern shore i^
a
1ar
Ke
orani^e grove, the property of Major H. R. I. asdah.
:\Iavor of Palatka, on w^hich are some ver> oM ti..-. a,
do/rn of which are fifty years old, and some ot th. m have
hetii known to produce as many as S,000 ercnn;.^. In
thi'^ grove are a thousand young oranf^e tr^es, ja-t h.mn-
nmg to bear. Again we enter tli.- ri v. r. which narrows
to about three-fourths of a mile, an-l a!ii\f witlnn -h^si^
view of the 1' '^^^ hanks, h.'r.hr.'d with forests ot oak and
cypress, and a succession of rows of palmetto tr. . -. ^i\ -
ing the shores quite a tropical appearnnee. Thf {>al-
mettoes in <nme places are riense enon^h to f, am proves,
Avhieh nr.' . xtren^^ely picturesque. We iiuw cuuie in
Slgiit ut
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
129^'
MOUNT ROYAL,
On the eastern side of the river, and 105 miles south of
^^^f ^^?.^^^|i^V ^^ *^^^ P^^^® ^^ ^^^ handsome countrvseat
ot Mr. K kirby. The orange grove contains 1,000 trees,
most of them laden with their golden fruit. There are
also a few banana trees and quite a large flower garden
on the place. The residence is a neat two story building
^vlth an attic and mansard roof, and piazzas facing the
river. Beyond are Mr. W. P. Wright's residence and
orange grove of 2,000 trees, some of which are bearing
Next on the eastern bank is the plantation of Mr. John
Varnum, of Portland, Maine, which contains an orange
grove. ^ The dwelling is a two story building, with piazzas
on the river front, and is worth six thousand dollars On
the same shore, further south, is
FRUITLANDS,
A landing on the river, back of which are some valuable
orange groves. South of this is the grove of Mr. Hani-
niond, of Cincinnati. The dw^elling house is a tine new
edifice, two and a half stories high, and built in Swiss
cottage style, and one of the handsomest on the river
On the western bank, near this place, is the settlement of
FORT GATES,
Which was a military post during the Seminole war
The grove near here is owned by Mr. Hemingway, of
Boston. The eastern side of the river is the most denselv
wooded, and also the most thicklv settled, as the prevail-
ing winter winds, are from the northwest, and the air is
rendered milder by passing over the warm water of the
river. We now leave the river and enter
LAKE GEORGE,
A magnificent sheet of water, eighteen miles long, ai:d
from ten to twelve miles in widtli. At iho entrance is '
niJA^TON ISLAND, r
Containing l.GOO acres, and well wooded. This is quite a
resort f. 'rt-urlsts during the winter, and the Drayton
Island Ifnfr/. owned by Mr. Crosby, is kept in tirst class
style. ( )n ilio island are numerous fine orang(^ groves,
the most not.'(l of wdiicli is tlx^ one ownc^l Ijy Mrs. Rem-
htTt. one of tho oldest in tlie State, having been planted
more tlian thirty years ago, and formerly tlie })ro})ortv of
JoJiii ('. CalJinuji. of South Carolina. It iiroduced last
year more tlian 150,000 oranges. ( )n the eastern shore of
the island is also the grove of Mr. Kogurs, as well as sev-
22
!•;
128
A GUIDE TO
heron is seen, and sometimes the pink curlew, as we skirt
alonu^ the river shores. A 'piart^^^r of a m\]>' beyoiKl. on
the elistern bank, is Old :\a.'skua, and a halt tnilr further
np. on tho samr* side,
NASHUA LANDING.
This is a pretty bluff, in tho Tin'ih-t of a lthvp (if onks.
Th.' i-ak. pine an f1 r'V]n'''s-; ti-'-*'- ;i!<.iil: tht^ >h<in'> lifi--' are
<ii-apt''i in ino'^s. Wr pass iih)nL;- up th.- ^trfaiii tln-MLi^'ha
straight reach, i,'ut -oon get into a narrow ].art of the
river, which is quite beautiful. The ne.xi i'la<' ^ye come
to is
VVKLACA,
Near wiiich is a fine ^ove of moss covere<l ami v.n^ra-
])]»' (Kik^. on a high hill ^^lopinir rh.wn to thr watn-. This
'A'a> ipii^'' a vihau;"*' in -//'/» hf Ihm/ tinif^. and r- ■-aid ti>
Pavf nur,' !-i\ al.'d h;il;it ka. It wa^ hui-nt .hirniL: the war.
and ha^ ii'-x^r \>>'f]\ reliiuU. idicre i-- a ^iiiad >t<>rf hfi-»*
und.r th'' ''ak>. while below is the pretty cottage ef .Mr.
Ih-vant. The whole neighhorh. h nj h\ \V» laea is a pictu-
rt'-;(iiie locality, and wiUi it^ \-<Mi,-ralih* ^aks ja•.'-t■nt-^ a
slrikui^- app'-a ranee from tlie river, and w^nild make ;iti
excellent piiin- report. Adjoining is an orang.' gruve,
witli a dwt'imi^- haek nn a hidh amid a irr'^ve of .>aks. A
(^piart'i' ' m" .1 n iile --' Mit h We riatT Mf. Ihi/ls II //»/// and
orangtj gruve uu ih*' .[i^^tprn hank. Leaving thih Wf pass
the nlouth of the ( >ki.a\\ aha, which will be descnh. d m
due time, and enter
1 1 r ILE LAKE GEORGE,
Sev.-n nllle^ Hi length and \<<\\v wide, and on one side of
the ri\-r, which skirts along its edge. At the entrance
ahaig the eastern ^hore are rows of harg.' and stately pa!^
mettoes. On a high bluff is the setrhin.nt -f n> ccker,
whi h is on a fine situation. An orange grove is feimd
h.ere, but it i< n^t well car»'d f^r. a^ tlie ])lace has hern
ahand'^ai.' h Midw.iv oti th-- ••;i-t.'i'n -here i^ a K'lrge
orange gi-^iVf. tli.- ]>r<'p''rty oi M;\\''V 11. I\. leasdah*.
;>hiv.)r "f h;ilatka, eai wliich are -minever}- eld tree^. a
dozen of which are fifty y^ar^ .uth and -ome of t hem ha v(^
been known to produce' as many as s,000 <aanges. In
this grove are a thousand voung orange trees, jn-t hegin-
mng te hear. Again we enter the river, ^v]n'(dl narr<»ws
to about thr^'e-f.>ni-ths of a nule. and an-ive within -dese
view of the i'.w hanks. b<irdered with foi'e^ts ef (lak and
cypress, and a -uceession v>f rows ef pahnetto tn^-es. gi\-
ing the >hore.> quite a tropical app'tarance. ddie pah
niettops in some places ar- hnse enough to form greves,
which are extremely picturesque. We m-w eMnie m
Slgiil ef
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
129^'
MOUAT ROYAL,
On the eastern side of the river, and 105 miles south of
f ^T ^^2.^'^li^V ^^ *^^^ P^^^^ ^'^ ^^^^ handsome countrvseat
J' ^\ ^^^^^y- The orange grove contains 1,000 trees,
niost of them laden with their golden fruit. There are
also a few banana trees and quite a large flower garden
on the place. The residence is a neat two story building
v^ith an attic and mansard roof, and piazzas facino- the
river. Beyond are Mr. AV. p. Wriglit's residence and
orange grove of 2,000 trees, some of whi( li are bearing
Psext on the eastern hank is the plantation of Air John
Varnum, of Portland, .Maine, which contains an orano-e
grove. The dwelhngisatwo storv building. Avith piazza^
on the river front, and is worth six thousand deilars. {)ii
the same shore, further south, is
A landing eii the river, back of which are some valuable
orange groves. ►S«.uth of this is tlie grove of jlr. Ham-
mond, of Cincinnati. Tlie dweUing hon^e is a time new
edifice, two and a half stories high, and huih in Swiss
cottage style, and one of the handsomest on the river
On the western bank, near this place, is the settlement ot
I'ORT (tATES,
\\'hieh. was a niditary poc;t fhirino^ the Seminole war
Ihe ^^rove near here is owned hy Mr. Hemingway of
Boston. The eastern side of the river is tlie most denselv
wooded, and also the most thicklv settled, as the prevail-
ing winter winds, are fn>ni the n'erthwest, and the air is
rendered milder by passing over tlie warm water of the
river. We now leave the river and enter
LAKE GEORGE,
A in.agnrficent sheet of water, eighteen lni](^s long, and
from ten to twelve miles in width. At the entrance is
niLWTOX TSL.\XD,
Containiipg 1,G00 acres, and well wooded. This is quite a
resrw-i hMMonrlsts during tlie winter, and the Draf/fon
l.sl.nnl Ilnft i. Mwiied liy Mr. Crosby, is kept in first class
style. ( )n tlie island are niinierous fine orange groves,
the in<*st noted of wdii(di is the one owned hv Mrs. Rem-
i»ert. (.ne of the oldest in the State, having been planted
mere tlian thirty years ago. and formerly the property of
Jo//// ('. CalJio'ni. of South Carolina, 'it ])roduced last
year nmre than 150,000 oranges. ( )n the eastern shore of
tla- ishnid is also the grove of :\Ir. Rogers, as well as sev-
i
ii
J
H
V \
130
A GUIDE TO
eral others. On the western bank is Mr. A\ . .;ht's ^mo\ p,
which yielded last season more than 50,000 oranges. The
vegetables raised on the island are remarkably fine. N*; ti-
the entrance to thr lakr i> nnnr]if>r island, called
HOG It^I.AM).
These two islands are separated from each oiht-r \>\ a
narrow strip of water, ana fronting each other, and fac-
ing the river, stand like sentinels guarding liie nil ranee
of the St. John's into the lake. On the
MAIN SihjKI-: t.»r Ttii. LAKE,
On the eastern side is a line of ..ran^-e ^v^^w^, vvliich vve
]»roropd t'^ mention in ilif <>r<lfr ni wln'.-li itif\ CMnif. The
!!/•>! ;■- Ml'. I i i_:-lfy".-> gi'MV f. and aiijao'nt T<> this ar-' the
<.a'angc ana i.<anana grn\a'> of Mr->. I l;i wkin--. Lravnig
these, we come to Mrs. .Manville's and i >r. ( "nllV gr«'Vc>,
and farther on the grove and }.iantaii"!i of l>r. I'oTers.
dditTr a FH 800 orange trees in hi- gr>.\f, .Mid in his nurse-
ry :i5,000 seedlings, wind.- liin.'>. K-ni'^is, baaana.-. gna vas,.
fig^. f>int' ai'ph-. an-i almost every \-ai-it'T \- of tropi'-nl
frui 1 > arc r ound on hi> pla^N-. TTf lia< a i-o ;i ti nr n n^>t■!■\■
g•a^tlt'Il and ii' ', ho a So. wdioro u'a rd-n pla at -^ of a II do>-(a-i[i-
tions arc gi'oNN n. Wo \V(.aId roci innnond TuvvtT'i'^ to pa v
a visit to this lake anii noighl>oi-houd. Beyond ihi> i->
LAKE C'FORrjF. T.ANTMXG,
Where is the postot!iae, of whu ii Mrs. Peters is tla- Post-
mistress. This whole group of groves and dwolhng
lifMises forms one of the nio^t hoautiful ^pots on tho hike
hor-,h'r. The tuberose, poMio^-rauao' and otlaa- plants
grow iuxunanriv here, while \arioi\ i- unpartod to the
landscape bv palmetto trees, int.r-por-od liorr and thore
among the orango and lemon trees. On tin- -Ihu-o is the
extensive orange grove of Mrs. Hinds, oiiginahy a wild
grove, but whidi has beon ]iuddo(L and last season \ irlih
ed more than iuu,()O0 oranges. This season the < rop will
exceed 200,000 oranges. On this shore and opposite 1 )ray-
ton Island is the settlement of
<tK' iRdF/n »WN,
One hundred and twenty-throo ui]]>-< from dark-om ijle.
There is a lumber mi!! at this place. The ^horos ah-ng
the lake are quite tropical in .ippoarance. We arrive
next ;it Mr. Cosgrove's, from whose wharf we obtain a
■fino view of the groves. Cir. the western -iioro of Lake
George is a high bbtff, in the vicinity c>f w hi<h is Si,riuq
Grove. Mr. W. K. Lent also owns*^a fine orango grove
and farm on the eastern side of the lake. Before leaving
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
131
Lake George we cast our eyes over its broad expanse of
waters. It resembles an inland sea. and is Tlie largest of
the chain of lakt's that constitute tlie lower St. John's
River. There are storms here occasionally wliieh rival
those of the Atlantie Ocean, when the waters rise in
waves as liigli a> tlie billows of the sea. and whon it is
unsafe for steamers to navigate its angry tides. We take
our leave uf the lak<', and after an hour and a quarter
spent in crossing it, arrive at the Volusm Bai\ an«d pass-
ing over the same, emerge from this inland sea. and re-
enter the St. John's, which again becomes narrow and
winding, witli shores covexetl with stately forest trees
and luxuriant undergrowth. At the entrance on tlie east-
ern shore, is tlh^ settlement (»f
I>AKK VIEW,
The property of Mr. Koj)e's. where is an orange grove,
and also a beautiful cluster of palmetto trees on tlie ex-
treme point. Here water lilies, flags or bonnets and
water cresses c<»ver tlu^ surface of the river in large
patches or S(]uares. resembling floating fields of verdure,
some of them several acres in size. The river from this
point to Volusia is unsur})assed in natural scenery and in
wild luxuriant growth along the shores. It winds and
l)ends in a series of gentle curves around densely wooded
shores of a semi-tropical a]>pearance. On the eastern
shore for the distance of a mile there is a grove of pal-
metto trees of tlu' largest growth, and the shores are not
inon^ than 4uu yards ai)art. We liave now arrived at
V()LI\^LV,
One bundre(l and forty-four miles from Jaeksonville. situ-
ated on ahigli hill, sloping down to the water. It is on the
east side, and on a bend, and was formerly an old Spanish
town, whicdi long since f(dl into decay. iHiringthe Semi-
nole war there was a fort here. From this point facili-
ties are offered for visiting New Sinyrim and Indian
River. The settlement now consists of the store and
residence of Mr. L. H. Eldridge. who owns the orange and
banana grove on the bluff. Three miles south we reach
MANHATTAN,
On tlie western bank, where is a wharf, and also a store-
bouse. Standing on this Avharf the river view is verv
fine, especially the lower portion. In the middle of tlie
stream is a beautiful islet, covere.l with trees, and almost
circular, and within rifle shot of
ORANGE BLUFF,
Which we next reach. This is on the eastern shore, 147
miles frtjui Jacksonville.
,1
tn
132
A GUIDE TO
Near this place is a packing house. The oranges in this
neighborhood are some of the choicest and sweetest in
Florida. There are also numerous fine orange groves of
sour oranges in the vicinity, and near by is a small hand-
some wooden dwelling, situated on the brow of a l^eau-
tiful, steep cone-shaped hill, while along its slopes is a
grove of orange trees planted in regular rows. On the
right of the dwelling is a fine grove of palmettoes. This
is one of the most picturesque spots along the river. Our
Steamer is ploughing her way through the rippling waters
of the river, and we are again en route for the sunnv
south. The river here widens into a small lake covered
Avith bonnet plants, while along the eastern shore is a
low of palmettoes. We are now in sight of
LAKE i)i;\ ri;u,
' A small but beautiful lake, completely bordered with
forests, and at the present moment as smooth as a mirror.
This is considered one of the loveliest lakes oji th- ri\ er.
In our course we pass a iniiiiber of small well wooded
islets that dot the surface of the water, and add variety
to the river scenery. We are now traversiuL;- a ])retty
stretch of the river, which winds and curves like a ser-
pent when in motion. As our steamer pants on her wav
up, we pass the mouth of
ALEXANhKK >r!;i.\r; CRF.EK,
A trihiitary of the St. Johns, which runs ba- k iiit-. the
c<»ui!trv for thirty miles or more, and whose waters are
n-iii;irk;il>le fr^v their clearness and p^rir^-. Tlirro are
.11'
spnn^> alung the banks. The water.
ar»M . clear
tiui: ohjects can be seen at the bottom, a ai.^iance of
I w, niy feet. Its source is a large boiling mineral spring
t t ail a( r. m extent, comprising numerous small -aljliur
aii.i other springs. We twist and turn v/ith the carves
;tri(l l)fn<ls of the river, while imniorou^ w;it.>i- fowl, ^uch
;i- wiut-- <■[•,■)!:, ■^;. herons, grey and \Nhi!.' and ht-autifiil
pink (airlou-^. an>} occasionally a pelican lli,'> (.\rr the
sti\'ani or >kini> along its surface, or an nliiLcator inav he
seen with his head above wat.r. He is not unchallouL;. d
however, for the shai-
' oraok » -1
a, rifle, or tite report of
a
pistol, atiinonishes hnn 'tiiat foes are at han.l. and (iown
goes hi^, head, v/liile the halK llatten on the wai.r aronnd.
The wi.itli of the stream here is not moro than on.- hun-
dred a!id twonty yards. We emerge occasionalK fii-ia
the wotxis into a part of the river that flow- t]iroUL:ii fi» lU
of bonnets, which are here called prairie-. Tho i i\ » i- his
dwnidled into a small winding creek, with 1-w Wm hanks
lined with c^nes and water willows, clothed wiih a Inxu-
THE LA^'D OF FLOWERS.
'i
133
riant growth of vines and parasitic plants, while occa-
sionally a few clusters of trees are seen in isolated groups.
Again, we find ourselves embosomed among wooded
shores. W e have now reached
teT. ruA.NCIS.
On the western bank, and twenty-five miles from Orange
-Bliitf. Here we see one dwelling, a group of fine oaks
and a small orange grove. We w^end on our wav, the
<lark green fohage of the oak and cypress here mingling
with tlie Ito-liter verdure of the sweet gum and water wil-
^':;'' "''. ^'"' ^J^^er. while the woodbine, jessamnie, and
other vmo^, hnr the water's edge. We enter a sti-aight
reach three-fourths of a mile long, and turning a bend
como 111 s]-],t of a row of tall ]>almettoes on the western
f^h.ore. _ ^ear this place is a tall d» ad cvpress, on top of
Avlnrh IS an eagle's nest, which stands out like a beacon
jMant \\ e next pass Crow's Bluff, and continue on our
way thr..u-h the same succession of wild natural scenery.
W e ent^r a reacli with rows of palmettoes on both sides,
and tmah y arrive at Haw^kinsville, on the western hank
one hundred and seventy-four miles from Jacksonville
Ihis |.lace is owned by Judge Brvsoii. wno is also the
})ropnetor of the store here, and of the fine grove of
orang.^and banana trees that fine the shore. Back of
this landing are many fine orange groves. The trees here
are covered to the very topmost branches with ])arasitic
I'iants and vines. We leave this place, and a mile further
come to Cabbage Bluff, on the east of the river, where
w^e hnd a store, a few orange trees, and a grove of pal-
mettoes. Our boat is again in motion, scudding along
like a thing of life, and we pass an island of some extent
and turnni- a ])end reach De Land's Landing, where can
h- h.und a lar-e warehouse and flourishing orange grove.
\v e leave thi- {dace, and in a short tinT". jiud ourselves in
LAKE lU'RESFURD,
And reach Alexander's Landing, on the lake. The lake
isaindeanda halt wide, nearly circular, and bordered
with jiamiofto trees. The settlement of
BERESFORI)
^•" '^[■^" ".'' ^''^^ ^'^f^'''- Leavm- till^ Wi, Lxmtinup our way
n{. th:' riv,.!- whndi is not nioiv tlian fiftv feet wioc here
aiai .merge from the woods into the prairie couutr\ We
have now reached Blue Springs Landlng, on the east of
tho nvor. and one hundred and eightv miles from Jack-
sunviho There is a cove near tliis landing, which can
be seen iv -m tlie deck of the steamer. This is blue spring
134
A GUIDE TO
a small sheet of water, and one of a series of springs of
dark blue clear water, in which you can see the fish and
other objects for a considerable distance down. Xoar the
wharf is a thriving orange grove of sev.r:.! hundred
trees, the property of Mr. Thursby. This iaudiug is the
depot for
^ .CHANGE CITY,
Tw.' ,iii'i a iiii'ii iinl*- i«ack in t'ne count r\. There are a
goo<l class of settlers here, and the tcwn hnasts a lai-*'
Ci'innio'iiou- h^t.-h a rliurrh. ^.-h- h >lhouSf. hjaok-niith and
whrfi\vrm-ht sliop. TWO Stores, and a p. v<t. vtH<-f. SLvanKTS
iipriv.' at and h'av.' tlv landinir d.niv durniLC tii-' wnit-T.
'ld\.' (^.unirv ar.'Und w t"un'. r.^hinu" and health}, whih^
tlir!-'- art' n"ian\- vahiahU' Mrun--.' ^T"^''^ ^'^ ^''*' vicinity.
Tilt' land,- aruiupi arr ^uitt' frrtdf, and t.rart> ran \>r juir-
cha^fd at t'r«un >5lc {>> ^'^') ]u'r acre.
The whi-^th' is bl-win--. and muf impatient little ^trainer
i> air^adv ni inoti^ui. Wr continue eiir upward course
l).-twe»-n" well woodod ijanks. hut smm einerj^-f from
them and a^ain tlnd oursehfs in tlie (.pen swamp or
i.rairie countrv. Th- stream i- narrow. <le.'p and raj.id,
i.ut MUite -afe" and ea>v of navi-atmn. Pahnett<ws hue
the sliere-. d'he cuuntry twcivo mde^ hack ot thi^ rises
to Dne hundred feet. an"d is a mauniiti<-ent cattle range.
( )ur boat 'j:\\dr> 111 the hosom of tho >troani iji hyr up-
ward cour'^e. and we pa>- ah-nu^ a thin row (»f nahuetto
tre(-. which ar.' in a strai-ht lino, and stand like scnti-
n<as ah.'ii^- the eastern shoi-o. After pas>in- num.Tous
^■rnves of palmetto. v.-e roach I'Ai ant Ki/-. Landin* .. and
a littlt^ hoyoii,! tlio month of tic
WKKIVA Hl\ KK,
A tribntarv of tlie St. ,hihn'-. winch run> throii.udi ('h'!/
^'///•//,^/.^•. a'sheel uf nnnoral wator. Tic river i^ navi^-a-
bleaii'i pictnro<(|Uo, and remaiitie in theextn-nie in a]o
pearaneo. :ind the rcburt uf traveler- and tourists during
the w nit or. .
Fa-.-nm- tin- -tream the St. John -> again chanu-o- its
protean >lia}ie. and \siden> into the >i/.e of a small lake,
^nid horoiiio- (luito -TI•ai^•ht. its east-'i-ii -hore ludng bor-
dered by a row of ].almettoes, succeeded by a line of live
oaks, overhati inn ^- tho stream. .\ litth- l.evond and to
tlie riLrht and wo-t, wo <-onio to a ^Tovo of nalmettoes.
whicin -o.-n bv moonhudit. present a novel and imp' .sing
appearance. \N"e now ontor
A lar_:o -hoot of Vv-ater. twelve miles long and five miles
wide,"aiid abouutliUL: m lislu whilo numerous water f(.wl,
such as the crane, heron, grey, white and pink curlew
THE LAND OF FLOAVERS,
135
and pelican, feed on its shores. The country around is
quite fertile, and contains many valuable orange groves,
\^"o now arrive at
SAXFORD, *-
On its western shore, 20-4 miles from Jacksonville. This
pla<o was settled some years ago by :vrr. Henry S. San-
ferd, at one time Minister to Belginm. and is an incorpo-
rated town of about 300 inhabitants, aiid. eontains eight
stores, a town hall, an Episcopal <'hurch and three iK.teLs,
the JS(nij'nni Ihmse, kept hv Mr. d. B. Wistar. of Phila-
delphia: the \l)i,,.^r !{nns,'_ k-o]>i by Mr. l-Hunquist. and
the p()/jiif: fh>i(se, by Mr. (Jeo. A.'Snwver. and a Post-
othce. There is a fi-hing company established here, who
ship lari^e quantities of sliad and' sliad roes to the Xorth
in tho wintei". and <'onvort the inferior fi-h into manure,
lor tli*c use of ill,, orange o-rovps in the noigliborhood.
In the country, two atii] liaif miles back, is the Belle
Air drove, of 100 acres, containing foreign orange and
limo trees of the finest (piality, and also a magndficent
.uardeii of foreign and native roses, geraniums and tropi-
cal hot house ]>lants, and flowers of ever\- variety. This
].i-o[>erty is ov.nod by General Sanford. "The town leads
back tea lovo] rolling connn-x'. to \v]ii(di tiiere are several
line aveiiut's and drives. Tho iH'i^^-hborhood is ]>rincipallv
settled by N<_.rtlierners, and is plaiited in (grange groves.
Among the oldest and most noted is that of Mr. Speer,
as well a< tho Ifayden and Marklian:! grove, and many
others contain in- from 50 to 80 acres each. Fr(.m San-
ford and Mellonville were ship].ed last season 4,000,000
of oranL^e-. about 24,000 boxes. Lemons, limes, pine-apples,
gua\as, grapes, bananas, etc.. abound here. A mile be-
yond, on the same side of the lake, is the town of
MELLONVILLE.
Two. hundred and five miles from Jacksonville. This is
an incorporated town of about the same number of in-
habiiants as Sanford. It is the oldest town of the two,
and contain- ill! o, liotels, the M^UonvHb' IlofrJ, owned
by :\rr. 'I'. .\. Hewit, of tin's ])lace: the MrlJonviUe Houses
kept by Mrs. J. J. Hill, and another one, also well kept.
Tt contains also a Methodist churcli. two stores and a
postofTir'(\ There are several drives and a large avenue
leading back into the hilly country. In this neighbor-
hood aic also to be found flourishing orange groves.
Till- was formerly the site of Fort Mvllun, erected during
the Seminole war. As this is a large orange producing
section, we will hazard a few remarks on
n
IS
136
A GUIDE TO
ORANGE GROVES.
A grove budded on sour stocks, in a favorable locality,
will commence to pay in five or six years. When seed-
lings are planted, the trees rarely begin to pay before the
tenth year. An acre contains eighty trees, sometimes
more, and after it has been set out or planted, one man,
with a little extra help in the grassy season, can attend
to a grove of eight or ten acres. One man suffices to cul-
tivate the Speer Grove, mentioned above. This contains
seven acres, and yielded last year 350,000 oranges, wliii h
netted S18 per 1,000, amounting to about $6,000. The grove
is thirty years old. During the picking and ]);uki!ig sea-
son extra help has to be hirrMl. Those whu hii\ v invested
here in this enterprise, and Lave failed, have <iiii.'r ne^;--
lected their groves, have been lacking in judi^-nient and
business knowledge, or have selected bx aiities totally
unadapted to the orange culture. One aiul u hall miles
back of Mellon ville is the villai;* -t
Of one hundred inhabitants, and containing thin y nr f nrty
houses and two small hotels, one of which is cah. .1 the
Orange House. There was also a fort hore (hirinjj: the
Seminole war. On the eastern bank of Lake ^Ujuiue is
the town of
ENTKIU'KISR,
Situated on a high bluff, and 210 miles south of Jackson-
ville. This is the county seat of Volusia Count >j. and
contains about forty houses, two stores and ont- lar^^e
hotel, the Brock House, and a postoffice. Thi^ tnwn I. ads
back to a splendid sporting country, wIk iv (ht r. Ik ar,
wild turkeys, coons. ']
los'^iinis.
;nij
>r.
1 1 a 1
an<
CVt'I'V
species of game are in i^rfat ahniiilancu. Aloii^'- tht- lake
water fowl are very uhundant. a^ ht.fore stated, and the
fishing is excellent. In the vi( inity is
GKKKN S PK I \ri.
A body of sul]th'ir wattT. tiu-htv f»-.'t in diameter, and
100 feet deep. From Kntrrpn--' >t. am. rs ran tn S.\T/r
Lakk. and frnm thi^ lak.* ihfi'f i> a h<>rsv f rani /nn/, six
miles l^'nL^, whioii l-'a-l^ tn Sam* i'cjiNT. '»n the Indian
River. The steamer \'(jiu^ia ruii> to Salt Lake and the
viianil V.
INI'IAN HIVKK. •
This is a salt laj^'H.n ur hay. x'parat.'d fmni the St.
.h>hn'< Itivfi- h\- a narrow strip nf land. >ix nnh's wide at
it^ narr«^west iniint. and from the sea by a mer<' strip of
sand. I^ i^ irau-yv nnd*-^ in lfni;-t]i. ainl in width \'aries
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
1S7
from ten miles to less than two in some places, but aver-
ages two miles. It runs from north to south, slightly in-
clmmg eastward, and is parallel with the Atlantic coast,
and is connected with the ocean by three inhis. the
southernmost being Jupiter Inlet, and the northern In-
dian Piv^r Inlet. It is quite shallow, but has a channel
in the eenter from eight to ten feet deep, and is a ma^^nii-
lieent sheet of water for yachting or boating. The water
IS clear and of a sky 1)1ne color, and in calm weather^
when its surface is unruffled, the bottom can easily be
seen, and the fish can be perceived sporting in its pellucid
waters a long distance off. The banks, in some places,
are In-li and steep, and from twenty-five to thiitv feet
above the water level, while the growth along the shores
IS the only real tropical growth in Florida, consisting of
benr])erry. ffiimelerna. box tree, india rubber tree, cocoa-
nut. ^nur ..rrm.^-r and lime, and the mangrove. It abounds
in fish uf all descrijitiniis. and is the best fisliimr region in
th.' whole State. In its waters can be found in immense
numhrrs th.' mullet, r.-d fish or bass, sheephead. jew fish,
salt water tr.Mit. the angel fish, a great delicacv, sailor's
choice, hlackti.-h, whit inij^, and almost everv species of
salt water fish. Here can be found the largest and finest
oy.-t.Ts on onr poast, and in great abundance. Xumer-
<Mis >]HH-]f>s i>f water fowl frequent its shores. Here may
bo s. ■en the heautiful roseate colored spoon-bill or pink
cui-!ew. as well as the white and grav. the ganut and
every variety of crane and heron, as Avelf as everv speoies
«'f wild du'-k an.l the white and gray pelican. The coun-
try a.i-<uind i^ <diiefly pine land, an(f the northern end is
heme; era. lually settled up and planted, principally in
oranges, lemons. ])ine apples, bananas, and other tropical
friuts, an<] also m sugarcane. The climate is the most
delightful and >aluhrioTis in the United States, being
equally fine n\ Mimnier and winter. It is as invigorating
and braeing in summer as the more northern seaside re-
sort-;, and ima-h more soft and bland, and tlK^refon^ more
suitable f.T invalids and winter tuurists. This localitv
may he (billed the sportsman and fisherman's paradise.
In the country can be foun<i in abundance game of eYt^ry
description, bears, iiantlurs. wulves, deer, otters, foxes,
'possums, coons, and also wild turkeys, snipe, quail and
other wild fowl. On its shores is also found the cele-
brated coipiina fur building material. Boats are some-
tnnes run fn.m St. Augustine to this river, but can al-
ways be chartered at
NEW SMYRNA,
An old settlement on thr Atlantic coast, where, in 1767,
Andrew Turnbull kuaivd l,oiJ(J Minorcans. Formerly
fi
ih
138
A GUIDE TO
large indigo crops were raised here. It is situated on
Mosquito Inlet, which is the opening of the Halifax and
Hillsboro' Rivers, into the Atlantic Ocean. The southern
end of Hillsboro' River is called Mosquito Lagoon, v.liich
is connected with Indian River by the
Dug by the United States Government six years prrvlous
to me opening of the late war, under a contract with l)r.
George E. Hawes, of South Carolina, now a ]»hysi( lan at
Palatka. The canal cost five thousand dollars.
■ THE OK LAW AH A RIVER.
Twenty-six miles south of Palatka, and li'l iiiilrs from
Jacksoiiviiir. the traveler haves the hmad, bold stream
of the St. J(-hn"s, an<l pluiijj:*'.-. at «aicc into ilie lit-art of a
deep and densely woodod >\v;tni}). and entr-rs throujj^h au
I'p'-nin^^ sixty or sevf^ntv yar(l.-^ wide, a narrow, dark and
windiri!^'" >treani. whose hoiMh-rs aro linnl with tall,
gi^^antie eyure^s trees of viri^^in ;^-rowth. towt^ing
eii^dity feet above the water, and draped in hanging grey
nie'ss. while the edges lower down are frin^j^ed with the
whit^' niaph'. a>h. magnolia and palmetto, wliose trunks
are oh)thed with dra}»cry of parasitic ])lants and cree}>ing
vines (;f the nh)>t heatitifnl and luxuriant growth. The
river tiows thr» »n-;-h an inipf-netrahle swarnj*, whose shores
on either hand arc beiieatli the surface of tlic water, an<l
completely >uhmerged for a distance i^f half a mile or
more Ijack from the stream to the ri^dit and left. It is
merely a narrow channel way through a swamp of im-
mense extent, winch follows the course of the stream for a
distance of n:iore than 1^ > nules heftsre the scenerv
changes, and tlie river emerges into an immense water
prairie, strettdiing as fai' as tlie eye can reacdi. for a dis-
tance of rather more than sixty miles, when it finally
enters Lake ( Irirhn. The cypress is the ])rincipal growth,
diversitied hy maple, ash. oak and palmetto, and when
the river is traveled on a beautiful, still, clear moonlight
niglit. it assumes a scanhre and weii-d.diko appearance, and
the dimly li^dited vi-ta that presents it^olf to the eye of
the a[)proach!n^- traveler, resf'nd)les th.e aisle of some an-
cient Gothic cathedral, or the hall of a venerahh^ and
ghost-haunted castle of Media'val times, as seen in the
rotlectiou of the moon's jtalo heam.^. Puring the day
time the smooth, tall gr.en cap])ed cypresses, raising their
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. 139
urnbrelia-.diaped summits to the sky, and almost meeting
above, cast their shadows over the entire width of the
stream, and contribute to render the scenery alone- the
river romantic, picturesque and beautiful bevond descrip-
tion. \\ Inle the view by dayliglit is beautiful, novel and
pictures(iue, and by moonlight sombre and weird-like yet
nothmg ecpuils the appearance which it presents nor the
impression it produces when it is traversed on' a <lark
nigiit. lighted up by the fire which burns on the deck of
the steamer which ploughs its wav up its narrow^ and tor-
tuous course. The vista is dark.deepand gloomv while
the cypress swamps around, shrouded in impenetra-
ble blackness, resemble the dimlv lighted vault of
some old churcli of the middle ages. ' If at the same time
the organ on the Tuskawilla be touched bv some skillful
hand, tlie solemn strains and the gloomv scenerv around
produce an impression upM,n tlie mind at once mysterious
and solemn. "^
The Oklawaha takes its rise in Orange Coimtv, from
Lakes Dora and Ap.^pka. and from thence flows through
Lakes (xrifhn, Eustis and Harris. Its largest source of
supply, however, is Silver Springs Run, a beautiful
trans])arent stream of water, nine miles in len^nh from
where It empties into the Oklawaha to Silver" Sprinrrs
wliH-h IS Its source. Tlie Oklawaha is navigable for ^75
miles from its mouth, and flows through a rich and fer-
tile country. comi)rising .Alarion. Sumter and a portion of
i utnam Counties, and is the highw^av to one of the most
productive sections of the State. It is from ten to twelve
feet deep and quite ra}.id. while the waters are dark
and muddy. 1 he name Oklawaha is of Indian orimn
and means crooked irafrr, and the river well deserves the
title t(.r It IS the narrowest navigable stream in the world
tor itslength, and is a succession of bends and turns
bometimes the bends are less than sevent v-five feet ai)art'
andii the steamers were not especiallvVonstructed for
the puri)ose steam navigation along its course would be
an imi)<)ssibility. It was originallv navigated bv flat or
narrowb..atswliudi were poled up, and the problem of
navi^ratinj.r n by steam has only been solved within the
last twenty-five years.
We will now proce«Ml to give some description of a vov-
age up its course until we emerge into the beautiful lakes
beyond. Steaming up the river for a distance of eiLfht
miles, we reach
DAVENPORT LANDING,
Which leads back into a fertile pine land region, opened
up and settled withm the last four vears, and cultivated
in cotton and corn, and containing nianv thriving vouug
1^
140
A GUIDE TO
oranp:e groves, while all the tropical frnit-^ arp ra-ilj
raised here. In the neighborhood are tAvt'iityfiv,' >>! tlmty
settlements, while the countrv fivf- or six niiirs Lark ri>es
into a hilly and healthy regiuii. Most of the laiui^ iu the
vicinity are owned by the Government, and are called
homestead lands, and can Im purchased f<»r a liMitly
nominal price, by complying with the horn* -^i* ail law.
Our steamer is again in motion, up a narrow -tr-nn.
not more than thirty feet wide, while the vines and
branches on either hand brush the sides of the vesso! as
it passes along. We turn a bend and ent(T a widrr part
of the river, but are soon again in the narrows, and m a
short time arrive in sight of
FORT BROOKE LANDINU,
Thiriy-six miles from the ni<'mh. Two miles back e>f
this is
OliANGE SriMNGS,
A settlement so naaied from ilio sulphur s}»i-iTi^^ in the
vicinity. | -assessing fine medicinal properties, aii'l the r.-
sort of 1' -urists (luriii:: Th^ wiiii-r, 'Iliere are two wrll
kept hotels, oiif 4iiitelarge containing 140 m. .ms. 11irro
are several niM' '-rani:*' _i-oves in this neij^liborliood. A
little higher up Ui^' nvi-v ']< i)vnu'j;<' ^])vin';:< landin.LC alx)
Uadintr back t^' the -dil.rii.'iiT nt' tip- >amc nanit;. A
joarnuy ut tkirt-'fH mil.- t'urtlicr hnng.^ u^ lu
loLA,
Some iii>tance back ul wiiicii i- a liirivuiL;- sfttlfiiicnt^.
"Wp pass along and next, come m >uiii "i a Ihl:)' !»lntf.
\\ iiich for a mom- ni breaks the monoton\ of the s\vam]>
scenci'y. Icit are soon again -uit^ .mch-ii 1'}' fc<i-c^ts and
\\aT.r. Occasionally an islet or pcnin>ula appears cov-
er'-'l wirli trees, whose tnnik>ar. onwoiMptMl in vinc^ and
creepnig plants. We n'>\y pass Log l.an<inm-. < Mir next
landin-- jilacp is
sixty-eighili niiie> up. Tlie N'Kanit}' is cultivated in c«it-
tun, corn, sugar cane and rice as well as oranges and
tropical fruits, while further back is a rolling i)ine region
fertile and htaltliy.
We leave tin- place and follow the course of the rivor,
v/liicli i- t\N'*i!tv fe.'t \vi(h'. and reacli two cypress trees
SO close together tiiat the hark i- ruhhed < 'If in some ])laros
by tlie boats ]»a>>inu: h. t -A.'.'ti : .nr craft gr-a/.es in passin,l,^
an^i purines its liar!' c.s- wnidin.;- course. The hands on
h-;o-d. ar- ivw ctan^'ned at the bow, pole in hand, to a.^-
si--t in t 'iiaiin,.:' t ],>■ ve.-std.
We steam alon^- 1 wi-t in.;-, turninu'-and windinc; throngli
scenery of wild r'jmantic beauty, an ^1 roimdin-; a ben<l
THE LAND OF FLOWERS 141
come in sight of a bluff sixty feet high, sloping down to
the water on which is the settlement of MiT McLure
This is called
SUNDAY i-LUFF,
Severn V miles up the river, a lofty height, towering
above the river. Our little steamer glides along the sur-
taceof the nv.r. and we are again in the swamp and
tnrinne .a <'irve. catch sight bf a natural curiositv m the
siiape of two cypress trees, which have inclined towards
each r,rher nntil they have united and form a single tree
-•\l''''^Mhe n.ite IS another freak of nature, in the shape
ot a douhle h.aded palmetto. Wending our wav under
the over-arching tive,^ and passing a liandsome clusiHr of
paimettoes, we reatdi
PALMET'J'o LA,M)iNG,
Seventy-six mile^ from the mouth. We take a fleetina
gl^nice, at this and i,a» Mil. A half mile hitrher up is
Gore's I.and me-. eiglity-Mx milo up. We now come in
siKht ol a hank six or eight feet hi-h. hut are soon a^^ain
surrounded hv water an-l w.h,,]^. and six miles hightTup
rea(d) l)eurisosa Landm.-. hut make m, stav here and
•■'•ntinumg on. ].ass a grove of laH j.ahnettoe; en .;ur Kff
and a nnle turiher enter a reach bareiv wid.c euou-h U,r
"iir httle crait to pa^-^. hut <uccooii in "bum].ing our w-av
liirough. Kmer-iU- wr nnd our>eives in a 'wider anil
more navi-able part of the stream.
In this nei-hhorhood the fishing is verv tine, liie river
aboundim: m trout, luvam. etc. Trout ^are frequentlv
cau.^Tit here weighing tw^elve pounds. Deer wild tur-
keys .piail. etc., abound en the hie-h lands and anions the
scrni) <.ak>, wlnle wild ducks, curlew., herons, cranes
and Nvater turtle:, are Inund in great numbers ahan- i]ie
rnej- hank>and in the ^wamjts. ^
^^ e have liow reached
LONG'S landing;.
Xmety-three mil... up The riv.-r. hack of which is a ihriv-
mg settltmieni. while lii the viemitvare numerous cotton,
corn and cane plantations and manv <.ran<'-e groves'
Last winter there were oO.OOO oran-es ;hi].]M"hrfrom hero'
A mile hey(uid We e,,m,. t,, Gkahamviulk a iu-h hluil
on whudi is a neat cuttage. Jouruevme ,;n we pass
LiMJU<i\ h^.m-FF. ninetv->ix inilo u}c '
_ <hir little. u-aft speeds aloUL^ un ihe luarr-w windin^^-
["■''[- ;'''"'" ^^'" ''^"'^•'^^' -^ ;' rill- -r the report of a pistol
i^'y'i>''i ill -ome Me.-pm- aih-ator. which invarlal.lv mies
of] unharmed, hivaks the silence of the forests an.und
bometmies an unet^.udmg limpkin or water turtle i- tlu;
object ot th.' >].orimairs notice. Occasionallv. at th> re-
1 1
r i.
142
A GUIDE TO
port of a pistol, a water turtle is seen to drop fr. .in a pro-
jecting limb of a tree into the water, and whi!r tlit- marks-
man exults in his own skill, behold he disappt-ar- >iiiiler
the water, and his long neck and snake-like head are
alone seen a few minutes later, far out of guu^liot. We
turn a bend, pass a Mr.ff and again linr}- ..nrsclves in the
swamp. We now reach apc^inr wli.Te two^t^t•anls in'-et,
and turn t" tlic I'i^-ht. where the water is as clt-ar as
crystal, and w.- ar-' in
SILVER SPRTN<is KFN,
Wln.'h is callril il;*- I'kide OF THE Oklav.-aha. at lli.^
mouth of wlncli ran be seen where'the clrar and th.'
nniddv waters nif't. Fifty yards furtlicr u]» we can see
the butt'^ni. N\hi(di i^ niorr than twenty fcrt deep, as vr.dl
a=;thr- wh"U' fnrniatK'n <>f tiif riv^T hrd ami sinallrst tish
swinumnij: htdnw. and the n.unutest ])ubblu, sludl orfern,
at the bottom.
Tlu' whole course. f..r nino mih'< ui). i< sur])assingly
beautiful At certain pha-'-'s the bedi.f the river deepens
to forty feet, at the bottom of whi(di a tive cent piece can
be seen. Auam laru'e portion^ ^A^ t)ie bed are covereii
with a luxuriant i^n-owtli of waving weeds, resembling
wild oats, which o-^ciUate to and fro with the motion of
the water. a< tields nt grain would wave at the sighing
of a summ-T breo/.f. In other phe'es tlie l»ed is fr(H' from
weciN. and o^n-i-^ts nf white saiKh whi(di assumes an em-
erald tint, and is covereii with multitudes of beautiful
shelU. whieii tia-h back throULch the idear waters the re-
flected raA'^ of li--iit. produciUL: u shinini:: silvery a])])ear-
aiK'c. thus irivnu;- rise to tiic name of tlie run and spring
bevoml. In >ome spot> the bottom resembles a sheet of
chased silver, strewn witli thousands of emeralds, rubies
and diamonds which retloct tlie rays ( f the mid(hiy sun
in all the hues of tic ramitow. The whole bottom is of a
delicate green tint, sometimes (dianging t(Wi deep i)]ue,
and a glance i)elow resfinbles a glimpse into fairy land.
In otlu^r localities there are oveidianging boulders of
sparkling ro<'k. forming submarine caves, caverns and
grottoes, whose silvery walN appear to be (N)vered with
gems and sapphires, and whence the imagination might
readilv cheat itsfdf into the belief tliat some water sprite
or undine was about to issue forth to assert its suprema-
cv over the fairy roalms below. In thesc^ submarine
caves can Vie seen fissures from wlnidi the water ])ubbles
up from the Ixtttom. {irodvadng the impression that under
the river bed. exists an immense cavern, througli wliich
the water c«turses under ground and fnvci.'<. its way up
and forms the river. The water i^ so limjad and (dear
THE LAND OF FLOWERS. us
ii'^^''''V-f-^^\-i^^''?''^^^^P^'^^^di^^ air above the bot-
tom, and It IS difficult to realize that it is resting on an v
more substantial element. Tlie fish are seen cro^^s Ir
each other's tracks, and the whole len^ah of tL run 4^^
sembles a submarine street, teeming with animal life
About five miles up we arrive at the landing of Col
Rodger.s where we find a flourishing orange grove and
-nj; of the largest banana groves we have vet teen
lis creek flows through a rich and fertile section of
mi;^ t iV ^'''^11^'^^^ ^^^•'^"\- ^<^tton, cane and fruit, in large
quantities. \\ e have at length reached
SILVER SPRINGS, THE TuUXTAlN oF YOrTH,
After which the old w-_ar-worn Sj)anish leader sighed, and
^hidi he lost his life m vainly attempting to discover.
Ihis Ls a i)eautiful curcular basin of the clearest water,
nearly ],ree hundred feet iii diameter. Towards the head
or this i.asm is a circular spring, seventv feet deep, with
sne.ll r ]', '' :^r\Vhlue color, sandy, and covered witli
Muall .shells, win.di flash and sparkle as above described.
iMom this >pring tlie water boils up with immense force
and velocity, and a heavy body dropped into the water
AMion halt way d<.wn. is seized by thecurivnt and whirled
aside and d.)Wii the stream as though it were a feather.
^^ii ''i'"'''^ l¥.^'"''-^^'''"i^''^^^-- '^ a semi-circular bav or
cove, who.se bottom is free from weeds or growth i,f anv
^ind. and -m a sky blue color, which is called the
LADIES' PARLOR,
AN^liilo within a f,-wfeet is a .nfuni! u'cll beneath the
^ater. sixty b^^t deep and fonr fe.t wide at the top. Tlie
surface of the spring w],en undisturbed is smoother and
more transparent than the finest glass.
SIL\ER SPRLXrJS SETTLE.MEyT
Is spread ont at the head of the spring, and consists of a
dozen li.»uses. a stor(^ and a hotel, kept bv Mrs. Kodgers
Ihe sottlenieiit is the depot for '
OCA LA,
The county seat of ^Lari^n Tounty, and an incorporated
town of oiw thousan.i inhabitants, containing twentv-rfve
stores, a fine h,,tel. th.- Ocala House, capa])le of contain-
ing one hiHKbvd and fifty guests, a white and a colored
school, and two colored churcJies. It also boasts a well
coii.]u('te(l daily j.aper, edited by Mr. F. E. Harris, called
the h,tsf I'lorida Banner.
Vv
i'
1
144
A GUIDE TO
Between Ocala and Silver Springs, a tramway six miles
lone is in course of construction. This town is the outlet
of the whole belt of country twenty miles around,, and ot
MARION COUNTY,
Which is a cotton and cane producing section, while fruit
is also raised in considerable quantities. T.ast season
there were shipped from this county seven in. .u- >:ind hng:^
of long staple cotton by this route. Corn ks P^^i^^i^ i^^; ^.^^''^
cheap, the current price being from twentv five to thirtv
cents per bushel. The country is high, vvell .Inun.a and
fertile, abounding in cool clear springs of good .linikmg
water, and admirably adapted to whit, tann laln-r. 1 h-^
health of the neighborhood is excellent.
Leaving Silver Springs we procee<l <l'^wn tho nvrr ami
re-enter the Oklawalin hv '<\v(M>piTm- ar-umi a li.'iid. and
iTtiinediatelv. a< if l>v tIi;. t-in-h -f a niaL,nria:rs wand,
tl'.. watprQ r.-<nni-' tl;.'ir dark and turbid aiq^'arance.
'w',' n.-xr pass ^7m//-/- "> /•'' '•/•'/• the crossin- i>lac.- nt the
r.^aai iR'tu'tvn Ocala and \'..lnsia, on the St. J"hii s IJiver,
and continue our journey on \\\r ru-kawilla. undn- the
can' of Capt. Arthur Kd\vard<.
AVo have now reached an -iH-mn-. where on our Ndt is
nn iT.iniense field of war. t flags m- l.oiinet plant^ t-nni-
ivw'in^r in a splendid r^w ..f palm-ttoes, holiind wlncli
a^-anTrise cvpress and -th-T tivus, of a still tcdlorgn.wtli,
Thi^ IS called Palmkt i' > TATcn.
Wo at length emerge from tho wooded -wanip an<l hi<i
it a final adieu. What the river ha-^ 1->t m |Moninsquo-
ness and beauty of scenery it lias gamod m novrlty,
while the vision so long confined is free to n>ani t.. its
widest range. Northerners an- osju-ciallv attracted hy
tins portion of th.' rivor. d"!w -troani has assunicd the
appenrnnoeof a narrow and or-Mko,! canal. wnidin;x_and
twistin^-- like a seri-'iit through wido and unhn.km tirlds
of wat"r cresses, whu ii cover the surface ot tlio wator
on -ither side of the riv.-r. This is tho i^raino (N.untry.
The bonnet plants coniph'toly cover tho surface of the
open swaiii]' with th.ar hr^ad tlat leaves, and tlu^ surface
of the ].rairie countrv k as smooth, as a newly mown hay
f.cld d'his prairie extends alntii: tii.' nvrrs odges for u
distance of sixtv miles, the .■d-.'s of the ].rairie being
walled on eith.'r side a ({uartor of a mile back (>f the
stream bv forests (^f cvpress and j)almetto trees.
\\V ^v'rud "11 nur wav and pass a solitary tree called
Lonr I )<il:. liud continue' uin the river by moonlight re-
semblmi: a -ilv.'r thread windiiiL^ through an immense
and interminable uTe.-u field. W.- n^w stop at L'lke
W'^irr landing, one hundred and t\v.ntydiv(> miles up the
river, and h'adinc: b^n'k to
THE LAND OF FLOWERS.
145
LAKE WARE,
In Marion County. This lake is nearly circular and varies
in width from five to nine miles, and is a beautiful slieet
of water, surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills from
forty to sixty feet in height, while the surrounding
country is high, rolling and salubrious. The settlement
along its shores is only six or seven years old. and con-
sists principally of Northerners who ow^n numerous voung
orange groves in the vicinity. It contains three stores and
more than four lumdred families. It is proposed to con-
nect the lake wdth the landing by a canal three miles in
length. We resume our journey and next stop at
MOSS BLUFF,
On the east side and one hundred and twenty-eight miles
up. The countrv for fifteen miles back of this is well
settled, chiefly by natives. The productions are corn,
cotton, cane, oranges, and other fruits. Large shipments
were made from this place last season. We speed on
through the prairie and pass
STARK LANDING
On the east and sixteen miles up. This section is chiefly
cultivated in cotton and cane, though there are some fine
orange groves in the vicinity. Our next stopping place is
SLIGHVILLE,
Which leads back to one of the most fertile regions along
this river, and takes its name from the gentleman settled
here, who owns a large tract of land and an orange
grove of fourteen acres, containing one thousand two
hundred trees, which will yield this season one hun-
dred thousand oranges. The estates of several wealthy
gentlemen from Alabama and Georgia, are also under
nis care. There will be from twenty-five to thirty mil-
lions of oranges shipped from this vicinity during the
winter. The coimtry is also largely planted in corn, cot-
ton and cane. The river from Stark Landing to Sligh-
ville is perfectly straight, and from one hundred to two
hundred yards wide. Leaving this place, we soon after
enter ,
LAKE GRIFFIN, ^1^
A fine expanse of water, ten miles long, and ^Wn four to
five miles in width, and one of the sources ^f the Okla-
waha, which flows through it. The entire shore is planted
in orange and fruit groves. We will mention some of
them as we pass along the shores. On the edge of the
lake is the Whitehall grove, the property of Dr. Bouk-
night. The handsome dwelling is almost hidden from
146
A GriT)F. T's
view by the orange trees. Mr. Holt^on'^ i^q-,iv. of six:
acres is on a fine situation < >]\ tiic NVr>t«i-ii -liui-.', uu wlncii
is a fine residencp. Beyoiul is tin- >ix :u-i\' ^rove of Mr.
AVril>-r,>. and furllu'r nn we reach (/d. Laiiier^s tiiif rcsi-
(iciu-c and Lxr^vf, fronting: thf lakf. from whicii will he
shipprd thi.> wiiit- r f"iir iiiindred J4iia\ a>. We next [ia>s
^\v. Allfu's estate, conlaimai.; a i^rove of f"iir Imn.h-cd
and fifty orange trees, aui a luindsome reMd.Miet' ^( n a
I'.l'itT -ixtv feet aV»ov(^' tii-- watrr. and eeTisidertMl liir tlnrst
situation ^n fli" hik-'. FurllhT SDUth i^ tlie |>r<>p.Tt\' ui
]\rr. Krrv.'. who uwn^ a >"ou!ij; nranu-*' ^M-n\-." n[ tt-n acres,
funtaininu^ also a few i.jnu.n irir>. We have now reached
LAKE ' ; ! ; I r fix t, a xd t xg
And postoiBce, and passing on come to Mr. J. F.. I>Mrdtns
orange grove of five acres and !«anana plan fat ion. with a^
few pine apples on it. Next in ord' f is the lesid' nc ♦• of
Mr. Bishojc uid also his Lrrove of about tw. my acr. >;
while heyond is Dr. FrrtwoU'^ -rov*- "f t.ii a(a-.'-. and
al-" h;^ handsome residence on a in^^ii i;lutV. ['.oy(»nd is
])!•. Inrnknight's grove, ah-ead;. n-: ic '1. ^oid :^oa;h of Uns
Mr. Cliaplin's residence. >ai a I i-^h hid. n.ar v/lnci; is
a vnna.: seedling grove of six acres. Nh-ar hy is Mrs.
E'iwai i-' plarp. and in the vicinity Capt. Edwards' vounu:
grove. ]■ iiriiic)- oil is the }'r"]MTt v of Mr, .i,ini''> ( '< 'udray,
who owns a small grove on tlie lake front. I ; i^c < iioss'
grove of five or six acres next strikes the eye of i he trav-
eler, who has at length reached
On the north side of the lake, and en n peninsula betwecMi
Fake Griffin and Fak(> Harris. Fl rontains .du ui thirtv-
li\-f d Wfinn^\->,. .-^ix .■3Lufe^, and a ^'-''-'d huici that can ac-
euniniudau fifty people, and kept by Mr. Lee.
In the neighborhood are some very exnn^ivr oranK*'
groves, ringing in value fiMin $5,000 to !$40.00(). All
tr-ceicMl frnits are here iar-vly cuFivate.i. Frein Mr.
Harris" plcice will be shipped this year hx. handivh pine-
ap[des»
Fan<ls can be purchased here at lium 82.50 to S') per
aci' . In the vicinity are two flourishing: oransre ere\ t>s
owned hv the- Messrs. F<~'p. nftor w hum the place is e.illed.
< Hir little -^toamer is again m motion, and we next arrive
m sight of
A> It i> called, ale^n,;- winidi is a line of oraii;;'e ^roN'es of
mere than, ninety ^acres, and a ndle and ,i (piart.T in_
lone-tli. Fro!ii tins bend last season were s!ii[>ped a half
THE LA.N.i; uF TLuWERS. 147-
jniilion of oranges. On the north is an island surrounded
l.<^^^ll^\ A'lan]^. n\ e next enter
HAINES' CREEK, :
Wlii.h <onnects Lake Griiiin witli Fake Eustis The first
I'lndme- place is J-ne nrst
F"V ELL'S LANDING,
Near which i. Mr. ilarns" grove. Messrs. Love]] Sc Vail
ne hu died thousand oranges. On the creek are sevirai
nther tn- e g^roves. The grove of Mr. Alserbrooks otddo
Mte the -uuUng,^ yielded last year three hundred tFous^^^^^^^
e auf 'th r T^'T'^^ '^''' settlement is very pien?r
esque. tlie dwcllnie hom^- <.t hack among the pines
Leaving the creek we enter P^^t^b.
LAKE EFSTIS,
Very nearly circnlar^ and eight miles in duuneter. the
ing'n 7;;;:' 1!;^; ;r "^- •" ' '''■''' ^^^"^^^- Th^ fi^^^ '^-^-
FORT MASON,
Whore are found a lumber mill and store, owne.l hv Mr
( )wens. . ^ui.
This will ho ti:o present terminus of the })roiected rail-
road rom Fake George to Lake Eustis, thn distance be l
'>nl^' t went N -three miles. This is called the ^
-HT. Johns, lake eustis and gulf raj lroau -
And has a capital of S2n.noo. subscribed hv a companv "
Fen ^^'nt,com,;ry Ala., who have arranged^to borrow in
Atu \,,rkthe balance necessary to complete the road
Ilio t..tal ce.t w:]l he 800,000, and later it will l>e e^^eSd^
from Port Mason, on Fake Fn.stis, to some poin near
Tam].a. onthefJulf of M<cxico. The road will he the
ngliway to a rich Firming country back of Lake Harris
i^eaving i^urt Mason ^ve speed on and roach
pendrwjlle.
On the east of tlie lake, and containing a hotel that can
accommo,late forty persons. From this point there is a
stage line to Sandford, on Fake Monroe a distance of
thirty miles. Kv tins route the trip can be made up the
M. Johns an<l crossing can be continued down Lakes
Eustis and (Jnffin and the oklawaha. Bevond are the
grove and residence of Col. Lane, of Ala])ama, and fur!
ther on. the grove of oOU trees owned by Mr Brvant \Vp
now enter *^ - ^i, am. v> e
148
A GUIDE TO
DEAD RIVER.
WiiiLii cuiUiLLis Lake Eustis with Lake Harris. This
river is about a mile long and lOo yards wide, with shores
lined with iiniuense cypresses, covered from their toDs to
the Nvater's edge witlT^rey moss. We have reached
LAKE HARRIS,
or Lake Astatula, an Indian name, which means lake of
sunbeams. This is a lovely sheet of clear water, and
whru in repose merits the beautiful name conferred on it
bv the Indians. It is eighteen miles long, and varies
from six to nine miles in width, and is surrounded by for-
ests, alternating^ with beautiful dwellings and orange
groves, while the banks slope up from thirty to forty feet
in height.
Passing a grove "-f moss covered live oaks, we reach
Capt. Hain*-s" grove, on a lofty hill, containing twenty-
five acres under (»range and fruit culture, and two or
three thousand pine-apple plants. Beyond is Mr. Haines'
grove. At the heail of the lake is the village of
YALAHA.
The Indian name for orange, a picturesmie settlement on
a rising slope twenty-five feet high, and containing two
stores, a school-lutuse and a church for all Christian de-
nominations. The inhabitants number forty souls. The
back country is high and healthy, containing numerous
settlements.' Besides oranges and tropical fruks, sugar
•cant\ corn, potatoes, etc., are raised here. Numerous
families from (ieorgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Virgi-
nia are located in this vicinity and engaged in tlie orange
culture. One party last season shipped p)o,oon oranges.
Behind tht- village' is a high hill, from which can be seen
five lake's (Jrittin. Eustis. Harris, Dora and Apopka—
the sources of the ( )klawaha River. The wild orange
grows luxuriantly here, and is indigenous to the soil, and
one grove of sour orange trees here contains twenty-
sevon acres. The whole neig}d)<»rhood is quite healthy,
there being hardly any frost here, not enough to injure
the guava^ the most st-nsitive of all fruits to its effects.
The railroad being built from Lake George to Lake Eustis
will also tap this country. Passing down the lake, we
catch a ghmpse of Mr. Eady's grove and residence.
Across the lake, on the n(^rthern shore, is one of the finest
groves in this soction. that of Col. Marshall, who wdll
ship this season more than -.2.000.000 oranges, while on
his place all tropical fruits are found. We next note Dr.
Gaston's grove, and then reach Judge Stone's residence
and grove, on one of the handsomest sites on the lake
si
lore.
Tho dw.'Uing is on a hill >luu feet high, which
r
THE LAXD OF FI^)WERS.
149
commands a fine view of the lake, Leesburg and the sur-
rounding country. The grove contains bou trees.
We now pass Mr. Hooks' place, at the mouth of Opa-
humkee Creek. The grove contains 1,200 trees. The
country back of this lake is high, rolHng, hummock land,
adapt( (1 to cotton, cane, grain and fruit culture, while in
the mterior the pine lands are studded with small, clear
w^ater lakes that swarm with fish. The new railroad will
put this section within fourteen hours communication
with Jacksonville. We now^ enter
OPAHUMKEE CREEK,
And three miles up reach the postoffice of the same name.
This IS the Indian name for muddv water, the character
of the water of the creek. We pass a draw bridge, and
continue on. To the left of the creek is a cove or circular
basin and spring of the most transparent water of a deep
blue color. This covers two acres, and has no bottom,
and is called
BLUE SPRING,
As beautiful as the more famous Silver Spring. We now
enter
LAKE DLNHAM,
The head of navigation of the Oklawaha/ on which i!<
situated
OPAHUMKEE.
A settlement containing about a dozen houses. About
thirteen miles south of Yalaha is the settlement of
PALATKAHA.
Which is a fertile grain section, from which the lake set-
tlers obtain their corn, and which thev call their Egypt.
We now return into Lake Harris,' on our w^av back.
On the western bank we pass the grove of Mr. Thatcher
S. Johnson. The next is the young grove of Mr. J. F.
McLendon, three miles from' Leesburg, on which are
some very fine leniun trees. This estate will ship this
year 50.000 oranges. Viewed from the water it is one of
the most picturesque settlements on the lake. Separated
from this, by a strip of woods, is the grove of Mr. T. K.
Milam, and also another grove near the w^ater front. We
now pass Col. Marshall's place, before mentioned, valued
at 830,000. The situation of the dwelling is excellent,
and there is a fine avenue, forty feet wide, sloping down
from the piazza steps to the water's edge. On the adja-
cent bluff is Dr. A. A. Stivender's grove, of sour orange
trees, twenty-seven acres in extent. These will all be
budded in time.
This vicinity may be called the garden spot of Florida.
and IS one of the most romantic and beautiful in appear-
J50
A GUmEr TO THE LA.ND i;! ILu'WLR.S.
ance. On the eastern shore of the lake is Capt. A. J,
Phares' place, on a bluff thirty feet hi^h. '11 1. m>ve eon-
tains 1,0(X) orange aivl l-^^ ].'nv)Ti trc'^. win!.- TrM])ica [
fruits of every description are f ultivat. >!. In thr K'^ve is
a curiosity in the shape of a sour uraiigr tr. . , which has-
been freely budded, until it hf.ir^; seven 'iitf-r'Ht kinds
of fruit — the citron, lime, lenu.u, sweet aiid s >iir oranw...
L^rai- rruit and shaddock. East of this i- tlir »-!at»' Of
Dr I »raK:e, one of the most f> rtile on the iak. Idu r» si-
deiice is a tasty low structure, \\iiiia i,i^[i iHfrlu'd r>M>f'.
and situated in the midst of the grove, which contains
500 trees, while every variety of tropica! fi lir i- raised
here, and along either side of theav^inis i- a li'd'^eof
piup-npT>les. This fruit arrives at ur- a i {MTifcia.n horr.
aiM 1- ;:-> mellow and juirv as a p^^ar.
Adj.'nr.iii,^ we t;ii(l Mr, i'a^-^a's piac-c, v/hich i> b.-auli-
fully laid uii; in \sa]k> divcru;iii^ fr\>iii tla* hmi-;,' hkc tht-
radii of a circle. The grove contains .'.'d nran^^o Trres
and, . .rlitT ^ropical frtiits. We n^-xt c^ ^nif t<> ( ; r.Maan i'.cnd.
thr |ir(>)uTr\' (»f Mrs, ( '. P.. r)rak''. wnh a youn^ nran;,;('
L:r<)\-f .in It. and adj'a'-rnt to this Mr. ('(iitrr!]"s .^inall
,^"^"^■^' I m" y< ']iw^ eran^u:*' trees. In thr iifii^ddiorhuod is llif
^Tnvfdf I>!..d. .Maridn Sims, and next Pint- Solus, tht-
|,r, ,|,,-rT\' ' d" ^h•, ('. W Sj.ict'!-. v.ddh' furt !if>r on is I-it-ndr-
in.Tf. (iwn- d hy Mr. W . A. llucker, vf XdrLCUiia. on whi(di
phu'f i- a hand- ane cottage. Next in order is I)r. Thomas"
small 'j;v"\ ' . and last comes Mr. d 'iiaT^.s pr.iptTty.
There is no more hcaiitiful and r<*niantir trij) anywhere
in F]< >rida than this on^ ii[) tla' ( ^kkawaha. Sil vci- S]»rin;j;s,
and Lak-- Oritiin. Kn-ti^ and Harris, tht- Pak** of *" Sun-
h»,'ani>," Tiif ia--f i.--.>nf(if iJm' most hcautiful sheets of
watr'- m ad Fl'.rida. wldh' tla- ^liores and surroun<lin^
country art.' ].i\-,.l\- ar.d i>i;'tr.rrv(m-' in the extreme. The
air is soft -.tU'] hland, tlif niLclits arr eonl and hra(a*n(j^.
Aloni:: tla' sIk^to of th.o lalce water fowl of all descrip-
tions, ar.' fi 'nnd anaaiLT \\dii(di are tlw \\diite crane, lieron,
^roy and white ciirhw and the h.autiful pink curlew,
while in th.f .•onntr;^- aro numerous th»cks of wild ]>arn)ts
of brilliant pluma^^e. whi(di are easily domesticated. The
settlers are ,L;-eniah hospitable and courteous, and extend a
warm wtdeomo to all now comers.
AVc mu-r now hid adieu to the •" Land of P"1()W(ts," of
simny skies, and soft and balmy breezes: of nc^ble rivers,
romantic st roams, silver springs, and lovelv lakes; of
magnificent forests, of the evergreen, oak. and cypress; of
the woodhin»' and jessamine: of orange grovt^s and flower
gardens: of tropical fruits and birds of the brightest plu-
mage — a land wht^e naturo assumes her most pleasing
and smiling as]><'ct. and where she is robed in her most
beautiful and ^ron'-euus attire.
APPENDIX.'
The favorite route to Florida by water is froi,, l>,er '-
:S. u- v.k -.vhere the fine and po.nular line of steamers"
of wh,,.i, .M,. Geo, W. Quintard is Pre.sident, 1, aves twice
■1 ^v.vk. A , oyaj^e of fifty hours brings them te Charles-
;.""■■;■;',■""' "l"'-' "-eir arrival passengers are trans-
t-n-ed to the si^liyulid steamers of the Flori.];. lino v-hirh
will 1,.. f,„„i,! at the wharf awaiting their arnval. Plea-
sure seekers or invalids will find this route the most
at,nv,,, ,„. ai.a attractive, and less expensive than any
otin r. It IS the only route by which the beautiful scenery
o th.. !, .wnr St. John-s River can be viewe-I Those trav-
.Imu' uiUi mvalids. I.-idies or children. wiU particularlv
uppivciate the trouble and inconvenience avoided l,v i.-int;
earned direct to their destination without change or
trnnsf,.,- of baggage, except from one steamer to the other
l.v.n-at ti,.. u-lK,ri- at Charleston. A splendid new mai
St. -am.. rju. •,...:;,, .!,.,,.!, and the finest steamer of her. la-^s
ever Souih. and commanded by the favorite au.l popular
officer Capt. Leo Vogel, formerly of the steamer Dictator
so w,.| kn,.-,vn to all Florida tourists, will soon be on the
route tn„n Charleston to Florida. This steamer, built
.■xi"---'->l.v f.T the service, splendidly fitted up with every
comfort au.l .-..m ...uience, has a table .supplied with every
, lu.xury ,,( the Charleston, Savannah aiai F!. ri.la mi iikets
Pas..,.ng,r.s bj this route will reach JacKsonviiie, Florida'
t u.ni..rnmg after their arrival at Charleston ahead of
the 1 a.ln.a.l t„ne, and wi!l „ot fail to find this route a
(Itdightful one.
, ]^''^ ^^teamer; proceed up the St, John's River to Pa-
iatka. stnppm- at all points along the route. They con-
I'-t :it locoi, on the St. John's River, with the St. John's
62
ArPEM>lX.
Steam Railway C«'mpany fi^r St. Anj^ni'^tiiH'. and at Pa-
latka with stfainors plyin^^ en th*' lu-autiful Upper St.
John's Kiv^L'T,
terprise. and Indian River or th<
steamers in tl
and running to Sandford. Mrllonvillc, Kn-
vicinitv, and also with
le Tl 1
nianti*' and b^'autiful < )klawaha River
and Silvt^r Sprin;^^s. The ch()icr>t statf rooms (\an
\i
St
'Cured hv n< itifvniu^ tlu.
airt-nts at Charleston hv Irtter
o
r teleyrrani. Further infornuitiou can !•♦• ohtaini
1 hv
applieatioii
K'd
\' » ' n t '
cV (
a'_r>Mits, Corner ut \ andcr
1
ior~
\\
luirf and Ea-t I^av. (diarleston, S. C.
■n
^ 75- H
\
«
Of
f- i i I
3o
^1
•g-3
-/ 75- ^H
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Barbour, Ralph Henry
Let's go to Florida
New York: Dodd, Mead
1926
Bibliographic Record Target
SOL Mm 1 060-0/^ fBA
Fla
917,59
B239
r
Barbour, fialph H«Qryf 1870-
Let*a 80 to Florldal Infornation lor
those who haven't been but are goin^f
those who have been and are going back,
and those who don't expect to go but
will, by fialph Henry Barbour. New York,
Doddv Mead 6 companyt 1926*
vi p., 2 I., 288 p. front. t plates 20
ca«
CIRCULATION COPY = 917.59 Bar.
I. Florida — Descr. S trav. I. Title
(
29 SEP 77 CMJ FBAGsl 26-1141
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LET'S GO TO FT O-RTDAl
r
riiutu. irutu Euxng Uailouay, A. 1'
FLORIDA PALMS
L0OKIN(J TOWARD WKST PALM I'.KACII FROM PALM DEACII
N
V (>
LET'S GO TO
FLORIDA!
IXIOR.MATION I OR THOSE WHO HAVEN'T
BEEN lU T ARE OOJNCi, THOSE WHO
HAVE BEEN AND ARE OOENO BACK,
AND 'IHOSE WHO DON T EX-
PECT TO OO BET WJEL
BY
KALPII HKXllY EAKBOUR
NEW YORK
DODD, ^H:aD \ C OMPANY
FLORIDA STATE LIBRAH ,
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
mr^mimmmm^^^^
I'tiuiu. J ruin L'Jiti^i uatiu (' iiij . .\ . i .
Fl.OK'II'A I'AI.MS
I.OOKIVC l-OWMM' WKST I'AI.M i;K\( II KI.'OM I'M.M |;K\( II
LETS GO TO
FLORIDA!
c
INF01;M \TIn\ FOR THOSE WHO HAVEN'T
BEEN i'.L i AKE GOING, 'IHO.-l WHO
liA\ E BEEN AND ARE GOiNCi LAlK,
AND THOSE WHO DON'T EX-
PECT T(^ f.(^ ]u;t w h.j^
BY
KALTII IlilMlV BAllBOlll
■ ■ NEW \UUK
DODD. AIT- AT) \ (TnH'AVY
192G
FLOHiDA STATE MoH
A»-^ T
f <^\1. 5^
^^f
1
/53^
rREFACE
COPTRIGIIT, 1926,
Bi DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY, Inc.
M - ^^
PRINTED IN THE U 8 A OY
V\)e ©urnn Jt a>o6t n Camjanp
BOOK MANUFACTURERS
RAHWAY -.(A .t'fciY
Tins is licit Iht iriiidc-liook nor gazetteer. Noth-
iiiu: X) orderly oi- ambitions. It is, rather, an
ctTort to ti'Il what Florida is really like, in the
lio|)(^ that some yxTsons, liaving read it, will de-
cide to act on the snu:gestion contained in its title.
Xo att('m])t is made to depict Florida as a modern
(Jar(hm o\' Fdcn. The state is still in the makiniz:
and has the nsnal fanlts and shortcomings of
yonth. Bnt it also has its virtnes and merits.
