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Jtfin  Murraf  (Firm) 
HANDBOOK 


ENGLAND  AND  WALES; 


ALFBABETIGALLY  ABBiHGED 


THE    USE    OP   TEAVELLERS. 


WITB  AX  OUTUSB  MAP. 


LONDON! 
JOHN   MUBBAY,  ALBEUABLE  STBEET. 
1878.  \-,]^ 

:  I* 


■  M'^&S 

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Sfr 


PREFACE. 


The  want  of  a  compeodioos  Guide  to  England  and  Wales, 
in  one  volume,  has  been  long  felt,  and  tbe  demand  for  snch 
a  work  oontinaefi  to  increase  with  the  increaRing  fiioilitieii 
for  travelling.  The  main  object  of  the  Editor  of  this  volume 
has  been  to  select  erioh  infonoation  as  is  likely  to  be  gene- 
rally useful  to  all  classes  of  travellers,  and,  after  selection, 
to  condense  and  arrange  this  information  in  a  convenient 
and  popular  form.  Repetition  has  been  carefully  avoided, 
and  cross-references  are,  therefore,  comparatively  numeroue. 
It  is  hoped,  however,  that  the  strictly  alphabetical  arrange- 
ment of  the  Guide  will  render  it  easy  for  the  traveller  or 
stranger  not  only  to  map  out  his  journey,  but  to  obtain 
such  information  as  he  may  require  in  the  course  of  it. 
In  laying  the  foundation  of  the  following  pages,  the  Editor 
has,  to  a  very  great  extent,  relied  on  the  results  of  his  own 
personal  experience,  travels,  and  excitrsions  in  all  parts 
of  this  country.  At  the  same  time  free  use  has  been 
made,  with  the  permission  of  the  Publisher,  of  Murray's 
county  Handbooks.  But  even  with  the  invaluable  aid  of 
these  Guides,  the  compilation  of  the  present  volume  has 
been  a  work  of  no  ordinary  labour.  The  utmost  pains 
have  been  taken  to  ensure  accuracy,  and  with  this  im- 
portant object  in  vi«w  the  Editor  has  visited  almost  every 
county,  and  has  travelled  over  a  great  deal  of  ground  in 


(  "  ) 

all  those  most  frequented  by  the  toarist.  Hie  notices 
of  places  which  he  himself  has  not  explored,  have  been 
verified  or  corrected  on  the  spot  by  reeideats  and  others,  to 
whom  he  desires  to  express  his  grateful  acknowledgments 
for  the  valuable  assistance  which  they  have  so  obligingly 
given.  He  is  eepeoially  indebted  to  Mr.  Lewin  Hill,  of 
the  General  Post  Office,  for  letters  of  introduotion,  and  for 
a  great  amount  of  highly  valuable  information  communi- 
cated by  his  friends.  The  Handbook  has  been  neceasarily 
several  years  on  hand,  and  in  consideration  of  this  and  of 
the  fact  that  it  covers  so  wide  a  field  of  travel,  embracing, 
as  it  does,  every  county  in  England  and  Wales,  the  Editor 
considers  himself  justified  in  asking  for  the  cooperation 
and  indulgence  of  the  public;  and  he  most  earnestly 
requests  readers  who  detect  errors,  either  of  omission  or 
commission,  to  send  notes  of  the  same  to  the  oare  of 
Mr,  Murray,  50'  Albemarle  Street,  Ijondon, 

Jviy,  1878. 


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HANDBOOK 


ENGLAND  AND  WALES. 


an  ailcritk  duel  nut  dcnoU  mfcriaras,  buC  n'n^y  Ui 
the  ami; 


»  jwionol  (qKrtma.    nsH 


Abbetsalb,  see  Sheffield. 

Abbet  Wood,  bbb  ^'Wi. 

Abbotb  Ann,  see  Andover. 

Abbots  Brohlet,  see  Sugdey. 

Abboi^bubt,  see  Weymouth. 

Abboot  JCbkswkll,  eea  S^mcton 
Abbot. 

Aber,  Stat.,  L.  ft  N.  W.  Ely,,  5  m. 
W.  of  Bangor;  about  samo  distuice 
ftom  PemnaemaawT  Stat,  and  2  m.  from 
the  pretty  rillage  of  Llanfairfechan 
(see  Contnay).  Inn :  Balkdey  Arms ; 
also  two  TeBpectable  imu  in  tbe  village, 
Cross  Key  a  and  Prince  Llewelyn.  A 
very  pretty  village,  situated  at  the  foot 
of  a  grand  amphitheatre  of  mountains. 
In  the  Glen  of  Aber-fawr  (about  2i  m. 
behind  AlTOr)i8  one  of  the  moat  roman- 
fio  wftterfallB  in  Nnrth  Wales,  dashing 
over  the  rocks  at  thefootof  Llwydraor 
and  Bera  at  a  height  of  70  ft.  Path 
slippery  and  even  dangerous  after  rain. 
Saii&Bga  stellarie  grows  at  foot  of  fall. 
About  i  m.  to  rt.  is  another  fall  well 
worth  visiting^  The  lofty  mountains 
in  the  background,  at  least  3  m,  dis- 
tant, are  Carwdd  Dafydd  (3427  ft.) 
and  Caraedd  LUwelyn  (3469  ft.),  which 
may  be  ascended  here,  but  more  eaBily 
from  the  Conway  Valley,  near  I,lan- 
rwit,  or  ftom  near  Llyn  Ogwen  {see 
Bangor).  On  entering  the  village, 
the  mound,  called  the  Jtficd  {prone, 
"Hood"),  was  the  scene  of  a  tragical 
tale  mnch  dwelt  on  by  Welsh  his- 
loriana.  William  de  Breos,  a  power- 
ful and  handsome  baron,  was  treacher- 
0081}  hnog  here  by  Llewelyn  (temp.  ( 


Hen.  III.)  on  account  of  alleged  in- 
timacy with  wife  of  latter,  Frinoess 
Joan,  daughter  of  K.  John  of  England, 
Pen-ff-Bran,  now  a  farmhouse  on  other 
aide  of  the  river  opposite  the  Mwd. 
is  said  to  have  been  the  residence  of 
Prince  Llewelyn.  The  pariah  Ch.  has 
been  entirely  rebuilt  (1878).  The  old 
ch.,  built  sa  &r  beok  as  674,  was  a 
favourite  resort  of  Mrs.  Hemans,  tbe 
poetess.  There  are  charming  walks 
in  every  direction,  and  good  flyflshing 
(free)  hi  Aber  i^ke,  1  m.  above  the 
village  and  marked  on  Ordnance  Map 
"  ".  Lh/n  an  AJoa. 

Abbbabroh,  see  CaTdigaa. 


G.  W.  Ely.,  201i  m.  from  Paddington 
<Jnn«;  Black  Lion;  Boot)— a  flourish- 
ing ironwork  town,  abounding  in  rich 
seams  of  coal.  St  Elr^n't  CVi.  is  a 
handsome  Dec.  building  with  a  fine 
peal  of  bella.  The  scenery  of  the  vale 
of  Cynon  and  mountains  on  L  ia 
charraing.  Tbe  touriitshould proceed 
to  Glyn-Neath  Stat.  (35  minutes),  and 
thenoe,  2  m.,  to  Font-Neath-Vauglian 
oc  Feckan  (Angel  Inn),  a  romantic 
village  beautifully  aituated;  thence 
■  Yitrad/eUU  Faltt,  i  m.  N.  From 
re  it  IS  abont  18  m.  N.  to  Bream. 
The  whole  neighbourhood  of  Pont- 
Neath-Fechan  (whore  a  guide  may  bo 
had)  abounds  in  waterfells,  some  of 
eitreme  beauty. 

AlterdnrOD  (Caernarvon.),   a 
remote  and  unfreqnented  little  village 


2  ABXBDOrET—ABEBGAVENXT. 

on  the  N.  coast  of  Cardigan  Baj  and    diiig;fa>n.    Another  ronte  from  Suston- 

Tery  near  the  most  S.  eitremity  of    square  (L.  A  N.  W.  Ely.)  via  Shrews- 

Lleyn.    Inn:  Ship,  tolerable;  but  com-    bury  and  Hereford,    Jhoi:  ••Angel: 

Amtable  accommodation  may  be  had  at  I  Greyhound.  A  market-town  beantifully 

one  of  the  farm-houseB.    An  omnibofl    situated  in  the  Vale  of  Usk,  and  ai 

nuu  daily,  except  Bundays,  from  Picll- 

hdi,  13  m.    There  ia  a  g;ood  beooli  and 

the  bathine  is  excellent.    Opposite  is 

fardae;/  I&md.   Ia^  old  ohuroh  (re- 

Btoied),  and  the  pariah  contains  several 

antiquities^as  Castell  Odo;  the  old 

mansion  ol  Bodwrda  (l«mp.  Chas,  1.): 

and  a  portion  of  the  ancient  chapel  of 

Eglwyi  Voir,     The  coast  scenery  is 

grand.    At  Parayd,  opposite  Bardsey, 

the  cliffs  d^oend  to  the  water  in  asheer 

precipice  of  600  ft.    Visitors  to  Bnrd- 

»ey  must  beware  of  n  very  stroDg  tidal 

current  separating  the  island  from  the 

raaiolond.    At  8.  end  of  island,  which 

is  about  2  m.  in  length,  is  a  lighthouse 

from  whence  St.  David's  Head,  B2  m., 

ia  somelimes  visible.     The  ruins  ore 

thoseof  Abbey  ofSt.  Mary,  founded  in 

616,  bj  Codvan,  King  of  N.  Wales,  and 

on  account  of  the  number  of  devotees 

attracted  b>  it  the  island  was  called 

tlie  Isle  of  Saints. 

Aberdovey  (Merioneth.),  Stat., 
from  EustoU'Sq.,  or  Paddington,  via 
Shrewsbury,  a  very  pretty  and  quiet 
little  watering-place  with  fine  sands. 
Inn:  Dovey  H.  Excursions  In  Aberi/»t- 
witli  (11  m.)  by  ferry  of  a  little  more 
than  a  mile  across  the  estuary  of  the 
Dove;,  which  here  divides  N.  and  S. 
Walesiandjoiningtbemilwajat  Ynys- 
Laa ;  or  else  by  going  round  bj  Glan- 
Dovey  June :  (o  liyn  Barvog  3  m. ; 
Toiryn,iio. :  and  a  lovely  drive  of  5§m, 
to  the  pretty  little  villacfe  of  Fenrtal, 
which  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  Soman 
■tatiou.  Tie  quiet  little  watering, 
place  of  Borth  (see  also  AberyitKith), 
with  its  beautiful  sands,  ia  distant 
HJ  m.,  by  rail,  via  Glan-Dovey  June. 
There  ia  a  good  hotel  there,  the 
Cambrian,  and  another,  the  Borth 
Hotel 


rounded  on  every  aide  by  n: 
the  chief  of  these  being  Scyrrid  Vawr, 
or  Holy  Mountain  (1497  ft.),  and 
Vach  on  the  rt. ;  the  Blorenge  (1720 
ft.  high)  on  the  1.— a  mass  of  old 
red  sandstone :  and  the  Siignr  Loaf 
(ieS2  ft.)  at  the  N.  of  the  tovu. 
The  view  from  the  snuunit  of  the 
Scyrrid  is  magniflcent.  The  geolo- 
gical structure  of  this  mountain  oon- 
aiats  of  beds  of  brownstouc,  cappoil 
with  quartzoae  conglomerate.  On  the 
lower  slopes  may  be  foand  eiccllent 
specimensofOldRedfish.  TheChurch 
(St.  Mary's,  Monk-street)  contains  a 
number  of  fine  ancient  monuments, 
moat  of  them,  however,  much  muti- 
lated. The  only  modem  public  bnild- 
ings  worth  notice  are  the  Lunatic 
Asylum,  a  handsome  atmcture  erected 
in  18s0  at  a  cost  of  40,0001.,  and  the 
Market-house  (cost  V^fiOOl).  Excel- 
lent fishing  may  be  obtained  in  the 
Usk.  The  Abergavenny  Fishing  Ae- 
aociation  issue  season  and  day  tickets 
(the  latter  5a.  each  for  salmon  and 
trout,  and  2i.  6d,  for  trout  only),  and 
ttppiieation  for  these  may  be  made  to 
Mr.  Bigglestone  at  the  Post  OfBce. 
The  landlords  of  the  Angel  and  Grey- 
hound Hotels  have  also  transferable 
tickets  for  the  use  of  their  resident 
visitors.  The  season  for  salmon  fish- 
ing is  from  2nd  April  to  1st  Nov.:  and 
for  trout  from  14th  Feb.  to  30tb  Sept. 
The  ruins  of  the  Cattle  a-     -     - 


)  Wye  Jbver. 
«  CriceieUi. 
ABBBnBAW,     tea    Holyhead     aitd 
Ltmtgefm. 

AberiraTenny  ( Monm.),  Stat, 
midway  between  Newport  and  Here- 
ford. 168J  m.  (G.  W.  Bly.)  from  Pad- 


,r  the  e 


3  the 


town.  From  the  terruce-nalks  (open 
to  the  public)  are  delightful  views  of 
the  Vale  of  Usk. 

Exourfiom. — Buins  of  Llantlumy 
Abbey  (see  also  Brecon),  10  m.,  a  Cis- 
tercian priory,  erected  about  the  end 
of  12th  cent.  There  is  a  tolerable 
little  inn  fitted  np  in  the  old  Prior's 
house.  The  road  continues  up  the 
valley  for  1^  m.  to  mountain  village 
of  (!apel'y-Ffi.n,  near  which  is  a 
monastery  erected  by  Father  Igna- 
tius; Eaglan  Costlc  {see  Wye  Uair), 
10  m.  by  road  and  1  hour  fay  rail; 


ABERGELE— ABEBYSTWITU. 


over  the  Blorenge  to  Blaenavon,  6 
m. :  Brynmavrr,  a  laige  ironwork 
town  (/nn.-  GrifBD),  8  m.  b^  rail,  10 
m.  by  road;  Mrmmoath  (old  rood}, 
14  m.  (new  road  IT  m.,  and  1^  hr. 
by  rail);  C»t,  11  by  road:  the  beau- 
tiful gfwdens  of  Uanoixr  Court  (Lady 
LlanoTer).  4  m.,  and  near  this  the 
village  of  lAaneUen,  a  aweet  little 
spot    undyr  the  slopes  of    tha  Blo- 

AI»eriC«le  (Denbigh.).  Nearly  1 
m.  from  Stet.,  L.  *  N.  W.  Ely.;  ihr. 
by  trun  from  iiAi/I;  and  about }  hr.  from 
Llandudno  Juno.  Jnni.-  *Bee  H.; 
Camlown  H.,  dose  to  station  (Pen- 
sam)  and  beach.  A  quiet  wati-r- 
ing-place,  posaeeaing  beautiful  ecenety 
in  me  neighbourhood,  in  which  the 
carboiufeiuus  limestone  is  finely  de- 
veloped. Tha  Gh.  has  square  tower 
and  curious  old  cyclopean  doorway, 
cloaed  up,  at  W.  end  of  S.  aiale.  C>n 
summit  of  the  hills,  1  m.  to  S.W,, 
are  the  British  camp  aud  outpost  of 
Gattdl  CavTr.  and  Gordd'jn  Xamr,  and 
1  m.  N.  the  large  end  pt  rfect  camp  of 
Castell  Mawr,  uear  towhich,atCoppa- 
yr-Wylfft,  are  remains  of  a  ve^  Btiong 
British  fortrese;  while  the  hill  of  Cefn 
Ogo,  2  m.  W.,  is  remarkable  for  a  very 
fine  cavern  abounding  in  stalaetiteB. 
.— l,(o)To£:!nm«JPari, 
m.  beyond,  the  beautiful 
church  and  park  at  Bodeheyddan  (see 
St.  AtajA:). 

(6)  To  the  pretty  village  of  i(an- 
dufcw,  2i  m.  N.W.,  pasBinR  at  about 
Ij  m  Garydi  CatOe  (R.  B.  Heekelh, 
^q.>.  At  Llaudulaa  is  a  beautiful 
Ck,,  built  by  Mr.  Street.  Uy»f aen  Bilk 
about  2  m,  S.W.  from  Llandulas  or 
Gwrych  Castle,  aflbrds  magnificent 
views  of  mountains  around  Conway. 
1  m.  W.  of  Llaudulas  is  ihv  pleasant 
little  watering-place  of  Cotteyn  (see 
Conwayy 

2.  To  DetMgh.  a.  Bail,  all  tlie  way 
t^  Bbyl  June.  b.  For  pedeatrlang, 
oroBH-road,    At 

(a)  4i  m.  S.W.  is  Bellw$  Abergele. 

I  m.  beyond  the  roads  direi^,  the 
one  rt.  deecending  the  bills  on  1.  bank 
of   the   Elwy  to  Llangeraiw    (about 

II  m.),  in  on.-yd.  of  which  are  two 
pairs  <^  lai^  upright  stouee ;  hence 


bridle-road  to  UanniwC  may  be  fol- 
lowed up  the  dingle  of  the  Afondyf- 
fryn-gallt,  the  total  distance  from 
Abergele  heiug  17  m.,  or  the  tourist 
may  proceed  3  m.  F>.  of  Llangerniw  to 
secluded  little  village  of  Gwythmn, 
in  C&.  of  which  are  two  chests  endos- 
ing  portion  of  St.  Winifred's  ooffln ;  in 
oh.-yd.  are  four  upright  stones,  one  of 
which  is  inscribed. 

(Ji)  From  Bettwa  Abe^ele,  proceed 
7  m.  to  Uanfair  Talhaiam  (Inn: 
Harp),  beautifully  situated  on  the 
Elwy,  which  explore  downwards  to 
SI.  JMipA,  or  across  the  hills  about 
3}  m.  to  Llanwnnon  ( Jnn ;  SalBoen's 
Head),  on  the  Aled,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  which  is  British  xmphitheatre 
of  Bardd  ATihuT,  or  Arthur's  Bound 
Table.  5  m.  from  IJansannan  are 
the  two  pictureeque  waterfalls  £Iyn- 
yr-ogo  and  Bkaiadr  Slater  oa  the  Altd. 
From  Lkueanuan  it  is  9  m.  K.  to  Den- 
bigh. N.B.— These  eioursions  should 
not  be  undertaken  without  an  Ord- 
nance Map.    a.    St,  Aiaph  see). 

Aberirwlll  (Caemuthn.),  f<lat., 
L,&N.W.Kly.  2m.fromCaemuunhen. 
The  village  contains  the  palaua  and 
grounds  of  the  Bishop  of  8L  Itavid's. 
There  is  a  pretty  Ch.,  E.  E.  style. 
Alter  passing  the  Palace,  a  steep  road 
OD  ;.  leada  to  Mtrlin't  Bill,  cele- 
brated as  the  residence  and  place  of 
burial  of  the  renowned  sage  Merlin 
(Spenser's  '  Faery  Qneene  ') — oom- 
manding  on  extensive  and  beautiful 
view.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river  Towy  is  /./ctn^nnorCh.,aprinii- 
tive  little  building,  with  some  fine 
old  yevr-trees.  and  a  superb  view  of 
the  Towy.  In  it  is  a  monument  to 
Sir  B.  Steele,  who  composed  many  of 
his  dramatiu  pieces  at  the  "White 
House"  in  the  village  (sea  Caermar- 
fben). 