Tli(^ writer has somrht to ])resent each impartially,
.'dthonLrh he nn])lnshinLrly confesses that a w\arm
likinir for Florida has sometimes made it difficult.
Still, h(^ helieves he has hewn pretty close to the
line, unconcerned with the chips.
Tie has drawn on a knowledge of his subject
gained fi'om more than forty years of accjuaint-
ance, and has written from the point of view^ of
neither the Floridian nor the outsider, but as one
who, born in the North, has visited the state many
times and r(^sided in it frequently for varying
periods. Uo has eked out first-hand knowledge
In- recours(^ to tln^ works of many writers who
liave preceded liim on the trround ; has, in fact,
in the reprehensilile fasliion of his kind, taken
what he wanted wherev(T he could find it.
■•V
VI
rRp:FACE
IwiConracies may hr discoverod; fi^i^uros, espe-
cially, }ia\'t' a pot il'ri-nu> way ol' cliarii^diiLC ht'-
tweeii tlu' tiiiu' tliry nvr tirbL but down and \vln.-ii
fliey apiH'ar in prim ; an<l if mi?takfs (xnair in the
spellinir oi' LrfuLrrapiii<-al names Wir wriltT will not
lit' siirprisrd. Compositors and proof-readers
are ordy liumnii. And >o, needless tu say, are
writers. Bui tli^y needn't l>e iincrratofnl, and so
the pres(»nt writer haptens to aeknowledir<' the
courteous assistance atfoi-dtMl him in the ])repara-
tion of thi< hook h\' \-arious State and muincipal
officnds aiid organizations. And now, if you are
(plite readiV,
"Lei":, Go to Florida I'*
COXTKXd^S
cHArrKK
I Fi.oiapA: An Awmvjnixg State
1 1 Getting There
III I'ioKii'A Under the Spam-h . I
IV And After
V r.KOnRAPTIY NND Pl.\NT LiFE
\'I '■ What's THE Clim \ii: Like?" .
\ 1 1 Agriculture
\d 1 1 lM>r-ri:n-
i \ Schools and Colleges
X IloMi; lie II. DING AND Housekeeping .
XI iSlDRTS AND KeCREATIONS .
Xil Hftttng About in Fi.nRinA
XI 1 1 Tin i:vFR(,'nADES
A 1 \' M MM. AND Florida . ...
X\' Down THE West Coast
X\d 1)<'\\N THi; We-r Coast {Concluded)
WW TwnOVGU THE KiDGE CouNTi;v .
X\d 11 H' 'WN T!!K !v\-T < ■' ' \-T
XIX n^wN TiiK Ea>t Coast yCouLliided)
XX Tni; I-'noKiDA Keys ....
i'Ai;E
1
12
26
41
a 4
74
89
1M2
114
p_>()
133
153
inr,
170
1!)(5
LM4
24r)
2:0
272
ILLUSTEATIUXS
Flori^Ia palm.. Looking toward Wc^^t I'alm Ht^ach
Ir.Ki! Palm ik'nAi . av ->■/;, ■
T ■, r • • Facing page
20
A euuijlrj- vlub ju I-"!nr:.la
• . .
The Rnyal Pninciana lint,.] at Palm lieadi
A wiiucr .sport m Florida
Motorlrie n„ the brick road between Orinund and
DaytMiia .
56
92
138
Ocfan^_ houi- v,,r.N and shore with palms, near
Miami
o
^''^^y -at.' at St. An-ustine, built in 1702 .
174
21 n
230
CTTAPTF.K r
FLOKIDA: AX A\VAKK\IX(; STATE
Florida is at oiiro the oldest and newest state
ill the Tnion. At St. Augustine was efTected the
first setth'nieiit in the territory that is now tlie
United States, and yet, despite that, Florida's
deveh)i)ment lias all taken place within a mere
handful of recent years. She is out of the
chrysalis staire luit still in the pupa. She is in
the throes of irrowinir-pains and, like anything on
its way to maturity, is at once confused, self-con-
scious and rather awkwjird. Tt is embarrassing
to discover, after having remained a grub for so
many years, that you are about to develop wings!
If a commonwealth may be said to have a soul,
then Florida has onlv recentlv begun to realize
hers. She is still a bit incredulous. So many
things happening at once are sufficient to confuse
any conscious body. Ripping her way out of the
j)upa-case and, at the same moment, finding her-
self in sudd(ni acquaintance with impulses, con-
science qualms, doubts, desires and all the inner
stirrimrs resultant on the functioning of a brand-
new soul, leaves her in a sort of '' Where-am-T-
atf condition. Florida is shooting up fast,
physically and spiritually; so fast that she is out-
-J
LET'S GO TO FLUinDA!
grnwiriir hoth her clothes aiid li.^r nimtal (Mjulp-
mmt. I-'ortuiiately those can 1).- enlarged, ])ut
niuaiiW'liilu ^iiu 1^5 awaru ui the neighbors' incnMlu-
loii? ^fnro^ nm] smffinfrs nnd trio- to rover her
rrnl)arra>-in''nl willi a line .-how of (.'asc, some
posturing and a good <le;d of noise.
Youngsters all lia\'e to undergo the process of
adoh'sconcL' bt'lure attainiin_r man's estate. Kverv
irnil* must romnin n pupa for a timo before it be-
come- a buttrrlly. Self-com^eiousness and awk-
wai'ilne-- are only natural ])l!asr<.
A irreat nian\' p).'r-on< di-e(A-ri-t'(] Florida, from
Peiieo (If Ll'uu (Imwu to llenr>- M. b'lairler, Mor-
ton F. Flanf and Afr-. Potter Palmer, l^it their
discoveries went unacclaimei] b\- the rest of tln^
world. Kocentl} h^Mri^la <liscovrred In-rself, and
this time it "louk." Shr awoke to the fact that
she had climate, soil, natural beauty and a lot of
other tllin.L^<, HTid bccan to make a n(»i-e about it.
If one person starts tc) >hout, other- invariably
.ioin in. Fhna(]a comm-'ncei] to a<l\'*'i't i-e hers(df
and ve]-y soon every one was doing it for her.
She made flio snowball and the rest of the conn-
try L^ot b.'hin.d it and iJUshed. Xow von can't
see o\-cr it.
In ir»-J() the state's poy)nlation was r)r)S,4f)0.
Five years later it wa< 1,l!Go,o4!), a Lrrowtli of well
ov.^r n quarter of a million. A cnois including
the winter population of hdoiada durim: the sea-
son of bJJbllo would >how a tigure close to
FLORIDA: AX AAVAKEXIXG STATE 3
2,000,000. AVhat the combined permanent and
transient ])opulation will l)e for the winter of
1920-26 is anvbodv's guess. What is certain,
liowever, is that Florida can comfortably accom-
modate and maintain a ])ermanent ])opnlation of
at least six millions. It seems pi'obable that she
will be doinir it ]»efore manv vears have ])assed.
Florida is a pleasant ])lace to live in. It lias
a delightful winter climate, is comfortable for
eiirht months of tln^ year and no more uncom-
fortable during the other four than many states
much farther north. It has good soil in a vast
vari«dy of kinds, it has moi'e days of sunshine
than any other state and an unfailinir and gen-
erous rainfall. As an airi-icultural state its fu-
ture is assured by its ])resent. A state from
which a thousand, fifteen ]iundre(l, even two
thousand dollars are beinir taken from an acre
of Grronnil dor-sn't have to l^ase its self-lauda-
tions on visions. It is rich in minerals, besides,
and it is fast l)ecominLr commercially important.
It has no bonded indebtedness. Valuations for
purposes of taxati<ui are extremely low. It does
not levy taxes on either incomes or inheritances,
and by a recent act of its legislature Is forever
prohibited from doimr so. Tt is only a few hours
distant from the bulk of tlie population of the
country and is easily accessible by rail, water
and hiirhway. Its mai'kets are close at hand.
Florida is operated efliciently and at little cost
P
4 LET'S GO TO FLOTHDA!
\vit}i()ut iLr iiMial n!a<> of Lrovcriimpiital !)nroan.^
and iM.anl.^. Thr (n.vmior an. I his cal.in.'t are
^^^^^'^•■'^ ^yp'. pillar vote and p.-rfunn practically
;i^l \^i*' dutir. (,f ircvrrnnicnt at an immense sav-
ing in time, labor and monny.
As a placo to live in, either fi)r tlw winter or
^}^ ^^i'' yar. Florida otTers more, the writiT be-
lieves, than ar.y ..th.-i- state Its scem-ry is never
mairniiicer.t. f(.r it has no mountain^, " hut it is
irequ^'ntly h.^autituh always attractive. Sunshine
spells hralth, and in Florida it is ])ossil.le to live
^^it of dMor> cnntiniially. Florida is a fine land
^^^ I'^'iy ifi a!id a tine land to work in. One may
l>e eithrr a inillinnaire or a man of little means
and still gt't mor.' .eit of lif.. in Florida than
in most places. Xec-.Mth-s co<t no more than
m most ntlirr <tafcs, Avliilr a homo in Florida costs
less to hinld than in the \orth, and mucli le^s to
maintain.
Since this volume i< d.-dicated to a fair and
truthful exposition of facts it hrcomes incumbent
on the writer at about this point to say frankly
that in spite of its merits and attraction's Florida
n^ not y.-t tic perfect residential state for some
persons. 'rhl> is not a very hard slap, though,
for the same may be said of rather more than
half the stat.^s of th.. Fnion. The persons the
writer has in mind ar^ tho... accustom. m1 to in-
tellectual int. 'rests and i>lea^^ures. Tla-re ar(\ to
be sure, conmiunities in wldrh sucli p.-rsons may
ll
FLOKIDA: AX AWAKEXIXO STATE 5
iind tlu^ thim^s they crave, liut as a whole Florida
has n.>t yet had time to develop lier mind. She
has l)een ami still is far too busy clearing and
])lowing, ]danting and buildinix. The same thing
has been true of every state, and no criticism is
implie(l. Tin' im])rovement of the land must come
before the improvement of the mind and the soil
must be cultivated l)efore the graces.
Like all states emerudng from the wilderness
Florida for a long while made her appeal almost
solelv to the sturdv and adventurous pioneer.
"\Vh(ui he had cut ])aths in the wilderness and
made his plantings he was followed in due time
and in vearlv increasing numl»ers bv a class of
visitors not s|)ecially desirable as constructive
citizens. This class was composed of the invalid,
the poverty-stricken and the shiftless who hoped
to find in P^lorida a cure for body or condition or
qualities. For a considerable numl)er of years
the i)ioneer and the basker in the snn had the
newer parts of the state to themselves. This
may sound as though the writer were leaving out
of consideration the native Floridians, l)ut lie
isn't. The natived)orn residimts of the state were
few in number; not over half a million, probably,
of whom practically a half were negroes. They
were occupants of the northern counties almost
exclusively and liad little contact with the newer
])opulatio!L After a while the workers ])egan to
invade the state, cleariiiL^ the land and planting
6
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
and buildiiii: tlicir mo(]o<f dwellings, and woro
I'olldWtMl liy tradrsnit'ii, ai'li/an> and others who
tread on the hrr\> ot' the setth-rs. But tht-r.' was
still no call to tla- thinkt-r. Nur has tluTc brrn
until very laHTntly. AVith th<' dovt'lo])nn'nt of tlu'
scdiools and (•()lh>i:('s ("ulturf made a timid a])-
})oaranc'e. ('ulturc is still far i'l-uni boisterous or
even a>>ertive. In the several eollcir*' towns there
is to he found an atrnosplan-e of intflleet indity,
and the arts and sciences hold uj) their heads
bravely enoinrh. And in the larirer cities clubs
and coteries are sowinir tie' seed<. By and larire,
however, the (hiilv paper still sub>ti!utes for tlie
TVorlii's Best Literature and the sale of books
is by no means a leadiiiLT iiidu.-try. AfusiV is en-
couraLre(l in many ways, and in se\-eral communi-
ties it rules in hiirh favor. This is especially
true where a considerable Latin population ex-
ists. The drama fare< badly, imt so mueh be-
cause of lack of >tipport as by reason of Florida's
situation olT the main hiirhw;iy< traveled by the-
atrical attractions. Theaters olhei- than those
devoted to movinir pictures are few. nf movin<:
])ictures and canned music, of Sunday su|)])lement
literature and rotoLrra\-ure art tlci-e is no dearth.
Th-re are numy who will take (exception to tin-
foreiroinL^ statements. It is possible that the
writer will bo sliown numerous examples ot local
develnpmerit> alouu^ tht' liiM'- <»f music aiid drama
and literature and painting- AVhich will pib-ase
FLOb^TDA: AX AWAKFXLXG STATE 7
liim very mucli. Tie has been, however, speakini:
of the state ;is a \\hole and in irenei-al, and not
<'l thi- (0- thai community in partiiailar. He
would di>like very much to be coiisidered dis-
parairinir (»f the considerable and steadily increas-
iinr number of pei-.-ous who realize that intellect-
ual pursuits aid en.joynient< ;n-e necessary to the
Well-being of a people and to the perfect dovol-
opnient of a commonwealth.
What is lackinir \\ill coiue; is comimr. And if
1]io>e who demand thoe thinir^ will, instead of
remaininir away because they ai'e not yet t(^ b«^
had in full measure, go and do their ]iart in the
encourairement of them, tley will cr)me sooner.
I'dorida as a j)Iace in whicli to in\"est has Iteen
written of -o fullv and exliau<tiv(dv in the dailv
pre<s and in the magazines that it seems scarcely
worth while to iro into the subject here. So manv
iJi^'H fai- better (pialitied to speak with authority
than is the writer have iriven their opinions that
what the latter may say will possess little value.
Still, it is possible to mention a few estaltlished
facts oi" interest to one contem])latin£r puttinir
money into bdorida land oi' Florida enter})rises
without assuminir the role of saire.
bdori(la as an in\-estment is not somethinir of
lo-ilay or of yesterilay. Men of discernment have
boon inx'ostimr in the ^ta^e for many \-eai-s. For
litteen >ears past the adx'ance in pT'ices of Fh^rida
rt al e>tate has l.»een .^teadv, esi^eciailv oi land in
8
LEI'S GU TU FLuKiDA
and about lare:er cities and towTis and alone: the
allures. i'^iunJa's gru\Mli Las bt-un iiuxcr >\)vc-
tacnlnr, but it has been fairly rnpid mid ai\\a\>
sul.-'aiitial. That is true, at 1- ast, umil th''
Sprini: m;' l!»2r). Even wliat liapp-rM'iI tlicn cannot
i"a:rl\- he said to alTfct the state's lm-owiIi.
"Buoni.-" aru upiiumural tilings thai do nul con-
cern tla- investor save in that ^hoy put a toni-
]>orarv an<I hiri:f]v P-i^'titions valnc on what he
may \vi>li to hiiy. When thf\' arc pa>t tlif ])<'n-
duluni .-win;;.- hack, .-onntinn's not (piitt^ all the
way, sometimes a liuic fuiiher. W'hrtht-r the
pre.-ent i.< a propitinn- time to invH>t in Fh)!'ida
land is a i{n»\-tion to he answcrtMl hy a inorc en-
li^hten^'d ji^r.-on than thf writt-r. It' thf intt'iKhini,^
investor is conxniicuJ that presmt real estate
prices nt'ai-!y represent \'alte'S, lie \vi!l he wist^
to pnrcha.-t' now i-atlcT than hatfi-. Dnc sliould
r»'Iy on his convictions, windier in\a'>tor or spec-
ulator. ( )n thf other liainh it' he hrhnwes, as niativ
do — the writer among them — that certain chassis
of real e<tat'' ar^ now prir'od beyond tleir ])!"odnc-
tive \'alue<. he can alYord to wait a while and
watch develo}irnents. AddressinL^ tlie Floia<la
realtor^ in eon\'en'ion in Xo\'ernh.n' la-t, ('harh's
^[. PMward-. ])re-.i(leT"it ot' the National Associa-
tion ot' I\eal l''-ta*e he.ar<]-. -tated a rocoirnized
hut too i'r'''i]iently 'lisre^ar'h'«l truth \'ery jiithily
a- fo!h)\vs: *'The mere fact that a piece of real
estate can he ::uld al a eerlain ilgure, due to the
FLnninA: AX AAVAKEXTXG STATE
public state of mind, i- r.o criterion of its true
\alue. Any })iece of real estate find- its level of
fcound \alu(^ only when it passes into the hands
of the ultimate eon>umer at a price wdiieh can
be .iu^titied hy eannni^s.''
It is imi)rohahle that tlie pendulum iti this par-
ti(ailar case will <win- haek all the way. Prices
Will alwa>-s remain well ahe.ve w-fiat they were
in the winter of h.^iM^-Jo. Thi< i< trn.' of city,
suhni'han, slioro and acreage ])ro])tM'ty. Acreage
will prohahly more nearly return to it- pred^oom
]»rices than the oth-u" classes. There is far too
much of it to allow iiny sudden increase in value
to take place.
How long the borim will la^t is another <piestiori.
One man's iruess is as good as another's. This
man's Lniess is one more yeai". Rut when In^
says ''hoom" he mean< thic hysterical ])hase of
the thimr: '^nch a phase :c< was seen all (u-er
Florida in tic motith.s of duly and Auirnst of
IOlX). T\\r Standar<l IVietionary d.^tin^s "In^om"
as ''suddeti activity . u' ])rosperity." a lamentably
weak and uneollo^uial detlnition. Anv one who
witnes>ed tlie Ah'i-knu ]ui<h or the overtiiirht birth
of an oil town c.uild do l>etter than that on the
Park of an enveh.pe with a t o.^h-harpened |HUicil
stub. If "hoom" means no more thian ]M-os]^crity
the present affair i- likely to continue indefinitely.
If, ,)n the cont!-ar\-. it mean^ a sudden and hys-
terical acti\it\- on th.e part .d' s]n"Culators, it is.
10
LET'S; no TO FLORIDA!
I'
in lliib wrii^T's opiTiioi], mor.' Iikfly in j^cfcr out
by tho Miriinirr nf l!)i'7. \i v^^t l.,.}nre. AVlicii it
(Int/> jM'tfi- out smn.' \-aliirs arc ^'■(.ini: to he iiiia^-i-
nary. At lfa>t lur xjiiic (•(.lisidcrable time.
Booms are natural. Xrarly pvpry tipw state
has had ono or more. In >onh' cases tln-y have
hpcii (Ifcidrdly heneiicial, in no case have th.-v
inatcriall\- hurt ih- slat.- in tl,,' l(»ii- nin. The
wnr^t they ran .lu i:, d^hiy the ]:atiiral and suh-
^tantial development hy a pori(Hl .h^pcndriit on
tlH'ir h-neth and intensity. The prc^t-nt boom in
IMoriihi wa- hoijiwi to come sooikt or later, and
it s .ju>t as wrjl to Ijaw it now and <:i't it over
with. It Won't alK-et the ^ane, solid irrowth of
tlie 6tate very notiVoahly, and it nc..,] not (h'tcr
investors from pnttinir their inonry into the
>tat.''> hin(L< and *• ntt'r})rises. Idn-y do not de-
pcnil on a (piirk tnrn-o\aT and arc not lookini::
for in-tant and L-nurnious |n-o{ils. Like a child
with the measles, Florida will he tlic same Florida
when the rash is gone: onl\- a Ml liett,.r for liav-
iinr irni ^oniethinLr unhealth\- on.t of hei- system.
i^'I"f!'hi i- n(»t particulai-l\- keen ahout specu-
lator.-, while realizing that they are natural and
even necessary phennniena, l-)tit she does hanker
for investors. And she has a clean ,-et of lM)oks
^•' f'peii fen- tii.'ir inspectiorn She can >how fig-
ures in the right c.,lunin-. Florida'.- future as an
agricultural state is assured, and she eould roly
on agricultnrn alone and still he [.ro-p.n-.ni-. l>ut
FLORIDA : AX AAVAKFXTXO STATE 11
she ^^■ill Tiever Inive to. Tliero are manv otlier
sounii 1 actors in her success: minerals, exports,
indu.-t rie-, ti-heries, lumher and so on. But the
one big, neVer-failing factor is climate. So long
as slio has that she will prosper, and })rosper
amazini:!}-, for in hei- climate she has whiV no
other state has to ijuite the same deiifree of per-
fection and what millions of ])ei'sons throughout
the land Vsant ami will travel far to enjov. An
investment which is based on Florida's elimate is
a safe one. Thousands have found this true and
thou>an(ls will yet disco\-ei' it.
P)Ut, whether you conteniplatt* Inlying a town
lot or an acreage, don't do it with your eyes shut.
Yon wouldn't pnrehaso a ])iece of ]) roper ty at
home, even an old barn, without lookinir at it.
When you buy in Florida see wliat yoiFre get-
tiiig. Fon't (io your shopping by mail, no matter
how attractive ihe offer may sound. If you eaiFt
tind the tinie to iro to Fhu-ida and see for vour-
self, d
on
huv. The ( hambers of Commerce
and reputable citi/ens are irhid to advise you. but
their idea> and yours ma>' be miles apart. Y(ni
may take their w(^rds as to tln^ value of tln^ ])ro])-
erty you are contemplating ])urc}Kisinir, but no
Fhambei" ol' ( "ommerce or I'eputable citizen knows
as well a- \'ou do what sort of a home you want.
if vol! are buving for speeulation, wliv, that's
anotlnu" matter. Go ahead and take a chance.
That's all real estate speculation is, anyway.
. I
1
II
i|: 1!
W t
CHAPTER II
GETTixc thi:ri:
Going to Florida has become so iLli. nlou^jv
simple that those who must have the d. in. ii u\'
adventure in their jouruLyiii,- ii.^i lar buiLur re-
main at home and cross Main Street nj^m or
iwioo at the height of ^rnffir-. There wa. a lime
when making the trip to Fhni^Ia ci]!..! tnr a lair
degree of daring and fortitude an<l a d. a! ..i
patience. This was spuriall\- tniu ol' a jounii'V
all the way by rail. One porfnrmpd ii l,y n -orios
of jumps. Having L'ni.l.MJ imm one jnnip, tlio
succeeding take-ofT was more (»: 1-^ ( nn j. .niral.
One might jump again Mat day or he ini-lit re-
main poised for several 'la}.-,, tin one tiip made
many years ago the writ or -^avr.,] so Inn- in
^'aycross, Georgia. In.tw.M.n trains tlml !ir ha-
ever since felt guilty \'nv nm having j.aid a |)(.ll-
tax. In those days r-.adh'l- were -k.i(!i\ af-
fairs beyond Jacksonville, the liujo hn orn-^i i\'es,
with their huge stacks, Vinn. ] avoo I, an^l all
schedules were *' subject 'n change uiilKait nn-
tice.*' The fuel ^■ if.j '> \'<>v the en-in*- was
stacked beside the track, li, as soni. lim.^ hap-
pened, the woodpile wasn't where if ^ImnM Im ,
you wf re out of luck. Water tanks, fon, had a
12
GETTINd; TIIIaRP]
13
way ui di-.tppuiiiting one. Sometimes they held
no wnfp]'. Tho writer still vividly recalls his fuel-
ing ni' Inljilessness when, left iiiarooned in the
heart <d' a <'ypress swamp, he watclird tliM onirine
t'adt' into the distance dowii tin- lonir straiirlit
track. There wa.-, it seemed, ^ufncient water in
tho tank to fako tlip lororrmtivo to tlu^ la'Xt sup-
ply, hut not enough to make the st<'ani rfpiired
to drai: the train, too. Of Cour-e one la^pied that
iht' etiirineer, haviner refreshed the boil< r, wouM
remumher the three ears left behind in the chirk-
t'liiTiL'" fnrp=;f, hnt thorn was Tin a-^nrance of it.
The hour (»]• so that i^a^-^'d h.efore ri faint irhire
on til" rim of the world hei-aMed resciir wa< tilltMl
Wi
anxh'lN' an^
'( n't'' 'I id 1 ult-
i i :>
I t r.
(ll<eour
airiiiLC predictions of a ndUion pessimistic frogs.
()no wouldn't williii-ly rpfuni in those condi-
tions ol" t !'an-.p()!-ytti(un of course, yet it mu<t he
acl^now ledgeil that there wa< a fa^innation in
them. Idicerlaiiiiy hold- allracih^Ti for most o^'
u^. TIk^ti OTie started fordi at mo]-uiiig not know^
in.LT wlna-c hedtimc would tiiid him, and many
pri--i>n-- accu-tomod !o t!:c luxui'}' '■>( hair mat-
ti-csses a!:d tin" li^.m -heets became adept in tho
art of ^leeping curled \i\^ (*n a du<ty I'ed \-elvet
car spat. A< for T^imal
\\ h \ , O ! ; e
I'tU
hh- fo flL;-:',!-" ahout d
nor cane
1 ■
I
( W( '.
'111.
imoh' didn't
' ' t'l en enou'"!! d i !i-
wa- calt
t ,'M
\- the
1 o! :i -nicMx- oil lamp at --ome u''^'od'\- \:'^uv
(){' the early nioi niui;, the passengers' heads novl-
♦
14
LKT'S GO TO FLoKlDAI
I'
dmg sleepily nhovp t]i.-ir irrif< a-,] ])i<('iiit> an.]
cane syrup. Ht u!i;,t a in ai'P hiriir eaniara.j.Tie
was engendered by the tnl.uh.Unix^ ui tiiu jour-
ney: Talk abuul ihc InLUKLsiiips formor] nn >liip-
board— bhnHc?. a trip from X.'w Vnrk tu Talla^
linssee in the old days liad .in .m^.-if, xnya-r h.^at
riirht frnrn the start! Adventur- rnadr i'or r.ju;,]-
r.y. a ;hree-],nur -h^lay at a .iuu.ul.ui was as good
as a lunnal iuirodnptifMu Au.l, -poakiiiLr of
junctions, wj.a- lias become oi" th.iii all.' One
used to r^arh a .junction every so ol't.'Ti, if innn-
"'"> ■-'•'■;■'•-. a!..], having reacla^d it. waitr,!. What
^■^'" ^^''■'^''■'« ^•^ was not always clear, luit wait one
d-^i. Had ihuy been plarod a hii .•I.>^.'r t.)i:ctli('r
^\^'"''^'^ •'•'•■*' li-h-.l, l-r ifiere was al\vay> food
of a sort to be purchased at tiaun; oran-."> if no
iiim:.. Snrne one— doubtless a scientist— hn^ said
that oaur- rcmaiii in the Tncmnry loTiir.u- than
lights. Perhaps they do. At :,l! rvnt^ ih«;
writer's most vivid recollection of scv, ral tiips
to Florida in the early .lavs is concern..! with
the mingle! Miiells of orange., an.j huiuiinLr \-a\-
There are thren wav< of r.a.Ti!i- I-1orida to-
day: f!:r..- if we eA.-rnpt ualkin- a-nl iKIiil:; by
train, by boat, by antoin..h!h'. P,y train l!i.- tlrn".'
^'■■"[•^ '^' ■• Vork Uj Jack;.o!:M!le is tliirh' liour^
Uj M.an- diirty-six bonrv, 1,, Tarnna fMri)- liours
to Key West fifty-one houf^. I'h'om M.'trolt th.'
tir/i. t.. Jaksonville is thirty-live houi> hv "The
GETT1X(; TilKRE 15
FhiininLTo." Thr "Dixie lamited" and the
"Ihxit' l*'i\-er" gtj .h^wn I'roiri (hicairo and St.
Luuic5 an.i connect with Kast and W./>t C/oast
points. Fi-'-ni X.w York run the ' 'Havana Spe-
cial," ilit' " Ia\ crirheh-s Limited" — the latter in
tNNO section-, one 01' whi.h starts from Boston —
the "hdoriaa Sp.ciah" niakinir but one passenger
stop between IviOmiond and Jack<onvillt^ and
ser\-inir tin' lua.-t ("oast a> far as Miami, tho
''T'loiu.hi dull' 1 aniiir.i"- -a (h- luxe tiyer — the
'•West liMlian Limit.'.i," the "Palmetto Limited"
and the " h'lori.la Mail."
From tli.' \\'.-t, l)«'-i.h'S tlie "Flamin.ir*'" and
the "Lixies," are the "Seminole Limit rd." tha
"Fh>ridiam" the ^'Suwan.M'." tlie '-Southland"
and tho "Lan.l of the Sky Limited/' tlu' latter
runniinr between Linelnnati arnl Jaeksonvilh' by
way of Adioville, Xortii Laroliiui. Perluip^ tliare
aro >till others. Not miu-li like tlie ohl ilays the
wi'it.a- !ia> Immmi r. nkniixunir about!
liaiiruad tar.- ih'.un -onn' ot' tie' prin.cipal
points to Idori.la follow. One \\a>-, X.w Y.>rk
Oit\- t.) Jaek-on\ ille, ^otkon; f.a Tam|>a. >44.L"); to
NLami. ^\\K~-\ Chieairo to ,laekson\-i!le, ^^:N.!>:) ;
L.Ui-.>it I.) .la.T-oiA ille, $38.90; St. Louis to Jaek-
kSoux ihe, .^^kkLkk
LroxuTur, of conr<(^, f]io <r.p.u'iority .a' St. Louis
a- a phaco i)\' -umni-T residence, sin.ee I rom it
b^l.>ri.ki can !te reached at a -a\ing ot" more tlian
two and ii halt do 1 la r> !
<
16
LET^S GO TO FLninDA!
GETTiAU TiiEKE
17
The writer would like to be able to «a^ that
the journey from, say, Xew York to I'Iup,]. ,s
one of unalloyed pleasure. Occasionallv i, n iv
be, but generally it's a bit mnj,nfmviu. .,. {,,
6cenery-you know how railways love to ^o
throiigh the most uninteresting sections of a state
and how they almost never enter a .iu .avo by
way of the slums— and extremely .llitv n. fo at
mosphere This applies mainly f. the souMa'ni
portion of the trip. Unless theiv ],,. ],.,,, ,
recent and abundant rain one exhaii^:. n,.. unvA
supply in the Pullman long before hi. cic.unation
IS reached, and that without encouragiiir. ovl
dences of bodily cleanliness. Of course a r^riain
amount of dust and soft coal smoke i^ in !.. „x-
pected, but Southern railroads, in the opinion of
one occasional traveler, are much luo g.iioron.
in the distribution of those things. On n l m ,J ,v
travel south of Mason and Dixon's linr I. lik.' Iv
to prove a sharp reminder of what lies ala a.l of
^^- It we don't behave ourselves!
Florida railroads mean well beyui.l a <lnuM
but they haven't quite discovered fli ,i i),., ^v ,r
IS over; the Civil War, that is; and v^..Uu.U and
equipment are still hir f.-m t!.. .,,,1 .alml it.d
to win prizes at a state fair. Sna,. of t|,.. p, ,|,
-^ne m particular, and the uiiur wo„M Invo
to name it right out in meeting !-se. a, t,. I,, ja^t
a wee bit aggrieved over the growth m il .. .f.t,.
and the consequent necessity in, Jni|aovrna nts
'1
nil, I la -y 're doing things, but they're doing them
late and almost, one might say, on compuL-iun.
TTnwovpr. all things come to him who wait^. and
even a Morida train gets there eventually. Fiom
this latter cruel jibe you may jump to the coii-
clusiun that the thirty-hour "Limited" loesn't
alwayc! arrive in exactly thirty linnr^, ul the
forty iK.ai- ''Flyer'' in forty. Wull, it's ymir
jiinip: and tli-} don't. Schedules are one thing
and ]Mif.)rniances are another. Single tracks in-
sluad of doublt', obsolete signal systems, din l-al-
Inst nT]d nntiquntod rolling equipment pertain to
inan\- railwax's and account in part for failures
to make schedule times.
And there may be another reason. The a\ Titer
advam-us it for wlaii it's worth. The southern
omriTic is o(ini]^pod wiih an extremely }»t>NVtrfnl
and I'ancon^ whistle which it takes almo-^! rluld-
i-h pleasure in soundinL^ It is a painful, tar
splittinir -<'p!-ano of a whistle, and is xvarrantid
to hiinu'- onu fruin -oimd slumber at the distance
of a mih\ yow whittling is, it is understood,
/ \nvr\i\i: a rnrrent of steam tlirc^mrh
!. (hn.^n't it stand to i-t-a-^ou tliat if
perloi'ni''' i
a tnlu'. \V
an oxcc-- airioun! of steam is devoted m arou^ini:
passcnir^'r- fi'Min -Ici'i) there is a constMnn'nt hu'k
of if \\>v niaki','-:- lh,p wheels go T'onnd ' lirin^mbfr
111.' Mi^-i-^ippi \lh<'V sti^am.boat that st.^pped
whtaiiw. !■
1,
h whistled for a laudiiiir? Well, there
}ou lia\e thr writer's theory, which i^ that ^outh-
\v
t \
18
T.KT-S CO Til FIjimDA:
S to LTfi
('••r-
ern engines spend so much steam whistling fliaf
they haven't enough left in their boilers
wlere they are going on time. Of course a
^^ii'i inidiiiM u[' whistling is necessary, especially
on luadft which would nlmost rather go into Imiik-
ruj.tpy than erect a waiiiiiig device at a L:ra<ie
crossing, but it can be \:t-H\ overdone, if \uu
don't believe it tfa\-.I arr.:^. I'^'orida.
It' vuu aru a iair-to-good saiiur, and dou'l niind
.-ptiidinir another dav or -n nn route, flin ^foaincrs
otf.T pleasanter conveyance. You liaxc >()iir
oimice of several lines, all of winch seem inoro
or less willing to accept your iialiuiiagu. Yuu
Will, juul-iably, miss the courtesy sho^^^^ pn^^^on-
cors on trans-Atlantic boats, but since y,,ui- tiip
i^^ ^"'i''^' >"n can <]n without it. With tin- in.uva-e
of connH^ition in coastwise territory it is (juiio
lik'Iy n.at patrons of the steamship lines will
liutu a cuiiL^iinnding increas^o in affability o?i tho
part of the Miudity Ones who have it in tlair
pow- r to sentence you to an inside, lower d.ck
stateronin over the screw, or to one amiddiip and
out>ido on thr prom.jnadu duck.
The Clyde Line runs boats from \.\v York to
Hiarlo^ton, S. C, and Jacksonville, Fia., and tVom
X.u York direct to Mi;ini!. Boats in the daik^on-
\-ilk' -.u'vice sail iVoni XfW \\>vV. (.!, Tia'-ikax's,
Iliur>da\> and Saturdays at d;Uu r.M., due at
Charleston two days later and at Jackson vilN-
the forenoon of the third day. Sai];: -. fui Miami
I
GETTING THERE
19
are on Wrdnrxlays and Sadurdays, at o:(H) p.m.,
,iu.. u> arri\- in Mianu early m llio morninir on
Saiurda\^ and Tuc:=days. AVith one or two excep-
tion- tho boats are now. the '';Scminulc," "(dioro-
kee" and "M()]ia\\k'" liavinc boon lainiclied
within iIm' past year. These are si.^tor shi]»s of
8,140 iou> di.-plac.uncnt, 4'f_' feet lonir, o4 feet
beam, carrying 440 pa^.-engfr^ oadn Tlioy liave
cxTM'll.'iit dork room, something missing in tlie
nldrr ])oats, and giass-endoH-'d promenades and
deck veranda> in addition t" the usual lounges.
Tin' niininiuni fare iVoin Xrw York to Jaekson-
vilh' is $36.54 ou all buaU, wliirh faro includes a
b(u-tli in an lu^ido room on the lower deck.
P,('rth> in oth-r locations cost from ^'2.2.') to ^9.2.")
extra. Suites with double bed and ])rivate batli
may bu Lad fur >^17.'Ht and $20.00 extra, according
to location. For these at least two tickets must
1„. ]airelia>.Ml. < hi tho ^^Sominole'' and her sister
I P * X
ships one may even spend s47.41 <?xtra tor a suite
,,r parlor, brdiivoni and hath. If you are travel-
ing alune and duuT crave the society of a stran-
rror, von may pay two fares and have a stateroom
(tl- bedroom to yiuil'sell.
Thr fare to Miami from New York is ^49.71,
minimum, an.l beyond that you may go as biirh
as $76.71. It due^ seem tliat the extra cent might
be knoek.'d ofT, but there's doubtless a reason.
(),. .11 hoat< children under two years of age
are carried free but are not entitled to seats at
1
1*' I
20
LET'S GO TO FLOKiDA!
the dining table. From the a^e of two uj ii\ e
children pay a small charge for muals. That is,
the pai Liii eioes. A child between five and twrlve
is charged half-fare; above twelve full f.nv. i mo
steam, r trunk not exceeding thirteen inc}!. s in
height may be placed under a lower b.t r 1,. Dugs,
irrespective of height, aiu not aiiuwuJ in stnto-
luum^ hill must be eitli^r housed in i-nw^^ or
mu7.7.]or] and leashed. TIm v are then contid.Mi to
the care of the Chief St. v,,i,,L a gent). man with
an ,<!.i)arent aversion for l.cmg bitten. W.- are
informed that ^'the same generTnl rp-n!;iti..ii. ap-
ply to birds, cats and other pet aniniaU." Pk.I,.
ably, however, the matter of the nnizzlr is waived
in tlie case of canaries.
Automobiles are cani.-i at iliu rate of $l\.">2
per hundred pounds from Xf^w Ynrl,- fo JarkM.i!-
ville and at the rate of $3.73 per hun.jr. .i I'min
N-w York to Miami, released. luMiranr.. mav,
h-^v.^vi. be purchased. Reservations sliunM be
^n>i<le well in advance of sailing date. Tnur\u<x
ears must have tops foldnd down and will 1... ac-
ceptod on any boat. Closed cars can be Jian.jl. ,]
on certain boats only, wherefore it is u. 11 tn make
inquiries regarding car shii-mtnl vt-ry rarlv in
the i:anie.
The Merchants and Aliners TrnTi^porfalion
Compnnv operates four steamers between f^alti-
mm-.- :u'.l Jacksonville, Fla.. tliivr Lotwocn Pliil-
adi'lphia and Jacksonville and one Lctwren Phil-
r^T
i'/,uto. iroin liriiii n Ui'OS.
IN MIAMI
't :
v;
t .
li
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
20
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
the dining table. From the age of two to tive
children pay a small charge for meals. That is,
the parent does. A child between five and twelve
is charged half-fare; above twelve full fare. One
steamer trunk not exceeding thirteen inches in
height may be placed under a lower berth. Dogs,
irrespective of height, are not allowed in state-
rooms but must be either housed in crates or
muzzled and leashed. They are then confided to
the care of the Chief Steward, a gentleman with
an apparent aversion for being bitten. Wo are
informed that *'the same general regulations ap-
ply to birds, cats and other pet animals. '^ Prob-
ably, however, the matter of the muzzle is waived
in the case of canaries.
Automobiles are carried at the rate of $2.32
per hundred pounds from Xew York to Jackson-
ville and at the rate of $3.73 per hundred from
New York to ^Fiami, released. Insurance may,
however, be purchased. Reservations should be
made well in advance of sailing date. Touring
cars must have tops folded down and will be ac-
cepted on any boat. Closed cars can be handled
on certain boats only, wherefore it is well to make
inquiries regarding car shipment very early in
the game.
The ^[erchants and Minors Transportation
Company operates four steamers between Balti-
more and Jacksonville, Fla., three between Phil-
adelphia and Jacksonville and one between I'hil-
imim
! :a n n n n esj n| n
! n n n n n n n
IN .MIA .Ml
GETTING THERE
;i(
Irlpl
la a
11(1 Mian
All l.nat
Aliaini toiirli a
Sa\'a
} : 1
sjuiiiiir
]•(' iiiadi^'
T
ucsiiay
\
lavs ; riiiladrlpliia srti
11*112'
0"«
21
vavp that for
Geor.iria. Hahiniore
>. Fridays and Sun-
AV^'diK^sdavp and Sat-
lU'daN
For Miami lli<' steana-r >ails ^
days. l>ahimore l-oats sail at <"):(hi p.m. ai
■W'l-V tl'll
id ar-
riv
e at JacksonvillL' T:*'*) a.m. <
)!!
the fourth day
rhiladulphia boats sai
1 at 4-;UU p.m. and arrive
at Jacksonville T-.oi) a.m. o
t' the fourth day. Boat
for .\Fiami sail at 4:0(1 i'.m., arrivin-- at i :'>() a.m,
of the fourth day. Minimum
as follows: l)altimore aiiil d
( tne
wav lart's are
i < • t\ :
.onvuii
Ih
IMnladrlphia an<
j)hia and Miami
1 darkson\ilk', ^^-i.bb
s;i( ).0() :
rhihuh'l-
4(1. 4<. Wintor oxoursion rate
ire from ahout hvo to seven
1
ollar
u
nder the
)rir(' of t\\o oin'-\\'a\' tares, c
ITith. Reirulatioi:
1
limit to dun(
\nd have a return
to ]U'eferre(
1
■ pa
(•(', (
hild
rri
ha^■-:■alro. automoltnos are a
ibout
tl
a
le as on otlier lines
Fho Paritic Steam.^hip Com]-.any's Admiral
tl,,. '-ll. F. Ahxandrr'' from New
no nil
^'ork
>('hi'd
( )
uh
Mian
Tlii.
"oc
I oil a forty -A
iirlit hour
I
»oa
rv2.A feo1 in, length. ace(un-
inodates 585 lir-t *•
an linfr CMinfort-
ort
;lhin
an<
assenirers an«
1 olT
ers
\iir
Sail in ITS are
mate' t
sC.O.DO.
A"orv tou t
lays. The minimum tare n
Tho Savannah Fin
o o
f the Ocean Steam
diip
( 'ompan>- <
Vers an exce
■Tit
■lA'ir
t'l'oni Hoston
and Now
York
to Sa\anria
h, (
MM )
rLTia, w
til
ai
1-
! ,
O
i\
22
LET'S: no TO FLORIDA!
ings from f losiun on Tuesrlnyc: an.] Sntnrdavs and
frOTT! y. w Ynv\ ,,:; Ti:.-.I;i>^. TLiir.^iay. aiid Sat-
i:r.lays. The fare from IJoston is ^:u\a\:>, tr,,in
Xe^v V,.rk $30.38. Tlu- iivi-Li rate on aut..ni()^
bik'- ir^iiii 1-Ju:=lun i:> .^2.09 \)('r \iuni]vo(] yioim.ls,
from X.-A- York, ^^LO^. An a-M.Ml rhar-- ..T sl.oi)
r^'r rar i^ m.ide for whai'Iage at Sax-annali. The
time between Boston an.l Savannali i^ lour days,
between New ^'-ak and Sa\aiiiiali, ihruc days!
At Savannah railroad connrrfion- for Florida
points are convenient. One or tun .la\> sp. nt in
that city before continuing the tri|. wii], li(,w.\,.r,
add^enjoyni.-nt. It j. a pleasant city, chock full
of historical intert:.! hui modern enonudi to satisfy
the exacting demands of tlio visitor.
The Am-rican Lin.- will prnha!.ly have one l)oat
af least in service between \. w York and Miami
by the time this is bein- r. a-i.
Another thoroughly enjoyahh' m.thod of
reaching Florida i'< ^ofakc a Malio)-;.^ Iki.- -^i.-anier
^rom Ne-A- York to Key \\k-t, ivm^aML'- in i!i,»
East Coast by railway or r. a.hing tlie W . M 0.nu>L
by one of the Peninsular and Occid -lal Lim^
boats to Tampa. The voyage to K. v \\ .^i 1,1 os
four days, and under ordinary weath r . ,,ndilions
is a most pleasant and interesting one. Th. 1 1 av-
eler can do worse than to pause a day ui Mi at
Key West before seeking the mainlanfl aL^nTn
The fare to Key West is $36.00.
Florida may be reached Umn X, a Oi],..Mi> hv
OETTixG tii?:kk
23
l.oats of tlic Onlf and Sontli-rn Steamship Corn-
pan}. >ailinir iwicf w^-^'v^ly.
Vur tht' owner- of -h<»al dr. if* iioats, either
motor or auxiliary, a cruise to Florida hy tin'
Insido Houtc i? a pToa^^nraMc ndvon'nrt'. A
craft drawinir fonr f.M-t oi- less can make the trip
all thr way to th.- Bay of Flori<la irisid-- of lan<l
or reef prott'cii(»n, c\ct']tt in'_r for ono op).*n strrtrh
below l^caiifort, X. C. Frona Barn.cs Sound t(^
Kcv Wt'st tho naviirator may kt*o]i lii< c<Mirse
nortli (^\' the rpprr Krys as far a- Hahia HoTida
or he may 1:0 hy way of Hawk Chanml. t<^ the
south. Distances are as follows: Xrw \ -rK to
Jacksonville, 1,185 mile-: Jaek^onviTie to Kuy
We>t, :):N mile<: total 1X-- miles. Tla'<e dis-
tances are, howr\-c!', suhj<-ct to co!i-tant -liorttMi-
imr as old cliannoL art^ dr./d.ged a:id ^:' w ones
(.pt'iird. From Xcw York to Jacksonville liie trip
r.Mjuirr< from tw.-i'v to ^liirt}- daiy-. 'Tho ccMirse
i< Writ liiio\ .mI and mai-k.'d. hn' owing to the siiift-
inLT <^\ -iwi^l- l^'cause of tidal or current influence,
oaro siiouid he c\e^ci^^d. charts and sailinir
dii'fction^ mav hi^ obtained for the whole dis-
t anco.
Th," coniiimod motorist will, of course, prefer
lo reach h;^ I'heida destination over the high-
W!iv^n and, wlcn all is said, periiap'S that is the
l)est \^a\ to make ihe journey. Certainly it is
to be pi r!\ ! I . d ti) traveling by lail so long as time
is hoi a seriou>. consideraiio-a I'h.' \s liter has
24
T.KT'.^ nn Tn FLnniDA!
tried all methods and speaks from < xperience.
Every year witnesses a notable improx . rn. nt in
highway conditions, and the day is ri..t far .li<-
■ tant when t!i.- motorist will bu" ahlc lu roll all
the way from Xtw Vork to T\oy Wo.^f ov.-r liard
pavement. At i-rosent there are ninny >tivt(}ies
of dirt, ranging fi'mn Lad to -..od, y.-t "tlirsc, save
after i-mTacted spells .»f bad w.-atli.T, arc noth-
ing to worry abuut. Dt'tour> y..n will fin,], of
course; these, liko fho pr.nr, aiv always witl/iis.
And somr. of tb.'ni, likr tliM pom-, aro /.o^r/ But
they are -rowing scarcer oadi y.-ar. It is no
longer a!:\- trick to mak.' tbr Juurnoy from Xcw
York to Jacksunviiiu in ii\-.' days, altlionirli that
time is a bit too Lripf f,,,- enjoyment. A six-dav
schedule leaves one better miT a> to Iiot.'ls and
allows one to finish the da> '- ran brfoiv dmk.
The distance is approximai-ly twelve Jinndreil
miles, and, of course, if vonVo f]]nt c,ori, von
can cut that timo down consid.Tabjy ],v ])nni>]i-
ing the drivei\ sMsregardi:.- traffic rules and tak-
ing chances. It is best, thon-!i, t- .db.u inr un-
foreseen delays and aut pn^mise yourself to ir.t
to the end of the journey nf nnv ^prrlfi,. \\uu^
on arv fixed date. If yon^-.^ in ;,n";dniii:lit v ru>li,
yti' 1 much better take the train.
Kr-in Xew Y^^-l y.^ir r(Mitr, uliichrvcr voii
select, lands you ultimately at KulimoTid, \'a.
From Richmond you trnvr ] ].v vmv nf Suntli Hill,
Clarksville, Oxford, D .•!.,ni. (ireensboro, Char-
GETTING TiiEKE
25
loite, :Spartaiibnr-, Greenville, Hartwell, Athens,
.Madison, Macon, Perry, Tiiluu, VaWosta to Lake
rdtv, Fla.
An altrrnat(^- ronf<> pr.'f^Trod by many— the
writrr amongst ilimi- is from Parlaim to l\.lmn-
bia, Ai^Mista, Macon and as above to Lake City.
Vronrnofroit and Chn-n^o use the eastern and
western branclirs of the Dixie ILirliw-ay respec-
tivelv. Idle tir<t '.rni-s tlirouirli (dncinriati, Lex-
in<rton, Mt. Vrrnon, Cnvhhi, HaiLonrvlllr. Knox-
viHe, (diattaiiuoira, Atlanta, Perry, Tifton, Val-
dosta, Lake City. The second iroes to Danville,
Terre Haute, Kvan>ville, Clarksville, Xashydle,
]\[onteade, Cliattanooga and on as alu>vr. From
Lake (dty, wliidi is tlio more we^tt^rn iA \hr two
main irateways iulo Florida, tin" Ea<t Loa-t trav-
eler crosses to JacksonviHc while those uii their
wav to the Wc<i Coast or The Kidge contmue
.ou'th to (biinc^vilb', ()c;da and so om Highways
witliin tlic ^tatc will be dealt with later. Some
(,i ib.ni will be dealt with severely, since they
"llavin- roaclwd Mncon. Ca.— and a mo^t desir-
.^1,],. ^,1;hv it i< to reaclu too— the East Coast trav-
eller has tbe option .>!' slidiiiir down to Jack>on-
\ ille b\' NNav of \\'a>\'ross.
(■•^lifornia vi^it^- trnv.! bv way of Ymna,
Pou-las, Fl IM^n, nalbis-but wliaCs tho use?
No patriotic Californian would go to Florida.
Besides, he'd miss hi:, morning eartlhiuake.
CnAPTFP, III
>'i-"Kn)A L.\i>i:K Tin: F^p.wi'^ir-
Tnis chapi,x- and the followinir mav contain
liothiiig not already known to you, ,. whi,-!, case
^7 ''■^- '•■■""■''^■■'">- invited to pas« ,!..„> ..v-r I„
iieevent, however, that yo„a,v nut ae,„ain„.,i
^.lt!. the occurrences whid, rc.uited m the Vh„-uU
"!,!""ay, ur :!.ai they are no longer fre>l, in v,,,,,-
a=:.ta.e the dose. I- i-n't v,,y l.i„,,, ,.;,,.,
a shght knowledge o: t!„. Li.i.,v .,r il.e .talo,
•I K,.,.- v.here you can get at it. will ,na1<,. tl,e
l-a.ance of tl^e volume of mor- interest I,, v,,,, an,l
when von cnnio to n.r.la-as it is hn,,,-,!' v„„
r ^"°"^'- '"■■ '■''^^'•-it -in -i.l un,|,:f.lan,lin^^
t" y-ur pleasure. V,.;, will, r^, instanc, ,ak,.
"i-re zest in seeing the old narrow ,uvets of
St. .Augustine if, in vo„r mi,,,]. v,,u .•;„, pi.i,,,-,-
.tw-ni_hlled with , ,,,!,, ,,•„, ,.„,„;,,. ,,,„|.„i„„ „,.
^pniM.!; cavaliers, swa.shhncllinL: .,,, row,--,
■'••-roes, Indians, and, ..uaui..^ in il„.ir eil.ir,i'
];a.an.u;ns, those Ldies "<h..,.rv.:Uv ..„l..l,ral,.l
l"r!!,.:r charms." lY-nsacola's ohi rurilii,.aiion<
•'■''I U.C Spanish names I.- 1.,. ,-,,,, | ,,,, ;,, ,,,,,„,
;-™ers will have u..,. interest i„r vou a' you
know something of the ■■ v, l.v!,,,-." The manv
it) " ' ' ■
FL(iRlT).\ rXDEK THE SP.VXISH
_ t
mnuiid.-^ to 1h' foinifl from one end of the state
to tlif oilifi- vsill inmn more to yen it' you aro
ah!,, tn ivrnll a liille of the story of those wlio
huilt thrill, aiid thu quuer, n'uw.'I IiIUmI narar.- of
I'iv.'i'.-^ and lako^ anrl town^ will say somL'thing
Tn.)iv t.) yon lliaii juM "Mataiiza^" or ''^ficoosn-
kee'' mt "Witlilacnocl!. •..."' I-).v-i(les, con-idrr the
advaiitairt' yu will hold nv.-r >oin- travt'liiii: com-
pnnioii who. Iiaving .-kippud llu:: eha})^'r aii<l the
next, Ix'lirx-.- Potipp de Leon to have hpfii the
first proprietor oi' a tainous hotel and Oa.^parilla
a .^prinir tonic !
The historx (a' h'loridi;> 1> ricii in roinan(U\ it>
disrovory, conquL'^l aud settk-muiit a colorl'ul pic-
tiir(^ Trior to it^ possession hy the rnUt-d States
in l^i^l, the standard^ of throe Idnirdo-m^ waved
(,vor it. d"h<" w.o'ldold Inre oi' l^^'M hroinrlit t1ie
iir<t advontnivr t.. it< :-^hoivs in the ])orson of
Juan Ponce de Leon, who, liavin- coinpiered
lN)rto l\ic() t'oi' Spain, had hoon nia.h' its giu-ornor
and had inana-ed to do very wdl for ]iim<elf.
Accordinir to tic nativ.-s, there hay to the north
a wondei-t'ul country c;dled P)iinini wla>rein, he-
sides much irulih Ava< a sprimr ]io<<essLng the
].o\vor to iv-tm-e youth to him who immersed iu
it. Pi fact, th.> h-L^.aid seem- to luwe irone even
farther than that and Lmaranteod eternal jiiViUiih
ity to the i'urtiiiiale bather. The spriicj: was
supposed fohp the snurre of an »M|uaiiy marvelous
river which iiMW-d lo ^he sea and which, in the
i
28
LET'S GO To FLoinDAI
belief of the SpaniarJ., uiiu licar.! ihr tal.'s an.l
carried them back to ^^pnm, aniU Im- no ctlirr
than the Jordan of Biliii. ai lame. At thr l.cirin-
ning of the sixteenth centin > .1 Fniintain ,,1' Kt.r-
i.mI Vouth was a sni;ill ninr...I tu .wallow, aii.l
Ponce de Leon's crudaliiy was not straiiir.l in
the least. If, Imwovor. L.- lia-ln't l..>t his jol) as
Onvernor of Porto Pico alM.nt thai tini.' it is
Hk*'ly that he woul^l have ]. I'l thr .liM'ov.Tv of
the famous fomitain to aiiuther. P. rhaps 'time
hung heavy, perhaps playing seron.I-fi.hllc to
Piego Columhus his successor in taxoi-, wmt
ne-ninst the grain, or perhaps the (»M spirit of
aiventure reawakened. In any case, hr ohtaiiKd
^'!'"i''i hi^ Ki'iir a patent ui di^cuViTv and dulv sot
forth for Piinini.
To sav that Ponce de Leon had in view mainlv
the linding of the Fountai:: of ^',,,nli i^ Tn.ivly a
phasing assumption. Without donht tli.^ .piVst
for that fabled wonder wa^ put oi hi^ plan .Inr-
nii; hi.> lirst expedition, hn^ a^ hr. Yxa< thru hut
forty-twn vears of age, healthy ainl xiirorou.^. it is
not likely that he felt aiy consnniliiir p. rsoaal
interest in it. Tf there ha^i l-.n no rumors of
gnl.i iu Bimini ii 1:, very dMnlitfwl iliat he would
have financed the adven^ui.. llowrwi-. on tlio
oppasionof his second attempt h.^ app*'ars to liavo
been animated by more altruistic seat im, aits, for
he wrote to the King: ^'1 im.w raurn \n that
island, if it please God's will, to settle it . . .
FLOraPA T^XPKR TTTK SPAXTSTI 20
tlmt th.' name of Hiri^f mav be prai^od there and
your Majesty serve-l wiih th.' t'ruii that land pro-
duces.
Ponce de Leon's patent was received in l.)P2,
liut a (hPiy ensuerl and it was not until a year
later that he finally salh'tl iVnm Torto Kieo with
tliree caravels. On April 2n.l ol' that year he
landed uu the eoa.-t of what is now Florida well
])t'low the mouth of the St. Juhu's River, an<l six
(lavs later tnok possession of the ^Msland" in the
name of the KiuLT of S^pain. Tlu' n.ativcs, thouirh,
didn't cotton to the KinL^ noi', it seems, to duan,
for they made it ]>iTtty hot for the litth/ ]iarty,
and, after spen-ling nearly two months alomr the
(>oast— it is donht ful if ho ever cot very far away
fr(»m it -tilt' e\])lorer lieadi'd homeward without
havini: found ritla-r the Fount;un of Youth or
any sign of gold. He had just ahnut as much
ehanco of di-envorinir the latter as the former,
since Florida is one of the few stato^ of the T^nion
whose L^coloi:-ical formation V^"**^^^^'^^-^ ^^^^' exist-
ence of that intcrestinLT metal !
Ponce de Leon made his second attempt in
lo^l. Pui'inir the intorvpninor oiirht years Ic had
worki'd at his trade n\^ soldicrin^ir in the ])rocess
of convertini: the Caribs to the Catholie reliirion
and to allegiance to thr Kinir of SiKiin: a task
to which ho applied himself with courage and dili-
^rui'i\ He had aPo found time to visit Spaiii and
play the role of Florida's first '^booster," giving
30
LET'S CD TO FT.riKTDA!
]
^udi an enthusiastic account of the laii.i fliaf the
Kin- rnmo nrross with a new patent an, I ImMow..!
<'■'! l.iin the sounding title of ^^A.l.laMa.l., ,.i thu
Isles of KiMr.iaaiKi JJiiniM." TIm-iv i., l„)w,.vor
no i-fcurd lu the eifect tliat Lj. Mai.^Mv -nvr l.im
any more suh^fnr.Hn] aid. and >o ii iVt,. },.. ,„p.
posed that the ind.iatiuM'hl. Ponce d.I/nndipiKMl
^^:'''' ^''^" ^^- "^^■■' l-,.k..t>.. Tin. tiin. 1,. took
''■';^^ ^-'^' ^"^^i" l^Liiidivd soldiers, a iiiinil.^.r of
l»riL-is, horses for hi^ troop., .-nft!.. and da-rp
ai:d mndo a landing pr^.haMy nm tdr di.Mant from
the scene of In. tirst effort. Once in-nv 1},.. na-
tives interfered ^vi•L In. plan uf .uttl.naait and
so narrad the party that the attempt was a.-ain
abandoned and the caravels set .siil r.,r Ciil.a.
^^^'*'^'" ^'^^ '^ present-day saying tliat nn,v vou -.'t
Flnrida sand in vnv.r .dm,., xna will snivlv n-
twrn. Perhaps the rulf h.dd guud hark in ilioso
timr.. and aceuunted for Poiim do T.r-.ai's second
arrival there. And prnTap., if th.^e is truth in
til" -nyinir, he would still hav.. p.a->i<tcd and,
sir;'- }:>■ was of stout Iwart, cvrntnallv >uccuuded
liad 1;m not received an arrow woun/l in ono of
the ^kirmi.diL's with the Tndian^< arid nitimatrlv
^h>''l from the eiTects. S,, .ni.]. tlm fh-.t ('liapt.'r
';t thecornn.^^ofFlnri.la. rnn.-. d, .!,:,,„ 's prac-
^^'■al a.'-nrnpiidniH'nts w.nv nil, va la- s)a)w.Ml tin'
'''^>' ^" ''^"-' '^'t"^- an, I lar I.-ss a-lrniraM.- ad-
VL-nturt-r^ and supplied l-'lnri.ja'. }n>torv with its
first romantip pages, pages nnnillird hv crime or
FLOKIDA I'XDEK THE SPANISH 31
crndtw He ditl natrc than discover Florida,
laoiiirh, l'(»i" lit' al>o named it — J t na 'h Pascua
Florida! Only a Latin could have attained such
a flourish. Xof that much iniairination was en-
taihMJ. I'nv he had ^iirhtcd land on Easter Sunday,
March ".-7, and tlic name of Flowery Easter prob-
ably presented il:?elf readily eiiouirh, but the
point is that he didn't turn it down in favor of
Ponceland or Sand l>landl Yes, we (>we more to
him than iu>t the little matter (^f diseoverv. He
was Itui'ied in San Juan, Porto Kico, where his
tomb bears the Sjiaaish eipUN'ah-nt of: ''Here rest
the bones of the bravo Eion whose nature was
,t:i'eater than his name." Yes, they had the gift
of words, those Spaniards!
After Ponce de Pr^on came Diego Miruelo, 1516,
landiriLT supposedly in wTat is now Pensacola Bay;
Hernandez de Pt'u'doba, l.')17, landinsz on the east
coast; Alonzo Ahai'cz de Prieda, loP.b skirting
westward and e.tabli>hinLr tli,' fai't that Pascua
Florida was not an island: (I;iray and Vasquez
de Ayllnn. ir)20d52r;: and tla-n Paidilo ile Xar-
varez, lo'J^. The latter, at the hea<l of a hundred
men, reached Apalache, hut, brim: contintudly be-
set by Indiaii. ami >hoi1 of f()od, soon ri^treated
to the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico, where
lie constructed rude boats and ])Ut to sea. De
Xar\-arez and all but toui' of his meti were
drownrd by the o\'ert uriiiniLT ot' th^ir craft. The
sur\ivur> at last made iheir va\' to Mexico and
-■v^
y
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA
frr,m there returned to Simih. wliere the trcasui-. r
• »f Hi., ill-fated expedition, Cabeza dr Vhc-a, wrde
<»f !:!< adx-t'iiturf-, iiK'tuniig Pasciia Florida as a
vtTiiaMt' Land of rrold.
De \'a<a'< tales soon roarliod the oar^ of a
gentl'-nia!! a-ivriitnr.-r \\]\i) had aided IMzarro in
the conquest of Peru and who was now looking;
for Th'w iiuld:^. This was Ft-niand.)— Hernando if
you like it better — do Soto. De Snto had a('(|uired
fame and, some historians assert, fortune, and
when he mad*' known hi< intention to confjuer this
land <>: r:.L»- he didn't hav.- to advert i-c for com-
panions. Hl'^ chief task was to refuse applicants.
Nobles, peasants, soldiers, artizans. Hocked to his
staTidard. many adventurous Lr'-nth^men selling: or
mor^L'-ai:!!:L^ th-ir estates in or-lrr to purchase
interests in the enter}»rise. E\entually seven
lar-*- and three small ships set sail for Cuba.
Th.-r.' two morn wnro a<ld.Ml and sail was set for
Pa<eua Florida. In May (,r June of ir):;9-^let
others settle the date — the expeditifju, consistiiif^
of more th/iu ,-ix hundred thorouirhly e(juif)ped
men, dropped anchors in what i- now d\ampa I^ay
and was tlien narnef] F-pir-itn Santo, an<] onc(»
mor<' t!:e roy;i! vt;in<lard of Spain \\-as raised.
d'rouhh' at once ensued with tlio Lidians, who, as
a r<'^Lilt of Df \:ir-\afez's visit, had no likin^^
for visitors. T). bulu tor)k pos'qr^c;^;^,,, ,,f a de-
s'^r^ed native village where the present city of
Tami'a .-tands and opened n'gotiati<jns with the
FLORIDA T'XDFK THF SPAXTSII 33
cliief, Iliiuuhicrua. knit neither he nor any other of
the cliiefs encountered in the ex})l(»i'ations would
consent t(t a truce. Wherever the expedition
iourneved it encountered onlv hatrt'(l and malice.
Warl'ai'e was continuous, Indian and Spaniard
0|)posing treachery to treachery and brutality to
])rutalitv. Eventuallv De Soto reached the land
of the Apalache, in the vicinity of the present
Tallaliassee, where the winter was spent. Early
in the sprimr he h^l his forces northeastward into
wduit is now (b'oriria, and from there westward
to the Mississippi. So far as Pascua Florida
was conceriied he liad accom])lished nothing save
to inci'ease the enmity of the Indians. Ills search
for LTold continue(l for more than tliree years,
terminatini: in his death and tlie buidal of his
body in the Mississippi I\i\-er. Of six hundred
and twent\- who had started hopefully forth with
him on that (pie>t for riches, but three hundred
and ele\-en remained when the expedition tinally
reached the (lulf of Mexico arid foundied a settle-
ment on the Panuco l\i\"er. Fnlike that otlier
romantic adx'enturer, Poiu-c de Leon, De Soto Irft
a trail of bh»od behind him, but, like him, he met
death in his enterprise.
Hut others were I'eady. First, rancello. a Do-
minican monk, led a numl'cr o{ his faith to deatli
at the hanils of thr Indians. Then, in loo^, came
(luido de hi> P»a/.ares with man) -^hips, supplies
and men, onl\ to encounlrr territic ^tiM'TMs tliat
34
LET '8 OU TO FT.OinDA
tiiially spollof] disaster. In lo^.O Ti"!>tai! (].■ T.inia
expior.-i the western pari ..!' ih,. prr>fiit >iaie,
hill p.-ri'rcied no settl.'iiifiit. hnuhtless ilicr*'
wt're others unknown to the hi.-^iurians. 'J'liat as
nia\- \jL', ;Spaiii continued to' hold tiflo to a \ast
t.-rritnry on whi''']i -li- ]ia.l >o lai- }ailc<l lo otah-
lish one permanent or consid-raM.' settlrmnit.
^■>y virtia- Ml' the discoveries of Columbus, the
gran: ^f the Tope and ^.uch uxpuditiuns as those
of Dl' LvoUy Du Xarvaroz, Do Soto and otlnT-,
Pa-nin Florida wa- a \-a-i lainl of unknown ex-
tent that stretched from tia' Atlantic to approxi-
matrix- what is now New Mexico and ran north-
ward to the frozen seas. Tu the north, however,
Spain's title was contested by Eno-Iniid as a re-
sult nf Pabot's discoveries; and ly Fran..', as
w.-d. ahhouirh the latter's elaim v.-a^ less solhllv
ft
based.
N'''."<>rtheless it wa.-. hd'anee who lir.st tuuk steps
to mak. good her claim. Tn ^'^r2 rnptiin .T.;ni
Iiihaut arrived at the mouth of the Si. dohn'.^
Rlvr. v.! ieh he called the **Ri\.r ..f .Ma\." He
then coasted northward and fina!l> h 'j-an ih.' .ice-
liun of a fort near the present l^'aufort in South
rarolinn. leaving there n hnn.lhd of hi- in.'ii to
k"ld i* :'..!■ K'ing Charles. K'ihant th.-n i-.'iui'ned
to Idance for the purpose of reondtinL: Huiruenot
colonists and a second expediUon -aile.l for the
Xew W urld in three vessels under eomman.l of
Rene de Laudonniere in the Si ri-- n\' laiil.
FLOinDA rXDKK THF SPANISH
33
Landinir was ma.}.* a few rnilo u]) the St. Jolin's
an.l a loir l'.)rt was built whiidi was called Fort
Caroline. The >itt' is now known as St. John's
HIulT. Meanwhih' the iraiudson left Ixdiind at
Fort ( 'harles had deserted, put to sea in small
boats \\hirh tlioy had fashioned and. after almost
])erishinir of Iriniirer, been rescu.'.l bv an Fncrlish
shi|).
The new eoloiiv had troubles aidentv. The In-
dians, at iirsl friendly, turn.-d enemies, laek (^f
food produced illness an.l ])art of the garrison
mutini.'.l. Tho tiintly \i-it of Sir John Hawkins
^^ith an fbiLdi-h tleet, however, supplio.l them
\v\\]\ provi>ion<. rin.j bflort- thfir dt.'termination
to return to France could be put in foree Captain
Ixibaut aiu'ived with his second expedition. Joy
over this ev^eiit was short di\aMb tliouLrh. for
S(puirely on tho h.-els of tli»' Freiieli ships came
i'.MJro Meiieiide/. (]>' A\dh's, ^^itll eleven Spanisli
vessels, determin.'.l on the extermination of the
Fr.-neh I 'i-ototant colon}', "^fen.'ndez attacked
the hirL^.'i- of liihaut's shijx ;it the nnuith of the
i'i\'or, but tho>x I'oui- in number, cut their cables
and mad.' tli.'ir e-eape. M.ei.'n.lez took his tlai^-
ship up the Si. J.ihn's, found tlie Frruu-h well pre-
par.'.l for i'.'>i-tanc.' an.l. I'.'turniuLr to his thud,
b'.i it southwar.l an<l dcbaikod at St. Auu'ustine,
nanie.l so by him b.M-au<o <.f his arrl\'al (Ui St.
Augustine's I)ay. Ibu'e .Menemb'Z t.)ok ])osses-
sion of an Indian villaofe, erected fortifications
Li::i";S GU Tu FLORIDA:
an.] set u[> l:i> liaLiiLT witli iiiiu'li pomj) and cere-
nioii}-.
Rifunit iironiptly folhnvpr] an.] attomptor"! an
attack. Inn a gale of inor^' tliaii common intensity
(li>prr-t'i] his >]ii[i> x'litliward. \\'licrcn})on, (piite
as pronifitly. M.'n.'iidt'z (|tM'i(|r(l to surprise the
small i^arrison left beiiin<l at Fort Farolinc. This
he did with a force of somt' tivt- hundi-cd warriors,
being gni-hd across the intervf-ninLr forty miles
of .-warn}) and forr.^t hy friendly Indians. Fi'oni
the Spaniard '> point of view the riit,-rprise was
a vast :>uecess. Ul the less than two hiuulred
occupant- of the fort only a handful possessed
guns; tht' rr-t w.^re artizans, camp followers,
wonn-i! an<i childr^-n. Mcnt'iuh-z had no dilTicultv
in capturini: the furt nor in -lauLdit^'rinir nearlv
all the a<lu]t males. A f^w escaped, reachtM] two
of three >.ma]l vessels lyinir in tho river an<l
^-vriitualiy arrived saf.-ly in Franc. ■. Ment'ndez
returrh'd to St. AuLrn^tiiu' and "iravt' the Ford
a t!ion>and thanks fur the great favors re-
c.-iv.Mh''
Rihaut'- th'ef was wreckei] aloni: tlic coast to
the southward, hut all hut a f.-w of the party
reaeli.Ml lai:d in -af.'\\- and start»'d northward for
Fr>rt Caroline in two parties. Th.e first party
numhered ahoiit oi.r himdr.'d and fifty, and these
wrr** kilh-d to a man close h>' th.' inh't now known
as Mara!;za-. '•p]a''.. ,,f Shiuirht .u-/' The secoiKl
party appeared a few day:, later, mustered close
FLORIDA FXDER TfflE SPANISH 37
to fhrcH' Iiundred and fifty and was in command
of Rihaut himself. After a parley Ril)aut olTered
Men.'ndez a ransom of 100,000 ducats in behalf
of those of his men ready to surrender. Menen-
dez agreed and about a hundred and fifty French
gave themselves u]). The others retreated south-
ward again. Those wdio had surrendered were
offered their lives on condition that thev recant
Protestantism. The offer was refused and all
save five were put to death, Ribaut among them.
Most of the two hundred wdio had retreated were
later captured and brought to St. Augustine where
they were set to work as slaves.
The Spaniards put in a diflicult wdnter, the In-
dians wdio had first proved friendly soon turning
against the colonists and killing well over a hun-
dred of tlieir number as chance permitted. Many
others, tiring of conditions at St. Augustine, re-
turned to Spain or Mexico. ^lenendez himself
soon went back across seas to bask in the favor
of his Klnir, but not before he had seen to the
<'rection of a new fort. Fort St. Jolm, and the
restoring of Fort Caroline. The latter he newly
named San Mateo.
The news of the catastrophe to the Ri])aut ex-
pedition soon reached Fratice, and in August,
lof)?, Dominhiue de Gourgues, a gentleman of
ancient family and a soldier of much renown,
set fortli with three ships and a fovoo of two
hundred and fiftv men to avenge France. In
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
or(LT t*) I rocrir-' tin- wlimnvit hal for tliis ox-
})tMliti()ii !)'■ (iMurLj^ues soM hi- inlifritaiu'''. He
inadt' a kiiidnig north ui ihr St. Jolni's, iratlit'iaMl
a lar-Tf forro of TiHlians to him and aMarktMl Fort
San .\LittM). Ai't^'T sligiit resistance tli*' irari-ison
tlt'd ir,*<> tlh' t'or.-.-t wlifi'.' th*' Indian^ inadf >li<>rt
work nt' til. -in. Only a few wrvr taki'ii ali\'i\ and
such a- vslTl' Wl'Tl' hah'd tu the scene of .XL'iw'n-
doz's butchery and hanged. The Spiuiiard liad
h't't th-' !r.-cr!|t!ion *'Not as i<» I^'r^'nchinm, ])ut
as to Lutherans." T^*' Oourgues set up a new
leL:»'nd ah(»\''' til'' danLrlinir cnrpses: "Nnt as to
Spaniard-, but a>. to traiini->, ihieves and mur-
derers." He wn = . it WMiild seem, not only a
nMhh' Lrentleman and a gaUant sohii^r. hut a mas-
ter of the retort courteous. Vengeance seeure(l,
!)•' Oijiagues sailed hack L-r l-^ance in Mny, L")(i'^,
unregretful, one is sure, ul hi:^ iu.-A inherit a nee.
J'> have aH-mpfed an assault on the heavily t'orti-
fied S^ AuLnnstine with so .-mall a t'oree w(uild
have been useless.
Menend'V. |ut_'sently retui-::t<] to lii- folhiwers
and set about converting tiiu Lilian- to ('atholi-
cism. But the natives wfTC still anta'-ronh-tie to
tie- Spanish and tlie efforts <d" hi- pri.-ts met
vi'h ill success. He estahli-ii-d a I'.-w missions,
hnt each, because of continm 1 d. pi-dation- ot
the Indians, was as much a block huu.-e as a mi>
sion. Meanwhile, at le-'m'- m ^p'a'va interest in
the new possession fast d'Aiiifilrd. Th.- expected
FLORIDA rXDER THE SPANISH 39
stores ot" irold aiid precious .ie^ve]s had failed to
materialize, and the Kim: displayed scant enthu-
siasm for this distant and uncivilizeil land. Set-
tlement continued hut slowly. Nearly a score of
years passed suhseipieiit tu the brief ])ut hectic
\dsit of I)«^ Gourirues before Florida ju'ovided a
new sensation in the arrival at St. Augustine of
Sir P^rancis Drake. Drake bon? (^(ueen Elizabeth's
commission to play hob with the Spanish when-
ever and wherever found, and after the famous
Emrlish freebooter had discovered that a settle-
ment of Spaniards lay beyond Anasta<ia Island
there was j"ust one thimr for him to do. So he
went riirht ahead and did it, and did it with Brit-
isli thoromrhness.
He ca])tured, plundered and burned the village,
and saile(l meri'ily (»tT with a treasure chest con-
taining: two thou-and p«enids.
After hi- departure the irihabitants returned
to St. Auirustine and relniilt. Lidiari outbreaks
were numerous and life in Flori(k\ durim: the
next century was far fi'om monotonous. The
Indians killed tlu> Spaiuartls anal the Spaniards
killed tlie Indians in laUaliatiom Or, maybe, it
was the other wa\' alneat. In Ib.'N an outbreak
resulted in a ])uniti\'e e\pe.litio:i airain-t tlie Apa-
lachete^, and a larire naunber (^\ pris(Uier< were
briuiirht back to the setih nier.t atid put to work
on the forts, the\- or their de.-cen.dants remalnimr
as sla\'es t'oi- si\tv vears. Tti U>47 there were
40
LKT'S: no TO FI.riKiDA!
about tliree hundro'l fain ill.-- in tlir town. In
1665 the pirate Davis ina.l. a call and lia' irar-
rison retired to the woods. Davis tnnk what he
I wanted. I.^irn^d as much of the town a^ was burn-
able and ruidi/kfd niV a-rain.
/
CHATTER IV
AXD AFTKK
Fff.tjxo hotwoon Tnnc^li?]! and Spanish crrr-w
nion^ Mttt'i". and iii l*)7*i. in I'rtahat ii»]i I'.^r the
cdiitinnt'd attack nn Snani-li -hips hy Knirli^li
pirates, tlic Spain^li niai'ch.cd (»n tha^ Enirlisli col-
ony Tioar wliat is ti<v,v rliarlcstom h)nt. tindinir tin'
dcf(nid(TS too wa'll orit rcncln'*], rntnnnvl witliout
attackiiiir. T^atcr tlu'v sackc*] and dostroved set-
tlcincTits on TN)rt Koyal Island.
Juan Martpicz Cabrera \nok over tln^ irovern-
nicnt of tin' tcinntoi'y (^f Florida in IboO, or th.crc-
abonts, winch np to that tinn.* had b.M-'ii vt^sted
in the Mcn-'nidc/' family, and in M^92 sent an ex-
]>lo]-atinn i^artv to c\])h)rc th.c wtc^tern ct^a^t. A-
a rcsnlt the \-i1hn:c o\^ Pcni<acola was sub<cninMitly
fonndc(l. I'^roin the tini-' of F'eicc do I.-'oirs tirst
hMndiin: to ITi'ik close to t\V(^ hundred yc'ar<, S^pain
accomplished almost nothin.ir in the matter o[ set-
Henunit. M-'an\\hile tin' Inmrli^h celoni<N i'l th.e
rai'olina^ wrfe pro-]*' ininr and i!!cT"easi!n: yeaT"ly
in strciii^th and nnmbri-^, and in 1 70'J, bniLrlaTnl
and Spain then bcimr at war. (bnwmnM' Moon> of
Soiitli (^arelina titted ont :\u r\ned;*ien to caieiiro
St. AnufU^tine Ii c(wt Sicith ("a^'oli'ia -'\ *^'e
en
sand ponnd-- and re viilt,>d m t
^1
h.e
< < ni ! ' ! ^
v>f the
• fi
•J
I
42
LKT'S (lo To FLoinDA!
first paprr money to appear in ilii> country. The
attack, apprnaciung tiit- Spani-h >l rontrliold liv
lan.i anil --a, laid siege to tli^' nrw >t()ne fort of
San Marro, into \\liicli the town-p.'oplt' had Hod
with tli^'ir ni<A-af-lr possr<>i()ns, hut after a
month's inve^tmL'nt wltu ohliir.-d. <'()inci(h:'nt with
the arrival of two nnomy >!iip.v, to retire after
hTirnini: th- town. T!i»-ir ha>tr was so great that
they ahandontMl thtir tran>purts, stores and nm-
Ilitir)n>.
In 171^ the fecenu of e(»!it!ic^ -liiftcd to I^ensa-
cohi. AVar havin^r hr-on <hM-Iarfd hftw.-m France
and Spain, ]\.r^'^' -~hip-^ from M.)hih' siirpriscl the
^^■l^rison at Pensacohi and took thn r.'crntly
rr^'ct^Ml fort. La^■I• it was r^'tak^n hy the S{)anish,
and, in the' tMHowmg year, once more ca[)tiired
hy thn Fr-n-li who. imai^h- to .<par.' sullicicnt
troops to h-M i\ hiirn.-d it p. tie- Ln'oimd. "When
p-ace was restor-d in ]7_'_> p..;,>a.-ohi was n-
turn'jd lu Si'aiii. ('ontinnf.] and LM-owim,^ enmity
between the KnL^i^h and th.- Spani.^li at h.'ni^^tii
resulted in the exp*-di';,,r] oi' (;o\ai-nor ( )ir]rthorp('
"f ^'h-or-ia at^'ainst 8t. An-n^tin.'. Oi^h'tliorpe
-'^'* ■"' •' -Jv.n a pa'. -it in \7:V2 an*! had Imilt a
fort al Ih-ed' rjra, on the Altamaha Ri\rr, in tcr-
rJN)rv r.pdm. d f^>- Spain. Ant iripat imr an ofTm-
M\e by the Spanish, !o]h,uin- ih*- failure of an
*'tfo.'-t toward arbitratio.-n n-hthorpc h-.i f(»ur
l'i:.<ln<l -ohJiers and 8ev<ial hand^ of Creek In
dian.^ against the enemy, »ailii;g in a numh.u- of
AND AFTKR
43
small \-ess(T< in the s})rinLr of 17.">0. lie captured
several outpo-ts alouLC the St. .John'.- Kiver, rav-
aged the country ar(Uind St. Auirustine and finally
{ilaced three hatterirs on Anastasia Island and
commenced the homhardment of Fort San Marco
June lUth. Iron, liowever, pi'oved no match for
co(piina stone, and the cannon luills 'lid small
damage to the defenses heyond buryin^^ them-
selves in the walls. Une of Oi:lethor]ie's souve-
nirs is still to be seen imbedded in the stone. On
July 7th Spanish vessels approached and the
siege was raised.
In 17(i-, after peac«? had existed for fourteen
years under the treat v of 174^, war l»roke out
afresh and the Fn^dish captured Ilavami, cutting
St. August ine olT from its base o( supplies.
(Jreat Britain (dTered to exehamre Havana for
Florida and the Bahamas, the otTer was accei>ted,
and in 1 7h:) Spain's ])ossessio!is on the coTitinent
o)i North Amiudca ])assed to tht> enemy. Many,
indeed nearly all, of the Spanish reslvients of
Idorida remo\-ed to Fuba, lu some case^ destroy-
inir or defai-inir their homes before leavinu:.
Kngland set to work with a will to coloniz.e her
new possession, and in 17r'*> the tirst attempt at
colonization on a larire >eale was made h.y Andi-ew
Turnbull, who bi-ouudit a ban-d o{ tiftiuei hundred
(Ireeks to a loealit> -ome eight)' miles soiitli of
St. AuLTU.-line, whieli he named Nrw Sm\ rr>a, for
the purpo.se ot" gr(>\\ ing indige>. Koad> were built
44
LKT'S no TO FT.OinDAI
MR
i:
and both West and Ea^t Flurida. in'o whidi the
territory bar] hcnv. divi^lor] for })in'jM..-t'> ni a(hiiiii-
i>tration, enjoyed an era of pros|M'riiy and quiet
which continued until liio h. iriniiinLr ot" tlio luvo-
lutionary War. Fur lliai inait.-i-, tlio war can be
said lu haye interfered but linlo with tho normal
life of the Floridas, for tin- inlialutant- wero al-
most iiivarial'ly loyalists and war it>elf iie\Tr
penetrated wiiliin tL^ borders saye on two occa-
sions. Aftt-r Spaiii had oi;i-»- iiinrf lTmu*' to \\'ar
with Greal iiritain in \77\K D.- (ialvz, then (Jov-
ernoratXew < Orleans, led an expedition into W'.m
Florida, then compose<l of Louisiana and {)ait<
of bordering states, and took :=u\eral forti{i<-a-
tions. Later, in 17.51, he made a second \i>it an<I
took possession of Pensacola. The lat'.r in\aM(.n
consiiluted Spain's last act of aggre.-dnn on this
continent.
Haying lost L-r other colonies lu ihe New
\\ urld, Great Britain had <mn]] m-^o for flie Flor-
idas, and in 17^.3 they were ceded ba- k to Spain.
Seyeral years later Sp:,!,-! j.;i..,,i \\',..t I'^lori(bi
o'. 'I ' l-'rance, retainini^ only so mu<li of tin- ter-
ritory as lay east of liio i'eididc. h:iver, the jiivsciif
boundary between Florida aiid ALd.ima. Th.n,
three years later still, came th. l.ui;i.Iana Pur-
chase, bringing with it the pt.J-hnj .,f wIhfv
United States ownershi]; h.■^^,;, ;,!.,1 Sp.midi
ownership left off. Spain still claim, d W . M
Florida, while the United States consid. r. 1 it a
' I
AND AFTER
45
part of tlic Loui.-iana ])nrc]iase. An effort to |)nr-
cliase the diispuled territory met with failure In
1^10 troops wore sent t(» Wot I'lorida to pro-
tect it from aiTLrres.-ions of b()ih F^ranco and (ireat
l^ritain. Subscniuent to tlie War of l^ll!, the
necessity of acquirinir East Fh^rida became thor-
ouirhly a[)parcnt to the Enited States. The terri-
tory had become the rendezvous of pirates, rene-
gades, fugitive slaws and hostile Eidians, and the
Spainsli (JoveriiMr was uttei'ly iinah'le to cope with
a situation which, especially durin^r tlie recent
war, had caused the Enited Stat.'< intinile tr<M.ilde.
(;onsc(iuently, on July J7, l^E-, (E neral (Eunos
crossed into Spani.-li territory and captured^ tle^
f(.rt oil Amelia Island at Apalacliicola. ( )]hmi hos-
tilities ensued, and a yt>ar laN-r Andrew Jaci<<<v.i
led his forces iiT.o the t !-'e,i]i!ou< territory. X.^ar
bake Miccusukc, just over tl;.' line frorii Georiria,
h," found thf fr.-^h scalps of three Inquired men,
women and children. He took swift veui^eance,
hanLrinir >e\-eral ^Eccosukee chi.'f<. Inn-nin:: tlie
\illaire and e\-e!i e\ocnti!n: two Ean^lislimeTi wlio
he found iruilty ot' -upplyin^r the Indians witli
arms and fomenfiuL: tn.>uMt,>. For the latter
^ome\\hat di'a-'ic actne^ lie foun.d him<eE^ in J.i<-
favor at Wasiiiaglon. lli^ co'idiu-t was ih<-
' ' i- success lari^tE nul'itied and he nar-
row ly e--cap
fd cen-ure at !h<' !"-t iira' ion ol i 'ai-
houn. llnWi'Xf!-, Spaii; w a - n- v-mtik'h^ i\u\ un with
her propi'rt) h\ now, and in l^TJ, mi payment
y
4G
Ll'rr'.S GO TO FLOinOA!
AND AFTER
47
f
t
of (lamaL^o- inflir^~M] cm Fiiltt'il S^tafcs commerce
estimated at ti\ .■ millions dollars, ced.'.j W,->t and
ha-t l-';<»ri(la to this country. Thereupon (reiieral
JacKson \\a> appointed Military (iovenioi' of the
new Territorv,
Troul^h' With the Seminoles confinned. These
N^ Indians —th" word Srminole means ''out haw'' —
mu>t not h,. eonfuMMl with the original native in-
habitants of hdorida. Tie' latter, aecordini: to
the aeeomits of tho oarly explorers, were a par-
ticularly tie.' racf, iutelliLr.'nt, s.'lt'-i'f^peet iiiir. diir-
nitit-d. MT.,p at h.ast liefore the desiirns oi' the for-
eii::. inwel-rs hfcamt' known to them, eourteous
and lri-nd!y. Of stalwart huild, liLrht eomplexion,
frequontly faHnner], tla-y were an airricultural
I'^'^'i'J''' al'ho!;-!! wli.ii necessity called they
]>r(>v^-[ th'-mselyes hold na\dL^a^»rs and coiir-
a-'-ou.^ ti-hters. Th- S.-minoh'S had their oriLdn
j\viieii, in 1703, the MnLrli.^h drove tie- Creek Xa-
'i'vm from t]ir-ir lioldin^r^ farther north and many
of th.- Indians • rinL^rat.d to Alabama and Florida.
About thr- same lim.- <ii->.-n-ion< amoinx the Ala-
bama hv.hiih>. rc-iub-d in the secession of a larij^e
number of fhem and th<-ir invasion of north cen-
tral b.'-rela. I'honi tie- ^'arolina- came a scat-
tern.- o!" N'-massees. To thi-^ mixture was added
as t;jiM- went on man\ n-'^^'ro.'^ uTo had escaped
i'runi tiicir ma.-.lers, an occa-ional captive or vol-
Tinteer fre.m a surroinidiMi' tribe and a certain
i'-a-verdnL' ol whites; and, also, uhat was h;ft of
the native I'loiuda Indians after their strength
had been broken and their numbers decreased by
the Spanish. \Vithi]i the century the Seminoles
^vere to be found in all ])arts of the state, and of
the Florida aboriirine no trace remained. The
total number of thes(^ 'M)utlaws" at the time of
Spanish withdrawal was believed to be close on
iive thousand, of whiOi |)erliaps one thousand
were neirroes. Althomrh the name of Osceola is
that i)rominently associated with tlie Seminole
Wars, yet it was another who prepared the
ground for him. l-]arlv in the (dirhteentli centurv
Alexander McGillivray, half-breed chief of the
Oreeks, formed an alliance with Sp»ain to clieck
the ti(h^ of innniirration then commenciui^: to tlow
into southern (Jeorgia and Floidda and, aided by
ih(' Flori<la tidbes, waged warfare for some years
against the settlers.
J)oubtless tii^hting the Seminoles was hard
enough, but think what it must have been to at-
tempt to jironouna'c their names; such names as
Chitto Ihi.steemuirLree, C\it sha-I'ustmuij:i:ee, Gaha-
Ilad.jo, llola-ata-mico, (lahaemai-tla-Cliupko and
Mokehisshelarni ! Xo wondei" the war lasted so
long. It's suHicientl}- dithcult to catcdi up with
a foe who doesn't want to be cauirht up with
wdien you are <juite ceiiain of his name and can
sa\' it nonchalant !>■, but imairine stopping: on
the march to make iiKjuii-irv t'.>r ( Jaliaemartla
Cliupko I ( )f cour>e (J. i'. w ould add a couple more
I t
f
48
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA:
-rl
-fi
miles to his lead while jou wore sfrncrirlnifr with
his name. SometiiiM'- ,1 chi.-i' \va< aniiahh^ enough
to answer to a nickname, riihrr lu wliittl.' down
the uad^, a Lit ur in the interests of ooononiy. and
Arpiiiki wn- known n- Sam Jonfs and ( 'uacooclice
as Wild (.'at. I'lit no niaitcr wliat tlicv were
called, the\- dddn't cmim,., and tlifv didn't b.'liavc
and not until l^LL', at'ttT many coni'erenees liad
been held between thein and tlm covornnnnt, was
a treaty at last negotiated —la rircly 1»y nu'vclon
— with fifteen of their nunilMr. who, as |)rt'<(ntlv
transpired, di-I not speak wiiji authority for the
j bahmce of ihfir IriLu. h'y thi.^ treaty tho Somi-
■I; noles were to be romnved, jork, sfo.-k and harrel,
j! to a reservation in Arkansas. Two years more
passed, liowever, h.-lor.- tho troaty was ratiliod,
;^-'l ^-y '--''^ ^i^^''' inany of thf Indians liad ex-
perienced a change of heart and affaii's drau'-Lrerl
along thronirh a third ya.r. AVIion the irovern-
ment would have j-u* tho treaty into elToef it was
found that a lare:e ma.jority of tlio Soniinolos, in-
eluding the negroes, the latter particailarly op-
posed to the plan, would ha\-e nnue (.}' it. Those
.who w-ro in favor oi' a\-oidinu'' ti-ouhle with tlu^
ir''\-'!-nment gathere<l a< Fort P)rnoke, wliere
Tarn[>:. ',mw standi, wkil,- th.- r.-t, under the lead-
fr.-hi]j ol (i.-.eeola, prepared to ro.^isf.
^-ceola — the word m-an< f?i<inL'' Sun — was the
offspring of an English t'ad-r aud a woman of
the Red Stick tribe of the Creek Xation. Born
AND AFTER
40
in Oeoriria, about 1800, he removed as a youth
lo tile neiLdikMrliood of Fort King, now Oeahi,
fdorida, and niarrio.I a s^piaw w lio was a descend-
ant of a fugiti\e skive. AVhen (ue' day <)>(-(M)]a
took his wife to visit tlie trading station at F(^rt
King she was seized and returinnl to slavery.
()seeola, ei'a/.e(l witli Lrrief an<l anirer, made des-
|)erate attempts to resiuie jier, laU failed. Nat-
urally, liis liking for the white men was not
strenirthene<l hy tliat ineident, and he was always
one of the hitt»u'e<t op])onents to the government
j.lan of remo\al. When ordered hy (huieral
Wdlev Thompson to place Ids nuii'k on the emi-
gration li-t he instead slashed the docamieut with
Ins knife, and for punishment was ]iut in eliains
and imprisoned in Fort Kimr. In order to olttain
Ills free(lom he riirret-d to irathor one hundred wai'-
rioi's and briuLT them to General Thompson to
siirri the paper. At liberty, however, although
he gathered his waiu'iors, it \Na- with no intentir)n
of havinir them siirn the emigi-ation list, and lie
di>ap]»eare(l for some time.
Actual hostilities in the Second Seminole AVar
began in June, H.'lo, when a party of Indians were
apprehendeil hutelie'riuLT a stolen lu'cve and were
llo^'-t'-ed on the siiot. Two Indian liUCiters wit-
nesse<l the lloLru'inLT and tii'ed uii tlie white men
witli the result that t\\«) Indians and ouc wlilte
were kllh'd. A little lat.-r a dr-pateh la-hu- on
his wav from Fort Brooke to Fort King, the only
II ^
5^J
LKT'S GO TO FLORIDA!
irarri>()ris thru inaiiitaiiKMl in the whole state, was
shut to duatli and \i\< hody hidden in a swanij).
Tho first ronsidt'rahh' atTair, however, came on
Di'crnihfr L'^th, l^:;o. when rrLrnhir troops to the
mmilu'r of oie- hundred and ten, in comniarid of
Major Dade, were lired on from anihnsh close to
the W'llhlaoooehee "River, about midway between
Forts Brooke and Kinir, and exterminated almost
to a man. Fnaware that hostilities had heLrun,
tile command had takm no precautions beyond
loadinir th-ir Lnms, and the sudden attack of the
enemy, numb.'rin'j- elo>r to two hun<Ired and led
by Chief Jumper, eamr as a total surprise. Ma-
jor Dade aiKJ about half of his men fell at tho*
lir-t vnlh-y. Tlh' others rallied, dreive the In-
dian- fr«.ni (■o\-.-i- ;in(l tle-n erreted a breastwork
of tr»-*'> from b.-hind which they fired until tho
last of tht-ir numltcr hnd lifrn kilh-d. l->ut two
member-; of th*- oxpt-dition survi\-."d. One,
woun.hMJ in th.' tir-t '-ni-onnter, bi-i!)tMl his ca})tor
to reb-a-*- him, !a\- liidd^n in the palm.'tto scrub
until darkn- -- and then crawled nt'arlv sixtv miles
baek *M b\,rr i^,fooke on hand< and kn.'cs. The
second >i;r'.i\or wa- a n»-irro Lniidf who, knowim;;
^vha♦ wa- Ni happen. ab-^'Hicd him-t-lf from the
iorce belorehand and r'-rnain-MJ uninjure*]. When
hostilities b..[ran he joii^.-d th.' Indians and took
par' m t!..- massacre.
That -am<- day, at V'>v^ K'inL', n^c'ola struck
LL-i biuw. WiUi a .-.core ol Miceo.-ukce warriors
AND AFTER
51
he watched the fort until, after the midday meal,
(ieneral Thomj)son and a lieutenant left it to
walk to the sutler's store, about a mile distant.
Tlie Indians, concealed in the woods, fired and
killed botli men instantly. Tliey then went on to
the store, killed five otliers there, robbed and set
fire to the buildinc:. Tidinirs of the two events
astounded and dismayed the country, and war,
one of the costliest in lives and money in our his-
torv wlien the end to be attained is considered,
besj:an in earnest.
General Winfi<^ld Scott took the field aeainst the
forces of Osc(H)la in 1S:]() with nefrative success,
and Avas followed by Govinnior Call, whose vigor-
ous tactics drove the Indians into the southern
part of the stat(\ A year later tlie rebellious
S(^minoles airain consente(l to the exodus only to
once more reconsider. Durinir the neirotiations
Osceola was taken ca])tive In- the Ignited States
forces and imprisoned in Fort Moultrie, on Sul-
livan's Island, opposite ('harleston, S(nith Caro-
lina, toufetlK^r with his second wift^ and ht>r child.
There, in January, l^.'vS, })cinir ill an.l refusintr
medical aid because he feai'e(l i^^ison, he arose
from his palh^t, dresstMJ himself in chieftain's
,ij:;irb, and, airain la>iin: himself down, died within
a few minutes. He was burii^l outside the fort,
whiM'e a monument now stands {o his memory.
1di(* loss of Osc(M)la's leadership did not, how-
<n'er, deter his follow. 'T's from continued resist-
ance to the militar\- authorities. Desultory fight-
FDORIOA STATir UBH^»=^>
52
LET'S Liu T(j IXUIUDAI
\
ing went on for three year- liiLrt r, tlic TndiaTis
hiding in the Everglade:., iiurn wiiLiici' th* y came
forth at intervals on sudden and stealthy raids.
All efforts to dislodge them from that wilderness
were unavailing until, in 1^41. (_\)l()ii(l Worth took
command of the niilitar\ and, after conduct iiiic a
campaign which cost thousands of lives and an
immense amount of money, tinally succeeded in
penetrating the fastness and comp. lliuLC the en-
emy to surrender. The government liad i)lace(l
a bounty of five hundred dollars on Indian war-
I riors, three hundred on women and two huiHlied
on children, something Avldeh ma\ li i\e expedited
the pursuit. When, at P>ii: Cyiir.-.s Swamp, a
small detail of soldiers on scon d ml: ilnty surprised
a party of Seminoles -md took captive eiLdit^Hni
men and women it is jn'ohalde tli.it tic Indian-'
astonishment w^as no greater tk an that of tlie
soldiers, for the occasion was the (uily one oeeur-
ring during the long warfar<- wicn tli' <nrpri-inu^
< was not done by the s,!\aL''-! One of the pris-
oners taken was UUi 'i'oujrny, and h.- and hi< foiir-
teen-year-old son w^ere -'it i.. I- Ci t My, rs. The
boy later escaped, and ho keen ua- Old Tonim\ 's
chagrin that he committed 'li- i i. I y < .itinir ^da-s.
Colonel Worth's campai;/n lin;i!i\ end.'d tfi,. Sem-
inole War and all save a u-w liiifnlicd ,,r tlie
suMued foe were removed to I!m Indhm Tcril
tory. A recent estiniat- nf th.- nnnil)er of Semi
noles now in Florida places it it ;doiit si vm
hundred, but it is likely tiial ihu uri^inal uiimher,
ANd) AFTl-d{
53
immediately -uk-e^ueut lu ike exodus, was much
smaller.
Florida became a state in 1845. In I8f^1 ^ho
joined with the otjier sonth-rn commonwralihs
in seceding fmm the Union, and Si. Aujru-tine,
Fernandina and Pensaeola. in 1^02, and Jackson-
ville, in lS(k^., Wi-re capture.] k.y X^'nion forces. A
year later an attempt to inva-le tlie interior faik'd
wlien Northern troo])s were defeated at Olustee,
some fifty miles west of Jack-o]ivilIe. Siik^.-pieut
to tke restoration of ])«'ace a new state irovern-
meni was oriraniz'-d an<l a ]n-Mvisi(V,ial -overiK^r
look oilice in l^lio. Florida remain-*] under mil-
itary rule until l^lN, wken the elector^ ranti-d
a lU'W state cons!ituti(nn For maT:y year- tli--'
<:rowth of the state was slow but <t.'ady, its p<^s-
Mkilities as a re-ion for the irr.nvinir of ^ci^-us
crops irainimr incrra-iriLr reeniridtion and k<ri!ii:ing
each year new si'ttler> frmn adjoiidng states—
])articulai'ly (leor-ia and Alakanni— and ivom the
North. The fame of it< climaN^ lik.'wi<e at'racs^d
both viMtors and st>ttler<. (\\tMtak a^ t'r<t ex-
tremely warv of tlie South.. fodi)w,M]. Fkiirler
brom^ht the lowrr east coa<^ o( die ^^a^^ i'lto
])rnminence by the buildin-- o\ I'i- raid-oad. a'ld
Flant performed a like service for tlie western
])art of the ].eniiiMila. ITot*^l> arose witli !>iu-h-
roomdike ciTaatN and e'her e!!lenu-ives <-\'-ted
up. .About 1^^'^ a !
'W
'd \ a ■-! --ourv't' o t re\a
'nue
came te liLi-ht with the di>covcry of [Cio-;^!iate
York (h'[)0--its.
1
CHAI'TF.R V
GEOGRAPHY AM) VLAST LIFE
Because of its peculiar outline Fimida has liccn
i.fiened to a pistol, the peninsula I'unniiiLr the
Lttt, the western stretch of tho ?fato the harrol
rtA X.issau County, which jogs up !:;:() (nonria
along the coast, the trigger. T}.' i» -x-inhhiiK'*' is
strong, and especially so \vh<'ii th" outline ot' the
state is reduced to }.;-*'.! ^izu a6 it Is on tlic
rriotor license plates. It wa^-- fho siL^it of sucli
a plate on the !•■ ar of a I-'N.ri'hi car passinic
through a northern to^\Ti w}.!. ]i auak.'iM'd in on.'
beholder recollections of a ni": *h ^p. nt in a hiirh-
priced East Coast hostelrv ajd .,, n^.d him to
announce dryly: **I know v, !,m'-. ;•, that autoino-
bile. It's the fellow \\]:n j:i!.~ t},, hot.) (h)\vn
there where I stayci '" Iluwovrr, ll' it sorn<'tiin«'s
happens that a P^lorida 1 ^-^ ! jnupi i. tor niota-
phorically holds a pistol to the h. i 1 oi" a lmk st,
the state itself cannot be a''!i-.(i of scri on six-
threatening the rest ^f' t!..- count r\, ^incf, with
the pistol pointing as it <lr,' -, an cxplo-ion x^ouM
do no more than fuiuov. a neat swuMa; ihrouLdi
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and !< vn^- Ilit
I bullet would miss California (utirely, rrgi . t tnhh ,
since it was a (.aliforuia/j v.\.<> .-ai(J of i'lornhi:
i 64
GEOGKAPIIY AND PLANT LIFE 55
*'Tt's T^ncle Sam's appendix, and only God Al-
niiirhtx' kn()\v> i;-^ i)ur])Ose!"
Aiurc rccuiith' a mur^ puiilu if no iess facetious
person referred to the pfato a? *' Uncle Sam '3
chin uhi-kers." A glance at the map) will reveal
the appropriateness of the simile. But pistol.
\auuni I orni a| •] mij li \
or chin whi
kt-r^:
Florida I
TiiL-re she ^land.-^' Uulv it wuuld be l'»''ttcr to
resist t]io femptntion fn prtraphrase a ^L^-sacliU-
setts !>tatc>nian, ;ind -.i\ : •" Inhere she lies !" For
wlicn a state persists in keeping as close to sea
h'\«'l a< Fh)rida thh <, aiivl i< nowhere more than,
about four hundred feet high, it i- dirneul: to
thiTik of it as -tandinsr.
hdori'hi i> ae'ci* 4~ii^ ni;'''< i:: length, nor"]! to
south, a! 1 at its broadest and norther:: wi.i^ii
i> ^onie lif'\- Tnile> le^s. 1: had a:: area oi
58,1)00 square ip/des a ft^v vears ai!;o, makanjj: it
■h
sect till
hir_:est slate east of the Miss:
.s:prn
K'iNtr. L>nt ^.) much submorired :i!'ei ! :a< been
ai;d i> b,ii;_r reelaimed tha' \\''.> kn^nx^ 'e:' '!:aL
\er\' .sliorllv il wul be ihe Uuxesl .' A: present
it equals fln^ C'-nnbinod nre:\s (>^' Nkw York,
\Liv>achn-e!'^ a"; { Ivhodc Islanob bdorida also
boa-!s, aiid with piddc, the longest eoast Inie ot
a!i>- -s!a!r; a i a a o \ lUiatolv 1,150 miles, ''\-yK]\ 'd'e
er on the north, down aloiii:
the
St. \Li! \ \ \li\
Aihiniu c.'i^i, around the tip of the peniii>:i'.a,
bac'u np ici di iJult' coast and tinall\ \Ne>'\s-i'd
t^' the l\ id.vlo. And if the shuie Lues ol the
--r
r
I'*
ub
lA-VrS GO TO rL(d:il)A!
/
\arious islands and keys, \\l\^-]i are so iminrTous
that no one yet knows the exact numi - r nf tin m,
were added on — well, one can only gUL\-,s at tin"
result. Florida i- tlio nio-t -mithorly of th(>
states, Tampa. l>i',-r a.[i|)i'(i\iiiia!rl\- i!rhl\\a\\ 1)0-
in.tr x'liit' li\'t' hua'lrf'l niilf^ ia'ai"fr thf c'luator
tiiaii San L)iL'go, ralil'"riiia. Ha- cast cape of
Capo SaMo is tho sou' h-'riiinost pnint of tlif inaiii-
laijl of the United States. Kry AVo>t Ik-s about
tliir*\ ii\'f niiif- Im^Idw ( 'a{)o Saldo. ^
The .Fi')!-i<la peninsula mw,.> ip^ cxistouco to
a folding uf the onrth's i-ru-t at a rrinota iraoloLri-
cal porind ^^y ^^'l.i'•ll a lai''_r«' phitcia was I'aisctl
I'roin the ocean i'-h.!'. Tlii- ]ilat»'au i> i-ouLrhly
three liuudrcMl miles in lontrth ai^i widtli, >lo])inir
abruptly on throe sides to aby-inal drpths. Tho
highe>t-t portion of the plateau i6 along tiio uastfiui
edge, em^r-iririL^ frnm the sea as tlio Florida pouin-
suau a:.d -Li- r^-presents about <inf hall' of it-
wj.bh. Tlif low.'r half oi' ih'' p^uiiii-ula i> of
more recent growth Mian thf up])'U\ but tlio sui'-
face of the state as a wliolo is conipai'at ixdy new,
datin'_r back a'-era^lirio- fo rrrM">]n(ji>-i - no t'urther
than *1m' rpp<-r h'ocene p- rind. Still later, ab>out
tlir (i.i\- In^for.' \(*ster<lay tn -p^ak Lrcoloirieally,
there \va.^ a '-TeUeral -ub-iM.,.!ict' df tlo' entire
poTiiTisuln, tlit' Inwr^r yiortioii I'l'oni the reirioii
of ba'o' ' )i<(M-ci;()bee south — sinkinu" b.low tlie sur-
face. Thi< sunken ar- a \\a< lat-u- built up airaiu
under water, a.> the roek at tot.-, for all u\er tlu.'
X.
O
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
56
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
various islands and keys, which are so numerous
that no one yet knows the exact number of them,
were added on — well, one can only guess at the
result. Florida is the most southerly of the
states, Tampa, lying approximately midway, be-
ing some five hundred miles nearer the equator
than San Diego, California. The east capo of
Cape Sable is the southernmost point of the main-
land of the United States. Key West lies about
thirty-five miles below Cape Sable.
The Florida peninsula owes its existence to
a folding of the earth's crust at a remote geologi-
cal period by which a large plateau was raised
from the ocean floor. This plateau is roughly
three hundred miles in length and width, sloping
abruptly on three sides to abysmal depths. The
highest portion of the plateau is along the eastern
edge, emerging from the sea as the Florida penin-
sula, and this represents about one-half of its
width. The lower half of the peninsula is of
more recent growth than the upper, but the sur-
face of the state as a whole is comparatively new,
dating back according to geologists no further
than the Upper Eocene period. Still later, about
the day before yesterday to speak geologically,
there was a general subsidence of the entire
peninsula, the lower portion — from the region
of Lake Okeechobee south— sinking below the sur-
face. This sunken area was later built up again
under water, as the rock attests, for all over the
X
y.
>i
GEU(}RAfMIV AM) TLAXT LIFE 57
]<'V>fr uiiJ ui
I n i ^
]»<'!iinsiila ar.' hod< of wat
er
linic^toriP: fho *' Miami 1
ea-t ('(.a.-t, the
til
;<)
ml
Miami linh\<toiit^" of tliu soiitli-
Lostnian's Kiv.-r limestone" of
iwest coa.^t and tjj,' KveiMrlades. AVhil
tin' tip of tho mainland was l)uildin<r tli«
e
present
coral reef knowii as the ]/p}K'r Keys was also in
process of formation. Fo]h3wed at a still more
recent time— ycstmlav, to eontinne th
le L^eoloiriea
•t\i(' — an (']
mer
1
t'Vation, thrnstinir the previouslv sub-
til
tl
'■d ])ortion ul'
I
!it' peninsula onct' more into
<' air and presentinir to view— oidy, of course,
lerp was no one to virw it— Soutli Florida verv
miK'h as we know it to-day. Other lesser sul)s[-
oIo\-a:ioiiv occurrod without trreatlv
( it ' n (• < ' s
.•dt.Tinir th.' topiography of the section, and ])y the
a. 'lion (»f wind and wa\-.' the coastal islands were
.Lrradually fdin^.d niul th.' tiny coral builders ])er-
foniiod thrii- slow and ]iationt work on the Kevs.
^ b'nci'all}' <pt'aki]
('o\-('?-inL'' ol
m
, Fl
1 o\Tr 1
"I'iila consists of a t
o
sand \v\ir]\ !\)n!i<i noiih of th
most one oi- clav. Thi
P
on^
of t
1
ila is
sil
t'Xti-eme southerly
iccous, formed of
'piartz i-ock. <u- ot" older i-ocks, fai" to tl
war
;ni(
1 d
*'])():
le north-
;ted in it- promt h^cation bv the
ri\-fi's of the Appalaehi
m niountains or tossed up
bv the soiithwai'd oeeaii current and distributed
landwaT'd b\- tl
lo win<
]<. I
nd
mi\»
1
plact
1:
OAvever, thi
I 1 w It 1 1 (
The Iwaeh
'- (if t
as th
d ad
mt.'Ln-atcd limestone rock.
li<' tip of the peninsula, as well
e soil adjacent, are composed of tinv fra
(r.
58
s CI) TO FLORIDA!
D n ri '
TTifMits of shell and coral. The popular n
that the state consists of only sand and s\\anip
is im! f;,r w r,.iig. What is not always a}ii»rt'*'iattNi
is tht' i'act that the sand, when combined \\ith
siinliirht arni mni^fnro, will frmw about evorything
that t an i'r 1:1 twn anywhere, and that the swanip
whtii hai: ' i becomes soil as rich and jin Ini tive
a:; tli'j iamuLi- lands of the Nile valley. Thf ii to-
neons belief that Floridn coritnin^ n lariro nTiiount
of worthless land has long existed; even I'Nnid-
ian- ha\a' h. h] it. The plain truth, however, is
thuit, althouu:h I'^htrida has a lt* at.!- iMTcmtaLre
ul undeveloped territory than any stale t'a>.t of
tbp "Rnr'kio^^. ^nrh a thing as worthless land dors
not <'\ist. The most unprnnn-jnu'' Inokinir sti* ^ h
of (li'v sand iiKiv he capahh^ of ])i'0(liiciiiL'' tho
tinrst ,Lrrap'':'i'nit or craiii:''-, ih*- nio-t hop.'lrss
appearing swamp may be converud lulu amaziiiLr
triir-k hT^il Even the -bnllnv,- d*" posits nf -ami
on thf K('ysai:i] along the hiw-r coast, ^v]it•r^' liino-
stone outcrops continually, will raise won<h!ful
pinoappih.'S. There is no plnee where somulhing
at h a-t will not grow and grow remarkably well.
The lan^l i- not always read>' f'^v fb" lian-ow;
Mtin'- ni' i' iin-^ h,^ <:rained; some ol' it u\u<\ bo
chare i of forest or palmetto scrub; and oitlar
upcration (lumands patience and labor and o\--
ppTi=;n. h'>ut, once ready for planting, the land will
reward the toiler.
Although it has been stated Ilia! tlic soil is
(;K(HdlLVi'ilV A\l) i^LAXT LIFE 59
generally sandy, yet there are many xariLtits
thioughout the state, eacli luivihg liualiUc:. mak-
ing it especially valuable for certain purposes ; as,
for instnTiop, the red clay lands of the nonhcrn,
or mainlan(i, portion, Avht-re cntton, corn and to-
bacco are staple crops: the stretch of country
m the n.-i^rpp,,,.p,,,„j ,,,• il^i^-Qi^g^ where white 1)0-
tato grows prudigiou-ly — and to tlie extent of
nearly one million bushels a season; the land in
('(M'tain sections of Maihon ("ouiity, as well as
in other ])]aces tlirouirhout the state, where the
orange reaclie:^ perfection. The clay lands just
montionod dosorvo a wnrrl mor(\ That ])ortion
of them known as tJie K\m1 Hills of Leon is fairly \
uni'jue. It covers an estimated territoi\v of three
hundi'ed aiid torty S(piai-e mib's on all sides of
Tallahassee, the state capital, and is ])e(ailiar to
itself ns rojrnrds gpoloiry. soil. t<'poirraphy and
vegetation. Jefferson and Madison Counties, to
the ea-tward, situated in tiie Middle Tdoiada ham-
mock Itelp sliow an occa.^ioiial small area of sim-
ih'ir character, Init nowliere else in the Lnitod
States, nor, ^ay geoloiri-t^, in the w<»rld, does a
like area (^xist. Even tlu' red hills of southern
(leoriria, while su]»ei'}icially similar, are funda-
mentally dilTereiit. This tirritory is rich in larire
lakes, bavimr Ibo rbnrncfpr of sinkdioles, in which
the watei" level is freakisli'y \ai'iable.
FloT'ida'- formation i- jMMMiliar in that nowdiere
is the coast more than seventy-iive miles distant,
60
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
a fact which has its bearing on climatic condi-
tions. Laid upon a limestone foundation, the
state is netted by innumerable undergir.uiil
streams which appear on the surface in almost
every locality in the shape of lakes and >i)iiiiL"<.
It is doubtful if all the form or am yof Txnnwn, l-ii1
some one has guessed their number as close to
thirtv-two thousand. In combined ana dax- form
about one-fifteenth of the state. The laii:' >t is,
of course, Okeechobee, somu 1,250 square mik'S
in area. Smaller, but by no means to ho sneezod
at, are George, Apopka, Kissimmee, IstnlpoLM,
Tohopekaliga, Orange, M'ccosukee and oih* is.
Of springs there is no end, of wliIi li !!•• li- -1
known are probably Green Cove, in Liay Ciuuily,
and Silver, in Marion County. Thern arp. Im^v-
/ ever, many more equally worthy of acqiiiiniaiH • ;
among them Espiritu Santo at Safety Tin ^oi, in
Hillsborough County, near where De Soto landed,
a spring which is said to possess curntive. o! ai
least palliative, properties for manv of tfio ills
to which we are heir. Some of these Bpiinir- are
of immense volume, as, for instance, Silv^ei, \\ liidi
have a flow of 3G8,000 gallons a mi hi' a a I ulii<li
generate the picturesque, winding r.tiiam known
as the Ocklawaha River Tlii'ai'djonf iIm Ia ^ r-
.:-dades the underground slr^Mra- fMiaiiatc 1lie
eroded lime rock and help s ipi '. ^'M v. a!( i that
in most seasons overlies thai inmiense tract. In
many parts of the state flowinir wells can \nt
nEnnKAPllV AXr* PLANT LIFE
Gl
secured !■>• -^iiig only a short di<tanfo into the
^namnd, whde deeper boring usually sii|.plies
water free from minn'al taste.
As tlioiiirli ilic miiiiiiiido of lakes and sinks and
all the many tinier ponds which result from tlio
rains of summor and somofimos 1a<t wud into the
foHowing spring were not sulhcient, Florii'ia has
anntla'T and immense area of water in la-r river-.
Thf'^r foi'in a v.aatahh' nttwairk over tja- whole
>tatt' and with th.ar Irihntar}- cr.M'ks an.d liranalios
add eoTisidoralily more tn \\]i:\\ mav ],a trrm-d
the statfV w^t.-r content. In tla^ mainlaTid ]'nv-
tion tia' I'ixaT- lie generally nouli and -ontli.
Tlu'Vi' ar." t!i(^ Escamhia, Chuetawatehee, Apa-
lachieohi, Oekloeknee, Aurilla, Steinhntehoo. an.d
JSuwaTiop. all of wliirli ]ai\-o t!a'']" oTairiTi a])ove the
stat( 's northern border and empty into the Gulf
of M.'xi,'... Dnwn thr AV.'st Coast the AVi'hhieoo-
cla'c, I*eaoe a.nd Caloo^^ahaiehee are the main
sti' am-, diaii, !!;■-: tin western slope of the penin-
"^"la aiid wiinliiiir iind twisting in a generally
westmai .lir.'.'t iiei to tlif (iulf. <^hi tla^ Ea-' Coast
the only eon-idm-ahlf ri\aa--, tlie St. Johrt'< a-d,
the Kis.-imm.'.', >trL'leh their h'nicths north and.
6onlli, thr latt.T rising in the lake of the same
Tiame and rmptxini:- into Lake < 'k-ehobee, and
tli<' St. J oil a V, wiMi ()>M perversity, having its
'"'■nlw ati I- la lo. \ard County, close io the sea^
and llowim;- northward almost to the horder of
the sfate, yowht^rr ii; its last seven fv five miles
I' t
62
LET'S; GO To FLORIDA:
i
\
oi tra\'el is it less than a miiu wide. Abovu that
stretch it is more than once six miles across. 1 1
is one of very few rivers in our count ly wliii h
iT.w i.MTtliwar*]. The St. John's is ii,i\ iLralflf I'nv
about \\\n hundred and fifty miles, an^i, -ince
heaJ\vatui\-5 and mouth aru uidy 6ume on^' Inia-
drofl and forty miles apart in n straip-Tit I in.', it
will br ii:iderstood that the stream doesn't ex;i< tly
ilow a- ihe crow flies! Two other ^'rivers" v.lii<li
may coine to mind, the Halifax and Indian, are
really sounds. These and >>imilar narrow ri\ .r-
like bndios of water follow the East Poa-t, with
an occasional interruption, all tl .• w.iy t'loin just
alM)ve St. Anirustine to several niih- hflow Palm
Beach, varying- in width fr.jin a iVactiun uf a
inilc to several miles, and include, besides the
Halifax and Indian, the Xoi-f]!, Afaf;ui7.a< and
Jnpit'T liivers, St. Lucie Sunnd and Lak-' Wnrth.
They are connected with the ocean by vaiious
narrow inl-i- through the island:^ and rci'l'> \\hi'-!i
contine thtm. Those guardian reefs begin airain
in tlie vicinity of Fulfoi'd, in T^ade County, in tlie
sliafM' of tka' In--! of the Florida Keys, and enclose
Biscayne Bay and Card and Ikariies Sounds. I'ut
now tho pi'utectud waters iiu luni^ur ha\-f' any
seniblan<t' to rivers, for Bi^cayno is a L'-ood ciLrht
niilo- ai !()ss at its widest.
Once ''around the corner," pa-l Cape Florida,
tilt' . nast loses its simple contoui- of long% irrace-
ful curve? and becomes all sort of mixed up and
GEOOKArilV AXB FLA XT LIFE
63
haphazard. Elliott's Key and Key Lariro, as well
as an assortment of smaller islands, stait the con-
fusion, and after that a bird's-eve viow of the
l»>nin-ula's end would show sn<}i a mixture of
keys and I'ock- and ^huals as to (hunit the })ravest
cartographer. Which is^ pro}ia])lv wliv, even to
this moment, inith-u- chart iior map exists on
^^■"fii^'h all th<' features of tho suuth and southwest
Idorida t-oast are to be found in tlieir correct po-
sitions—if found at all I Key Largo, the grand-
father of tliem all, swings down and (uit to the
southwo-t for soni.' tliii-fy milos, while the main-
land pioceeds practically due west in a series of
sounds and inlets and bays so confusing that even
the ciocodileb mu^i ha\e difficulty in naviirating
that shore. The Upper Keys end at a point
dirocfly south of Tape Sable, and some thirty
miles distant, and the intervening s]iace is Florida
Bay, a >!ualkiw -xpanse dotted with keys of all
sizes from nothing at all t(^ many acres. One
miirht easily conclndo that these had been left
o\"fr \'vn]n tl,r m;tin job and eliueked aside.
Once past the bold sand hea]) known as Cape
Sablr. coTit'u-ion again presents itself in the vicin-
it\' of the Ten Thou'^anfl Islands. It is esy)eciallv
tlai-e that tlie ma]> mrdvcr gives a load shriek of
d''>paii- and casts his iinjilrments into the sea.
Ao \\\n maps agree on the configuration of that
section ,,t' the coast. Starting at about the town
of Marco a!id following the mafnland as it dips
f^4
LET'S on To FL< >1MI)A!
to the southeast lies an unbroken chain of sand
bars scarcely deserving the name of islands. Fow
if any of these are above water at all tides, al-
though practically all are thickly irr-wn wi'li
TiKiMgrove, ^'black jack" ;i!i^] -iini'iir \vro< mikI
fturubs. The average width of iIk' chain is per-
haps eight miles. It finally teriniTintp- ^nnflnvnrfl
just north o^ Tape Sablo ii; \\].;t' i- called on smuk^
i!i;i})S the Shark River A i-''l:i[)flai:". H'-i-ralinnis
islands and iiia inlands (•••ni.' tM-.a]j,.i- ^o ('on'li.'t-
ingly that not uniii liiis portion oi the .stale has
been surveved with the ni'l <~»f nirp]nr.r'=: mn tlio
true shore line be determine*!. Indee^l, tlif sanio
i- true of the whole streti h <■!' the shoi-e a< far
a^ Marco. The island^ are ^:^^la!■a^■^l !■>• hnii'li-t'ils
of channels, wiMo (.r narrow, *!.■. p or sliallow,
through which the ovcrllow irnm tli.' Kv^ rLHades,
to the westwar 1, makes its f-cap<', and thmnLdi
which the tides sweep. Tlie aetion< ol' v/ind- ami
tides are continually alt. linL^ iL ■ tn|)OLri apli\',
wearing down old island, <, tInowinLr up law. al-
though the I'^-ocess is in tlif main a slow one.
Sona-hnos, however, al'tfi- a la'avy irale im'W clian-
ncl->> arc luuiad and <'ld ein.'< }ia\a' di-appearrd.
An interesting if somo^^llat inondtonous bit of
Florida; often attractive, a- ol't' n drpro-^incr.
The Gulf Coast is blessed wiih -. \. lal t xcrl-
lent harbors, conveniences far -care* r on tla dtja r
side of the peninsula. Charlotte JlarlM.i. Tampa
and Ilillsboro Bays, Clearwater TTarbor, Apahe li-
niannrAriiY axd pt.axt life 65
icola, St. Joseph's, St. Andrew's, ^t. Afirk's,
Choctawlaitrla . . Pensacola and Perdido Bavs are
strung at i!;S rxals alon^ the shore, and there are
uliifr natural liar bur- wanting only the drt'dges
to make tlifiii n^efnl. Long sand i-^lands which
]'ai'al!.'l the shore are not confined to tlit' Ka-t
Coa<t, fdi' they occur at several ])laees on the
\Vf-t a< w.'ll; laitahiv oiiposite and hrlow (liar-
lutte liarboi', in the \dcinity of Sarasota and
Bradenfr.Ti, off iho shore of Piindlas County, alxMit
Apaladiicola, aii<l, finally, otT Santa I\(^sa P<»nnty,
near the cxtrmie western end (^^ tlu^ state, where
Santa Kosa Island i'<)rnis an unhrokfii hai'ri*']' for
forty miles, a notable exam|)le of the iruardian
reef.
The plant lif.' of Florida is enormon-Iy int.-r-
estinL^ althoULrh it i> in the fxtia-mt' soutlieiai por-
tion of tho pL-nin-ula ai;d on the Keys that it
exists in LM'eafest waricty. 'N'orthwai'd thtu'e is
an appai'fut monotony to the natural irrowth o(
ti'ces and plants. Ida' Ioult P-af ])ine {Pi}iu.<
/"/^"^'/•/A) ()}' tl;>' Southoini statt'< liolds sway in
the "llat woods," x'ariuus oaks and a few other-
hai'ilwood t!"ees are found and tlie eypress iri-ows
thick in the >wanips. And, of e(nirs(\ tlie eab-
bairo ]ialm oi' palmetto >ta]id< u]) like a irreat
tA,p hoi- dn-tia- h.a-o and there. The manirro\a' and
'' biaek-jarlA' rim the sea pools and bi-a<'ki<li
streams, and maL''no]ia< and hay< hide in tlie moist
forests. It' oiM' will h-axo the beaten riuid and
T.KT'S an TO FI.flKinA!
take to wood roads and paths he will dismvor
much more than this, for there is reall\ <.\n\v a
wral:h of tree and shrub in Northern I'lorida,
t'>pecially in certain favored localities in ilic wtat-
tTii roaeh of mainland, but nevertheless as viowod
iVuni iiie train window or hurrying aiitninoMlo
the LT<»\v]. appears to lack variety. T:: kit*- Xkiicli
and April, when the yellow jasmine i- in kinom,
thnre are few lovelier sights than a wuud ruad
in tko vicinitv of Tallahassee or iMonticello. So,
ton. when the Cherokee roses are at theii- ktiL^ht.
And nothing is more breath-taking tlian a inaiii-
moth magnolia come suddenly on in tlir -ikiit
I'uiest, laden with its great fragrant, croniny-
white blossoms. Perhaps when all i= ^ai-L ih«3
rolling hills and valleys of the mainland aie every
whit as interesting as the tropic portions n\' tlm
state. Certainly they ai-j more easily xiowt-d!
Up there the growth shows fewer surprises, biuco
the flora is much the same as in Georgia and
Ak.
n T
am:i
and South Carolina, ])ut the
nu-ia
al
• k)' < occasionally happen, and the botanist will
lind plenty to interest him.
To casual observation the name < i Land of
Fl'^wrr^-. somewhat erroneously ajipli' <1 lo I^'lor-
I'ia, - • rns a greater misnomer than it r< tll\ is.
S*» much of the state consists of I'im' woods,
vskurein such flowers as exist are exiiLiiK-h mod-
est in appearance, that the visitor is (vufo Hkoly
to e
vijf^-- <1:
pointment. 'WiM; a ku excep-
*
i —
GEOGRAPTTY AXk) PI. A XT LIFE 67
iions, MoiiikFs flowers are not airLrres<ivt/ly kril-
liant. \t'il!:t r ar*' llifv usually l;ii"i:t' of Ijlos-
som. Yrt there are many of them, and ii is nec-
essary to isn kut a sliort diblaiK-t' from tlit- high-
road to lind tkom. Ik'. Ckarlos Toria-y Simpson \
lias said tliat lir l];i> never seen a time when on
any extended wall: lie could not iratlier at least
iift>- \-arirties of wild kl(M.ms. kkmy of them are ^
familiar friends, yet you will notice tliat tliey
ha\'o ^ulVrrcd a rliamre of one sort or another.
In some cases the change is so great ris t«^ cause
tlic kotani-ts to ki-t tlain as new varieties. Many
others wdi ku ^tranu^f t.) yoti, since they are ptirely
sub-tropical or fi-<i|)ical; unless, tkat is, you have
seen tlifm in countries S(»nd! of onrs. Tlie |»ine
liarrciis arc w.'ll wortli rxplorinir, for ntimerous
attract i\r tlowers irrow tlirrc. In <kimper spots,
up kt'twccn tka palnit'tto scrub, skoot tall spikes
of tcrrc-t I'ial orcird- in late winter, kua-nder and
wkitc. Wild yellow cannas stand .-rntin.cl keside
tln' krook- aibl tkf k)\-aly — if unwelcome — water
hyacintk spi'^ad- itself in acres of pinki^k-violet
beauty. Our rau-tkn-n. wliitc water lily is omni-
present, too, in tla> ])lari.l wa^'^rs. AnotluT deiu-
ztai of tkc damp -pol- is a larirc-nowcrad. deep-
])lue tlaL^ woi tky of any garden, llm.''' I'lue vio-
lets, udork'^s like so many of tkc Fl.ai^la tk>wers,
grow in akun<lance through the nd(Fke latitudes
of tkc ])cni!!-u!a, Pka' lupins an.d yr!].>\v-kk^N-
somad cadi !!(»\\rr -ide bv side. Golden t'O'I and
\
68
T.ET'S; no TO FTOKIPA'
asters and erigerons hold the sunny placo^, arid
many kinds of ferns are found.
f r Once down toward the southern part of tlip
/state the long-leaf pine becomes the (arilihrau
lor slash pine, although the difference is not ivad-
ily noticeable. Palmpfto^: am mor*' mnnrrou^
now. cabbage, saw an^l .^al.al, and the comptio dis-
putes their territor\-, Li\w oak.< irrow to iriirantie
proportions, and sniall-r (.ak>— tli.- hollydcavrd
among thuii!-- liurdcr thr haniinock-. In the liain-
mocks. too. LTow tho wild Wi:^, tlif poi<on wood,
the blolly. !}..• prickh- a-h, th.' >wr..t hav. tlio
hog plain, •!..' iraniko liniko and iiiaiiv inor... 1dio
^^•^^ inyrt'.' Lrrnw. to trcu >izf undur favoral^lo
cundiUukcs and the lantana of fho TinrfhV'iai part
of the peninsula beronn*s an iinpo<iiiL: -hriil).
In the ]arn:er haninmrk-^ of t},,. ]-,.a!lv tropical
territory v/ki^'li exists only 1m. low a lin.- .Irawii
. across the peninsula >lii:lii!\ north of tliu llhth
parallel and is only contiLrnons fo fho roast, so
many things strange and nnn-nal to tin- iiortlicrii
beholder are found fliat ro ait. mpt ran h.- inado
here to mention morr tlian a Mnall poitioin
Doubtless to the stranger to iIk- tropi.< the or-
^ diid.^ are of first interest. Of tk.'^.' th.ro aro
! mnrp than twenty species, of wld-k oidy a f.w
\* are especially attractive as to blossom. Tho
green-and-brown Cyrtopodiuni (C. puncialum)
grows to huge size, forming basket-li];'p ma=^^o^
of stems crowned with hundreds of ni.'.liuin-
GEOGRAPHY AXD PLANT LIFE 69
sIzamI ilowers, and when so witnessed is a re-
markaklo sight. ^'}ing whli the orduds in
intfrf>t if not in attractiveness avr nunnTotn^
vaiielies of air pines. A peperomia, n.-nrdly
an eroct irrowinir ]»lant, lifro climhs and clinixs
to the tree limhs and throws out a tonirne of
i:i'et'in>li tlorets. Of feriL< there are many; the
beautiful sword fern, the gra^s ffrn. the ser-
pent fern, at least one tree fortn the bootlace f^rn
and a host of otln-rs, amoriLT them the odd resnr-
rt'ction fern whic-h, seeminixly sere anil dead in
dry wcatlir]-, awakens to life an<l loveliness at the
tuueli of tlif I'ain. There art* all >orts of cacti,
too, ])oth ()( tile ()piintia and ( 'erens tribes. One,
Cereus ptttfiiqonus, genei-ally eallrd by less polite
names, is ])rMliaM\' the most \'illain.ons ])lant ever
met with. Its ainrled st«'m< are armed with inch-
long s})n]'s and it irrows like Sam Ililh into and
()\'er and about e\'erythinir, until there's literally
no u^ettinir past it withotit a maeliett.'. Barlied
wiro is a tliiiiLT of no eonsetiueneo lu'sid*^ it, al-
tlioiiirli it may well be that the in\'entoi' of barlied
wire u'ot his idea from old Pentaironns. A brother
pest i< ('. r/-?'"/'// //s. but Ini'i laek< .^om^ ^^\ the inii'e
iMi-->c(biess of Pent. He ijiir-ii't liOLT ■liinij:< ([uite
a^ badly, wrw it" lii> nail> ai'f j'u.^t as sliai'p. Some
ol' tho eaeti present \"or\" pretty blossoms in sea-
son, and one or two ot' tie- (^imnthis boar edible
fiaiit.
0!i malnla!:d and lve\s the tree^ iiielude manv
70
LET'^ no TO FLOIMDAI
son- unfamiliar to the visitor. Ul tin so fhn
A\'»'>: rii'lia:. f'lrrli sel(l<an fails to interest. Tills
is tlie irunihM iimlM). a rath.'r crooked tiTe with
i:!o>-\- leaves and a -ni
' ) ( » 1 a
la
ii
color iio'
unlikr llial ul' a r'ip[)rr bccL-ii. Tlic name bircli
is pomofimp? a|i|Mi'<i to it boeauso it> oiifor hark ■
will peel off in siieets just as does the jiapcr hirdi
of our linitla ra woods. The poison wood {Me-
t"piHi}' mefopium) while not a lilni- i-, lawrrth*'-
Itj^si, a, lir^il cousin ol our iiorliiorn pohson oak.
Tho <=n^ir!wnod i- a fro- with intenselv crrrT']!, ])nr-
iii>la-il h';i\'»'< which, oil tht'ir nador surfaces, arc
C'MVcrt'd witli russet-gold <l<»\v!i. AVlaai the wind
stirs it th»' tree seems to glow with liic aad vn\nv.
The >oa})ht'rry tree, tho pnrndiso troo, tlic niahoLT-
any, tla' liddl^wnod. tlic toothache tree, wild
lime. irr)!i\vood, inkwood, whitewood, v. How-
wood, calaha-h. Surinam cherry, papaya, rc(l hay,
Several Wild plums, the seaside grape (cocolobo
or cocobolo), holly, tamarind, liirnnm-vitrr, ham-
boo, the " mangle' ' or niaaLrro\f. aiid -till others;
all these inhabit harnnaick or liver hank or
oceaii'- eii^^e, anii ni._»-l are luuhLl ia the !iatu!-al
sta'c nowhere beyond the norfhciai rim <»1" the
limiN-d, Florida tropics. With these, I'airly a part
of them, are nuru' rous ^'lianas,'' their stout rope-
like f)ranches thrust up and around ard o\.i- the
tre*j.- tu heights of forty and even iiiiy icct from
where they frequently loop downward] ai^ain and
ac'ain ascend. Some of these are \ ine-, like two
(JKoUKAidiV AND PLANT LIFE
1
\-arieties ol' wild gra})0, the woodbine, or \dr-
gliiia creeper, and others; as many more are
])lants wliich a|)pear to elevate themselves by
leveraire, tliru>tim: themselves over l)ranches and
ever reachiniz: n|)ward for the next shelf on which
to place a knee and lift airain. The two cereus
alrea<ly nientionod have tins liahit, and so has the
infernal "])iill-anddiaiild)ack" [I'lsnnia a< uhjata).
And one of the grapes, too. As may be imagined,
tra\'el throULrh such veiretation is not a recreation
ior an idle afternoon, and in coinsequence few
casual visitors to southern Florida ever reallv
\'iew tlie tro])ical forests. These forests — ''ham-
mocks," as they are called in the only aboriginal
word known to be extant — will not last many
years more, for tho soil in them is black and rich
and the settlei' will eventually work his will with
it. Friwately owned hammocks, of course, will
survi\a', for which those who love nature unim-
proved by man will be thankful; and the state
too lias helped by sottiniT aside a consulerable
iei'ritory midway of the ])eninsula end known as
lu)\al Palm Lark where much of the natural
beauty aTid inttua'st of t}a> tropical hammocks
may be seen without inconwuiience.
L^)yal Falm Fai'k is t'orty-two miles soulliwest
of ALami, and is reached by an excellent luird-
surlaceil road. It consists oi four t]iou>and acres
oi \iririn forest hanunock Ixune; h>etW(H'n the
*'g!ade.s" and tho lowlands alom; the coast. Par-
I i
72
LHT'S (JO TO FLORIDA!
adi^u Ivt'V \\a6 liic lurmer nanie fur tin.' local it \-.
Tho ovistence of the Park a> a .-lato reserva-
tion i- <Iii'' to tlie t'oresiLTlit and hard work ol" tli.>
Federated Wonnm'.- Clubs ot' Florida, and lla:'
tith' i> hrM liv th.-m. Tli.' oriirinal lioMinir of iH\n
acres, MM'urcd in MH'), was addeil to l»\- the irift
of a like territory from Mrs. Henry M. Flairlcr,
and iinally, in IILM, the state loosened U|) and
deeded the reniaininir L!,n^i) acres. Tho >tate must
Jou>t'ii up con>i(lerahly more hefoi'e its entire duty
is i)erformed, for there is much to ho done there
yet and money is h)a<lly needed The Park pre-
sents to the visitor an opportunity to satisfy liis
cravinir for tropical vei2:etation, for liere are found
most if not all of the trees and plants natural
to the I'lwer Florida liammocks. Hie T\oyaI
Palms — one unthinkinirly writes the words with
caj)ital letters after viewini: them liei'e — rise to
astoundinir lieiLrhts in the jumrles, mammoth oaks
are draped with loin: festoons of irray moss, ferns
of many kinds irrow from irround or brandies,
orchids are al)undant and birds and butterflies
and moths are on every hand. The Park is a
mecca for naturalists, and amonir the tliousands
of names inscribed on the reirister in tlie Park
Lodire are many notalile in the world of Seience.
The Lodire provides comfortable rooms and irood
meals for those wlio desire to tai'ry, and the war-
den and his wife, ^Ir. and Mr<. Wlieelock, know
how to make the stranirer welcome. What income
GEOOPAPTTY AND PLANT LIFE
'3
is derived from this source goes toward — though
not Very fai" toward — the expenses of the reserva-
tifui. A second source of income is the sale of
Po}'al Palm siMxllings irrown by Mr. Wheelock.
As many as twenty thousand persons have vis-
ited the Park in one year, a nmriber that will
1)0 irreatly amrmentei] when its fame becomes
more widely known. At the present time there is
but one road throuirli tho Park, and, while it is
possi]»le to explore the inconsideralde northern
portion afoot without irettinir lost for more than
a few minutes, more trav(M-sa])le highways must
be laid out before tlie full beautv of the reserva-
lion can be realized aiid enjoyed. These, how-
over, as Well as a surrounding moat to minimize
tlie ever-present danirer from forest fires, must
await the pleasure of the State Legislature.
CHAPTER VT
"WIJATS TIIK CLIMATK LIKKT'
One of tiiu quustiuiis musl rrcM|ii,Titly askod of
tlH' writer is: ^'What^ tho Florida climate really
liker' It's a difticiilt <iiie>ti()n to answer to the
in.iuirer's satisi'actioii. for what he irt'iiei-ally
wants to hrar is that, onee over the i^late line, he
can discard his overcoat and chaniro tho clotlios
he has worn on the southward trip to flannels
and a straw hat, this irrespective of the month
or Weather conditions in the north. When he
learns that the overcoat will fn^ piently feel very
comfortalile dnriiiLT January and Fehrnai-y. and
that, while the >traw hat niay pro\-e just the thini^^
for Miami or Vovi Myei's, -onictliini: a hit less
troi)ical will an^w.-r liettcr in the upper part of
the state, he is likely to sTiiff a ud say that he al-
ways -u>peeted it was a sitdit enldcr down there
than folk? lof on I
Teniperature- \-ary con<ideraM>- o\-er the stafo.
Latitude. eh.\-;inon and p'roximity to Lnilt" oi- ocean
are factor-. It ean iiud dues <;et anno\-inLrl\- cnld
in Xorthern Florida in tho win^-r month-; ye-,
and in r-entrnl I'^lnrida, too; and even Miami has
had *h.' raercurv dnvwi l. J!^^ Sillh -ave \nv a
few day- during the ^^inter, jierhap:, ten ur a
7 }
^'WHAT'S THE CLLMATE LIKEF' 75
dozen alto£(ether, the weather ordinarily l»ehaves
itself \'ei'y well; and it is (piite likely that Miami
will not again fcee a temperature as low as that
just mentioned for manv vi^ars. Fort Mvers,
considei'ahly iiorth of Miami, on the West Foast,
re})oi'ts that for the last seven years the lowest
tem})erature recorded i)y the oilicial observer
was 82°.
The l)est course for the winter visitor to pursue
is to assume Ixd'ore he leaves home that he will
encounter sonn^ cold days and so arrive provided
with niediinn weiirht clothinir for ordiiuirv occa-
sions, outer wraps for the chilly days and eve-
nimrs and, especially if he is iroing well down
the ])enin>ula, liirht attire for the warm, even
hot, days which will come more certainly. Re-
memhtei' that, after all, Jacksonville lies only
tliirty lioui\s from New Yoi'k by railway and that
\ou can't plunire into the ti'opiics in any such time
as that I And he assui'cd of this; whenever the
Xttrth is chatti'rinij: with cold, Florida is seekinir
tin' sunny side of the hou-e I Every really severe
cold spell ''hack home" reaches Florida to some
extent, althouLrh it may not ])ent^trate all the way
down the ]ienin>ula. Point (^x])ect mii'acles and
you'll not he disapp(»inted. Florida's all-year cli-
mate is excelh'Ut, and hei- winter climate is better
than can l^e t'lumd el>e\\here within tlu> c(Uitines
ol' the riiite(l States, but no climate is perfect.
From the iirst of December to the last of Febru-
76 LET'S no Tn FT/)Tri!)A!
ary Fl'TMa nfTpr- .Timo ^\-f;if]!f]\ <ur\[ June
weal!:' r a-, liarring much rain, is nonnal in -oiitli-
erii X-\\ Iv.glainl. Sometimes, thoiii:!), tli.i-''s
a >iip, jiL-t as tiicru i^ m Xuw Engidiid, aii-l frusl
wariiin£r< are issTiorl, oraTic-o o-rnwors lii^lit the
>vAU'l^es in their '.rrux^'v, i:ai-<h'iit'r> wrap thrir
tender shrubs in y-'ster(hiy*> ia\v>p;ipers and the
therniMineter goes sliding duwii Mum amund sev-
enty to forty or even thirty. W hen that ha})pens
th*^ wind rnmr-? frnm >oni»' <;na'-^»'i- in ihf north;
and it blo\v^ with a hr-a^ii !};a^ \vmiiM -.Man hut
inildiy chill "back la>rn-" hut tJKit u.,.\^ ]a<hai with
icicles when it scainpcr^ inlu Idurida. ^^•rtll-
na^ ly, such conditions seldom la-t nrnro tiian two
or *,hree days at a ^'rn.-. or <-(iin.' inor-' tfian twi(/e
or thrice in a winter; and, for'nna'- :\. to.., the
cold snaps are not often accompanied hy rhajdy
weather, and, having donned the overcoat oi the
sweater which you brnn'dif alnnn- aL^■linM \onr
better judgment, you need only to keep to thr un-
shaded spaces to be comfoi table. I:i -ImH, >,>
long as the sun shines — and it seldom iiii^.sl.s a
<iay — you should worry ji ilie ifiorrnrv ^avs 40!
bunshine is Florida *8 biggest a-- i uh.n all's
•aid and done. It's the on< rrop t!,,? ,,,v,., );,i!s
You're not to take that as lu^-iiuiui^ !!,;,i ( h.ij.jv
days never occur, for iht-, d(j, in .--r/i- p:iMs ,,t' tho
state more often than in others. I^ii i!i. \ ^, >,)
few that, after a winter in Floridi. \.,ii'm. !i1.,.|v
\'j ndurn north and solemnly alhrii; ih.ii th. mhi
"WHAT'S THE CLIMATE LIKE?" 77
novor stoppnd shininir onro; and niran it, too!
W'holo days of dnudiness ar.' infrequent, wlioh.^
(la\s of rain alnio>t unknown. In Marion (Vjimty,
lyincal of tho northrrn hail <tf tho pt>nin.-ida, the
record o\a'r a tnnnhcr of years gives 7;^) days of
siinshino ont of 90 in tlio wintr-r. Li htcations
further south the mmiht'r of sunny days is
<rrt'att'r. Most every one has liuard of th^e nows-
]»ap<'r in Si. IV-turshurg \vhi('h distrihaites its
whoh' i-sue free Avhon the snn (hjesri't sliint,' at
some timo (hiidng the day. and whicln in conso-
(pit'iic*', ]ia< indulLTril in tliat sort o\ i^hilantliropy
hut ^\ time- in lo years. Then thtu'e's the hotel
man down ihe Kidge who airro-ed lo eliarixe hds
Lrur>ts no rent on suide'ss days. At last aoooun.ts
he ^^■as >till t'ar I'rom hankru]itey.
h'lorida'> ax'ei'aLre annual rainfall i< oo inelies,
the liiLfhe-t of an\" ^tate in the Luion, hut mo<t of
that water falls .lui'inLT the rain.y season, whieli ex-
tends fi-om dune to Septeinher. ' >f tlie ">•") in.ehos,
onl>- ahout !> fall duriuir I)eeemher, dar.uary arid
h'.-!uaiar\. Idiei'efore the \\inter N'isitor is likoly
to eiieuuuU'r unl\' an ueeasionud rain durm.i: liis
stay, aTuL shuM^ the p(^rous s(m1 ipiiekly soaks up
the heaviest downfall, he ma\' lea\'e liis ruhher^ ill
t he IlDl'l h wit h pelt'eet iuipUUlt) .
Since thi-^ hook i^ not desiirned solels' lov the
iiifoiaiia! Ion i^\ wiii'er \ i^ilors, someth.!!ii: naaa'>l bo
^ai(l of I'Moi'ida'- \ ear T'tMind iTuuLattv Th.e win-
tt!--> ha\e a!ifaii\ heen -'oohe!i of^ Mare!i i^ ai>-
iS
LV/Y'6 (JO TO FLoKIDA:
{•rrrialay wiivmrv than Fcbniarx', bill il i.s not mi-
til May ihat ih*/ hot woatli.T rnakr'- itsdl" I'rlt.
Jui;»' ai^l July ar^ < Tiiiiiaialy tiif hottest ninnths
of the }a'ar. AiiL'u>t !> but ViWlr cooler. Scptt'in-
ht'F may dvo\) ilic m»Tcur\' a t'cw <lfL:i-ft's moi'L', hut
Xovmiht-r f^ilVrs tho tir>t real I'clh'i'. Llorida's
sumni*'r may, thrrd'ort', he >ai(l to hist a full six
months. The suu is intfUx-ly liot (liirini: that
|H'rio<h ami onr lind- -mall tt'm])tatiou to staii<l
about ill it. Yet as suou as ouu has mo\aMl into
the shade he is u>ua]ly romfortahh^ Took airain
at the map and \'ou will s^e why. All around is
wat.T, ii<.»\vlifrt' more than seventy ti\-e miles
away, and i'rum ucuan or gull' the air i- eontinnally
stii'riiiLT ovon whon tho ?un i< hla/.inu^ it.< hottest.