Abbkhulb,  see  Montgomay. 

Abbrporth,  see  Cardigan. 

Abersocb,  see  PviOMi. 

Aberystwttli  (Cardigan.), 
Stat.,  9}  bra.  by  train  from  London, 
L.    &   N.     W.    and    Oambrian    and 


ABEBYSTWITH— ABINGDON. 


botiibdiiKthe»ett:  LionH.  Pottf^eel 
mNew-«tieet  The  "Welsh  Brighton," 
prettily  aitoated  betneen  the  hills  | 
at  the  month  of  the  Rheidol,  which  ' 
here  unitea  with  the  Ystwitb.  The 
beach  is  remarkable  for  the  quantity 
of  pebbles  to  be  found  od  it — inch 
Bs  comelianB.  onyx,  &e.  On  a  lofty 
rock,  DverlookiDg  the  sea,  stand  the 
minii  of  the  Cailh,  founded  by  Gil- 
bert de  Strongbow.  The  existing 
reiDBinB  are  probably  of  the  time  of 
Edw.  L  Adjoining  the  Castle  ^uuds 
is  t^e  University  College  of  Wales,  and 
in  &Dnt  of  tbia  ihe  promenade  pier 
(900  ft.';.  Outeide  the  town,  on  banks  of 
the  Bheidol,  U  Pltw-crtig,  a  ruined 
castellated  house,  said  to  have  been 
the  reaidenc^  of  Owain  Glyndwr,  who 
held  poBEesBJOD  of  the  ca«Ue  temp. 
Hen.  IV.— V. 

J^curifofu.— The  hill  on  If.  aide 
of  town,  called  ConiiitatuM  MiR,  or 
Cratg-laU,  is  traversed  oy  agreeable 
walks ;  and  there  is  a  path  stretching 
N.  along  the  cliffs  as  far  as  Burth 
sands,  5  m.,  OTerlooking  estuary  of 
the  Dovey,  and  commanding  magnifi- 
cent views.  From  Borth  (see  Aber- 
dov^),  8  m.,  the  visitor  may  retnm  by 
the  Machynlleth  road,  passing  the  ro- 
mantio  village  and  chim^  of  Uanifi- 
liiiTigeUgetiefiT-glifn.  It  is  a  delight- 
ful excursion  to  the  Deaire  Bridye, 
12  m.  {Hotel:  HaTod  Arms;  large 
and  comfortableX  passing  3  in.  rt. 
Nanitoi,  seat  of  Col.  Powell.  Coach 
daUy  from  Queen's  Hotel.  Tbo 
bridge  is  a  doable  one,  Iho  lower  arch 
built,  it  is  said,  in  the  11th  or  ]2th 
cent.  1^  monks.  The  nrch  over  this, 
abont  SO  ft.  span.was  built  1753,  at  a 
height  of  120  ft.  above  the  torrent. 
The  best  way  to  see  the  l«idge  ia  to 
oroBB  it,  and,  taking  a  path  to  the  rt., 
descend  to  the  water's  edge.  The 
watetfalla  may  be  seen  by  takmg 
another  pathway  on  1.  of  high  road, 
about  30  yds.  beyond  the  bridge;  but 
the  best  views  are  from  the  grounds 
of  the  Holel  Company,  who  ebarge 
Is.  for  each  visitor.  The  tourist  should 
return  by  vray  of  YipyUj/  Cynfyn, 
If  m.  N..  on  the  Rhayadi  road,  in  the 
'  '  '  I   3   DiDidlcal 


ob.-yd.    of   which    are   3 
stones;  and  about  ^  m.  o 


I.  is  1 


Farton't  Bridge,  which  should  be 
visited  on  account  of  its  very  wild  and 
picturesque  beauty.  Beyond  (between 
i  and  4  m.  from  Devil's  Bridge)  is 
Pont  Erwyd  (Irtn:  Gogerddan  Arms). 
Observe  here  the  &lls  of  the  Kheidol, 
in  a  wild  rocky  gorge  close  to 
the  road.  The  Coginan  lead  mines, 
S}  m.  beyond  P.  Erwyd,  are  worth 
visiting:  also  Llanbadam  Tatcr  Ch. 
(St.  Padam's),  12th  cent.,  6  m.  be- 

Cd,  and  1  m,  from  Aberyatwith. 
m  the  Devil's  Bridge,  the  tourist 
has  also  the  choice  of  returning  by  the 
road  alont;  the  Ystwith  to  Llana&n, 
viaiting,  en  roide,  4  m.,  the  princely 
eatat«  of  Ba/od,  in  the  grounds  of 
which  are  aeveral  pretty  waterfalls, 
the  most  attractive  being  the  lomantio 
Piran.  The  eh.,  not  &t  from  the 
entrance  lodge,  containa  one  of 
Cbantrey's  fineat  sculptures.  From 
the  Li^rne  had  mines,  which  are 
ntsr,  a  private  road,  open  to  visitors; 
leads  to  Llanafan,  10  m.  from  Abe- 
ryatwith, where  there  is  much  beauti- 
fal  and  romaclic  scenery :  or,  on 
quitting  these  famous  mines,  he  may 

Eiroceed  to  the  interesting  but  neg- 
acted  ruins  of  Strala  Florida  AhbSy 
(founded  about  1184),  situated  on  L 
bank  of  the  Teili,  and  now  consisting 
only  of  a  lancet  window,  and  a  fine 
Norm,  doorway,  which  is  probably 
unique  in  its  simple  llutings,  and  six 
coKirdinate  recessed  arches.  A  small 
parish  cb.  stands  within  the  precincts 
of  the  abbey.  From  the  station  here, 
the  train  runs  to  Aberystwith  in 
about  1  hr. 

DieUincei, — Marhi/ftUetli,  18  m.,  and 
about  1  hr.  by  rail ;  Aberaeron,  IS  m. 
(pleasant  and  cheap  drive  by  mall 
tar);  Cardigan, 23  ra. :  Aberdtwey  (by 
ferrylllm.;  BoTlh,Sm. 

Abtnrdon  (Berks.V  Btat.,  on 
G.  W.Ely.,  6  m.  8.  of  Oxford.  Inns: 
Crown  and  Thistle  H. ;  Queen's  H., 
near  the  bridge ;  Lion  ;  Bising  Sun  ; 
Hag's  Head.  At  the  Abbey  here, 
founded  in  7th  cent.,  Henry,  son  of 
William  I.,  csined  hia  appellation  of 
'■  Beauclerc"'  Tery  httle  remains  of 
the  once  extensive  and  magnificent 
conventnal  buildings.  The  Pem  gate- 
honae,  converted  into  station  for  fire- 


ACCBIXGTOX—ALBBIGHTOX. 


engine,  gives 
which  BDme  tisgineiita — a  flreplaoe 
a  reuiBrkable  obimnej  —  ISth-cent. 
nmy  bo  seen.  AdbHiiing  gateway 
is  ChurA  a/  SL  NiiMia.  wilh  a 
aiDKular  si]uare  Bt>iir-tan«t  attached 
In  N.  Bide  of  tower.  St.  Hden't.  near 
the  river,  is  a  large  ch.,  with  5  aisles, 
tutored  at  a  coat  of  70001.  The  painted 
ceiling  of  N.  aisle  of  ch,  and  «iDie  old 
portraits  in  the  hall  of  Chriifl  Hot- 
pitid,  which  adjoioB  ch.-jd.,  are  worth 
ioBpection.  There  are  alao  aeTeral 
good  portraits  in  the  conncil  chamber 
adjoining  the  abbey  gateway.  The 
Jiarlcet  Houef.  and  Coaaty  UalU  a 
handsome  modem  Bomanesque  etrno- 
ture,  designed  by  Inigo  Jone«  Q)-  There 
is  good  tisliing  (open,  except  fence 
months);   alao  good  Wtitig  in   the 

Aid^(Stat.  on  G.  W.  Itly.,  junc- 
tion for  Abingdon),  onoo  a  manor  of 
the  abbey,  lies  3  m.  N.E.  The  red- 
brick mansion  is  now  the  residence  of 
the  ivikiden  of  St.  fcfer's  College.  The 
village  Ch.,  beyond  tho  park,  oontains 
some  good  painte<l  glass  and  rich  old 
woodwork.  A  vely  short  distance  to 
the  N.W.  is  the  pretty  village  of  Sun- 
ningiKli.  The  C%.  is  supposed  lo  have 
bt.'en  rebuilt  by  Bp.  JewelL  Before 
the  altar  ia  tlie  grave,  inscribed  S.  t'., 
of  Dean  Fell,  once  rector,  who  died  of 
grief  on  heating  of  the  execution  of 
Chsrles  I.  From  the  tower,  Koger 
Bacon  is  ssid  lo  have  made  his  astro- 
nomical observationa.  Tho  road  enters 
Ba^t/   Wood,  in  which   Dr.  Arnold 


Thamei  tour).  A  delightful  excursion 
may  be  made  to  Nuneham  Park,  the 
seat  of  Cul.  E.  W.  Haroourt,  27  m.  by 
water  (see  Oi/ord) ;  also  to  the  "Boars' 
Uill,"  situate  about  midway  between 
Abingdon  nod  Uxford,  and  cornQtaud- 
ing  splendid  views  of  Berkshire  and 
Oxfbnlshire. 

Culham  College  (Diocesan  Training 
College  fbr  Schoolmasters)  is  about 
2  m.  from  Abingdon,  and  1  m.  from 
Cnlliam  Btat. 

Abinobr,  see  Dorking. 

AccrtngUtn  (Lanceh.),  211  m. 
from  St.  Pancras  Btat.  and  22G  m. 
from    King'a-cross ;    about   }   hr.  by 


rail  fK>m  Btancbcster  and  Preabn, 
Lane  and  YorkB.  Rly.  Inn:  Har- 
greares  Arms,  A  busy  manufacturing 
town,  possessing  large  cotton  mill*, 
print,  machine,  and  ohemii:al  worto. 
The  only  object  of  interest  is  the 
Peel  Institution,  a  haDdsome  Italian 
building,  erected  ia  tV57  at  a  oiwt  of 
800CU. 

AcDMi  BuRNiLL,  MS  SkntcAurf. 

Adobrbdrt,  ne  Banbun/. 

ADDiHaTOH,  aee  Crofdom  and  JbAf- 

Addlbttonb.  aee  Wegbridge. 
Adbl,  see  Ludt. 

Alban'H,  Ht.— See  St.  Alsan'b. 
Albrig-bton    (Sal<^),    Stat, 

G.  W.  Gly.,  119  m.  from  Padilington, 
and  rather  more  than  \  hr.  by  rail 
fiom  Wolverhampton.  loiide  the  Ctt. 
obs.  E.  wiudow  (Dei;.),  wiodow  In  S. 
aisle,  and  &ue  altar-tomb.  3  m.  S.  i« 
Fat^m  Ch.  (Italian),  oontaiulng  mo- 
numenls  lo  Astley  family  (temp.  Hen. 
VIII.):  also  tu  the  Pigot  family. 
FaUhnU  I'ark  U  seat  of  E.  of  Dart- 
mouth. The  scenery  is  very  pretty. 
2  m.  8.E.  is  I'aUutgliam  Ch.,  restored 
by  Scott,  of  mixed  dates. 

From  Alhrightou  Stat,  a  most  inte- 
resting excursion  can  be  made  to 
BoeaM  (4  m.)  And  White  Laditi, 
passing  Dottinglon,  the  rh,  of  wliich 
iiaa  Bume  good  stained  -  glass,  and 
SkakerUy  (W.  Horton,  E«|,).  1  m. 
beyond  is  White  Ladiei,  ae  ruins 
of  an  aucient  convent  for  Cister- 
cian nuns  (founded  temp.  Rich.  I.); 
and  a  little  beyond  is  the  ancient, 
though  altered  mansion  of  B«*oobtl 
(see),  not  shown  to  viaiton  after  5  p.m. 
Portraita  of  Chas.  11.  and  Cromwell, 
and  in  the  drawing-room  a  black 
marble  mantel-piece,  having  excel- 
lently sculptured  soeiiea  of  the  king's 
escapes.  Betum  either  eastwards  to 
Brewood  ^see)  or  W.  for  3i  m.  to 
Tong,  paaslng  at  foot  of  Tong  Knoll, 
from  which  is  a  f  ue  view  over  Wettoa 
(E.  of  Bmdford).  The  ch.  and  castle 
of  Tong  are  well  worth  viaiting.  The 
former  is  a  perfect  mausoleum  of  the 
Vernon  family.  It  is  a  fine  example 
of  E.  Perp.,  and  oontains  some  fioelj- 
calved  woodwork,  and  a  huge  bell, 
48owt,  in  weight.    On  " 


ALCESTEE—ALDESJJA  M. 


gate  of  the  castle  ia  some  extraordinary 
oorTing.  The  whole  round  from  Al- 
brighton  to  Boecobel  and  back  by 
Tong  is  abnut  11  ni.  There  ia  a  fine 
Ch.  at  Shifjial,  10  min.  by  rail  from 
Albrighton  ( Jtin ;  Jerningham  Arms), 
and  a  magnifii  '         "  ' 


the  branch  of  the  Mid.  Rty.  from 
Grent  Malvern  to  Blrmiaghain.  Alao 
G.  W.  Bly.,  Stratford-en-Ayon  liiie. 
Inn ;  Swao.  This  is  the  site  of  an  old 
Boman  town,  where  relics  of  the  Bo- 
maa  period  have  been  frequently  dis- 
covered. In  a  recess  at  E.  end  of  S. 
aisle  of  Ch.,  restored  and  enlarged 
1671,  is  a  handsome  ceootaph  by 
Chantrey  to  the  3rd  Marquis  of  Hert- 
ford, K  G.,  and  an  altut-tomb  with 
recumbeat  effigies  of  Sir  Fulke  and 
Lady  GreviUe  Id.  1562). 

At  InJdierrow,  5  m.  W.,  ia  a  large 
Church  of  some  iatcrest. 

14  m.  Headlai  Ckoss  (Inn;  White 
Hart).  This  spot  is  much  frequented 
for  its  scenery  and  extensire  views. 

The  village,  situate  in  3  porishee. 
has  a  lofty  CSurcft,  erected  in  18*3. 
Its  vaulted  roof  is  painted  blue,  with 
gold  stars  and  signs  of  the  Zodiac 
beneath.  The  stone  altar-table  is 
gorgeously  adorned  vith  sacred  em- 
blems in  Venetian  marble  by  SalviaU. 
The  population  is  chiefly  employed 
in  needle  making. 

SeddUch.  Btat.,  7  m.  from  Alcester 
(Inn:  Unicom),  is  a  clean  and  thriving 
town,  a  principal  seat  of  the  needle 
trade  in  all  its  varieties:  Ssli-hooks, 
pins,  bodkins,  hiioks  and  eyes,  Ac., 
are  also  mannfactured  here. 

StratfoTd-on-Avoa  ia  about  7}  m. 
&om  AJcester. 

AldborOUgrh  or  Aidtlmrgh 
(SutTolt),  Stat.,  Gt.  Eastern  Rij.  from 
gaimundham  June.  Innt:  White 
Lion,  on  the  beach ;  New  Inn.  A 
small  seaport  and  flE<hing  station.  It 
has  become  a  place  of  some  resort  for 
sea-tmthing.  and  a  number  of  lodging- 
houses  and  a  few  villns  have  in  conse- 
quence sprung  up.  There  is  a  walk 
along  the  beach  2  m.  in  length  •  end 
a  terrace  on  the  hill  behind  the  town, 


commanding  good  viowa  On  the  beach 
is  the  "Moot-hall,"  a  half-timbered 
building  of  the  16th  cent.,  restored 
in  1S51.  Crabbe,  the  poet,  was  bom 
here  in  1774,  and  in  the  poem  of '  The 
Borough*  he  has  descrltied  its  more 
prominent  features. 

At  IMttoB,  8tat.  between  Saimund- 
ham  and  Aldborough,  are  the  pic- 
turesque mini  (end  of  14th  cent.)  of 
Xettton  Al^.  founded  1182.  Here 
also  are  the  very  eitoosive  iTonworka 
of  Messrs.  Garrett. 

Orford  CailU,  1  m.,  about  fl  m.  by 
sea,  and  Bviley  Priory,  may  be  visited 
from  Aldborough.    (See  Woodhridge.') 

ALSBOBOuaH  (Yorks.),  sea  York. 
Aldenbnm  (Herts.),  15  m.  I^om 
Loniion  by  road,  2j  m.  N.  by  E.  from 
Bnshey  Stat,  L.  &  N.W.  Ely.,  throngh 
charming  lanes,  by  Bathea  Orin/e, 
Builiey  mU.  and  Berry  Wood,  and 
about  2  m,  S.W.  from  the  Badlett 
Stat  oftbe  Midland  Bly. 

The  C;<ureA  (St.  John  the  Baptist) 
is  worth  visiting.  The  interior  ia  ud- 
uaually  good.  Over  the  nave  is  the 
original  and  untouched  chestunt  roof, 
the  tiebeams  of  which  have  angels 
supporlii^   shields,   carved   and   co- 

The  MoawmenU  are  Interesting.  In 
the  chancel  are  6  small  16th-cent. 
braaea  in  (sh  preservatian,  thongh  the 
inscriptiona  are  gone.  Observe,  at  the 
E.  end  of  the  B.  aisle,  an  aocient  cAur«b- 
efttai ;  it  is  10  ft.  long,  hewn  out  of  a 
siugle  block  nf  oak,  and  everywhere 
bound  and  clamped  with  iron.  In  the 
ch.-yard  see  the  fine  group  of  tall 
sycamores,  and  the  tomb  of  Lt.-GeD. 
Robert  Bamc,  d.  IS25,  an  othoer  who 
commanded  a  brigade  of  Ihe  British 
army,  under  Wellington,  in  the  Penin- 
sula, andserved  with  great  distinction 

Altogether  Aldenham  is  an  interest- 
ing place  to  visit.  About  the  cattle 
iloora,  in  summer,  straw-plaiters  may 
V,; — =-nble  fingers, 
picturesque ; 
and  the  stranger,  if  at  Aldenliam  iu 
the  early  summer,  should  not  fiiil  to 
stroll  through  Berry  Wood  down  to 
the  river  Colne,  which  skirts  its  western 
boundary.      It  has  wild   walks,  and 


ALDEBSEOT—A  LXWICE. 


eboimds  in  flowers.  A  chalk  pit  in 
it  itill  reward  the  geologist  with  ui 
abnadauce  of  aponges,  foraminifera, 
and  perchance  "  beautifull;  pretierved 
polyioa,"  Along  (he  river  there  are 
two  or  three  delightful  level  reaches. 

Alsebbcbt,  see  Sali^mrT/. 

Aldeblet  Edoe,  see  Maccleefield. 

Aldebuaston,  see  Beading. 

Aldeeshot  (Hants).  —  See  Fabs- 


Alhwobth,  eee  Tkame«. 

Alford  (Lincoln,),  Stat.,  G.  N. 
Rly.,  ISOJ  m.  from  l^ondon,  and  I  ht. 
by  rail  from  Boston.  Inna :  White 
Horse ;  Windmill.  The  town  ia  6  m. 
W.  from  tha  Garmftn  Ocean,  and  from 
it  the  tourist  idh;  visit  Uablelkorpe 
(Boo]c-in-TiandSotel,d.a<l  good,  lodging- 
itonseB).  a  small  and  delightfully  situ- 
ated bathing-place,  with  excellent 
sands.  There  ia  a  apring  called  Boly 
Well,  said  to  be  efficaciona  in  acor- 
butic  complaints,  aboBt  i  m.  B.  of 
Alford. 

Alfobd  (Somerset),  see  Catlle  Cory. 

.A.UiretOIl  (Derby),  Stat.,  MiiU. 
Rly.  (Erewash  Valley  branch),  I  m. 
distant,  and  2  m,  from  Wingfield  Stat, 
on  the  main  line.  Jnn:  George.  Is  a 
metty  little  town  with  an  interesting 
ChuTeh,  containing  monuments  t« 
familv  of  Morewoodand  brtUB  to  John 
OriDond,  1507.  Al/reUm  Sail  (P. 
Horewood,  Esq.)  has  some  good  pic- 

AJ.OAKIBE,  aee  Bonton. 

Aliasotoh,  see  MatdtUme. 

Au/iNBi,  see  Maruport. 

AiJtasDBcsr,  see  Nadderifield. 

AiNMOLTH,  see  WarkmiTth. 

AlnivIcK    C  Northumberland ), 
Btat.,  nearly  midway  between  New- 
castle and  Berwick.     Intu:   'White 
Swan — a   key   of  the   park   is  kept 
here  for  nee  of  viaitois ;   Star,  c 
mercial ;  on  leaving  station,  rt.  is 
Plough  Inn  (1714).    The  road  : 
pessea  under  BandgaU,  the  only 
remsining  of  the  four  ancient  gates  of 
the  town ;    after   entering  wbinh,  is 
curious  old  house  bearing  the  Percy 
lion  Dud  crescent :   further  1.  is  Pot- 
tergaU   Toieer  (1768),  on  site  of  old 
gateway  of  same  name.    In   modem 
Cfi.  of  81.  Pauj,  in  upper  part  of 


is  rery  beautifOl  E.  window  repre- 
senting St.  Panl  preaching  at  Ajlti- 
och ;  in  N.  aisle  is  immense  altar- 
tomb  of  the  Srd  Duke  of  Northumber- 
land. The  old  pariah  Cb.o/RJirieAaeI 
in  lower  town  is  a  fine  Perp.  building ; 
at  S.E.  angle  is  qnamt  b««oon  tniret, 
coeval  with  Perp.  cb.,  placed  tbne 
as  a  look-out  against  the  Scotch ;  in 
the  interior  the  pillars,  with  rich 
ropo^nouldings,  are  renkarkable;  at 
E.  end  of  ch.  are  three  monumental 
effigies,  and  at  W.  end  two  carlouB 
flgurea  dug  up,  ISlti,  in  N.  aisle ;  below 
the  ch.,  in  WaHxryate,  are  mina  of  St. 
JKarj/'e  Ctiai'tty. 

The  CasBe  is  imposingly  situated 
1  S.  bank  of  the  Mo.  It  is  en- 
led  from  the  town  by  a  Galeuay 
preceded  by  a  plotnresqne  Barbi- 
can (both  0.  1350),  which  are  ani- 
*>;  stone  ligurea  to  give  the 
their  being  mann^:  Uiia 
^teway  pTea  enlrwioe  to  the  OnUr 
Ward  or  SaUtun,'  on  1.  is  the  pictur- 
esque Abbol'i  Touvrwith  stone  figures 
on  its  parapets;  on  rt.  are  the  Cor- 
ner TWer  and  the  Audiioi's  Tower, 
beyond  whicli  is  the  Middle  Gate 
Howe,  with  prcgeoting  circular  tower 
on  side  next  the  Keep;  passing 
through  the  gate,  on  rt.  u  the  Keep, 
furming  a  polygon  with  a  courtyard 
in  the  centre;  the  tower  rt.  of  the 
entrance,  built  o.  1350,  contains  the 
prison  with  its  old  bolts  and  rings; 
in  centre  of  floor  is  entrance  to  Uie 
dungeon ;  the  gateway  is  a  magnifi- 
cent Norm,  arch,  built  e.  1145;  the 
two  semi-octagonal  towers  which  flank 
it  were  built  by  Hean,  2nd  Lord 
Percy  (abt.  1350);  rt.  is  the  Drate- 
uwU,  above  which  is  flgure  of  a  saint 
blessing  the  waters.  The  castle  was 
first  modernised  in  1750-1766,  by 
Hugh,  1st  Duke  of  Northumberland  ; 
the  internal  decorations  were  in  the 
gingerbread  Gothic  style.  In  Nov. 
1854  Ihc  fbnndation-stone  of  the'Pmd- 
hoe  tower  was  laid  by  the  Duchess 
Eleanor,  and  the  interior  altered  in 
the  Italian  palatial  style;  the  Grand 
Entrance  to  the  Prudhoe  Tower  is 
from  a  covered  drive  in  the  inner 
court  opposite  the  draw-well ;  the 
StainMiw,  twelve  fl.  wide,  is  compasod 


or  single  stones,  the  vulta 
with  oolonied  marbles,  end  the  ceiling 
is  in  imiUtion  of  tbe  Loggia  of  tlie 
Vatican ;  this  leads  to  a  Veilibule,  thi 
ceiling  of  vbich  is  decorated  nitt 
subjects  from  '  Chevy  Chase  ;'  hence 
yon  enter  an  Ante-room,  lined  with 
green  satin,  the  ceiling  is  carved  and 
ha«  a  frieze  «ith  groups  of  bojs  and 
flowers ;  this,  with  the  adjoining  rooms, 
are  now  filled  with  pictures  chiefly 
from  the  Camuccini  CoIUction ;  on 
L  is  the  lAbraty  with  some  family 
portnuta,  Ac,  and  on  rt.  the  Saloon, 
with  yellow  satin  walls,  and  frieze  b; 
XanUmmi,  and  flro-place  of  white 
marble ;  this  opens  into  the  Draining- 
room,  which  has  magnificent  carved 
and  coloured  ceiling,  and  frieze  by 
Mantovani ;  the  white  marble  chim- 
ney-piece is  from  Eomo ;  a  corridor, 
carried  out  from  main  wall  upon 
corbels,  leads  from  the  ve^tibnle  to 
the  Dining-room,  which  has  carved 
ceiling  copied  from  the  Basilica  of  St, 
Lorenzo  at  Bomo;  the  walls  are  sur- 
rounded by  family  portraits,  sur- 
mounted by  frieze  by  Hantovani ; 
bejrond  this  a  passaee  leads  to  the 
stale  bcd-rooma  with  richly  carved 
and  gilded  ceilings  by  Tacealoiii;  I. 
of  vestibide  is  approach  to  gallery  of 
the  Chapd,  whicli  ia  of  great  height, 
with  richly  groined  ceiling,  the  pave- 
ment and  walls  are  adorned  with 
mediaeval  mosaics,  in  Imitation  of 
tliose  in  the  old  basilicsB ;  rt  of  tb 
Middle  Gate  U  entrance  to  a  magni£ 
cent  vaulted  Kitchen.  The  Middle 
Ward  has  sevend  towers  of  great  in- 
toKet :  first  on  rt.  ia  the  Gardener"! 
Toaar,  with  the  new  Li(m  Gate,  lead- 
ing io  the  gardens;  beyond  is  the 
Ueeord^i'!  Toaer,  in  which,  in  a  cir- 
cnlai  room,  is  the  interesting  Egyptian 
Miueum;  lience  a  walk  l<^s  along 
top  of  the  outer  wuH ;  a  ecat  in  a  uiclie 
formed  by  the  Ravine  Tower  ia  called 
Boftpm't  Chair ;  beyond  is  the  pic- 
turesque Contl^ile'i  ioieer  wilh  gableil 
turret,  in  upper  storey  of  which  ia  an 
Armovry ;  last  on  the  wall  is  the  Fos- 
lern  Tower,  beneath  which  is  a  curious 
vault  with  well  preserved  ribbed  roof. 
The  upper  elorey  contains  the  JUuMum, 
chiejig  of  BHlith  and  Boxaan  Aidi^i- 


tie).  From  terrace  below  the  Postern 
Tower  is  very  beautiful  view  of  the 
park,  with  the  winding  Aln;  the 
Gardens  occupy  a  slope  of  rising 
ground  to  S.E.  of  the  Castle,  and  have 
large  fountain  at  their  foot.  The 
ParJa,  open  lo  the  public  Thursdays 
and  Sundays,  and  almost  always  to 
strangere,  well  deserve  a  visit ;  a  drive 
of  aMiut  6  m.  will  embrace  all  the 
chief  objects  of  interest;  WiUtamthe 
lAon'i  Monmnent,  near  the  Forest 
Lodge,  marks  spot  where  that  king 
was  taken  prisoner.  1  ^  m.  from  Aln- 
wick, turning  L  towards  the  Deer 
Park,  ia  a  Celtic  Ciel  consisting  of  four 
rude  stones  for  the  sides,  with  another 
above  and  below ;  a  beautiful  wood- 
land drive  ot  3  m.  leads  from  the 
Forest  Lodge  to  a  high  craggy  terrace 
overlooking  Vale  of  Whittingham  to 
the  Cheviots  {  from  Bridee  Toaer, 
close  by,  is  a  splendid  view.  Hence 
the  1^10  Drive  leads  to  Stdne  Abbey 

(3  m.  from  Alnwick),  founded  by 
William  de  Veaci  1240;  it  is  tur- 
rounded  by  battlemented  wall,  entered 
by  picturesque  gateway.  N.  is  the 
Ch.,  notable  for  its  length  and  nar- 
rowness and  retaining  its  sedilia  and 
piscina ;  on  S.E.  is  vestry ;  W.  are  the 
cloiators.  E.  of  which  is  the  Chapter 
"-—->:  E.  was  the  Refectory,  with 
itury  above  it ;  8.  the  Guest 
bath-house,  and  detached 
lo  tower  on  TV.,  built  1489 
by  feir  Henry  Percy,  4tli  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  has  some  fine  tap(»- 
frfes  from  designs  by  Rubens.  In 
returning,  Almrick  Abbey,  fouuded 
1147,  1  m.  from  the  town,  may  be 
visited :  only  the  gate-tower  remains, 
beautifully  situated  on  edge  of  the 
park  near  the  river.  IJm.W.,  on  hill- 
top, nro  remains  of  Hor.n.  Chapel  of 
SI.  Leonard  (12th  cent.) ;  near  is  King 
JUaimlm'i  Crott,  whence  a  green  road 
called  the  Denwick  Drive  leads  by 
model  village  of  Denwick  to  RaMeugb 
Crag,  whence  there  is  beautiful  view 
over  valley  of  the  Aln  on  W.,  and  the 
sea  with  its  line  of  castles  on  E. 

Exeurnone. — 25niin.  by  rail  toionj 
Doughlon,  where  the  Cli.  of  St.  Peter 
has  a  Saxon  chancel  arch  and  some 
early  Norm,  windows ;  1  m.  N.E.  is  the 


ALSWICK—ALT&ISOHAM. 


fine  Grecian  luaDSion  of  Hoatick  (EaA 
Grey),  containiag  goiuo  mtereeting; 
pictures.  A  beautifully  wooded  ZJene 
leads  fiom  the  Ijouse  by  Howiok  Burn 
to  the   sea.  nhere    tiie  vaveB   rush 


■Bof 
long 
tonanla  DtoMatiborougli,  paBsiug 
I.  Gra'fUr  Toicer. 

(2)  To  EmbUUm  (which  see),  nnd 
Danttatibonnigh  Caiiie,  by  mil  '"" 
min.)  from  Cliriston  Bank  titat. 

(3)  To  Chilliiigham,  &c ;  skirting 
1.  Hulne  Part  is  reached,   at  7  m., 

Kicturesque  village  of  EgliTtgham,  bo- 
™  which  is  Kin-Mere,  a  luka  of  10 
acres, witlieicellontpike-fishiiig;  2qi. 
furthec  on.  on  1.,  is  modem  KlizabeibuD 
mansioii  of  Sarehope,  above  which  a 
path  to  a  lio;  cascade  falling  through 
□arrow  gorge  of  rock  ;  1  m.  furtlier  up 
the  Bum,  by  path  over  brow  of  the  hilt, 
is  the  precipitous  cliff  called  Corbit 
Crag ;  }  m.  rt.  is  the  Blaiit  Wairy,  a 
henismaii's  bouse  on  pile  of  tocks 
in  moorland  scenery  resembling  the 
Roman  Campa^a ;  I  m.  beyond  Hare- 
hope,  nearly  under  the  Camp  Hill  at 
Old  Betmck,  is  the  very  interesting 
Chapel  of  the  Molg  Trinilg.  tlie  apse 
probably  Saxon  ;  the  Norm.  ch.  dates 
probably  &om  aboutlllO;  after  tailing 
mto  complete  ruin,  it  was  restored, 
1867 ;  on  N.  of  nave  is  recumbent 
figure  under  a  Dec.  canopy ;  a  beau- 
tifal  foliated  cross  has  been  partly 
covered  by  the  porch,  which  is  later 
than  other  parts  ;  above  the  chapel, 
on  BeaBick  Hill,  is  large  double  horse- 
shoe camp,  with  some  incised  stones ; 
J  m.  H  Haerup  Bum  is  a  smaller 
semicircular  camp ;  oii  Be%eiclt  Moor 
istheGi(<mne«' (robbers')  Catte;  2i 
beyond  Bewick  is  tJAiffingAam  (see 
Woder). 

(i)  To  Whittingliam  and  CaUaly 
Qulie,  &o.  (see  Bothbury,  Wooler). 

(5)  To  BoUibaTy,  about  I  Im.,  passing 
at  5  m.  Ediingham  CaitU,  picturesqaeiy 
eiloated  at  head  of  a  narrow  valley; 
it  has  some  interesting  chimney-pieces, 
doorways,  &c ;  Ch.  adjacent  (Trans.- 
Norm.},  has  tower  fortified  for  protec- 
tion from  the  Scotch. 

(6)  To  bathing  village  of  Alnmaulh, 
15  min.  by  rail  (see  WaThttorth'). 


(7)  To  WarTatortk  CaiUe—vcTj  In- 
terestiog — 13  min.  by  rail. 

Di'atonces.— Belfonl,  by  rail,  13  min. ; 
Horpeth,  23  min. 

Albestobd,  see  Winchaler. 

Althobp  Park,  see  Northampton. 

Alton  (Staff.),  StaL,  N.  Staff. 
Bly.  Innt:  Sbrewsbuij  Anus :  White 
Hart  A  charming  little  village  in 
a  most  romantic  situation;  on  one 
side  the  deep  valley  of  the  Chnmet, 
on  tbe  other  bank  of  wliirh  is  Altim 
Toteert,  the  superb  seat  of  tbe  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury  and  Talbot.  The  bouse 
and  gardens  are  open  to  visitors  on 
special  occasions;  but  oare  should  be 
taken  not  to  go  there  on  eicursion 
days,  when  tbe  place  is  a  perfect  fair. 
Alton  Towers,  a  modern  (iothic  man- 
sion, was  erected  by  the  16th  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury  (1830  ?),  and  stands  on  a 
fine  rocky  plateau  overlooking  the 
Chumet  valley.  The  principal  points 
—  the  eastern  tower,  the  armoury, 
octagon,  tbe  Talbot  galltry  'de- 
corated by  i'lufi'ii),  tlio  consenatory, 
the  transept  gallery,  Ihe  cluipel,  and 
the  great  dining-balL  The  gardait 
and  conifer  plantations,  occupying  a 
st«ep  glen,  are  charming,  both  na- 
turijlv  and  artiScially.and  ttie  grounds 
are  of  great  extent,  one  drive  being 

Bee  in  tbe  village  the  Hospital  and 
E.  C.  Chapel  of  St.  John,  by  Pugin; 
also  the  beautiful  building  which  was 
intended  for  an  asylmo  for  priests. 

ExcuTfioni.  —  Adjoining  EU<ulo«, 
i  m.  E.,  is  CaliBichAbbey  (tamp.  Jsb.  I.), 
only  a  small  fragment  of  which  is  pre- 
sowed.  In  tbe  library.  Dean  of  Yorir's, 
are  many  MSS.  of  Uandcl,  who  played 
on  the  orgsn  hero.  Athbourne  (see) 
is  distant  i>  m.  from  Alton ;  also  easily 
accessible  by  rail,  vid  Boceslei  June. 

AUrlncliain  (Cheshire),  pro- 
noanced  "  Altringham."  Stat.  Gt.  N. 
RIy.,  198  m.  from  London,  via  Man- 
chester. Frequent  trains  daily  to  and 
from  Manchester.  Inni:  Unicorn; 
Stamford  Arms.  A  clean  and  cheerful 
town  in  close  proximity  to  tbe  beauti- 
ful and  salubrious  Bowdon  Downs, 
and  the  woods  of  Dunham  Massey. 
The  Ch.  at  Boitdoa  (Stat.  1  m.)  isone 
of  the  fiinest  in  the  county.    It  has 


10 


AMBEBLEY—AMBLESIIlE. 


been  restored  three  times,  and  containB 
intpreeting  monuments  and  Btaiiied 
glass  windows.  The  neighbourhood 
abotmda  in  pleasant  walks,  such  as  to 
(a)  Dunham  Money,  1  m.  (seat  of  Earl 
of  Stamfoid  and  Warringlou),  the 
chief  beant;  of  irhich  is  the  Park, 
famous  for  its  oak  trees  and  avenues 
of  beeches.  Outside  the  park  is  the 
beautiful  Ch.  of  Dunham,  built  by  the 
Earl  at  a  cost  of  20,0002.  Adjoining 
th"  park  on  W.  ia  the  pretty  village  of 
BoUiTujtnn,  on  the  bai^ks  of  the  Bollin. 
(ft)  To  Raalherne,  3  m,  crnasing  the 
prett;  streams  of  the  BoUin  and  the 
Birkin.  The  vilkice  lies  2  m.  W.  of 
AiUey  Stat.,  the  latter  a  good  starting 
point  for  the  valley  of  the  Bollin,  a 
stream  dear  (o  Uie  Cheshire  angler  for 
the  size  and  flavour  of  its  treat!  The 
tourist  should  by  all  means  visit  here 
the  beautiful  Butlherae  Mert,  also  the 
pretty  little  Ch.,  which  overloota  the 
lake,  and  con  tains  some  most  interesting 
and  beautiful  monuments,  especially 
one  by  Westinacott  to  a  member  of  the 
Egerton  family,  who  was  found  dtad 
in  her  bed,  aged  21.  Taiicn  Park 
(Lord  Egertoo)  is  near  the  village 
(gardens  odIt  open  to  visitors  at  2 
o'clock  on  Saturdays).  From  Boa- 
theme  tlie  visitor  can  either 
to  Ashley  Stat.,  or  walk  to  £ 
across  the  Birkin  and  Boll  in  valleys — 
B,  charming  walk ;  or  proceed  to  ^nuta- 
/ord,  i  m.,  joining  the  turnpike  road 
at,  1  m.,  Bucklmii  Hill  (Swan  lanj. 
KniUi/ord  iSoid:  "Royal  George) 
is  the  seat  of  the  county  gaol.  Im- 
mediately on  the  outskirts  of  the  town 
is  tlie  lodge-gate  of  Tatton. 

Aldm  Bat,  see  Wight,  I»U  of. 