Pt'rha|j< t!ie best idea <•{' what tli-' l^dorida cli-
nni'*' i- likf tiirouLdi tlie year ean hi.- obtained I'rom
a i-e>um>' of one year'> rr('or<l> at d'ampa. Tampa
is fair!}' y\'pi«'al oi' th-' e-'nlral pari ul ihu ijeuin-
sula. althonLdi sliidit dilTeronr'pv oxi-t hotwpon
Atlantirand ( lult" coasts. Mr. Wab.-r d. Bennett,
in ehari't' of the wrath'-r bureau at d'ampa for
rium}' \-far-, i> tla' authointy <pioto(h I^'irinninic
with )Sfp*''mber, l'.*--l, tln-n, it is shown that hiirh
femperat urt-.- r'ontinn«'(l to tlie ^t]i of that month,
uht-r; t!.'' m<'r'eur\' N^^nt to !'d <lrLrr<'os. (Remem-
ber tjia^ t'e'~f are \\fatlifr bnrfan liLTUi-e^, not
thu.-e of .-lr<;el h-;\Ll.; ddic lir-t drop came Sep-
t<^mber SOtli. Tn Ocffdn-r the hiLdc-t t-'irijieratrn'O
was ^'^, on tl.i' '.*th. and lh<' h-uc-t oh, on the L'.'h-(h
I
'^WHAT'S TliK ( LIMATK LIKE!" 79
In Xox'endn'r the mercury jugged u]) to .^3 on the
7th, and never got tliat hiirli airain durinij: the
month. ( 'n the 3nth liirht fro>t> were reported
and tlie tliei'mometer >ank to '.V.K In December
the Lighcbt was on the Inih, >2 degrees, and the
lowest on flic Lhnh 4d (h'lrrees. December held no
frost. In January, TiLlo, the tem|)erature was 81
on the K'th. the hiirhest for the month, and 45
on the dl^t, the luwest. Februarv htrouirht a heavv
frost wlion tlio moreui-y wont <lown to eN decrrees
on the Idth. l-'tbruary's Inirh mark was S2, on
A\'a<hiiurton's h)ii't Inh-iv. The Februarv frost was
the second of two occiirrim: durini: the wdnter,
and, while llic citrus fruit was nowdu're atTected,
temperatures r1o=:o to freezinir were experienced
in a numb.n- oi' neaT'by localities and tender crops,
such as xwcft potatoes and h»eans, were killed.
March I't'inaiued about like February, but in April
the mercury stalled upward an.d i"ea(du^tl IH on
the '21 -^ the i'ec*n-d foi' the month over thirtv-tive
>ear-. To be -juite I'air, liowe\"er, it rt-ceded to o2
on the 2nd. .Ma\- was moderatt\ as Florida Mays
go, with a liiirh of IM on tlie loth. June was a bit
abo\-e iiiMinal, I'aiiLrini: td'om a low of (N to another
hiLrh ot' !M. The rainy season stai'ted about the
c^th ot" .Ma>\ but the t"all wa< net l!ea\'\" until June,
^^ hell nineteen -howei's occu.rred. d'emperature^
ifi Jul> Were about noianal. ranirinir fi'om (N to 9o,
t'le lattei- on the 2 lib. in AuL:-u.-t tl:e mtu'iuiry
did luie dcLM-ee beii-u' ou it-- liiudicst [H' r f oiunaucc
11
n>l
Ml
80
LET'S UU Tu FLolMDA!
ciiiLi went as low as 69. Showers cuuliiuuMl as
usual through July and August; twenty-four days
of rain m Jnly nrid fwrnty-two ir Aniriist. On
Jul}- lull and 15tli the recor^l laii/iall ol' ^).^^'5
iiicla- in tw .ntv-four hours was recorded. AL^lin,
uii AiiL-iist 2Sth and -!Mli, anutliL-r dLdu.irt" iVll;
or. ra'hrr, two of thoni. < >!! tho first <lny it raiia'<l
4.59 inches in the record tinif cf two }ioin-<, <'ni«l
on tlu' 20*]} 4,''!'' inches ft-l! dindnL: th*' twenty-four
hours. Idit' rainy season ondt^l Soptenibfr '.'r^\.
That, thu writer btdieves, gives a vury fair no-
tion of w]:nt may ho oxpected in tho irf^noral lati-
tude of cential Florida durini: tlio ynir. The
^^dnt•'r of 1924-2') was rather wa rnau- tluui tlic
averai^f, perhaps, but not sutlicitiitly so to affect
the dependability of the record given.
Tla- wri^"r lin- no wi<]i to influence any por^^nn
accustomed to real!} enol -ununers into sptuidiuLC
the months of Jul}'. Auirii-t atid Septenihcr in
Florida. Su' h a pfi'-iui would lind the conditions
extreui-']}' tryiuLT in all ]U'oltaliility. Florida in
summer i< h^t. Tt i-n't a- hot a< many helieve it
to he. nor a- hot a< it miirht he, hut there's no
hlinkiiiLT the fact that the teuipei-ut ure duriuir tln^
three munllis mentioned is too hiLdi for comfort.
Life i^ perfectly endurnhle. n\i\y be tlnu-ouLrhly
enjo}ahle under the most ad\antatreou< (■ir(a]m-
-tances, but it is necessary to a lap* ..neself to
eondit ions.
If you are a man vou lav aside vour coat
i i
WTTAT^S TTTE CLIMATE UKET' 81
in /June and attire yourself in light -we i-rht cloth-
iu'j-; if you. are a woman you take to tub dresses
for da\ W' ar and thin cottons or silk for evening
or " occasions. *' Excessive Inuniddty i- raire. and
the air ha.-irt that breathle.--, eiiervatiiii: (juality
which 'Makes the sap out of a fellow.'' Heat
pro>t rat ions ai"e unknown and no death fr'^m sun-
stroke has ever occurred, which seems t(^ infer
tliat excessive lieat of it>elf is not the cause of
cuiip dc ^ult il. In fact, as regards summer tem-
perature Florida can point with pride! Fre-
{juentl}' whieii noi'thern cities are swelterini^: with
the meiMuir}- at !*^ and TOO, Floridians are com-
fortable at '^^ aiid slee])in'j: under cover at niirht.
()iie doesn't have to come to a dead stop durinir
the hot Aveathier, but one certainly does need to
slow down. Xoi'therners are lik'ely to ])oke fun
at the Floiadian<, Floridians either liy birth or
ado]»tiiui, becau>e they coin|U'oiuise with labor
once the summer Inas set in. P(U'ha])s the com-
p]"omi-e can be too irreat ; it fi'ei juentK' is: but
some coTUju'omise is necessary. Stiauiuous tasks
must be ])erl"oi'me(] in tlie early moruinir lioui's or
let"t over for the eX'ening. Tt <loesn't do to under-
take tlie same amount of woi'k, iixlooi's oi- <uit. Unit
one has lieen aciui^tomed to in the Xortli or tliat
one can pei-form in the witit<'r months.
Tliis i^ Iwini: written in Fhu-ida at 11:00 a.m.
on r^etober ir>th. The thermometer in the shade
of the porchi on the west side of tho house stands
LET'S no To IM.oKIDA!
aL 85. The buu is intensely liul. There is, how-
evor, [I liLriit snuthpa.-f l^roozo hri^k onmio-h fn ]iii>li
flic Spaiii-ii iiin.>-> oui t'roni ll.f ln'anciir^ ol' lluj
|iiiu'< !'• a thirty (h'lri-c.. aaL'"!** and to lift tlic loose
shtH'ts t'roin this (h-^iv to the lloor — anil, ol' coursf,
out of reach! In breeze and shaih- lil'o is coiii-
t'ortahh- t'i;nnrr]i, but no onr- savt' a " tc!i<lorfoot "
wouhl (h'lilM-rai'lx' l-'o out an^L >av, t rai!>phiiit the
hihisctis that needs it so badly or amuse hinisflf
with an a\ at tliu W'-'udpilL'. Muilcration is the
watciiw ofd iii >iiniTnor; modci-ation in hoth work-
inir and t■ati^u^ 1 1' l"':orida sinnnirr^ were hut
three months loni:. of even four, it woujij lir dii'-
t'tTent. Ihr wlien the hot season h.^rins in late
May and huhh-. through (Jetuber \ou aru likely to
L^'t [>retty well fod up ^vifh it. Tool niirhts are a
hle>.-ing and sumne-!- -!;e)\vers hflp*, hut there's a
ten hour ( r so spell of hot suu-idne eveiy (hay
aiui one can he tliomuLrlih' wilted hy th" time the
lirst norther eomes along. A taxorite expression
is "Tho suTnmers aren't nwfu!l\- h.nt, hnf fhey 1a^t
so long!" A iu'omidie r-'mark, hiit one which puts
the trutli in a nut-h'-lh
Na'ui-aliy, it' vim are t'ortuiiute enoUL^h to oe-
cujA' your own hom*^. and that home i-u't eloped
in hv -urrnundinu'" huildings, you wiil have a dif-
t'efent story •(» tell t han the per- on who ha- to li\a^
in a ho'.j :,]• hoarding house. A hot.'] room in
.summer, even with an electric fan, i- no A re He
iLdoo! The writer realizes fliat he is ineuirim: tin*
-WHAT'S THK (dJMATK LIKE?" S3
wratii ol' a eertain type of Floridian who won't
a('knowledLr(\ even to hinisell", tliat his — usually
ado{)ted — state is a whit warmer in summer than
Ahiine. There ari' umhniljtedly places much far-
ther north than Flori(hi \shieh are inferior to the
latter as summer resorts, and it must be that the
irentleman jtnst mentioned came from one of them.
If \()u can i:et away for a few weeks into cooler
latitudes, the Xoi-th (Airolina mountains for ex-
am f)h% you will break the monotonv of the heat,
which, after all, i< the most trying feature of a
Ldorida sinnmer.
Daily relief from tlie excessive attentions of
the smi come> in the lorm (»f a shower. At least,
I' loridiaiis like to speak of those blessimrs as be-
iuLT daily, but the truth is that they aren't abso-
lutely infallible. Still, they do occur fre(]uently
enouirh to deserve their reputation. Thev come
suddenly, pre-ai:ed by snowy mountains of clouds
ULnain^t the blue of the sky. A clap of thunder,
and the heavens open. A drivinij: sIuhT of water
blot> out the world. \\i]\(\ may or may not accom-
pany the deluire, but thunder and liirhtnimr are
u.Mial conconntants. Pede>trians duck for slielter,
niotorisis s(aiiu'\' to harl^or undiT tlie wide-
spreadimr oaks; not int'reiphuitly discoverinir to
their di.-nia>- wlaui the T\ain is over tlnit wet insu-
hution will k''ep tlaan there :-ome tinu^ lonirer. In
the citie< the .-treels become rushing streams. To
cross them one would need either rubberd)oots or
84
LET'-^ GO T'> n niMPA'
the stilts of the Chinese workers in tho pa<l<]y
fields. The shower may last twenty minutes, an
liuur, iwu LuLir-. Once over, the sun shines t'nrth
nirain, the trees and sLruh^ drip w'wh moisture
ai:«l iif'- takes up where it l^ft niW ( )uo Trm-t ox-
]MTience a Flori'la summer rain t'» a]a)r.M-!att' lli»^'
nifahing of ih^' won! <lt']iiLrt'. Tla' af'taainoti is tlio
recognized Ulqu i'ur ihese wrlcnnp' xi-itations, and
ii^nally thev arrive at about llii' rii^dil time to
break up a bail LMna* or to 'k^'op ono from a five
o'clock appointment. Infrequently iIm y I'nrLrtt to
stop for tv..i .lays. Even a bi-i<'f ijr.wnpniir rau
dt posit a lot of water on the ground. In tin- sinn-
ni. r of 1925 at several lornlities aloni: tlio W* <t
Coast a two-hour rain accounted f<>r I oP inda >!
Fortunately precipitation speedily di-apprar> I'y
dia na.:e, seepage and evapnMt aiii.
While the rains send tin' t> nip-raturt' d<>\vn
magically and are wondorful aid- to (oinlOit, it is
really the cool nights whi* li ar. the state's irroat-
est blessing. Once the sn?! has calh 1 it a day,
Flori'la, I'mm sea to '-nil:', -^i-h-, -mih'- an<l taki'S
n nif'e deep breath of th.' i-fl'r(\-]iin'_r •■v^aiinL^ air.
The same brr-ozp tha^ ha< bpnn -tirrin<j- all day,
perha[^s too languorous'} t'lr you to })<■ aware of
it, how begins its nightly task of nndoinL'- the work
of the sun. id-' rn ocean or K'ld" i^ corii'-. briniring
an odor of salt liom the sea and ^i)i'<' from tlie
pine forests. Watch the therm onnter mi tin- front
jior'h LOW. l)o\vn goes the siU'-r colnrnn, slowly
*^WTIAT'S5 THE CTdMATK LIKE!" 85
perhaps at iiri>l, Ijut faster as the stars brighten
in the pnry^Ie-hlaek ^ky. Tim breoze may he no
m'a'e than a wide, stead}' movement of eooh'r air
fi'om the sea coveriiiLT the heated land, too faint
to rn>th' the leaves of the bMim^tiii\-ilhi a or stir
thr fans of the p»alnis, but it's tliere and you know
it. < >r it mav wake von in tlie niu:ht bv tlnttering
the papers on the tahk', and wlien it does you
I'eaeh sleejiily fur sla-rt or blanket, or both.
()t"ten <'nonLrh the exa-ninLT relitd' do^'sn't make it-
s<'lf really t'^lt until nfarl\" midinirht, but it eomes
al\va}-s in time to irivt.' \-ou a fnll n.iLrht of eom-
toiiable an<l rrn're-hniLC sleep. Always? Xo. for
there are exce]»tioii< to ever}' rnle, and oeeasion-
nlly, not tVequently enough to be remembered,
tlifro will be a ^ti1l niirht wlien the aforemen-
tioned >licet will rrmain draped over the foot-
board. ( >]■ ])t'rhapi< j'n^t before the dawn an ex-
ploi'inir hand will reach for it. f^loritha naLrhts,
whether of SjaanLr or Summer, Winter or Fall,
whetlier mooidiirhted or (^ily starlit, are wonder-
ful, and if no poet has yet sum: them the faet
should be noted b\' the- I .t'lrishit ur(^ or the State
Chambe'r of Connueree and instant ste|^s taken to
repair tho omission. Poets liave rimed on ^o
many less woi'th}' tla'Tiifs!
Now to sunnnai-i/e. Florida ^\eatller, winter,
sunnnei' or all the vnw roiiiid. has its tiaws, but
the flaws are like the little ineonsequeiit faults o(
a friend, anil onl\- make von ]nyo it the more.
86
LKT'S (JO TO FLOKIDA!
In Florida oih^ vdii livu ouldours practically every
flav of the vrar, tho soa broozos niakiiii:: it possible
in summer and the suiii^hiie' in winter. You can't
arri\e in January and 1:0 to slerp on a hank ol
r(»se> attired in your jia. jamas; or you can't do It
and iret away with it : anil you can't >pfnd a sum-
mer in Florida and ru>h arotnid in tlu' daytime
full-tilt ; althouLrh \-ou can u:o as fast as vou like —
up to fort\'-ii\-e miles an hour — in a car. If you
experience a two-day rain storm with the tlier-
raomet^r hoverinir a!'()und forty, you can comfort
Yourself with the knowh-dLrc that fui'ther north-
ward your friends are havimr a nice hli/.zard, with
the mercury a L^ood many dcirrees lower than
fortv! And vuu ^ct tjuite a kick out of I'eadini: in
the next day's paper that the surface lines in your
city are out t.f c()nnni->ion, that the Street De-
])artment i- ad\ertising for snow .-ho\-elers and
that train- are runniiiLT from two to twelve houi's
late. And hy the time the surface lines u]) there
are operatinir on >c]iodule aLrain you are once
more out in tin- -unshine, [)la>inLr ^oif or tennis,
takiuL'' ^■eur morniiiL'' dip or merely liaskinir atid
lettiuL' the Other fellow attend to tlie strenuous
thiuL''^ of life. I'ernernher tliat I'dorida isn't
tropical. -a\e for it- l\ev< and a narrow border
around i^- lower tip, and don't e\))eci to lind e<pna-
toi'ial co.ndi'ion- a\'. nih i-'j" >on. Not until you
reach {}:>■ \\*\< do \m'i (•-cap'- tie- po--ihility ot
frost, althouLdi the farther s(mth xou isa the less
'AVIIAT'S THE CLIMATE L1KE?»^ 87
likelihood theie is of it t'ohowdnLT yon. Don't be-
lieve too inijilicitly in the iraudily-covered pam-
]»lilets issued l»y the \ariou> cities and towns when
it comes to the matter of (dimate. Doubtless
there's no intent to deceive; possibly there's no
deception; \r{ after pernsimr some of those
])am])hlets it's (juite an easy thinir to start south
in the winter with a wai'drobe consisting entirely
of Palm Beach suits and solar topees!
If yon are consider ini: a ])ermanent home in
Florida you will do well to remember that locali-
ties in ])roximity to ocean, irulf or larire lakes are
more (Miuable; that i<, they are sliLrlitly warmer in
wintei', sliirhlly cuok-r in summer. But since the
climate of the state as a whole is remarkably even,
that ])oint is not worthy of LM'eat attentimi. The
lack ot' extreme tempei'attu'es in Florida i< due
mainly to two ihinLr>; lir>t, the fact that the state
lies for the mo-t part surrounded by warm seas;
second, that it hns shorter days of sunshine in
sunnner and lonirer da>'> (»f sunshine m wdnter
than the northern -tates. As to which ])orti(ni of
hdorida is climat icall>- superior the writer is si-
lent. One reason for lii< silence is tliat he doesn't
know. Xoi-tliern Floridai and Southern Florida
are (piite diffei'ent and \et each has a tine climate.
The question naiTo\\< down to: What do you
want? If you wi-h in the winter t*^ iret utterly
awav from an\ -nu'"L:'c-t ion of real cold, go as tar
south as vol! can. If \«>u want some bracinu- days
88
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
interspersed with the warm ones, choose a loca-
tion anywhere in the northern comities. Wher-
ever you are yon'I] find pU'nty o^ Fh)ri(hrs best
gift, golden sunshine.
It is not within the province of this volume to
discuss Plorida as a health resort. An invalid
should consult a ])hysician before deciding on a
sojourn in the state. However, it is permissible
to state that the Florida climate is not a panacea
for all ills, and that it has been conclusively
proved that advanced pulmonary aiTections are
not benefited. Throat troubles, though, can be
greatly aided, and rheumatic patients usually find
the winter conditions very beneficial. Nervous
patients and convalescents can probal)ly do no bet-
ter than seek the tranrpiillizintr and yet invigorat-
ing air and sunshine of the state, while as for
children— well, maybe God made Florida just for
them I
CHAPTER VII
AGRICULTURE
"With a total area of more than thirtv-five mil-
lion acres, Florida has less than two and a half
million acres under cultivation. Yet from this
cultivated area was produced in 1924 more than
ninety million dollars worth of products; almost
twenty times the price paid to Spain in 1819 for
the territory. The Department of Agriculture is
authority for the statement that of the unculti-
vated thirty-two and a half million acres rather
more than twenty million are adapted for fann-
ing purposes. These lands are still to be pur-
chased at prices varying from thirty to two hun-
dred dollars an acre, and, as has been demon-
strated, are capable of producing crops to the
value of from five hundred to two thousand doL
lars.
Soil and drainage are important factors
throughout th(^ state. Taken as a wliole Florida
niav be said to b(^ level, although its surface is
rolling or broken in certain parts. Except along
the coasts the natural drainage is good, and this
is particularly true of the western arm of the state
and of the peninsula as far south as the northern
81)
90
LET'S GO TO FLninnA'
limits of Lak»' Okeechobee. Exceptions occur,
ho\v,\ er, in scattered localities.
As has been said, more than a huiitlr* <1 kinds of
buil are found in the state, but the recognizi d and
named varieties are not -o mnry. T'pland soils
are generally of t]i. Xnrinlk series, the top sandy
and gray, the subsoil yellnw a:. 1 fiial)]**. Fruit,
farm and truck piuduct.-- gruw wl-U in it. Mueli
like the Xuri'olk soil"^ nro tlie Orlando, IlolTnian
and Tifton. The Orlando ai'' a \vii\r inorc fertile
than the Xniu^.lk. are dark in color and .-nmotli iu
texture. The Hoffman grouip i<un| rises the iriay
soils of the peninsula above a cunipacl 6ub^)uil,
and th^ Tifton is found principally in flm wp<^orn
(•lurities and ];as a pebbly surface. Sod- lia\ i:i'_r a
limestone oi-i-riu ai- a!'.\a\> I'tu-iilt', althouLrh the
<!• LTee of fertility depends cu t! ' presence of
other components. Of these are ihe ,L''!a\- >and>
containing sea shells found near Palm I>.i(li,
the Orangeburg soils, the r;r(?enviile soil-, the
Brown Hammock and Red fl iinia<M ;; a' 1 ti.r lime-
stone subsoil land.^ u: hade ( ouni\. The OraiiL^.'-
burg, Greenville and Hammor-k-'^ monfionod ai'e
particularly good farming soils. Certain isvnv
and brown hammock lands calLd Ik iiiando and
Fellowship are excellent for fruit and tiu(k.
liiaek swamp lands witii a hgi;l .s.uidy subsoil ar(^
known as Portsmouth, and a similar urfa< . ku!
with a black subsoil is called Hyde. i\rMki<Ial
ok'aining is necessary to make either n\ ihc-c very
AGRICULTURE
91
fertile. TIjo grass-covered flatwoods, of gray sur-
larc and darker <:i'a\- .-ukx'il, are either Bladon or
Cow illo and are well adapted tu general farniinLT.
iduniniei- or 'Trn^vfisli" land is of snndl airriiuil-
tural \-alue. 'Jdic -amc i- trui- of tlie k.H^>e, liirht-
Init'd surface sand< known as Leon unless they
are drainetk No soil, lio\\e\'er, i> kopeless fnr tlie
raisiTiLr of some kind ot' crop so lung as it can l>e
fertiliz<'d or dradncd, or ko!h. It would, of course,
be folly for a man intending to raise citrus fruits
to ])urcha>t' land -uitable oioy foi- trut^k, or for
(uie meaning tu ^peeiaiize on eelery tu invest in a
tract (^f scrubby sand. Having' dncidod on your
ci'op, in\-c-tiLrate tlie subject of soil thomnirlily.
( >r, ha\inir icanhased your land, select tlie crop
to suit it. ddie Slate n.-pai-tnirn- of ALrricultui'e
will irladly alTord \a)u inwduakie aid in stich niat-
trrs.
From one io f<>uv cro]c< a yt-ar m;iy V>o ]^roduccdi
in I'durida, accordini: to the I'r^-ion. rainfall an<l
the kind aT<t\\n. At present idori'hFs pro(kaction
from her cultivated area is ronudily a:< follows:
Fruit (u-op-. .v-:n,(i()(pnnn; fa.M crops, >i:),(Hin,riOO:
truckiiiLT c!Mp., si 1,000,000; root crop<, .<4.!»0(n)on ;
nkn^cellaneou- crops, $3,000,0()i^ ; live stock, $;k-
2aO,UUO; i)eiili!'\ and Oggs, ^S,UOO,UOO ; milk and
I'uttor, ^f7Ji>",oiin.
I-doridaV- nuirket is close at hand, slie is well
>uppli.d with transi)ortation facilities and her
future as an agricultural state is secure. At pres-
92
LET'S (;() TO FLORIDA!
it' i
I <i
V
ent the state's surface has licni littk* more tliaii
scratcliod ; what Floriihi is eapabh' of (ioiiii:: in the
supplyinti: of food products to the rest (tf tlie coun-
try is somethin^^ that can be only ii:ucss(Ml at. Ah
ready she U^ads in the production of winter-grown
vegetables, — more than 100,000 car loads yearly,
— in the number of growing days, and in variety
of croi)s, estimated at over two hundred and fifty.
She stands at the head of all states in the produc-
tion of grapefruit, winter tomatoes, celery, cocoa-
nuts; second as to oranges and watermelons;
third as to lettuce— $L892,000 worth annually—
fourth as to cabbacre. She produces more pota-
toes than Maine and more celery than Michigan.
In short, she ships at ])resent one-tenth of the
fresh fruit and vegetables of the country.
The growing of citrus fruit is still the leading
agricultural industrv. AMiile everv countv in the
state will produce them, only thirty-five are at
present engaged in the commercial i^n'owing of
oranges and grapefruit. From these counties
come nearly one-half of the citrus fruits of the
country. Some 2G0,000 acres are givi^n over to
this crop; about 20,000,000 trees, of which 12,-
000,000 are bearing. At that, from five to ten
million acres of land suitable for citrus croj)s are
still available. Marketing is largely done through
a cooperative organization known as the Florida
Citrus Exchange, althouirh the independent
packer still exists in considerable numbers. In
r
^.
X
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
92
LET'S no TO FLOKIDA!
ent the state's surface has been little Tiiore than
scratched; what Florida is capable of doinir in the
supplying of food products to the rest of the coun-
trv is somethine: that can be only guessed at. A I
ready she lead^ in the pruductiuii u\ \\ inii-r-Lrruwn
vegetables, — moii' ilian 100,000 car load- yraily,
— in the number of Ln-owiniLr days, and in variety
of crops, estiniattMl at ovt-r two hundrtM] and til'ty.
She starnls at tlif la^ad of all states in {lie pi-oduc-
tion of gra}Jefruil, winter tumatues, celery, eueua-
iiuts; socond as to oranges and ^vatormolnns;
third as to h.'tluee — $l,^r»L!.nnn wui'th annruilly—
fourth as t-) cabbage. She ])roduces more pota-
toes than Maine and more ceh-rx' than Mit•]liu^an.
In short, she ships al present one-tenth of the
fro-h frnit aiid vegetables of the countr\'.
The LToAnnL: of citrus fruit is still the leading
agrienltnrril industry. While every count}' in the
t^tate will produei' ile'm, only thirty-li\-e are at
present engaged in the comnaTcial i:ro\\inLr ot'
oranires and irraiifi'mit. l-'rom these counties
Com*' nearly on'-hall' ol' the eitru- fiaiit- ot' the
countrv. Soni.' LiGO.OOO acres are is'ivrw ovrv to
this erup; about 20,000,000 trees, of whieli 1l\-
000,000 are bearing. At tl^nf. from five to ten
million acres of land suitable \''>v riwii- er<i|i< are
still ax'ailal']''. Mar;{t't!nL: i< larLT-'S' done throuirli
a cooperative organization known as th.- hlorida
Citru- Fxelinnge, although the independent
packer still exists in ce.nsiderable numlier?. Tn
f
x
y.
AGRTCrLTURE
93
1924 moro than 8,r)00,000 boxes of grapefruit and
i:),4()(),(){){) boxes of oranges were shipped from
tlie state.
Field crops include corn to the amount of
17,000,000 bushels, peanuts to the amount of
rj,0OO,000 bushels, velvet beans to the amount of
2,000,000 ])usliels. Commercial truck crops com-
prise lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbages, pep-
I)ers, strawberries, celery and many others. St.
Joliu's (^ounty produces more than a million dol-
lars worth of white and sweet potatoes annually,
while Volusia, Flagler and Alachua each raise
about $200,000 worth. Marion, Seminole and
Suwanee Counties each grow more than $2,-
000,000 worth of field and truck crops annually.
Polk County leads in the production of citrus fruit
with 4,000,000 boxes a year. Hillsborough, Pinel-
las, De Soto, Orange and Volusia each grow more
than one million boxes. Marion, Alachua, Gads-
den, Madison, Okaloosa and Jackson each raise
$100,000 worth of sugar cane a year. Polk County
leads in the commercial growing of grapes. Two-
year-old vineyards are yielding close to four tons
per acre, the selling price of which is from twenty
to sixty cents per pound.
The growing of winter tomatoes is a large and
ever-increasing industry, the shipments during
the 1023-24 season amounting to 4,276 car loads.
The yield per acre varies from seventy-five to
three hundred crates, and the cost of production
94
LET'S GO TO FLninDA!
Irum suvt'iity-five to one iinr.-lrr.i ;ni(l twontv-five
dollars por arrp. The cost on in.- market i.' rsti-
iiiatril at about one doll.ii- p. i- vvnir. 'I'jie coin-
nicrrial \;: rieties gfrown are the Li\inLr>i()no
(ilol>t', wiiirli i< plaiiU'd to lliu extent of nearly
nii.ty por ront of all arrcage, Stone, Karly !).■-
troii, r^nrida Sp. rial. Kai'IIaaa and I^'auty. Tlio
irrowin- lini.' a\Ti-a-.'s between M\ty and ninety
days except for th- Li\ ing:=luiiu (dlube which gen-
erally rrquires about one hinvlrpd aiid foiirtr'pn
day^. The season starts the middle of Dr^mihrr
and CMntinn.- w.-d Into June, the bulk oi' tli.' >hip-
pinir oc.Minndi- trom ^Farch 20th to May l-~l.
<>l Inttucu Idurida shipped duriug the above
HL'iisoii 2,087 carloads. The crate valuo wa< '^\:2:\
The avorarr-' yirM i. ai-onad 254 crates or hain-
|)t'r< an a<Tr, although a figur.- l,irLr-l\- in ('xcess of
tins Is enininMM ia specially favorahlo loralith'S,
d6 around iJradenton and Sanford. Xiup hun-
dred hannpors por ar^re has been set up as a r-cord.
'Hip hrM prices f.-r !]..■ Florida ].!-..duct is ob-
tained ia Xovember, I-k-hruai-y a!:d Man-h. Scnu-
i!')ha Manatee, < >raiigL' and .Mariuu Counties arc at
prudent the ])ri!Ma*pa] produrors of Irttucn. Bif^*
■Ronton. Crpain P.um.t, Iceberir a!id Ixonialne are
the wirieties pfft'-nvd. Florida Ic'liorLT. how-
♦'^■''J'- i- not ('.jual to th." Falit'oraia lottnc' of that
^■arh'ty, iinee the hdurida \\int rr niirhts are not
sufhciently cool to allow it to head-up w, 11. ]]\^
Boston niaCiros in fr^-ui l]]'\v to .Ixtv davs from
AGRICULTUIU:
95
the seed, Iceln'rir in from sixtv to sevontv. Cali-
iornui is Floi'ida's stroiiLrest comjjetltor iu the
marketing of luUuee, with Texas next.
Back in eiirhteen hnndred and sometliing an At-
lanta, (JeoTL'-ia, seedsman named Hastings came
snooplnir around St. John's County. What he
found con\Iiicr(l him that the lower end of the
comity was an idml place for the raising of Irish
I)Otatocs, and he said as much. The assertion oc-
casioned ahotit the same deirree of hilarity as
would to-(iay m-et the pi'cdiction that Xova Scotia
is destined to he the world's principal banana pro-
ducini: country. No one had tried to irrow a white
])otato in a country where the yam lloiirished, and
ne\vs|)apci-s an(l individuals held the prophet up
to <:ood-naturc(l ridhade. But some one did trv to
grow white })otatoes eventually, and n(nv the im-
mense territory around TTastinirs, St. John's
County, is one of the linest li'i-h ])otato st^ctions in
the world. From S0(),000 to 1,000,000 l)ushcls a
y<'ar is the re.-ult of lla>tini:s' folly. Some ten
>cai's latiT Senator A. S. Mann occasioned more
incredidity wh^n he advocated the growing of
Celery. Xo one would lauirh at him to-day in the
\-icInIty of Saiiford. More recently, although
bananas ha\-e been grown In Floiada jjfardens from
the days of tho first settlement, folks in ireneral
grinnei] wIicti the jirojecf oi' commercial plant-
inirs ot^ that fruit wa< mentioned. In 1924 Lee
County produced 28,000 bunches and Hillsborough
96
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
County ri'Mrly ir),or!(i. Avocado ])t'ars wore prar-
ticallv uTikiiowii to Florida twriitv-tive vears airo.
To-day, alth'iuirh tlif r!itt'r])risr of ixrowiiiij: them
is still in its infancy, upwards of $^00,000 worth
are marketed. IIillsl)oroui:h County produced
over five million (piarts of strawberries last sea-
son, representing the tidy sum of a million and a
half dollars.
Crop diversity is certainly somethini^: to cheer
about in a state where the merry little radish and
the golden pineapj^le l^o to market sid(^ l)y side!
At the risk of tiring the reach^r — who ]Hn'haps is
no more iiiteresteil in aijrriculture than the writer
is in theosophy — here are a few, only a few, of the
two hundred and fifty things which are profitably
grown in Florida : oranges, grapefruit, bananas,
peaches, figs, pears, plums, avocados, grapes,
watermelons, cantaloupes, berries of many sorts,
tomatoes, beans and more beans, Brussels sprouts,
caulifiower, cabbacre, collards, asparagus, beets,
rutabagas, peas, dasheens, celery, corn, white po-
tatoes, sweet potatoes, cowpeas, cassava, castor
beans, cucumbers, eggplant, okra, lettuce, mus-
tard, onions, parsnips, peppers, kale, pumpkins,
radishes, kohlrabi, spinach, squashes, turnips,
peanuts, guavas, sucrar cane, cotton — long and
short staple — carrots, lemons, limes, pinea})ple8,
rape, tobacco, c(^coanuts, persimmons — but what's
the use? If you have somethintr you want grown
fetch it alone! Anvthing, that is, save bread-
AGRICULTURE
9:
making grains. And, at that, wheat can't be said
to be outside the possibilities, since alreadv Mr.
Raymond M. Champ, experimenting with Bur-
bank wheat at St. Petersburg, has grown a satis-
factory crop — and without fertilizer.
But all this is only a beginning. Next year there
will be many more farms, little farms of from ten
to twenty acres, likely, and many more carloads
of produce will go rolling northward to feed the
liungry ; such of them, that is, as aren't already in
Florida ! It is said that with but half the fertile
land in the state put under cultivation Florida
could feed sixteen of the — well, whatever nmnber
of states there are now. And perhaps in another
ten years she will be doing it.
It mustn't be thought, however, that one can go
to Florida, purchase land and then merely sit
down and await his profits. The farmer or truck
gardener or fruit grower must work, just as he
must work anywhere else. Florida offers no
prizes to the idle. Wliat she does offer is certain
and generous rewards to the industrious. The
man who has made a failure of everything he
has undertaken will probably be no better ofif
wdth a piece of Florida land on his hands than he
was before. The man who arrives witli two or
three hundred dollars for capital will surely go
broke; unless, that is, he is fortunate enough to
find an occu])ation that will (liable him to live
while his grove or patch is developing and that
98
LET'S GO TO FLoHIDAI
\vill allow him sufficient time eadi <]ay \n drvrlop
it. And suc'L uccupations a it l.ar.i t«> tind. Some
iiirii who are now o\Miers of profitah.h- i'arm> or
trrn\-,'- (iid I'eacli Flr.ri-la wif1i iinf tiiu<']! inoro than
riiouLM. money to make an ii:i*ia! pa\-m<'!it on a
piece of land and a, determination to win. If the
dclurmination lu iUcccud i^ .-trong enomrli, woll
and good; this advice is not for the intVcouuiit
possessor of that brand of d.-t. rmin.ation. < ithors,
l.nwaver, should go to hh^ri-hi in-foar-'d to hdutr
and spend. Remember that if you aic iroini: to
raise oranges a wait ui fium six tn iiLcht y<ars is
ahead of you, since i^ will bo tliat long bofoir your
trees will reach the stage of cnnnn.nraal hoaiimr.
If >ou intend to plant tni'k \iair wait will be
fchoitur, of course, but your expenses will be
hoavy. Clearing the land h-> a >io\v and oarnost
business, unless, of cour^p. von nro fortunate
enoiL'h to purchase a tract alr-ad;/ clearrd : \i)V
which ;.m:i will pay a good roun'i price. In -nme
])ar':>: uf the state, loecilitit'< wlau'.' tho revenue
from established farms and tiia k iKiicliLb is very
larL'-e, clearing the land is only iha fir<t and loast
oxp^-nsive step. V/inter r.iinfall i- too >nia!l to
}m depended on and so irriLMt i(>:i inu-t ho n^-d,
and ii-ngation means oul- or mni'f ar^'-ian wrUs.
XuL infrequently it is neces^^ary t<> drain the hmd
by open or blind ditches, the iatler, of cour^o,
tiled. lu short, there are places vk' re the (•o>t
of preparing an acre of gr(nind lor .-e^d or trees
AGKICULTLKE
99
wdl amount to as mra-h as four liundrod (hjllars.
iiowever, lest this .-uund uunecessanlv discour-
^^gi^igj y^iJ ai-e ]\'n]inded that in snch sections a
ton-arro t;-act is a mora'V-rnakor and tlirtt three
crops annually are tak-n off.
Santorth in Smiinoh' County, one of the state's
husu'-t and mu-t thriving cities, is a fair exam])le
of what can bo dnno with the riirht conditions of
hmd and >oil and the application of seicntitie
principles. Sanford's prosperity is chietly due to
the successful i/rowing of celery. Other cro])s are
produced; lettuce, escarole. ])e|)])ors, strawl)erries,
corn; but mlory is what the Sanford district
hanks on; and, as thei'e lias never lieeii a crop
tailure since 1899, wh.-a the first carload was
started northward, it is pretty ^afe banking. San-
iurd— and by Sanford is moaTit a cnn-iderahle sec-
tioTi of tlie miiTitry round about the citv— is fortti-
^i''^'' '!i hax-inir the es<entiaN for cehTy enlture:
abundant water, h'\-el land, liardpan at tfie riirlit
distance under the surface to form a water table,
a coarse subsoil and a surface soil of <andy loam
of the proper por<)-it>- to allow tli" di-Mahut ion of
moisture. Ahoat tliree thouvaa.j ;!,.rr< of land are
now in (ailli\;iti<.n, fr(»ni which, in 19:^4, seven
thousand carloads of })roduce wrvo tabpin Sub-
irriiration i<v- i^^n(]^ flip wa-^.^r e.)nii!:- from a de|»th
of appi-oxiuialely one hnndr.M] ;irj .ixtv feet
tkroinrh ai'tevian \vrll<. Practically every aere of
truck land lu the district is tiled fur irriLration and
lUO
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
(IrainaL^'. As mnuy a< ft)ur crops are fre(|Uontly
takrii clT thi- land, but the usual number is three,
pepp'-rs or h'Uurr followini: the celery and corn
ser\"inLr f<»r tho tinal crn|). ('ooporative market-_
iiii: is ^^'ell cstablishe(l. This in-tance has been
cited to sin.w that in PTorida, as in all other places
the world over, the irrower must put money into
his land b♦■t^3re he can take money out. Every
acre of Sanford truck land now producing crops
represent > the expenditure of much money as well
as labor. < ■Icarini:. fcncini:, irriiratinir, draining:,
fertllizinir, >prayip.ir — all these thinirs cost. It is
idle for any one to hope to win real success in any
Itranch of airricult ur*- in P'lorida unless he is will-
inir and able to buy that success not only with the
etlorts of mind and body l)ut with hard coin of
the realm. There are, of course, other crops than
celery, and such intensive farminii: as ,o:oes on
about Sanford is not always necessary, but never-
theless the rule holds irood for any line of aurri-
cultural endeavor. But, to return to the optimis-
tic side of thimrs, it is yx'rfectly |)ossil)le to start
oil in a small way; take a small bit*^ before you
tackle the whole |)ie; and there is certainly no
state where a u-reater interest on the invested
principal can be ol)tained.
The Florida State PTxperimeiit Station has been
and is doine excellent service' for farmers and
fruit trrowers. Located at Oainesville, it has
branches at Quincy for experimental work in
AGRICULTURE
101
tobacco, at Lake Alfred in the interests of citrus
fruits, and at Belle Glade for general agriculture.
It also conducts six laboratories throughout the
state for the study of various plant diseases. At
Gainesville one hundred and twelve lines of in-
vestigation are being pursued.
Another aid to Florida growers is the State
Marketing Bureau located at Jacksonville. Es-
tablished in 1917, and supported by the tax on
fertilizer, it keeps in touch with market conditions
throughout the country and can at once supply re-
liable information as to prices at any locality,
the names of dealers in fruit and produce and
advice on shipping matters. Its services are free.
CHAl'Ii.K VIII
A;.iDE irom airri.-uhiir.., ^^h^u■h t.Tin Is iisr.l liore
to iTidiido thr^ friut nAn:.iry and, l.y spiH-ial pn^tic
licvi-.-, th- .iairv. i.uiilirv nil (1 livestock iiKlu>trir>,
FlnrldaV iiu'ona' i< drrixvl In.m qnit.' a varu'ty
of sources. In ronn.l fnrnr.'^, niannfarturcs l.nnic
in sl5u,UUU,UUU; IuiuUt s;^i m )i)0,00() ; naval storrs
s2n i)00,000; minora^ $1;],UUIVJUU; the ri>linn: busi-
ness ^U 000,000. AikL "last l^nt by no nn-aiis Irast,
I • -t ' 1 .,^-.. nLtrr tl-an -l'>o 000 000 ])(']rinil thorn
/ visitors iva\ t' nn»ii luau •, i
each vcar. .
Ju^at th-t it i. dllileult t.. iliinh m Florida a<
a nnnmg state, but, Avhile .he i. haiv of invr.nn^
or.-^ ^he is doln- a v.tv ronsidprablo hn^me^s m
th. mii.nal line. Ki^ht niillim:^ .-f dnlhirs ^vns
5 thu viuld of h.T phosi^hatr niiiM- in on-' yrar, and
TnoT^thanannllinnwa^d^.riv.d t i-nm tho minnnr
I of fuller's .anil. In V.'-:> th. .tata sii]M) u;d
ei-htv-hv. lur .-n' of all ].hospbato rock sold m
/ the counirv. Fhosphate rock is a hu^iry irom
the riinoene a-s ^-mrrin- principally m^ nlk
a.,1 ]Iil;.boroii-h Counties, in \hr form oi _ land
|,..phh- ].hosphate, and in Alachua. L-vy, Citrus,
Mariuii'and Snrapter Connth- a^ hard mck pirns-
piialc A third ^ariety, soft rock, is found with
^ 102
INDUSTRIES 103
tlio otliors, ])i]t so far lias not 1)(m-!i commercially
recovtTciL Co\v-irra<lr i.ho-pliatcs aru found in
\-arious other counties throughout the state and
will douhtloss come into use eventually. At pres-
ent practically the entire out])Ut of hard rock and
ahout oned'ourlh that of jjehhle is exported. The
l)alance is used within thr Cnited :States, and sev-
eral c()m])anies in Flori<la are omraced in the man-
ufacture of commercial fertiliziu's.
Fuller's earth is a mai'l clay wliidi. havin.i^ been
freed from imi)urities, is crushed and sifted into
four standard irrades iis,-(] for clai'ifyinir mineral
oils, for refinimr vegetable an<l minrral fats, for
removinir the irrease from wook-n goods after
manufacture and as a hasis for |)aints and cos-
metics. It was discover. m] in this country for the
first time in ISDo at (Jnincy, (bidsden County,
Florida. Since then it has keen found in several
other localities, notakly in :\Ianat(^e Count v.
Kaolin or cbina clay has a wide distribution
llironirhout th(> state, but is mined only in Lake
and Putnam (/ounties. Florida kaolin is of su-
perior (piality and is shijiprd in the raw state
to th(^ whiteware potttuurs of the North. Clavs
suitable for the manufacture of brick, tile, drain
pipe, stonewar.^ and common pottery are f(Hind
in larire (h'po-it<. Florida manufactured L'0,000,-
000 ])i-i(-k in l!lL\-^ from her own clay.
Infusorial earth, or fo-.vil niral --diatoniite is its
scientiiic name— was foinid a few vears since at
V
104
LKTS 00 TO FLORIDA!
y
Tavaro?, in Lak*' rouiity, j.y Cliarlt^s Lindlcy-
"Wood, (li>|)atrlu'd to tlii> country hy tiie Ki^di^ii
Admiral!}- in tlir hopi' that he wmiUl he ahle to
(lis(H)\"t'r (K'{)0>i's of the vahiahlf mineral at a
time whvii Knirhmd's own supply on the Isle of
Skye wa> depleted. The deposit was, liowever,
iirvvv workinl, since the armistice was signed and
the need of the nuiterial ]iassc'd for the time. The
death of the heaviest investor, in tlu^ last days
of the War, ])lacrd the Tavares ])lant in chancery,
and hence the depo-it still remains where Nature
placed it. However, persistence on the ])art of
Mr. Charles LindleyAVood, Juiiior, led to tlie dis-
covery of a Second de|)Osit some two years later
a dozen miles from Clermont, als.i in Cake County.
Diatomite is now heinL^ successfully mined there
on a >eventy-f]ve-aere tract and is sellini!: at from
two hundred to thr.'C hun<lre<l dollars a ton. It
iri 99.:] prr cent ])ure as airainst tlie 9l^ per cent
of tlic California article. No matter what ex-
travaL^ant claims California may choose to make
for In-r climate, In-r mountains, her raisins or
her motion-})ieture stars, >he mu>t forever re-
main sih-nt on the suliject of diatomite.
Prol'ahly you are wonderinir why so much fuss
i- l.eiuL' made ahoiit somethiuK you never heard
of lit'fore. Tht' writer, from his superior —and
v-'rv lat*-lv ar'.jiilrt-d wixlom, will procecfl to en-
liLditi-n \ou. In i^- ^vav infusorial <*art}i is just
about
ii a
\-ahiaM
old. Perhaps m(»re so, for
INDUSTRIES
105
gold won't stand up in front of a blow-torch for
forty-ei^dit Inuirs without even getting warm,
which is what a brick of diatomite will do — and
like it. It's the most perfect insulating material
known, resist inir both heat and cold as nothing
else will. And it's (juite as handy for insulation
against soutkI, and the writer would like very
much to lu-ini.^ that fact to the attention of the
builders of modern apartments. It is also ex-
tremely liglit in weiirht. As a fire brick it has all
the other tire brick faded, one of its kind doing
the work of twenty-inne of the other sort. (It
\vould have been easier to lia\-e written thirtv, but
twenty-inne is the cori-ect number.) It does this
at a saving of two dollars and fifty-one and one-
half cents, and, of course, if you save that much
every time you lay a lire brick — well, fiirure it
out for yourself. But in-ulation and fire-proof-
ing areiCt diatomite 's only uses, not bv a loiii^
shot. It miirht well ])e calltMl the hair]nn of the
mineral world. It is utilized in makim: all sorts
of things fi-om rubber, including autoniolnh^ tires
and phonoirraph records; it is useful in the man-
ufacturi^ of explosives, insulating ftdt, fireproof
paint, glass, porcelain, pottery, filterin.L: nuiterial,
grinding stones, safety matches, fireworks, calico,
tootli powder, fac(^ pow.ler, dental cream and
numerous othrr tlilnL:<: and if can p.^lish gla<<
and lenses and i-etine suLrai'. Ci bri.-f. diatomite
IS an extremely u.-eful thing to have around.
lOf^
LKT'S Go Tu FL'tlilDA!
TLt' deposits occur iu mar^ii-liiu I'ormatiuii,
"havincr hr-on stowpM-] awny fhoro maTi\' Ininilrrds
of thoiisauds of years before the dawn of }ii>t()ry.
Tla' diatom i- a i !< >uMp-celled ()rL:;nii>in which,
under prnprp cuiidiLions, ^a'nw,^ in froh >|)ring
water aii<} inultiplios with a rapidity thnt is <iuite
scandah)ii<. Ail \'«iu ha\"»' to havr- nii liand ^^'h^Tl
yr.ii waiit \o see a <ii;t'oni i- n l/J'iii-niultiph' lai-
croscop", and it takf^ onl\' a fonph' ot' hillioii of
thfin to niaku an inch cube. Xatni'ally, it took
• luite a \\!nlc fnv flio dintom<, as bu-y as they
\vt'!"tn to iorin a d''ji"-it iVoin fi\T to t wtnitydivo
i'»'ft (h'f[) over a;i ar-'a ot' jirohaMy forty acres.
AVlnit is left of tia-in to ila\n wliat is ])ciiiL: dried
iu i^ilns and puhv-cnzt'd and siflud, arc tlic skele-
ton? and hony oiitsidp Avonr of the tiny chaps.
Voii ar-' to un.h'r>tan<l, of course, tliat the diatonns
tla'n].-fl\'f-> arc i.uite (lfa«l, <h'ad tlcse thotisands
of \-ear>, and that ihoir litth' in-ido- have lonij;
since disappeared, leaving onl\' hillions and bil-
lions — and then some — of tiny hnljow <]!<■]]<. Tt
is this pfculiar lioHow t'orni ot' th*' >hflls which
e:ives to diatomito its poro-it\" and liL:htncs>, and
it is the puro.-itv wiiicii make.- it -o remarkably
nnTi-r'r)r.duotive. Scientists toll ns that in this par-
ti<aihar rt-Lrioni the diatoni-- w-nit out of business
hiitidreds of thousands of year- au^o, and tlnu'c
i- no c\idence to indicate that other diatoms ai'O
anywh'T.' b;ick at their trade, in .^hort, tiien,
vouiiL'" Mr. Lindlev-Wond and his associates — one
lXDUSTKiE;s
IU'
(d whom is a ^voman; you ju.st cand keep 'em out
of anythin^^ nowadays — have a miirlity crood thim:
at (dei-mont, and the writer grows gree]i with
envy every time lie di'aws a mental picture of
Mr. Lindley-Wood layinir tire brick as fast as lie
can lay them and makinir two dollars and fiftv-
one and onedialf cents with e\au'y lirick!
Ilmenite i> anothe]- out-of-the-way mineral that
is beinir producd in Floi'ida. llmeinte is an ii'om
titanium oxide foun-l with tlu' beach sand at }\Iin-
eral ('it\-, south of J^iblo Beach, Duval County.
li is n-cd extensively in the makinir of white
titanium oxide, a paint piirment. and also has a
l'''i<'^' ill tho mamd'acture of liiLdi-irrade steel.
With ilmeidte are found rutile, zircon and mona-
zitc, all of which have tlanr uses in s]>ite of the
tact that the writer never heard of them until the
other day.
Limestone exists in Florida, or under it, from
one end to the othoi'; all -orts (»f limestone; such
as Ocala, the oldest of all, occurrinir in western
and West-cent I'al poidions of the state and beini:
the most extensi\-ely us.'d stone for road-building
pur])oses; Chat tahoocln-e, Mariamia (ilendon,
i*alm Ih'ach. Miami— popularly c;db'd Ojus after
the town vh.-re it is mined— -Jacksonvide, Key
\\est oohtio. Key Lai-iro coralline, ])hosphatic
"if''^ coMuina. And, ma} bo, others. Shell marls
should be included, too, and there are several
X
108
LKT'S; no To FLORIDA!
IXDrSTRIES
109
recf)Lniizt'(i \-arit'tir< of those, all useful iu liiirli-
wa>' enlist ruei ion. Cotjuina, a >liell liinestoue
peculiar In the hhist C(»a>t in tlif \-icinity of St.
Auiru>tint*, was the first huildinir stone used in
America. Old Fuv\ Marion and \-arious of th(^
early huildir.irs of our oldrst city were constructed
of it, and it is still hfinir used as a huildiuLC ma-
terial. ThtU"e is, apparently, no wear-out to it.
Many of the other liniesP)ncs arc tM|ually useful
fur Ituildinir |)ur|ju6t\s, whih^ the lime industry
uses thousands of tons yearly. In M^'2'.-t more than
a million and a half tons of limestone pr(^ducts
Were j)roduc*'d with a value of .-<l,r)7-,(>nO. (Iravel
and sand together account for another ludf mil-
lion of the state's income. ]\N'Cently experiments
coniluctcd with the p. -at of which extensive d«^-
posits ai"e found in an<l ahout ^h^ Everirhides
reirion ha\^' pi'o\-.m1 it to he rich in fuel valu(\
Doctor Hohert I\an-oni. of .Miami, is certain that
the (rladfs coiitain suthcient ])cat to liirht every
liome and factory an^I electrify e\-ery transporta-
tion lint' in the state witliout really makinu: a <h'nt
in tlie deposit. And hl< experiments have sliown
that ammonium of >ulphatc to the value of sixty-
fi\'«' (h)llars can he recovere*] from Kvert^dades
peat at a co<t of twrnfy-fwo (h)llars. Mayhe som<'-
thintr (JoiuL^ th'Te !
AmoriL'' r'--onr-ees 8til] practically unde\'el(){)ed
arc dcp(jsit.^. of hug iron, ochtT and L'">'})sum. On
tlie uholo, von ^ee. p'lorada is not to he sniffe(l
at as a mineral state even if Ponce de Leon didn't
iind his gold I
The lumhering ])usiness is important. In spite
of tlie fact that mucdi of the forest has already
disappeared, liundreds of sawmills still turn out
well over ;i hillion iV-ct of lumher each year. Re-
forestation is something that must engage atten-
tion hefore loTig. Xaval stores— turpentine and
rosin— are produced to the extent of twenty mil-
lions of dollars. Fishing is an immense and grow-
ing industry, including the taking and export of
both fresh and salt-water food fish, turtles,
oysters and sponges. More than six hundred
varieties of fish, not all used for eating, however,
inhabit the Florida waters. Along the Gulf coast
are numerous companies emraged in commercial
fishing who control larire fleets of vessels and
maintain docks an<l packiiiir plants. Punta Gorda
alone does a business of approximately one mil-
lion dollars a year. The fish when caught are
taken to the nearest icing station, many of which
are scatt(Ted aloncr the coast, and are then re-iced
at Punta Gorda and ship])e<l to the northern
markets in r.d'ri-erator cars. The shipments to-
tal in the Tieiirhborhood of ton million pounds a
year. About two thousand fishermen make their
head.puirters at Punta (b.rda. The market there
includes mullet, king and Spanish mackerel, pom-
])ano, trout, red bass, irrouper, pike and blue run-
ner. Sarasota also goes heavily into coumierciul
\
110
LKT'S GO TO FLoinDA!
li>hiiig, while inlaii'l at Lake ( ikcTliolift' immense
Lauis of catlic^li aru madu and ^iiippcMl noi'tliward.
The nv^ter industrv i> larc-olv sriilfd a^nut
. AiKdaeliicola Ba\-, althoiudi cdiMe oysters occur
in all coastal waters around the state. The
sponirc ii.-iicric- aru i »!•.■* \v wuU concL-ntratfd at
Tarpon Springs, altliouirh the industry still per-
sists at T\r-y TTest.
Florida is not yet a mainifachirini: state, Imt
she has close to $200,000,000 invested in I'aciorics.
borne of the things turnud out arc iertilizcrs,
ciirars. frnit and vegetable contninors, riirnr
boxes, brushes and lironms, .-yi-np. caniuMJ iVuits
and jellies, tapioca, pap^r, niontr trucks, per-
fumes, cement products, lni<d:, tile, I'urnituic an<l
candy. Thu cigar Innsincss is practically state-
wide, nl^hmnrh Tampa lia- lonir Innd a monojtoly
of it. Nearly fifty millions ciirar- ai-e produced
in the latter city alone ever-}- mout li— sL\()()i).()n()
a \''ar, in fact — by more dian titteeu thousand
worker.-, who were paid in VJ.14 j'ust 5i;l5,Qi!l,:'s-_!.
The canning industry is erowimr at leaps and
I'ound-, and, if tlie makiriLr of j-llies aiid pi-eser\'es
and fruit syrups be included, aeroiini-, tnr a con-
sidtraMe part of the state's revenue from mann-
factoru'^'. Xiu-'ierous lesser indu-f rie:<, many of
tli^m novel, the latter lucliidimr the utilization
of palmetto for lumber, paximr I'loek^, 1nai<lies,
lu-oom^ and soap, are still in tlc'i!' infancy. The
prudueiiun of tung oil has been started in Alachua
]Nd)rSTRTES:
111
County and may bucume one of the great indus-
tries. Tung, or Chinese wood-oil, is ohtained
from the nut of the tung tree and is of great value
to the paint and varnish industry. And there are
those who liope, Mr. Kdi-^on among them, that
Florida w ill one day produce the bulk of the rnh.-
])er u.ve.l in thi^ country. An excellent ].a|)er has
been made fiorn the saw grass wdiich abounds all
throuirh the Everglades, and ^^llenever, or if ever,
those who cnuti'ol ihu papcT lun-iness see tit an-
other and notable industry will ho added.
One more infant industi-y deserves a Avord.
Bees in Flori.ht yhld more honey than the same
critters do in other states. The ALM-iculiural De-
partment says bo, and u ought to know. .Mr. K.
J. P>laine, of St. Petersburg, says so, too. anid he
ouirht to know even better. Mr. IMaine came fr(mi
]\Iiehiiran---(;rand Txapid,^, to be precise— and
turnrd i"rom nudvung furniture — is an\-tliing made
in (J rand loipids save furniture? — to keepinu' a
bee, or. I'adier, a considerable numh.er of bees.
He started in a \-.ry .-mal] wa}-; a tiny -liack and
a wIirclbiiiTdw were his principal (npiipnumt.
That was moi'c than ten }-''ars age>, whicli dou])t-
less explain^ why Mi-. I)laine ]<o]^f a whrclhai-row
instead ot' a Vi^v^l. I'Mnu^ a cnd^iui'tmakei- hv
trade, makii!-- hcMuNr,- was a simple matter to
^J"' reformed M i.'!!iL:ai!d''r, a:;d he soon had lii^
small iarm dotted with the contraptions. Natu-
rally, havimr a lot of beehives on hand he thomrht
\
i
112
LET'S (}() TO FLORIDA!
/
of putniig bt'i'S in tlicm. Or pt^'rhaps iio tlioiii^ht
of tlh' ItT'O? first. Anyhow Mr. IMaine has live
hiHiiirtMl ('(ih)nifs of haisy worktTs now and thin'
arc turnini: out for him twenty-four thousand
]M)un(L< of hont'V overv voar. Wliich iust sliows
liow Floriila Ih'cs will respond to kindness and
apprt'ciat*' real irood homes. Mr. Blaine has given
np til*' wlif-rlliarrow and to-(h\y his product is sent
to .^hippinir [)oints in motor trucks. In a book of
this sort it i< vt-rv ru-cessarv to abstain frora even
the suspicion of ad\-ertisinir, and so the fact that
Mr. Blaine's honev is wi(h'lv and favorably
known as "Oranirc Blend LL)ney" must remain a
secret. Aithouirli, if it should someliow iret out
the ensniiiLr ])nblicity would probably not be be-
grudL'-ed to a p)crsor. of Mr. Blaine's coura^i^e and
indu-try. Both Mr. Blaiiit^ and tlie aforemen-
tionc] ALrrieultural Department are authority for
the statement that in an avcratrc yi^ar eiirlitv
potmd^ cf honey per colony is t!i«^ usual yield.
Thi- i- mnvi' than twice as much as is produced
]>('T fTilni y jr, ^r^Tiy other statc. Two varieti(^s are
rccHLTized. tupclo and oramrc blossom, and in
^luali^y they rank W!*}i the })e<t in the country.
Other indu-trie^ wliich, if they scarcely may
!»e ea;]'-d any IniiL^er infant <, are e(>rtainly no more
than j']\'er:ile-. are tlie nursery business and the
growing of bulb<. f.-rii< and cut tlowers. There
are several larL''e and sueees^ful nurseries in the
state, not;, [,]".■ at ( ineco and (JleFi Saint Marv, and
IXDUSTRIES
11
nnmerons lesser ones, ])ut tliere is still room
for many more. The growinir of bulbs is a prom-
ising field, es{)ecially since the United States has
shut down on the importation of plants and
bulbs from al)road. It has already been demon-
strated that the so-called Bermuda lily can be
profitably raised in Florida as well as ])ractically
all other mc^mbers of the lilv familv. At St.
Petersburg Mr. Raymond Cliamp has gone ex-
tc^nsively into the business of raisiinr lily and
gladioli l)ulbs, as well as iris and dahlia roots,
for market. lie also ships cut tlowers. lie is
doing well, so well that the original fourteen acres
is soon to become thirty. The ''asparagus fern'*
industry is W(>11 established at several ])oints,
some three hundred acres being devoted to the
growing of this climber for the Northern florist
trade. Swc)rd f(Tns are also grown for market.
Mushrooms may be grown out of doors in Flor-
ida, under shelters, or in above-ground sheds. A
three-acre enterprise is already under way at
I'alatka.
Si *
CHAlTEi; IX
SCHOOLS ASU LULLKuES
Education in Florida began v/ih the S|);uiis]i
missions, but it is a far cry Hum tlio>r rudi'
fcliurts to the schools and colleges oi' today.
Florida's educational irrMwt]; ].as been siir|)ri>iiii^^
when one considers that it has all lak* ii ])la('(' in a
comparatively brief time. Scarcely nmrc tliaii a
[\ century ago the state, or territory n^ it \vas tlun,
A established an educational system \\ lit n every six-
/' teenth section of land in the newly oriraniziMl ter-
l ritory was reserved by act of Congress tor tlu}
maintenance of schools. But the posse^^.-ioii of
thousands of acres of forest nnd swamp un-
claimed by the settler was not .1 lm. at -^ouicc of
income, and the establishing of free sclionj- went
slowly. For that matter, so <iM the settlimr ii])
of the territory, and not until ailLi thu Civil War
did the state's educational system 1m mmo a prac
tical factor. Since then its growtli lia> 1). < ii
a'n.'jst startling. To-da>; Florida's pal. lie >. hool
system, while still capable oi imp! u\ rui* nt, is
fully equal to that of many far olth r -tatos; ami
improvement is taking place stea<]il\.
Florida is particularly proud of her state-siip
ported colleges, the University oi I'hjiida an<l
114
SCHOOLS AND ( (»LLLOES
113
the State Cuilege lor Wumuu, Loth approvr-d
l»y the Association of Colleges and Secondary
Schools of tlif Sniitlaa-ii Spites, and the former
hy that national aeere'liiiLi: agency, the A.-soeia-
tion of Anirriean Cniversities. The I'nivLT.-ity
of Florida is but twuniy \rar- oM, and to havt^
attained equal standing: with coilrire^ of five and
six times its age is surely somethinir to boast of.
The I'niversity of Florida ht'iran in li^C) with
an eTir(»llment of l/.ii students, a faculty of tifteon
and buildimrs to the niimher of three. Ttv.iay
the enrollment is 1.747. tie* faculty ntimber 123
and the liuildimrs sixteen. Loea.ted at (uiinesville,
Alachua County, n.tar th.e northern en.d of the
peninsula, the rnivur-ity's hirir.^ eam|^u< and
handsome l)uildinirs add to t!:e hean'v of <^tie i^^i
the state's most atti-aeM\'e to\vT|<. ln>tructi«m in
arts anil scienc-'S, airi'iculture. architecture. hu<i-
ness administration, conainerce, erigiriee^rinL:, jour-
nalism, iXHlairoiry, law, inilinu-y science, physical
trainimr and mu^ic i^ '^dven ur-ler the ext^er'enced
direction of one ol t!ie South's most notable C'lu-
cationali^ts, Ooctco- A. A. ^Nhirphree. Residents \
of the state pa>- wo tuition fees, save in the l.aw
College. Xonroidents are required to pay .^'Ji^
per semester. Hxpen^r's are extremely modei-ate.
The l^'hoida S'ate College for AX'^men, at Tah
lahas>ee, was established in 1905 in a very small
\\a\, ha\ iiiL;- then but four buildings i>et in a
campus ut" tliirteen acres. To dav the carapus has
X
116
LET'S no To FLORIDA!
L
;i
/
expanded to tifty acres, there ar.> tliirteen biiild-
intrs. of which eleven are modern structures of
brick, and there is aL^o additional land to the
extent of two hundred and thirty acres, largely
used as a dairy and truck farm to supply the
wants of the colleire. The present plant is valued
in excess of a million and a half dollars. The
four dormitories accommodate more than eight
hundred students and a large dining hall is capa-
ble of seatinc: eleven hundred. Other buildings
are the administration and education buildings,
science hall, library, training school, gymnasium,
infirmary and primary training school, the latter
now used for general purposes. Li spite of these
facilities the clleL^' is still unable to accept all
applicants for admission. At the present time
the ^'nrollment i< just under one thousand. Its
faculty numl^ers forty-seven members. In addi-
tion to the staiidar<l courses in liberal arts, the
colleire offers the advantages of a normal school
and a school of home economics; and in summer
conducts a summer course for two months for
tlie arT'ommodation of teachers in servic<^ in the
I)ublir' seliDoI^. The campus is a verv lov(dv (^x-
pan-<- of r)ak-^harled and welMandscaped ground
iK-ar tlic old Oa[)itol.
H<^^id«-^ tlji- .^t;it*' institutions for learning,
Florida ruairitalri- a nnnibrr of <'ndowed or pri-
vately >nj,port<-d coUi-Ln-s. Of t},ps<' Hollins Ool-
legp. at WinN'r Lark, is the oldest and most im-
SCIIOOLS AND COLLEGES
117
portant. It was organized in 1885 and has pros-
pered exceedingly ever since. It enjoys a superb
location on Lake Virginia, its buildings follow-
ing the curve of the shore and facing the water.
With such a situation, and with a climate which
allows outdoor work almost constantlv, it is not
surprising that Rollins draws half its attendance
from the North. It ofTers a four-year academic
course leading to A.B. and B.S. degrees, and has
besides departments of Business Administration
and Music. Rollins College has recently honored -
herself and one of the country's foremost citizens '
by inviting to the presidency Hamilton Holt, •
former editor of The ludcpeuchnt, lecturer of 1
note and, in 1924, candidate for tlie Governor-
ship of Connecticut. The new president began
his incumbency at Rollins last September.
Stetson University, at De Land, was founded
and endowed by John B. Stetson — naturally, the
football team is known as the ''Hatters" — and
is the ofiicial Baptist college of the state. Its
campus, sj^rinkled with moss-draped oaks, con-
tains many fine modern buildings which accom-
modate some five hundred students. It otTers lib-
eral arts courses and courses in law and engi-
neering. Other de]>artments are being developtHl
with the aid of an income close to a million dollars
yearly.
On Lak(^ llollinLrswortli, at Lakelanii, is South- \
orn College, supported by the Methodists. This
i'
118
LET'S do TO FLORIDA
iTisfifiifinn is being rapidly developed alon- all
lines, aiil
s newer
'UllillIlU
■ir
T
unnu'ah
le.
weiily-iwu >[alL'.> aru rfprfi^uiitrd in tlu- ('iiruU-
niciit,
\
J^ilnifr Oollege, at DrFimiak Spriiiirs, has tin
-^ SUppiU't
t t i
s,
inlirrii Pr.-ii\-trriaii rhurcl:
■1
<1, Will
leit
c
ath
as a luiiioi- CO
11
L'tri
it is fast
takini: i*- ])lare ariioiiir.-t tl
a
ito's wonliv in-
stitutioi:
At .Ma.li-^oTi is the Florida XorMial Institute,
many of thu pailjlic-schoul tfai'lifrs are
\N . t
tr
AlIK
oiig prujiaratory anil <op<Midarv schools nia\
1,
•li
ho mnntionod
Florida Mili'ai-x- Acad
• ■iiiw a
t
Ala-nolia Springs, n.^ar J
i ' • k - 1 i n \' 1 1 ! (
otTcrinir
courses
1 T I
nniversity prcpar
1 i 1 i
mciiii.cr ui^ I
an
A
-1 in 1
iu>in(^
traminir. It is a
;Militar>- Collci^es aiv] Sr-linolQ. Aia)!!:
■ociati'iii of
i'V niilitarv
sclirio] i
tarv A
it "i-
Siif1
nia-!-
cailt'inv
A
a a < 1
: ( •
! tl
S.ciUi Florida Mill
m oiil\- 1
third
Year
a;r'fa< V w
c-'a(>n-n
1
:in(
1
])ro>pcrou
The ('apii\a L-land Preparatory School.
near
Fort MvfT^j, has hoon
a nnrnk'-r of \-cai--, ;
n
;]]crr'=:sful Operation for
1 1
U fi''c;in,^c O
f its 1
ocatioii
air'\' on t
I ' ( ■ (
L'*'' of
ropier atTords s})lcii(lid
op})orMinities for rcr,!oor .^tudv ami ruci-cat
loi:
o]jpor
1 ' . • -
Hies seized \jy m.-my vonflis from othci-
The Aitkin Op.-n Air School at St.
Pete^shli^L^ conducts
P' resent, Lat expansi(
only elena !itar>- chi->es at
'ii i- forlhcoiuing. A ;5cc-
SriloOLS AXD COLLEGES
119
nndary sclmol that specializes in vocational in-
struction is opei-ated at .Montverde, Lake County.
Other estahli.-li.'d private .-e}i(»(,]s are to be found
in Miand, 'hanipa, Jack>on\dlle and several more
cities.
The Cat}K)lic Church maintains a numl)er of ex-
cellent institution- of learninir, as the Sacred
Heart College, at Tampa, the Saint Leo Acad-
emy, at Saint Leo, in Pasco County, and convent
scliools at Jac]^^<onvi]Ie, l^ampa, St. Auirustine,
Orlando, West Palm P>cach, Fernandina and Key
West.
The Fh)rida Educational Association, a citizen
oriranization, i> pi-oxunir of ereat value in the
state's movement for securing improved schools
and conditions.
CHAPTEK X
HOMK T'.T'TT.DTXn AXD TTOT'^F.K Kl-JMXO
Florida wants home-bnil'lrT-. n-'r..]-- tliom; and
a lot of l;Mrnt'-]iiii].]>-rs need Florida. Many of
ilitTM arc di^eoverin.e: the fad. t()o. Tihit'cil ju.^t
Ti.»\v ()!!•' niiirlit think tliat al>out vv^'vy one was
liuiMiiiLT tla'i-c, but afttT tlio tap of liaiiimers lias
coa^tMl and tlif (In-t (tf nioi'tar has lijown away
it will doubtless be foinid tliat <initf a ir^'od many
persons wla^ niiLrlit own lionirs in Florida with
beiieiit to their health, happinr-s and poekctbooks
nro still abseiit — a drploi-abl^ state of affaii's
that will iiltimatflv bo rfinrdit'd. T]\r eountrv
1.
eontains a vast niinibfr ot bih^
whnv,' oMiees
aro undtT thoir hat-, as tho ])]irase is: ])orsnns
wh(>>t' profession or trade alh)\\s ihrm to ])ui'sue
it a< w.'ll in one plaee as anoth'a- a< Iohl: as they
art' within CMinTnunication with tlicir niai'kot,
wht'!"t'\'t'r that nia\' be. Also tie' country eontains
a still larger populati(>n whiosc business docs not
roqnire thoir presence in the Xurth duriiiLT the
winter niond:-. Mr. bvoL^er P)ab-(in, who LTi'aees
Florida with hi< pi'esence whc
in Wclh-lcv. Ma---
n i
1 1 ' > n ( ) \\'
•In
i<»
■ , and wli
o>o
tlyinsj
ntter
ancc- aiit'iit the .state aru alwavs sane and well
eon-iderod. ha^ reeontly invited ns to take a map
120
HO^fF BT'ILDIXG
121 •
of the Fnited States and draw on it three Hues
as follows: one fr-.m Clncago tn J'crtland, Maine,
one from Forthand to Florida and, completing the
tnanglc, one from Florida to Chicago. The spaee
so enclosed, he informs ns, contains a farming
popnlation of over six millions. Xo place in that
triaiiirlc is more than, let ns wntnre, sixty honrs
by train from Florida, none more than a few (hiys
by antomobile. At sonic time between X'ovember
and March, the farmer within that triande is free
to take a welbcarncd \-acati()n. and what simpler
or more sensible way to take it than by going
where he will lind a complete change from the
life he lea<l> dnrinir the other eiirht or nine
months!' AVhy -honhl he stay housed up and idle
at home when, by stepping into his car or onto
'i ti'ain oi- a beat, he can in a very slnn't time
reach a pilace where he can lie outdoors everv
day and take hi- choice of any number of ])leas-
ant activities^ Or where, for that matter, he
can stay ju-t as idle as at home, but do it under
blue skies and in warm sunshine. Anothei* })or-
tfon of the population of the states outside Florida
is composed of i^ersoTi- who, while theii- duties
re<jnire them to remain at home durini: most
of the winter, are yet able to absent themselves
lor a month or -ix week- or even two nmntlis
so long as messages still travel by wire — or with-
out wire — and Fncle S^am continues to conduct his
post-ofhce bii-iness in no worse fashion than at
i I
I
1:^:^
LET'S GO Ti) i-Mj'ini)A:
jire^t'iii. All liiese classes aru puluntial winter
dweHpr? ii! l^'loridn. ^fnny of fliom will he ccm-
ti'iit With hnifl- (»r I'oardiiii: Imuses it' their time
(»t >(>,ii>ur!i 1^ hrirt". M;ui\' nf th»'iii will he conlt-iil
with ^lir}; afconiiiiijijatiuii^ e\"f:i il' tlu'V remain
South ah thi-oii-h tho winfor ; that is, for the
first wiiiN'r. After that, it' hi-t<»i-y e(Hitiinit's to
rt'pfat laT-t-lf, tla-y v>ill lonk arouial for a place
to hinl^l.
Fhtri'la ta'eds mu.-t of all citizens wlio will
mak..' th'hr |MTiiianent honir^ within her territory,
heeome iiileresled in her a!i<i owe uiiilixiilt'd allc-
iriaiice !'> ]:*-r, a:..] -];- is gettinc: >\\r\i eitizms
aii'i Will cuiitiniie to gret thorn in increa.-ini:- iiinn-
hi'T- a-> ht-r mtril:- a.> a ru.-niential .-tatf become
more widely knowr!. Fnilinir ycai'-ronnd dwrllers,
how.-\-. r, she welcomefc tliM^,- who II'k,. ]i,.r well
cnniii:h to spend a part ol' th-ir time with Iht,
[ind especiall;.- those ^vho v/ill hnild homes. Snch
part-tmjo citizens she is ac(inii-ing in vast nnm-
hef^. And wlivnot? A Floia'da linm*', he it ne\-ei-
BO hnnihle, beats any hotch h" it never so bixnri-
•-n-, tor- ->']]i\ comfort aiid content rnent. And
f'^rtainl}- it I'eats shari!:L'" your paM'imony with
the coal dealer to seciir^' waT-mth atid with tho
family physician to !';^:ife h.ahli. A bdorida
hiinirahiw, even if i' d'M.^a't loolt h!-;e one of tlu'
Spani-h palaces that got their [ii<tiir,.s in the
rotogravure sections of tlie Siinda\- papers, lias
sevora] thimr^ in its favor. l\<v instance, it
HOME IiriLDIXG
123
doesn't cost mncli fo Imi].]. And. as tliero is no
cellar, it has liu fuiaiaco to consinno I'oal from
()ctohei- to May. And it.- eaves may become fes-
tooned \\ith houLniinviila'a and biirnoiiia, but
never wit li icicle.^ I
To those considering building in Florida a few
hints may be welcome. Lots are almost univer-
sally lifty feet wide in the newi^r additions to
towns and cities, althouLrh otio sixty- or sixty-odd
feet wide nniy occasionally occur. Depths arc or-
dinarily one hundred feet. < )ne can Iniild a bun-
galow on a hlt> I'oMt jut and have room at one
side for a drive, but he will find himself discon-
cert inirly chi-e to lii^ neiir]il)ors on either hand,
and in a land vleu-e windows are almost con-
tinuously o))eti and phiuiMi^raj^hs or radios a part
of the fuiaii.-hitiLT^ of nearly eVery home that
claims con-idera'ioin Two tifty-foot lots, with
the hou<e centei-ed, i< the hietter ])roposition. It
i< impo.->i]i]e to tell you what ynui' lots will cost,
for, ot' cour-e, residence ])ropierty varies widely
in price and lu-da> 's price may n.ot be to mor-
I'ow's. TTowever, if ont^ doosii't insist on being
too clo-e t<» a rapidl>' irrowinLr town he may still,
at thi< wiilinir, obtain lots a< low as ^7o0.i)0 each.
From that tigurc he nia>- ad\-ance ti^ almost atiy-
sum he ]>loases. it' one \\;ints tlu* best as to
proximity to fowm vilh itnproN'ements such as
]ia\-ed streets, sidewalks, telephone s*>rvict\ elec-
tricitv, gas and water he may pay from $l,ol>0 u\k
V2'
-t
LET'S GO TO FLni^TDA!
HOME BUTLDTNG
135
Moorish gateways, swimminir pool-, palms a!i<]
so on add another thousand or two. Airain, il one
is willing to locate well away from 1()\mi and wait
for it to grow out to Imn, Lr may purchase an
acre for the price of a lot farther in. Shore pro})-
erty is becoming prohibitive, alhou-h >ii!l not as
high as it will go. As some one said, thr L..rd
made a lot of land, but only just i^o much sea-
shore.
In buying look lur eI.-\-atinii. Eh'\-a!ioTi is
merely relative along the coast, \sh. re a ch \. h)p-
ment lying twenty-four inches alM,\.. th.- >ui-
rounding land will probably bear some su-h name
as ''Overlook'* ur • Pineland iicighib," hut oven
the matter of an added fr^of m.ny m;i]:e a diffci'-
ence. It isn't sea-water that \-ou n.^^d to avoid,
but the water left by the torrential -h.v npour< of
the summer rains. It is just a hit iaeuii\. nh nt
to have to take off one's shoe^ arid sfnehinirs to
reach the garage! A Inf wide), a.Mnw^ tie- hon-^e
to face east or west is pret*< rr- ! ii 11,,. rr-i^i. nl
intends to remain into or thmn-h t) , j,,,: u. ath. r,
but that isn't an important item, siuLu th.' ad\ .m-
tage of sunshine in winter aiid flie nvoi.hmc. ,,r
it in summer may be secured hy phmninL- the
house correctly.
You may build your h<Hi-c oi anv one of n
number of materials, but il y>ii v.ani hUnn' vow
will have to pay well for it unle.^« you hipin n i,,
locate in one of a few favored spots. All Liinhs
( I
r clay aTid concrete lirick are to l>e had, as well
as Imliow tih,', concrete hlocks and poured c«~)ii-
erete. Since freedom from the extremes of heat
and cuki is an advantage, hollow tile, with its
splendid insuhatinir ]»ropertie<, i^ a mo>t satis-
factory maieriah But it comes from a <li>tancc-.
and frei2:ht chai'ires added to the oriirirud c«K<t
make it liiirh. Brick btiilds a house that resists
the weathe]- almost as well, and brick is less ex-
] tensive. I'rame and frame-and-stucco are favor-
ites ani], ^\hen a really good insulatimr material
i> used in the walls, answer very well. Stucc*^
min<t, howe\-er, be backed with a waterproof sur-
face if the house is fo he dry in summer. AVlien,
that is, it i-^ applied to a frame buildin^^
Stucco has the adwantaLre of ace(>mmodatim: it-
fcelf Well to the Spani-h-Mo(M-ish style ol arch.i-
tectnre now >o ])opular in h'lorida, an.d may be
fi'eale<l in an\' (Uie ()f a \\ ide vai'iety of fa<hi*^ns
a- t" >ui'i'ace textui'e and i-olor. Tt may b'.,* laid
smiM)lli, >lap (hi.^hed, pelibled i>r left rouirhened
b}- the trowel in sexeral wa>s. As for color, you
may choose anx'thim: you phrase and still pi'obably
not succeed in slrikiuL: a new note. Already tlic
state i^ pii'Krij out \\\\\\ blue h.ouses an.d pm.k
hou-es and ).!!()w and buiT aiul brown, and ^^'reen
anil laNeuiler and purple houses. And you n-'e^l
not re-!i-ic! \Mur-i'lf !•> one <hade alon.e. If t^ic
pla-!er i- \ni\ iCi \^ i ! h a sort of *'C(>\\ bck " c'Tect
the bachu-ritund ma n be OUe lone and ihc piotuber-
12G
LKT'S GU TU I-MJ)}ni)A!
IIOMK BriLDIXG
127
ai:res ^'high-lighted'' with another. Tlitru is, uf
. Course, the danger of having your bungnlnw mi^-
takon for a filling station, l-nt that is iinihinL: if
the ii/ane is what you seek.
IK'' Spaiii-li-Mnorisli lioii^e is imicli mure
^Foori^^h ihaii Spaiii:..li; " iiiuru-ur-ic.s6-:Spanish"
migl.t l.e a fair name fnr tlii^ sfylr. of nrrliitcc-
tiirn. Pin%'!y Spaii'-^li la. uses in I-':nri,]a one can
Hii'l''r-^a::'l, but, to parayKra-- th.' hit.' H. A. W.
Tal'nr, .a' I.-a'!'.-ille and HLUw-r, wliat lla- ljii<-
anJ-iLal did iLu Aluurs ever do foi- Floi'i^la .' (ha.'
becomes just n h*^ ivmry of these la. uses with
their ^^t■:^<l colnrs and '•ornhinatioiis of coji.r^,
their imn L-rilled balconies, srlazod \\]r<, ojiilv
shape'!— and often useless — wih^lows and tiav pa-
tios. True, the ;Spanish-^foori-h limi-c ina\- ho
of white, in which case it i- at i^^ 1m m, hut it so
sehlom i^! Give the average architect in Fh.ri^hi
a >turc.) >uriace to work on an^l he bec(.nas c-.hjr-
niad. S..naj de\-h 'punents insist that only this
particular style of nrfhifonfurp mav hn u^ed n!<i.le
thrir CMTifiTjr.^, an^! the results are -nmrtirncs a
trith' mi)]j){niin\i<, Ifnwever, the I'hoia.la law
dot'Mi't yet rr^piirr ymi tu huilil any .-pfclal sort
oi a hou.-e, and you can do pretty much as vou
please.
\'arious ver<!0!n< cf tic rallfornia type l)unL^a-
Liw arc popii!;,!-, Ronc wi'h the aii-phific v],M'pinir
room atnp. .^..mr widajut. The main lhinL^ what-
ever ,-tyIc (,r {)cra)(l you deeifle on, is fo have vour
\
ruul' tiirht, your walls insulated, your ceilings
fairly hiLrli, yf.ui* porch space eenerous and your
(h.ors and ^\indows arranLTeil to secure cross-
(Irau.irhts. Stramce as it may sound, a water-tight
rottf is about the la>t thing a Florida builder will
give yoiL See that he speciiically guarantees
vour root' for at least one vcar. The material
he will u>e will ])robabl}' be the best of its kind,
but Florida rains arc calculated to get through
almost anythini: ^hurt of i.i'oeessed steel and it's
dollars to douirhnuts your roof wall be laid by a
smart lad who until a few months before was
guidimc a ph.w in Indiana. (AVhy it is that so
large a ])roportioTi of the citizens of Indiana go
to Fh.riihi and, irrespective of previous lines of
endeavor, insist on posiuL: as carpenters or ma-
sons or ])ainters is an unfathomable mystery.)
Fla>liinLr< about chimiays and anirles should be
laid carct'ully and all valleys should be widely
tinneih Al'ter that jdmost any kind of tile, asbes-
tos or t'elt shingle will serve. Although if your
amateur ]-o<.fer can be ])ersuaded to refrain from
leavinir exposed nail-holes your chance of spotted
ceibngs and streake<l jdaster will be lessened.
You mav have hardwood floors to vour heart's
content, but vou are herebv informed that who-
ever has to h.ok after them will rue them daily.
If you must lia\a> them, let them be nothing less
than oak. Hai-d pine is a mockery. Most of
Florida is stirfaceil witli ^anMh and no matter how
•I
128
LET'S no TO FLORIDA!
careful yon art/ ymi will briiii.^ it into tlic house
on \(iur shoes, and it pla\'s Imh wiih j)nli>lied
lioors. Soft i)ine tlnorinir coviTr.l with cork lino-
knim is thf l)t'>t bet. Xon-rustahh' hardware
should be used, indoors and out; and tlie nearer
tho salt-water you are tlie nntre you will need it.
All windows and doors should be scr<'ened with
small-mrsh copper sereeninu:. Like any other sul)-
tropieal land, P^lorida is rich in inseets. Mosqui-
tors, unless you locate near stairnant water, will
trouble you no more than "back home"; proli-
ably less, since tlie ahno-t constant breezes dis-
couraire what there may be. You will need awn-
ings on the south and west sides of your house,
may want tln-ra also on the east and will b<' well
ad\'i<''(I if you havr them on all sidrs. AVlicn the
rain- ennie you can kt-t-p your windows lowrrrd
at the top, which you can't safely do with no awn-
ing'- to d-lh-ct the torrents.
Your iraraL'"*' may bo of the .^ketchi(\st sort,
Fince all you really n.eed is a root' abov-c th*' car
and sulii.'h'nt wall to ket'p the hottest suti off if
and s*ratiL^crs out. You may build the sides of
lattice ii' you want tr) save mon.'y.
L i- alrno-t a- dlllicnlt to talk buildincc costs
a8 the }»fictv< of land. .Material-^ and labor both
fluctuate, h'ort nnatoly I'dori<la profliiccs enouirh
pine bnnbo!- for i'- fir.-cnt jhmmI.-, althoULdi, duo
to t ran.>p(jrlali(jn dillicuUies, it i>n't alwa>-s awail
abl*. uhen needed. Neither i- it alwa\s a- satis-
no^FK BT^ILDTXG
129
factory as northe-rn tir or pine, partly l)ecause it
is weather- and not kiln-dried. This is retlected
in the tini>hed product of the mills. Nevertheless
it answers ordinary requirements. Brick, lime,
buildinii: stone and sand are also home ])roducts,
and, althouirh nmch of what will enter into the
construction of your house will be shipped in from
the North, with heavy freitdit charges attached,
yon will build your house for far less than a simi-
lar residence would cost you "back home." On
a basis of 1924 ])rices, a tive-room-and-bath bunga-
low of frame or frame and stucco, together with
a one-car irarage, mav be built for $4,500, this
])rlce includinir phunbing, iras and electric fittings;
also incidental concrete work, as automobile run-
way, ste])s and walk. This hirure may be a thou-
sand dollars less for a lieuse with interior walls
of builder's board instead of ]>laster, fewer win-
dows, soft ])ine floors and so on. Or it may be
increas(Ml by another thousatid without much (d'-
fort. And, of course, from four or live thousand
vou mav raniri^ skvwartl as hiirh as vour faiicv
dictates and your purse allows. Kemembei- that
you have no cellar fo diir and almost no foun.dation
to build, no heater to install and tio swstem of
})i])es or Hues to be carried thi'ouLrhout.
^'our house will, o[' course, have a chimiu^y to
acc(unmodate one or more fii'eplaces uidess it is
very far soutli indeed. I^x'eii at the end of the
]»cnin>ula or on one o( the Ke\s \ou will be
130
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
I
mori' I'onit'urtcililt' tor an orra-ioTinl Mazo. Over
most ut the statf a lire is a necessity at intervals
durinir the winter months. Your tirrphiee may })e
fitted with one ol' thixc irooddookini: and etlicient
impro\-emtnt> on the oM-tinif irasdoir, or you may
I)ut a haskt't in it and lan'n ee)ah or \()U nniv have
a t\'W (hidars' worth of pin^ and oak pih'd in tlie
{taek yard and wateh llw spai'k- tly np \-our chim-
ney on a cool e\-(nunLr. hi an\- case vour fuc] hill
will he small! In your hathroom a eras or cloctric
heater— tht' laM^n- has tie- caH-- will a<ld to th.^
comtort ot' cool niorninir-, wfiilr for room- not
atlrc't'd !'}■ tliM warmth fi'om the fn'cplacc (»nr of
tho:5e Lni< heaters that may he moved ahout at
fancy will prove convenient.
Keeping house in Flori<la ha< its dilTicult ies,
Ju-t a-, nowada}'-. i* has c\'fi'\'uliert'. Tho .-frx'-
ant pr-ohl'-m is (juite as arut«" tliere as in New
York (»r i'ortland, OreL:.in. Wdiito help is ex-
tremely hard tM ohtai.'i and colnrf(I st-rvants are
notoriou-l}- tritlinir. Lnh'^s \'ou can jjrovide a
room (>n th.' pi'omisos fm- yuur co(^k or irt'ncral
liouse-^ir! \ou miLrht almo<f- a- well d(, without.
Tho=;e who r<»rne in }i\- thi' da\' oh^crx'e inanv lioli-
days liMt ^c! down <in your cahuidai', ar'e suhject
to untimely an<l m;>--t.'riou- rnaladit'S neees^itat ini,^
var^int^ pern.xh-, uf ahftlinence from lahor and
recoL^nize no duties after 5:00 p.m, ]f you have
ycnjr dinner- at midda\\ L'«'t your (A^n supper ami
HUME i^riLDIXG
131
are satistied to h'ave a sinkful of soiled dishes
overni.trlit you can manage after a fashion. Male
liel|) may serve you a tritle hetter, for your yard
man, whom vou will share with most of your
nei,c:hhors, may he depended on to show up with
some regularity; uidess, of eourse, he manages to
accumulate sovei-al dollars at once, in which case
he will remain a stranircr to you — sulYering from
*'a touch of fe\-er" — until the excess wealth has
been dissi])ated.
Your laundry ^^■ill either c:o to a steam laundry,
most of which are ])art icularly destructive and
iri'iierallv nn-ati-factorv as vet, he entrusted to
a coloreil W(»man, or, all else failing, l»e done at
liome hy the housewife in sheer desperation. If
the ai<l of a laundress is resorted to, one of two
ihlnirs will ensue. You will provide a large iron
kettle tor hoilinir the clothes, a few l^dcks to
keep it off the LH-onnd, some wood for a fire, three
or more wash-tuhs and a heiich to set them on,
plenty o^ watei', soap — which has a way of dis-
a])pearinL: mysteriously the next moment — and the
other usual concomitants. Also you will some-
liow ])r()\'ide sulVicient space on the premises tor
the accommodation of thi^ paraphernalia and one
• — usually — stout colorr<l lad>'. ("^r •■Ise you will
]»lace \oui' Week's wa-hiuLT in the automohile and
hrar it, with due humility, t«) the resicU^nce of
the laundre>>. Since laundresses invariably live
on unpaved streets, the task is less simple than it
132
[,KT'S no TO FT.ORinA!
sounds. At the end of tlio ^v.-rk von ^^■i]l rofprn
fr^r the laundry. If ym; arr wise, yon will, liaxinir
reached home, take the doiht- iVom ilir ha-k.-t
or k^uL.ile before .•:.*. linir ilir huu^e, since nul iu-
frequentl}- mure corner hack to ynn flian von srnit.
The reference is to r-ofkroachcs, how-.A-.T, and not
to that more dread* <1 in>oot.
Unless you like cockn.a.lic.v. and f.w |)L'r:;uns
seem to, y^ra will ncud tu hv ak-rt if you nro to
keep the house free from tlioni. Ktrmal \iL'-ikince
is the prifT. of peace. The corkn-a.-h. of wldcli
several \-arieties are eltli.-r In.iiir.'nnu- to tli.' >tat(^
"I- have recoiridzrd In advantages a< a p]a<'.' of
l^sidence, is luruvur to he rcckoiiof] with. Your
house, it is to be hnpr.d, vdl] ha\-.' Imm-ii knilt witli
a vir-w to the exclusion ..f knth rod.mts and
roaches, with no adits U)r tk.ii' cnhx .iii.nic,. and
with all outer doors fitting L-lostdy. iiiu ymi ,an't
laz.j llit' cuekruacli kv n «liow of inhovpifalit w Ho
thrives on snub^. If he can't Lr-t into y..nr"kuuse
through a cra<'k or nnd.T a (k.nr ].<■ will d,, it In -
a f-ld of pap-r at the botinm oi' a ka-ket or con-
cealed in a l^ig, disguk^ud a^ a potato, or in somo
other stealthy niid tiujonion^^ wa>-. X^vm- allow
the^ groceries far-k.-r Mian t!jc ka."k p.nv}, witlmnt
an inspection, and never jar potatoes, ofdon^ and
vegetables generally awa;. in tk.- cnntaiiars they
arrive in. Once well estakli Ji.-d, tlm corkroaf"!!,
either the big, linnd^-onn- InMr-.n,^ la-nun cliap <.r
the little so-called ('nl^.n f..!k>w, i^ precious hanl
HU.ME BriLDIXO
TOO
i . ) . )
to externiinafo. lint li»' cati ])c kept out if you try
hard eiioULdn K\eii if yon don't su<|)eet him, an
occasional otTri'inir of roadi ])aste or powder left
in the corners will do no harm; and yon needn't
give way to siii'prisu and morlilicatioti if one oi-
more victims of vour frenerositv is found the next
day. Cockroaches are s])lendid waiters and will
remain concealed foi- days at a time in the hope
of lulling you into a state of false security. It ks
best to take it for Ln-antcd that there is always at
least one on the ])remises, and go after him.
Ahont the only other things that may bother
the housewife are ninths and ants. Moths are
plentiful in the South and nothing should be put
away in th(> sprinj^^^that hasn't been sprayed with
one of the ])atent moth-])rootniir liipiids. This is
ad\d>ahh' e\-en when cedar chests or bags are to
contain the ai'tlclc. Ants are not likely to trouble
unless vou delibcratelv tempt them. If vou It^ave
an unr'o\-ri'e(l s} rup can around, however, (U* any-
thinir (Mpnilly delectable from the ant ]»oint of
view, they will tlock to it even if they have to
ero-s the street and climb the rain-spout I ( hily
the tiny r(^d— oi', let us say, l»londe— ant is so en-
terprising. 1die\', too, ma}' be controlled, liow-
eV(n\ witlauit undue exertion.
Vou will cnnk on a ira^ <to\'e or, if \ou ])refer
it, an electric range, and hot water will lu> sup-
plied by moau^ of an auxiliai'v Lras beater. Yiui
will, prokabi}-, tind the water hard and <o have
E
,
134
LET'S (in TO FLOIMDA!
ri'C(3ur>»? to soaps and wasliinir preparations spe-
ciallv >uital)lt'. W)u will diM-ox.'r, Id xouv ilis-
may, that thf Florida >iin is dr-t ructivc on cer-
tain curtain materials and that silk dra|)orios ai"i'
shortdi\-ed. But yuu will also discover that tliat
same sun has wondort'ul clt\nnsin[r and !)leachini^
j)ropcrties. ( )n the wliole, you'll {"orLri\'e it its few
misdemeanors t'or tlie sake ot' its manv virtui's;
just a< you will soon i'orget the inconvcniencc^s
and trivial annoyancps in the feelinir <>f rcstl'ul-
ncss and wulhliL-inu: that will 1k> vours.
CHAPTER XT
SPORTS AND RECREATIONS
I
Prodabey every crnmo or amusement not de-
picndent on tiie presence of snow oi' ic-e is to l>e
I'ound in l^dorida. Anil, while >kiini: and tolx^ir-
ganing will foi'exci- remain impo^^aible, ice-skating
may soon ])e indulired in on an artificial rink in
Miami. With iIm- exce])tion-< iioied. a list of s])orts
pui'sued and i:-ames )ila\'ed in the Xoi'th will an-
swer for Florida in llie winter time. (lolf is pre-
eminent, and the state is dotttMl from end to end
with courses, most of tliom of excellent quality,
(iolf is one sport nttt limited to tln^ winter months,
fe.r even in the hottest weather you will find the
links Well occupied. Tennis is pilayiMl everywhere,
and, like golf, draws many coni]K'titors to winte-r
tournaments. I'olo is re^ti'icted to a few locali-
ties. 'Idle seeminirly ircntle, l)ut really I'atluu"
streinious, LMUie ot' roipie counts its dcN'otees by
the thousands, while lawndsowls and th.e demo-
ci'atic pitchiuL^ of horseshoes \'ie in fa\'oT'. The
National Pastime has tairl}' adopted Florida,
and ma.joi" and minor leaLTUe tearn^ descend u{)on
it in I'^'hruar)' and occup\' ti'ainiiiLT irrounds all
o\-ei- the crntial pari of the >late. A Slate Hase-
hall LeaLTUe ilouiT-ln^s in ^nniircr :\i\d an b'.ast
loo
I
I
If
If
13G
LET'S GO TO FT.ORTDA!
Coast Leac:iio iii wintor. F(V)tl»all ])of\vooTi col-
lege and school teams lasts I'ruin Srptt'itilK'r tt)
December.
FloriJa waters aru buautifull}' adapted to ^ail-
im: and niotordioatinir. and cadi s^'ason seos an
increase in tlie nnmber of x'isitinsj: and home-
owned boats. Idle protected snimd-^ aiiil harbors
of thc' East Coast and the (iuh' are iih-al waters
for small craft, and FK)rida \\inlri's provide ideal
weather. Speeddioat races aiT held each sea'^nn
on both coasts and inlaiKb too, and are contested
by the lleetest craft of the coniitr}'. < )ne scarcely
thinks of antomobilinir as a recreation any hniLT'^r,
vet there are manv who have flie l<Msni'e to make
it such, and for them Fh)ri(hi nlT.-i-s a wealtli of
excellent pave(i roads. Motor i-aeini: on Ihiy-
tona's wonderful lieacli is a freiju-iit event.
Many there are \\]\o deri\'e tlieir greatest pleas-
ure from bathinir, and to them fho ^{nfo is gener-
ous in the mattei- of superb beaches. The l^ast
Coast, from Pablo Pleach on tlie nortli to Miami
Beach on the south, is an ahno--t unbi'okeii suc-
cession of smooth white >trand>, wliih' scarcely
an island of size from tlie latter place to Key
West does not ntler sui't' t'acilit ifs. The West
Coast, too, has a iiumber of liiie beaehes, liiit their
number is more limited. .Many of ihe inland lakes
provide excellent convr'niences for enjoyable bath-
ing, and where nature ha- oveiluoked the matter
artificial pools sujipl}- the dilicienc}'.
SPOKTS A\n PECREATIOXS
13'
Lovers of Imrse-racing may enjoy their favorite
sport at both Miami and Tampa, and, when the
season there is over, may find excitement in
watching the c-reyhounds run. And, of course,
they may wager to their hearts' content on either.
Florida is tlie fisherman's paradise, has been
for A-ears on end and alwavs will ho. Fish are
to bo camrht in num])ers not only in the deep
waters ()\]' the coa&t but in every harbor, channel,
canal, ba\-ou, river an<l lake in the state. To list
them would be impossible. Dr. James Henshall
states that he has collected close to three hundred
species from the salt and fresh waters of Florida,
and not i-\en as canny and inthd'atigable a fisher-
man as the o-ood Doctor could ])ossil)lv come bv all
of them. ( >f the fre<h-water fish the big-mouth
bass, or "tront" a< the native Floridian calls
him, is kiiiL!'. lie i> taken in about every lake
and sti'eam throughout the state, and while some
localities claim ]u-(^eminence for size of fish taken,
othei'^ excel in the abundance of smaller prey.
It is onl>- fair. h(»wever, to <:ive (U'lMpt where credit
bielonirs and >a\' tliat ^^hat the writer ])elieves to
he the larL'ost biLr-mouth on i-ecoi'd was taken
with hook and line from Lake Moody, in Pasco
("ountv. It weiirhed twenty pounds and two
onnces. \^irious lakes on tlie Pidire are favorite
resorts foi" the enthu.-ia^.tic bass fisherman, and
some vor\- lai'ire specimens have lu^en taken there.
Lakes and stream^ aI>o vield \'arious sunfishes,
* 1
II
138
LKT'S UU TU FLuivMDA!
the crappie, the catii.-ii and, infroijutiiil}, the
pickerel.
What the big-moutli bass is to the Flt.rida
lakes, the tarpon is to the sea, but he is a i::inie,
ha III ti::-htin,2: kins: while the biir-month is a irno,!
deal ui a quiltur m warm waters. Tar])()ii liihiug
is at its; best on tlio W'.-i Toast aiid alonir thn
Keys, aIthoi:Lrl! i^ i> paiv-UiMl on ih,' ocran vidi^
(•r the peninsuhi. Th.' h.iys and «-*!!;ii-h's that
liiit' the West Coast seem to hf \rr\ nnirh tu the
tarpuu'6 liki:!'.:. aiid Si. Petersburg, ISara^otn,
Punta rinr.ia aiid I'^nri Myers aro tho tnr]»()!i li-li-
t'lTuaii'- h'';i( I'piart '•!■> on lliat side SiM'ci;d men-
tion niii-t 1m' L:i\.:i to r>f|)|i;i I-];i:id, olV Punta
Utirda, I'ui tht'i'L' i> wLl'Tl' lWjiv real ds'L'ddii t hf-
wool tarpon enthusiast gets at somo timo dur-
iia: the season. That season lasts iVuni May to
Auirust inclusive. But tuipn!! aren't the only hiir
th-h l«t ho cau.srht, for you cun l^. t a ju-ft ty hai'd t ui;
I'ruin a jcwli^li aad, il that i>ii'l large enough,
you nuiy. wiHi lur^k, enh-h a two ton rliyunflou. or
"(h'\ii tish"; altliOULdi it'> a laii' h^t n'ou w.ui't
hiud iiini with hook and liu'd AuLdtU'^ with liLrht
tarkh' tind [ih'U-urt/ iind exriltjinrut tuiouudu how-
ever, in -niulk-r if no less sport inir eapturo?;.
SJailti^iu tuiui niarlin, l);!rra<-U(hi, hiunto. -,h»M'|)-
head. hid}' ti-!u Sp;i!d-!i niurkrrfh ponipano,
rhanut 1 hass, grouper, druan lish, jack, sno-k,
king li-li — the Southern, not the Northern elmp -
sea trout, red snappor, mangrovo snapper, all
ii^
y^
^
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
138
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
the crappic, the catfish and, infrequently, the
pickerel.
What the big-mouth bass is to the Florida
lakes, the tarpon is to the sea, but he is a game,
hard-fighting king while the ])ig-mouth is a good
deal of a quitter in warm waters. Tarpon fishing
is at its best on the West Coast and along the
Keys, although it is pursued on the ocean side
of the peninsula. The bays and estuaries that
line the West Coast seem to be very much to the
tarpon's liking, and St. Petersburg, Sarasota,
Punta Gorda and Fort Myers are the tarpon fish-
erman's headquarters on that side. Special men-
tion must be given to Useppa Island, off Punta
Gorda, for there is where every real dyed-in-the-
w^ool tarpon enthusiast gets at some time dur-
ing the season. That season lasts from ^lay to
August inclusive. But tarpon aren't the only big
fish to be caught, for you can get a pretty hard tug
from a jewfish and, if that isn't large enough,
you may, with luck, catch a two-ton rhynodon, or
^'devil-fish"; although it's a fair bet you won't
land him with hook and line ! Anglers with light
tackle find pleasure and excitement enough, how-
ever, in smaller if no less sporting captures.
Sailfish, tuna marlin, barracuda, bonito, sheep-
head, lady fish, Spanish mackerel, pompano,
channel bass, grouper, drum fish, jack, snook,
king fish— the Southern, not the Northern chap-
sea trout, red snapper, mangrove snapper, all
''■''.'"■Hrii]
< . !
'»'
y.
J.
y.
i
I J
1
n
si^uirrs AXi) jn^(;iu<:ATit)Xs 139
iwaii yoii in Flori(ia waters. Fi^liiiH^ clubs ar
iiiaiix' a loiiir
bulii
L'ua^ts and »i()\v!i the Kovs. The
Miami Aiiirlor<?' C]uh aloiip iiiiin])t']-s (•h)se to four
]
llilK
irr.l
iri('iiihrr>.
Th
fii III
'■re is the Sailfisli
Cluh at I\-ihn Px-ach, the Foit Lan(hT(hile Clul),
the bull- jvey Chil), aii(], schn't an<l t-xelusive, the
I'amuus Coculubo (/av Club. And so o
1 U]
the
ie question : Have
"West Coast as ^v(■]] : not onnttinir another exclu-
sive a>s()ciati()ii of sportsmen at Clearwat(T, the
Stone ( 'rab Cb]]).
And tliat naUirabiv brinirs tl
you ever eaten stone crabs? Oilier crabs, ves, and
probably crayfi-li, but stone crabs! If vou
l]a\a'iCt, ])lease <ln so before you die. ]\rake a
pilLriiniaire to the place ^vhere they are best, Passu
Grille, and conline your efforts to them. Don't
mar your palate or clutter up youi' internal work-
i!iir> with an\-thinLr else. Just sav '' Stoiu'crabs !
)>
nd k
eep on sa\-inLr it until \-ou've
had
Aft
er that
lilt
:U vour leisur
eiiomrh
1
you may drop
a lew fervid exi)ressions of L^'atitude to the
writer
o
F
f ir
or tlie hunter Pdorida still supplies a quantity
me
b
xcelleiit ouail shootinir exists in al-
most all sections north of Okeechobee, wild doves
are numerous and turkev can be found in the back-
^\
oods. Ceese. diiek, ])l(»ver and snipe are to be
liad. (Jaine animals inehide cottontail and marsh
rabbits, cat and fox stpiirrels, opossums, raccoons,
toxes^ wildcats, deer, bears, panthers, alligators
!
t u
140
LET'S GU TO FUjKIDA:
aiul crocodiles. And, if >'oui- ta-tr> run lliat way,
rattlers I Perhaps, liowcN'fr, ratllcrs arm't iranio
animals. Wliilo on the subject of snakes, it may
be well to state that poii^orion^ ropfilo- do oxist
in Plorida. althouLdi you iniirhl I'.-inain in the state
all your lift' without seein.s: one. Several \ariftit's
of rattlers and at lea^^t one moeea^in do hu-iness
there. TuIl'ss, however, yon disregard the
simplest preeautionarx' measures when Imntinix
in scrub, hanmiock oi- >wainp }ou av*- in no dauL'-fr.
There are undoubtedly far inoi-c rat t If-nakf- in
many oi tin.' western states than there ai''' in
Floridai. M(^«"'r'a-in = , full}' n- poi--o7ionq. inliabit
the wattr- of -uanips and slow-moving streams
or, on occasion.-, >un thrmselves along tic banh.<.
Sonu'time.- they "hang thmnselves np to di'y" on
a l)u>h. "HoTi't interfere with the drying process.
Leather boot- or IrL^'j-iriL'"- reachinir ^vell toward
the knee are ^^goo<l nirdii-ine" foi- ibc liuntfi-,
alth(»ULrh thrrt' arr pb'Ht}' of' "ci'ai'kt'rs" who liave
spent mo.^t uf their li\'''- in the wo"d.- and clear-
intrs and have nnvtT kiiowu the feel of n shoo.
Anotln-r inhabitant of the wattn-, i},;. time a
harmless one, i- th^ Florida olffi", wbieli abounds
in the >ouMe-rn fiart of the peniTisnla, (^specially
ini arnl about Hig Cyjiress Swamp in the Fx'er-
^dades, wleu'e ]\r i~. trappr-d *!! Ln-eat innnbeT^
both ]>y tic Srininob' ludiun- a:,d by i irof«'--i"!i;d
trapptT-. Foiitrai-y to the ereneral iinpro--io!i,
wdiich credit.-^ the far nurthern ullcr uilh the linest
SpoKTS AXI) in-:CKEATIOXS 141
pell, the I-doi'ida otter has his cold country birother
brat en. Hi- fur i- longer and of better ipiality,
and there is more ot' it for the reason that he is
considerably larirt'i. A ])art icularly fine otter pelt
hii6 brought as high as twentydive dollars more
than once. ]^)uyers from the fnr exchanges make
reirular \i-it> to the Everglades, leaving the trap-
pers considt rally better off.
The owner.-hi|) of irame i- vested in the coun-
ties. Persons may hunt free on their own prem-
ises, Init all othei-s nnist have licenses. A non-
resident built iuLT license good only for the county
ill whieli i--ue<l costs $2r).i!r). Each a<lditional
county license costs $5.25. l\esi<lent licenses cost
$1.25 for county of residence and $3.25 for each
ad<litioi:a! count}-; or a state-wide liceiise may be
obtai]if<I tor >bi.L:r). Xo!ir*'<idtnit fishermen pay
$2.25 I'or a license permit tinir them to fish in the
fresh waters of one county, or s:).25 for a state-
wide permit. Hcsidents do not recpiire licenses,
noi' (hi cliildron of thirtreii years or less. Bag
liniit : two d.'or, ti\-e turkeys an.<l three hundred
<»t' aii\' otbcr irame biirds iiei' vear: one deer, two
tui'keys, twenty (juall, twentydive ducks, coots and
LMllitinlo^;, eiudit L^ecse, eiirht lu'ant. twenty-five
do\-es, six woodcock, twauityTive Wilson snipe,
lift^'cn in all o]' ]ilover< atid yelhnvdeirs, twenty-
flve in all ot' rails, coot- and ijrallinules ]^er day.
The sab" of all reedbird< and all ])rotected o;ame
is ])robi!'itcd. A nonrc-idrut hunter nniy carry
>
I !1
;3
i
42
l.HT-S (io To FLoIvMDA:
out ui liie state gcimc ac^ personal luggagu, but not
m.nre than a t^vn <]ays' limit of migrntory irnme
1 ir<ls may be exporte<I in any one week.
The season on deer, turkey, sfpiiii.]-, (pi.til,
du\L-, duck, geese, etc., opens ^'oxrinl-ri- i^ijili
and extends to Jaminry 31st, inclusive, on .ill save
deer, turkeys, squirrels and 'inaTl. On tlir^.' the
season ends Feb]''!;wy ]^\']\. ('.'i-tiiin exceptions
exist, and the visiting huntei" will "lo w.H in pro-
\ i J'j himself with full int'urmaiiou eo\iiinif iho
districts he intends to hunt over. An nff'Tnpt is
being made through the Legislature to L-^ix- tlio
control of game to the state, but the mattt i- is
still in process.
The subject of golf mnTiof hn di^zpn^rd of as
siuiiiniiily as in a sentence or two. Go It in
Florida is a vastly important factor in tiic w])-
Luilding and }»iugress oi iliu state, a lact nli'.jady
woll recognized by those interested, either tin an -
(•iall\- <n: aUrnistically, in FLnnda'- Lrrowili and
prosperity. Ten >'''ars aL''o th-'i't' \\';is a diiTi'iTiit
story to tt'l], t'oi' 'lit'n irolt' was still l()okt'(l on as
the ricii man's Lobljy, and tliu idrn of developing:
n fowp. -ifp n^f^ont a 'j'oir links wrniM ]ia\'o boon nn-
thought of. Yet to-day inoi-c than one snlini'baii
development has seen thf laiildinu'" o)" a oom-^o and
an elaborate club house tlioi-oug}iI\- coniplctrd, has
even seen the course played on, before the grad-
inir and paving of streets wa- oomplr'tr-d and lots
SPuKTs; AND i?p:(;keati()Xs 143
were oilered ior sale. Public Lrnjf eoursi's have
been or are lieinc: provi<hMl by all the cities and
lai'ircr towns. Some of these are even starting
tlicir second or third eourses. Privately owned
link< ai'e e\er\ where. In short, Florida is toed
and irrcenod and hnnkored from the Georiria line
to the tip riid (»f the far-llunic Kevs, and it is
danibi ful if more than a half-dozen other states can
(ifW'V as manv rcaJh' excellent <rolf courses. To
duel! in detail on all that deserve it wonld take
far too mnrli spare, but a few are fairlv entitled
to sjiecial mention: as, for instance, the fine mu-
nicipal course at St. Auirnsiine, the lornr (dghtcen
ho!e> at (.)rmond, the Palm Reach Count rv Club's
links, the excellent course of tln^ (Julf Stream Golf
Club, at Del l\ay, the Clni^pT and ]\'itz Carlton
Golf Clubs' links at I^oca Haton, th.' (^oral Gables
<'ourse and the Miami Country Club and the Fla-
mingo Golf Idub links, ih.^ latter at Miami Beach.
On the West Coast the justly famous Belleair
eourses at dearwatei- demand mention, as do
those of the (/otTee Pot (Jolf Club at St. Peters-
burir. Tampa's lu»cky Point links and the course
at Temi)le Tei'race, a short distance frc^m Tampa,
are orpndlv notable, b'radenion's thirtv-vt\ir-old
coui'se desei'ves a word if only becaust^ it is the
]>roirenitor of all Floi'ida courses. Inland are the
Pakrhtnd (Jolf Club links, the new Cleveland
llei^trhls, in the sam.' citv, ilir s])0!'tinLr Mountain
Fakes, at Lak.' \Veii-, tlir " ' r)ubsdread," at Or-
i:
144
LET'S GO TO FLOIUJJA!
Inndo — worthy of its name — and the eourM' at
l)c Land. Doubtless thero nvo mnny nth or- of all
the scores unmentioned fully as deserviui: of r< »-
ord; and the writer is at this moment coveifl witli
remorse for having neglected the ('olL u-.' Arms
course at Lu Land, one of tliu ulJu:^! aiul still one
of tlip finest in the stafo, opoupyinir hti id^al -it na-
tion amongst pines an-l i)alni- aii'l t'rai:raiit
orange trees.
As nearly perfect as many of tla- ])!-i\'att' coin'.^es
are, there are at least two inunirir.al ]a\-outs
which seldom fail to nron^o thr a'hniration ol' all
wlio play on them. These are the courses at
Jacksonville and at Hialeah, outsid-' Miami. Tlip
Jacksonville course has I'fW -upcrioi-s in tli.'
country. It was designed by DonaM I\oss and
rorr-ihines in its eighteen holes altont r\ .ry t«'st of
the golfer's skill v.i^h conditions adjn-taU' to
the ploddimr LMme of the dnff( i-. Tlio turf i< al-
wa\'.- ill t-xcL-llfnl C'jndition a.nd fw-n in tin' driest
weather does not become lakod nnfl liaid. Tt is
undonlifffl^y on*' of the best tended conr.^fs in the
Unite] Spates, and in spite of tlir jinrrly nominal
fee charged — fifty cents — it lia- |»ro\M.] a ])a\inLr
pruijosition lu the city. Kales Ly wcfk <»r month
are proportionately lo'^ . i\ and for twenty li\-o
dollars one may play ther< loi- a \ <'ar.
Low fees are also in vogue at Hi ik.di, wlnn',
likewise, the golfing visitor will lind fairwax- and
greens, service and surroundings, pfpial to the
SPuKTS ASD RECREATIONS U.j
best. Here, in December of last yeai'. v. as staged
a noi.ilile tournament in which, during two liil-
liant days, such golfing masters as Duncan and
Mitclitll, tlip Briti-l] ^tar-. Boldn- rniik-liank,
Ocnp Sarazt'ii, Johnny Farrell, Leo Diegel and
others of like calil»er fought thoir \\ay to a de-
c'i:=ion.
Over on the West Coast, Belleair possesses the
OTily :i()diolo coni'se in tlio state, and it i^ tho wintor
Mecca of thonsands of irolf entlm^iasts, mainy •■»f
whom r<'tnrn there foi* ]ila\' N"car after vca.i- with
iieN'er-failinLT rc,L;nIa rit \-. The course is ddiirht-
fully situated oti a rolling terrain overlooking the
waters of the (J nil", and it< fairways are marvels
of textni'e and cohn* and it^ irreens like stretches
■ — and irood trenerons stretcher — of fmoraiM xadvet.
Verily, a joy to the di>eiple of old John P>. Golf.
The P>(')ca rioirn Connfry Club, at St. Peters-
buri:, called on \\'alt« r Ilairen wh^n it eame time
to con--id('i" a ltoIi' layout and tlie Pxu'a (keira
course i-- the I'r-ult of ihe comkinoil re-oin'cs (^^
liairen and \Va\ne Sliles. It is slill new, but it
take- it< plaep amoTisr the bpst. If om:^ 1ikp^ water
ha/.ai'ds — an.il what true lilue irolfcr dot vi 't at the
bottom of his Soul .' - lie \- are to be fou'id to per-
fection at l^tea ('iei;-a, I'or tlio course not only
bordei's the bay but is indented and eros^ed by the
lazih- Nvindinir i^dots of blue- wafc'r.
The li-t dt' L'l'lf eoui'ses in Fh)r
w
' n f' ■! 1
is b\- no means complete since golf cour-es, like
146
LKT'S CO TO FLolMDA!
;SPORTS; AXI) ]xK(in:ATInXS 147
subdivisions, are being openol up wi^li ainazinir
and confusing persistency. The list is, liow^ \. i,
correct to within a few months. Tlie \\ liici i.-, abk
to include it here through the cmirto^y of the
Florida State Chamber of Coniiii' it. .
GOLF COURSEb IX i 1 nini»A
Altamonte Springs
Altamonte Springs Golf Course
Arcadia
Arcadia Golf Course
Atlantic Beach
Atlantic Beach Country Club
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards Par
*J 1,825 34
18 6,(i(H>
Avon Park
Scenic Highland Golf Club 9 3.1 "J
(Building) Lake Shore Country Club 18 G,400
B arson Park
Crooked Lake Golf and Yacht Club
Bartow
Bartow Golf Club
]:Jelleair No. 1
Belleair Country Club
Belleair No. 2
Boca Grande
GuJf Shore Golf Links
18
0,218
18
5,7(j;i
9
2,000
;;}
9 3,240 35
9 2,855 34
71
(..:•
34
Name
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards Par
I'.radLiiiuii Golf and Country Club 9 3,008 36
Palma Sola Golf and Countrv Club 9
Cleai: water
Clearwater Cournry Club
Cocoa
Pni]!^. t r.olf and Country Club
Coconut Grove
CocoTint Grove Countr} Club
Crooki:i> T- \ke
V.nlit ;ii .i ('ountT-y Club
r> \^■■^()XA
I '.!> t(.!i;i C-M" ana ( 'ountry Club
Di Cwa
College Arms Golf I'lul)
Enterprise
Municipal Golf Course
E(tstt«
Laiu' County Country ( iub
Florence Vu.la
Finn ri, ,. Villa Golf Club
18
<)
Fort Lauderdale
For! Laidndale Golf and Countrv Club 9
6,305
18 6,280 73
18 5,685 69
3.1'>^
-> "'N
35
18 6,287 75
18 6,600 74
9 3,000 i^o
L) 3,250 37
37
2,770 37
\
148
LET'S on TO rT.f^T7TDA!
Name
Fort Myers
Golf and Yacht Club
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards Par
18 6,388 74
Fort Pierce
Fort Pierce Golf and Country Club 9 3,007 36
Fruitlaxd Park
Golf Club
GA1NES\^LLE
Gaines\dlle Golf and Country Club
Green Co\'e Springs
Qui Si Sana Golf Course
Hampton Springs
Hotel Hampton Golf Course
Highland Park
Highland Park Golf Course
Hobe Sound
Jupiter Island Golf Club
Homej?tead
Homestead Golf and Country Club
18 6,125 69
35
9 2,321 35
Howet
Chain of Lakes
3,100
3,100
2,821
9 3,079 35
HOLLYWO^^D
Hollywood Golf and Country Club 18 l,ltJtJ 72
18 6,200 73
Rpnr^Ts AXi) rn-:rTM-:ATi''XS uo
Name
Jacksonville
Municipal Golf Course
Florid ];i Country Club
Timuciuana Country Club
Kry West
Key West Municipal Golf Course
KiSSIMMEE
Onlf Clnb
T. \KE City
LiKt'view Country Club
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards Par
18 6,282
18 6,098
18 6,500
72
71
9 3,201 35
9 3,030 38
Lakeland
Country Club
18
6,113
71
Clevelai!'] Heights Golf and Country
Club (under construction)
18
6,400
71
T,\Kr W\LES
.Mouii'.iii T.alv • Club
18 6,580 73
Leesburo
Leosburt? 'Minilcipal Golf Course 9 3,015 37
sn\.r L;ti. <io!r -mi C\)untrv Club 9 3,184 36
Meluoirne
Golf and Country Club
9 2,751 35
M i \ M 1
< 1 I il (rabU'H Clubhouse and Golf
Course
18
6,385
72
M i.iiiii Couiiiiy Club
18
6,250
72
lliuKah
18
6,275
72
•I
!!
!i
150
Ka*n<
LET'S Gn JO FT/)]nDA!
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards
MlAMi JiEACH
] >.)V Shore Golf Club
iiamingo Golf Club
Miami Beach Golf Club
Mountain Lake
Mountain Lake Club
Naplbb
Naples Golf Club
Nr \v Smyrna
N- w Smyrna Golf and Country Club
Oakland
West Orange Country Club
OCALA
Oeala Country Club
Orlando
Orlando Country Club
*'Dubsdread"
OrMOND liKACH
Ormond lieach Golf Links
Palatka
Palatka Municipal Golf Course
Palmetto
Palmetto Country Club (Jan. 1)
18
18
18
G,obo
'> ^",'
G,302
6,365
9 3 tnn
Par
1^ 6,300 71
9 3,133 35
18 6,168 72
1Q n,24n
9 2,900 40
76
70
72
18 6,006 75
18
SPOT^TS AND RECREATIONS
151
^'
3'r!(
Palm Beach
Palm Boaeli Coinitn' Club
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards Par
iC5 5,025 63
Pensacola
Pensa''T.1a Cniintrv Clnh
9 2,638 35
TVrry
Hotel Hampton Golf Ciub, Hampton
Spnnir-. Morida
Port Sewell
St. Lu<-i.' Ki\.'i- rouiitrv C]\i])
9 3,100 35
18 6.14n 71
and 86
PlNTA OoHPA
i'uiita (in! la Golf Club
9 3,800 38
1 1 1 M • K 1 . 1, 1 n a^:
K-MkhMJcre Golf CluS
9 2,548 34
RUNNV.Ml.DE
Golf Course
Sanford
Sanfoi'd M iini'-ipal Golf Course
E^ 6,005 70
Harasota
Snrnsnta Oc^lf TTolding Co.
ll-t.l)
9 6,890 38
Si:\Hi;i i:zE (Daytona)
1< 6,217 74
I !!
152
j.t:
V
C]n Jn FT.'>r:TDA'
Kam^
Number Total
of Length
holes in yards
Par
Sebrdsg
Kenilworth Lodge Golf Club
18 6,250
70
St. Augustine
St. Augustine Links
36 1J,776
St. Petersburg
Country- Club
Tallahassee
Tallahassee Golf Club
Tampa
Palma Ceia Golf Club
Rocky Point Golf Club
Temple Terraces Golf Club
Tarpon Springs
Tarpon Springs Golf Club
UsEPPA Island
Useppa Golf Club
Vebo
Reomar
Roval Park
West Pai.m Beach
West Palm Jieach Country Club
Winter Haven
Lake Region Country Club
Winter Park
Winter Park Country Club
18 6,080 75
9 3,090 35
18
6,106
18
5,764
18
6,581
9
9
3,000
3,200
69
9 3,200 37
9 2,330 33
36
18 6,252 71
18 6,320 72
18 6,021 72
rnAPTFr: xtt
OKTTIXr; ABOUT I\ FL<>RIDA
Flmrti'a railronds lia\"f boen vorv busv of lai«\
l^iii-iiiLT tilt' vrar of 1!*"J4 niure new trunk ]'nr rail-
road was inidtT roiistriictioii in that state tluHi in
all the other <tat.'s of the Union ('(nnbined. an*! i'l
19'2r) Ituildini; full olT l^n* ]itth\ Idie nm^t -pectae-
iilar I'aihvay font of rt'cent times wa< tlie constnic-
tioii l>\- the Seahoard Air Lir.e witliin ten nKviths
of two Inindred and seven niih< of road, connecting:
the Ivisl and Wh's! ('oa<ts. At presonit tin? At-
lantic (\)a>t Ian.* i< doublet rai-kiinr it< !!ia:n line
V il hin t fie state. hniMiTiir an extenvi.ui a' tin,' ! ip of
tlie peniii-iila. and pi'fpai'ini: t<> la\' d<^w': a eoin
iifctinii l))'!\\r. n Mo!;tieeMo aiid PeTn-y. The Ka<t
('oa^t Kaili'oad i-> aKo . loublo-t raekini^- it- main
lino. The Sf.iboai'd 1- bnsv on th(' Wost Coast
wiih a new nort h a!;d soiill! !"oa,h an extension
fi'eni Sarasota noii'Ii !o Ike' M\' 's aiul se\era
cut olT-. In I'^ebniaiA-, h*:*."), there \\er.> twe'i^y-
iiiiii' iaili'(*atb. in hdurula, practically all, liow -a ."■,
ennfi'elh'd b\ ihrf^e nn\in systems, the S5i\'d'oa'^l
Ail I. ill., the \t!:i!!te ( \)ast Line and the Easi
(-oast Ivaihoid These with their lea-d lines
and ('(•!i!ierti>e!!- en\ < 1 tllO stato \er\ ! ^ ! e 'o'lS^hly.
Various steauihoat and mennlMal hues ^erve
lbs
1n4
LET^S no TO KljilMDA!
travelers along the coasts and on the |)riiH iji.t]
lakes and rivers. Of these the yrinf ipal ..n. is
the Clyde St. John's River Line, opera niiir a daily
schedule between Jacksonville and Saiii'or.l. This
trip is one that should not be missed !'\ thr \ i-i-
tor to Florida, since the St. John'^ lu\rr is a
really beautiful stream and travel in eitln i- dircf-
tion, by day or by night, is thoroughly en jnyal.].'.
The southbound or northbound tourist will do
well to break the monotony of lailiuad traxcl by
connecting with steamer at Jacksnnvila' or Shti-
ford; or, if going north on the East Coast Rail-
road, at Enterprise. The service is L'-ood, tlio
staterooms excellent and, since the l^at^ ai*- nil-
hurners, you will not be required to doik^c ciiid' rs.
The fare is ^T.'Y between frTniini. and tlir ii-ip
requires nineteen hours, leaving lime at Jackson-
ville being 4:00 p.m., and at Sanfotd IJ:!.') i'.m.
The sixty-mile stretch from Jacksoaviilu lu Ta-
latka consumes about ten hours and i=^ madp nvor
the widest part of the river. Shores are iVc^jia ni ly
too far away to be readily disassociate I linm tho
water. At Mandarin, fifteen niil.^ alnx, .Ia(k-
sonville — remember that your .slKani i.- IIouIult
north! — is the site of TTirrirf "Reecln r St our '8
winter home. Near by the Maniuis d T dl. \ i and
lived nearly three years after his haii-lnn. lit
from England. The old settlement of HiIm una
shows on an island, and not f:)r abr)vp if, nf tbo
right, Black Creek empties. Black ( iv. 1 i^ na\i
D
GKTd'lXU AHdIT IX FLORIDA l.l.j
gable for nearly ten miles inland. ^Tairnolia
Spi'in-j--, t \\ .'iity-eitrli' miles from Jark>on\'illt',
lia- long ht'cn in high iavor with winter residents,
l)oth on nrronnf of ihn nbnTidnrire of fine treos and
lircau-o ot' tliM alleged healing jirinM-r-it-s of its
>|)rinL!-s. Tliat woi-d • "alleged" is }'iit in tliert- just
tu be on the sai'e side. The writer guarantees the
lionliTii: properties of no spring in FhM'ida, tlie
United States, EnT'o]i('. Afi-ica or jiiiv otlier hind.
TTo\\r\ar. lots o\' i'olk< di'ink tla^ watt rs at Mag-
nolia and (ire(Mi (\na^ Spriiiir-, .iii-t beyond., and
])rot'o<> tu be benelilL'd. Urc'L-n < "ovo lia< so nuieh
more water fhnrt cnn be dniTik tlial a wliolo lot of
it i< th'Wrd int<i a pool and u^ni i'nr hathinLT pur-
poses, i'kirt liri- alomr conn s Pieolala, w lin-r, <omo
two liundrtMl year- airo, the Spaj:!--h ri-tM-hMl ;i i'(M't.
If was takiM! t'rom them h\' ihc Hrilisin later used
a> a militar\- pn-i durinir the Srukniole unpleasant-
ness and lina!l\- ]tla\ fd it< pai't in tin- (k\-il \\:ir.
At 1 Mcolata, t lam 1 haolat i, v\ as t in.' liome e)t" TolomT
John Lee William^, di-t ini;ui>ia-d au'lioritx' and
w I'itor oil I'd.oi'ida in tlu' fn'st ]iaT-t ot' t'lc last t-en-
1nr\'. lie ua- a lii'm iVimd ot' the liidia!i^, and
\\!h-ii St. AnL!ii>tine, an^l Lleolati, te>o, wei'e
lairni'd, and -i-tthi- ki!h.! i^v drixa-n a\\;i>. he re-
maiiifd nnniuh'-tcd and vlied pCvieoMiliN la l^ji)
ateiLdit\ N.'ai- "\ age. ()]n^o<ita \\h>v! T(X'o\ is
he ( ildt
na
'Ut of Tociti 1 loni w
1 :, .)
aai'iv
loit) \. ais ago a little railroad ran — no, ploiid.ad
— tu Si. Augustine, twenty miles east. 'lia\rl lu
It*
If.
156
LET'S GO TO FLORinA!
those days was a real aht-nfiiro, for the train ran
on no hard-and-fast schedule and stopptil wher-
ever a passenger put in an appearam <■ .ilniiir tla;
track. Federal Point and Orange AIiiLs IoMmw/
and then you reach the orane*" irrovrM] and >till i , -
freshingly old-fashioned town of I'alatka. ( )ncM'
on a time you could com.' riLrlit to Palatka I'roiri
Charleston and Sa\'aiinali, ail llit' \\'ay on an uc^an
liner; although it must. bo conrtMltd that ocran
liners of those davs weren't tith. r a- huLro (»r as
sumptuous as those of the present.
Above Palatka vour r:\»r nairows suddcnlv
and the scenery becomes muru trupical. Tliu hoat
frequently pushes through nr>ro=: nf wnfpr h\a-
cinths in bloom. Occasional clear! n.^-. L'vnvr^ and
villages hold back the jungle, but for th> most
part the river turns and twists thmuir!! nn-pnih-d
Nature. The turns are uUlu >u a'niuiu tliat
further progress upstream seems ini])n<<il)l<'.
Giant oaks and wild olive trees bend ontward
almost to the steamer \s decks. Tar'h - ^pht-h
from cypress knees and float! n;< h.,-^, !i. lon-^ whir
away in pretended panic and songhirds lill llio
hammocks. At night this jyrwi of flj.. jonrnoy is
weirdly beautiful, either wh. u ihxMhl h\ moon-
light or by the big search !i/!< o! th^ -t.anni-.
Suddenly Lake George lies ImIm], w.u, a truly
lovely expanse of water seven miles a^ros^ at its
widest point and about twelve in lies loirj. At
Volusia is the site of an early Span! h mi — ion.
(IKTTIXd AhJoTT IX FLuHIDA 107
The river again narrows and continues slender
and windino" to the end of navigation. T^o Land
is roachiil rail} in tlic morning on the southwartl
tri]». Enterprise lies a few miles on ai.d at hist
JSaiii'ord, on Laku Monrof, i- reached and the trip
is over.
Sonthhonn.d alonir llio St. Jolm's. you will see
tilt' month ot' the Ocklawaha Kiv^r aronn«l a poiiit
to tho riirlit soon, al'trr ])assini: Welaka : which
will (loublk'bs remind you that tho mo:?t inetur-
es(pn' \'oya!TP of all i^ still alu-ad of you. < U"
course you ha\a' hoard ot' tlie Ockhnvaha River
and Silvei- Sprimrs, so why -h.ouhl you have to
hoai- it auMin .' But don't be sa'i^ti'MJ with hoarini:
alnnit thrni. (lo and t^ee them. ^ on/ll !:ot h-' «lis-
a]i]M)lntf(l. V(ni may mal'o ynm- <tart i'rtun Jaek-
sonx'ille hy >teann'r and ^ptnd a iia>' m Palatka
before emharkimr (»n the next -trfteh it' \-on are a
leisurt'h' xnih oi' \ nu ma\' roa^'h Palatka hy tram
or autonii'hih' in time t'or a elose eorin^'e'ion witli
thr hoat- w hieh lra\e at 7 :"'Pvm. dailv. Tlie on.o-
\va\- faiT is slO. The ronnd tt'lp -^If).
Wise t'olks secure aeeonnnt>o,a:io!i- i'l adx'an.oo.
Tho (>ekhn\aha i- the t nrmiiire-t ri\-er in the
Woi'ld. That it wa- laid ont h\- \\\r m:in who plat-
ted the eitv of Ihi-toii i- a tho.tr\' ;ei\;in:eed I'Ut
nf\-ri- ))i-.>\a'd. Tlie -'n!-\- ot" the man \\lu» met hiui-
scll' eomi!M.j- harl. o! iL'in.atftl on this ^*reann liow-
evei-, at the Xeedlek^ K \ e. Tiie huiiau liani- ^"or
the ri\ rv nu-'an.< 'Marh aiid windinir stroam." The
ji
158
l.KT'^ UU lU i-'LulMDA
GKTTIX(; ABOUT iX FLoKIDA 159
li!
r
h
!*
!
Indians were pretty good namcrs. Ilowcx ci-, the
river is only dark in places, and it is moi. tliaii
the name suggests; for it's one of iIm^ loNclirst
streams in tht* worlJ. But don't lakr thr \\ I'itcr's
word for it.
1: wi.: take yoii a^oiit tWfUtv liours to make
the trip to SilvtT Springs, at iho otkI of tli«3
route, and fifteen hours to eoiii'' })a( k. You don't
have to come back if }<'u don't want to, since
Ocala is only six miles awa}. If possiM*' tarry
at Silver Springs long enough tu f tat he in the
gorgeous water; for it is gorgeous; any water is
through which you can see to a dd-*anc.' of over
eighty feet. And, too, t]> a Ldass-lxtttonnd hoat
and have a glimpse *j1 faii}'and. 'Jdni*' arr five
basins here, as well as a subterranean river \\ Inch
comes flowing up with millions of ,L^d]on< <hiily,
and much to interest the visitor for several hours.
Other trips may be ina'h' fr<>ni J.-ick-oaN-Hh- u\)
the St. John's, and most of the- larg'!- rivcis offer
pleasant trips, that up the Caloo^aliatehte and
across Lake Okeechobee being one of tlie best.
Daylight trips are also possible on several of tlio
laru^e-r lakes. On the West Coast ]>o;it> ply lie-
iween various shore piul.-. and liu: neai- h\ l\<>s.
From Tampa you can go by steamer fr, St. l'(-t<i-s-
bur^, Sarasota, Bradenton, I'ahmtto, Anna
Maria, Cortez, Fort Myer-, Marro, lAcrirlade,
Chokoloskee an-; I'.^j W^est. .Vi.d \\ \<hi wimt
to adventure farther toward the tropic-, si( ani< i s
will take yon ir^m Tampa ur Key West to Havana
or I'rom Miami to Xassnu. Or if yon wi.-h to
see New ( )rleans before returning north — if you
must retuian-- tile (nilf and Southern Steamship
Company offers you tin' choice of two iro<Mi boats.
These steamers sail i'rum Tamp»a on Tuesdays at
.*>:()() p.Ar., and land you in New Orleans in just
under two days.
One means of tran<])oi'tation was almost for-
gi^tten. \(m can iret from Lithrr t^ yon — almo-t
anv hither and pra<'tieallv everv von — all thromrli
tlie state by ennit oi't ahle motor hu,^ ■-»■<. At least,
most of thfui ai'e eonifortaltle ; tho<e that aren't
are f<'W and will soon be rrpilaeed I'y the other
sort. It would be impo:?^ible to li-t the motor-
bus lines, since new ones are start ini: almost every
week, luit it is ali'rad}- <at"e i(^ say tlnit one may
trax'el fi'om one end ol' the >t;it<' to tlie otluu' auAl
fi'om one >ide to the otlirr h>- thi< mean<. From
Tampa alone, o\-.u- ih.c White Slaire. tlie (Julf
Coa>t Motor utkI the Hhie Bus CoinpanN' Lines,
you can jouriuy a< far noi-'h ;i^ Bake Bity and
daek'-on\ilh' and a- far -nn'h as h'ort M>-ers and
Balm Bcaeh. Nhui e.m i^'aeli Bt'ook-xjUe and
Bee.->linrLr and Basils, i Orlando, Santord,, Baytomi
and St. Auuai-t I lii'. Yeui t-.i-i l^'o u]) and down the
K'i(B''»'. aiu'd-^ thf !i,t\ !(» S'. B-'! ri'-!iU!'L:\ BU-ar-
N^atri' and TarpMM Springs, and d 'wn aloUL; the
<'<'a,^t to Balne'iln and IBadenlon a':d Sarasota.
^ ou can, ill short, go almost anyw le ae.
160
T WT
'< nn TO FT.nKIDA!
i
: I
it I
i
[',
Florida has been at the business of roal luild
ing in a large way for about four years. JShe
isn't through, by any manner of means, but she
is well along on the job. In the year 19l!.J -lie
expended just short of twenty millions on this
T""»rk. In 1924 the figure was npprnvimatoly the
same. In 1925 it was some three millions Lul'^' i-.
The result is a series of paved and semi haul
highways from Tallahassee on the west tu Jack-
sonville on the east and from the Georirin ^^frife
line to Fort Myers on the West Coast and l-'Ioii.! a
City on the East. Th^re are, besides, eigln \\ •11-
defined cross-state routes, of which fou!- .ii.' al-
ready paved ur semi-hard, one not quitu as l'-o.kI,
and three in process of building and trnvn-al-h'
for parts of their distances. North and soinli,
four main systems of excellent highways cover
three-quarters of the peninsula. Besides tlase
principal constructions there are, of course, nu-
merous connections and branches. One ninv v.nw
start at Tallahassee and journey to F .rt Mm rs,
to A: adia, to Okeechobee, to Fort rii<,', to
Palm Beach, to Fort Lauderdale, lo Miaini and
lu Florida City without leaving paved road^. «nvo,
perhaps, where repairing operations ai<' l^mhil: on.
However, the word ** paved*' in Fh»! i ! a !- a • 1
to include much that is no longer rcallv <L-« iv-
ing of the name. That is, some roads pavad a iih
brick several years ago are now so worn mif iliaL
an ordinary sand-clay surface would 1 - nmia ac-
GFTTiya Ai>')UT T\ FLORIPA IGl
etpiabiL. An example of this type of road is that
between St. Augustine and Bunnell on the East
Coast highway. Other examples of it exist
tliroiiLrliout the state. Such roads were hurriedly
aii'l iiiiwi^.'ly ],uilt, the bricks laid uu a ^and base
williout eLmunting and the law of gravitation re-
lied oTi to ]::nnp ihr-m there. In sueli cases the
law ()!' LTiax itation runs out in a verv few vears.
However, even these road-, most of them only
nine feet in widiji. ar.^ |iraciienl. Ui euursL' when
}uu niuel another ear botli yir;] niid th^-^ nth»-^r
cTiap have to turn nnf. and since the sand outsl.le
the l>ri< ks is general!} loose and deep it some-
times liappens that one or aiioiher of \uu Lrets
stuck, lu a\oaJ ihat pu.-^Mbilily, don't slow do\\Ti
in parsing. Keep on the pavr-mPTit a- lomr as
possible and tlien tnin olT as fast if not faster
tlian Mai wore running before. AV'tli hick you'll
i''>ini.!.a' back to safety. Those narrow brieve
ruad^ aro duumod, but ju.si now the dema!i.l for
pavimj' wln^ro ihnvo ]< ouly improved roacb and
the (banaiid Wiv iinpi'oxa'il r<ta.l where there is
<eily :-a!id lia-- (bTi\r.l :!;.^ i"''bi:iMi:,i_r i^i' :h<-m.
^*!"' -<'aia-i'!\ ba- a riL;bl to kick akuul lhc^c in-
liKpK lit -ti.'tches of loose and no ended hriokv
tlionLrb, I'nv l''|(.rida ba- neoix' ]iundred< ^n" miles
ot I'ralK excellent roadwav o\aa- wlilc]; i.>ni-nt'\-
im: i- a pleasure.
Ib-^ni Tallabassee west\\ ai'.l, ilighwa\ Number
"1' 'fi< ''M >^panish Trail, is being hard surfaced
162
LET'S GO TO il.Kh'lDA
I
or paved all the way to the Alabama line. Some
portions of it are now ready, and the conipl. t mn
of the undertaking is looked for during liir -pnng
of 1926. Travel by automf^^iln ^vest of T;ill;iii;i>-
see is possible in good weather at !>r« -.ip. hut
not to be advised as a pleasure. The East Coast
Highway is generally goo I, although th* r.' ar<'
stretches of worn-out pavement and a section of
a few miles south of New SmyrTin -tiH only in tln^
'Mniiiroved'' stage. Stil!. i-n;i.l woi-lv goes on so
fast ii: I''"ri.la that by the time you read thi- the
exceptions ma} le out of date, li i.- now |)o<>il>l(3
to cross from one coast to the othor in ( oint'ort
from Bradenton to F^^vi Pierce (n- Palm Pxach
i'> way of Arcadia, Okeechobee and tip' ('onnms
Hisrhway. The latter is the recently comph 1(m1
toil road along the eastern .^liure oi Lake ( )k(ju-
eho]>oo. The toll rates nro two cents por mil*' p^r
car and one cent per irnh' ])*'r passiMiircr. The
much advertise^] T.-iiniami Ti'.iil i- -till in llni
makiiiLT. although it has seen consiiltiaMc pi'oir-
rL\>>. Within the past }t'ar. A' present the
^^farthest south" is near f'onita Spi-imrs on llio
West Coast, while a consid^raM'' -trctdi of road
lia- been built due west from Miami and another
sectin!! is nearing comphtion .-iliMut midway in
Lee ( uunty. It is likely thai ili-? will witness
fho r-nmnletion of this importanf and (lifiicnll task.
The highway through the lake di-triei and
southward along the Ridge is in g^ni rally line
(iKTTIXG ABOUT IX FLuiUDA 16:]
condition. The same is true of the St. Ji^lm's
K*i\. r route as far as DeLeon Sprinirs, heluw
wliirh iJae.j a :riiurt stretch of sand-elay is on-
euuntered. The nmeh needed eonnection between
Palatka and Ocala is still lacking. In tlie vicinity
<'f linim's City, Lakeland. Partnw and Pake AVales
tlare is a veritable network oi pa\(Ml roads, and
the vi.-iiur is afforded a varioty of rentes over
"^'^'^'-^^ ^^ ^^^ that section. Between Tampa and
I>rad.-nt(in two pavcd Idirliways ai'o alTorded.
Eastward, Ai'f-adia tind< la^rself the meeting place
f)^" ti"^'' pn\'<'d OI- scmidiard I'oads. Fort Elvers
may at labl be reaehof] witliont nn]ileasant ex-
prrioTicps. On f],. ^vl,nle Florida need otTer no
apologi.'s t.. the motorist. She has done well in
the mattrr of I'l.ads, is doiinx letter an<l won't
be sati-ti.'.l iintil ..jh^ ]ias the fim'st system of state
roads in ih," conntry. An.l that means in the
world.
The Floi-ida Antomoliile Association of tlie
A. A. A. has its headunartei's at < >rlando and
maintains more than three lnindn-d service sta-
tion< and inlorniation hnreans thromrliont the
•^''■'te. The \-i-iiiiiL'- motoi'ist is accoi-(hMl cvei-v
conrte-y aiid -honld r.'t'er to the Tiearest hnr^'au
lor infoianat ion i'r'j-;irdin<^^ state hiws, local rcLT-
nlations and condilioii.^ of hiii-hwavs. A road map
(•f Floi-i.la i- pnh.]i<l!iM| \-ai'!v and may he liad
tree of chaia'-.'. If one can di-!-. irai'd Mie mnch
nnnecessary and nncall-d fm- drtad on the latest
164
LET'S no TO P^T.OKITW'
production he will find the informatimi r. Larding
the roads up to date and authentic. The Auto-
iii .bile Association can do better aimtliMr time.
Residents of l^^rrida are not yet requirtMl to
be licensed in order to chive an autuiiiohllf, aiiJ
the result i- rather rli^maying to strniiirrr?. A
( ;ir on which a registration fee of fit't\- ctui^ ])t"r
hundred pounds of wei-li^ lia- h. .11 paid may be
driven by any person able to reacli ih.c wIkm'I, irio-
sppctive of age, color, mental or pliysical caiiac-
ity. In a state where a spcM-l of fnrtv-tivo niih^<^
an hour is legal outside of conmniuities, t1iis con-
diM"ii of afl'air,- <loes not inak.' I'm- >af''ty. Xor
does it add greatly to the ].h a-ur*- of <]riviii^^
in the to\sTis whero n cnroornii'j- (hTivrry v»'lii('le
iiiav be ••manned" bv a t\veive-y.'ar-<>hl coIoi-im]
boy, a four-ton truck by a iria t'lKi^lh'] nrLrio <>i'
a hounding *'fli\^-er" by a <h';if aiiih-lunih para-
iviic. Florida's automuhilu law:; will .-laud re-
vising.
The short-tern] registration }\:\< "! n al-nli^licih
and nonresident motorists operate nn!' i' a
''iL-jiprocity" clause which entitles tlicni in n-<'
their cars for such a peiiml as hs allowed non-
residents by their home states.
Tourist camps are frequent fhroii-liniil the
state, although the free (amp 1- na the (h'(Tiiie.
CIl.U'TLK XIII
TIIK j:\'ekulades
"Whkn til.' wiatrr was very young and studied
gcoirraphy from a large thm book his youUiful
imagination never failod to bo inflnmod l^v tlu'ee
foatur(v< apponrinir on tlio l-lii.' and irrt'cn an<]
]»ink and yrlh)w ma|)s tlanaam Ono wa< \\\i\\^
cat.'d hy til." mairic h-u-.-nd ''LlaiK) K<tacadn. or
Orcat Staked Plains," wliidi, by sonn^ odd ])or-
version ot' mind, was always mentally associated
with a full m.'al; one wa^ kn.nvn as the IMvuial
Swam]), and ore as the K\aa'Lrhidos. In later
years ho passed over tho Staked Plains in a tra.i:!
"1" 1^1'' Santa F*' Kailroad, and discovei-ed i^wv^
more that i-omaneo i^ al\\av< a ,inT]u> ahead. Still
later he \-ie\v,(l the Dismal Swamp, or <ome ,»f
it, at lea-t, from a liurr\-ii!Lr, humpini^ au^nnohila
and t'oiind it no more divin.-il tli;ni ;i lumdre,] o:her
Hno.led ]-ei:ions. And eventually lie beheld the
fabled la\-erLdade<. In e'aeh ea<t^ he wa.< .lisap-
l'"'filed. Life i^ li]<r tlj;it. XothinLT ])an< out iu<t
.'IS imaLdnation ])ielure< if. There wa^, for in-
stance, the faniou- eiephaat. .Iiiniho, A hraarhh^s
,iu\a'!ii|(' woi'M \\;!< 1,.(| to h,'l!r\e t hi a t Junih.) wav
soniethim^^ e()l()vv;il ;j!i,] ;,x\,, iii.^pi riiiLT. In t'av't
that irrcat tictioiiisi, \\v l>;ii-!!uni, regaled u> willi
i(ir>
166
LET'S Go To FLORIDA!