Alwinoton,  see  Bideford. 

Alwinton,  see  RolhbuTy. 

AuBCBLET  (Qlouc),  See  Mitickin- 
hampion, 

Amberler  (Sussex),  Stat.,  L. 
B.  &  a  0.  Rly.  1  m.  E.  are  the  re- 
mains of  the  Cattle  built  here  by  Bp. 
Ecde.  temp.  Rich.  II.  The  castle 
formed    a    pamlleli^ram,   having    a 

Xnre  tower  at  each  corner,  rising 
TO  the  walls,  and  two  round  towers 
(B.l  flanking  the  gateway.  The  N. 
wall  is  the  most  perfect  Un  this :  ' ' 
ffas  the  chapel,  of  which  there 


indications.  The  ptesent 
dwelling  in  the  npper  or  Gieen  Court 
was  built  by  Bp.  Sherborne,  1508. 
The  little  Ch.  of  Amberley  wiL  b» 
found  interesting.  It  has  Norm,  and 
E.  E.  portions.  The  S.  door  i«  very 
rich  E.E. 

Bignor  is  3  m.  W.  of  the  stat  at 
Amberley.  (See  C*icft«(ar.) 
Parham  (Lord  do  la  Zoucfae),  2  m. 
.  of  Amberley.  is  one  of  the  moat 
interesting  places  in  Sussex,  but  is 
closed  (o  public  view.  The  bouse  is 
Elizabethan,  and  lies  in  a  fine  old 
chase,  full  of  the  most  picturesque 
scenery.  The  great  interest  of  Par- 
ham,  however.  Ues  in  the  collections 
of  armour,  MSS.,  earl^  prmted  books, 
ancient  gold  and  silver  plate  and 
metal  woA.  early  enamels,  carvings  in 
ivory,  &c.  These  collections  are  not 
generally  shown,  but  (he  rest  of  the 
house  BJid  its  contents  are  usually 
made  accaiixible  to  strangers  with 
great  liberality.  The  various  rooms 
contain  portraits  of  very  high  interest, 
and  in  the  Gallery,  158  Ft.  long,  is  a 
series  of  historicul  family  pictures, 
many  of  whii'h  are  carious.  At  the 
farther  end  of  the  gallery  is  the  chapeL 
It  contiiins  some  good  wood-carving, 
and  early  stained  glas. 

SturrlTtgUm.  Ij  m.  E.  of  Farham, 
has  a  good  Inn  (White  Horse),  which 
will  serve  for  the  tourist's  headquarters 
when  exploring  the  line  of  the  South 
Uowns  between  Midhurst  W,  and  the 
Devil's  Dyke  E.  Atvyidel  is  4j  m, 
distant  by  rail. 

AmbleHlde  (Westmor.).  The 
central  position  of  this  town— which 
was  a  Roman  station — is  convenient 
for  making  short  tours,  Irttti :  Saluta- 
tion H.;  Queen's  H.;  White  Lion, 
There  are  also  excellent  lodging- 
houses.  Otnni  buses  go  iVequently 
every  day  to  head  of  l.ake,  1  m.,  and 
Orafmere,  4  m.,  and  several  conches  to 
WiadermeTe,  6  m.,  ond  Ketaiek,  17  m, ; 
also  daily  lo  CoiiMfon,  9  m..  and  Pat' 
terdtde  (Ullswater  Lake).  The  walks 
are  numerons  and  of  great  beauty :  (a) 
To  the  New  Ch.  (St.  Mary's)  and 
back  by  -the  Knoll"  (Miss  Martl- 
neau's),  1  m.  Leaving  the  ch.,  follow 
the  footpath  through  the  fields  lowatda 


AMBLESIDB-AMESSHAM. 


11 


Iioughrigg  Bnnr,  the  conapiciunu 
mansion  fonoerl;  oocnpied  b;  tLie  Bev. 
a  D.  Bell.  (&>  To  Stoefc  Gaytt  Force, 
the  fumed  waterfall,  a  few  hnndred 
jraxda  onlf  ffom  the  town,  (c)  Ascend 
ffbni/ell  Pifte  (about  2  trs-^i  ro. 
there  and  back),  commanding  magnifi- 
cent views  of  Windermere,  Conuton, 
Brilsl,  Grasmeie,  and  Uorecambe  Bay. 
Tna  highest  inliabited  bouse  in  Eng- 
land, at  lop  of  EirbBtODe  Pass,  ia  also 
disliuolij'  seen,  {d)  To  Rydal,  3  m.  bj 
Fox  How  (late  VLn.  Arnold's  led- 
dence,  widow  of  Dr.  Arnold  of  Kogby) 
and  Pelter  Bridge,  which  croesea  the 
Botha; — a  charming  excnwion.  The 
Lakd^  is  one  of  the  gems  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  should  be  seen  from  its  W. 
bank.  Visit  the  Falls  in  the  grounds 
of  Rydal  Hall  (oCT>Iy  to  the  ^rdener, 
who  resides  opp^wite  llie  entrance  gate 
of  the  Hail).  Bydal  JXount,  where  the 
poet  Wordsworth  lived  and  died,  stands 
a  few  yards  above  the  ch.  The  gate 
is  a  little  above  the  entruice  to  Kydal 
Halt  on  the  1.  Tbe  pretty  ivy-covered 
cottuge  (Nab  Cottage)  in  thut  part  of 
the  road  which  is  close  to  the  water, 
was  once  the  residence  of  Hartley 
Coleridge,  (e)  Ascent  of  Loughrigg 
Fell,  fiom  either  Clappersgalo,  ^  " 
Gill,  or  Loughrigg  Brow.  The 
by  the  last-named.  foUowing  tbe  path 
at  tho  rear  of  the  mansion  (see  Excurs. 
o),  ia  the  most  direct.  (/)  To  Lang- 
dale,  a  charming  drive  of  about  i" 
passing  Clappeisgate,  1  m,~— i 
Bratbay  Ch,  on  the  opposite  bank 
oftheBratbay;  Skelmltk Brid^  3  xa. 
—here  bait  at  inn  and  visit  with 
gnide  Skehoilh  Force,  Leaviog  tb 
bridge,  Mltennaler  Tarn  is  Been,  an 
1  at.  bryood  the  road  to  the  it  leads 
to  Colewith  Bridge.  Here,  at  the 
Farm  House,  tbe  visitor  ehonld  niako 
known  his  wiah  to  see  CoUwUh  For/^e. 
Little  LaDgdale  village  and  Tarn  is 
now  soon  reached,  and  beyond  the 
Tarn  (which  in  nninteresting)  the 
road  skirts  Lingmoor  Feil,  which  repa- 
rates  it  from  tbe  valley  of  Great  Lang- 
dale,  and  at  the  base  of  which,  on  W. 
or  opposite  side  of  the  road,  is 

Siea  Tarn,  8  m.  from  Ambleside, 
the  Bcene  of  the  second  book  of  Words- 
worth's '  Excunion.'    The    seclusion 


of  this  vale  is  complete:  There  is 
still  "One  bare  dwelllDK :  one  abode, 
no  more."  2|m.  beyond,  N.,  is  Am^eon 
Ohylt  (good  Hotel),  and  I  m.  higher 
up  the  valley  MiUbeck  (new  Dungeon 
Ghjll  Bold),  i  m.  bebind  tbe  hotel 
is  the  Full,  which  should  ba  visiUd 
whilst  lunch  is  being  prepared.  From 
tbis  point  the  excursion  should  be 
continued  by  High  Close  (the  mansion 
of  Wheatley  Balme.  Esq.)  and  B«d 
Bank  to  Qnumere,  6  m.  The  return 
drive  may,  however,  be  shortened  about 
1  m.  b;  taking  the  direct  road  past 
Loughrigg  Tarn,  (g)  Asoent  of  Joir- 
field  {Bee  Eiours.  a,  from  Graimere.) 
(A)  To  FalUrdaU  (iJllswaler  Lake),  by 
KLrkntone  Pass,  3  m.,  thence  7  m.  to 
Ullswater  Hotel,  on  margin  of  Lake 
(see  FaO^doU). 

Amertbani  (Bucks.).  Inn»: 
Qriffln;  Crown;  King's  Arms.  Plea- 
santly situate  in  the  valley  of  the  Mis- 
boume,  26  m.  N.W.  from  London.  Two 
coaches  daily.durjng  the  summer,  run' 
from  the  Old  Bell,  HoJbom,  through 
Amersham.  A  railway  is  projected 
between  Aylesbury  and  EickmMiH- 
worth,  passing  between  Amersham 
and  Chesham,  1}  m.  from  each  town, 
The  Ch.  has  been  restored  in  the 
interior,  and  eidarged ;  the  archi- 
tectare  is  noble  and  curious — well 
wortby  inspection.  There  are  amne  fine 
monuments  in  the  ch.  and  mortuary 
chapel  attached. 

Attaohtd  to  tbe  Ch.  at  Cheniet 
(b,  vilhtge  4  m.  E.  of  Amersbam,  on 
the  road  to  Bickmansworth,  where 
there  U  a  station  of  tbe  L.  &  N.  W. 
BIy.)  is  the  Mortuury  Chapel  of  the 
House  of  Russell.  In  it  ace  many 
monuments,  memorials  of  tbe  Russell 
family  ;Dukes  of  Bedford,  &c.),  espe- 
cially thatof  Iddy  Rachel R.,widowof 
the  patriot.  Lord  Wm.  RnsseU.  Near 
tbe  ch.  at  Cheiiiesis  a  fine  old  Minor- 
hoase  in  excellent  preservation. 

From  Amereham  to  Cheekam,  3  m. 
N.  (Inm :   Crowu :   George),  a  moat 

Sicturesque  walk  in  tiie  valley  of  the 
hess — a  famous  trout  stream — by 
Latimeri  (tbe  seat  of  Lord  Chrsham), 


the  seat  of  the  Drake  family,  in  a  fin< 


12 


AMLWCH— AMFTHILL. 


pool  witli  good  pike  fiiihing.  A  fine 
wallt  may  bo  t^en  thnnigli  Shorde- 
loes  Park,  Xinenden.  and  Hampden 
House  (the  modemised  residence  of 
the  patriot  the  ^mooa  John  Hampden, 
who  is  buiiod  in  the  ch.)  to  Velvet 
Iawd,  in  tlie  Chiltem  Hilla,  and 
Cbtqtten,  centaioiag  porttvits  and 
other  interestrng  lelics  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  and  hie  funity.  Train  from 
here  via  Kisborough  to  London. 

Walk  from  Ameraham  to  CcAediiU, 
1  ra.  a,  Waller's  Oak  (Poet  WaUer), 
to  iMlfont  St.  Gilei,  3  m.  See  cot- 
tage where  Milton  lived ;  thence 
through    Beaamifitld   to  High   Wj/- 

Amesbdbt,  see  Saiitbttry. 

Amlwcll  (Anglesey).  23} 
by  rail  from  Bangor.  A  eteamei  calls 
occasionally  from  Liverpool  and  Holy- 
head. JiHw:  Castle;  Dinorben  Anna. 
A  dirty  though  busy  seaport ;  a  har- 
bour has  been  excavated  in  the  solid 
rock,  for  use  of  the  vuseels  engaged 
the  copper  export;  a  breakwater  baa 
also  been  addixl.  'liiera  is  a  modem  ch, 
built  by  the  Mining  Companies,  and  an 
excellent  library  and  reading-room.  At 
1  m.  distant  ia  the  new  little  watering- 
place  of  Ball  Bay,  with  pure  air  and 
flne  beaches,  where  is  gc  '  '  '  ' 
and  batiiing  establishment 

Eteuniont: — 

2}  m.  distant  is  the  Pargi  JHbiintotn, 
the  highest  hill  in  Anglesey,  riddled 
and  quanied  by  the  works  of  the 
Copper  Jfincs,  once  the  most  produc- 
tive in  Britain,    and   source  of  tbo 


is  obtained  by  drawing  off  the  water 
saturated  with  copper,  &om  the  moun- 
tain, and  ovBpoistmg  it  and  smelting 
the  mad  which  remains.  The  proceM 
is  worth  seeing,  A  beautiful  ramble, 
comprising  the  places  of  intwest  on  £. 
coast  of  Anglesey,  may  he  made  to 
Beaumaris,  about  18  m.  (see  Beaa- 
marii).  To  Llanelian,  2  m.  B.  Ad- 
joining the  ch,  by  a  passage  fiom  the 
chancel  is  a  small  ohapel.  It  appears 
t«  have  been  built  as  a  cloister  to  Bl 
Elian ;  it  is  called  the  "  Myvyr,"  or  a 
nlace  of  meditation.  InthLi"Mynr" 
ere  exists  an  old  oaken  box  fixed  to 


thewoU.  The  WeU  of  Mian,  &jmt6r\j 
much  visited  by  pilgrims,  is  now 
nearly  dried  up ;  about  )  m,  from  the 
Tillage  is  Point  (Eliamu,  or  Lytiat, 
where  are  lighthouse  end  signal  sla-  . 
tioDS ;  hence  the  tourist  may  return  to 
Amlwch,  or  strike  into  the  Beaumaris 
route  at  Uanvienllunifo,  •>  m.  distant. 
A  walk  affording  beautiful  coast  views, 
and  aboanding  in  unusoal  number  of 
early  stones  and  cromlechs,  may  bo 
mode  to  Cemaet,  about  4  m.  W. ; 
about  I  a.  N.  of  which  is  Llanhadrig 
Oh.  (said  to  hare  been  fomided  by  Bt. 
Patiick),  on  precipitous  cliff  over-' 
looking  sea;  not  far  from  ch.  is 
Vanueiatum  (the  Church  of  the  Nuns), 
where  are  slight  luinsofacbapcL  From 
Cemaa  it  U  about  2  m.  S.  to  Zilan- 
feeKdl,  a  little  village  formerly  im- 
portant from  quarrying  of  a  marble, 
resembling  "verd  antique,"  in  its 
vicinity.  Olaerve  defensive  character 
of  Ch.,  with  its  rude  Norman  font,  ita 
3-light  E.  windows,  and  a  coCBd  slab 
'  .b  floriated  ilth-ccnt  cross,  3  pil- 
s  or  meini  hirion ;  hence  the  tourist 
may  return  to  Amlwch,  about  4  m.,  by 
way  of  Bodewiyd.  To  Llanerckijmedd 
(see),  6i  m.  by  rail,  7  m.  by  road,  visit- 
ing on  tbo  way  the  f  ar^  Mbantain 
and  the  Cbpper  jtft'nei,  about  2}  m.  S. 
of  Amlwch. 

DManiKa.— Holyhead,  20  m. ;  Llaa- 
gefhi,  13  m.  by  roeid,  13  m.  rait; 
Qaerwen,  17  a.  by  road,  17}  m, 
rail ;  Henoi  Bridge,  18  m.  by  rood. 
Ahfort,  see  Andoter. 
Ampttalll  (Bedj.),  Stet.  Mid- 
land Bly.  There  is  also  a  station 
(Millbrook)  for  Ampthill  on  N.  W.  RIy. 
but  that  is  nearly  2  m.  from  the  Ions. 
Inn*:  Wliita  Hart;  King's  Arms. 
This  is  an  old-fashioned  market-town. 
The  points  of  interest  are  the  ruins 
of  the  house  of  Hoaghion,  and  the 
very  picturesque  Park  of  Amplh^ 
IJm.&om  station.  Both  will  inttvduce 
the  tourist  to  some  of  the  pleasanteet 
scenery  in  Bedfordshire. 

A  field-path  close  below  the'  ch. 
leads  upwsiras  to  the  ruins  of  the  Old 
Hou$e  of  SotighUm,  built  by  Inigo 
Jones,  about  16^,  for  "Sidneys  sister, 
Pembroke's  mother."  The  plan  is  a 
paraUelocram,    with    square    towers. 


AMPTBILL—AMWELL. 


13 


rising  above  the  toofa,  at  the  conwn. 
Thiee  of  the  Tioats  were  richlj  oraa- 
mented;  the  fourth  wiu  plain.  The 
i^tnatioD  of  the  house  is  one  of  great 
beanty;  a  long  avenue  flttetchea  away 
&Dm  the  N.  fiont,  and  the  ground 
slopes  rapidly  towaid  the  great  plai 
of  the  OuBe. 

Turning  W.  from  the  ruins,  a  path 
should  be  followed  along  the  K.  edge 
of  tlie  rising  eround.    Tliis  path  opens 

'o  the  public  road  from  Ampthill  ' 


The  firat  gate  lesda  into  the  p^A  of 
AmpthiB,  and  netu  it,  on  tlie  edge 
of  the  road,  is  a  mound  vith  a  deep 
cireolar  entrenchment  planted  with 
trees.  The  park  is  not  largo,  but  is 
well  timbert^  and  the  ground  is 
varied  and  broken  in  a  verj  pictur- 
esque manner.  Amptkill  Houte  (Lad; 
Wenaleydale)  stands  low,  but  is  large 
and  somewhat  impoeii^.  It  was  built 
in  1G94,  by  the  first  Lord  Ashbum- 
ham ;  was  the  reddenoe  of  Q.  Ca- 
therine of  Arragon  from  1531-3,  and 
in  181S  descended  to  Lord  Holland. 
In  the  gardens  is  a  very  fine  avenue 
of  lime  trees.  Following  the  principal 
drive,  the  site  of  the  old  CaiUe  of 
AmpMU  will  appear  1.,  marked  by 
a  crosc^  erected  oy  Lord  Ossoty  in 
1773. 

Leaving  the  park  hy  the  lodge,  to 
which  the  drive  which  passes  the 
cross  leads  direct,  walk  a  short  dia- 
t«iiee  alrag  the  bigh  road  (turning 
L  from  the  lodge),  and  passing  through 
a  gate  opening  to  a  flr  plantation, 
follow  the  main  path,  nbich  will  bring 
yon  out  into  the  rood  very  near  the 
railway  station.  The  Ch.  of  HoughUm 
Conquettiaabonti  m.  distant  from  the 
Ampthill  railway  station,  and  deserves 

Saytms  or  Havmet  Park  (Rev.  Lord 
JohnThynne),  about  Im.  from  Ampt- 
hill, stands  in  a  park  of  601)  acres, 
abounding  in  One  brees.  The  hou^e 
contains  much  to  interest  the  artist 
and  historian.  A  pleasant  walic  througli 
(he  park  leads  to  the  Church  of 
Uaynes,  a  small  Early  Dec  building, 
which  has  been  entirely  restored  since 
1850,  and  is  well  worth  seeing.   There 


is  a  beautiftd  mortuary  chapel  of  the 
Thynne  family,  designed  Iw  ScM. 

A  drive  of  i  m.  from  Uaynes,  8., 
bringa  us  to  Cloptdil  (3)  m.  K  from 
Ampthill),  about  }  m,  to  E.  of  which 
is  CatOe  Sill,  probably  an  extensive 
Norm,  fortification.  The  C%.  of  Jfaul- 
de».  2  m.,  and  same  disbinoe  from  the 
BlaUon  at  Ampthill,  is  good,  and  de- 
serves uotioe.  It  was  rebuilt,  with 
the  exception  of  tUe  W.  tomer,  in 
185S-9.  In  the  ch.-yard  U  a  mau- 
soleum erected  by  E,  of  Elgin,  1656. 