])n.-ters showing the ^'"R. Ininotli df Holy Wrlf
bein^ led 'lirijii-rli the streets n\ Xtw ^'ork, or
puiiibiN ii was Londun, bcLwcuu lliruiiirs ot' clict'i--
ing citizens, his head nhnnt lovp] with tliircLstorv
windows. And lliiii in- canit' to tdwn and \v(' saw
him, a:id— oil, that's the usef Bii:, >('<, lie was
luLT, ail right enough, lait lir wa.-n't so <lai-ii l)igl
The writer "6 preconceived id. a of the Fh)ri(hi
iEvpr2'lndn=:, with tlin hirr wifro-jy^lincd spot at th'^
\t>\) called Lak*' < >l^eeehobee, was of a vast, <lt'iiso,
Amazonian .iunLH.' filled wiMi mammoth trees and
giant ferns and tropical lM-a>ts, hii-ds and ])los-
soms. Tn Lri.'f, the sort of tliinir tliat Captain
i^^ayne ]\.id, of rf\a'rf(] mfmor\', would have ])r<^-
vided if he h:id liad thf manairinir <'f things.
'^ outhful im.'iLrination ei-owih-d it witli apes and
bua eun^^Lrictors, panthers and crucudiles. Per-
haps thorp were even ^nmp of flin^^p trops whicli
]M)!^oned the intrepi.l .•\|,loi-ti- with theii" di'a<lly
exhalations. Anyway, tlif l'i\-''ru'la<h'< wln-n the
^\^^\u■^ dr-ann-d over his Lig gt'OL'^i'aphy Itook were
all righll Idiey're all I'ight still, hut tli^y art'iTl
the -nmp "Pv^'TLdades they wore tlipu.
What they are now is a \ast piairh' al)ouf iriO
miles long hy 7" v/ide, containiuL^ in tie- nriirli-
horhcHMJ of 8,000 square miles, an area m-arly the
size of ihe state of N^'ew Jersey. Tho r< irion is a
eor dline limestone basin, its rim leokin down in
places and allowing water wl)l( !i (olh. i^ tier, in
from the rainfall and frona niimcroa,- >piing> to
THE EVERGLADES
IC
flow info oeean and Lrulf. The generrd elevation f
is some sixteen feet above sea level, the lim
i-eaehing a Jicii:hl uf several feet more. Tlie ,
region is sprinkled witli wooded islands (liam-
moeks) \ar\anij: in >ize t'roni mere knolls a few
S(iuai-e yards in (extent to ex])anses of larire acre-
age crowded with Inxuriant vegetation. Most of
the territoi-y, however, consists of level glado,
traversed hy hnndi'eds of watercour-es and con-
taining numerous small, shalhnv lakes. In tho
rainy season the entire surface is covered with
water, save for the hammocks, and depths of from
a few inches to tw.-lve feet are found. This con-
dition may piawnil throucrhout most of the year
when the summer rains aro excessive oi" when a
com])aratively rain^y winter ensues. ]\Iuch of the
overflow fi-om Lake ( )ka'.'ch(»])ee al.<o makes its
way into the (ilade<, althonirh as the ])resent ex-
teiisixa' di'ainaiT'' project pi'oiri'ess.'s this sup]^L'
will he h's>en<Mh Th(^ watt-r ot' the Everirlades is
clear and jiui'o and ne\aa- >ia'_:-!;aiii. since it is for-
tvcv in moiiun in a iT'ieTal southerly <lireetlon.
Lrop(M-ly speak inir. Lake Okpoeliofipp is not a
part of the h]\aa-Lrlades, hut form< thrir naaT'theru
hioundary. The t-a^li n; l-oii'idai-}' consists o\' pine-
lands along the Allaiilic coast, the south.ern ot
ma!iLri'o\a' swamps lining liie l>ay o\' h'h>rida and
the (Jiilt' of Mexico, the we^trm o t" Wn: ("xprcss
Swamp, which extends to the gull' coa-t. Tlu^
loundation of coiallinc sandstone freipaenlly ]U'o-
f
t i
J'
I,!
168
LET^S GO TO FLOIMDA!
trudes above the surface and as frequ' tiHv drops
i^away in pot-holes and springs. ' >\ • i- th- lork
there is generally a deposit of hhk k tioin a frw
I inches to several feet deep. iVat, it {. iumI to
if elsewhere, occurs over a large ten iioiw TIh' air
/ is fresh and the wind blows constant!}, ir-ually
/ from the southwest. TL" }'rii;rl|.;il irrowtli of the
Glades is saw grass, a sedge witli iliTcr tonihcd
edges which will cut as easily If not so el* anly
as the tool it is named for. A< ( Mrdlii^^ to water
/idepth, the saw grass attains a li« iLrlit of t'lom
/jfour to ten feet, an<] iiiak-< nioi-.' than an ineh
I /of such growth in twenty-fuui Luias. Tho tem-
perature in the Glades i- oxfremely orpial)!' , be-
cause of accessibility t'> winds n nm oct an and
gulf. In winter it ranges froni 7" to ^o <}.'Lrrrts.
Although waterways adnnittinir ilat lMit^)nn'<]
boats and canoes wander practically all o\ a i- tie'
Glades, navigation is difficult ui mni,' ways than
one. Saw grass must almo.-t cDn^tanil}- he
avoided, shoals appear unexpected!.-, n-M. -.vitat-
ing short carries, and the sense of diit( tl(»n is
easily lost. To attempt the windiiiL^ < rr. ks and
courses without a competent s/ ail- i- imt advisa-
ble. The Everglades have never yet been anthon-
tically mapped, nor have nunf i!i;in two or thrive
expeditions succeeded in crossing tin m. dhapprrs
and hunters well experienr'<'d wiMi t!i(' -tKariis
occasionally penetrate to the inUoini in < a noes,
however. Hammocka dot the surfac* lilx* inlands
THE KVEKr; LADES
169
in a lake, large ones and small ones, hy tluAv sim-
ilarity at a distance adding to the difficulty of
(>ri< ntation. Under the care of a good giiid- a
trip iiito ih'j (j lades is an interesting and en-
joyahle adventure. The hunter will likely be wrll
rrpaid I'nv a week or so spent there, for deer still
Mi;ii^<' ile-ir liMiii,. ill the Glades, as do ht-ar^ and,
wildcat- and a few panthers. Small. n- -ame
abounds. The (JiadfS are one of the la-^ fast-
nesses of the di-appearinir 'Lrafoi-s, and, iheoreti-
eally at jca-t. rrMn tdilos may !'<■ fnnijl there, too,
althniiL:!i tle'<e latlur are more at home along the
seaeoa.-t.
Alliirator^ t)refer fi-esli or hraeki-li water to
salt and moxana" wat^r to stagnant. T:e'\- iidial-it
hnrro\\s alnni^^ -troam<, hat seem to <pMe;'l m.o<r
ot their tinh' a\\a\- from lioia,', jvinir r>artl\- or
wholly ont of water. A 'iratur slide is easilv
recoLrni/.fd wIkmi *^(^(Mi and alwavs iiidientes a ^a-
voi'ite -winnninL;- lio'e nrar hy. A '^rn'or mav
irrnW to he elLrliteeli foct in heiL^tJi, |.\- W!;!.''! Mnio
he has attained a rii'e n\d ;ii:e ef weH (u-er a
hundred yeai-.<. He feeds ou lish, turtles, hi!\i<,
sna]<i'<, li/'a rd-, lVof>-< n^^d not infrcipienth' on.
hi- own yonnu'-. To shoot one, aim for just a'>o\'e
an e\-e or e!n-e lip I'-hi-d a foreleg. Sometime-
a <li(.t at t! r iiineiid'i of head and neck will tura
the tiiiT. S!iM(tt at any other place iv\<] von
waste aninniaitinn ; one reason wli}' alliLralor hai^s
\Near >o W ell I
I
170
LKT'S Go 'Yn FLoKlDA!
The 'irator defends iumscll' with jaws ami tail,
and makes a good jnh of it, too. It is still possible'
ti> rat«'l! sight ot* a 'gat^- In hi> naiivf liauiit, but
it wuii'' I-' iiiiU'L longer, for his rxtrriuiiiatioii
goes oil apaeu. Tiiu^c wlm \-isioii l^dorida as a
roeioii toomin^r with airnrator> and crocodihjs
must revise their pl.-tiirr. Thr chaiiro of sotuug
a 'ira'or out-i'l'' an "alliLrator farm" or in the
^hapo of a t ravelinir-baL: is gettinir mii::hty slim.
If vou :>liuuld bu lucky enou^i^di to como on one
takinir a siesta .in^t Isoop (jniot and ho will lot
vou iraze your lill. Di-iurb him, Imwovt-r, and
he will A'ulr- HUt of sight into tlio wator or waddle
(iuicklv in'o hi- burrow
A 'irator will fiL^dit liko^
/
Sam Hill if >"'>u insist, but, liko m-arly ovory wild
animal thu w^rld ovor, ho will h't you soveroly
alone so long as you dnn't start anything.
Your chance of seeinir a Fhu-ida crocodilo is
|.ra<-tiraliy nil unless you make a l)usiness of
hun^inir him ujk Thu Cnjcudilus A})i> ri<'iiin:>
pr<']*ab'v never did oxist on this rontinrnt in as
larire numbers as his con-in tic albiL'-ator, and
to-day he is pretty nearly .'Xtin.rt. If you do see
one you \\ill ruadiiy id-ntify him for what he
is, fur he doesn't resemble Iho alli'-rator more
tlian -nporfi'-iallv. 11.' ha- very narrow, pointed
jaws and long teeth, whereas the 'ga^orV- nos.' is
broad and round and his teeth short, r. Xot, of
courbL-, that it is advisable to examiiio the teeth
TllK KVKK(;LA1)HS
171
ot" cidier animal too closely. The 'gator dresses
in black and dark htrown on top and wears a yol-
lowi>h wai.-lcoat, while tic d'orcxiile attires him-
silf in ^-reenh-loiri-ay, witli an occasional blotch
of black, as to his t0|)-side, and is much liirhter
i)oneath than the 'g^^^tor. If every other means
of ident ilication fails, however, vou can alwavs
dilTcrtuit iatc the crocodile fi'om liis fellow re])tile
by the pi'csence of tusk holes in the upper jaw
which acconnnodate the two I'ront lower teeth.
If those paiiicular teeth don't ])rotrude thromrh
the upper jaw }'our crocodile is an alligator, no
matter what he tolls you.
The Floinda ci'ocodile rancres alonir tln^ coast
fi'om south of Miami to Cape Sable and, to some
small extent, ahuiir the Keys. TT(^ likes salt water
lairoons and ]ionds and must ha\'e a sia beach
liandv for iiestinir. rnlikc the alliijrator, wh(^ lavs
her one to two hundrcij eirirs on a built-up ar-
ramremmt (>"[ sticks, leaves, sedge and mud. the
lady crocodile makes a nest lilre a sea turtle's.
That is, she scoops a hole in. the sand at the
water's edLrt\ deposits jterhaps sixty or seventy
egu"s therein, co\'ers them up, smooths the sand
down and foi-irets all ab(uit the wliole alTair.
AVhen the baby crocodiles hatcli out and (^merire
from the wai'in nest they have to fen<l for them-
selves, and no fa\"ors asked oi" i:i\"en.
It is alwa\'< open season on alliirator^ and croc-
odiles, and varicuis llzarils whose skins look well
172
LET'S GO TO FT.mKTPA'
V when made up into bags, purses and so on, and
'• it won't be many years before they, like the inan-
. atee, or sea-cow, will be just a n; inoiy < )f
* course a few hundred will iLiiiaiii to be \ icwcd
. with curiosity by incredulous visitors to | nix ate
*'farms,'' but they'll be missinir from tla' wild
life of the state, just as the }- arakeet is, and tlio
flamingo and many another beautiiul or putur-
esque former denizen of I'luridci luia ^is and
shores. Considering that thero v.-]]] always re-
main — at least for a great many years— p-rtion=^
of the lower end of the state whicli (aiinot be
turned into groves, truck patches or snlnirv i-ion-,
it would seem only fair to future general ion^ to
save a few crocodiles and alligators. Tt i^n'l, }<)u
know, as if they were dangerous citizens, lV.r tht y
aren't. No one was ever pursued along a count ly
road by an enraged 'gator or chased up a live
by a maddened crocodile. Of course, tla; wrlur
doesn't recommend them for household p('f- or
even as farmyard animals, but in their o\\n
haunts they are picturesque and peaceful aixl ail
largely to the interest of the wilderness.
Another inhabitant of the Everglades and ihc
adjoining regions deserves as much ^pnoo n- the
alligator, surely. The reference is to the S' mi-
nole Indian.
To the writer the Seminole of to-day h.diis a
rather pathetic figure, although tliere is no evi-
dence that he considers himself ku<Ii. lb ap-
TPIE K\'KlJ(rLAnES
173
ugh. lie ii a ," f
Indian nations, ^ I
pears saii>litil an<l cniitented eno
composite of the Creek and other India]
the iien-ro and, possibly, the Spaniard. Tn fact,
1]i(r(''> no tellinc: what racial strains may t'^ow
llii-riuirli tlie veins ot^ tlie present-day Seminole.
Oeeai^ional!}" iLtj Iniiiau riiaracteristics <>i eounte-
nance are mueli in evidence; occasionally tl.-' f^^a-
turrs }ia\a' a di-tiuct negroid cast. Ib>WfV.-r, ^bey
are as bon.'st as their white neighbor-, peaceable,
an<l s»']i'-respeel inir. V^^v ^-me year- followins:
tbe St-miiiolu War tiiuv remained verv charv of
sliowinLT tliamselves to the settlers. Then, as vil-
lages sprani: up along the coa.<^ tli-'V began to
vrnturo I'orili In. ila-ir diiLrriuts to sell and barter.
''J'o-(bi\" tbr\- are beliewu*- in iiiblicitv. and sev-
era! Indian \i:!ages on the East (^oa-t have be-
come inonry-m.akiTiir r^ropn^itions by reason of
tilt' tlion-ai Tills of \i-i:()]-< wbo v-iv a Imission to
tliom. (Jai'o a t - w ban e become caddies and ca-'-v
the irttlt"*!'-' ba>L:- o\a>r !'.■ llialeah links, outside
]\liami. Slill olher> a!"a traixaliUi; ibe eouiitrv
\\\\\\ airens trou]^e^. lb>\vfver, the home life per-
sists in bM'abi'ir- r.anM'X. d tb'om the pa.lb.- of
ti"a\ol and ibo o!>l aiivSen- :ive tenaciously clunia:
to. Soinr ol' Uu'M' ai\' no\vl and inlereslini:.
Tliaf, tor i!t-^taTie«\ which decrees that a ^v^^>^v
sball L^aib lar-r't" in black after her hn>-!^a"'i'^
ibaili a!hl lit \ ,a tii.a her clothes otT. Eveutuallv
1 bf\ t h'Mp 11
>\v
n accord, ^^l^e!l a wife
dios ibr bu-l'and ttin-l \\<.\u' the sauio
174
LET'S no TO FLoIMDA!
four months, lie is also ru^Lnclud I'roni visitiiiir
V hi'u settlements. A Seminole man i^ Furird with
■ liis lii'W and ;irrtAvs, gun ii" ]\r ]in< one, liiintiiii::
, kiiift' and raMoii- I'nr a ihree-dnv j(»uriR'\' to
^ ^'liupiL'," li.L' iia]i|>}' liuiiling Ground.
A Sominole encampment generally (( insists of
froni I'oiir to six families, a famiil\- coniprisiiii::
fatluT. T!.Mtii,.i\ d-pendent r-Iafives, chiMiTu and
sonsdn-!aw. A Seminole maidni dof-n't ltd off
iand .-'t up iiuusekeeping alter mai-riaice. Slie
.]brii!ir> ImM'y Iiottio to the pnterTial iialm-tliatclictl
rroof. Ti.^' !:()uses ar*' «i'-\'at<'d soiiu- two fftd
a!io\-e the ground, a wi-^ aia'anL'i'mt'nt in a couii-
tr}' >i;l>.it'Ct to summer iinmdat ioii<, and have
no wall>. Tcrhaps the term house i^u't deserved.
rnvorrMJ p^■lff^rm wmild "ho more dnsrriptivc
The storehouse i> u!.dfr th*' roof, aiid there surli
treasure- as blankets and pi'-i\-i<ions are ke|)t.
Cooking is dune iu tlie open air o\-er tires of loirs
placed like tho spokes of a w lieel, the flames t)e-
iuLT at the hub and the logs a<lvaneed as the inner
,ends are consume*]. ()]ie tire serx'es for the whole
l!villai:e, and, since a tire is never allowed to *;o
(•out sa\'e when the \-i!!aLrer< travel, there's no
coTiL^estion of cook-;. Tliey have praetieed deliy-
draiioti f^e- many years, since heiir hefore an
airitate.! Government brouudit It t^ the attention
of a war-'ime puhlie. Tiiev dry their veiretaliles
thorouL:h!\' in the sun, pack them away until
needed and tlion soak tliom for several hours he-
=
— ^
y.
y.
X
/% . :'
<•«'- i.
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
^•i^f^mm
174
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
four months. He is also restricted from visiting
white settlements. A Seminole man is buried with
his bow and arrows, gun if he has one, hunting
knife and rations for a three-day journey to
^^Hopie," the Happy Hunting Ground.
A Seminole encampment generally consists of
from four to six families, a family comprising
father, mother, dependent relatives, children and
sons-in-law. A Seminole maiden doesn't go off
and set up housekeeping after marriage. She
brings hubby home to the paternal palm-thatched
Toof. The houses are elevated some two feet
above the ground, a wise arrangement in a coun-
try subject to summer inundations, and have
no walls. Perhaps the term house isn't deserved.
Covered platform would be more descriptive.
The storehouse is under the roof, and there such
treasures as blankets and provisions are kept.
Cooking is done in the open air over fires of logs
placed like the spokes of a wheel, the flames be-
ing at the hub and the logs advanced as the inner
ends are consumed. One fire serves for the whole
village, and, since a fire is never allowed to go
out save when the villagers travel, there's no
congestion of cooks. They have practiced dehy-
dration for many years, since long before an
agitated Government brought it to the attention
of a war-time public. They dry their vegetables
thoroughly in the sun, pack them away until
needed and then soak them for several hours be-
X.
y.
V.
V.
V.
V.
Till-: K\'KKGLADES
175
X
foro rnokiiii:. Bcwc: PXroYlcnt ]inui('T<, the Somi-
liolcs seklern wani I'or iiu-at. ( )ccasin]iallv tliev
make purchases of it, sa!t pork especially, at the
white incir.s slurt'S. Their favorite dish, ''sof- .' ^
kee,'' consists of hoihd corn nical, or mush, and
strips of pork or bacon cooked therein. ''Sofkee"
is eaten with a larire wooden si)oon which is
dipped in the iron ])ot and then lianded from
one to another. When one is really hungry,
*\sofkee" is palatable and satisfyinir.
Permanent \illages raise their own pigs and
cliickcns and keep oxen for hauling and plowing.
Tsually, iiKh'cd almost invarialily, there is a sew-
ing machine under one or another of the thatches,
and on tins the w^nmen fa^liio?] the coh>rful cos-
tumes woi'u by both sexes. The men wear knee-
lenirth skirts and blouses, sometimes addim? as ?
a tinal touch a iray handkerchief around the neck. '
Sometimes, too, that badge of civilization, the ,
derl»\- liat, is dnnnrd, in wliicli case tlie Seminole ■
considci's himself about perfect. A few have
abandoned the native costume altoirether, l)ut
these are mm whu liave, as well, practically aban-
doned tribal \illages ar^d customs. Ivich village ?
has its own distiiictive costume so far as color .
is conce]'ne(l, with red the favorite and vellow, '
black and blue foilrtwini: in that order. (Tans
are name(l for aniTnals and birds, as ''Turtle/' x'
"Ott.'r," ''Kaglu" and so on. The women take z^
pleasure in dress and especially in adorniuij: them-
I'
Ml
1 76
■:t"-^ (i' ' T' I I'l.i »fnr)A!
selves with as many strings of glass, shtH nr
metal beads as their mpnir- afforri Tliosi- are
e Semiiiolt'S
ri'liinix aii'l
lifv spread
that's that.
li
; »
)i
4
i
seldom removed. For that nia't, r. t
don't bother lh< mselves imi' h wii]
disrobing. When bedtime comes
their blankets and crawl in, and
When they bathe, which they do wiMi coniinnKl-
I able frequency, they walk into the water with
i clothes on and kill two birds wi'li one st<»iie, wash-
•; ing their bodies and their garments ia the same
^ operation. They are governed by nn dioino mon
who call councils and preside at them, p* rforrn-
ing marriage ceremonies, settling disputes and
meting out justice.
,' There are two distinct Seminule hiiiLniaL^'s, so
utterly unlike that the Indians inlial iiiiiLr tho
northern parts of the Everglades cannot talk with
their brothers of the southern - .arai -. Ihat is,
not without the aid of some acc'ini li-ln d liiiLrui-t
acquainted with both tongues. However, eith< r
language is simple and easy to ^poal,- and under-
stand — if you happen to be a S. ra! mh-. other-
wise, you might far better try ymir tnnirn,. at
Chinese. The Seminoles work the h tt. r^ of tho
alphabet to death, 8howiIl^^ Iiowf^ver, litth' fa\or-
itism between consonants nnl \'e.vois; rvr-.p' tliaf
an P], wandering into i Seminole \'1],il^', uoiiM
last about ten minutes! Some of th* ir word- are
delightfully short, like **Cliee," eurn, hat nm^t
of them go the limit, as: **Och-chee-lo wat kee,'*
THH KVIaHGLADKS
177
irrrtai eorri ; "< N-Iide'e-tot-oda-go-chee,'' corn
bread; " I hil k(j la la gu-ehee, * " rattlesnake; **E-
]it-ta-i)ix-tpp-r-fa-eh<) to dcre-not-ee," instep, and
— take a .irodd, deep hrratli ! — ''Tiidt'odi-pixdee-e-
t o k e - k eed< i'e- 1 a y - LTa \\', " w r i - 1 .
Title to the iii\'er'da(h\- lurmerlv v;;;s held bv
ihe Federal Oovornmen.t, but it evontnady doodod
to tlie state oi' h'lni'ida twtnyv ndllion acres with
the understandinLT tJiat ijiry were to be drained.
In l^^l a }ti ivate concern started on four r.iillitni
acres and attempted tu eunstruet e:i!;;diS from
OkooclinlMM^ fo Hiopoplipo anfl beyond. Intense
t]-,^ 1
I I
tndertaking, {
'' ■ \''-ntnr. < t'ai^'d
summer rain- jeit a <piietus on
and one or \\\'n other ]iri\Tt
scarcely better. In ]9^i) tli^ -^ate itself took ]uA'],
prompted by the t'oi'eeful Ci!o\'t'rn<«r Napoleon B.
IW'oward. a Florida "(^rapkr-r" b\- birth, who. al-
thonLrh laekinir edueati'Mi, ne\aM"theless liad \'i-iipi
and t"oT"c<iirlit anil indoniitable eoni'asre. I^^T'owai'd
made lii- eampai^Lcn <>:i a phi' t'o^an et' • • Ih'y L.uid in
the l']\-eri:lados/' an.d won. Ila\i!;i: been elected,
lio irot bnsy an.d i-eal woi'k ot' T'eeh-imation bt'unan.
A OrainaLTe r>oa!-d wa< t'ormt-d ani^l <'\ pa'ud.s
])rojeeted, and t'^i' a while iliiTLrinL: went fio-ward
Well. Hilt the project wa- a huge one, unforeseen
diiheulties wt>ri^ mid a::l lliP wni-k flowed up.
Hdie I'dorida pnblie. our-,!,],^ ot" a <Tnall n.'nnber
of land o\s iiers to w lioni the draining of the Ever-
^dades meant financial salvation, became apa-
thetic. Idle whole project began to take on the
\
178
jj:t's no to Florida:
stTiiliianco f^i a \'i-ioii. Money was not fortlicoin-
iiiLT wK.ii needed and legislaturr at't-T It'Lri.-lature
I'oiihti other u-e< h»r -tate I'uikIs. Ihit the work
Lt'V.T aetually ceased, and t<)-(hiy thei-e is much
to sLow. Aljuul twel\"e million (h)lhirs havi' been
oxppHfh-d and four lhou>and s^juare miles liave
been made lit for I'arminLT pui'poses. The Con-
iiers Iliirhway has been built, althouLrh not nnder
the Drainage Board, thronirh th(^ heart of the
Everirlades, connecting \Ve>t Palm I^cacli with
Ok(/echobep, on the edire of tile hike ot' tliat name,
i and r)|ieninL: up to settlement a lariro territory
ot' rii'h muck land-. Tn-day the mnlertakiiiLT is
enjoying a n-w l-a-- ni' jil'e, with the ])resent
governor, John W. Martin, fnrc-l iil!>- behin<l it.
Ahniit 19,000,000 million acres rrmain to Ite drird
i:]'. and -if tliis number some f"ur anil a halt' Tnih
lion are CApecled lu he read\' luT the plow in YSlI ,
I
MAIXLAXD FLORIDA
Fr is not intended in the following chapters to
mention even in pas>inLr, much less describe, all
the towns and places of interest on the wav. Xor
is it intended to deal at lemrth with those that are
mentioned. Instead the writer proposes to arbi-
trarily divide the state for his })resent purpose
into four sections and seek to convi^y a general
im])ression of each section as a whole rather than
report on its communities. Exceptions will be
mad(\ of coni'se, ot' the larirer cities, h)ut for de-
tailed infoT'ination reirai'dim^ the geniM'al run of
towns the T'eader i< referi'ed to local authorities.
No FloT'ida town will refuse to enliirhten the
thirsfer after knowhulire; in fact, most o]^ tliem
ai-e armed and Ivimr in wait for the tlurster;
armed with facts an.d tiLTin-es an.d liiudily tintc'd
pam])hlets so tnxcellently prepared as to put the
present writer to shamt\
The western jiart (d' tlie state as far to the
east as a liic drawn i'vt)u\ the mouth o( the Su-
wanee l\i\cr tlii'ouirh Lake Flty shall comprise
the sectiiui called Mainland l''i.u"i'la. Tlie rest
<if the state naturall}' ilixlih'- '!>elf in'(> tlu' West
Foast, the l'ki>t Foa^t and llie Ridge sections.
IT',!
180
LETS GO 'I'll I-T.nKMHA!
J
Let us travel the mainlaiui iM.rtin:! tir>t, ('nt.riiig
the state by the Old Spanish Trail aii.l cn^sini.^
Perdido Bay to Pensacola. Aft.r all, it is onlv
fair to start with Pensacula, fnr that old city
is said to be the outcome of the t]v>\ rral settle-
ment on the AiiitriLan continent. AVhih- Pensa-
cola itself was not found'^l until MVji]^ PmsaeoLi
Bay was visited as early as loSG hy Dr Soto, and
either he or another estaMi-lif.] a rath.-r sketchy
settlement on Santa Rosa T>]an.]. Tliis was de-
stroyed by the storm of 17^)4. or so tlie ^torv o-oe=:.
Pensacola is as full of history as a north, rn Flor-
ida pecan is of meat. Spaniard and Frenclmian
fought for her possession, a-^ dh], lat.r, Spaniard
and Briton and then Briton and American, and
finally American and Amcrir'an. Thr transfer ..f
West Florida from Spanish tn Ane rican rnh' took
placehereonthesiteof th<' present Tity Hall, and
the first governor of the new T. rrit Mr\ m}' Floii.la
lived for a while there and presided ov.r the
first session of the Legislalur. . ron<e<iu,-ntlv to
Pensacola belongs the honor <>\' h txiriL'- I.-mii tln^
first capital of Florida. 1> ifi.- tl, ('\v\] War
the Confederate forces held Fort P.arran.a< and
Fort :«I itae, and the Union forces h.ld Fort
Pickens, on Santa Rosa Tdand. Tiv<-ri]v opp.^nt.'
the town and across the chaine 1 ti.rn f'',,it McIJar.
The Confederates made sovera! d^^rnlin(d at
tempts to capture the Unioii .-.truiiglinhh hut they
were unsuccessful and the Star<^- and Strip, s (on
AIAIXLAXK FLuIMDA.
181
tinnec] to tly from the island rampiarts all tkroii^di I
the war. /
Pensacola to-day is a prosperous and pleasant
city charminirly sitnate.l between bay and bavon-.
witli nine miles of water front bonndinir her o!i
three sides and a wonderful \-it'W from hi t w.ll-
elevated position of bay and xuiiid ant] far-
stretebin<4" ,t:ult\ of tree-horih^red bayou an-l river
and f^aiardino: K.-ys. Atop Palafox Ilill one is wrll
over a hundi'ed feet above sea level, and tbie city
is ri.irlitly proud of sucli an elevation. She denies
l)y it naturally aiid h(»ne-tly, too^ for jtn<t across
the bay at Town Point the Appalaeliia!! luinir.- lias
its modest beirinnimr — or en-Iinir. Pensacola is a
cit>' of fine Ituildinirs, conifoT'iable residences and
wdl-sliaded streets. Ibr harl^or is one of the best "•
in the country, the only !iatural deep-water h;ir-
bor on the (Julf (^oast, ai'jl an inimnn'^e import i\i:d
export business is done leu'e. Pi P^'Jl th-- port
industi\\' amour.led to nior^- th;i'i ti!''\- million dol-
lars. Here art.' the marine t-^i'minaP ol {wo hn''-re
rail\va\s, cual tipples, oil terminals, naval stores
\\'areliouses, ship huildliiLr ]»knd^ and i^reat fish i
whar\-es. (Pensacola Iea>N the co'i':t!-\- in the red i
sna})per ti-h i!idu>t i'\ . "> Tin-. -• nulos of ^\■:,.i!•f:ll:e 1
IS what the cit\ ofT.'rs t^ \ essols of the deepest
dramrht, alone sullicienl, il wuuld seem, to ac-
count t'oi" her sftvnlilv irre^wlr!'.: !nnu>rhince a^ a
poi't.
l*cnsacola'> ]H»pu!ation is 25,305, but tliese fig-
JU)2
LKT'SJ no TO FLOKIDAI
ures won't stand long. Western Flnrida— IIk^
whole of it, frnm {}]>• P.i-.jido to the Apalachicola
— is entering into a new era of develnpnit-iit and
prosptjrity second in inipoHanrr to that of no
other seciiuu <'i' the state, and the n.'xt drcade
^vill witness a niarvolons indnstrial and aLrricul-
turai ad/ance of that rich territory ot" which Ks-
canihia County forms the west<'rnmost limit. As
a r*'>()rt f^r the sportsman, IN^n-acohi is to Ix^
Lcaruly reeummended. Flashing both in tlie deep
waters and in tho mnnr stroam== and havons is
a pleasure alwa;.- rtward-'d. OrtT arc still to
be found, as well as soni" tnrkry and many 'piail,
within a day's comfortable ran*:*' of the city.
The ^surrounding waters, open as w.ll as land-
locked. n^i-T fine opriortniiit !••< for sailimr and
motor-boatii _' ; an! bathing, either in tic irnlf
surf or in the quieter waters ot' the bays and
lagoon,-, is of the best, b'-rtunately, too, out- may
reach the beaches over tine concrete hiirh\va>s.
For the golfer there is the Pensacola ("oiintry
Club's eighteen-hole course at hand a:id a *d hole
layout at Valparaiso for a » haiigc A municipal
course is in construction.
The visitor whose tastes lin nlnncr ln==s stren-
uous lines will find Pensacola a > at !-fa<toiv place
to rest and enjoy a nii!'! \\'r.iu-v tilh'd with >iin-
shine. The hotel acconim h1;,i i-ns in the eity art-
good, while at Gulf View and Walton a!i 1 al a
number of near-by localities adequate ho-nliii >
-AIAIXLAXD FLORIDA . 183
ofTer onferfainment. The city hohls manv places
"^ iHteivst, both hi>torn.d and modern; the ohi
iorts-San Carlos, Heduubt, Pickens, .Abd^ae, Bar-
rancas-St. MichaoFs Femetery, S.-ville S<iuare
^^']^l ^^ho old huuse of wor>hip there, the Xaval
Air J^ramiiiLr Station on the site of the old Xavy
^ard, and others. :ylany l^eautiful drives are
pos.Mble over excellent roads.
The country about Pensacola, nnrtliwar.I and
eastward, is a line a-ricu]iur;d and horticultural
section, with iruod all-purpn>e and fruit-raisin-
sods, fitty-six inches cf rainlall and a irrowin^r
season of -10 days. Add ^, those features nat"
nral dramao-e and you have somethimr to bank
on. Besides ih,. „sual crops common to the n.orth-
^'y'^ ^''■^' "^' ^•"^■^i'i"^^ <'<»rn, cotton, oats and cane,
Jv-cambia and her nri-hbor.^ rai<e the Satsuma
^^^'^^^'-*: ^'' VrrU^rUou. Prrhap. the writer i. in
error m ca!!ii,Lr tic SatMinia an nran-c since it
has Immui lately irravely ,lrcid.Ml bv the powers
'"'"•"" :^'^^>' '^ i^ ^" KHard airain.t the marketing
'•^ iniripe cramros and -rapefniit that (^ran-es
;^/"'' <>i-ani:r< bm SatMnna^ ar,' ^nniethim: else.
'■^^''•■>' '^""'^ ^ay what else, hnwc-ver, so vou are
'^^ ^'^'^''^y ^'^ ^^' = ^'1^ "1' tH- Sat-ima as a jdum or
a watermelon or a ouince or anyihimr vou please.
<d" course the m.)rtlfNin<r fact i< tjia' "t!u> persvm
'^■'■'^'^'^ ^f''- }'ad ilicrctofore alwavs thou-ht a
^'^^^"^"'' '"'^ 'i-^'' i^- a Sat.nnia iruip-wL an
"I'an-c. l^ii-s,.^ on hi> ignorance!
1^4
LKT'!=^ on TO FLoKlDA!
The best of the FloriJa l>luclRrries come from
this section of the state, fno, and the pecan i-
another crop that seldom fail-. Sweet and Iri.-h
potatoes thrive, and so J" jnannr^ ami waitr-
melons and cantaloupes and a Iniiidr*'] otlar
things. These conditions extoiid all tli' way aloiiL^
the western part of the sfaft-, althnuLrh -oils vary
].'-ro and there. AV]i;!t doesn't \ary i- a tint' t^qiia-
I'l'' climate. Continno ;ilni:u^ o\-.'r the rnllini:; cdun-
Iry past DL-Funiak Sprim:- — thfru'.- a irood Ddiolo
golf course fhoro — \n Mariannn and tlio sponory
6h<>^v< little change. It's all Lrnod country, des-
tin-ii to far better thini:< than i' l.as yet kno\\-n.
Wc-tcrn P'lorida has played th»' role of ("inder-
ella until recently, but now the T^-inc.' i- lia-tcu-
ing to her, magic slipp'-'r in hand. S.'c what liap-
pened just last sumna'i- tn i^oci] oM Inn^rai'lty
Island, off Pensacola, that r- ndc7,\ ou^ in oldcu
N times of the jolly i-ir.alc- of th'- Spani-h Main.
> Sold, and to a handful of Xorilifini mlllinnairus:
; Arthur P>risbane, Pr. Alhcrt Shaw. Will Tf. Hay?,
/ Charles H. Christie and. Juhn II. I'.rr>. Wd],
perhaps they aren't all actually millionaire-, nor
all thev all NorlLL-rner^?, hut it malo'S a hotter
htorv to sav thev nm. An\-wav. li\<- fhir homes
will soon loom up on the i.sland. ar: d if that doc-ri't
disgruntle the ghost of old Jol i; !• a. aaiity he's
a hea]< better natured as a spirit tlian he wa< in
the flesh. The purchase (jf 'hi-, i.-Iand h\ the iren-
tlemf'n montioned isn't so mncfi in if^'clf, hut it
-MAIXLAXI) FIjiKIDA
185
sh'iw.- which
\^ay the millionaires hlow: and one
millionniro leads to another and heiore Pensacola
^'^^^ ^[^y '"'^"^Jn fiiiiHi-ai-ity" she will he all littered
up ^v^ll the thino:s. Of course millionaires aren't
what you miirht call p.roductive, hut their monev
is; and tliu main thinir is that Western Florid'i
has been discovered at la^t a< a proper place
l'>r a^ irentleman of wealtli and leisure to build
lii> winter home. Pensacola and Western Florida
^^';^''^ ^'•'^■'-' ^"•^^'' "^^^^'.^' ''thers follow tlie exami)le
of .Afessrs. ]^ri>hane, P.-rry, Shaw et al.
^ Marianna, well ah.n- on the road to the State
('apitah ha< a ])r.pulation ef just nver ?>J)m and
'"d'Hcit faith in lier future, ('onsiderinir that
she a<lde.l :)7(i pt-r>nns to her roster between 1920
'•"id IDiM, or an increase of 25 per cent why
^iM'uldn't she have faidi? Everv one ha< i't
'''"^'^"^ ^^'•■''''' ''' •'^^H'lvS'Hi County and Calhoun an.I
\\a<}iin-ton and all the others. JackMm Coun.ty
'las hoth Alahama and aeoriria a< neiirlihor^. and
with so niany t\)lks lo,,kin- on <he.'s iu<t -or to
J"'^^'P li-r^elt'. And she's dein- it. ' Afeet t^e 1
county that leads all the rest of the state in the j
l"''"^"<'^'"n of cotton, SatMunas-vou kia^w, tlawe *'
pbims that look like oranLre<-vorn, peanut, and
'^ ^-^ ^"-iv .fulT. And, especially, .hake liands
'^■'^'' ''"' ^•'^^" <d' Oracevllle, which in one recent
'''.''"■ ^''d'h-d 7,072 car< ..\- wat. lanelons an.I ,V>0
''[ '■•I'Mimher^, and Lriniied and >hipped n,00() ha^'S
of cottnn. ( Itlaa- town, ol' \jM)0 iuhahitants which
186
LET'S GU TU FI.oHlDA!
^
have equaled that record will iileasr raise llirir
hands! She's a great live-stock county, too, and
uuv that i- ivv<' I'rcni that infernal post, tlie cattle
liek. h'-»rt}' (*r lilt}- dollar- will -till \n\y an acre
of ^ixnl Jackson County soil, and ih" nionrv ni'mht
be puL lo a wor-u use. Alarianna i- a li\'c and
pro£rrn>=ive fo^vn — beg pardon, city — wrll paxa-d,
well liirLt'd a!.d well eh-vatrti. In tact, toLTcthrr
with several other commuidties, Marianna claims
to be the highest mani.ipality in the state. Ib-re
Andrew Jackson Lad hi^ hcadquarirrs dui-ing
the S.niinole campaigns and here tla- Batth' of
^larianna was fought in tla- Civil War. Near
L*-rf. too, are two natui-al wond^a-- wrll worth
Viewing. The Chipola hMv^r i> a^'onntable for
i both. One is the Natural Bridge that crossrs the
' stream liigh in air and tlip other i- tla- Xatnral
I'ridge Cave found viiere the i hipola i:*'\< tired
of fresh air and sunlight and tic in< ^---ant chat-
ty -r ol mockingbirds and dia k- <c!t <»f siLdit.
li Ivors have a way of doing thai in Idijnda. It 's
their natural modesty. Tin- rnvc' v< n v hoh' lot
like other caves of its kin<i. being liM'-i with ihe
usual stalactites and stala-ndtes, but it's a very
good example of that kind. Blue S|,ilng>, too,
aro w^rth a visit.
Apalachicola is a much smal]<f o]tv tlian Atari-
anna, having a population of 3,003 to Mc (other's
3,069. If they were closer loL^.th.r A[.ah'irhicoL'i
might have borrowed some sixty-six ot Mari
MALXLAXp 1-dj dMiJA
1^'
1
anjia's ciiizens for census purposes, but the way
is lonir and ruundaimut, and one doesn't take the
journey hy land widcait the most pressimr reason.
Say " Apalaehicdja " " an\wher.' witliin the con-
lines ol Ch)rida and }our la^arers instantly ])rick
up their <'ai's an<I >mih'. Soue'lime- their mouths
water. That's becau;5e the words doesn't mean
Apalachicola as mucli as it does ^'ovsters." The
Apalachicola o\-irr i- the blue point of the
South, and, while it i> a larger ;ind less rotund
delicacy, it is mo^t excellent. Ovsteriuir :Hid tish-
ing are the city's principal i::iln-M-ios ; almost the
only industries ii' ^\ e except linnh./rini: and the
entertainnaait ol' visitors; hut tle^y are 'piite suf-
iicieiit to maintain the citv in a thru ino: condition.
Steamers run from here to Pensacoln, St. An-
drew's l)a\- pnints and Can-abelle, vhile towns
up-river ma\- be reached hy waiei-.
Practieall\- niidwa}" h^iween Ter-acola and
eJackson\ iUr -tand> TaM.duissee, third a!:d pres-
ent capital cf the >tale ^iuce l^-4. The word
stands i> u--tM{ ad\"i>('dly, for a citv built upon
a hill cann.it he hid, a:;d Tallahassee i^ aU .'f
two hundred feet a!'o\e the h \ el ol' the (aulf, no
more than twenty mile^ distant. The capitol it-
self is of bihek, a prepos<;(>ssiTn_r --IrueMii'e in spite
of liax'inir been built h\ pire»nieal ovw a space
<»1 nau'e than eiLihis x.ai- The oriiriiial u'lit is
the central >lriieiure. !;.'rdi and soiidi w!!:_'-s ha\'-
ing bei'U added in l!'ii'J and en«?t and. we>r w in^rs
■W
n
188
LET^S GO TO FT/'L'TDA
in 1922. A more modern building houses the
Suin-.iiio Court and the Ti;iilrn;i,l Coniini-<ii)ii.
Not lar away is the Executive Mansion « rected
by the state in 1907 nri-i at proL-nt uccupicJ by
rinvornnr John A\\ Mai"ii:i. Tnllnlmssee i^ n
plea-ant, ra:};-'!' sleepy ol'l town <»!' (1.41.' })npula-
tion, so far not seriously tli-tiirbt'l b\ the rauinus
(TV of the realtor. Iland-oin^' oak> >lia*la its
streets and ijarks and manv uxanmlcs of anti-
hollnm nrrliifortnre survivo nmnnL'* tho liand-ome
residences. One of the best is the ('all mansion,
built in the oarl\' ijays of the last ceiitur}' by (Icn-
cral Ivichard iCrith Call, trrriioiaal LTovornor for
two tfrms. officer under General Jack-on and con-
structor nf the old St. Mark's Railroad, tlic third
tra-k bnib in the United States. Tliosc who re-
call a novel which had much xoirne some forty
yeai\> s^ince, *"Tlic Tallahassee (Jirl," ]>}■ Maurir,'
ThompsoTi, will find intorost in the fn("f that tic
lifToint' was supposed to haxa- lived in thi- hou-''.
At Tallahassee is the State Culle^e for AVonnn.
its c:T-ound> and buildini:s invitinir the \-i>itor's in-
>|)c('t i(jii.
The vifp nf thc' present city wa- hniLr used by
the lu'lians as a place of fcmpoi-ai-y \-illaLrfs, and
Talh'diassee is the name of the trilx' wliicli foi--
m*'rl\- foi-cirat lit'i'iMl there. The mcanlnir of the
word can bu only guessed at. "(dd Fiold" and
"Sun X'illage" are thc fax'orifc o-nesses. ridici-al
Jacl.;-nn. when he dro\a' tlic Tndian.s away, ncg-
MAIXLAXI) FLORIDA
1S9
)
lected to inquire mtu the matter. Some two miles
west of town j. Foi-I San Luis Hill, where the'
last stronghold of the Spanish in this i)art of
Florida stood until it was razed by the English
in 17i>4.
Not far from this spot is Rellevue Plantation,
for some years the residence of the Princess Mu-
rat, who was Catla-rine Willis, a grand-niece of
Georir.^ AVa.diington. After a first marriage of
tehort duration, she cann^ to Tallahassee to live
and met Vv'mco Xapolcii Achille Mnrat, son of
the Fin- (,f Xaplrs and (kiroline Bonaparte, sis-
ter of Xap.T'on. I'lnncc Achille had come to
Am.-rica following the Napoleonic exile and had
settled in Talhdiassee, becominir one of the lead-
ers of the ai'i-toeratic society of the early terri-
torial capital. The Prince's courtship w\as brief,
an<l Cath.'rine Gray, n.'c Willis, became the Prin-
cess Mr<!-at \\ithin a few short months of her ar-
ri\-al. The Pi'ince aTid his liride went to live
nt Lipona, the Murat phuitation b(dow the town.
After ti-av(Ts abroad, the Prince returned to this
country, studied ];iw aiul presently practiced it in
New Orleans in partnership with a countryman
^i;ini''d (b-uuiirr. Later, however, he was again
back in Tallahassee, where he died in 1S47. Tlie
T^'incess after lau- husband's death br^nefited by
<ni allowanci' made her by Fmperor Louis XV
p'»lcon, anr] niade one nr two visits to the Court
ot Franc.\ She nirvived her husband nineteen
\ ^
IJU
LET'S Uu Tu I'LuiUDAI
\ ta! -. passing away in 1866 at the ]>' 11. \ u.' Ii<»ine,
wliiLii she had purchased shortly aiitr ihu
Prince's death. The graves of the AI nat- are
{ ill the Episcopalian Cemetery and ar- (»i .j.'( t> of
interest to all visitors.
Below Tallahassee, on the St. .Ma^i^'< Iii\a'r, is
Belleair, now only a memory uf. the aii^lucraiic
irathering place it was in territorial *lny<. Mere
v\,re the summer residences of Tailaiia^see's haul
ton, and here Prince Murat induli:' 1 in many of
the amusing eccentricitie:^ iui vsLnii hu wa- ta-
mou^n Hospitality was bounteous and gayety
liik'd the pleasant, gracious days. Alilionirli fow
traces of the old mansions remain hereaitnut-, the
old spirit of hospitality still survives in thf * iiy,
together with a certain tiaiiquillit} tliat was
learned in the days when Tallahassee \Na< tlio
center of government, of culture and nf aristoc-
racy. Some, too, of the quaint customs are n^t
wholly lapsed. The city is a place of trinliMoh^,
although one must dwell in it awhile hciuic tiity
can be learned.
A fire which swept the town in ^'^\'\ -iurinir flio
incumbency of Mayor Eppes, a ^Tinfi- >n <>r
TL'jn.a-, Jefferson, obliterate' i ]<ra<;li<;ali\- all ila'
structures dating back to territorinl days. Unly
the capitol and the ancient Presbyt( i ian clinnli
building survive, and the latter is (!'H,ni< 1 A
\ more recent fire destroyed, in S(»|m' nilx r, 1 !«_.'),
an*/ her landmark, the old Lruu iiuUi in uhicli
^
AlAIXLAXD FLoIMDA
191
succeeding Ir-i.^lators were liuuiud lor nuiuy
yoai'i and in whose ruum.s more govornrnont was
transacfcl ijian in fho rapik)! itself. A n.-w and
cxptnisivr hosteli'v i. I'i.smg on the a>ln'< of th.-
(.1(1.
I'allahasxM' has L'uod roads for sliort trip^•
about the city and many intorostino: and lovely
scenes await the explorer. A liuraber of larire
])lantations atv still i.eing work.-d and the oak-
and moss liiddt'ii liomrs arc wurtli x-eini:. Sev-
eral lakes aru nestled in the surrotnidinir hills,
one, Lafayrtte, lyiTiir m th.' to\vii>}iip which, be-
^inninir in tho city itself an<I cxtendinir -ix miles
ea>t and north, was pr,'<ented hv tho Urdted
States ConuMVv. to General Lafayette in 1^24 in
Ki'atitude lor iUl' ]iart plavf^d h\- him in the War
of the Pfn-oliitioTi. Sinit least of tlie citv, sixteen
milr> away on tho Si. Mark*- Ri\rr — above it, to
bo moro coiTcct — is another natui-al hihdire, and
Ic'ro tic >tati' ha^ set ni' a monunion' la honor
<>1 tho old mon and hoardh^ss b(n-s who m.-t the
1 nion forces on the vpu' dnrinir tlic Civil War
and >a\cd tic capital l'vn\\\ capture. Tlu^ old
cai-t hwoi'ks arc still to he made otil and, several
tahlet> <ct up hy paM'iotic Societies tell the stoi-y
op fliaf W'Alr hatlh' h> \vh\rh Tallaln-K-ce won the
di^tincliou of 1). iim- iho only state capital iii the
South to \\\ !!,.> :1a,; uf t he Confederac\ all tlirouirh
the >! ruL''Lrle.
The famoia^ Si. Mark's K'aihoad. ah'cad.v re-
I
192
LLT^ GO TO FLchMnA!
/
f erred to, is still doing bUiiiiL';5i, now a part oi
the Seaboard System. In the old day? 'lallalia?-
see was one of the wmld's great cotton ct nitrs,
and St. Mark's, on the gulf, was a iiotabK' \un-\.
Who can say that its glory ha- d* partid forivi r,
though? It would be a ra^-^ii piLmisu.
Wakulla Springs deservp^ a visit if timo per-
mits. It is some fifteen rnil.'s south ot' town, set
in a fine growth <•!' L^-ay hfar-h'tl oaks and riiair-
nolias about which the flaming truinptt xinc an(l
pale golden jasmine twine and chinilicr. Tho
water of the springs is of ^vnTid.ilnl ( larity and
flows from an aperture nearl\ a liundrfd j'.ct be-
low the surface. Xo* far awa\' h»'irins thr swamp
countrv which extends mo-t of tho wav to the
gulf and is threaded by vaiiou- -mall strfams.
Or so it was in tho wriN'r'< oarlha* da\'s whon
the famous ^'Wakulia \'olca!!o" wa- -iiuatrd in
the heart of the impenetrable jungle tlarc d^)-
day, probably, no one believes in the •'\()l('ano/'
but there was a time whon its smola was always
discernible against the ha/,}- Idu.- -ky and wIk'ti
the credulous — of 'a]i!<']i t^i.- wiat.-r was, tliank
Heaven, one — C'o!i:l. hy t!i.' ox.rtinn of an eager
imagination, -nn.'! ^ht- hrim.-acniL' I What ac-
counted for the col limn of ^moke is ^tlll a mys-
tery. Some person^ h-li. ■'.•■<! it only -toam i'l'om
a boiling spring — althonLdi i.u <>' Ik i- fj^ilintr spring
was known to exist thereahcaits — an<l otlni- at-
tributed it to the fires of nu ![; dian \illat:<'. The
MAIXLAXD FLuIUUA . 193
latter explanat i.ni >.Main-d tlir Letter, for Indians
nevei- lot ilaai' lir.-s ont aiid the smoke was al- -•
ways visible trum some point. And being then
at a romanfie aire, the writer proferred the
Indian tire version to fli.' liot-spring variation.
Bat ho liked tlie '-voleano" explanation \n->i uf
all!
Going east from Tallahassee tlio n-aveler find^
a fine 71CW road whicli tako< Idm llironirh Mon/d^
cello, Madixni and Livo ( >ak,and iVom there either
onwar<l to Lako City or sonthwai'd to Bi-aiiford
and tho Wrst Coast. :\lonticelIu, of ahont i:,UUU
inliahitants, i< the county seat <d' J.-tTerson
rounty. So far a< any ono kiiows to tlie eontrarv, / /
^fontieello has always liad "ahont two tlanisand" / /
]»opnlati()n. It i- one of tliose town- all tlio h^t-
tor for stayimr jnst a< it i<. If Montierlh) ]ia<
o\"oi- had a "hoMin" tho writor ha< nrv.^r hoard
^^i ii- 1' it has rvrv di'-lm] a hooni tho wvhrv
is snrpriMMh More. Jir i< inerodnhni-. But, oi
*'*"J'"^<'' lliat two thon-aiid dorvM't iia-hide tlio
numhcr of wintor \ isitors who luive he^Mi rotnrTi-
niL" to Montieollo for so many \-ra!'-, r. tiii-uing in
a somewhat srci-rt fa-hion in. oT'drr that too ip.ai'v
otlu'rs Won't surprise thom (huT!i^^ it ;ind, ''a- tn
"'*'>^^ iiid' Thos,' wiutor rovidcnls ^!Iow a
mai'ked prodix ity to aet on th.o a'!\uee of the o.t,]
sa\unLr. "It" xou ha\t> a i:^^^)'] iliin^. k.'op i^ to
y""i""''H"." 'Hint, indo-d, i- \\''al at lea<^ two
i;roup< ..f a>>Mriat«'- not ela^^al''e a> winter resi-
IIU
LET^S G') TO FLioKinA!
•dents ;ire doing. One is the }^ririi;i] P. ran Orovos
\/ Company whose holdii.L^^ east of town comprise
/ ^uII^J ul the best pecan gru\L':: in a county where
' the irrowing of that particular k!n<i ol' nut has
been going on for tliii'ly \ car- or nioi'f. This en-
terprise is of the nature of a rlox' corporation,
■ its stockholders beinu intinlMis ot' the various
railwa\' ijrotherhoods. if vuu want tu pui'chaso
land from the Mutual roTnpaT]y ynn'vo ir,,t to 1)0
recommended and vouched tor l.y >onie fortunate
fellow already in. Then norlw.-t ot" town lie
the preserves of an association of hinir h*'a(l(Ml
and far-seeing sportsmen. There, borderiiiLT Lake
Miccosukee, one of the state's biggest htkI fairest
bodies of water, they control nian\- acres of ex-
cellent hunting ground, and here they (onirr* irate
each winter and shoot l-irJ- aiiJ duck- and ti>ii.
That is, they don't shoot the fish, of r»oiirse. They
shoot birds and ducks, and tla n ji^h Or they
fish first and then — but never mi fid. W hat is he-
ini: got at is that they, too, ha\ in^,^ a good thing,
are keeping it to themselves.
Pecan culture isn't the m\\v form of airri(ul-
ture pertaining to Jefferson (onnty. .dihouLdi it
is one of the most successful. 1 !e l^<hh1 iimI soil
in Htill underfoot, and it raises i'- lint.uIiriL'' crops
iicre as elsewLeic along the jioi lh( rn horihr. ( )iic
industry in especial deserves mentictr]. hi Monti-
cello is a warehouse from which is diipprd ck h
year 82 per cent of the world's < nmrm i . i.d \' atn
Helon seed crop. The number ui .scuds i.^ nut
i
:MAI\LA\I» FLnKIDA
19.J
\
known to tli^ writer, hut their comhined weight j
is scarcely sln^rt of live hundred tons. ^
Madison, conntv seat of Madison Cou^itv,
comes next, an<l then Live Oak. .Just short of
Live Oak the Suwannt-e I\iver, famous in soiii: an<i
story, is crossed. It i.^ nut an especially beautiful
stream just here, howpver. perhaps because it
has been discovered too dose to it- source in the
Okefenokee Swani]). Live Oak is a busy ])lace of
nearly .'>,()(»() iiihahitan^< aiid a railway "six
})()ints.'' Here the locomotives of sevei'al linos
contrreirato and liavo a rare irood time Mowing^
their screechy whi>tles. However, Madison has \
more than railA\ays to recomm-'nd, it. foi- it i- tlie i
conntv seat (»!' Siiw-anneo Countv and a ii\"e and
I)ros])er()ns }'ounir city. The £:on<] road continues
on to Laki' City, a pre'ty town^ of 4."_'7'> ]n^pnla-
tion tliromrh wliich a lai'::*' r.nmlicr (>f the south-
bound \isitors to tilt' >tate pass. Sometimes t!:* y
stop in pa><in.ir, huwever, a habit the city is d,oi!.i:
its be^t to eiicouT'ace. WlitMi fliev do they t^^ld
good accommodat ion< a^ ti) lod--iii'_'< a'.d ;n'e told
how the city ha-> jumiMM! fni'war.l since the new
|)a\('d road to Jack v« eixiM,. h^^s been completed.
Lake Lit\' is att ract i\ civ located and wt^l! naiiUMl,
and on the whole ii answer- very W'll a- th.e
straiiLTci-'s ill's! jMO't of call in Florida. Fiom
thei'e the niotoii-t can turn east, west, c- <oiit^i,
or, and thi.-. n^ heartily recommended hv t^^e
bustliiiL'' citizens (^f tlie community, be ca!i s*ay
just w here lie i>.
CHAPTER XV
D0^\■^: jill VsL<r lua.^t
Passing Iinineo and Jiillotto, adjaooiit <vnlc-
ments on the highway in M.iriuii Loniity, tho
traveler by cnr roaches Duneiloii, n fa\ niit. \\ in-
ter resort for many fleeing the snow an.! ici}
of the Xorthland. Altlioiiu'-li iM^a^tiTiLr a< v.t but
eleven hundred inhabiiaiit-. Dun. !l,.!i i< makinLT
the erndo steadily. "Ry the time \]ii< \< b.ini^-
peru;>eJ that eleven hun.^i rod mav ]).■ tuo tlion.-aiid.
Tliat sort of thing is happening fre-inmtlx tla'se
'\:\y<. and perhaps it will be well to . xplain that
n;! nnpulation figures eivoTi hire are tho.se ol the
li*-0 State census, and that tho wrifnr i? Tint re-
sponsible fnr nnythinL- hapjirninL: subse-pifntlv.
This is slipped in to fnr. -tall thr protests ul' in
dignant Cliambers of Cornnirreo.
The Withlacoochee liiver iluws past Diin.'lh)ii,
aii.h presently turning southon^f. fonrn a pocket
fnr two attractive lakes, Apopka and [\ana:<...f
kee. Apopka appears to be a \iivnv\\r nam.' t'nr
lakes in Florida; just as Mai-i is for streets back^
iMH-h. This p.arlieiilar Apopka i^ in rifmlS"
Couiity, but it bn^ n bio" ]ir."»tb'~'r <om<' tliirty miles
westward in Lak.' (;ountv. For a]| tho "writer
knows there are others of the Apopka family
. 196
DOWX THE AVEST COAST
19'
sprinkh'd about. Of r-onrse tliere are so many
lakes in Lloiida that it is doubtless extremely
<litlieult to lin.l a fiiiforeut name for each. In-
verness and hloral (.'it}' -it elo^u to the lake
shores, and tiien eomcs Hi-ooksvillo. n homelike
phaee of ju>t over IJtio folk> in the rollimr hills
of Hernando Count v. It is a beaiitifid coimtrv
Icreabouts, a hit of the Iliirhlands of the centT-al
I'idiro of the >tate wandering towai'd the irulf.
l-'orest-elad hills, sparklinir streams and (piiet
lakes east their -pioll on the visitor. Bi'ooksvillo
slumbered hwiL'" b.-t'oi'e railroads and t i'aversa])le
hiiz:}iways discovei'od her to the rest of the world;
slumbered and dreamed, too, and nriw h<'r dreams
aro rominu- trii.-. You'll like Brooks\-ille, wlio-
ever xou are, for the <piiet beauty of her. The
quiet Won't la>t a irreat while lonirer, ])er]]a])s,
but it is to be hoped that the beauty will n^main.
Hernando's soil is extremely u:ood and raises to
porfeetion amonir othei* thinirs the tanirei'in^^
(»rani:e. (It is hop>ed that it i^ ])roper to call tho
taiiL'-erine an oranire, althouirh it has all tin' char-
acteristics of the Satsuma.) The tanirerine you
will tind in Bronksville will upset your previous
ideas of thi' fruit. It may eventually be even liner
than it is now, for ovei- in Annutalaiza Hammock,
a few miles out of to\v?i. Or. Harvey W. Wiley,
he wlio lias so carefully h)oked after our healtli
fboso many years, is conductinc: experiment^ with
the variety that lends its name to the grove, "Tan- 1
I
I >
I! ^
\i !
|i !
198
T.KT'S (;<) TO FLoIxMDA!
? ?
f
<
o:oria." liernaiido Count} ali^.i'l) li;i> iiia<It' a re-
markable start in the dair\iM'_: ludusti'} an<i sov-
cral tine herds of iniicli raitlr (■!■(•{> ii> liill-i<lt'S.
l>fi''»re leavin.ir r)]'()oks\'int' niciit ion .should Ix'
madr ni Wcrkiwachee bpniig. Watfr untaiiitt'd
}»v -alt, sTiliihnr nr somo othor iitTt'fctly Lfood lail
not *'>pri'i;ill\' jialatable cln'niical i- r^ot always
easy to tinii along tlif Florida coasts, l>ut P)r()()ks-
vilh' lia> it in |)lrniy. Wrdd wacli./f S])rinLr Hows
U4,UUU,UUU gallons a day irum a naMiral spigot a
liundrr'd arid thirH- feet holnw irround.
Somt' t'lLrht miles south ot' l*rook>vlllt' alrinc:
Hiirliway Xo. 5 has \u-rn staia^Mi an interest inii:
ex])erimt'nt in colonizat iom Ilei-c around a little
settlement nam«'il Masarvcktuwn in honor e.t' tlie
Czecho Slo\-akia!i Pre-idont, twenty tlanisand
acres ot' land in Hernan<lo an-1 I'a-eo Counties
ha\'t' Imtii ])Hrel:a-'-d hy a LM'onj) of liis com-
patriots, which are hieing dix'ided into small farms
for the n^p of Czecho-S5]ovakians desirin-j: to
escape t'roin the niin'-^ atid I'aetories in ^vhicli so
many are confined. The laiid i< to he sold with-
out p'l-Mti* on eas\- ])a}'ments and for the most ])art
will lie duVuLed to the growing of grapes. Four
hundred nrro^ are alreadv planted in \incs. Tlip
uiKiertakinL^ L'ives f'V.-ry ]»resent promise of
success.
Southw*-t of Brooksville, over a irood Inird
roaih i- Hade City, county seal of Fa-eo County,
and, like the proviou- place, pcrclied (Ci the pli^as-
UOWX THE WEST COAST 199
ant hills. Dade City is a gooddooking, self-re-
specting community with comfortal)lc homes, ex-
cellent bnildinirs and all the requirements for*a
rapid and .Mihstaiitial growth into a city of im-
])ortance.
Strikino: westward, the F)ixie Highway is re-
gained at Hudson and the gulf shore is followed
past Port Kichey, a growim^ resort of manv at-
y^<^^'^'^^^^^>^ to Tarpon Springs in Pinellas Conntv.
Tarpon Sprinirs— " the Venice of America" in lo-
cal phrase,)h,i:y— li,.s between the i^ulf, the charm-
ua: Anclote KMv.t and Lake Butler. Not ordy is
It fairly surrounded l.y water— it claims fifty mdes
ot water front- hut it is also inyaded by it. The
ornamental bayou that lies in the heart of the
older residential section is a feature many cities
may wrll envy. On the whole, the poetic appella-
tion of "America's Venice" is qnite deserved,
larpion Spianirs has a iiopulation of 2,685 and is.
on the way to doubh^ that number in a short space.
'^ /'^■^'lid'aved city, with wide streets, modern
buiMinirs an.l all the up-to-date advantages sought
hy pi-oirres>ive communities. A place of fine
Inmn's, too, and fair gardens. The citv is sup-
plied with water from Lake Butler bV a new
waterworks plant and is well sewered.' It also
honsts an exeelh-nt eighteen-hole golf course,
bathinirand fi.diin- pirrs that extend into the irnlf
on one side and into Lake Butler on the other and
good hotels. As a resort city Tarpon S|.rin-s is
200
LET'S (}() TO FLORIDA:
I
i
»
I; i
i
Iff
)i
already wt-ll aii<i fa\-oraMy known, but slu' is still
only at thf bt'iriniiinu: of la-r faiiu'.
It was la'Ff that tlu' masti-r landscape artist,
Geurict* Lint'>s, lix'ril and y)aint»Ml for so many
years. And here his sun, Gt'orgu Inness, Junior,
still rt'sidt's.
To mt'ntiur, Tarpon Sprinirs wdthout mentionini^
the S})onidnir industry would be like alludln.t^ to
Detroit and sayinir nothini,' of automobiles. For
sponginir is tlu- city's biiTL^cst cntfrjjrise. The
visitor will, of ('r)urst', takt- the road to ^'Little
Athens," down by the shore wdiere the Greek
s|)omj:ers live, witlmut beinir told, sinee the inter-
est and pictures<}ut'ness of that (piaint liamlet are
well known. The industry starte<l on this side
of the world many years airo at Key West. To-
^day Florida >ends forth rd»out 00 per cent of the
worM's suiiply of this necessary articl(\ Apa-
lachicola and then St. Mai'k's had their iViUii: at
s[)onirinir back in 1^70, and then the best reefs
were di>cC)\'t'rod about the IMnollas Gounty shore
and a srith-nn'rit ^pt-edily s])runtr up there. Now
Tar[)on SprinL''> ha.- succeede(l Key A\ est as the
c<juntry'.- >pnnge market. The Tarj)on Springs
fishery are (;reeks and they broutdit with them a
surer know b'fji^f (^f tho art of dftaching thi' shy
zoophyte from lii- r«i<-ky home than was ])ossesse(l
by the F)ahamai.- at K.-y W^-t. Thr "Gonchs"
depended on the water Lda-< to Incatc the ])rey
arid on lohi: jioles terminatinir in hooks to bring
DOWN THE WEST GOAST
201
it up, and since the sponge contrarily insists on
growing in water not onlv thirtv and fortv feet
dee]-) ])ut a hundred and a hundred and seventy-
iive and e\-i'n more, their purlieu was extremely
limited. Their thirty-foot poles were too short
to reap the richer harvest of finer sponges grow-
ing at the greater depths. The newcomers, the
divers from the Mediterranean, didn't "hook";
they went down for wdiat they wanted, picked it
from the reef and sent it up in rope baskets to
the (hn^k of their (jueer lateen-rigtred, gaudily
I)ainted ])oats. However, leirislation was passed
to ])rotect the "Gonehs,'' and diving was prohib-
itiMl within all waters of the state on the assump-
tion that the divers trampled and destroyed the
])aby s})onges while gathering the grown-ups!
Gonsequently the Key West spongini^ business
was saved and the Greek fishers are obliged to
|)ly tludr trade beyond the tliree-mile limit; which
disgruntles the Tar])on Spring tleet not a whit,
since with modern diviuir apparatus, they can
descend to depths of a hundred and stwenty five
feet and irot tlie fuier i^rades of "glove" and
"snudl wool." Let those who ar(^ satisfied with
the small pickiinrs (hd)ble about in the shallows!
A crew of a Tarpon Spriui^s s])onger consists
of from four to six men besidt's tin* master, and
they work on shares. ()ne bv one the divers get
into helmet and .vuit, the ;ur pump is manned and
they go over the side. According to the depth
I
\
202
LET'?; no TO flohida:
/
^vnrknr"! at, the rlivnr r»'iiiain> dnwn from fivo to
teu minutes. W'lifU Im' roiur- up aiioihrr takes
lii> {tiace. Tl;*' Tarpon Spriiiirs fieet (M)ii>i>ts of
^f liuarl}' a uuiidrcJ aiiJ lii'i}' xTouiiur:?, muslly sup-
^ plied With anxilinry power. These nro tlio parent
]»oat<. aii'l out t,, ti;,. rt-efs \vitli tlirin Lr<» a inulti-
tii<l*' nf >ni;il!fi- ci-at't, four, ti\-r and >ix to a
y schooner, each hax-'nii: it> -piota oi' -killed divers.
Swa>" df«kt d, latrt'ii-rigged, built as tlirir kind
wero huill and riueod in the far-off (hiys of
Christ's presence on oartli, onl\' tie' iiutlinir of a
gasoline motor or tie' prt-sfiice of an air-pump
hosi(h' a *;itTrail >iio\vs tho^c litllt' hoats to he
niodcrn. d'h^'V arr L'aiidil\' paintfil crat't ; yellow
y and hluo and r^fl and oraniTf and whilo; and eaeli
/ hear- its nane' in iii'oek cliaracter.- on how and
stern. One such "(eatlit" mean< tie' outla\' <»f
cuii:;iderable muue}', hut tlie rewards are conmiou-
snrate.
The sponges p'o from seliooners to waicr-pons
f fnr the soaking stage, hla^'ki-li, rubber liko masses
of all sizes and shapes fmrn tlif tin\- "-ilk" to the
biggest *Tuggerhead," the hiUer luukinir like a
round lifn-p-,r'"-ervrT arid -om-'^'timr'- four foet in
diarn''nr. hi:;;d!y ti.fy are ea^^■d to tie* Sponire
K\<-}.arige, a biLT bu"i<-k biilldi.'iLr -uri'oundlnLT a wide
concrete conrtvard m uheli tk.' buNcr- etuiirre-
gate, lii Vj^-^ about nine nillheei sT)OTiirey went
throuirh the Exchange, passing to ike po<-e^^ion
of the various companies whicb miin ein k- ad
Db)WX THE WEST COAST
203
'jnarfors in lie' town. Tlie valtie of these was
<■!'»>•' to oie' million dollai's in tbe I'aw staire, sev-
eral time- that when ready for the retail trade.
At present there are upwards of a tlnnisand
members of the Oreok colony at Tarpon Springs.
d }h'>- speak their own lanirnage and keep to their
own customs, yieldimr to AjTierieainzation but
slowly. Yet they have built homes, many of them,
invested in local entei-prises and are good citizens.
They maintain their own schools and churches,
ha\-t' thfii' own theater and support their own
stoi'es and coffee houses. They are deeply re-
ligious, and combiiu' joy and devoutness on tlie
occasions of their sevei'al cliurch festivals in a
manner that i< at once naive and admirable.
''(Ji'eek ( "rr)ss Day,'' as the other citizens of Tar-
])on Spi'iiii^s call it, or the Feast of tlie Epiphany,
as il is known to tla^ Greeks, falls on January 6th.
Tt commemorates the ba})tism of Clirist and is
goi-ireou-ly celebrate.] by the return to port of
the entii'e tieet of boats frcnn whose rigijrinir tlv
the Creek and American tlairs an<l all the other
buntinir obtainable. The Greek villaire o\^ St.
Mehola< is festooned from end to end and the
<h'eoi-atiou< continue all the way into the town
and about the baxou where, viewed bv a thron^r
oi several thousand sjiectators, manv of whom
have jouT-m-yed far for the (n-casion, the waters
are ble<vfd by the (ii'eek Patriarch, a symbolic
white do\e i> feleased and a gold cross is cast into
f
204
LET'S (lO TO FLOTMDA
/the bay(M]'< clrar (I'-pths to ho dixtMl for by a
ilozi-i
1 or more
slim,
rai
-lit,l
u'on/.r sKiinitM
1 la<l:
.' The festival is iniprr-si\-.' aiwl iiiterestiiiix and,
I abovr all, cnlorful. After the puhlic (MTfinony
I the Gr»'ek> march to their chureh and the festival
continues throuixliout the day with relii^doiis de-
votions.
Clearwater lies some fifteen miles sontli of Tar-
pon Springs, a thri\'inLr, st»'ad
ilv inereasinLT com
mu
nity e)f 5,00<». It i< one of P'loridaVs most \)()\)u
I'ciT resorts
HielU'll
II i""
Hel
1
eair, draws eacn
h
ve
ar a larL'^* number of \-isitors to it< handsome
home- ani] spUuidid hotel
Th
C 1 1 \' 1 :
Wt
"11
r
)iae»M
re
a ridi'e ovt^rlookin.Lr a hroad arm of
the sea known as Hearwater ]^a\' and a line of
narrow k'-v-« h.-vorid with which communication is
0J>'
fn
1
ri< LT*
1^'
:ini
cau<cwa\'
{']
earwaler i< a
.}.
h U 1 .
We]
a I
clea
nL-"
h'okiu'^ eil\', n(jtah]e for tine husin
esrf
•IVi
•hp<
f]
y and residences
A\'ide sti-eets, '
['a\''<l aini nicel>' -liad-'d. make siirht seeii
nr
1
Ik
re
CO
Ti r
ill
\Vn (•
t' W
■11 !■
<nown
i^>el
eair tro
irlitcfii hole l;i\-oi]t
an(
If
I
.(.-re
.oo,
i.> the (i,.'>uO-va rd c(mr><' of the Country
[}■>. Fishing'
pvcel!<"it, and tar-pon hite no-
v»
licre an'.' better tiian in the warm waters alont:;
th<Miear hv }\eV8. Ch'arw\'P
I
da' e
O
.1
orn«
}
u 1 1 d ' • r
• ■!■ i- a nio-t appealini^
ono i,\' the dfj/en or
sc; NeAus in w
hich. if tle-re uer-e a do/.efi ol" so o
f
}
I'.Hi
t h<' wr'C'f woiiM -!] rt
I
I Vc
0\rr" on
CI
ear
wa
t'-r l.-land i- ori'' cd" the hc-t heaches of tin
DUWX THE WEST COAST
205
West C
oa:
d f
( )
])atl
im
and farther dow
n,
JIaven ]^)each. (deai'water is the winter home of
a small hut doubtless select literary colony which
includ(\s Mr. (Jeorcre Ade, Mr. Sewell Ford, Mr.