Amwell,  Aretu  (Herts.),  19 
m.  from  London  by  road,  and  IJ  m.  8. 
by  E.  from  the  Ware  Stat  of  the 
G.  E,  Bly.  (Hertford  Branch).  It  is 
beet  reached,  however,  from  the  St. 
Margaret's  Stat^  from  nbicb  it  is  1  m. 
N.  This  is  one  of  the  prettiest  vil- 
lages in  Hertfordshire.  It  stands  on 
the  it.  bank  of  the  Lea,  but  separated 
from  it  by  the  Lea  Navigation,  the 
O.  E.  Bly.,  and  the  New  Uiver,  which 
here  run  side  by  side. 

From  the  bridge  a  patli  post  the 
George  JV. — a  country  ion  with  a 
la^e  ash-tree  in  front  of  it— leads  to 
the  picturesque  ch.-yaTd,  which  affords 
from  many  points  fine  views  across 
the  valley  of  the  Lea,  and  over  Ware 
I'aik,  though  still  finer  are  obtained 
from  the  bighei  part  of  tlie  hill. 

The  resideoce,  Ama^l  Houee,  of 
John  Soott,  the  Quaker  poet,  is  at 
Jmteell  Eml,  close  to  Wate.  It  is  a 
large,  comfortable,  ISth-cent.  red- 
brick bnilding.  The  famous  grotto 
conatracted  by  Scott  is,  with  a  very 

Eretty  fragment  of  the  garden,  rented 
y  a  nnrserymAn,  who  "  provides  tea 
in  the  grounds,"  and  edmitB  visitors 
to  the  grolto  on  payment  of  6d.  each. 
The  grotto  is  really  curious  in  its  way, 
and  perhaps  tlie  best  preserveil  speci- 
men of  its  class  remaining.  It  is  ex- 
cavated in  the  side  of  a  chalk  hill, 
and  comprises  7  chsmhers,  connected 
by  subterraneotu  passages,  and  veiv 
skilfully  and  ingeniously  inluid  with 
flints,  shells,  spar,  and  fossils. 

Littie  Amwell  (/r?u  .-  Townahend 
Arms ;  College  Arms)  ia  pleasantly 
aituatod  on  high  ground,  about  1  j  m. 
S.W.  of  Great  AmweU.  but  has  iLHIo 
to  atttaot  the  stranger.    About  i  m. 


14 


ANDO  VSR—ABMITA  QE. 


8.,  by  BeHford  HeaO^,  U  Baile^ury 
CotUge,  erected  18(?>;  for  the  E.  ladin 
CompoDy,  and  now  a,  proprietary  col- 
lege. 

Andover  (Hants).  Stat,  main 
line  L.  4  S.  W.  Kly,,  nearly  1  m.  from 
the  town;  also  June,  with  station  in 
the  tawri,  for  Bomae^ .  Redbrldge,  and 
Sonthampt'm.  Jnas :  Star  ami  Garter ; 
WMte  Hart.  The  town  and  valleyoie 
well  Been  Irom  Bary  Hill,  about  1)  m. 
W,,  creBted  with  an  anuleut  camp  of 
unusnal  size  and  importance.  Notice 
the  great  depth  of  the  fosse.  A  wide 
view  is  obtained  N.  of  borders  of  Berks 
and  Wilts:  N.E.,  bilU  about  High- 
clere,EgbUTy,  and  Beacon  Hill;  dueW. 
is  seen  the  remarkable  entrenclimeot 
on  Quoriey  Hill;  and  S,  (marked  by  a 
clump  of  &in),  is  the  great  camp  of 
Dnnelmry.  Under  Buiy  Hill,  8. W.,  liea 
Abbolt'i  Ann,  the  ch.  of  which  formerly 
belon(;ed  to  Hyde  Abbey.  Remains 
of  a  Homan  villa  (now  in  the  British 
Museum)  were  dianovered  at  a  spot 
iu  the  pariah  known  as  Minster  Field, 
Between  the  village  and  Andorer  is 
Balkebary  OT  Folktbury.  a  large  square 
entrenchment,  adjoining  the  road  on 
the  rt.,  and  well  deSned.  The  arcbie- 
ologist  will  also  fiud  some  distinct 
vestiges  of  an  ancient  boundary  to  the 
E.  of  Andovor,  called  the  Devil's 
Djjke,  a  Hefenee,  probably,  of  the 
heights  between  the  rivers  Anion  and 
Test  3  m.  W.  is  Weyhill,  famoaa  for 
its  iincient  &ir,  for  the  sale,  ohiefly,  of 
sheep  and  liops.  commencing  annuall  j 
10th  October.  2  m.  beyond  is  Thtttr- 
lon  Church,  in  which  are  scane  inte- 
resting monnments,  aod  a  very  fine 
brass  of  Sir  John  Lisle,  especially 
worthy  of  nutice.  A  field  path  lends 
to  AmpoTf,  IJ  m.  S.E.  Iq  the  Gh. 
(Bt.  Mary),  notice  the  arches  support- 
ing the  central  tower;  also  the  flam- 
boyant tracery  of  the  chancel  aide 
windows.  A  little  farther  on  is 
Oraidey  f^ioL 

AHOLEBEA  Abbet,  SCO  CamWidgs. 

Anqlesga  (Hants),  see  Forlmtimth. 

Ahotis  Cove,  see  Jin-quay. 

Afbthobfb,  see  Otiiidle. 

Appleby  (Westmorland),  Stat., 
Midland  Rly.,  via  Settle  and  Car- 
lisle line;   also  3S  minutes  by  tail 


fmai  Penrith.  In7i$:  "•TuftonArma; 
King's  Head;  Crown;  Mitre,  Is 
beautifully  situated  on  I.  bank  of  the 
Eden.  'I'he  principal  object  of  in- 
terest is  the  C'osfle,  the  first  mention 
of  which  occurs  in  1088,  and  now  the 
property  of  Sir  H.  Tufton,  Bart.  It 
was  one  of  the  principal  residences  of 
Ann,  Dowager-Counti^s  of  Pembroke, 
who  repaired  and  partially  rebuilt  it 
aftor  it  was  almost  entirely  demolished 
by  CromweU.  The  Great  Keep 
fNorm.),  or  Ctesar's  Tower  (So  ft,  high), 
IS  seen  on  entering  the  lodge  gates. 
The  mansion  contains  some  pictures 
of  historical  interest,  inotnding  one  of 
the  celehrated  Countess  of  Pembroke. 
The  Cli.  (reatored)  is  in  the  Perp. 
style  of  14th  cent.  Observe  ancient 
piscina  and  fine  altm  tombs  of  the 
Countess  of  Pembroke  and  her  mother. 


t.  is  Brovah 
Castle.   The 


(prone  BiuflT),  Inn .-  the  C^tle. 
great  horse  and  cattle  fair  is  held,  a 
30th  Sept.  and  1st  Oct,,  on  a  hill  i  m. 
from  the  town,  which  is  pleasantly 
situated  under  the  Hellbeok  Fella. 
The  Ca»0£,  J  m.  from  the  town,  is  a 
grand  ruin;  the  walls  of  the  Great 
Keep  are  almost  perfect.  This  was 
also  the  occasional  residence  of  the 
C  of  Pembroke.  In  the  Ch,,  erected 
1513,  are  some  carved  oak  pews. 
The  stone  pulpit  bears  date  1621, 
At  Kit&ySteplien,  St«t.,  ^  m.  from 
Muagrave  (Innt :  "King's  H^ ; 
Black  ISuU),  there  is  excellent  trout 
fishing  in  the  river  Eden.  The  Ck.~a 
very  old  one — is  well  worth  a  visit. 
2  m.  8.  is  WhatUra  Hall,  the  patri- 
monial seut  of  the  accomplished  and 
profligate  Philip  Duke  ot  Wharton. 
(1539),  a  consideralile  portion  of  which 
remains.  The  remains  of  othet  castles 
woith  visiting  are  Iiammenidc,  i  m., 
and  Fendragon,  3  m.  from  Wharton 
Hall,  both  hnely  situated. 

Appledobe  (Devon),  see  Bideford. 

Appledobe  (Kent),  see  Sye. 

Ableset,  see  Biggleswade. 

ApmltaKe  (titaff.),  Stat.  L.  £ 
N.  W,  Rly.,  4t  m.  from  UolifieU,  and 
121  m.  from  Stafford.  The  Ch.,  over- 
looking  the  Trent,  has  a  good  Norm, 
doorway  with  grotesque  faces.  On 
opposite  bank  is  the  Ch.  of  Mavayn 


ABNSIDE—ASCOT. 


IS 


Kidware  with  monnmentt  to  Sir  Robert 
UalToisin  and  to  the  Chadwicka.  Ex- 
ournon. — 3  m.  W.  to  Bea^uUteH  Horr], 
of  Anglesey),  one  of  the  moet  broken 
and  pictnreAqne  parks'  m  the  king- 
dom. On  the  Castle  Hill  is  a  lai^e 
British  camp.  On  the  return  to  stut. 
the  archieologiBt  ehonld  make  a  de'tonr 
of  aboat  it  m.,  to  churchea  at  Faraell 
and  Longdon, 

A.mRlde  (Lane),  Stat,  on  Fat- 
ne>s  Rly. :  a  pretty  sheltered  village 
overlooking  Morecombe  Bay.  Two 
hoteU,  besides  lodgiDg-boDsea :  also 
Bmall  pier.  Amtide  Knot  (522  ft.)  is 
on  1.  with  Araeide  Toieer,  a  barder 
stronghold,  both  commanding  fine 
Tiewa.  The  district  poiaesses  mnoh 
interest  fir  the  geologist  and  bi>l«maL 
The  bathiDg  and  bo.iting  are  both 
good.  Hovff  Tarn,  a  smell  lake  to 
rt.  of  rlj.,  is  said  to  contain  immense 
quantities  (rf  pike.  Excartion. — Grange 
(see),  21  m.,  on  opposite  aide  of  Kent 

Arbbtcin,  aee  Wight,  Me  of. 

Abthihotojt,  B60  Leedt. 

Abthou,  see  Barmouth, 

Arandel  (Sussex).  Stat.  L.  B. 
k  S.  C.  Rly.  Inn:  'Norfolk  Arena. 
The  town  consiata  nf  two  steep  stieets, 
mounting  upward  from  the  rivoiAnin 
to  the  CatOe  (  Duke  of  Norfolk),  which 
is  invested  with  more  than  ordinary 
interest,  from  its  history,  its  striking 
position,  and  ita  owners.  Citzalans  and 
Howards.  The  inhabited  portion  is 
never  shown.  The  Keeji  ia  open  to 
the  public  on  Mondays  and  Fridays, 
with  card*  of  admission  procured  at 
the  Norfolk  Arms.  The  great  Pari, 
with  Homes  lower,  a  belvedere,  ' 
always  accessible.  Visitors  to  1 
tteep  must  proceed  to  the  principal 
entrance  lodge  at  the  top  of  the  town. 
The  rampftrta  are  gained  by  a  winding 
staircase,  and  from  them  a  good  notion 
may  be  obtained  of  the  strength  and 
position  of  the  castle,  and  of  the  keep 
itself.  The  viewa  stret<Ji  away  on  all 
sides  and  amply  repay  the  trouble  of 
climbing;. 

Tourists  are  supplied  at  the  Nor- 
folk Arms  with  tidieta  for  seeing  the 
PaiV^,  about  ^  m.  from  the  town.  It  is 
not  worth  a  special  visit.    The  stran- 


ger willdo  better  to  deTote  his  time  to 
the  Park,  the  soenery,  as  well  as  that 
of  the  adjoinin]<  Downs,  beinj^  full  of 
beauty  and  deserving  the  meet  careful 
exploration.  A  gate  opeus  into  it  a 
short  distance  beyond  the  dairy,  and 
close  to  Swanboume  lake.  From  the 
higher  end  of  the  lake  is  a  fine  view 
of  the  castle. 

The  Parith  Chtirclt  of  St.  Nicholas, 
date  ISSO,  is  scarcely  less  interesting 
than  the  castle,  which  it  closely  a<t 
joins,  with  its  superb  Arundel  tombs. 
But  unfortunately  the  public  is  no 
longer  admitted  lo  see  them.  A  brick 
wall  built  by  ihe  D  of  Norfolk  shuts 
offtlie  E.  end  from  the  reel  of  the  Ch. 
the  chapel  of  a  college  founded 
.  Muater  and  12  Canons."  It  is 
large  and  lofty,  and  has  evidently 
of  great  maguiGcence.  Hero 
'e  interesting  Gothic  monuments 
of  Fitznlans,  Bark  of  Arundel ;  many 
Howards  are  also  buried  here.  In  the 
nuve  ia  an  ancient  atone  pulpit.  N.  of 
the  collefie  chapel  ia  the  Lady  cliapel, 
divided  from  it  by  three  pointed 
arches.  Adjoining  the  cli.-yd.  are 
lins  of  the  college  buildings, 
originally  a  quadrangle,  one  side  of 
which  was  farmed  by  the  chapel. 
The  principal  gateway,  at  the  S.E, 
anele,  remains. 

The  Parinh  Cb.  is  surpassed  in  size 
and  grandenr  of  design  bv  the  modem 
Rom.  Calluiic  C\.,  erected  for  the  Duke 
of  Norfolk  in  the  Dec.  Gothic  style  by 
Mr.  Hansom,  inventor  of  the  Hansom 
cab,  at  a  coat  of  100,0001,  It  well  de- 
serves a  vifit — proporlions,  sculpture, 
organ,  &c.,  all  good. 

At  the  foot  of  the  town  are  the 
fragments  of  the  MitinonDieu,  founded 
for  20  poor  men  by  the  builder  of  the 
churcli  and  college. 

An  interesling  excursion  (about  II 
m.)  may  be  made  crossing  the  country 
by  Bignor  [see  Chichuter)  to  Pet- 
■KOTth  (see). 

IAHUhaimpU»>,  which  hos  now  be- 
come a  watering-place  of  some  pre- 
tensions, lies  about  4  m.  B.  of  Arundel. 
It   is   accessible    by    rail    via    Ford 

Asapll,  8«.— See  St.  Asafk. 
'  (Berks.),  Stat,  L.  &  S.  W. 


ASEBOVRSE—ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOVCH. 


Bly.,  29   in.    fe>iii   Waterloo.  Also 

direct    comiiliinicatioD   by   ntil  v 

Alderebot  (see  FARNUORonaH).  Ji 
Station    Hotel.       Tho    Racean 


ir  the  8l 


ItiB 


ia  short  of  2  m.  by  only  BS  yds.  '  The 
laat  IJm.ia  culled  the  jdwioley  Couiae. 
The  rares  tohe  place  early  in  June. 
Ascot  Ueath  (Royal  Satel)  contains 
many  handsome  modem  resi ' 
Ch.  in  E.  E.  style,  the  Koyal 
some  training  establishmeiitB,  and  the 
extensive  naraery  ol  Mesttrd.  Standieh. 
To  the  (*.W.  are  the  StBinley  Woods, 
containing  laanyfern}'  gladoa  aiirt  fine 
old  oake.  SicinUy  Paddock»  are  a  pre- 
serve of  deer  for  Wiadsor  Great  Park. 
2  m.  nearer  London,  and  between 
Ascot  and  Virginia  Water  Stats.,  ij 
SunningdaU  (Stat.),  which  akmnds 
in  beautiful  ecenery.  1  m.  W.  is  f 
niaghilt,  where  there  ia  a  BJiiall 
(WelU  Hold),  once  very  celebrated  for 
the  two  chalybeate  springs,  ivhich  still 
remain  ia  its  old-fashioned  garden. 
Tn  theVicar^e  garden  are  three  trees, 

K"  ,nted  by  Bmke,  Choatertield,  and 
lingbtote  respectively.  At  Bun- 
nii^hiU,  Walter  Scott  visited  Can- 
ning's friend  George  Ellis,  and  "  Mr. 
ana  Mrs.  Ellis  heard  the  first  two  or 
three  cantos  of  the  nnpubliahed  'lay 
of  the  Last  Minstrel,'  under  an  old 
oak  in  Windsor  Forest."  A  very 
little  distance  N.W,  ia  Binfield.  the 
early  home  of  Pope.  The  Ci.  (ajmost 
rebuilt)  has  a  handsome  carved  oak 
palpit  and  a  curious  hour-glass  stand, 
I)  m.  from  tho  ch.  is  a  grove  of  beech 
trees,  a  very  favourite  resort  of  the  poet. 

Ash,  see  Famborough. 

Ajsnboume  (Oerby.l,  Stat,  N. 
Staff.  Rly. :  13  m.  from  Verby  ;  35  m. 
from  Macclesfield :  and  11  m.  from 
Uttoxeter.  Inn .-  Green  Mao.  A  very 
prettily-situated  town  overlooking 
the  vallev  of,  and  1}  m.  from,  the 
Dove,  and  a  good  place  whence  to 
explore  Vovedale  (sec).  The  Ch., 
built  1190  (E.  E.,  with  later  addi- 
tions),  is  cruciform,  and  has  only  a  S. 
aisle.  From  the  centre  rises  a  tower, 
and  fine  octagontU  spire,  212  tt.  high. 
Of  the  MimameHU,  notice  CBpeoially 
the  sculptured  figure,  by  Banks,  of 
Penelope,    daughter   of    Sir   Brooke 


Boothby,  and  the  melanoholy  inscrip- 
tion. The  QramaiaT  School  is  of  IGtb 
cent.,  and  tho  Almihoueet  of  ]7th  cent. 
Aehbouriie  JJaU  '.R.  Frank,  Esq.)  waa 
tlie  lieadqnartels  of  Prince  Uharles 
during  his  visit  in  1745,  Good  trout 
and  grayling  iishing  here  and  at  llam 
(Izaak  Walton  Hotel),  5  m.  AUon 
Tomen  is  9  ni.  distemt  (see  Altan). 
TisHn^ion  villnge,  4  m.  N.  of  Ash- 
bourne Stat.,  is  Doted  for  its  five 
springs ;  and  the  ancient  custom  of 
dressing  these  with  flowers  on  Holy 
Thursday,  called  '^  Floralia,"  or  the 
"  Well  Dreitiing,"  still  prevails.  The 
Hall,  (SirWni.  Fitzbet&ert,Bt.)haa  a 
splendid  chimney-piece ;  and  the  Ch. 
(Norm.)  has  monuments  to  the  Filz- 


Midl.     Rly.      (Inn*.- 

•Royal  Hotel :  Queen's  Head)— ia  an 
old  and  interesting  town,  dependent 
on  tho  neighbouring  coalfield.  The 
Cattle,  the  locale  of  'Ivanhoe,'  to  the 
a  of  the  town,  waa  built  by  Lord 
Hastings,  cbamberluin  to  Edw.  IV. 
The  pnncipal  parts  are  the  tower,  to 
the  K.  of  which  is  the  courtyard,  the 
roofless  chapel,  the  great  hall,  and  the 
kitchen  tower.  There  is  a  triangular 
hnilding,  called  the  Mount  house. 
The  Ch.  (Perp.)  contaliw  a  fine  carved 
screen,  separating  nave  from  chancel. 
MonumenU  —  (a)  Lady  Catherine 
Hastings,  I6th  cent.:  fli)  2nd  E.  of 
HuntLn|;don  and  his  wile,  ISIil ;  (e) 
a  pilgrim,  of  15tli  cent. ;  (d>  bust  of 
Mrs.  Mai^ry  Wright,  1623,  very 
luaint  See  also  the  finger  piliory,  for 
hose  who  were  disorderly  in  church. 
Cloeeto  the  Royal  Hotel  are  the  Jmn- 


repute  in  scrofula,  dyspepsia,  &c.  The 
~~"ieof  the  tonmamenC  in  'Ivauhoe' 
IS  a  plain  I  m.  W.  of  the  town. 

Excunions.—i  m.  B.  to  Coleorton 
HaU  (Sir  Q.  Beaumont,  Bt.).  Hie 
house  contains  good  paintings  (not 
shown),  bnt  the  gardens  ore  shown 
between  10  and  5  o'clock,  on  Monday 
and  Thursday.  A  gardener  must  ac- 
company the  party,  and  application 


ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCS—MHTOX-VNDES-LrHE. 


17 


must  be  made  at  tlie  bead  gardener's. 
There  are  memorials  to  Beamoout,  tlie 
dramatist,  and  Sir  J.  Bejuolds.  aod 
the  view  from  the  terrace  extends  to 
Belvoir  Caatle,  30  miles.  As  there  is 
much  to  eee  in  the  neighbonrliood  of 
the  tumpike  road,  the  tourist  ii  re- 
commenaed  to  drive  between  Ashbf 
and  Leicaler  (18  m.),  petssing,  after 
croasiag  Culeorton  Moor,  WhUxoiek, 
5\  m.,  where  a  remarkable  bed  of 
vhiutitane  or  greenstone  intervenes 
between  the  coaL  measures  nnd  the 
new  red  sandstone.  The  Ch.  (restored) 
is  a  fine  building  of  various  dates. 
Observe  mutilated  figure  on  allar-tomb, 
said  to  be  ia  memory  of  Sir  J.  Talbot, 
a  jtaa  at  gigantic  stature.  It  m.  N., 
on  Loughboro'  rned,  Is  Grace  Diea 
Manor  (A.  L,  Phtllipps  de  Lisle. 
Esq.).  The  B.  C.  cbai>el  contains  2 
beautiful  stained  glass  windows.  The 
Bcantj  but  pioturesquo  ruins  of  the  old 
Nunnery,  tbunded  1236-42,  by  Lady 
JCoeaia  do  Verdou.  and  suppressed 
IS39,  are  a  short  distance  from  the 
mansion.  Here  Beaomont,  the  col- 
league of  Fletcher,  was  born,  ISSti. 
In  the  Ch.  at  BeUon,  2  m.  N.,  is  the 
tomb  and  recumbent  efflgy  of  the 
Lady  Boesia.  1  m.  E.  of  Wliitwick 
is  the  Abbey  of  Mount  St.  Bernard 
(see  also  Bardon  HUl),  the  first  abbey 
complel«d  by  the  Roman  Catholics  in 
En^^and  since  the  Eefonnation.  The 
grounds,  &a.,  are  open  to  all,  and 
well  worth  a  visit.  The  Forest  Book 
Hotel,  affording  fair  accommodation 
for  visitors,  is  close  at  liand.  1  m,  E. 
of  the  monastery  is  Oaks  Chapel,  com- 
monly known  as  Waterloo  Church. 
Betuming  to  main  road,  at  H  m.  from 
Wbitwick,  is  the  site  of  tlie  famous 
Copt  OaJc  (now  marked  by 
modem  ch.),  where  the  Forest  Courts 
were  held.  1  m.  E.,  away  from  the 
high  road,  are  tbe  very  pictuic«que 
lemaiofl  of  Ulcareero/t  Priory  (see  £ei- 
eeiter).  .^i  m.  N.  is  3lMnlon  Harold 
(Earl  Ferrersl.  See  eapccially,  fcimily 
portrait  by  Vandepietf,  and  painted 
ceiling  of  ball-room ;  also  the  old 
gates.  Tbe  Ck.  ia  remarkable  as  one 
of  the  Tcry  few  built  in  the  days  of 
the  Commonwealth.  Notice  interior 
of,  and  inscription  cm,  the  tower ;  also 


carred  panelling  and  military  relics 
in  ch.  1)  m.  beyond  N.E.  ere  tho 
earthworks  called  Breedon  Bulwarki. 
The  Ch.  at  Breedou  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  a  rocky  eminence,  and  «ni' 


)   fine 


of  t 


Shirleya,  and  a  curious  oak  paw. 

AHtafOra  (Derby.),  2  m.  from 
Bakewell  Stat,  Midi.  Rly.  (Inn.- 
Devonshire  Arms),  is  a  very  pretty  vil- 
lage, celebrated  for  its  maiile  uorfci. 
Tbe  Ch.  has  ou  8.  wall  an  efOgy  of  a 
wolf  and  wild  boar,  and  on  inscription. 
.i»/i/or(iflaU(ljordGeorge  Cavendish). 

Excartion».—li  ro.  on  Tideswell 
road,  where  there  is  a  superb  and  sud- 
den view  into  Moaral  Dale  and  Cl«M- 
brook  Dale,  Ihe  Wye  flowing  in  a 
deep  ravine  under  Fin  Cop  and  Brush- 
field  Hough.  From  Monsal  Dale, 
wulk  to  village  of  Taddirtgton  (S  m. 
from  Bakewell),  which  overlooks  a  fine 
reach  of  Vnlo  of  Wye.  The  archte- 
ologist  ahonld  turn  aside  to  Ghelmorloa 
Chardi,  which  has  a  dwarf  stone  cban- 
eel  screen.  A  little  farther  on  is  the 
beautiful  valley  called  Aehmnod  DaU. 
From  Bakewell  to  Buxton  (see),  along 
the.  Wye,  is  12  m.,  a  charming  eicur- 

Abklby,  see  Altri«chiaa. 
ASHOPTON,  see  Halhertage  and  SM' 
jlM. 
Aitbton  -  under  -  Iryne 

(Lanes.)— 3  Stats.,  L.  4  N.  W, ;  Midi. ; 
and  Manch.,  Sheff.  &  Line,  itiys. 
(Park  Parade);  Lane.  &  York.  Klv. 
(Charlestown) ;  Oldham  Branch  (Old- 
ham-road).  Imt:  Old  Boar's  Head, 
Post  Office  in  Uarket-avenue— is  one 
of  the  busiest  as  well  as  one  of  the 
oldest  Lancashire  towns,  having  been 
the  manor  of  the  Asdieton  family 
since  Edw.  lU.  The  manor  now  be- 
longs to  the  Earl  of  Stamford  and 
Warrington.  Several  curious  customs 
have  descended  to  the  present  day, 
such  as  "  riding  the  black  lad "  on 
Easter  Monday,  in  commemoration  of 
Bir  Ralph  Assneton,  who  was  a  noted 
tyrant.  In  the  Ch.,  which  has  been 
much  altered  and  modernised,  are 
effigies  of  the  Asshelon  family,  some 
tabernacle  work,  and  old  Bti>iiied  glass. 
Near  the  ch.  is  the  Mamr  Hail  (a 
residence  of  E,  of  Stamford),  a  loir 


IS 


ATTLEBOBODGH—AXMINHTES. 


two-etureyod  building,  with  loiiod 
towers  at  tho  cometa,  Hupposed  to 
occupy  the  sit«  of  a,  fort  of  tlio  King 
of  Nortljumbria.  Artjoiaing  it  is  the 
■  Duiujeon,  covered  with  ivy,  Tbe  field 
opposite,  crossed  by  the  railway,  waa 
caUed  tho  Oalloait  Meadrm:,  and  wag 
tlie  place  where  the  lords  hung  re- 
fraekiry  vassals.  Cotton  spinning  is 
the  principal  trade  of  Ashlon;  and  tbe 
visitor  should  see  tlie  lahraiy  and 
Baihe,  erected  by  tho  owners  of  tbe 
Oxford  Mills,  1  at.  from  Ashton.  on 
the  Mottram  road,  is  SUiieybridge,  a 
bnay  cotton  town  (inn:  Castle). 

AflHEBST,  SCO  IVinSnV/ge  WdU. 

AsHwooD  Dale,  see  vJsJi/cwd  (Derby). 

Abkkioc,  see  NurthaUertim. 

ASPLEY  G  uiSE,  see  Wobum. 

Aston,  see  BiTtaiiigham. 

Athelnev,  see  Bridnicaler. 

Atuebington.  see  ^Winj/ton. 

Attleboroairh  ( Norfolk  ), 
Stat,  G.  E.  Bly.,  16  m.  from  Norwich. 
Inn :  Tillutt's,  near  the  stat.  This 
is  ouo  of  tbe  few  places  in  Norfolk 
of  wbioli  the  termination  (borough, 
burgb)  indicates  that  thesite  was  at  a 
very  early  period  rendered  defensible. 
A  college  of  the  Holy  Cross  was  osta- 
bUshed  hero  (1387— H05),  but  none 
of  the  collegiate  buildings  reraaiD. 
The  Ch.  is  fine  and  interesting,  and 
well  deserves  notice.  The  nave  is 
lofty,  and  tlie  simple  and  well  de- 
signed open  roof  should  be  remarked. 
The  carved  pulpit  was  biousht  from 
a  London  church.  Al  the  W.  end  of 
tho  nave  Is  tho  fine  rood-tareen,  re- 
moved from  its  proper  place  in  1845. 
Outside  the  ch.  remark  the  fine  com- 
liositjon  of  the  N,  porch,  witli  its  por- 
vlso   chamber.    At  Neu!  Bunl 


E.)  ( 


a  of  I 


is  a  boro,  supposed  to  be  the  Norm, 
chapel  of  St.  Mary,  still  nearly  per- 
fect, and  cased  with  brick.  The  Ch. 
(Perp.)  deserves  notice.  At  Old 
Buek^thant  (3  m.  from  Attleborougb) 
are  some  very  scanty  traces  of  nn 
Augustioian  priory,  founded  by  Wil- 
liam d'Albini,  before  1156,  ou  the  site 
of  a  eastle  which  was  destroyed. 
On  bis  way  (1  m.)  to  the  Buckon- 


bams,  the  visitor  will  cross  Dunn's 
Bank,  a  bank  and  ditch  which  ex- 
tended across  the  elevated  ground  be- 


:  MarS/oroagh, 

AvEviNG,  see  Minchinhampton. 

AvETOH  GiFFABD,  Bee  Kiogihridge. 

AviNQTON  (Berks.),  see  Newburi/. 

AwLTscouDE,  see  Soniton. 

Axbrldg**!  (Somerset.).  Stat 
G.  W.  Rly.  (Cheddar  VaUey  Branch). 
Inn;  Lamb.  This  is  a  very  ancient 
little  lown,  still  possessing  a  corpora- 
tion, and  holding  charters  renewed  by 
different  kings  from  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor to  James  I.  (now  lost).  It  is 
tlie  central  depfit  for  the  agricultural 
produce  of  the  Cheddar  Valley.  The 
Ch.  is  a  large  handsome  cruciform 
building,  with  good  lower  and  pierced 
parapet.  A  ourious  wooden  roof, 
adorned  with  huge  pendants,  bears 
date  1636. 

Cheddar  {Stat,  li  m.)  is  famous  for 
its  neighbouring  cliffs  and  careme, 
(See  Cheddar.-) 

AxE  Edge,  see  JSacdeiJidd  and 
£uxton, 

Altiulll8f«r  (Devon.),  Slat., 
L.  and  a  "W,  Rly.  (145  m,  from  Lon- 
don), for  Lyme  Regit  (5  m.)  and 
ChormouUr  (BeeLt/me  lUgii).  An  om- 
nibus runs  three  times  daily  between 
tlieatation  andLyme  Regis  and  a  spring 
van  once  daily  to  Charmouth,  Tho 
town  (Iniw;  George;  Old  Bell^  is 
seated  on  an  eminence  above  the  river 
Axe  in  a  very  pretty  country.  Onca 
colebmtmt  fur  its  carpets,  but  the  ma- 
nufacture is  now  removed  to  WOton. 
It  prohijjly  occupies  the  site  of  a 
British  atroughold.  Tho  Miiuter  Is 
the  only  interesting  feature  of  the 
town.  It  was  founded  portly  in  the 
time  of  Athelstane,  but  tiie  most  an- 
cient part  existing  is  a  Norm,  arch  at 
E,  end  of  S.  aisle.  Tbe  building  now 
exhibits  3  styles  of  Pointed  architec- 
ture. See  on  each  side  of  chancel  a 
painted  effigy,  IStli  cent.  Excureioius 
should  be  made  to  Ford  Abbey  (see 
Chard),  7  m.;  Cli.  of  Uplpite,  4  m. 
(tbe  omnibus  posses  it  on  ttie  road  to 
Lyme  Regis),  beautifully  situated  in  a 
laiid-lccked  valley,  immediately  within 


A  YLESBVnY—A  YLSHAM. 


19 


Hie  range  of  cli&'s;  MtuJurn  (jh.  aud 
llill,  3  m.  S. ;  theocc,  3  m.,  to  Sealoii 
or  Axmotith,  see  Lyme  ltegi». 
ArcLiFPB,  see  Darlinglim. 
Aylesbury  (BudteO^  ^^i;  42) 
m.  from  BuBton  Sqoaie  (change  at 
CbeddJDgkiii  June),  and  49J  m.  from 
Paddington.  Inrte :  Cr«wn ;  Guorgu. 
Thifl  is  uBUflJly  considered  the  county 
tomi,  the  BssizeB  and  qnaiter  seeeioDS 
being  now  held  hero  instead  of  at 
BucMDgbain.  It  standa  on  high 
gronad,  an  outlying  masa  of  oolite, 
whibt  the  Vale  of  AyUebary  owee  ita 
fertility  to  the  Kimmeridge  olay.  A 
large  buainess  is  done  here  in  straw- 
plaitiug,  and  in  the  Bolo  of  ducklings, 
which  are  reared  and  sent  to  Lod£id 
in  enormous  numbers. 

The  Ch.  of  St.  Mary  ia  a  lino  E.  E. 
structure  (c.  12S0).  nitli  numerous  al- 
terations and  additiona,  and  having  a 
beautifully  restored  chancel  and  a 
curious  sacristy.  A  short  2  m.  from 
the  town,  on  the  Thame  road,  is  Hart- 
vM  House  (not  shown).  The  museum 
formed  by  the  late  onuer  (Dr.  Lee,  d. 
18GG)  contains  a  fine  collection  of 
local  fossils,  some  Egyptian  antiqui- 
ties, old  MSS.,  &c.  ^utwell  waa  the 
abode  (1810-14)  of  the  exiled  Louis 
XVIELaadtheDuchessd'AngoulSme, 
the  "Child  of  tho  Temple."  IJm. 
further  W,  is  Uinfcn.  Notice  carious 
sculpture  in  the  tympanum  of  3.  door- 
way. 

Ay  Islutiii  (NorfoUi).  Innn : 
Black  Boys;  Di^.  This  town  stands 
in  ■  rich,  pleasant,  and  well-wooded 
conntry,  callod  the  "  Oarden  of  Nor- 
Mk,"  about  midway  between  Norwich 
and  Cromer.  It  is  situated  on  tbo 
river  Bure.  The  proportions  of  tho 
Gh,  (restored)  are  unusually  good. 
The  font  is  fine,  and  has  been  re- 
stored.   The  pulpit  is  Jacobean. 

An  intorestiog  excursion  (about 
7  m.)  may  be  made  to  the  churooes  of 
Caaitoti  and  SaUe  (pronounced  laul), 
returning  by  BUckUny. 

Caattaa  CL  m  a  verr  fine  Perp. 
building,  on  no  accoun  t  to  be  neglected 
by  the  antiquary.  A  fine  Perp.  arch 
opens  to  the  tower,  the  lowest  story 
of  vhich  forms  a  gallery,  open  to  the 
ohnrch.    Scooe  of  the  old  bench-ends 


remain.  a.Dd  are  *ery  good;  bat  the 
glory  of  the  nave  is  ite  magnificent 
open  roof,  one  of  the  finest  of  its  data 
in  Kugtand.  The  scrolLi  and  other 
patterns  painted  on  tlio  scr«en  de- 
serve notice.  On  the  exterior,  remark 
the  gurgoyles  and  parapet,  the  but- 
trcBBea  of  panelled  Hint,  the  sanctus- 
bell  on  the  E.  gable  of  the  nave,  and 
the  massive  tower  with  its  fine  but- 
tresses. 

Salle  Cli.,  standing  on  hi^h  ground, 
and  commandiDg  a  wide  view,  is  an- 
other fine  Norfolk  Ch.,  Perp,  thtough- 
ont  Observe  the  open  wood  roof, 
with  bosses,  anil  stalls  and  misereres, 
well  carved,  in  the  cbancel.  The /out, 
on  which  are  the  7  aacramunta,  haa 
a  lofty  and  light  cover.  Without,  re- 
mark the  termination  of  the  buttrossea , 
the  N.  and  S.  porches,  and  tUe  lofty 
tower,  with  fine  portal,  and  enriched 
parapet. 

Both  of  these  churches  are  excellent 
examples  of  Norfolk  Perp..  with  noble 
roofe,  peculiar  lower  galleries,  imd 
njucb  heraldic  stonework. 

BlicMing  Halt  (Marquia  of  Lothian), 
one  of  the  finest  old  brick  mansions  in 
the  country,  for  the  most  part  dating 
from  the  reign  of  James  I.  It  posses^ea 
a  special  interest  as  having  been  an- 
ciently the  seat  of  the  Bolejns,  and,  it 
is  supposed,  the  birthplace  of  Anne 
Boleyn.  Bxtematly,  it  preserves  its 
ancient  character  unchanged.  It  is 
mouted,  and  encloses  a  double  quad- 
rangle. There  are  numerous  project- 
ing oriel  windows,  and  pointed  gables, 
with  a  central  porch  in  the  pnncipol 
front  Tho  hall  and  grand  ataircaae 
k  are  of  large  dimensions.  Tho 
tibraiy,  a  beautiful  room,  contains  an 
unuBueJlv  valuable  collection  of  about 
10,000  volumes.  The  Park,  well  timb- 
ered, with  the  grounda  and  gardens, 
containa  1000  acres,  including  a  sheet 
of  water  nearly  a  mile  long,  and  400 
yards  broad. 

"  'aianctl. —  Cromer,  10  J  m. ;  Erpiug' 

.  Ch.  (worth  a  visit),  31  m.;Gunton 
Hall  (Lord  Suffleld),  5  m. ;  Bammg- 
ham  Hall,  5  m.,  a.  good  example  of 
Early  17-cent.  architecture.  In  the 
ch.  are  some  handsome  monuments  to 
Palgrave  family;  Noncieh,  12  m. 


so 


BACUP—BALA. 


Atsoabtu,  86e  Norihalterlon. 

Babbacwmse,  see  Torqiiay. 

Bacton,  see  VPalthan,  NmHt. 

ttacnp  (Lane.)— Stat,,  L.  &  Y. 
Ely.  (no  good  Inn) — is  a  manufactur- 
iug  town  wjmewJjat  noted  for  Its  co- 

Tmtiie  cotton  factories  in  the  heart 
the  district  knonti  a«  Jtottendale 
Forett,  the  open,  breezy  oioars  of 
which  are  very  pleasant.  The  pedes- 
trian should  valk  (no  conveyance)  to 
Buraley,  7  m.,  poEBUig  on  hifl  close  to 
Bacup  a  lai^  earthwork  called  The 
Dikee,  1810  ft.  long,  and  supposed  io 
have  been  Daniab,  At  the  bead  at 
the  valley  is  the  source  of  the  IraeU. 