Clarence Buddinirton Kelland and otliers whose
names are familiar to the readers of
our
best
.b
om some obscure motive,
literature. This fact, fr
is frequently mentioned by Clearwater's Cham-
ber of Commerce.
Some twenty miles farther soutli. at the tip end
e:s a earn St
of the Pinellas Ptuiinsula, tall buildiii
the bhu^ skv iid'orm the motorist that he is about
to reacdi "Th(> Sunshine Citv.
H
owever, it
e
lias l)een readintr the siirns alons: tlie road for th
past hour or so he has already had an inklini: of
liis fate. St. Pcterslninr is one of the "bii^ towns"
of the stat(\ with a ])opulation of l!(kS47, of which
12,(11(1 Were added in the five years ludween 1920
and 192,"). A younu: city, St. Pete, but a lusty one.
It set out with malice aforetlnniirlit to make itself
a winter res(U't city ])ar t^xcidlence, and so it has
no c)}n: but itself to l>lame i'ov what has ha]^pened.
Take it in January, and tlie sidewalks are so
IhronirtM] with ])ersons milliiii:: around, the str
so crowded with automobiles scrapliiLr bumpers
and mudicuai'ds and the parks anil playirrounds so
filled with chiKlren — from (Uie to eii:}ity — that a
stranirer fi'om some (paiet phe-e like l^h/icairo,
Philadelphia oi' N'ew N'ork t'eels i'onfu^ed ar^d
ner\'ous. The hotels, of which there are alreadv
eeis
I
2n6
LET'S GO TO FT.OKIPA
enough to serve tlirrf cr four cities, villi now ones
alwax's in i^rocoss of l>uii<iiiiir, aro crowdt'd, too.
AiiJ .--o, it bcciiib, art' all tla' Mi: and ill tic and
medium -i=izprl honsp^ and luniiraldws an<l Ituuga-
lettes lafini: tlio Bay in haiiudity irrandour or
nestlinir inul.-r thvdr vines and caniplior tr^.-s over
BuLd Cfiga way. Yes, sii\ St. Potersburir ct-
tainly wont and ddd it, and ^lio onirlit to be salis-
lied it what sla' wa< al'trr was a t'ull lionsp.
St. Peter-l'urir talk< olimatf a lot, and maybe
she has a riirht tn. Srt tlnwn on the tip end of
Pinellas County's toinrn*', sla-'s lionnd to wair.
Certain i^ i^ that, with wat^r on three sides of
]a-r, she oan fairly lay claim to ideal winter con-
ditions, since sun-hinc and ])roximity to irnlf
waters and hay- ar*- what allow West Coast re-
sorts to assume a certain snirgestion of arr<tL^ance
when the snhject ot' climate is mentioned. St.
Petersburg's avcraiT'' na-an t*'ni|»'-rat ure fi'om
November to April i- fi»».d d-'L^rees, and tin- a\''r-
age monthly raiiifail fnv tie- -am'- p'-riod i- ^2..>'1
inches. So, you see, the Sunshine City is a place
for j'.'irasols and not o-nhr-^ho^;.
T/.' '.vinter pnpulanon of tla- city i- somr'whero
aron.nd ninet;/ th'ai-and. Vou lia\-<' t(> sort of
guess at this, for St. I'.-t.-r-lMiri' \i-itnr< cnme an<I
^o to make room t"or others and it's (riHiciilt to
count them. I'n^ ninety tlion-and'- a mn^crvat ivo
estimate. T!.- city 'dT.T^ at.<eit ex .a-x tlilnL^ pos-
sible for the an]U.''-;n(nt (d' h-r guo^t-, fi-<)in
DOWN THE AYEST COAST
o
2U^
cliccker-' and horseshoes and roque in picturesque,
moss-drapt-d Wdlliani- Park, and sand l)Oxes on
the Mole, to gulf un her three courses, tar|)on
fishing in near-by waters or yacht inir on the
smor.tli stretches of h^r manv liavs. Tlie Yacht
Cliih has a fine clnhlaiuse and a memhership of
six hiuMlrt'd. St. I'otersburg is the ideal play city,
hut, ju:5t to ^how that she has her serious side, let
it be said tliat slic has a million and a half in-
vested in x'hool iri-onnd< and huildinirs, a host of
beautiful chui-ch e(liiices, municipal and commer-
cial huildinLTs worthv of anv dtv in the Union,
• • •
excellent shoijs and a tine svstem of houlevards
and stroofs tliroudiout her twenty-scven S(}uaro
mih's ot' territorw If vou want to ]dav or merelv
rest and li>trn to the hand play, St. P.'t<'rsh)urir
\\ ill Welcome you. If you want to in.ve>t or huild
a home youi' wtlconii' will Itr still warmer.
I'h-oHi St. h.'trr>hni'L: to Tampa tlie wav lies
ovei" tilt' rcc.'iillx' conqileted (Jan.dy l-^Tudire, this
ritiiic eliniinal iiiLT ahout twenty four miles o( the
former ^.li^tance hrtwi'en the two cities. Mr.
Ooor<r(^ S. Oand}' is one ()( the Miracle AYorkers
of I'doi'ida. ono (^[ the \ision auihdiO coterie which
inchidrs I'dai^ler and Thnil, Fisher ar.d Merrick
and l)a\ is. (dand.y looked acro-^s ( ^!d dkimpa Hay
and dreamnl of a -^i\ niih> caustn\-a\' and bridLre.
Then !i-' \\> lit ;ihoad and l-uill it. Not N\-it!iout
Hie
nl! les, SI I
I (
w
oMi.T- cccdd
<or
!ns \!^u>U
a
ho saw il, and no! vii::\'i[ a\\a\. l\vent\" vears
20^
^1
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
olapsrd lirtwor-n (Irr'am ar.r] aotualify. "Rnt it's
<luT.»' a: la.-t. a straiirhl ovcr-watrr liiirliway from
Hil!>l>..rui;-h County to riiM'lla-. from tli.' oiit-
skir*> (>!' T:iT]i|.;i to i!;r t':i\-iroii< of St. IN'tors-
biiFLT. a ruule bringing the aiitomohilo riinTiiTi2r
tim.f between the cities down t'r<>m two aii'l a half
hours to about one. S*. PetersburLr aiKl lur larirtr
sister across the bay are gL'tting btttur a('(j[uainted
evufv Jav.
Tampa is built on the site of old Fort Brooks
of S.-minole AVar -lays and la'r -••itl.'mt'nt <lates
back to 1823 when four comjiara.-- of tlic Lnitcd
States Army from Pensacola, under conimand of
Colonel Brooke and Lieutenant Oa.l^d.n, landod
is no^v Gad-d*'ri T*oint and, mai'cliim
a^ w].a^
1 1
\
along: the peninsula, e.-*aMi-!a d a ptrmanont lo
f"r'irication beyond th»- HilNl)oronLdi \V\wy in tlio
jor-ali+y at present known a< "Tfa' f'iarrison." Tt
\ b'-'-arnc' an in^-orporatcd oj^v in \
'■'.).
r
/
TIh' namo
of T;irn[ja was taken from an Li'lian st-ttlcmoiit
*whicK o<T-]yH<.<] a ^ite close to !}]•• f.ld fort and is
b*.-In-\*-d to rrj;an "Split \\'(>(jd for (^)iili'k Firt's."
'J'arn[»a ua- originally in Benton r'onnt\' and later
ir: A'af'hua. In those days a I'\!orida rounty was
a piece of land! Two of- \y.v<^- nj' ilj.-rn included
most of the peninsula. Making nou <oiiniirs is
evi.i. to this day one of the princiftal ii, door ^f)ort^
of the Legislature, and just as fa>t as a new map
is published a county is split Into tuo oi- moic
DOWX TTIF WEST (OAST
209
parts and the map ma"ker fears liis hair and starts
to work airain. Wlictlicr there is at presnit a map
of Florida sliowini: thr new count it-s .'Volvf'<l in
192') is doubtful. Tampa tinally found ln*rst-lf
in llillsborouLrh Oounty, and tln-re. altlnnnrh the
eastern part of said county lias since l)»_'t:'n sliced
off and called Pinellas, she still resides.
Tampa may bo said to have come to life when
Henry B. Plant bought the South Florida Rail-
road and ])uslied it to the eulf in. 1^'^4. He fol-
lowed that bv buildiuir the Tannni Bav Hotel and
])lacing it in a line |)ark oi tropical trees and
shrubs alonu: the IIillsbor»uii:h Kiver and across
from the city proper. Hotel and ])ark came into
the limeliirht duriin^ tlio War with Spain, wlioii
Tampa became tho port (tf emh'arkati«ni for south-
ern troops bound ('uba-waT'«l an.d Theodore Ro<^se-
velt's fauKuis iuunrh Kiders foia'Lrathercd, in^ tho
hostr'li-y and Kiehard llardini: na\'i<, lovable ro-
mancer <•!' that rtunantie time, po<r.| t'^u' h.i> pic-
ture airaiiist a baekiria^un.d k:^^ Mih>rls!i architec-
ture gone a litth' bit mad. Sonn h^ow, tliat row
with our nciirhbor on tlio <outh seems to luive
gi\'en a (h'cidod fiilij* to Ta!n]Xi*< deviopnieiu.
She started rii^dit out after th.e S]ia!:i-h War was
o\'er and irrew and kept on gi'ow in:g. A:i'-1 !i'^w
look at hn* !
A !)ie- citx Ixtth a^ I'eirai^N ai-ea and popnhition;
at h'ast, biLT a- LloiiJ.a cilies ^^"i. Still second to
Jacksonville a> fat' a> the countini^ of !!0>es Is
i
lMi)
LET'^ no TO ]'!.< >i:iI).V!
• •':..' rned, but ahead of the East Coasi metropo-
lis in rnnny other ^vnvc:. fT^.. last con^ii^ irives
JarkM)iiviile 95,450, TainiNi 'Jl.7i:";.) WiiJiin iln^
I'^i-t :'.'W years 'r;iiiiya La- made ^allaiil -tridcs
lorwa!',]. Slie has adopted the cumiiii.s.-iun-maii-
air.T lurin ui guvcniment nvA taken at l(\a^t one
piiMii- utility, the ^vn^nrwork^ p];]];!, umlrv mu-
iiicipal ownership. S!:,' ha- l.nih li()irl> and apai't-
nifiit< ai;d l;i)rnes in a ])rfat li-takiiiLT i'a-liion,
I'l^ict'd a la!.]; ni! alnin-t i'\-fry ax'ailalilt' coi'ia-r of
lit'i" ciuwii'.owii (.ii^irict aiKJ (!.'\-cI< iji.mI all -i>r1< of
now indnstries in add ^) laa- ,,!d ones. II. t taxaM.'
pro|M'ryv to day is eight}" -i\ Tnikioii dolla!-<, an
iiuToase of thirty-seven n;il!ions in ila' Ia-1 \-far.
larni-a n- iir-t uI all a comnu'rcial city, aiui such
she will continue to be. That i- lar dr>-tiny.
Xovri-tludess she offers the tnnri-l nio>l of tlio
att ractio::^. If ];,)t all, to he founil .■!-., •wIkto. Ilor
Avat.Ts contain a- l: 1 f:-li a< o\-.a- w.-i-r found;
her liotuLs, ihuugli ^till tuu few Iii nuuil>.']\ art'
niod.u-n nr.d oxcellent : slip lia- ihrco fine irolf
('oursf< a.nd; a I'lMU'di niid'a" cijn-t i-ii<'l ion ; >ai!iii'^^
and motor l.oatinir enthusiasts could a<k foi" no
hctttT opyornini' i.'- than d'amjia afi'urds; sh-' has
tli('atL'r.>, rare cuur^us, swinuiiinLT ])ools, tennis and
ro'jUP oourtN and, in s]i(,i-t, tlie u>ual eonx-enioneos
h)ok.M| fiT hy ih*' wint'-r \d>itor. Tampa's climate
is of the ]'<-<\, wi'li t'.'W cool days in winter and
t«'W cxcr>-i\-fly hd* OIK'S in -unuucr. (The mat-
ter ot her climate iia.-5 been touched on in a former
■J.
-r.
y.
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
I
210
LET^S 00 TO FLORIDA!
concerned, but ahead of the East Coast metropo-
lis in many other ways. (The last census gives
Jacksonville 95,450, Tampa 94,743.) Within the
past few years Tampa has made gaUant strides
forward. She has adopted the commission-man-
ager form of government and taken at least one
public utility, the waterworks pLant, under mu-
nicipal ownership. She has built hotels and apart-
ments and homes in a breath-taking fashion,
placed a bank on almost every available corner of
her downtown district and developed all sorts of
new industries to add to her old ones. Her taxable
property to-day is eighty-six million dollars, an
increase of thirtv-seven millions in the last vear.
Tampa is first of all a commercial city, and such
she will continue to be. That is her destiny.
Nevertheless she offers the tourist most of the
attractions, if not all, to be found elsewhere. Her
waters contain as good fish as ever were found;
her hotels, though still too few in number, are
modern and excellent; she has three fine golf
courses and a fourth under construction: sailinc:
and motor-boating enthusiasts could ask for no
better opportunities than Tampa affords; she has
theaters, race courses, swimming pools, tennis and
roque courts and, in short, the usual conveniences
looked for by the winter visitor. Tampa 's climate
is of the best, with few cool davs in winter and
few excessively hot ones in summer. (The mat-
ter of her climate has been touched on in a former
y.
f.
v.
DOWX THK WEST COAST
211
C'liapfrT.) So -lie (losorvo? considiTable eonsid-
i'ratioii as a place for tfinporai'v .sojourn. Xover-
tlirlos, I'ldrida's west coa^t iiu*tropolis is a bii:
and })iisv and bustlinir comni«*reial citv, with her
thoiiLrlits set on s<'rinns matters. Slie takes time
to }»lay, 1)ut slic observes very strict business
bonr>, as brfits the state's leadinir mannfaeturin^
and indnsti'ial eeiitin' witli a total invested capital
of nt'ai-]y ibirty-two millions of dollars. Tampa
i> tlie market place for a larire and exceedimrly
ricb territory; pi'acticall}' all of the state's ])hos-
})]iate passes tlironirh le r irates and her port l)usi-
iio<^ is already treniondons. To accommodate the
sliippinir interests new nuinicipal tcM'minals are
beinir built and occupied as fast as completed. Be-
iiiLT the neare>t port of size to the Panama Canal,
her imports and exports grow yearly in volume
and valu(\
Tampa is the world's hea(l<]uarters for Havana
ciirars, producinir mor<' than the City of Havana
herself and far more than anv other citv. Her j
f
}t'ai'ly ouiput is appi'oximately 500,000.000 cigars i
and she has fifteen million dollars invested in the
industry. She manufactures numerous other
thini^^s, too, with more than fifteen hundred con-
cerns enLTairod.
She is, as Florida cities 2:0, a cosmopolitan
connnunity, baviiiLr a largi^ Spanish ])opulation
which includes many of ln-r I'oremost and es-
timal)le citizens, a irood manv Italians and a
': I
LM-J
i.i-rr's no t^) n.riiMDA:
DOWN THE WEST COAST
213
sprinkling of oliier iinf innaliiioR. Tho Spaiiisli
have iiifliitnced the city consideraM>. and in tli.'
localities |)ri!i<'i{iaily occiipi.Ml li\- tjirni— tlif for-
mer s<'|)arate rnunicipalit >' d' AVr>t Tani})a and
thai porti'.n of the cit\' known as Yl)or — tlioir
])rf'scn('t' has add'''] aii intcrc-t ini: and picturt'sipio
atmosjjherc. The Sj)ani>li residents Iiave their
own cluhs and in-t ituliuns, continue to speak th(^
huiLruaire of the homeland and lend a> well as mav
be pos>ilile the lit'.' tliev were accu>tomed to lliere.
Tlieir vlwl^^—cFMtrn^ — are important social fac-
tors, with liand:=ume buildings and lanre meinher-
ships. Ono, the Centro Es|)ari()l, oldr.-t of all,
maintrdns two clnl'liouses. All conduct educa-
tional, mutual-aid, mu-ical and arti-tic depart-
ments, and membur^hi}) includes the privileL^e of
medical treatment and hospital acconmiodatioii.
Amateui- hi-trionie and mu>ical talent produce
pla\'>, operas and eojieerts ea(h winter, while iiot
infriMiuenll}- proft'^-iuiuil oijera troui)es present
themselves in the wp]]-nppoinfed anditorimns.
The Italian citizens likewise have their national
orLrani/at ions and clnhs aiid pro\-ide exerllciit mu-
sical feature> tu which the general public is wel-
comed.
Tampa lias many linnd^ome homes, notablv ])or-
derinir her }-.a\-,^liore l',..ule\ard, wliidi huirs the
rim of llillvburuugli h^ay f,,r sevei'al miles, and
tlirouirliont the newer additions d.-\-..h)p.'d between
that body of water and O],] Tampa Bay on tho
west. She has wi-11 pave(l and well liirhtcd streets,
a irood water supply, excellent transportation by
trolley lines and busses and most other advan-
t aires demandeil by the temporary visitor or per-
nuinent resident. Slie has not yet perfected lier-
flelf, certainly, for her recent .irrowth in popula-
tion and commercial enterprises, the expansion of
her residential territory toward all four points
of the eom])ass, lia\'e been so sudden and so rapid
that the city has scarcely yet camrht np with her-
self. But Kome wasn't built in a day, and l)efore
lonir Tami)a's streets will lie wide enough to ac-
commodate her franic, she will ado])t zoning regu-
lations, her new and much needed bridges wdll
Ix' thrown open, she will hav(» more liotels and
more first-(hiss I'estaui'ants and, possibly, she will
crawl out fi'om under the domiiudion of the rail-
roads whi(h plow tlirouLdi her main streets and
skii't her pai'ks. This latter, however, if accom-
plished will be no mean feat, for railroads are
])roverbially diflicult to leirislate against. But in
the meantime Tampa, bui'sting out of her clothes
as she is, is bending all her eiuM'gies to solve the
many sudden and ofttimes unforeseen problems
that l)eset her, and when she finally succee(ls, as
she surely will, she will l)e a city to be proud of,
whether one is a Eloridian or — unfortunately —
just a resident (tf some other part of this big
country. An.d, anyway, you can get a good five-
eeiit ciirar in Tampa, and that ought to be glory
enouirli for anv cit v I
CH APT F.R XVT
"nOTVX Tin: WTST COA^T (Concluded)
It W(»ii!(1 Ii.' hai'ijl}' fair lo lonvc 1'aiii{)a without
mention ot the recent a«'!i\iti' - liiere ot" 0. P.
T)a\"i-. aiitail}' mentioned as one of th" state's
.Miracle Men. 'rho>L' N^ho nioru iJian two years
hack >aw the three seruhhy panrl is]aii(h< ju-t off
\\ir month of the llilh-horniiLrh Iiivaa- in tin' l)av
of tho >am*' nam*' — ( 'oh»ii''l h'oosev'elt and his
RouL^i Ki'i''i's camiitMl on them wliih' awaitini^
transportaliuii to Cuh>a — wuiiM iiev-.-r know them
today. A fleet of drcdLrcs ]in< hnih them into o]H3
hii: tract of <nnie iiiteen hinnlre(I aci-r^, an<l h'»1els
and apartment-, i-e-id-'Uces and clnh<, windin-j;
\\'aterw.i}-- and \\\'\>' honh'\"ar( k-, tennis conrt- an(l
towimnndiL' puuhs havu ali'eail}' ta!<''n the pkace of
prMJe-,. a-,) maTiL^rnvT'cj. ^\dlat no mni-e than a year
ainl a had' .aL'o was Still onl}' a <le-ert wa>te of
sand i- to-day a thrixniiir and heanlifnl community
distant I'mm Tampa'- Ikay-hore rc-i(hnice section
only the length ul a hridirc. Tiicru's an L'i;j:litecn-
hole golf course liniklimr, too, ont tlioro at the
fard.'-r end of tlie i-laiid. ^'on jn-t caidt pei-form
a nnrae';.' tliese d,a;. - withont e\a)I\-in'j* a irolf
fourse as |jart of il. Xc»t a gr^^at man\- >-ears airo,
siiae he is still a young man, "Dave" l)a\is was
214
DOWX Tin: WEST COAST
215
running errands for a Tampa grocery concern.
Six years ago, perhaps, ho was o|)cinng the eyes
of Miami real estate opei'ators liy liis sloight-of-
hand (h'Velopmeiit and dnsposal of additions and
sul)di\isions in the then awakeiuno: ''Mairic City." [
X(»w, having hrought Davis Island within sierlit
of completion, at an estimated expenditure of
thirty millions of dollars, ''Dave" is oil to St.
Augustine to turn the trick airain. '
IIills])orouirli ( 'ountv is ])roud of her irood roads.
She has to date tliree hundred and sixty miles
of paved highways outside the corporate limits of
her cities and towms and some two hundred more
of rock r)r shell roads. It is on one of her good
roads that the southhound traveler sets forth for
Bradenton, Sarasota, Fort Myers and way sta-
tioThs. One cain at the (expenditure of little time
and gasoline, iro hv wav of Phuit Cdtv, a thriving
j)lace of (),GUO inhahitants twenty-two miles east-
wai'd. Idant (dtv is widelv known as the home
town of the Florida stra wherry, and from it in
l*)-.') wa^re shipped more than one thousand ear-
loads of its specialty. This is in addition to the
two hoxes bouirht hy the writer along the wayside.
(They were good berries.)
Bradenton, haskinir in th(> sunliglit on the bank
of the Mamitee Ivi\au-, is another o\' the idaces
wdiere, Avere it ])h>-sically ])ossible, the writer
would spend his (h'dininLr >ears. But, as Hurree
Babu said, 'Aou cannot occupy two places in
/
\
^'1
' I
)
21G
I.ET'?^ no TO FT/)ini)A!
spac't' >ImiiltanooTi-1y. That i> axi<)iii;i! io.'^ l>ra-
(It'iitMii rall> htTself '-Th.' Frirn.lly City." Ono
can I'^'lit'Vf that sIm- (h-.-i'Vrs the s.'lf-coiil'cnaMl
tilk', fur i,he lool's frit'iidly. So many phuM's, yon
know, rlon't. BradfTiton lias a year-round ])opu-
latioii of just over 7,'»00 and a wintrr popnhitioii
of— von may write your own th-kt-t. It' it isn't
douMt' T.'t'i'h thouirli, it onirlit to ])o. Bradontoii
is so ])linnb full of gouddookiug, lioinoliko liomes
that the \-i-itor spends his first day there in just
walkiiiLT arouii'l and loMklin: at them and eox-etimj;
about every >eeond one he sees. They all have
the leok of heiiiLT lived in, and not .iu<t ])u1 ii]) on
speculation, with the o('en])ants hidinir behind the
cairtains of th*' fi'ont room on the watch fer pos-
>ibh' buv.-rsl And n.ever were handsomer L^ir-
dens than here. P>ra(h-nton is appar.aitly elmck-
full ot^ eivie pride. Otherwi>e h(^r streets would
n*-\er }>>■' so ch'am hei- pri\-ate estates >o well eared
for, le-r publie buiMinirs so fino. Oh, yon'll like
Bratlenton.. Oan't hel]» it!
Aero>s thf broad Manatee, more a bay here than
a rivtT, lie< one of Bradenton's irood neiirhbors,
I'almettn. TIhto's a fine new bridire stretehinir
its lent^nh from town to town, and when that's
fini-hed tie- two will be praetieally one. Tn fact,
before lunL^ Im-voi..! a doubt P)i-adriit on and Bal-
motto and Manatee, her neighbor up the river,
^^ill .^]] p,. on^' nmni'-'ipnlity. "FeoTK.nn' demands
it. AVleii it happens i' i- to be hop-d that tlui
DOWN THE WEST COAST
217
present Bradenton will lose none of its individual
charm.
I'radentun is not without some history, for all
of her modornnoss. Xof far away, up-river, is
the old (Jamble Mansion, recently purchased by
the Thiited I)aui:hters of the Confederacv and
j)resented to the state to l)e preserved as a memo-
rial. The old lunise will be restored and the once
attractive irrtumds replenished. Meanwhile this
excellent speeinnni of ty]ncal Southern colonial
architecture ovt'rlookinu- the beautiful Manatee
lii\'er is worth a \-isit. Here Judah P. Benjamin,
Secn^tai'v of State of the Southern Confederacv,
liid from the Enion authorities during the Civil
AVar, and from her(\ with his aides, he took flight
down the river and so made his escape to Eng-
land.
Bradenton is in Alanatee Countv. Manatee
Countv, when it wa- sliced olT some other countv,
was named after the Ab-matee Biver, and the Afan-
atec ]\i\er was named after the manatee. All
(piile simple, i<n't it? The niaiiatiM', oi- st\a-cow,
is still extant, but vou iwo chalhnnrcd to find one.
Eid'ortunately tla^ ]n-(\<ent law iirohibitinir the
lakinir "f manatees was not ]\assed early enouirh.
Xow, if you see one at all, it will very probably
he quite (h-ad and stulTeil full of sawdust or tow
or whatevei- <lead manattM'< art^ stulTed with. The
sea cow i< a larire, ]M)!idt'i-ou<, idileirmatic animal
which sometimes weighs as much as twelve hun-
-H J.KT'S GO TO FT.ORIDA!
drc(i pounds, it lives in salt or brackish wafor
and feeds on the bottom irmwili. T!m' Indians
used \n think a who'^' h.t of manatee strak-, chops
aii'l cutlets, and, since the animal lia^ ahoiit as
mucli sense as the other kind ot" cow, and not a
whit mnro, if wn- oa^^ily kidrd. Ad thr hnnun-y
Indian did was sit on the hank and wait for thf»
sea-cow to li.-ave out of th.' watrr in it^ h'i-nrdy
^va\' for an Mcrasional breath ot' air a!id tlicn >huut
an arr^w i:;to it where it would do tlif mo-t irood
— to tiio IndiaiL T.at»'r tic rille sup'plantcd the
how and ;!..' manatee sonn hfcamc coii>pi(Minirs
for in- ahsence. Wdiat th^' writ^n- wan.ts to kn.ow
is what Mr. Manatuu vsa:^ called. If Mrs. Manatee
was a sea-cow wa- he a ^oad^nll' Tin has nrx-or
ht-ard of a -''a hull, icit an\' tlpin\\- to the ftr.'ct
that manatees were or are alwa\- of tla- t-^nd-a-
sex isn't a hit of good for thr roa-nii that >oung
inanatt't's have frequently been seen accompany
i:.L: .\fnther Manatee, which Avnnld h^f.r that ,-onie-
wh- It ahout was a sea-cow, or
' ; i ; i
• it till' oppx)
site sex. lhi\\,.\< r, since little of tic manatee
sa\'o ii> name is left to-da\, \\h\ \surr\' uwr >uch
a tritliug point? Just the sam^, nnv one will road-
ily see that a sea-cow can't ho a sea-cow when
h.''< a had!
The nam*' of Sarasota i> all .-'irt of tamrhM] np ;
widi diat erstwhile better-known name of Kimr-
lini,^ It used to be a case of t]dnh of a cir(ai- and
yon t!a»nLdd of Singling. Xow it' \<ca tldnk of a
DOWX THE WEST COAST
219
circus yon tldnk of Sara-ola. Tt takc> two
jumps, hut you do it. John Iiimrlinir, of the
Greatest Show on Inarth, now }>rid'ers to he known
as Jolm Kdmrlinir of Sarasota. As far hack as 1912
Mr. KlmrlinLT saw the ])os>ihilities of Sarasota
and j)romptIy annexed a hundred and fifty acres
of shore ])ro]»orty. That \\as t he heiriniunfi:. Xow
there is under eunstrucliun at Shell Beach a mil-
lion-dollar palace of Ferrara marhle— well, there
mu\' he a few hrick or tiles nsed — wdiich, when
completed, will he the top hole show ])lace of the
A\ e<t Coast, (rntil some one sees Mr. Kimrling
and goes him a million dollars— and a few shi])-
loads of Italian mai-hle — better.) While the palace
was still no more than white lines on lilne ])aper,
perhaps not even so much, Mr. Kingling got to
hankeriuL^ for somethinir to occaijjy his waiting
moment.^. Prohahly he had .just tinished watering
tlu' la>t ot' his several hundred heantiful palms
and was dr\inir hi^ hands (ui the seat of his
tr-ousers, which is the way the writer invariably
di'ies his, and lonkimr off into the sum^et wdien the
idea came to him. (hit tlnu-e, aloinr the horizon,
stretched any numher of inlands not doinir a thing
In the world hut ,iu>t st T'etchinir. Wliy not make
them at least eaini their keep? Xo sooner said
than done! Mr. liinirlimr trot a lot of money to-
irt'ther -ma}he he sold an eh-phant or a couple
ot camels and houirht the whole cahoodle of
Key>; Longh(;at aiul Worcester and Sarasota and
/,
it
I
I
).)
II
LEI'S GO To FLulMhAI
/ Luuii. Tiicu lie started in tu l.uy aiung.-liure.
I Xnw, althonirh ho mny possil'l} ho shy n ronple
/ ot" elephants, he has tliirt}- -ix miles <•!' w.ilt'r
front, thf \\\in\,- southern eiid d' Sai'asota Counly
ami all thf i-'iands north ol Bii^: Pass. AfU'i" all,
\vliat '> an flrj.haiit?
Juhn Iiihirliinr made Sarasota wliat slic I< to-
dav and vou ('an liiaic lir i< sati-ticd. P)iit he isn't.
He's ,ju>t started. Wait until lie has dcvrloped
all that hark c»aintr\- ui'n triu-k t'arnis and irroxa^s,
as he nu'ans to; wait until that thirty-six milL'S ul'
shore t'r^uit h= dotted ^vith hnud-omo ]iomo=:: wnit
until tilt' n-'W "MillionDdllar ('ausr\va\'" from
CJolih-n (hit-- Toiiit t(t Longhuat is opL'U I'or its
^vhol«■ I'our niilt'> ! Ju>t wait.
]^at at that \'ou A\"on't have to wait long. Thuy
not (tnlv il<i thinir^ in a huir ^va}" in Florida, hut
tlifV do tlitin in short time. Aiid thf\' <i<» thrm
Avith miirhty little fuss. To-day you dri\-(' ah>n<_r
and see a btrt-teh ol' .-and ociaipi.''] l.y two man
prove fvpo^i, a hlue horon aii'l a fuMler crah. 'l\\-o
month- tV^m t^) <la> >oii pas- t lie same way an<]
ruh y<t!ir eyes. Tin' two manL'ro\a' tr»M's hax'r ])e-
c'ome I'oi'ty-eleven |ialm<, tlio Muf Ina-on is a pink
ln)ti'l with laVL'ndi'r trimmings an^l thf }i<Mlfr crah
is rarinn- '<irh-'\vise ovor an oiLrhteen hole l^oH'
course !
".John RinLdiiip of Sarasota" Is correct, hut so
is "Sarasota >>\ John l\inirling.^' Mr. ]\inLdinu'
douhth'SS still lovus his elephants — what t'.'W ho
DOWN THE WEST COAST 221
has left— his camels and Iiis antcat<'rs and all tlie
other attractions of the Biggest Show ou Earth,
but it's dollars to doughnuts he lovcs Sarasota
muru. lie couldn 't very wed help it. Why, it 's his
own city and ho ju-t ahout made it lumself. Others
have come aloni: and helped, a lot of them, but it
was John KMnirlinir who })ointrMi the way and cut
the first path. Sarasota now has a poi)ulation of
5,529 citizens and about a thousand real estate
sah-'snicn wjio lam around too fast to ])e counted.
She- has line buildings, fine water and good sewer-
age. She has irood schools, too. The Bank of
Sarasota has deposits of more tlian $2,200,000.
And it's not the only bank tla^re, oitlnT.
Kather a lively, up-and-cominir ])lace, Sarasota.
Of her pi'e-rnt authentic po|)ulation. 3,o^0 per-
sons ha\e ai-ri\-ed on the scene since the Census
of lli2U. Sexcrrd more have arrived since the
Census of ir»2o. If you are still interested in
climati' after all }-ou'\-e had to read ahout that
suhjrct, }()U will foririve mention of tlie fact tlnit
()\t'r a jioriod of tweiitv-seveii vears Sarasota's
averairc maxinmm tem])erature was 90.5, her aver-
aire minimnm ri.'t.o and her averaire mean 71.9.
Xt'ar Sai'asota the Hrotherliood of Eocomotive
Euginrei's has started a larire de\-elopnnuit by the
purchase of tlie town of X'onicc and 27,000 acres
of farm hmd. Tlie latter will be sold in small
tracts to members of the organizatiom Veince,
already well started, faces the 02>en gulf some
o.>.)
LET'^ no TO FLORIDA!
\
twenty niiiL'6 below ►Sarasota. lliis town was
plariiit'd hy John ^s'ohl!i, who ha^ l»roui:ht to
ri-alit\' so many (irrarns of i'air citit-s, and should
soon rt'>ol\-o i!>oh' inio one of the h)t'auty spots
of tht' A\ t'.^t Cua^l. ddif df'\'(,'h){)Tnt'nt plans in-
clude a cai.al of sovoral niilrs to connect X^'nice
with the Myakka I\i\"rr, which pai'alh'ls tin- coast
inland, aiid tlie hiiildiiiLT of a second town on tln^
aereaire property alouLT that stream to tlie south.
AVhu wouldn't be an engineer, li\-c in Mr. Nolan's
idoa of a proper eity and commute by motorhoat
down tho tropical Myakka to a noat tni-aere
oranLTf Lrr(»\-e or radi-h i'arm.'
Sonit'thiiii; >l!ould }ia\'»' been said while we were
still ''up tlio road a pioee'' about thr Indian
mounds of Sara-o*a and v'ciiiity. Several of
these ha\f rdrtady be.'ii fonn.l and exeavated, and
more doubtless still await discovery. The build-
ers Were that "lo.-t race'' which we call the Abaii-
aki, tl'ip tribe wliich leaked its pottery from the
inside iii-tfud of from without. IVits of the pot-
tery, stone imphiuents, beads and ptortions of
skeleton^ lia\'e been frequently unearthcfh Any
one with a •'buLc" lor archeology and a spade can
have an a\^t"ull}' [ro<»d, time- around Sai'asota, so
hjUL'" a- h>' rt'^peet -!!.>■'" Xo T re- pass" si<j"ns.
You'\'<' '-rou'- about a hundr-'d miles from d'ampa
when you eat'-h sight of the broad waters of
Charlriffe Harbor arid r'i!l a<'ro-< the mile and a
'juart'-r, sleel-and-concrete bridir'' into Ihiuta
DOWN THE WEST COAST 223
(Jorda. Here is one of tlie pleasantest spots on
the gulf coast. Sea and rivers and sounds, off-
shore keys aiid barrier reefs, mingle in interest-
ing confusiom The waters abound in fish and
Punta (Jorda is one of the liig commercial fishing
ports. The city has l,b;>5 inhabitants and does
well by them. It maintains its own water and
lighting systems, has a good sewerage system,
plenty of welbpaved streets and sidewalks and
excellent hotels, (diarlotte County, the result of
a major oi)eration pjerformed four or five years
ago on De Soto County, is, for a Florida county,
only a baby in size. But it's a particularly
liealthy baby. Its develo])ment is hardly more
than started and thousands of acres of its rich
soil await tlie ]>l(nv. The main industries at pres-
ent are truckinir, citrus fruit growing and pine-
a|)ple culture. Some of the best pinea])ples pro-
duced in the Enitod States are- o-rown around
Punta (Jorda and handsome ])rofits are made.
The initial outlay is fairly great, however, and
the man who iroes in for ''pimps'' must be pre-
pared to ])ut many dollars into the soil before
he tak(\s his reward. Both open tield and lattice-
shed growinir is don(>, according to the variety
planted. Charlotte County is well down toward
the tro})ical reirion of the state, and sutdi fruits
as dates, sapodillas and papayas gi'ow to per-
fcctioin Punta Corda and the Charlotte Harbor
islands }ia\-e already been >j)oken of as tisliing re-
224
LET'^ no TH FT.nT7Tr>A!
sorts for the -pnrtsman. Hereabouts the '';Silver
King'' and the less kingly but weightier jewfish
are to be found in abundance. A jewli-li ot five
hnn<ir.Ml puimd^ eaii, ihey say, give you (jiiiif a
tULr!
A run of fwoTity-seven milr'^ ovor 'hf Taiiiiaini
Trail laings the traveler to Fort M >.'!<. ainl wIh'U
la' La> reached Fort Myers he ha- ai rixtd some-
where. Here is a rual truijical Laly jn-t lu.'giiiniiig
to awa]:en to h^^r pn=:^ibilitio<=. Until three years
back P''!]-* Af-.t-r- v. a- th*' Sleepincr PririrT'>^ of
Flori'la towns. Lackinc: a a a']-- ma*'' la'idi:*' ox^r
the Caloosahatchee ]liv^v and t i-av.rsal)l<' roads
to the north, she might alniu^t a>-: wt-li haxa- hrcii
set do^^Ti on one of the Florirla T\pys so far a< in-
tercourse with the rest of the state was con* . rih d.
Not, however, that she v,a< L^rtady worrit d. Tu
fact, she didn't mind her isolation a Kit. Sla*
had been isolated for bomu thr.*' .n.ir^ r< of a
century, had become used to it ai 1 railar lilod
i^ |aa)bably. Indeed, you'd tin>l pa-nly of old
residents who view the rec* iit -ad-'a n impetus to-
ward enlargement and a iiifLro|.)olii;in -tatu-, with
d. . p suspicion, and who even speak a trill.- l>it-
terlv about it. Well, there i< no doulit tliat I'ort
M; L'rs before the worl'l iana' ^o it \\a< a plea-ant,
leisurely place to live in; no dou^' tfiat LM<»wtli
and development will do av, ay v. itli mal! ot' its
former charm. But enoup^h of the latt. r will le
left to keep the city wholly de^ir d-l- from tla'
DOAVX TllK WlaST TOAST
22")
puiul uf \iu\v ui winter visitor or voar-round
residont.
Fort Myers came into existence in the da\ > of
the Seminole unplra-antiuv^s when a luilitarv post
was e-taMi.die.i a lew mika^ up the Caluosaliatehee
River under the name of Fort Harvio. Later the
post was -treiarthenod, roLrarri-oia'd and recliris-
tened Fort Myers in honoi- of ili,. thrii Thief (Jnar-
termaster of tla^ Deparlmmt of Florida. Brevet-
(oaaa-al Abraham T. Myers. In l^ai! Genei'al
Hancock was stationed tln^Te. After the termina-
ti'»n of tlio Indian troaklt-s tin* I'ort wa< ptraeti-
eall}' ahandontMl anil tho localiMii \\-;is taken up
^i"der i!,.. IloiiiHstead Act by a Xdnrinian named
F\-aiis. lie iiad his residence in a loir house A\iiLrli
had bpon part of flie fort and which occupied a
site ahoui where the present Royal T'alm Hotel
stands.
Naturally enough, a tuwu in. existence fully
eiirhty y».'ai's acquires a seftl(^d lo-k, and tin's Fon
.M>aa-- lia-. SIh' ]i:i< ]ior streets shaded hy trulv
maLrnilieciit treos, and the tra\-'ha' iVom the Xorih,
alter (U-o-^inu" the v'wrv on the luiledomr brid^'-e.
proceed- ah)[a_r tho winding river shore ou an
avenue ari'hod wi'ji tiia^ ^pc'rimi'Tis of tliat na^st
reiral of all trees, the Royal Pahn. All of the
city's other attractions aside, a walk or lide
a 1 f ' ! I Lf { 1 1 : ( • (
1 r • 1 ' , ,■ a
lOl n(
r nf lu.a- >ha.!"d -Irccl.^ is sui-
licient r. ward for a visit to Foia M\a^rs, Slie has
moro i!,,ia :,0 varieties of r-ahn-, besides interest-
»
■2-2h
LKT'F^ on TO FLolMDA!
iiig specimens of tropical ami i! tropical trees
a!i<l -linil'S of other species, ai:'! !:• r uMnlfiis aro
(It'liirii' t'lil. r)iit >]i'''- ;i\vakf !;m\v, aii^l takiiiLT oil
a sliirlitl} <iii'i\'rent aspect. The tree-honliTiMl
fcti'L-fts rfinaia. l)n! hii^iiiess Imiuiiiigs arc jiokiiii^
their iip|>«'r >:'>!•!. ^^ nlmvo f]ip -mnssos^ of t'oliai^o
and the erstwhile quiet i- I'l'^kcii 1»\- tic //">//r of
the motor kns and the plfailin-r cr}- of tho sales-
man with a nt-w subdivisi' ^n on hi- hands.
To-dav — ur vesteriia\', that i-— "Tlie Citv of
Palm-'" liad a population of -liLrhtly loss than
7, <"'•', hat siie is uiidouhttMily In i"(ir a tremendous
irrowtli, a!:d that tiLrnro won't an-wcr for loiiu^.
An ;iml.i'ioLi> dovolopmonL i> [dannod aiid already
under way. This ineludes the dred^^Im^: of the
river for deop-dranirht vessels and tlio luiildinu^ of
mnnii-iiKil th-cks. Ali'''ad\' the citv has manv of
the conit'oit< and convenience- to he . xprctod of a
modern and pirugrfS--i\e pilaee; really irood
schools, paved streets and sidewalks, sanitary
and -*orni sewei'^, an arff-ian wi'll >upply of t^ood
wan-r, electric li-rhnnLr, pnhlie parks, a })leasnre
pier and last, but certainly not h a-t, a thoromrhly
aMrae:i\u a.-^ well a>. eunnnudiuus railway station
that lool:<=^ a whole lot liko a pief nresrpic, sprawdy
old Spani-h mission, d'ho eip\' i- wrll serxaMJ by
two n^w-papers, it ha- tln'r,. pro. parous hanks
an(i th.- -tart of an excellent pnhlir lihi-ar\-. If
also has a handsome n( w ho-pitah Xot, of
coTirse, that there was reallx an\- n.-rd of a hos-
T)()WX THE WEST COAST
227
pifaUn so jjrallliy a place, but you know how it
. n-. These heirinnnii: cities think they have to have ■
all the frills of older comnninitit-s, wdiether tliey're
really re.pured or not. What hotels there are'are
prood, hilt more are ne.>d,.<h T)]), yes, and there's
a nice eiKhtecu^li,,!,. ^r,^p' ,-,,urseI
Lee Tounty, of which Eort Myers is the seat,
is a rich sectioji ,,f the state, and while its present
l)<'})iilation is only around Tl/ioo— of which 267
are Seminole Indians—its resources are such that
withm the next two or three years tliat ])opula-
tion will without the shadow of a doubt be more
than trebled. A part of the county is included
in the P"]verirlade country and will not be rea<ly for
cultivation tor a while, but tliere's plenty of 'land
easily accessible at i)resent. Lee County's posi-
tion at almost the tip of the peinnsula* is crood
insuranc' airaimst killimr frosts, and plenty of sun-
sliine and raintall account for the remarka])le
cro})s rai-ed. Here is veritahly the hiniter's and
fislierman's para<lise, for biir and small irame are
^^^ ^"' ^'^^nuil and the tishimr is far-tamed. Guides
and outfits for trips iTdand or alomr the passes
may bi' obtained. By },oat one can trav(d up the
nvt-r to Lake < Jk.M'chobee and thence bv canal to
Mmmi, and tinil good sport and plenty of interest
all the way.
Fort Myei-s is the w i?ifer rc'sidence town of two
distiniruished citizen.-, Tla.ma^ Edisori and Henry
1-k'rd, whose comfortable hut modest homes are
(I
ii
/
S.
f
\
228
LKT'S GO To FLoKIDA!
sitnrtted companionably close. Here, too, Jolm
I-)UiT<>nL^];- was a frequent visit mt (lurini: tlir later
year- of his life. AhhoiiLrh the city ii a guud
tifteen miles back fmin th<' 1:11! f, tlio fact is not
rt'Lrretted since the ('aloo-ahatcliee is so broad as
to be a iniiiiature gulf in it>flt\ To I't-acli tlie
coa-t, liMwever, i-> only tlir niatt^/r oi a f^'W niiuuti's
I'V way (>:' tliM |)a!ni-ljordL'rL'd McGregor Boule-
\'ar.l, |i;i-t Lrro\a- and attracfivo winter liomes.
I'nM'a ]\a--a is the terrninu< of tht' lioiilcvard;
and also the terminus of tla- caltle to Havana.
Xot far fr<>ni F-n't M\-i-.-, at Iv-t.To, i< tlif seat
of the Kort'shan Unity, or ^^rnivursology," tlie
unique religious and intellrT-tnal cnlt founded by
the late P-. Tvrus R. T. ■,•,]. Dr. Tc-d, whose
\olrjninous wiltings were signed "Koj-.-sh." hehl
the view that the wurld i- a spLuru an<l that we
live on the inside instead of the outside of It. And
he proved it, at least to ]n< o\v?i -at i-faction, in
a volume published some }• ars ago entith d ''The
Cellular Cosmogony." After his deaUi hl> body
wa- tnloml^ed in a huge bupuleher on Ihu bank
I of the Estero River, ^v];r■•re n I'-nard wn^ alwny- on
watch by day and \'.!iere a heet.rn burn'MJ 1,y
night. The high water occasioned by th<' storm of
1921, however, swept away all tr i<« of ihr inaii-<>
ileum. His disciples engage in irm^ r ai-iiiLr ami
truck growing, and their prodn'^- ar. a]\^ay> of
the finest. They believe In (onmi'^n owie r>hi[),
DnWX THE WEST COAST 229
linve prospered exceedingly and are now a wealtliy
and esteemed rommunifv.
^AVhen, a frw years a-o. Barr-.n G. Colli. t. of
Xew York, bou::ht ija- h.wer lialf of L^e Countv
an obligiii- Legislature used the knife a-ain and
Collier County came into boimr. Barron Collier
IS lord of a vast domain down there, and what he
has done and is doimr gives liim everv riirlit to a
niche in th(^ Ilall of the Miracle Workers'^ Tlnis
far, Uiomrh. liis atTaii-s are strictly })rivate, none
of his vast liohbJnirs have |)ass.'d from hi^ hands
and it is on]\- fair to respect his rechision. At
some not far (bstant date Collier County will, so
to speak, }n\r<\ onto the worhl and into jml^licitv,
but until it (h)e.s h^t it live its own life. Xot, of
course, that the visitor is barrel Xor tliat lie
doesn/t get down that far. The Tamiami Trail
i-^ ^^'■•'<)d as tar as h^^nita Sprin-.-. an.d practicable
to Xaples an.l ewn bcynn,]. Xa|)les, a small town
awaiting the coming of the railroad, was a fa-
vorit(^ spot in flie winter oi^ the late Henrv Water-
son, of Loni<vIlh' and the rest of the w.n-hb Here,
in a fine old house set in a mass of tropical luxu-
riance, he was wont to vi>!t hi- frirn.l and busi-
ness associate, Cnlouel W. X. IlaMeman. Sitilnir
there on the veranda of the comfoi'tabb' residence,
^^■''^' ^^"' '""l: -ihrry beach and the quiet i^ulf
'"'*"*"■'' them, ihe tw., Ixentucky ch-nels must have
enjoyed many ra!,- hours of reminiscence and
230
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
propliocy. Lot us hope that amonc: the many
othrr thiiiir> that irrrw in the Mu^ irardm sur-
rounding' the hou>*' was that fraLn-ant hcrh known
as niiiit, fnr tho ])ii'tui\' ot' tin" two aoc-onifdisluMl,
ol.i-worM irnith'nn'n srattMl th.To at tli^ir case
s^'cms sonnliow iiicomph'tf unless we can vision
at their >-U»)w< two tall fr^M encrusted glasses
topped wuh what w;i<, or .-hould havu been, the
fctatc iiuwer of Kentucky.
OKattee XVII
TIIROrOII THE RIDGE COUNTRY
Moore Havex, on tlic west sliore of Lake Okee-
chobee, is at th.' end of an interestinLr run from
Fort Myers that follows th. picturesque Caloosa-
hatchee Kiver, past Huckinirham and Lal)elle;
but, havino: ivached that destination, there is noth-
ing' for it as yet but to turn around and come back
since the road to the north is not temptimr. Moore
Haven, a younir but thriviinr to\^m in the center
of the rich Ok(H'c]iobee farmin- district, can best
be reach(Ml by boat from P^ort :\ryers or bv trains
of the Atlantic Coast Lin(>. The boat trip is not
to be miss(Ml in any case, for the vovaire up
the troi)ical Caloosahatchee River is a series of
h)vely views. (The word Caloosahatchee means
''crook(Hl river"; so, of course, it is unnecessary
lo a(hl -river" to it, but, e.iuallv of course, it is
done.) Above Fort Myers the stream narrows
middcuily and never exceeds a (pnirter of a mile
in width until it broadens into Lake Ilicpochee.
the traveh^r may still obtain a better idea of the
Iroincal junirles here than on any other o? the
navi^^abh> streams, altlion-h the hanks are beam,-
rapi.ily ch-ared lor -roves and farms and villa-es
are spriiiKinir up on each side.
231
Of^
Li:T-S GO Tn V\a)\U\)\\
I Steel motor vessels sixty-five iVcL iu kngiii and
'nineteen feet in width mnlxo the trip tlirim wpckly
in each direction between Fort .\fyers ainl W't -t
/ Palm Beach. These boats are now ainl wt 11 ap-
pointed, with accommod i'ioiis for Ud }ia->t ult. is.
An observation deck sixteen feet above the water
a]]nw= a fine view of the scenery.
A good road runs by wriy of F.»ri On^,],]!, a Sem-
inole War settlement, to Ar^ adia. aid from tho
latter place the traveler can cuxcr iliu liidire and
Lake sections very thoroughly on liis northward
trip. Arcadia has a few more than 4,000 inhahit-
h is the
\'
ants and is a fast-growing conim
county seat of De Soto County, one of the state's
best citrus fruit dislriet.s. Arcadia has particu-
larly good water from nrfp-inn wells, n fill' -\-teiu
of schools and many attractions for th^ home
seeker. Xorthward, past Zolfo Spi i!!--, t!.- road
reaches A\ auchula, seat of llar<lee County, one of
the most productive counties iu ihc peninsula.
The Peace River flows past on if= way down fmm
the lakes, forming the valley of that nam.' vdiah
has a state-wide reputation f i- }• liliyw (ilrus
fruits, truck and general larm jeoducL- arc raised.
Wauchula is well supplied wiiL paved sf relets,
municipal lighting and wa^ r pLiiits, 8ew.rair(S
good schools and many creditahh* liuildii i^s. It
is a particularly progressive city ulth a pit -en 1
population of 2,G00.
Sebring lies eastward, on the shores of lieanti-
TIIKnnni THE KIDGE OjLXTHY 233
ful Lake Jaekson, fairly iii wla' lias come *o lio
known a.- the Scenic Highlands. It i. a h..ve]y
|''\''^' ^';^ '■' •' lovely place, and, altheu-h ^till an
infant in yr;tr<, bas already won distinction as a
resi'h'iice city. It lia^ l.^no iidiahitants tlnrty
mil. > (,f street pavement, parks, schools, elmrclies,
hanks, a puhli.- Idn-ary, at least one good liot^l
and much mure on the way. Tt is that same Iiotel,
elsewhere referred to, ^vhirh ae<-rpts no money
from its guests for hMlirii;-. on >i;,-]i ,]avs as tlie
snn fails to <hlnr. Oeor^e E. SebriiiL:." tlie pro-
prietor, is seldom out of pocket. The lake ikvhin-:
in the ncighhoi-hood is famed.
The Scenic Tli-hland^ c<.TiM<t of a ridire a])out
sixty mih- in lon-th faii-]\- in the center of the
peninsula, a di-M'iet of i-ojiin- hills, -uti-llecked
^'^''•' ^-'tl^"''^ <'nd piih" fni-^.^sts, a kind of country sur-
pn.^inirly dilTeivnt from fliat alouir the coasts on
^■'^^'•'i" ^"^♦'- Ilax-im.^ con^iderahle elevation, tlie
lliirhland^ r.'eoi\o the benefit of the wiud- from
^'otli^ ocean and -ulf and form, without doiiht, a
p;i!'tieularl>- h-althfnl section of the state. Per-
L'dnly it is a heantit'ul snctin7] aiid a re\-clat!on to
those who -o Miero lahorin- ui;dor the nM<a])pi-e-
^i''ti-ioii that Eloi-ida is Ju-t ono hmre expam<e of
h'\-el .^an.l. W!m!-.'\oi- the eye travcLs a charming
^■'"ta of hill and lake, of LM-ove aTid fnres-f, of wlm]-
mi^ road- ai:d ph-a-ant homes i> \\:i\un^. This is
^■"nipai-ati\,.ly im-a .•.hi!,m-\, <lating back scarcelv
^"'^•"^'i "*!•'■ 'I^l-'H I-h'o>tprool', ahout tliirtv miles
234
LET'S CiO TO FLORIDA!
nortli of S"])ri!!Lr. was tl^.r' smitlipni forminus of
/ til'' railroad aloiiLT th-' Ki<ii:t'. Fi-<^>t})rn()t' wasn't
much at tliat tinir; '\u>\ a muiiKk'r of old Fort
Clinch of Scminolf AVar days. Fow towns have
had moro names, i»y tlie way, for it was siiccos-
sivcly LakcmouTit, Keystone and Frostproof.
The |)rc<fnt name will undoubtedly stick. It's a
good nam*', wle-tlirr its im|dieation is wliolly
truthful or Tir»t. IVriliaMy it i<, thouLdi, for the
old r*-idents of tli" section assert that it hasn't
^ known a real fm^t ]r\ forty years. And they ouudit
to know. Frn>t|)r(»of t^-day is a thrivinir town
of a thousand citizens and many mor«^ winter r(\s-
idents, with every indication of becomini^^ in a
short timt' a model r-ommunity. It is just about
surroumh-d by lakes whose wat»Ts sujij^ly the best
of fi-liinir and wlio.-e sandy shores lur(» the batlier.
One is -J.".'! f*'"t above the sea liere and the air is
deliirhtful.
Tm the wp>;t, a few miles distant, lies Fort
Mt-ade, a!ioth*'r r''ni!nd''r of Seminole War times.
P'ort M'-ad'- boa-ts the wii{e-t bu-iness street in
the <bate, P^roadway, wleT<'on ten automobiles
may stand abrea-t-^or jias-, if they'd rather. It
is in the center '-f a larL'-e phosphate district and
^urro•:^ded by sonie (,1" thf b<-t L'^roves and farms
in Fc'lk Oountv. J:>art(AV is a ^hort run to Iho
riOr*/i. ;i c'^vof nearly 5,0^0, and one of the fastest
jjT(,\\\n^ cornmunitieB in tie- ^tate. Folk is one ot
the big and pro-pc-rciU- counties, containing a
TIIKOFCJII TIIH lUlHlK COFXTKY 235
number of large towns: Lakeland, Haines City,
AVinter Haven, amoni: them.
The I\id,ire miirlit well be called Millionaire's
Row, or somethinir e(|ually impressive, liut it
wouldn't be fair to that part of the state, since,
wliile it is true that a number of wealthy men have
l)uilt their winter homes amomrst the hills and
lakes there, the Ridire holds forth a welcome to
all the world and his wife, and although some
of the largest and fairest estates are found in that
part there are thousands of smaller and humbler
homes as well. Wealth is represented liy such
names as Havemeyer, Westinirhouse, Curtis, Bok,
Cadwalader, Gunther, Montgomery, Starrett,
Heckscher, Crocker, Hemphill, Bush, Jennings,
l^eclford, Warner, Babson and still others. Mr. /
Babs(»n, statistician extraordinary and irood
friend of Florida, sehu'ted a S])ot about halfway
along the Ridi^e, not far south of Lake Wales, for
his honn? and for the win.ter ([uarters of his statis-
tical laboratory, and, incidentally, for dt^wlop-
ment as a residence town now known as lxibs(Ui
Park, on(^ of tlu^ aspirants (or the honor of being
the highest town sitt^ in Florida.
Edward Bok, of ^h)untain Lake, after he had
settled down to the enj'oxnuMit ol a cliarming
home, ])urchas(Hl some 2,2(^0 acrt\< near Lake
Wales and (^ast of Babson Park, called in Fred-
erick Law ()lmstead, landscapt> architect, and
gave Trexel .hmgle to the \\t»tld a> a rcservaliou
23G
LET'S an T<^) FT.ORTPA!
/ of wonderful beauty. Mr. P.^-lx wn^ liorn on
i Trexel Island in the Netherlands ; lience the name.
i This tract has been deeded to the state oi' Florida
j for the use of the pn])lic. TLr lidlural braiily of
I the reservation will be unmolested, and Mr. ()]in-
stend'- ]n^'or=; ar*' oo-nrTTntMl cliiffly with the cs-
taMishing of roads to best . ■xhil.it tlir attractions
of the park, these to connect with tlif neai- ])y
highways. "Wild iii'f will Lu prutucifd and for
this purpose the reservntion will ])o jilactM] in
charge of a ward-:i a:;d -'X-ri-al d*'pn:ies. Walk-
in-thc T^'aS'T Lake a:.d the connect im: (-nek of
. the same name are within the con tines ot' tlie
paii:. \\ alk-in-the-Water Creek k> Lini.jue in that
its bed is frequently fifty feet below thf sur-
face. Mr. Bok has also established a park and
bird sanctuary on Iron Mountain, one ol" th.- liiLrli
spots of the state. In fact, it is claimed tor tht^
summit of Iruu Mountain that it is the hiLdn st
elevation on the Atlantic and gulf coast ])et\v( .11
New Jersey and Mexico, but every now and then
some one takes the joy out <-!" lif. hy di-ox . rini,^
a ne^r. » levated place. Anyhow, li'n-i Mountain
is 324 feet above sea level, nn i *!ai onudit to he
bio^b onough for any bird, even an . ,i_dc.
Lake Wales looks on Iron Mountalfi and Moun-
tain Lake as her own, though sh- lia< ph nty ot'
other attractive features and euiild gt,l ah.ni,':
nicely without them; Lake Caloosn. for in-tan. c,
ten miles of beautiful forest-lined vat. a that i^
TimuLGii TiiE KIDGE CuUXTRY 237
not onlv wonderful to h-ok on I ait is e(!nallv won-
derl'ui to lii^ii on or bathe in. Lake Wales was
a turpontino cnnij) twelve years airo and yon could
]ia\a' {lui'chased all xou wantt'd of it for a dollar
and twodiits an aci-e. The same land is lunnir
snapped up now at the rate of al)out $100,000 an
acre. Xot all of it, of courr^e, just some that
happens to he well within the Intsines? seetion of
the city. Xice if you had known in time, eli ?
Lake AVahs laid a ])opnlation of 2.747 in tlio
sprini,' of lO^o, but the writer suspeets tliat that
iiLrure won't answer to-day. It's a ^rreat little
town. A bn-}- one, too, and a wealthy one. Its
assessed valuation is $4.r)(ir).()00 ; not at all h>ad for
a town that i-n't much more than tcqi yr-ar^ old.
A(uril find L-'ood ti>liing there, aiid irood irolf, \oo.
The Mountain Lake course is kianvn from Maine'
to Mexico. Aou'x'e irot to o\\-n |)]'optM'tv there
i<» join, liowe\'.-]", altliouirh it' you hapunui to be
a ])er<onal frien<] of Mr. lleek>h.T or Mv. Be*]-
f(»i'd or of one of the other members yon can hint
for visitor's ])ii\-ile!j'os and ]>robably irct tliem.
'Jdu'y ha\-e a eluhhou-e th.-re that tliey tliink
rather well ot'. Some l'olk<, pi'ohaMy enxdous.
call it the ''M
il! iona I rt
(^
1 ' '
nh :
w
hich i_<n't fair
since there aren't an\' more millii^naires beloiiL^:-
ini:* to it than helieiLT •<> t!;e Metropolitan in Xew
York.
A\dntor na\-r!i mW- i'-rlf "Tlie C]\v of a Ilum-
dred Lake>." (.^uile a pretty name, and doubt-
\\
238 LHT'S (;() TO FLoKlDA!
less rIoQorvpfl, altlpiUL:}; no on.' to tho writer's
knowledge has actual!}- couiittMl the lakes thore-
ab'»ut>. Manv nf th,. lak.-s are C(Minected bv
canals, an\-\^'a\'. wliicli would causf confusion to
one cnLTaircd in chcckini,^ llicni np. Those canals,
thouLrli. are certainJy clover contraptions, since
one may get into a launch and iro for fully fifty
miles throuirh ont' lake after another. Maybe one
can <h) thf whole hunilr^M} that way. Boatini^: is
a ]i()pular sport at Winter Ilaveii, and a new
cluhhnus.' on I.ak'' I'doise will, when completed,
mak'f it more so. Tliey'\»' L'"<»nt' in for spee(ld)()at
raeii.LT ^h'^Tf latoiv, an<k althouLrh some one is al-
wa}-.-» gelling dumpd into {\n' water, they keep
riirht at it. T\"int*r Ha\''n is a ir^od lookini^ citv
— bv thi< *;nn' vou'\-.' fallen to the fact tliat anv
plac' i:: Flori'la with more than three liundred
p'^rman.'-i.* rf-i'h'iits is a <aty — and is one of tlie
wiiie awake cumniunities of the Seeuic ITit^ldand.s.
Th'Tc are lots of o-rovo^ around and the fruit
is 8om'- of t]]e h.'-t rai<e(l in tlie state. Winter
Ilavei] };a< "Social Security" for its motto.
W}iat.\-.'r i^ mean-, th'- writer is certain that the
city i- li\-inL' up to it. As for inluibitants, it
lia^ 'ko"*' "f th'-m, and more, a w}K)le lot more,
are c\p(<*ted.
Lak'-lar;'! i- one of Poik ronnty's biir burcrs, and
po---il.'ly it- liiie.-l. With a })opulation of 17,000,
Lakeland is proud of her progress. Of conrsi;
I>oi)ulatioii isn't •■\-cr\-Miinir, but any one knows
THROUGH THE Rn)GE COUXTRY 239
that 17,nn() |)ei-sons — to say nothing of hundreds
of smart real estate men — aren't going to settle
down in a })lace unless that place has lots to ofTer.
And Lakeland has. Why, even its self-selected
nickname, "The City of Heart's Desire,'' proves
that. By this time you've probably concluded
that communities aloni^ the Ridge are inclined to
l)e a bit — is siuitimental the word? Or fanciful!
A bit fanciful in the matter of their selection of
nicknames or sloirans. But it isn't confined to
the Ridge, that failing. It's all over the state.
There's somi'thinir about Pdorida that makes you
just a trifle romantic. Lakeland is a well-ar-
ranged city, well paved, tilled with a multitude of
comfortable, generally handsome and freipiently
imi)osing residences, suppliiMi with about all the
conveniences looked for in much larger communi-
ties and on the way to becoming a i)Ower among
Florida cities. She has, by the way, exceptionally
good hotels.
The hii^diway turns eastward now% passing Au-
burndale and Lake Alfred and several other at-
tractive towns that are set down l\v the shores
of the lakes and fairly embcnvered in orange trees,
and leads to Haines City, a fast-growing com-
munity of slightly over 2,000 persons recognized
as one of the healthiest spots in the state. Its
elevation is 2'_M feet. The traveler cuts across
the nortliwest corner of Osceola C(Uinty on his
way to Kissimmet', that town with the famous,
240
T.KT'S; no TO FT/)KII)A1
Tr;^i'li-puiined-on Tiamo farront on tlio '^<i^l/'
please). K's-ininifr isn't >iti]at*Ml on Lake Kis-
simmtH', as cvtry oiif knows it shouhl he, and tlm
kirgr IxMjy dt' wat»T ynn.dcr is, instead, Lake
TohopekaiJLM, which is much nK)ro diffHnilt in say
than Ki- = ininn'c. A clean, mncli alivt^ town — that
is, city — of jn-t n!id»T 4,000, KissimnuM^ is tlio
shippinir [xjint for a larL^' territory dovotcd to
citrii- fruits and hanana culture and tlic p:rowint^
of truck and general crop<. TImtc arc larire
pa'-kincr houses h^rf. T.akc ToliopckaliLra is a
fine body of wat^r iiit»rs|H'r>tMl with numerous
islands. Connection with Lake Kissimmee is
made hy canals, and, from tlcre naviiration is ])0s-
sible all the way to Lake Okechohiee and thence
to tht' AMardic or the Lnilf. K\-t'ntually water
commumcatioii will h.- s«'cur«'(l to tlif St. Jolm's
River, wht-n I\i--irnmf'' will occu|)y a unique po-
bitiun on an inland waterway rt'achinir from Jack-
sonville the entire length of thf pt-ninsula to
Fort Mvers. Thi< ci*\' ]ja< a r<'markahle future.
Which, ho\\> \->r, is not to say that slie isn't en-
joying an excellent, pio.-jterou- pre^fut.
Orlando h^ a place of 'Ji'.non irdiahitants, a city
CO wr]] and favorabl}' known that it is scarcely
necessar} *o -pf^ak o^' it la-r't' at any IcriLrth. Tt
fullv deserves the nanc' ot" "Lh<' (itv Heauti-
ful," lying as it doc^ in th*- mid<t <t\' many lakfs,
with its well-shadt'd btreeth, its hand-ornc Imild
ings ar.d rf-id'Ji'.-^ and its lovely parks. Any
THROrOll THE RIDOE COUXTin^ 241
one happeninir into Orlando on a midwdnter
morninir miLrht sui)pose that Ic had inad\'ert<'ntly
wandered t'rom his course and reached Cleveland
or some other nu trop)olitan city. ( Thi> is in-
tended as a compliment to both (develand and
()rlan(]o.) Orlando lias several modern transient
hotels, several large and W(^ll-arranired a])artment
hotels and accommodations of the humbler sort
for its visitors. And the \dsitors kiiow it and go
there. Orlando is a much-visited jdace, wdiich,
since it is on tln^ wav to ])racticallv evervwhere,
is not surprising. But it isn't just a I'csort cdty,
for it has a large and Lrrowdm: commerce juid
is a manufacturinir titwn of some importance. It
is the outlet for an extremely prosperous farm-
ing and fruit country, and nearly threc-ipiarters
of the state's (dtrus crop is marketed thi'ouirh con-
cerns wdth head(piarters there. At present (Or-
lando is enjo\ inii: its shai'c of tln^ Florida "boom''
and ]nishinir out rapidly in all directions.
Winter Park, not fai' away, is called "The City
of Homes," and has lots o\^ tlnnn. L also has
l\ollins Oolle^-e, beautiful streets shaded with
mossdi-aped li\-e oaks, its attractive' lake and an
air of Welcome (piite its own. A number r>\' per-
sons who su])posedly know what thry are doing
ha\'e chosen Winter Pai'k for season or perma-
nent residence. A\'ise folks are tie}'.
Sanfoi'd is callrd but never mind. Lei's fo!-i::e t
the sloL^ans. li'> a tine citv of 7,i>oO inhabitants
1,-
t
' t
• !
!
t i
242
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
\
{ilai'rd in a farmiiiir community second to none
in the state for arhievements. Sanford is the
Oelery Center (»f the South. (If one couhl sj)ell
it Selery St-nter it would look much better.) It is
on Lake Monroe, one of the larirc lakes of the St.
John's Kiver, and so has the advantatre of water
transportation f()r its iroods. Five years a^o its
citizens numl)ere(I h-^s than 2,OoO. Li four vears
its population increased ei^i^dity-six per cent, its
assessed valuation 121 per cent and its bank de-
}tosits 4^ [)*'r cent. So, you see, Sanford is wluit
may w.-ll be called a errowinu: and substantial
community. B.inLr a deep-water port has a i:()od
deal tn (jo with tic city's prosperity, for sliips
may conn' to its docks from all over tln^ world in
spitf- of tie- fact that it lies twenty-five miles
awa}- from the oeran. Seminole ('ounty, of which
Sanfurd i^ the S'-at, is sharing the city's pros-
perity.
Mount Dora, Tavares, Eustis, all li<' on the road
to tho u'e-t and north, attractive residence towns
nmoh'^-l tie- lakt'.- (>\' Lake (^'ounty. Mr. Water-
man mak»-s some of his pen points at Eustis.
Lives t!]'-n-, too. L•M^^hurL^ farther west, is a
jjlaee of o/jOU residents jvintr between Lakes
(irinin and Harris, aboJit midway between o(M'aii
arid irulf. \\ is a fjh-asant city, well liked as a
wintt-r rt>idt'ji''f hy man}' from tie- eolder parts
of tlie country and }orL.nn^' ahead rapi<lly. '
Ocaia, in Marion Coutity, is in the hunting
TIIROFGII THE RIDGE COUNTRY 24
grounds of Chief Osceola. At Old Fort King,
which stood some two miles distant from the site
of the present city, Osceola playfully murdered
General Thompson. Hereabouts, too, roamed the
Spaniards, and the ^'Ocali'' mentioned as one of
De Soto's camping spots gave its name to the
city which has grow^n up near by. Ocala lies in a
beautiful country, with the famous Ocklawaha
River handy and the equally famous source of
that stream. Silver Springs, only five and a half
miles distant. Lovelv drives extend in many di-
rections. The city contains 6,721 inhabitants and
is one of the worth-while communities of tlie state,
with many miles of excellent paved streets, mod-
ern public buildini^s, fine homes and a nice at-
mosphere of comfort and contentment.
Gainesville is a real citv beautiful to tHe
writer's tliinking, no matter how many other
places claim the title. It is old enough to have
grown beautiful slowly, and tlie beauty that Time
lends lias a distinction of its owil No gardens
in till' state are fairer than those of Gainesville,
and no broad avenues and streets are more won-
(liTfully sluided. There's a homelike air about
the jilace tliat wins the \'isitor at once, and, al-
though frosts are far from unknown there,
Gainesville has its own clientele of winter so-
journers wlio wouldn't trade its sunny briskness
for all the languorous mildness [^^ the farther
south resorts. Tlu' citv is the hub o( numerous
o
44
'i '
LET'S Oo TO FLORIDA !
highway spnkos along whlrh otio may l:<, In at
least six dilTerent direction.^. It is \hv srat .if
A].u'lii:a Coiii.-y a:..] lias 8.400 iiilialiitants ; and
this <]n.'^u\ ihrluLiu tliu young g.-mlcrnen of the
^taif University located thoro. By all means s^o
the Uniyersih' campuN vi>it thr huildin.irs and
don't miss tlic .Mii-'un]. It's wry much wortli
wliilt'.
Fr-ni Gainu5vi!h--~!liom:rh don't Imrry otT— "
your way lies to Stark.., an-l t^mni tla^rt- to Bahl-
win, where you connect wl^h tla- Dixi.' 0\a'rlan.l
Highway— State Road XunilMi- Ll-that takus
yu— safely, it is h-^cd— into Jacksonville.
rn AFTER xviri
DOWN THE KAST COAST
Ff.rnaxdixa is tilt' Kastport, ^faino, of Florida.
Xct, of courso, that it specializes in lioilinir
herrinir fry in oil and so turninir out ''sardines,"
hut, lik(^ Fastport, it is tucked away in a remote
corner of tlie state, and tlie ti(h' of travel flows
past ratlier tluu] to. And. like Fastport, it is an
interesting; and ])i('tur.\«jU(^ place, and worth the
side trip necessary to reaeli it.
VouM never suspect, vicwin.u^ P^ernandina to-
day, tlnd it was once a vastly imjiortant seaport,
hut ])ack in 1^12 and thereah.uits it was made a
neutral poid ])y tln^ Fmhariro Act, and, durinir war
tim(\ its excellent natural ]iar])or was a< full of
v(^ssels as a (liristmas ])U(hlinir of raisins. To-
<hiy it leads a far quieter life, althouirh it is by no
means a (h'ad town. Tt still lias a considera])le
mai-itime tra<]e and stands na\-al stores and lum-
her and ])hosphate u|) tln^ cinist an<I over the seas.
To-day's po])ulation in :\01S. D Inis its own
clientele of winter visitors, and nuiiiy of the
near hy islands ai-e piawitely owned. On Oum-
hcrland Island, close hy. stoo,] thi> liome of Colo-
nel Xathaniel (Jreene, of the Oontinental Armv,
presented to him i)y the state of Georgia. It is
■-'13
/;
/
240
LET'S GU TO FLOIUDA!
now tht' iiroprrty of tlu' Canit'irit' family. From
Frriiandiiia fxcursions by buat amoiiLrst the Sea
Ic^lands are i)]ea?ant expcrionros. Fernaiidina's
winter rlimair is healthful and no more chill than
that of east coast towns many miles to the south.
rTack>onvilit', tlir (Jateway of Florida, is like-
^vi^r its m^'tropolis, in spite of the lu'st eiTorts of
Tampa a'.d Miami, its chief comnK^cial city and
its principal railroad center. It also claims the
dh-tinctinri of hoiiiLT the farthest west of all At-
lantif I'orts, lu-iuLT |)racticany <liie south of Cleve-
land, ( >}iio. Still, whether a city may rit^ditfully
r'all its*']f a seaj)ort wli^n it li»'s twenty-five miles
inland by river is at least a subj<'ct for debate.