Badger,  see  BridgiwIA. 

Badminton,  see  Chipping  Sodbvrs. 

Babsev,  see  Umiham. 
Baliewell  (Derby.),  Stat.,  Mid. 
BIy.,  for  Eaddon  Hall,  1  m,,  and 
Cliatgia/rthjim,  inn :  Buttand  Arms 
H.  Excellent  fishing  for  grayling 
and  trout ;  tickets  obfained  at  the 
ion.  A  amall  town,  beautifully  situ- 
ated on  the  rt.  bank  of  the  IVye  and 
on  dopes  of  a  wooded  hill.  Thi  ^ 
has  an  octagonal  tower  and  spire. 
Norm.  detulB  at  the  W.  end,  vi_  , 
triple  recessed  doorway  vrtth  figores 
and  an  arcade  with  zigzag  work.  The 
chancel  and  S.  transept  are  E.E.  Mo- 
namenU:  (a)  io  Sir  J.  Veinon,  H77; 
(b>  i«  the  Manners  family ;  («)  Sir  G, 
VemoQ  and  his  two  wives  ;  ^)  to  his 
daughter  Dorothy  and  Sir  J.Maoners, 
with  whom  she  eloped  ftom  Haddon ; 
(e)  to  Sir  G.  Manners,  their  son,  1623 . 
(/)  an  effigy  of  Sir  T.  Wendesley 
killed  at  Shrewsbury  1403:  (ff)  muni 
monument  to  Sir  G.  Foljambe  end  bis 
wife,  1385. 

JSicum'oTM.— To  Eaddon  Hall  1 
and  Cbatsworth  4  m.    To  the  sou 
of  the  LathlnU,  in  a  cavern  opposite 
Parson's  Tor.  5  m. 

Bala  (UerioneUi.),  Stat.  G.  W. 
Bly.  viB.  Budbon,  on  the  Branch  from 
Llangollen  toDolgelley.  Jnn»;  *P1bb- 
COchH.;  White  Eon  H.;  Bull.  The 
town,  supposed  to  have  been  a  Konian 
station,  is  situated  close  to  the  outlet  of 
tho  Dee  from  Bala  lake — the  largest 
Wales — about  4  m.  by  }  m. ;  the  walk 
round  the  lake,  however,  via  Llanutcch- 
''.yn  Cli.  and  rallwuy  siatio;i,  is  about 


12  m.  The  most  bc&utiful  views  of 
the  lake  are  from  the  Mallwyd  road, 
~ie  £.  border:  the  louriat  should 
also  ascend  one  of  the  neighbouring 
tuountaioB  for  a  view  of  Bala.  The 
geology  of  the  district  is  very  interest- 
ing. 

Excitnioni.— To  DolfjeOey,  19  m. 
(J  hr.  by  railway) ;  at  2^  m.  is  Llati-y- 
Cil ;  2^  m.  beyond  wbicb  tbo  river  Lla- 
ikr  is  crossed  at  Glart-y-Llya,  to  rt. 
of  which  the  Areiiig  towers  up  to  the 
height  of  2809  ft.  .  The  ch.  tower  on 
other  side  of  the  lake  is  that  of  Uan- 
gouier;  H  m.  IHirther  on,  on  rt^  is 
Caer  Gai,  supposed  to  have  been  a 
Boman  fort :  I  m.  finther  on,  on  I.,  is 
village  of  iXanuiechUyn  (Slat.),  in 
Ck.  of  which  is  monument  of  a  knight 
who  had  to  protect  tho  judges  in  their 
aasize  journeys.  From  this  point  tlie 
tourist  may  divei^e  by  road  on  W.  of 
tho  lake,  which  leads  to  Dinua  Mow- 
ddwy  and  Mallwyd  by  tbe  mountain 
pass  Bwlcli-y-Groea,  "pass  of  tho 
Cross,"  and  Uirough  the  wild  heights 
of  tbe  Aran  range.  From  same  point 
may  also  be  caBily  visited  tbe  scanty 
ruins  of  CastcU  Csm  Dochan,  on  a 
bill,  with  good  view,  of  same  name, 
lower  down  which  ia  the  Castell  Com 
Dochan  gold  mine.  FromLlanuwchlyn 
Btat.  the  railroad  gradually  aseeuda 
valley  of  the  Dyfrdiey,  which  risee  near 
summit  of  Aran  Banllyn,  wb[ch  wilh 
the  still  loftier  Aran  Mowddwy  rises 
1.  to  2955  ft.  At  2J  m.  beyond  Llan- 
uwchllyn,  after  a  tedious  ascent,  the 
valley  of  the  Wnion  is  entered,  and 
Cader  Idris  is  seen  in  the  distance. 
8  m.  further  on,  on  I.,  ia  Doleran, 
and  on  rt.  Xaiaum  Port,  the  beau- 
tit\il  demesne  of  J.  Vnugban,  Esq. 
2  m.  further  on  is  Dolgelley  (which 

6.  To £(anriaiair-wn-JtfDcAaii(, about 
18  m. 

Crossing  Dee  at  head  of  lake,  and 
leaving  rt,  CatleU  Gronw,  an  ancient 
British  fort,  at  2  m.  tbe  Himant  is 
crossed.  From  this  point  the  tourist 
may  diverge  by  a  bridle  imd  wliich 
travoraes  the  dingle  to  the  head  of  the 
Himant  and  crosses  the  wateished  to 
the  valley  of  the  Fyruwy,  paasing  at 
1  m.  Plat  Bhiicaediy,  near  which  VTOi 


BALA—BAMBOBOVGH. 


21 


ibogbt  a  battle  between  tbe  Britons 
and  Saxons.  2  lu.  bcj'ond  this  is 
Aberhiinanl  (H.  Eichfidson,  Esq.), 
above  vbich  riaea  a  etecp  isnge  of 
preeipices  called  Craig-moel-y-dina8. 
Beturning  to  main  route,  at  2  m. 
beyond  point  nliere  Himant  is  croBecd, 
near  Poat  CaUtticr,  tbe  road  ascends 
the  wild  rangea  of  the  Berwyns,  pnst- 
iog  2  a.  fuctber  on  road  1.  to  Llan- 
driUo  (see  Corwen) — 2  m.  bej'ond 
which  point  it  enters  on  the  Hiltir- 
gerig,  "  tbe  stony  mile ; "  4  m.  fnrtber 
on  ia  reached  the  bcantiful  villas  of 
Uangijnaog,  in  neighbourhood  of  which 
are  serentl  lead  minea.  The  tourist 
should  not  omit  to  visit  from  here  Pea- 
(idnf  MelangeU.  2}  m.  distant,  in  the 
sinfcular  Ch.  of  which  is  carred  wood- 
work ropresontitig  legend  of  St.  Mona- 
celltt.  From  Lbogynnog  the  rotui 
follows  rt.  bank  of  the  Tanat.  and 
passing  st  2  m.  a  picturesque  defile, 
soon  after  ctossps  river  at  PenuftoiiJ, 
whence  it  is  about  3  m.  to  Llan- 
rliaiadr. 

To  Dinof  Mowddwn,  about  16  m., 
thrm^h  wild  and  magnificent  oonntry. 
At  about  3  m.  S.W.  is  Llangower,  on 
E.  shore  of  Bala  lake  :  close  hj  is  an 
erect  stone.  Tbe  load  soon  after 
enters  valley  of  tbe  Twrch,  and  pass- 
ing on  rt.  Aran  Benllyn  and  Aran 
Mowddwy,  proceeds  by  Llan-y-Mow- 
ddwy  and  valley  of  the  Dyfl  lo  Dinaa 
Mowddwy  (which  see).  The  excur- 
sion may  be  continued  2  m.  further  to 
pretty  vilhige  of  Mallwvd. 

To  the  Areniyt  and  Arenig  JAm». 
At  about  7  m.  N.W.  is  reached  mud- 
y^Fen,  where  is  small  roadside  pnblic- 
honse.  Immediately  overhanging  rond 
is  the  loHy  ArenigVach;  nnder  the 

{recipices  of  the  N.  eecarpment  lies 
iyn    Arenig    Vach,    wliicn,  with 
Blight  breeze,  affords  veiy  flne  spoi 
2  m.  S.  of  Bhyd-y-fen  is  Arenig  Pat. 
(2809  ft.),  wliich  with  the  Aronig  Vaoh 
forms   one    of   the   finest   groaps 
Wales.    From  summit  is  magniQcent 
view  of  Bala  district  and  hills  around 
Dinna   Uowddwy  and  Mallwyd.    At 
N.W.  foot  of  the  mountain  lies  lAyn 
Arenig  Vaar,  a  deep  pool  with  fine 
tront  but  very  shy ;  from  the  tna  the 
tourist  may  also  take  a  mountain  tond 


to  liyn  TrgUKTgn  (fishing  poor),  or 
continue  by  ratd,  13  m.,  to  J^edfniog, 
"i  m.  beyond  which  again  is  Tan-y- 

lujleh.  To  Coneen,  by  direct  road 
12  m.,    or   by   Vale    of    Edeyrnion, 


Ely.,  4  m.  E.  of  Belford,  and  about 
equidistant  from  Berwick  and  Aln- 
wick. JntM :  *Crewe  Arms ;  OMtle. 
E.  of  the  village  ia  Bamborough  Cattle, 
dating  originally  from  550,  splendidly 
situated  on  triangular  rock  overlook- 
ing sea.  The  main  entrance  is  a 
gateway,  flanked  by  two  towers.  Od 
N.  side  of  the  inner  bailey  is  the 
Seep,  a  massive  aquaro  tower  probably 
begun  temp.  Bufiis :  inside  is  the 
mouth  of  the  very  ancient  draw-well. 
145  ft.  deep  in  tlie  solid  rock;  a  room 
on  the  1st  floor,  called  the  CauW-rooni, 
has  some  tapestry,  portraits,  and  cn- 
rious  old  prints ;  in  adjoining  ap«rt- 
mont  are  preserved  some  weapons ;  on 
2nd  floor  is  the  library  founded  by 
Archdeacon  Sharp,  177S,  containing 
interesting  pamphlets  and  curioaities ; 
the  passages  in  upper  part  of  the  keep 
are  in  the  thickness  of  tbe  wall ;  from 
the  windows  is  wide  and  remarkable  - 
view.  At  B.E.  angle  of  the  outworks 
are  remains  of  St.  Peter's  ClMipd.  dis- 
covered 1773 :  the  chancel.  36  ft.  long 
and  20  broad,  ends  in  semicircular 
apse,  in  centre  of  wliich  stood  the 
altar.  Rt  of  the  Castle  Garden  is 
the  Gh;  dedioaled  to  SL  Aidan,  a 
fine  cruiafonu  edifice,  with  W.  tewer 
opening  on  nave  and  aisle  by  3 
arches;  a  monument  by  Chantrey 
commemorates  the  Sharp  family;  the 
B.  E.  chancel  is  of  unusual  length 
and  beauty,  and  is  surrounded  by 
arcade  of  lancet  arches,  with  trefoiled 
stained-glass  windows ;  on  either  side 
altar  is  a  piscina;  there  are  alao  3 
sedilia  and  crosS'leggod  efflgy  called 
Sir  Lancelot  du  Lake;  in  S.  wall  it  a 
remarkable  hagioscope ;  in  the  chan- 
cel, fitted  up  with  oak  stall-work,  is 
monument  erected  by  T^y  Crewe  to 
her  brothers;  beneath  is  an  £.  E. 
!  crypt,  con»stins  of  2  chnmbers,  the 


BAMBOROVGH. 


first  highly  fluifibed  with  groined  rooF, 
and  2  pointed  niudons  at  E.  end;  on 
B,  mdo  atone  shelf  are  coffins  of  the 
Forstor  family;  in  cft.-yd.  should  be 
noticed  the  beautiful  monument  to 
Groce  Darling.  Near  entrance  of  the 
village  from  Belford  traces  of  the 
Au^^tine  Friary  may  be  eeeu  in  a 
ruined  wall.  A  pleasant  walk  may 
be  taken  N.W.  of  the  village,  by  as- 
cending tho  wild  and  rocky  Bjidle 
Situ,  whence  there  'ia  fine  view  of 
the  castle,  with  the  Fame  Islands 
behind ;  beyond  the  hills  are  Warri- 
ham  Plais,  or  Bitdie  Bay,  running 
2t  m.  inland.  Descending  to  the 
shore,  tie  pcdoatrian  may  return  io 
the  village  by  tlie  NorOt  Bockt,  along 
the  sandhilk,  obtaining  a  aplendid 
view  of  the  castie.  3  m.  S.W.  of  Bara- 
borongb,  near  a  &rm  called  "  Glower 
<ieT  him,"  are  the  beautiful  Spin^e- 


.  1  hiU  t  . 
both  of  a  Homan  and  Daniah  camp. 
Abont  3  m.  S.W.  of  the  hill  is  Tvnzell 
Sotue  (P.  I.  Selby,  Ee^.),  where  is 
fine  omitbalogical  collection,  especially 
rich  in  the  local  sea-birds;  in  the 
grounds  Uie  little  river  Waren  flows 
Uirough  a  beautiful  miniature  but 
rooky  dene. 

Excartiora  may  also  be  made  &om 
Bamborough  (1)  to  tlie  Fame  JiIutuIi 
(2)  to  Holy  Jjtond.  (1)  The  exonr- 
iion  may  be  made  either  from  North 
8u3iderutnd,  about  4  m.  S.E.  of  Barn- 
borough,  or  from  MoiHuhotiee  (halfway 
between  Bamborough  and  N.  Sunder- 
land), an  inn  much  freqaent«d  by 
artists  and  fiBbenuen,  To  visit  all 
the  islands,  a  pass  mnst  be  procured 
at  the  castle ;  a  boat  thither  costs  1CI<_ 
and  the  boatmen  expect  to  be  fed 
during  the  day.  The  excursion  should 
only  be  made  in  settled  weatlier,  or 
visitors  may  be  detained  on  the  islands, 
IJ  a.  ftmn  the  mainland,  and  sepa- 
rated from  it  by  the  Faineay,  is  the 
largest  iidand,  called  Houee  Itland, 
containing  about  IC  acres;  on  the  E. 
it  luis  precipitous  basalt  cliffs ;  on  "W. 
it  is  open  to  the  sea  ;  the  landing- 
place  is  in  a  small  bay  on  N.E.  of  tbe 
island;  close  by  aie  a  chapel,  a  tower, 
and  a  few  scattered  gravestones,  with 
^  stone  coffin.    The  rude  and  primi- 


tive Chapel  ia  said  to  occupy  site 
of  the  oratory  of  St  Cuthbort ;  it  is 
probably  700  years  old ;  the  interior 
was  fitted  up  by  Archdeacon  Thorpe. 
iSiit.  The  square  buildiog  close  bj 
it  is  called  Prior  dwteWs  Towkt 
(15th  cent);  beyond  is  a  chasm  in  the 
rock  called  St.  CuOiberft  Gut,  and 
further  still  the  Chum,  through  which 
the  sea  sometimes  roars  up  90  ft 
There  are  2  lighthouses  on  this  island. 
The  plantcalled  "Wilches* Thimbles" 
{SHene  maritima)  appears  to  be  the 
solelivingthing  whicliflourishes.  Just 
beyond  the  House  Island  are  the  Eatl 
and  Wetl  Wid^-openg,  and  the  Kaxe>, 
which  again  arc  separated  by  Staple 


fi  (In 


the  passage  is  dangerous  from  the 
rocks  called  Ox  Scan,  on  N.,  and 
the  Crumttone  (inhabited  only  by 
seals)  on  S.  The  chief  of  the  group, 
called  Staple  Island,  is  walled  in  by 
hasaltjc  clifl^ ;  (he  Pinnacles,  isolated 
rocks  .40  ft.  high,  and  12  ft.  from 
shore,  are  covered  with  sea-birds,  for 
which  these  islands  are  famous.  The 
bird -keeper  lives  on  Brovmeman's 
Iiland,  where  is  an  old  tower.  Fur- 
ther N.  are  the  Wavmuei,  where  the 
eider-duck  chiefiy  breeds.  Most  sea- 
ward of  all  the  islands,  except  the 
sunken  rook  called  NaveitoM,  is  the 
Longflmie  Boch,  which  is  only  4  ft 
above  high-water  mark.  The  toll  red 
lighthouse  on  it  is  worth  ascending 
for  remarkable  view  of  the  islands ;  it 
is  also  interesting  as  having  been  the 
home  of  Grace  Darling.  (2)  At  Budle 
Bay  (see  above),  the  little  river 
Waren  enters  the  sea.  This  may  be 
forded  by  carriages  at  low  water,  and 
the  drive  continued  to  the  point  oppo- 
site Holy  Island,  called  the  Old  Lain. 
From  this  point  Holy  Island  is  reached 
by  boat.  The  island  is  2|  m.  iiom 
E.  to  W.,  and  IJ  m.  from  N.  to  S. 
The  village  is  on  the  S.W.,  and  baa 
2  tolerable  Inni,  the  Northumberland 
Arm>  and  the  Selby  Artru.  In  clifia 
near  tho  sea-shore  are  several  caves ; 
the  landing  -  place  is  a  little  cove 
girdled  in  by  yellow  rocks;  on  one 
side  are  the  ruins  of  the  Prtory  Ch. 
(which  is  not  identical  with,  bnt  built 
the  rnins  of  the  ancient  catJiedrnl 


of  Lindisfame,  in  1093) ;  it  is  bnllt  of 
red  sandBtoDe,  and  is  a  perfect  model 
of  Durham  Cathedral  on  a  sraall  8(»le. 
It  IB  entered  from  W.  by  ligzag 
moalded  doorway ;  the  tower  is  gone, 
but  soapeoded  aciosd  enlrance  of  choir 
TomainB  one  of  the  ribs  of  the  roof, 
known  aa  the  "  Rainbow."  On 
rui™  of  the  monaiteri/.  A  ling 
chea  -  clumney  remains.  Near  the 
raina,  on  the  pedeOal  of  SI.  CalhberCt 
Crosa,  is  a  Ktone  copy  of  the  original 
cross.  W.  of  the  nuns,  and  of  almoBt 
equal  antiquity,  is  the  present  K.  E. 
CA,  restored  1862.  Many  of  the 
tMubstonea  are  curious.  Beyond  the 
Port  of  the  Tillage,  on  curious,  coni- 
cal rook,  is  the  CaitU  (1500),  ap- 
prockched  by  road  round  edge  of  the 
cliff.  From  the  oastte  piatforra  la  fine 
view  over  the  desolate  islEind.  which 
ends  E.  in  a  point  called  EmamKl 
Head. 
Bampton,  aee  Dtdverton. 
BAifFTON-iH-TiiE-BrBH,  Bee  Wiiney. 
Sanitary  (Oion.),  Stat.,6t.  W. 
and  L.  ft  N.  W.  Rlya. :  also  junction 
for  Northampldn  via  Bltsworth.  7niu  .- 
Red  Lion ;  White  Lion.  A  clean  and 
well-huOt  t«wn  on  the  Cherwell, 
taining  several  good  old  houses,  dating 
from  1570  to  1648.  At  a  abort  dis- 
tance on  tbe  Cliipping  Norton  mad 
ia  a  anpposed  Roman  ampliitheatre, 
known  now  bj  the  name  of  tbe  Beai 
Garden.  2}  m.  8.W.  ia  Brmightim 
Ciutle  (Lord  Saye  and  8ele),  a 
raderable  portion  of  which  dates 
1301  to  1307,  and  is  well  deserving  of 
carel^I  study.  The  hsll,  containing 
interesting  portraits;  the  aeci^t  stait- 
case,  leading  to  a  chamber  in  which 
aeeUngs  were  held  to  oi^nise  reaiat- 
Mce  to  Chas.  I.;  the  "old  Barrack 
room,"  where  some  Parliamentary  sol- 
liiers  were  quartered  before  battle  of 
Edgehili;  and  the  chapel,  are  the 
more  interesting  portions.  The  3  dif- 
ferent periods  of  the  castle  are  the 
Mth  cent,  of  the  De  Brongbtont 
the  15th  of  the  Wykehama,  and 
the  16th  of  tbe  Fienneses.  Close  to 
tbe  gatehouse  is  tl)e  CL,  which  con- 
tains a  fine  stone  chancel-screen,  and 
an  interesting  series  of  tombs.  1  ni, 
8.W.  is  TadTOarUm,  and  1   m.  W.  of 