Its fir^t s^'ttlement wa.^ about l^U), but it was not
incorjioratt'd until 1^:].'!. It was, of course, named
lur Tn-neral Jaekson. It experiencrd ratlier a
hoctic exi>tence durin^^ the Civil War, since tlie
^'♦Mh-ral force's, wht-n not otherwise eniraKcd, in-
variably went and Cca]-)tur<'d Jacksonville. One
eari imagine the T'nion treneral [)ushini!: Iiis coffe(»
cup away at the breakfast table, stretcliin.u: and
a-kinL'': "\VfI], boys, what's on the tapis for to-
day?" ''Not a thinir, General." ''Zat so? Well,
]>('{u^r tro down and take Jacksonville, T ^Miess.
Woti't <io to h,-t those folks think we're nei^dect-
inLT '<^m."
About the only fhint'' of real note happeninpr
to Ja''k^or:'vi!J<- from t}jo time tin- Fnion colored
troop- burned and l(jote(l it (ni their way out in
DOWN THE FAST CoAST
24:
'G3 to more r.M'ont }ears was the biir ilre of 1901,
which cost the city about $15,000,0n(). Even that
was ratlier a blossinLr in disiruise, since it gave
an o|)poi-tunity to I'obuild in the ])roper way.
'To-day Jacksonville is a tine, clean city, which it
wasn't before the conllagraticui, and well worthy
its post of commercial capital. The majority of
persons etiterinir Florida make Jacksonville their
first stop, and whm they do they are likely to
receive a very good impression of the state.
Jacksonvilh' is well laid out, has liroad streets,
line })arks. liandsome buildinir<, attractive resi-
dences and many admiral-le hotels. Beimr fairlv
experienced a< a cit}-, it iro«\s about its duties
w\\h little lost Tuotion and im]»resses the stransrer
as beinn- Well go\-ei'nt'd. Jacksonville acts as a
clearinir house for the re-t of the slate, supplies
information to iinjuirini: travehu's and sets them
on their way airain \\\\]\ c(Mirte<y and crood-will.
nt course a \'ery considerabl*^ number who reach
the city don't go on. Why should they? Jack-
son\i!le offers about eveT->-thinir that any other
I'dorida comnninii}- can of'fer, with the (exception
of the warmer climate in winter. Xot tliat Jack-
sonxdhe's \\inters are anxthinLr to strike fear into
the heart of the Xoi-therner, however, for while
she may and does ha\e some nippy days, the sun
iroes on smilinir mo-t ot' tht> time and a little cold
doesn't do worse than .set one up. Resides, it
kills the insects I One naturalh isn't irreailv
m
24S
LET'S (JO TO P^LOHIDAI
trruihltN] jiv insects in Jacksonvillr, luit tlu^ point
occurred \n the writer and he threw it in. Many
attractive residence sections, both insidr- the city
pro[uT anjl on tlie outskirts, otTer themselves to
the hnnit'-hnilder, wliile, if the intendinu: resid(Mit
craves the oeran, h(' may take his ]>ick of several
fine developrnt-nts al'niir tlie shore. As a ^irateway
Jacksonville's titlf is secure. An avt-raire of more
than fiV.' t;.on>a!id, autnmohilrs, containinii: ei,trht-
een tiiousaiid pas-^-neers, enter the city by the
►St .Tolin's Iiiv.'r Itridirt' (hiily.
Thf/ ci*y i> a popuhir resort for winterint^
Xurth*-rners, and for such supplies severrd hotels
whi'h >pe('ializ'' on sea>on or monthly rates. In
tlie way of rtMT^at ioii Jacksonvilh' has about all
there is. Her e-o]f courses ha\'e been referred to
elsewhere. A number of irood theaters sup])ly a
program of drarnanc, mu-ieal and mo\-inL^ picture
attractions. Band cniic<>rts in Iffinminir l^irk are
heM daily. The stores ai-e rather Ijetter than
mitrht be eyppcfr-d af^'T <'X}>M'iences in other
s'tutht'rii cities, a'.d pri<'('S, probably because
Jackson\-i'b- m^r^'liarit < arc c,\t'mi)t from tin'
ht-avy fr••iL^'/. tolls exacted of dealers farther
south and west, arc reasonable.
Jacksonville's population increases at a steady
and le-.dM.'V pa«-c. In ]'r2\) it was a})out 91,000.
In ]U'2'i 'r was !^'>,4oO. If ibe city carri<'S out its
exprt-^-'d [njrp«>.^< of takin<r in adjacent territory
the rj-0 tj^'-ure \sill }m- ab(jut 40,000 larger. Jack-
DOWX THH EAST COAST
249
sonville is the larirest naval stores port and ship-
pini: point in tic world. Its total exports in 1924
were .^7,7(i2,r)9:^ in value; its imports $7,448,831.
It is a manufacturinir place of importance, with
more than four hundred plants turnin.^ out a
product valin-d at close to $100,000,000. The
city's industrial pay roll is about $20,000,000 an-
nually. Duval County, of which Jacksonville is
the s<\'it, is one of the most prosperous in the
stale.
Leavinir Jacksonville — recrret fully, perhaps —
one starts soutliward on what is the longest shore
drive in the world, almost 420 miles in lenirth.
One may sto}) practically anywhere alonir the way
and be certain of comfortable accommodations,
excellent sea bathinir and a deliditful climate.
Oh, other thinirs, too, but these come first to mind.
The dauLrer in stoppimr before you have reached
the (Mid of tlh' route, thouirh, li(\-^ in the possibilitv
that }-ou'll like the pause so well that vou won't
,iro on! Any otie of tifty spots alonir Florida's
^rold aiiddilue east coast mi^rht well hold vou
capti\c. \\diy, the writer knows a man who
started six \-cars airo to i^et to a certain place
<lo\vn in Palm l^each (\ninty--I won't mention its
name since it doesn't iuhmI the advertisins: — and
made the mi^taki--df it was a mistake; he thinks
Hot of spendini:- the niirht in St. Auirustine.
He's f)cen sj)endinLr tlie nii::ht there ever since.
But St. Augustine certainly has a charm that's
250 LET'S (iO TO FLoKlDA!
liard to rosi^t. It's such a drliirhtiul miiidini: of
the aiicifnt aii'l \\ir morlfrn, of i!i»- (iuaiiit and the
pr;U'i!>'al ; .-'
1 a w-h'l.'ii'ul {)laro to h)af in and
such a tinr phicf to ho rnorirotic and np-an(hdoing
in. And. of o-.ur.-o, it's ju>t ahont as lovely a
town a- all Florida can show. And then— for,
after all, tlioro ai'o a fow of lis old fo<z:ies left
wTiii don't crax-*- heing crowdrd an<l pii-hed and
walked on .'Vci'v niinnte— it's small (MKMmdi, witli
its 1U,UUU iuhahitant-. to all<»w ilio visitor room
to stretcli h,i= arni>. I'nt Si. Auirn-iino kee|)s on
irrowinir ainl add- a thou>and or so ovory year,
and ><), i^r^'Uv -Dnn, wli^n tho writer wants to
stretch la- will doiikl'.r-- hax'e to i:.» farther.
Tn case you've forgutteu it aftt-r hearinir it all
vonr lifr'. St. Anirii-tiTiP is the oldest city in the
I'nitod Stat'-. < Mm' alway- ha- tn h.-Ldn any sort
of an aecouiit of th^' ]»laco with that statement.
IlaviiiL: it off his clir.^t. tic wriirr may <ro on to
remark that St. AriLrn.^tine continairs to look tlie
])art owiriL-- to tla- v:\vr con-n and urood .indL^m»Mit
of H.'iirv M. Fla-h/r. What would ha]»pt'n to St.
Auirii>tine to-dav if one oi" ■■^uv mn,ha-n (h'Vt'lo|)ers
got liold of her in the oondliinn in whieh Flairlor
fonnd lie]- !^ something to make o!ie shnd<ler. The
citv dates ba«'k U) lo^o, wheMi Feiiro Menendez
de A\!!''- — Menendez to his fi'ifiids — defeated
Jean Iiihant's fleet for the irlniy of (iod an<l set-
tled dow!; (C: the site of the present city to start
;i Xrw World colony for the King of S{)ain.
O
INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE
250
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
hard to resist. It's such a delightful mingling of
the ancient and the modern, of the quaint and the
practical; such a ^vonderful place to loaf in and
such a fine place to be energetic and up-and-doing
in. And, of course, it's just about as lovely a
town as all Florida can show. And then— for,
after all, there are a few of us old fogies left
who don't crave being crowded and pushrl :vm\
walked on every minute — it's small enough, with
its 10,000 inhabitants, to allow^ the visitor room
to stretch his arms. But St. Augustine keeps on
growing and adds a thousand or so every year,
and so, pretty soon, when the writer wants to
stretch he will doubtless have to go farther.
In case you've forgotten it after hearing it all
your life, St. Augustine is the oldest city in the
United States. One always has to begin any sort
of an account of the place with that statement.
Having it oiT his chest, the writer may go on to
remark that St. Augustine continues to look the
part owing to the rare sense and good judgni* iit
of Henry M. Flagler. What would happen to St.
Augustine to-day if one of our modern developers
got hold of her in the condition in which Flagler
found her is something to make one shuddoi-. The
city dates back to 1565, when Pedro Menenduz
de^ Avilos— ^lenendez to his friends— defeated
Jean Ribaut's fleet for the glory of God and set-
tled down on the site of the present city to start
a New World colony for the King of Spain.
y,
v.
f.
DOWN TIIK KAST ('OAST
251
^h'i!('ii(I('Z liad Ills troubit'S, Imt \ho colony }
roiitiiiued 1.) \\i]< (|;iv. Tl i< likrjv tliat if 1
las
10 came
(^oiirsG
l)a('k now he wonUn'l kii..w thr i-laoo! Of
lio nuixhi roooirnizo an aiiciont landmark here and
tliore: the old ])it of tbo city wall that is left, the
ancient house in which the monks lived; but that's
about all. Perhaps, thouirh, lie wouldn't feel h
im-
self
quite a stramrei', for there's the Hotel Al-
cazar looking a little bit like the Alhambra of
1
lis own countrv, and tln^ ]'onc(^ d.' Lt'on
;o un-
mistakably S|)anishAIooi'ish in stvle and col
or
mg. And ho wonld Ibid oil
ler sug^restions, if no
more, of the old St. Auiru-tine he rnh*d over.
Even if this were a uniide book, which it isn%
and had twice as much sjnice as it has, there
wouldn't lie a bit of sense in ti'vinir to set d
here all the things and ])laces to 1
own
>e seen m anc
1
about the ancient citv. There are far t
of tl
lem,
Besides, there are rnnuer
00 many
ous volumes
devoted to the subject and readily ol>tainable in
the town. Only, pleast^ don't ti'avel tlirou2:li with-
ou
t a stop, and please don't stop without doi
ng
the city justice in tln^ way of si<rht-seei]]£r. Of
course it isn't necessary to stav tlicu^e if vou're
bound elsewhere, but the writer will sutT
er no
pan
(r.
:f
s 01 i'em()i">e it von do
Soutl
iwai"
1 h
o
But h
er(
a cl:
:f
nice oi a side-
h
trip worth the makiinr. Turn wi'stward at Ilast
ii
-or 1:
It
iiigs, wnere tlu^ wlnt** ])otato vmes-
j)lants? — stretch for acres and acres on everv
252
LET'S G(^ TO FLOPvTDA!
side, cross tlir' St. Jolm's Riv.T airain htkI ^^'o
Palatka. "Tli.' In.lnstrial City" they arc callin-
her nuw, lail tlc' writer knew lirr ^v]H■Il! lie liked
hor '^wlieii," too. F<)lk< went there in numbers
in the old days \vlu'n Palatka wa< tie- outpost
of eivilizatioii — nearly — and took adventurous
steamrrs np the rivrr, writinir tli^'ir wills bet'ore-
hami and biddinir ti^arful far.'Wrlls to travelinc:
acquaintancos. h>ut some stayt-il riLrht there and
grew to lovf the <iui.'t old town and kept on eoiTi-
imr thert' year at'tt'i" y^ar, or el.<e l^)rLrot to iro
back North at all. All that was ])efore you had
to park your car at an anirle, thouirli.
Still I'alatka has rftaincd many ot^ her former
virtUi'S in spite of tie' march i^i^ 1^-oirrt'ss, and tln^
river still tlows lazil>' ])a-t Icr front door and tle^
frairranee of ^uiet L'ardfn^ does its bc<t to make
amends for the -'pund od'>r" from the wat(T. Of
course when, vou've boori in Palatka a day or two
voti don't know anythinLT about that tlat. ])rackish
smell, but jii^t at tir.<t it's a bit cloyin.ir. A <]eeper
chann^'l to her wharvt'< and n^w >tatt> hii^hways
are amoiiL^ the bh\ssings expected from tlie near
futurt\ and I'alatka i- on the way to rreoirnition
as wliat >h>' plt'a<''< \n nann- le-rsflf, "The In-
dustrial ('it v." ( )h, \y>'\]. porehan<'<' it's all for
the Ijcst. < Mit' can't w.-ir ronipei-^ forover. Ono
ha? to either irrow up or die. And l^alatka liaa
no inten.tion r^f dyinir.
Southwai'd, on Xnmbrr n Hiirhwav, tlirough
DOAVX THE EAST COAST
253
i'omona, Seville and Dtd.t'on Springs, takes yon
to De Land, one of the state's loveliest inland
cities. De Land is reallv a community of homes,
and the nicest sort of liomes, too. Stetson Uni-
versity is liere, lending a pleasant intellectual
tone to the ]>lace. Do Land has a population
sliijrhtly short of (hOOO, \vhich is just about right
for a residential city. But the population very
nearly doubled dnrinir a recent five-year period,
for folks are finding out wdiat a wholly charming
])lace it is, and so what is just about right isn't
goinir to stay right long. However, the writer
will trust De Lan.d to be just as nice when she has
twenty thousand as she is to-day with her six.
P>om De Land a twenty-three-mile run brings
the traveler to Davtona Beach, Davtona Beach
that was just recently three places instead of
one. Xoi'thward a few miles, missed by reason
of your inland route, is Ormond Beach, a resi-
dence and hoti'l colony whicli has the distinction
of having John D. Rockefeller as a winter citizen.
^Ir. Rockefeller's home, *'The Casements," is a
sightly but unornate dwelling situated conven-
iently close to the l)ig hotel. Probably Mr. Rocke-
feller's cooks have a wav of leaving suddenly,
like other folks', in wdiich case he has onlv to cross
the street for his meals. A few blocks to the east
lies the Lfolf course which is the scene of his
fa\-oi-ite diversion. Th'yond the links stretches
the far-famed r)rmond-Daytona Beach, where
o-
2-) 4
LET'S no TO FLOhMDA!
tilure are no motor cops and where on a smooth,
dustless, hard but springy course of twrrit\ li\.'
miles the speed maniac may ^'step on if to his
1' art's content. On this speedway, I'loiii live
Iriiihii-r.i to a thousand feet wide, \uur foot inav
\ be as heavy as lead on the accelerator an<l no
^ sign says ymi r.ny. Thrrr miles a miniilr has
been made here, and the end is not yet.
1 It is her really beaut i In 1 I'osidenees tliat make
DaN'tona Beach so emincnllv attract ivo. Tliose
nnd a goodly number of oxr^olloTit liottU. 1'ho
Halifax T\i\f]' runs along li^r irai-'hii \vall, so
to -|M ak, but similar bodies oi' wat. i- do tjic samo
I'l- various other towns up and d.uwn the coa-t,
and many of them lack JJaytona's appeal. Soino
thirty fn forty tliousand ppr-nTi= ?ppnd their win-
teis hi. r-' and seem to enjoy doini: it. Iditrt^ are
sii|).'i-h motor roads around, finf ti-hinL^ (h'liirht-
ful -aiiing ani.] hoating and plonty of hiintinir if
one will go afield hut a shuri distance. Captain
riark"- oighteen-hole golf ronr=p is ono of tlio
best along the coast. Of coiu-^r it isn't roally his;
it belongs to the Pa^'oiia (Jolf and Country Chih;
but the Captain i^ the deus ex luatlrna. Thrro
is a second course of eighteen holes over in the
Seahroeze section of New and (Jrcator Daytona
Beach. ])Osides. Sometliim:: deserves to ho said
(•f Th'' trees and tiiO gardens, lait tlie writer is
enlirel}' out ul adjectives. lli> ad\'ie'' is do and
SOP for vonrself. Tf von do iro, ti'v and find the
DOAVX TIIK EAST COAST
255
time U)V a trip hy hoat up tlie tropicaldooking
■J'nmnka Iiiver.
When you reach New Smyrna you are on his-
toric iri-ound, even though the lii^tory dates back
only to the seventeenth century. A local his-
torian, John Y. Detwihu-. contends that his town
was settled before St. Augustine, and has col-
lected mucli (hda to prove tlie contention. If
Mr. Detwiltu- is cori'ect the beginning of New
Smyriui's history must I)p sot back another cen-
tury. It was to Xrw Smyrna that Dr. Andrew
Turnliulh an Kmrlish physiciaTi, brought his col-
ony of Creeks for the cultivation of indigo. With
Sir AVilliam Duncan, he secured a grant of 60,000
acres of hdorida land and su])sequently expended
well over a liundr.M] and fifty tliousand dollars
on tht' venture. Drainaire canals were built —
these slid exist — ilie tifteon hundred emigrants
Were lioused and the work of cultivation was
started. All went well for a time, and bv 1772
some thi-ee thou-uiid acres had produced a crop
vahu"(l at ov.-r lifteen thousand doHars. But the
promises mad«^ to tlie settlers were not kept, dis-
satisfaction at first and then open rebellion en-
sued and tlu' Venture ended in disaster. Turn-
l)uirs treatment of the emigrants has been pic-
turci] as crut'l and evim inhuman, as perhaps it
was. Do\ve\er, lii'- side of tlie story is less well
known than the otlhr, and he may have had much
])ro\-oeat inn. lie \\a.< a hiirhl}- respected citizen.
t\
256
LKT'S GO TO FLORIDA!
/
a nh'nilicr of th-' ("oloiiial Privy Coiinoil and wa^
even coii^idcrffl for L^()\-t'rii(-)r. At tlie outlircak
of the K('\-(>lution h.' cast his l(^t with the roloiiies,
th'Trby forffitiiii: hi- estates. A son, Robert J.
Turiibull, was horn at Xmv Smyrna and later
practired hiw in Charh'ston, S. C. lie was widely
known as a |H)]itit'al writer and was a stronij:
"Xullificati'in" advocate. A monument to his
memory stands in that city. Descendants of An-
drew Tnrr.hull are numerous throuirhout Florida
and tilt' South and many have served with dis-
tinction in the legislatures and at the Bar. After
the collapse of the Xrw Smyrna colony the re-
maininir emiirrants were allotted lands in St. Aii^
irustine, from where they sf)read in time to sev-
eral other localities in the state. In the Civil War
Xew SmyrTia had tlie distinction of bein.c: de-
stroyed quite com|)letely by Union crunboats in
the etTort to discouraire the blockade runners.
Tlie remains of the Spanish Mission, situated
a f<nv miles from the present town, are wortH
seeini:, althouirh litth^ is standinc: to-day. Tradi-
tion says that the mission was used as a sup^ar
mill durinLT the eiirhteenth century. Relics of the
Turnbull colony are to be s(mui in the form of an
old stone jt-tty l)y the river and "Turnbull's Cas-
tle," the ruins of what was presumal)ly a Span-
ish fort. At pr«^srnt Xew Smyrna is a y)rosper-
ous an<l Lrruwini: communitv of 4,300 inhabitants.
CHAPTER XIX
DOWN THE FAST COAST iCoTKluded)
The Indian River bep:ins at X\>w Smyrna and
keeps the travider company all the way dowm the
coast to just abovr P'ort Pierce, past Titusville
and Cocoa and Rockledsre and Melbourne and
Vero and dozens of other pleasant, attractive
places, each with its bridcre across the water and
its palm-frinired beach beyond. YouVe ^ot to
hand it to the east coast for beaches. Indeed,
it's practically one lone: beach, from the famous
Pablo, where all Jacksonville disports in the surf,
down to Coconut Grove, below Miami. A wonder-
ful coast in all ways, this, enjoyed alike by the
rich and the poor and the in-betweens. The' Gulf
Stream flows not far away, and its warmer waters
make bathing a pleasure all through the winter
months.
Fort Pierce is an interesting town of some
3,300 persons, the junction of the East Coast
Highway and the cross-state road to Arcadia and
Bradenton and a fishing place of importance.
The settlement dates back to Seminole War days,
and th(^ Seminole Indian is still to be j^limpsed
there, although he now comes on a peaceful er-
257
•2jS
LET'S GU TO FTmIMDA!
V I
rami. The accompanying ribbon of water at your
k'ft i> ii"W Si. Lucie Sound, and a fe\\ mihs far-
ther alung is the little luwn of LJon, not so illy
nam^d, oither. ^vliere some fiftv vonr<=: niro rapt a in
Thoma< E. Tvichai'iL, of \>-\vark, X. J., sdtlrd
down to LrT-()\V pi!..';i]i|
I i »
1
( I
W the \\'OI'ld
\
' that tla' I'niii rould I'o grown (••.niinrrcially with
profit. He succeeded and became iairly wealthy,
altliouL'h his efforts to populnrizo n -p'M-itic fni- tlio
curt' of iijIiLTestion, madt- I'mm pin»'ap]»h:^ juieo,
du£r into his earnings. The Cap'ain had a very
comfortablu home and wa:; noted I'ur his ho<pi-
tah'y; was. in fact, what in thoso days folks
calh-d '■;! character." That hi- faitli in thf pino-
apph' a- a connnercial crop wa- not nii-taln-n was
lat»/r prM\-«Mi hy the extensi\--' ]»hintat ioiis around
the shores uf ihu Si. Luciu Iiiwu" where, near
Jensen, tho crop has become wf^ll estahli>li(Mh
Stuart, r^aehed after crossing the St. Lucie Kivcr
hy hridu''*'. u---d to h.- pat I'oiiizod ])y President
Oevehind \^hen h
t • ( '( I
uldi: 't ti-h iii Hii//ard< Thiv.
Here begins the Si. Lueie Canal, the main con-
trol canal of the Ever^lad*'- drninairc ju-oject.
Wlien conipieted it will ha\-e a hottoni width of
140 f.'c^ a *op wi'hli of iM'i feet and. h\' a <>--teni
of luck-, w"!l inair.'aia a d'-plh of twelve feet
of water. Although Stuart is a goof] eleven miles
inland, vessels drawing as much as t< n feet will
be able to rea h her docks when the canal is
opened fur tralhc. This ualerway uill f(jrm the
rOA\N TllK LAST COAST
259
final link of an almost straight route across lower
Morida from hkoM Alyers by way of Okechobee
and IIic})ocliee Lakes and the Caloosahatchee
Kiver. Stuart is getting ready for things to hap-
pen.
Present Iv another arm of the sea iuts in in
the shape of Jupitei- l'i\-e]'. Jupiter Light is
in siirht at the let't, toiretlier with the wireless
antl cahle -lation. Here is the >cene of Constance
Fenimore AVoolson's novel of Florida life, "Jupi-
ter Liirlits,'' written some time airo hut still well
woiili readinir if for only tla^ atmosphere the
writer creates. For a time the ocean looks after
the shore itself, instead of de]jutizin£r a subordi-
nate body of water to the task, hut it presently
tir(\s and Lake \\h>rth goes on duty. And with
Lake AVoi'th come tln^ Palm Beaches, the two
conmiunities separated hy a narrow ribbon of
blue water.
Palm Ih-ach is much too well known to demand
description here. The city has a ])r»\<ent ])opu-
lation of o\-.-r LhooO and tlie Ix^acli of 1,100.
A\'e>t Ihalm Ih'aeli is a hustlinir, thriving place
with hai'd-surfaced or pa\ed streets, g<^(Ml iu\t-
ural drainaire ami most of tiie factors desirable
in a re-ideiicc oi' hn-iness connnunity. AVest
Palm Leach cater^ to the thinner ])urse, while
her somewhat more' JiauLdily sh>ter acia\<s the
watei" like< I hem halging. As a market town for
the innnen.^e and fertile liack reirion of Palm
\
2f^n
LP:T'S go to FLORIDA!
lM-a''!i Ouuntv tilt' cjtv will, since the mmplction
of the Wp>t Palm l^each Oaiial, soon have lier
han.i^ full.
Xatiirr first, Art lattT, have mado Palm B^'aeh
a rrally magTiithviit ph'asurt' resort. Nature sup-
pli*Ml the foiiiiiiatioiis ; a tine soft climate, a
str*'tch of (T»'amy-\vliitt' sand waslied V)y the ocean
\va\»'s on niit' sido and hivfd by thf (piiet waters
I'f Lakt' AVortli on tie- other, a liazy hhie sky
above. Art took h«>ld and, with AVt^alth oj)enin^<^
her mnn-'y-hae. sii|iplifd tlic rost : hotels, estates,
rasinn-, pools, smooth l)ouh'vards and paths,
country club- and c:(»lf oonrsrs. Flairler had his
vi-ion, but it i> <]onbtfiil if It encompasst'd all the
mar\-»'l- and beaulit-s of tli»' Palm I^cadi of to-
da}-. Xow}]ore olse in the state has tie- landsca[)e
artist ye* pfrfornifd bis work >o well. Xowhere
are the po>-ibili!b'- of Flori<]a's tropical })lants
so well sliow!;. H'Te ar*' the sprcadinu-, scarlet-
blo^.-5umed po!!!r'ia!;a. thf \'i\'!d poinsettia, tlie
vari-hued bibi-cn-., tb^ croton ef a hundred
shades and pa^^T!-. tbr travel.T's trre, tbe Hoyal
and cocoanut [lalm, tla- tlaminir biLrnonia, tbe soft-
bbe- pa^-ad:-" \-i!..'. t!a' pnrpb' liouirainxdlla'a and
the rr]u\-(']i. tbt' rose of many colors and a score
nf o'b.-r d'-liLrlit- to i]i>- ^>-]i<r<. A tlttint^^ scem^
f"^ *'-'■ >'-;ir!;.- paL'rant of wt-altli and luxury
which fills tb'- rno':,t,,r }M.t.'l< to ovfrflowinir, jams
the ^bop-, ibb-5 the dan'-inL-" iloor of tbe Coconut
(iro-..- and «prink]op th.- bitr lairoon with white
DOWN THE FAST COAST
2G1
and ^old and maliogany pleasure craft. Palm
"Reach is pef-haps tlie most famous winter resort
in th(^ world to-dav, and she well merits her fame.
Delray succeeds Palm Beach on the southern
journey, facimr the ocean about midway between
the resort and Fort Lauderdale. Here is excel-
lent huntinir and fishini^: territory for the sports-
man and fine citrus and farming land for the
settler. Proximitv to the Gulf Stream, hardlv
three miles offshore, and the numerous lakes to
the westward give Delray a particularly fortu-
nate climate as regards the possibility of frost.
T)(drav has ab)out LoOO inhabitants and is a l)usv
8hi])ping ])oint for pineapples, citrus fruits, to-
matoes aTid other veiretables. The OuTf Stream
Golf (dub has a fine course along the ocean front.
Yaraato is an interesting: towm bevond Dtdrav
where a successful effort to colonize with Japa-
nese has been made. "Many of the residents are
growinir not only American crops hut are trying
their skill with the vegetables of their native land.
FarthiT along is the Ilillsboro River, the beirin-
ning of tlu^ drainag(^ caiud of like name which
connects with Lake Okechobee. Not to be con-
fused with the Hillsborough River of the West
Goast. Another example of i^aucity of imairina-
tion in the naming of Florida lakes and rivers.
Fort Lauderdale is on tlu> Xew River. In fact,
it is astride it, for tlu^ rivt^r fiows rii^ht alonir "Nfain
Street, so to speak, through the heart of the city.
2G2 LET'S 00 TO FTOT^TPA!
Bt'low flic city til'-' rivr.r ]ia= a wirlth o\' 14i") fct't
and forms an idral aiiclioi-ai:'' I'or x-aOits. New
RivtT i>n"t liniLT, |M'rl;ai'- >ix iiiil-'S only, ])Ut it
makes up in drpl}!, lur in linic- pa^t the oviT-
flowinir waters from thf h^'frLrladr- liave cliis-
cltxl <lown tlio ImmI nint'ty f.M-t in ]>la(n's. Fort
Lau(it'r<!alt' has o,!;:!.') ]io|iuhitinn and an area in-
side corporal' limits of twmly ono sijuarc mih'S.
The real tro|)i(' secliun of Florida can fairly he
said to bririn here, and th^ climate is unusually
equable. It is an up andcomin.ir youmr city, with
much already accomp!i>lit'd and a d'-al more in
prospect. You will tiiid fine hu>iness huildini2:s
and many beautiful residence^:, excrllont streets
over most of the city, irood hotels ami an atmos-
phere of friendliness; the laU.r not the least of
a city's attracti<^n<. Fort Lauderdale is rapidly
becominir a favorite wintfi" and a!l-\'eai' I'esort.
Las Olas Reach, at the ctkI of a tine concrete
b)Oulevard. and in-idc th-' eity limits, is one of
the bhist Fi-a-t'.-- nm-t aM i-act !\-.- bathimr l»laces,
the trees forminL'" a t'rin'_rt' ot' welcome shade alomj;
the sands. The tarpon h^hlnL: is as irood hen*
as at any plaee on the Fast Coast, and the back
country snil abounds in irame. Tic irolfcr will
find a L''"0(i nhnc liob- course.
Hollyw(.od, abhoii'j-h a recent development, is
a thrivini: re>(jrt cijmmuni'y with an estimate(l
winter populatir)n of },UUU. Thore are, however,
manv all vear residents and the town makes
DOWN TllF FAST COAST
some claim alrea(|y as a liusin»\<s place. It has
many notable features desiirned foi- tlic comfort
and amusement (»f its residents and \-isitors.
Little KMvtT, at the northern end of Biscayne
Bay, is set down in a ])lace where the >oil, a rich
liammock loam, is particularly fertile and where
thinirs .irrow without beinir asked. There are said
to ])e more than L'oO kinds of palms in Florida,
and if there are they'i'e all irrowinir somewlu^re
or other in Little River. L' the traveler is inter-
este(l he will enjoy a visit to the estates of John
^oar and Professor Charles Torrey Simpson,
wliere tlie ]^alm tlourishes in perpleximr variety
and wonderful luxuriance. Professor Sim])S(ui
knows the southeim end of the peninsula and the
Florida Keys better, ])ei-ha])s, than any one else
alive and has written about them inter(\<tin£rly
and authoritatively in 'Mn Lower Florida Wilds"
and "Out of Doors in Florida." lie has an es-
tate of tifteen acres at Little Kiver on whieh he
lias experimented with hundreds of native and
introduced plants, includiiiLr ])alnis and orchids
and tr()j)ical fruits, lie has a collection .»t" up-
ward ot' 7."),()U0 specimens of s(^a, fresli water and
land shells, (^f tree snails alone tlic Prot'es<(M"
has some 0,00(1 specimens from h'lorida, the West
Indies and Honduras.
]\riami owes its ])rcsence on the map to Henry
M. hdairlei- and the comiuLT o\' the F.ast Coast
Railroad to the cdire of the juuLrle. Last ^priin:
2t4
LP:T'S cm to FLORIDA!
tht' "Mai:i<- <^i*>""' had a iiopiilat ion of ()9,000, a
prC'ttv fair u:ro\\th for a |i<ri()«l tti' thirty yoars.
Miami Beadi, arross Biscayiu- l^ay, an«l coinifctrd
bv causewav>, ha«l sliirhtlv ovr 'Jj^nO. Miami —
k't us lump I'Otli towTiS toirt'tlit^r undfr tlu' name
— i> v:,']] (loserviiiir (^^ the a.l.it'ctivi* "mai^ic."
Not only becauso sh*- lias accumulat'M] a ])t'rma-
neiit pnpiulatioTi ^>f the si/.t' stated but bi-cau-^e
she has m.a«]»' hrr>»'f in »'\'*'ry ^cusr a beautiful
aii<i wctL'b-rful city i:i a .^pace <»f time ridieulously
brief. Some clever uiairii'iaus workt'i] at her uu-
foldine, and yet nr. where else, the writer is per-
Fuad.vd, eou'd th-'ir IfLr^Tdemaiu liave ])ro(luee(]
sucdi a-toun'i::.L'- results a- in Fhu-ida. Florida
herself i= the Moliier of Magic, and no one realizes
it b-t*er than those ^vho liax-e practiced their
sleiL^ht of hand under her -'>\'' -ki--.
Miami, the citv, is not on]\- a nh-a^ure irrouud.
In faf'% fcLe i:^ beginning tu look a-kanee on mere
l/:ea-ure, Ipavins^ that frivolity to the Beach.
Miami her-e;f i- on 'le- way tn iMi'-'j'er thinirs than
just amusement. She talks about ha\-ini,^ a mil-
iion }»oT)ulaMon iri — <A\, wed, a few more years,
and }>erha[;^ sh<- wdll. She i.s bec(jnjin^'' a jiort of
eo.nse'iiieerc, for ojie tldriL''. Tier })ort traflie in-
erea>ed ir; * WO \'ear'> from 'JofkOon ions to IjOo,-
hi'Ki She is oi! } 'V ua\' U> -^ieat tliim/s as a com
mere;a! c'l^y. She alieady ha- ju-t about <'Very-
thin^r a :^reat eily should have in the way ol'
muijieipa! eonverjf^iicett ai-d j efjaniiciits, biit iier
])(>\\X TllK FAST COAST
2bo
gruutli has scarcely inore than started and her
maLdc Inns been =;o t'a i- oi;ly hinted at.
I ]) to the time of iroini: to pi'ess, a> tlie news-
papei- })lirase ha< it, Miami is the i7io>t >outherlv
of all mainland caties in the FniteJ States. What
may hap|)eu between the moment of writimr this
and the arrival of the volume in the reader's
Iiaials there is no >ayinLr. It i<n"t at all dillicult
to conceive in these days of miraeb-s of a rival
city s])i-inirini: up overnight like a mu<hi-oom and
wrestini: Miami's title from her. It ivn'r Hk^dv,
but it's possibU\ Jii>t now almost anvthin-r
seems ])ossible in Florida. A streteh ot llatwoods
or junirle and a blueprint may be a three-imiHoii-
(lollar subdivision in >ixty days, wiiji pa\-»Ml r.nids,
i^ranolithic si.b'walk<. a stncco gatewav loe^kinir
like a section ol' a Spanish fortress, street liLrhts
palm tree- and, ahno>t certainly, a Kouum Bath
or a PoinpeiaTi Fool. Sixty daiys more and, the
ground ha> blos>omed with Moori-h pa!:ices
S])ani^ll casth's and Itaban villas, hii>i<cu- and
phihinthus and crotons bhi/.e ai:ai!:-t pa'io walls
and Mrs. Jones oi' "I'almhur-t" is hobiakeidn^'-
across an incipient Ihuli^e witli \frs. Snud. of
"Manihirin bod^-e." Hut the po--;b!e new and
nio!-e southei'l) (at\- univt t"o!'e\cr >ta\- t'ai' b^ -hoad
Miami in >l/e, fm' the hitler cii\ ha> a ^lari that
can't Ite o\erconu\
A\ hell Miami'- popuhiti.et was sfafed a- i'»th(^<^t)
It waMi't for an in>ta!il ititended t!:al the reader
LKT'?^ GO TO FLORIDA I
should accept thai liuaire as r.'prt'siMitiiii]: lior
present muster. A lut has hapiM-ntM,! since the
.v:ai»' lo-k I he i:»-5 census, aw;i>- hi.^t spriiiir, and
tiiL' wnl.jr':? t'stimal'' ol' Miami '> pnpuhition at
this moment is around 110,UUU. And the trains
and steamships haven't stopped running, and,
while there^s an emiiariro un t't-riain classes ot
freight, there's none on pa-.-'Hirt-rs. Ner liave
the auiumobiles ceas.d >p.-,Mliiig .southward ah)nic
the six national hiir!iwa\'< whose tinal terminus
is the Magic City. The rhamhor ut^ Commerce
is advertising for a liuinlrtMl moi-r hotchs and
thrice that many a]-ar'nn'!it hnildinL^s, assurinii;
us that all can Lu bo!'i or rented before th*'y are
completed. Just now all roads lend to Miami.
Of course life there i- a hit h.-etic dnrinir the
'^ho(>ui." Trices of real estate douhh' h.tween
breakfast and luncheon and iithh li-Tore bed-
time. The voice of the realtor h-^ heard in the
land and every fifth per-^on has ennrealed s(.m<'-
where on his person the maj) nt a ^uhdivnsion.
It's Los Angeles at the heiLdit of h.r oil lan<U
boom all over again, and then >uni''. lor the pro-
fession of the realtor has not ^tood -till since
then and many new and starihiL' triniminLrs havn
been added. It's all ver\ ama/.inL^ and bi-ealh-
taking and just a trifle disturhi-.-, lo.i, I'm- (.no
can't help wondering where the thinL^ will stop,
and whether, when the music ha'^ died ;t\\a\ and
the merry-go-round has cea8e<l -uirlini!-, every
DOAVX THE EAST COAST
26'
one is ixohi^ fo br .p.iitc, (piite happy. For, of
course, it will cease sooner or later, and not all
who have I'idden the i)rancing steeds will have
been so fortunate as to liave captured the brass
ring !
But \vliy fliink of to-morrow? Building goes
on at a feverish i)ace, tie' banks are still full of
money, ])rospects continue to arrive daily and
not all the l^arron spaers have been yet platted.
Anyhow, thouirht of to-morrow doesn't worrv
Miami. The hullabalon may quiet down and tlie
drifters drlU off aL-'ain, and slie will still be
sittinir ])retty. Slie's on a firm and solid founda-
tion, and she knows it. Loiiir after the last real
estate salesman has folded liis knickers and stolen
awa\' Mnuni will keep I'lirht on ixrowinir bii^'u^er
and finer jind nn^re p)roiSperon<. (Jnats don't mean
a thinir in the life of an p1o])hant, either present
or absent.
dn^^t the sam(\ one sometimr< hnn^s for a flv-
swatter in Miami; a tly-swatter with a very line
me.-h, suitable for gnats.
Of course Tin one visif^ Afiami witlie.ut also
seinnLT (^>ral (Jables. TIm> (le\-eh)pnien! lias pi-o-
irressed to a staire whei-e i' may be considered as
«i coniniiinity I'athrr iha.n a prix-aielv owned
project. T!ie- writ.-r is glad ot' ti.at because he
wants to a(!d !::^ rra..!.'-^ ])it of praise to all that
^■'•1" L^'eP' hft"(i|-r, ahhieiL:!: it is the dexaTtpei" nioi'*'
'han th.' tlevelopnienl he has in nnnd.. Cieorire E.
268
LET'S GO TO FLttKIDA
M> rrick has already been referr* 1 \n ]n tlitse
pages as one of the Miracle Men. Uv iiiiLrht with
justice be called the Dean of the Mirach' Mon,
for, if he ^'n^ not the first, ho i^ at hast at the
head in the performance of h'aiitiful miracles.
M- rrick 's creations have not only niaLTTiitiKh' and
scope but possess imaginatin:;. ai' aii-l ])->. tr}-.
Coral Gables is said to havo ( ,ilini ^o t'ar for an
expenditure of thirty miilion <h^]]nr<, an<I tlic
figures occasion no side looks. AVLat i< lai- more
important is the fact that these thirty millions
have paid not only for buildings and pavtiiimt^
and landscaping but for beauty worth many tim< <
that sum. Mr. Merrick is known a- a practical
and nose-to-the-grindstone busin*--. man, witli a
head for figures and a passion t",,r L'tttinir tho
value of his monev. He mav be all that, and
yet, even giving all the credit thoy deserve to
the architects and artists of all sorts who liavf^
created Coral Gables, he must b* uw mor<'. \o
man without a fine knowledge of the fitic-^ of
things, without a keen love for I ^ la^ ,. witliout
just a touch of the poet and dreamer, coiihl havo
sponsored Coral Gables no matter vh.it a -dist-
ance was rendered him.
The Merricks came from Pennsvlvnr la In l^fN.
Young Merrick was twelve then. Hi- lather
bought 160 acres alx)ut eight mile- t/oni MI;iml
and planted grapefruit. lie prospe/. i and add<d
more land to his original holding, ^i. o/irr .M<r
Dowx tup: east toast
269
riek wa- sont to Kollin- <''olle£?p, at Winter Park,
Flori(La, and lator to Xcw York to study law.
His father's death broiiirht him back to Miami
and to rai>in£r irra})cl>uit. Miami, only a village
in 189-*-!, was coming to life now, and Merrick
pnt on liis thinkinir cap. lie started in develop-
ing: subdivisions, hiirh-cla-s onps always, and sold
olT fotir or t]\-e with protit before the idea of
tnrninir the old homestead into a Miami suburb
occurred to him. He bad some capital and bor-
rowed more, an.d lie start rd ont to create not
merely "another one of th-m tliinirs" but >^ome-
thinir <listin(^tly worth wliile. He had traveled
dnrino: Ids eolh^t^e day< and after an^i had seen
wliat architecture C(»uM h,,' wht-n it had a soul.
And hi^ liad setMi the huildinirs and ijrardens of
Spain and Mexico and. Soutli America. And so
wliat emerirtMl from liis dream< was Coral Gables.
It Inas heen four year< in^ tl'e making, but to-
day thei-,' are close to 10,000 acre's of it and it
e\t(>nds for sex'eral tniles on lour >ldos of its
irrowinir hn>incs^ center. Tfie huildiuirs are not
all ])ure Spanish, thoui^h tlie Spa'iish i'lthience
i> f\ci-y\\herc retained, and the resuh is that the
damrer of mnnotiuiN- h.a^ hecTi avoided. There are
nearly a hiiniii-iMJ milev o\ Nt'^"c^ almost a thou-
saiiil rcvidriicrv tini-h-'.l a';d ^:\ !i e,.|s eompleted
<♦'' luuh-r \\a\ Tlie Miami Hihrnore Hotel will
he (»peiied .soon af^'!' tlie hcLriioii n^^ ol 1920. The
rni\crMty of Miami, t!;e r'!iver>i!y Hi^h School,
270
LET'S (io TO FLORIDA!
a W uPixan's Coilfg-, m roiiitTvatury uf miisi(%
theaters and other projects are assiirod. The
city is incorporated and irnwriuMl by a commis-
sion. Yuii will see i: without Ifini^ told to, so
here's an end *o tli.' subicrt. Oiilv, wlini vou do
see it, iTcdi: ihc man who dreamed it and formed
it for giving the world ori'' more beautiful thine:.
But n-itlier Miami nor Coral (rabb-s is the end
of the worl i. fr.r tl.^ bii: road troes on invitinirly
and here is Coconut Gr.ive. (('Ix.'rve, ])ray, the
elimination of the A; correct but unusual.) Coco-
nut Grove T^'n-, not so vr-ry lonir airo, the last
settlement towar^I tlie K»'V<. To-(]av it is one
of the handsomest and -martt'st of the I^ay cum-
munities. Coconut Grove sefins to pjossess tho
community spirit to a greater extent than many
other towns of the state, p'-rhap- Ij^rmi.e it had
to fend for itself so Ioul^ 'fiat it- eiri/tus i^ot to
know each other. Xow, however, tier*' aro moro
than 3,000 of those citizeiis, an! if tiny donT
watch out their town will soon b. ( r.m.. pk,. otlnr
places and life wonH be nearly so much fun.
One of those three thousand ;tr .j odd iiilia bit ants
is Kirk Monroe, who not so lonL^ tL^n ua- writimc
the finest stories for boys: that ever ha\. been
written. Perhaps he is stii! <b)ini? it, ihoutdi
at seventy-five years of age even an audior has
the right to rest. If you v.i.o r-ad tlii- wm^
ever a boy you'll surely recall ' Raftmai. -" and
**Canoemates'* and a host (.f '.Ua-r wond. iful
DOWX TIIL EAST COAST
271
stories that doul)tle>s kept vou wide-ev«-d Ion--'"
after the liirbt should have be^vn <uit, and you'd
be triad to know tliat one who has iriven ^o much
plea>ure — yes, and instruction, too, in a nice
su,^ar-coated form — to you and thousands of
other eager-eyed cha|)s is spendinir Ids autumn
years in so fair a spot as 'vKirkland House," in.
Leafy Way, Coconut Grove.
Soutlnvard still now; to Perrine, named aft^-T
Dr. lleni-y PondTC', who was killed l»y Lirlians
in ISoo, [ind Avhere the government has an ex-
perimental .station f.jr :rn|)iral ]dants; to Goulds,
wdnch ships enouirh tMinatovs in one season to
make kt'tehup for all the world: m ITomt'Stead.
outlet lor the growers of the Redlands and Ca|>e
Sable districts and ]iiaaud ]mssossor of a tin.e new
hotel and golf course; an<l tinally to Fluidda City.
a small plact^ with a bii^ civic s|-,irir. An.d that.
Ladies and (b'ntlemen, bri!:L:s us to t'ne e-nd, ^f
the paxa'd InLrhway and {){ tiie present discourse.
llowc\a'i", it' \a)U ha\a' tlie |>!"ice of tlte fati'c, tliere
art' nna'f worhis to be cononerc<b a v hole raft
of woildv strctchinir crescentically out into the
warm .seas. Who's for ihe ITorida Kcvs.'
rTTAPTFR XX
THY. TlnJiiDx KEY^
Xo one can say he has ''done Florida" unless
he ha? made some acquaintance with tlip Keys.
T* \von*t be necessary for l.ini *<> l^o all tlip wav
to K- y AV-jst, although the trip will be well worth
the time and expense, but he shonlrl at loa-t unt
as far a- Long Key. There ar.' those who con-
sider the seagoing portion of Monr-M- ( Dimty tlio
most fascinating part of FIoTJda, and th.- writor
i- more than half inclined to agree with tlicni.
The Kr>vs aren't all within "^foTlro^., liow^^ver, for,
iror.erly, they begin in Dade C-ai/y, with S. ti-
dier and Sands and Elliott's Keys, and sweep
o r)nt ()\'('r
(ir.Y,-
ward around the corner and
many miles of deeply blue water to t( rininate at
last in the T>^y Tortugas, a hundred and nxty
miles southwest as the gull flies. There ar.- thou-
sands of them, how many thousand- f;M on,, knows,
and they range in size from liith- lump.s scarc.ly
larger than a barrel head to Krv TnrL'o, thirty
miles in length. Geographically as u I! a- ideo-
logically they belong in three ^m. p.; t!,.. Cppcr
Keys, which end at Knight's oi, po.-.>aid ., P,alda
Honda; the Ix>wer Keys, terminating ytr .k ti< alU-
with Key West; and the keys beyond, including
272
THE ITuKlDA KP:\\s
the ^Marquesas and tlie Tortncras. The Upper
Keys aro the \-i-ihlo fX-iih/nee of a eoral reef built
along the rira of tin- peninsular pjlateau. The
Lower Ke}-s are tho remains of what was once
a considerahle island. The i-lands w^est of Key
"West are of more receiit oricrin, several of them,
notably the }*Iar<inesa> — Maronesas aceordinir to
some maps — brinLr atolls. Islands of tla:- latter
group are still in pro('<'>< of irrowtli, f.trmir;!:, wirli
adjacent reofs, tin- only oxample wiTiiii the et:'n-
tiiieiital limits n\' onr ci'Uiitrv of irrtuvinir coral.
Knnrnnii: parallel with the entire chain oi key^,
and exteiidiinr t'rom Kev "Ri^ea^iie t(> Mn- Afar-
qnesas is an outer rrvi of livir.ir coral which only
awaits a sliLrht uphoaval to drvolop into a <ee(_^!id
chain ot" kr\"<. Thi-^ ro<'f .'nchxes Hawk idiannel,
^\lli(•h lia> a widih o\ from three to six niih^s aiid
an extreme drpth (d" -ix fallnans. Xortli or" the
Upper 1\< ys, Floi'id.a ]xiy i< a ^liallow expanse of
wat^u" as thiekly sprinkh d wiMi i<uts a< a pudding
^vith ])lums. Ibua' naxiiration save wi^li tlie liirlit-
ost o\' liirht drauLrht eiwt'i i-^ ^omelhi::!: to be at-
tomptfd onl\' by the init iate.
'^riit' Keys \;n'y in rloxnition from |M\u-*ieallv
nothimr to oi^'hteon t'e.'t, th-> a\'erai.rt^ hoiirht abo\"e
niraii hli:li lido beini^ abvuil leu leet. Ou ihe
smallor ours the <nrt"aee is e«'^r:d r*oek I" i^'^oeess
;ih!iou^"'' oeea^ii>nal!y a poeket
< hi such islets the growth i^
spar>e and >tun'rd. n^ual!\ e^.)Il^ist i::^ of a iKi'eh
ot (h^i ntoL'Tal lo!
(d >()d 1^ !*"U!ii|
::4
T T.^T
r-s GO T(^ Fi.nKinA:
of mangroves. Larger islands, however, cm. r-
ally boast a considerable flora. Incise liaininecks
are frequent in which trul} Uuiieai \LgLiaUun
holds forth, often in company with flio mnro
familiar flora of the northern mainland. .Mahog-
any grows in abundance, as does satiiw.H,.]. At
least two scarce species of palms are inund.
Fiddlewood, lancewood, ironwood, gumlM. liinl.o,
poison wood, wild rubber, lignum vitae, fainarin.l
and bamboo are some of the jungle dwcll.r-, ami
with them are several orchids, the viM \aiiilla
one, and numerous cacti. Along the ed-r of iLe
beaches tumfortia, seaside morning gh^ry and
one or more other creepers range. Thr- omrnM'.-s-
ent buttonwood edges the further grov-Mi a:; 1 :!,•»
pernicious wild grape, bete noire of the plaan r,
takes possession wherever possible.
A great number of the Keys, even those m i ,ir
acreage, are so slightly above water that tj.y
are drowned during the high tides of .^tii!- or
when a gale comes along. Others are 8i]f!icipntly
above sea level to be cultivated ani u.-A-d as
homes; in fact, some sixty or seventy nrp ^o
used. Pineapples do well, and so, in ccr ^lia !o< .,!-
ities, do cocoanuts, bananas and limes. W nliout
doubt niany other fruits are capable of corara. /
cial cultivation on the larger Keys, for thc^ ia( lor
of frost has never to be considered, rind. wlii]r
the soil, save in ofx^asional spots, is Jackin- m
liumus, that lack will eventually be scie/hliriiJj ,
THE FLuillDA KKYS
275
i-onir(Il,M]. Wiarc proir;-! inii i^ alTord.'-l from
^J"' \\in<i>, oranges, grapefiuii, -apadillos, cus-
tard aj)j)lrs, lumons, pnpnyn- hti'I tamarind? are
touiid irrowiTiLT Inxiirianth-, In short, with study
and patience any tropiral n?- sub-tropical fnii:
may h.^, and .'Vontually wiil be, produced uii these
coralline i>land>.
To the visitor the beaches aro a never-tailino:
source of (Icliirht, tor shells of endless form> and
colors are lorex.i- h .ing cast ashore for his in-
S})oction. An-1 with them rorntj all ^-ns r,t in-
terest inic tlot^am; bii> ol sponges and fragments
of coral, S(\'i-s]iidor^ and horseshoe rra'h^, purple-
hlue I'nrtmruese men-o'-w-i'-, spiral egg cases of
the conchs, sea heans o\ many shades, scores of
intriiruimr ohjt^cts many ot' \\h:^:i have been
'l"''i''''I t'r.im t'ar away South American shores.
And, ot' eour-»\ it' }(erre ](^n"k'ng for conch shells
h'l-e t!i. \ aro in ii'nnher, since the conch, king
<^'oiieh and qu. . !i conch, ;ire brought up in abun-
<!•'!!>''' Ifom lie' \\ater> and eaten in chowder^.
1^ i^ liiat >ame pleasantly flavored but rather
h'athfry >h.ll ti-l! ihat irtves name to the natives
»'t' the K't'N's. T!:f '•('onchs" ar
O' M
'■^' Ixi-
l^'iiii'i l-hm.!-, and are still more English than
-\"" 1 i^an in manners and speech. There i^ more
til in a MiKgc^iiou of the cockney in the latter.
Th. \ s]MMii'-e', fi ii, 'turtle'' and And time to do
'' '"' '*(" ^^l•i'ckiug; although the wrecking isn*t
^^I'lt it u> d to hr in the good old days. The
!^
I
27G
tj:t'>; no to flohtda!
grandsires of the pro-r-Tif o-PTiPratinn couM tell
YOU tales worth listening to! B.i* k in the days
of the pirates and even down to ( i\il Way times
wrecking was a payinsj- iMi-iiiL':^^. So t'reipirntly
did ships come asLorc on tlie roof^? that tlir stretch
of i-]ar.d.= wa- "kr.o^^"n as "Tlif MartNTs." Xot
all of the wrecks were lalcd, for in the i2:ood old
days above referred to wreck ini: \va< a jirot'rssioii,
an art, and the use oi a cuiininirly di-|ilayr<l lan-
tern was only one of several nifthrxh-. de\-isetl to
lure unfortunate ships to destruction on the reefs.
Ilistorv has it that even in l';iir]v niodmi times
one serviceable West Indian hurrirano lias driven
more than twoscore vessels, lag and little, wlare
they would do the most good to the inhahitants
of the Keys. But now a far-tlunir liia' of liLrht-
houses and beacons has taken inu' !i i>\ tie- "kick''
out of the ancient and worthy ]-uiMiit of wrcek--
ing, and, while disasters are ^:il! ir.Mju.nt, the
*'Conch'' works alongside the legal authoriths
in the matter of rescue and sahaLnng. And works
well, too, we're told. Some of the count- nanets
seen might well belong to pi rat.- ot' the old
regime, but the **Conchs" are well h. ha\rd to-
day; not, perhaps, so mueli fr''»m elioic, as from
a deep respect for the Fid. ral aiMir.rit i.s. When
not engaged in swarming over a st r ifioh d s* hooncr
or other craft, or in pulling i\-\i or turllen from
the water, the ** Conch*' invades the mainlriTid for
boatloads of wood for fuel or clears a pat( h of
THE FLnKIDA KEYS 277
sand and plants a crop of ])ineapples. AVhm the
weeds or grapevines take possession of the pateh.
which soon happens, he elears a now one. Tliere
are two thinir< ho doesn't believe in. One is
weediiiLT and tin* othor i< fcrnliziiiir. But, after
all, why should lie? Thore'.^ plenty of land. The
"Conehs'' are very reliirious and seldom miss a
elnireh service nnless a wreck is '*in." As tliere
are no roads save on one or two large Ke\"s. thev
trav(d irenerallv hv boat.
To visit the Florida l\oy< tho traveler by auto-
mobile leaves his car at Miami and boards a traiti
of the East ('oa<t Kailway. The time is cominir
vhon lie won't have to do th;it unloss he clio.^ses
to, bnt that time i< not yet. The "Over-Sea Rail-
road" begins at Homestead, some twerity miles
below Miami, and ti'aversos the ed.ire oi tlie Ever-
glades to Jewlivh ("i-rek, |)a<t Everirlade, the last
station on mainhind, t'i'<un wh.-nce water is con-
veyed to Key West in tank cars. Once across
tile draw bi-idi^e oxa-r the creek vnn are on. tlie
Keys, althonirh, to be sure, there's notliir.Lr miicli
to nidicate thr fact, ddie particuhu' Key o!i wliich
ynu ai'c trax-elini; is bai-iro, thf one "wliopper"
'»f the lot. bai-iro I< ia t'ny a rather -pectacular
Tnetamoi'phosi<, for do\ flopnients ^aid to aiTLrre
gate ten milli-n dollai'^ are alreadv nnd.er wav.
At the northerii end of ili,' iv^and Mi-. W. M, I'ut-
ler is sponsor t"(0- an niid-a'takin^^ iliai includes
a mammotli liutol, a Ii^lilnLr pua-, a i^olf coarse
o-
LEI'S GO T<» FT.OIMDa:
and club house, yacht anclM.r.n:. < nii^l, Inially,
building sites for, so nipa-.r has it. inHli..]. aires
exclusively. Other developments are wdl start. d
at Rock Harbor, Plaza and Fas ernier. Watrr is
now available from the mainlnnd l\ ni.Mns of
pipes; an ice plant, without which lit.- in tlio
irupics is scarcely ideal, and an electric platii ar*^
under construction. And, just to i n.v.' tliat K.-y
L:.rgo, which only a very few years ago was con-
sidered even more undesirable as a resid'-Tipp lo-
cality than Miami Beach, has realh^ muw into its
own, let it be added that a newspap. r ]ia< Immh
established. Even as it was before capital dis-
covered it. Key Largo was a pleasant place and
it wasn't by any means unpopulated, nlfhonirli tlie
bulk of the population was composed <>\' native^
whose houses, surrounded by groves c.t liira s,
bananas and cocoanuts and patches of '*iii'i.-,"
clustered, and still cluster, along the occaii .side
of the narrow island. Largo has much m ilKc/nnv,
although not of a size to render it cornna r , i;,|lv
valuable, and much gumbo limbo, tha' pir'in-
esque and persistent tree which after bciii- < nl
into post lengths and placed in the gron- 1 will
at once come to life again and becofi. ja^i -,.
many more trees. It is quite as great . * < ppu
nent of race suicide as our own norllc ju .-a a /up
willow.
Long Island and Windley's Key succf . j I. arLrn,
the track crossing the narrow channeite Kma . li,
THE FLORIDA KEYS 279
and tlion romr-s Hpper Afatecumbe, signifying that
tlH' jniirncy to K.y West is half done. This
i>Iaiid, too, is undergoing change, it was lately
i)urclia>ed by Miami capital for $750,000, not an
(^x(•esMve priec in these hectic times for 873 acres.
Matecunihe i. w.H irrc.wn up to cocoanut palms
and other trees and presents a distinctly attrac-
• live appi'arancc lr..m the car window. Closer in-
.-pection will r.'pay the visitor, and he wiU find
the best of fishinir there. This key. Lower Mate-
ciimbe and Lnni: K. y-not to be confused with
Lon- Island already passed— are fairlv in the
^'*'^it*'^' <'t' the ti^hir.ir ^^rounds. Lon- KeV is best
known for its fa.m,>ns Long Key Fishing Camp
maintained hy ihe Kast Coast Railway. Perhaps
you had host uoi .foil off at Long KeV, after all
unless you a.rc a fairly ardent fiWrman, or, at
^^''^;^^' ^'''^;' ^' '- niakuig of one, for fishing is the
mam suhject cf co-iversation from gray dawn to
!>nrplc du.k. If, l.oNvover, you're ^agreeable to
^''''^' >"''"^^ ^^"'J ^'>' island a charming place
;»n(l the accoinnaa.lations comfortable. The Gulf
Stream passes vonr hack door, so to sav, onlv a
'"'1^' awav, and M. re's much to interest one in "the
J;^*";"'"- ^'^" ^'''' -^>d>s, the coming and going of the
^i-limL- launcluvs and sailboats, the catches of the
'''*' ''^'* * >i^'inir is excellent if one is not an
'"fliiiMa lie i\^\:riin:\n and can find time for it!
^'' •"■ !'^'' nn!,.P> I ong Key Viaduct begins, at
"'' '""> ^t '^ faid 1^ ,, unique undertaking. It
280
LET'S GO TO FLOini^v:
is of concrete, 11,957 feet in len^rth and consists of
180 arched spans. Once well onto it one ir. i< tor
the first time the impression of being ai >.a on
land. Knight's Key, well on the wnv tnwai.l ihr
end of the Upper Keys, was formerly the (^nl.ark
ingport for Cuba, and here the longest in , r-wat.r
section of the road commences, endini: at Littlo
Xeck Key, jnst under 7 miles away. Kicr pjno is
the next large Key and owes its name to tlir hand
some forest of that tree still r. maiiiin'r. Silver
palms, too, abound, and the island has sonir at-
traction for the hunter as deer are belie\-.',l to still
hide^ in the hammocks. Ramrod, Summerlan.I,
Cudjoe, Sugarloaf ; viaduct after viaduct; sna and
channel; the interest begins to wane. Bit hnforo
boredom can start the last concrete span is crrxxMl
and Key AVest Island is under the wheels and the
end of the journey is in sight.
Just a few words here about the rnilwav wliidi
has done the trick. Just over a half centnr> atro
H^nry M. Flagrler made his first visit to Florida.
Evidently he liked what he saw, as so manv have
done since, for he started in immedia'^ !v to dc
velop the East Coast. At that tina M. r.- uvro
fewer than 300,0^)0 persons in the state ar, I onlv
some four hundred mih^n of railroad. 1^ lov Si.
AuKUHtine the East ('oast was practically t. rra
incognito. At least, it was seldom visif.d, and
then only by means of small steamer> |J on/ ih.-
St. John's and Indian Rivers an-i .v ih. . (,..t (^f
'^'f^f-- Fr.'''R[f).\ KEYS
281
^^i.l discomfort Bnt Flagler had vision. The
Ponce deLc^n H^^tel at St. Augustine was his
''^' ;^: ^ ; "^^^^ ^^^S^ railway connecting
the oi,l Spanish town with Jacksonville was pur
H'.i- . ni.i lurn.d into the first unit of the Florida
Ka>i toast Systrm. A steel bridge was then
^'"^ t a.rn.s f],. St. John's River at Jacksonville,
;;^"1 a >var lar.r. in 1S87, the first through traii^
'y;^^ ^-^v \nrk to St. Augustine rolled Into the
:^^'' ^- /;'^^n. si. Augustine was rapidlv trans-
lurmed hy ihe erection of more hotels, a hospital,
' '-'';''- ' -•^^^'^^' ^ ^'^^^ino, light and water plants
^•^' •>}-!>« and many homes. He likewise laid two
^n'h^ ni excellent streets. And all this without
d;.-.ro.wn^.^ or even marring the historic quali-
ties S^t. An.^nstine's fame spread and visitors
f^n. k. I.J see More railroads were bought and
\r:;' '"'^ ' ^^^^^^ ^^^ l^^^> the Florida East Coast
*-'''<-:^ I'-i uachea Miami. Here, as at St.
An.nM.ne and, later, at Palm Be^ch, he built a
'^•'^v ntx I on years later the road building be^an
;'^^Hn a .! Progressed as far as Homestead, where
:' ^'"*^;"' ; "■ ' ^^^^^^ ^^•^^■*^^h before taking its final
'"*^^!'- ';' 1^"^'- ^^- K^'> West Extension was be-
^^nn to tho nuTedulous amazement of manv T^oubt-
'"^ I hnn.ases, and o- \ u Voar\. Dav, ipOS the
"- - - opened as far as Knight *sKev, from
y-" •*' steamers made the trip to Kev West and
' ;\'"'- . i^';' ^'ompletion of the undertaking was
"^^'""^"'^ ''' Vmuary, m- after five vears dur-
282
LEI-b GO JV VLuiiiDAl
ing which many discourai: nonts and >onio dis-
aster were met. On one occasion a luiniraia^
cost the lives of one hundred and iliiiM> imii.
The road from Homestead to K- > AV. -t ( ity
is 128 miles long and cost approxiTr.ai'h on-' Inm-
dred thousand dollars a mile. Tw.n^y ,'iirht
islands are utilized and seventy ii\t' miles of the
track are over water, water that is in ])lac»^< thirty
feet deep. There are four i^T-incipal via-hirts:
Long Key and Kjiight's K-y, alr-^'a-ly rar-ntioncd,
Moses Channel, 7,800 feet, aiiJ Baliia Honda
Channel, 4,950. There are, also, several smaller
viaducts, as well as numerous fills ar-l r'm])ank-
ments. As a feat of organization and tiiiriiiorTinf^
the Over-sea Railroad is notable. A< an ox-
ample of creative imagination it is cv* n more so.
It stands and will continue to stand tor many
centuries as a fitting memorial to its f-roator.
With the completion of the (»\« ! -'-a Railroad
Key West became no longer an isolated s<'ttlo-
ment a hundred miles from nowhere l-ut, to all
intents and purposes, a part of the mainhind of
Florida. Not so long since 8t. Anni-tinc was
practically **farthest ho'i^h " 'J'h'-n tlj.- railroad
followed on the trail of a few advpnt ur on- pio-
neers and Miami took title, i'oi y m^, h"W( v( r,
Miami was the jumping-off place. N^Miin:.' was
considered to exist beyond it until !<< > \V'< si
was reached. I'he railroad cljaiiged that, .'mI im w
groves and settlements and, finally, towns spj ajjg
^:ill': FLoRUiA KEYS
283
up. Railma-l development will continue im-
portant for ifiany years, but when the first creak-
in lc riivvtr luugL'd through the pinp woods and
])ahn(,'tto sr-riih) of Florida it inaugurated a new
oi'dfi- ol' things. N«)A. as lor several years past,
till' antoniohile is the real covered wagon, and the
present -(hi\' ox{»h)rtr rlinir- lo a steering wheel
instead ol' a wl.ip. Fartiier and farther fnTrard
the manLrrove-elad lip of the peniii-^ula the mo-
tors ar<' chugging, following the m:iin roads first
and then the wagon trails and at last pushing
forward uvtr unirod ground; branching otT at
intei vals, to b^ sure, but in the main pushing the
frontier back niiie bv mile toward the sniith.
Faster an.d faster they are coming, an a':n'\-^
steady stre. in ol 1;,. ni, and althou-ii many tri:'^i
baek, as ma:.y more stay. The ax rir.^-s and the
grnh hoe tliiid-, the acrid o«ior o: burning
palm.iio rooi> tills the air, hammer a'.i <aw drown
the>o!ii: ..f \\:r nioekiug birds and presently, magi-
cally aimo>i, a : < w home appears in the wilder-
ness. Frt^stM^tlv a^H^ther laden car humps over the
ron^■h Irad a', i a eei^^'hboT' has arriveih And SO
it Kor-, nue.'l! a:'rr !Lie''h. v'U'ar'"-:^ ^eeonie
trih-k L;.ird.!,- v-r ora'.;.;' i;io\es, a ^c'^'oi house
appeal -, and ;i ehuixii, and a 'leu lown is well in
thr niakiii- Florida is still called the Last Fron-
tii'i, hnt i:u 11, line will stand but a >hort time
h.iiirn- d'!i.' aii'om.^^ih' u dl see to that. How
Nri) difu u ut the history of the state would read
LET'S GO T'"' FT/'T:IT)A'
to-day if Ponce de Leon had brought a (l-x k of
Fords with him!
The automobilist demands roads, av:<] li ' '-r<ts
them. States and communities all over iIr' cuun
try now realize that the pnvod hifrlnvny i- iho
most attractive feature thev can offer, h '- all
well enough to make loud talk n^'>>u\ a ih w s.'w-
erasre svstem or electric li^-iit- or xlaw)! ]i(in<(^s
or a wonderful climate, but there's n nni( kt r wav
to build up your community. T.ny a pavt .] road,
my friends. That is what the Flori<ia Kt v< are
doing. Within two years from 'h- time of tl.is
writing you will be able to st< p i: N) your car In
Maine and roll all the v ay lo K* y W* -t on your
own tires.
Already the first unit of t^.- 0\-. r -^^ a TTiL'liway
is under construction. Dade Tounty is I liMiiiLr
from Florida City, just below Ili^mestead, to i ard
Sound and the Monroe Count v line. ATonroc
County is erecting a causeway and bridge tlH'r(>
to connect with the Key Lar^o higliv i\. tliirfy
miles in len^h. At the hauie time Ua* latter
county, which contains all the Keys frorri ].:\v<j()
to the Marquesas, and has long been vond-riuL'
what use they were, has also star^ d at the other
end and is building from island ''. j-'iud ufidcr
a recent }x)nd issue of two million dcjll.ii-.s. Tlio
motor highway will parallel tin rnilrorid for irioht
of its distance. Here, of courbe, i- tla .-((fit of
THK FLuIMDA K'FA'S
285
tilt' proscTit activip\ iii real estate development all
down tla' ]\]]f\ from Largo to Key West itself.
And tlh' developnar/*^ has only begun. The
Florida Keys have wonderful possibilities, and
withi]! the ensnlnLT <Iecade many of them will be
realized. [)o\\ n tlierc lies indeed a veritable land
of eiicliantnitiit. a Inrid nf blno i^kies and bluer
sea, of a cllniat*' nowhere snr|iassed, of tropical
foliatro and Ldowing flowers, a. kind where every
day may ko -p» nt out of doors. All of which,
while it sor.ndi- a good deal like a real estate com-
pany's 'M)lui]/' IS still as true as gospel. Even
Key West, so long immune to the raucous chant
of the ]-(\dior. ] a< fallen into line. Recentlv about
lialf tko i-land \\a< i^urchased by Xorthern capi-
tal and tlio erst while placid citizens of the Far-
tlu^st South CWy ar.' scratching their heads and
woiKk rinir a wliolo lot. "Wouldn't it be a heap of
fun to o('('n]>v tlie front seat of the first automo-
bile to roll in.'o K' \ West over the new highwa\ .'
And what pi iro t^ e concession to operate ''hot-
doi^^" stands all ike wa\- ^*ro!!' K-v Fargo to the
city linkit^ .'
Key We^t oerni'ios- ;it oresent — onlv the far-
ther end o\' \\:y i-land ol" liie Same aaine. kko
Spanish \sa> (',."/' !l (eso^ meaning Island of
Bones, hut, ol roui -o, i' was easy, and not inap-
propriate, to till!! !h(eso into West. When the
islauil wa::. tii->i di^^o\ei\d >o maiiv humau skele-
286
T.FT'S GU T' » KLoKMDA:
tons were found there thai iiit\ ju^t couldn't call
it anything else. Whom the ^kolofoTr^ holonirf^d to
originally is a matter for conjertur. . Sonu' Ix^-
lieve that a party of p'lau > \va> dDn-' to death
there — in which ease i: mu^t haw* b.-cn an ex-
ceedingly large party!— ail d otht rs that the hones
were those of natives wlio had h.^n oxtei-minated
by their mainland foes. As none ot" the hones
are known to exist to-day for scientists to mull
over, the truth will probahly never he known.
Key West is still a Spanish -pt^lpTnent to all ap-
pearances; although the C^.arnh* r ot' ( "onmieree
will be up in arms if it sees this. Let n- diaiiL^^
that to read: Key West still retains inueh of its
picturesque foreign atmosphere. The irihahiiants
include Cubans, Greeks and negroes, the latter
mostlv Bahamans. Earlv in the last ceii'urv a
number of Minorcans, survdvors of T nnl-nl] '- un-
successful venture at colonization, came to Jvev
West from the district around New Smyrna and
St. Augustine and many of their race still sur-
vive.
Key West has quite a hist
t ,^
<jry 01 n<T o\'-, n, o m!*
a romantic one, too, but it will suflice lio., if oiJy
the high lights are touched on. Duriiig ih. M, i-
can War permanent fortifications wer- h. Lnifi .Hid
military and naval stations estalJishc^'h \>\i\ the
present Martello towers were inA buih until l^<iJ.
Key West had one engagement duii' l' ^\ut ( j\il
War when Secessionist sympathiziih .t'^niia. 1
THE FLORIDA KEY^
aa
to seize the phice and were defeated hv the eouraf^e''
of the commander oi th.- fort and the timelv ar-
rival ot reenlorcemriit>. I'hu- \\a- Key West
saved to the Tnion ! In l^Gs and 1^G9 the Cuban
revolution sent many new citizens thither and
these r<'fu,irees from Spani-h rnh- hrouirht en-
couragement to a faltorini: ciirar-makin^ trade.
To-day the ciirar husincss occupies numerous fac-
tories and em])loys tlion>ands of workmen. Key
A\'est has expt-rit'iK^Ml Mvo great disasters, the
hurricane of 1^4*; a!.-] ^h" two-day fire that in
l^^n almo>t (he-troyod the towi. In spite of the
lack of certain municiprd ;i.:\a!.*a^^es enjoyed by
other cities— a hnk tlni^ i- rapidly being supplied
—Key West is a remark;i! !y healthful place. As
for the climate— well, sonir maintain that Heaven
lias still a lot to h-aiai fr-orn K- y West. Certain it
is that the winds mitiira'.' '^le summer heat won-
(hu-fiill\-, so that, ahlioinrh the island is a hundred
ndies farther v.. nth than the lowest corner of
Texas, it is coohn- in the !:.>^ nii^nths than manv
moie northerly citi.-^. A> f,e- the winter weather,
it really Is splendid. There !:as never been a
frost ther(>; ne\ cr can he, pi-ohably; and 41 de-
gre(>s is t!ie lowest the itiercury has ever reached.
From Kev \V, vt fieiu!- Ner Cuba is handled bv
•ailoaihs, tlie tiMiiis h, j-^- split up and run onto
huL'c cai- fellies. Ih oiu Kcv Wost, also, com-
tortahh' passriiL'-,'!- hoats- proce(N] daily to Havana,
th.it chainiiiii: eiy\' as yet uueulighteued bv Mr.
2S8
LET'S GO TO FLORIDA!
Volstead. A trip aiTo-- is a pleasant experience,
and, of course, yuu dui.'i haw to drink the wine
of the country while tli^Ti- if you have scruples.
So, what's to rTev.:y.i * (n), |,y all means, and let
vour conscience
vuiir ^^uidv I
h I
thp: end
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