Tadmart«n  is  Sicalclife,  Madmanton 
Camp  being  cloae  to  the  latter.  3  ra. 
N.W^  is  WroiUm  Abbey  (Lt-Col. 
North),  the  interior  of  wliicli  contains 
much  beautiful  carving  broi^ht  from 
Flanders,  and  many  curious  portraits. 
A  bed  used  by  Clies.  I. ;  also  a  bed  of 
Hary  Q.  of  Scots,  and  a  quilt  beauti- 
fully worked  by  her,  together  with 
many  other  objects  of  great  inteieat, 
may  be  seen.  There  are  fine  pike  to 
be  taken  in  the  moat  surrounding 
Broughton  Cattle,  and  in  the  ponds 
of  Wroiton  Abbey.  2  m.  farther  N.W. 
ia  AikerioB  Charek;  and  half-way  be- 
tween Banbury  and  Wro»fon,  a  roud 
of  1  m.  it.  leads  to  remains  of  HaiiaeU 
Canfle.  3  m.  N.  of  Banbury  ia  the 
village  of  Bourtori  Maipia,  remarkable 
for  its  desecrated  Cb.,  the  nave  of 
which  is  a  dwelling-house,  and  the 
chancel  a  school-room.  At  Adderbury, 
4  m.  6.,  is  a  fine  Ch..  with  a  richly 
ornamented  sedilia  and  piscina,  and  a 
good  braaa,  liate  1460.  A  very  beau- 
tiful Ch.  is  at  Bloxham,  1  m.  nearer 
Baubury.  Its  spire  is  196  ft.  in  height. 
The  tower  (14th  cent.)  is  very  fine. 
The  westeni  doorway  is  a  rich  specimen 
of  the  Dec  style,  with  curious  senlp- 
turcs  representing  the  Day  of  Judg- 

Another  most  intcresljng  C7i.  is  at 
KiBo't  SiUton.  a  village  5  m.  S.E.  of 
Banbury.  Its  tower  (Early  Perp.)  is 
extremely  beautiful.  It  is  surmounted 
by  an  elegant  and  lofty  spire,  having 
graceful  pinnacles  and  flying  but- 
at  the  angles. 

,  E.  of  Uenbnry  stands  the 
interesting  Ch.  (ISth  cent.)  of  Wark- 
■icoTtk,  It  contains  a  beautiful  altar- 
tomb  of  the  early  part  of  tbe  14th 
cent.  T)iia  monument  is  of  Caen 
stone,  of  the  most  exquisite  workman- 
ship. Tbe  wood  sittings  are  enriched 
with  some  beautiful  carvings  of  tlie 
15th  cent. 

7  m.  N.  of  Banbury  ii  the  Edgehill 
—the  scene  of  the  drawn  battle  ba- 
tireenCliarles  1.  and  the  Parliamentary 
troops  under  tbe  Earl  of  Easex,  1642— < 
which  forms  the  eitreme  boundary  of 
the  table-land  of  Oifbrdshire.  The 
tourist  may  obtain  from  this  place  a 
magnificent  surrey  of  the  great  plain 


24  SAN 

of  Warwiokshire.  The  view*  from  the 
DassetHilla  areTervBtrikiug.  Burioa 
Daiid  Ch.  (Traii8.-Nom].  and  E.  E.) 
is  worth  a  vieit.  }  m.  from  it  is  the 
heacoa,  a  ourious  15th-ceiil  tower,  on 
wtiich  a  signal  fire  waa  lighted  after 
the  battle. 

11  ni.  8.W.  of  Banbury,  on  the 
summit  of  a  lofty  ridge,  known  as  the 
Bollwiight  Hill,  is  a  remarkaUe  circle 
of  Dmidical  atones. 

4  m.  nearer  Banbury  is  Great  Tew, 
a  Tillage  of  picturesque  beauty. 

Giood  flebinfi;  may  oe  had  in  certain 
parts  of  the  Oheiwell,  near  Heyford 
and  Steeple  Aatou  in  particular,  per- 
misBion  being  obtained  from  a  Hr. 
Dormer  of  Ronshuin. 

nnniror  (CBemarvou.),  Stat. 
h.  &  N.  W.  Bly.,  226  m.  from  London ; 
I  ht.  34  miu.  from  Chester ;  23  mia. 
by  rail  from  CaematTon ;  and  35  min. 
from  Conway.  Jung;  ••Penrhyn  Anns, 
more  than  a  mile  from  atal.,  very 
good  :  the  view  from  its  pleasant 
gaiden  over  the  Menai  Strait  is  the 
prettiest  in  Bangor ;  "Geoi^e,  near 
the  Henai  Bridge  and  Stat,  auiI  I|  m. 
from  BaagoT  Stat. ;  'Britiati,  oeur  the 
station;  Castle;  Belle  Vue. 

This  is  one  of  the  meet  couTeuient 
and  most  attractiTe  halting-places  for 
tourists  visiting  N.  Wales.  lu  the  town 
Itself,  the  Cathedral,  which  dates  from 
6th  cent,  is  the  only  building  worth 
visiting,  though  not  largtrr  than  many 


the  W.  lower  (60  ft.  hijch),  and  nave, 
were  built  by  Bp.  Slcevyn^n  in  1532 ; 
the  late  Perp.  work  and  traces  of  the 
earlier  Nonn.  ch.  were  brought  to  light 
by   Sir  O.   G.   Scott,  to   whom 
entrusted   its  restoration.    The  i 
is  114   ft.   long  :    in  each  aisle 
six  windows  of  throe  lights,  thoae  of 
N.  aisle  Perp..  those  of  tlie  S.  Dec. 
Passing  to  the  transepts,  the  visitor 
cornea  ou  the   reJiseoveted  portions, 
E.   Deo,   having  replaced   the   Perp. 
work ;  most  noticeable  are  the  N.  and 
8.  windows,  and  the  re-erected  piers 
and  atijiefl  of  the  jreat  crouing,  now 
the  centrHl  tower. 
The  flhoir,  erected  by  Bp.  Deane, 


1496,  has  been  restored  as  it  stood ; 
there  is  a  rich  vaulted  roof,  and  some 
elaborate  wall  painting  round  B.  win- 
dow; on  either  side  the  choir  are  two 
lithn^nt.  tombs  of  Deo.  work ;  ill  the 
library  is  cidlection  of  state  pamphlets 
and  black-letter  books. 

L  rt  of  High  street  is  the  Free 
Xuieam,  and  in  upper  part  of  it  the 
Public  News  Boom. 

On  a  hill  at  back  of  the  city  are 
very  slight  traces  of  a  castle  (temp. 
Will.  II.};  near  it  is  an  ancient 
camp,  and  ihero  is  auother  on  Garth 
Point 

Exeuriions,  —  To  Penrhyn  Cattle 
(Lord  Penrhyn),  2  m.  from  station,  on 
road  to  Penrhyn  Slate  Quarries.  Ad- 
mission on  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays, 
between  10  sM.  and  5  F.H.,  when 
the  family  are  from  home,  and 
on  Tuesdays  only  when  at  home. 
Tickets  uiuy  be  obtained  at  the 
principal  hotels,  in.  for  one  person,  end 
1>.  for  each  additional  person.  One 
half  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
tickets  being  devoted  to  the  Caernar- 
von and  Anglesey  Infirmary,  and  the 
other  half  given  to  the  atleDdants 
showing  the  castle.  The  bnilding 
is  in  Norm,  style,  the  only  part 
of  the  exterior  which  claims  ad- 
miration being  the  square  donjon 
tower,  five  storeys  hieh.  The  exten- 
sive park  is  intersected  by  the  Ogwen  ; 
close  to  the  great  jrateway  are  the  ch. 
and  model  village  of  Uandegai.  From 
here  proceed  to  (2)  the  celebrated 
Fenrhyn  Slate  Quarries,  6  m.  beyond, 
a  most  interesting  eight.  The  quur- 
rymen  and  their  families  reside  at 
Betheeda,  adjoining-^now  a  con- 
siderable town,— where  a  large  popu- 
lation has  sprung  np.  'I'he  Bouglat 
Armi  Holtl  is  comfortaUe,  and  the 
landlord  hns,  for  the  accommodation 
of  bis  vidtors,  boats  on  Llyn  Ogwen, 
about  3  m.  further  up  the  vnlley,  and 
one  of  tlie  beat  flahinj;  lakes  in  Wales. 
fo  reach  the  lake,  the  tourist  wiU  pass 
throagh  the  beautiful  vale  of  Want 
Ffrancon  (see  Capd  CuHg).  (3)  5  m. 
E.  from  Bangor,  or  ^-br.  by  rail,  is 
the  very  beautifiil  village  of  Ahfr  (see). 
(4)  An  interesting  excursion  over  a 
bad  n>t><l  V^y  be  niode  by  P«n{iV  iui4 


BANSTEAD—BASMODTH. 


the  little  Ch.  of  VartMeiniolen,  to  the 
head  of  the  vale  of  tha  Cegid.  and  the 
fortified  post  of  Xh'iuu  Dinorwig,  71m.; 
in  its  vicinity  are  a  rocking-gtone,  a. 
Dniidical  circle  and  cyttiau  (see  also 
Llanberia) :  the  tourut  should  look 
for  a  fine  view  of  Snowdon  from  bence. 
(5)  To  Heoai  Bridge,  2  m..  tmd  Bri- 
taiOnia  Tnbular  Sridge,  3  m.  ToTiew 
tha  BtapeodouB  Meaai  Sumnnon 
Bridge,  vtticli  etretohes  S79  ft.  bom 
pier  (o  I^er,  the  bank  on  the  Anglasea 
Ad^flliould  be  descended,  wbence  it  is 
eaav  to  approach  the  piers  and  pass 
under  tlie  arobeB ;  by  applyine  at  the 
bridge-hoose  on  aame  ade,  admission 
may  also  be  obtauied  to  see  the  man- 
ner iavfhich  tho  chains  pass  through 
the  rock  and  are  made  fast  to  it ;  from 
the  brid^,  the  eicursioa  may  be  eon- 
tinued  (a)  S  m.  N.K  (o  Beaumarit, 
which  can  also  be  reached  in  3  m. 
direct  from  Bangor  by  Garth  Ferry 
(see  Bmvmarit).  (6)  The  Brilannia 
Tubular  Bridge  U  close  to  the  Monai 
Bridge  Stat. ;  it  is  snpported  on  three 
towers,  one  on  each  side,  and  the 
Britannia  fewer  in  centre,  and  oonsistg 
of  two  enonnona  tubes  placed  side 
by  aide;  the  entire  length  is  1833  ft. 
(7)  To  LlatJterii,  16  m.,  by  rail, 
bat  by  old  road  through  Pentir,  10  m. 
Leaving  Bangor  by  9  a.h.  train,  the 
tourist  will  atriro  at  Llauberis  at 
10.10,  and  will  have  ample  time  to 
asoeod  Snondon  and  return  by  the 
last  train  to  Bangor.  (8)  The  high 
road  to  Carniarmm,  9  m..  commanda 
beentiful  views  of  the  Henai  and 
Anglesey.  (0)  A  coach  runs  to  and 
from  Betlat-ji-Coed  daily  in  summer 
time;  by  Bethesda  and  Nant  Ffranoou. 
Dittaneet  (t^  rail).— Llanberis,  1  hr. 
10  min. :  Holyhead,  53  min. ;  Llan- 
gefui,  48  min.  ; ,  Feomaenmawr,  30 

BxcnrBiona  are  made  by  a  steamer 
dating  the  sumtuer  months — (a)  Bound 
the  lAo  of  Anglesey,  and  (b)  To  Bard- 
tey  lilaitd,  3  m.  W.  of  Abardsron. 
Both  are  accomplished  in  a  day.  It  is 
also  a  pleasant  ti'"  *-  "  "  '-'—J 
7  m.  Boats  may 
Point. 

Bahgob  Iscoed,  see  Suokm. 

]|WWI«ea4    (SoTrej),     ig    m. 


traia  London  by  road ;  3}  m.  E.  of 
Epsom ;  and  a  station  r>[  the  Banstcad 
and  Epeotn  Downs  branch  of  the  L,  B. 
0.  Bly.  This  is  a  clean  atid  ne«t 
village,  delightfully  situated  on  the 
Surrey  Downs,  at  a  height  of  556  ft. 
above  the  sea  level.    Iitn :  •Woolpack. 

BantUad  Dotmt  (about  1400  acres) 
have  always  been  famous  for  their  fine 
views  and  pnte  air.  From  the  nearest 
height,  jost  over  the  railway  bridge, 
1  m.  W.  of  Banstead  Ch.,  the  eye 
embiDcea  a  wide  panoiama- 

Besides  the  open  downs,  there  are 
charmmg  walks  on  all  sides  of  Ban- 
stead.  Odu  of  the  pleasanlest  ia  by 
tlie  lane  or  footpaUi  beyond  the  ch. 
to  Chipdead  (about  6  m.),  by  way  of 
Banstead  village  (3  m.\  past  the  White 
Hart  Inn,  Yew  Pond  Farm,  and  Shah- 
don.  1  m.  B.  of  the  Downs  ia  Lam- 
berft  OaSa,  which  gave  name  to  the 
"Oaks"  stakes  at  Epsom  races '  esta- 
blifllied  1779). 

BARBOrKKE,  see  Worettter. 

Bardon  Hill  (Leieester), 
Blat.  Mid.  Bly.  (14|  m.  from  Leicev 
ter  and  6  m.  &om  Athh}/  Stats.),  is  a 
whence  to  ascend  the  HU, 
It  is  private  property,  but 
is  given  twit*  a  week.  In- 
quire at  any  of  the  inua  at  AMiy. 
Although  only  852  ft.,  it  commands  a 
wonderful  view.  Not  far  off,  on  the 
skirts  of  Chanwood  forest,  is  the  Cis- 
terciau  nMoastery  of  JHbnnt  SU  Ber- 
nard, by  PugtH  the  elder,  the  first 
abbey  completed  by  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics in  England  since  the  Beformation, 
lAdies  are  not  admitted  to  the  interior, 
but  can  see  the  museums,  the  grounds, 
and  the  Calvary.  Uale  visitors  may 
Bee  the  refectory  and  dormitories  be- 
tween 9  A.H.  and  5  f.h.  There  is  also 
a  Be/anaaljtry  Bekool  i 
with  die  monastery. 
road — LeicetUr,  10  m.  I 
borowfA,  6  m.  N.E. 

Bardset  IsIiAhd,  see  Bangnr. 

Basdwell,    see     Bury     St.    Ed- 

Babfrebton,  see  OanterJiunj. 

Bamtontll  (Merioneth.),  Stat. 
Gt.  W.  Bly.,  vi»  Skrtw^TS.  Baabott, 
LlangoSen,  Bala,  and  DtHgiiUy ;  also 
Caimbfian  nnc]  Welsh  Coast  Itl^.   7nni; 


good  point 
1  m.  N.E, 


1  connection 
by 


2G 


BABM.OUTH—BABNARB  CASTLE. 


CoiBvgedol  Arma ;  Barmontli ;  Lion. 
A  picturesque  and  npidl?  iocreaBing 
little  w&teriDg-place.  eittmted  at  the 
mouth  of  tbe  Maw.  Tb«  bathing  is  ex- 
cellent, and  for  magniflcent  scenery  and 
healthy  mountain  air,  the  place  ja  not 
tobesiupassediaall  Wales.  There  are 
also  fiiBt-iate  aea  and  river  boating  aud 
fiahiog.  The  estuaiy  may  be  crossed 
by  fariy  or  by  the  railway  Tiadnct, 
thui  bringing  within  easy  reach  the 
nian;  attractive  places  on  the  coast 
S.  The  road  to  DoUjeUey  (SJ  m.)  ia 
formed  ont  of  the  solid  rock,  and 
overhangs  the  glorioua  vale  of  the 
Mawddach.  On  opposite  bank  of 
the  Maw  is  Coder  JdHe  (2914  ft.).  At 
its  base,  and  a  few  minutes'  walk  from 
ArOwg  Stat,  is  the  Arlhog  HaU  Sotel 
(excellent),  which  may  he  reached 
from  Barmouth  liy  croaaiog  the  rly. 
bridge  and  continuing  along  the  line 
to  the  Btat.  Guides  may  be  obtained 
here  for  tlie  ascent  of  Cader. 

2  m.  N.  of  Barmouth  la  the  small 
sea-side  CA.  (E.E.  13th  cont^of  LUin- 
dber,  beautifully  restored.  Notice  par- 
ticularly exquisite  8.  doorw^.  8  m. 
further  N.  is  flurlecft  (see).  Barmouth 
Janet,  is  the  tourist's  starting-point  for 
Toieyit,  12J  m. ;  Aherdocey  anil  Ma- 
chynlU&. 

Babnacf,  see  Stamford. 

Bwrnnrd  Cnstle  (Durhem), 
Stat.,  249  m.  from  King's-cross ;  275 
m.  from  St.  Fancras,  via  Leicester  and 
York:  35  mia  by  rail  from  Darling- 
toe,  and  1  hr.  20  min.  from  Durham. 

Inn :  King's  Head  H.,  opposite 
which  ia  "  Master  Humphrey's  Clock," 
the  original  now  in  pogaesaion  of  Mr.  W. 
Humphrey,  of  Hartlepool.  The  town 
is  veiy  picturesquely  situated  on  high 
rocky  bank  of  the  Tees;  theCA,o/a. 
iWarj/  of  niised  styles,  well  restored 
1870,  has  octagonal  font  of  Tees  marble, 
behind  which  is  efligy  of  Bobert  of 
Mortham ;  observe  curious  nltar-tomb 
of  Humphrey  Hopper,  1725;  an  E.  E. 
stone  coltin-lid  is  built  into  exterior 
of  chancel  wall,  and  a  fine  Norm,  arch, 
formerly  bricked  up,  has  been  opened 


ind  restored ;  it  ia  in  S.  widl  of 
a  street  opposite  Market- 
it  »culpture  of  a  "boat,  relic  of 


1  very  pic- 
BicBidus  " 
inscribed  in  old  English  lettered  and 
on  a  door  inside  the  arms  of  Brunskill. 
The  nii'na  of  Oie  Cadk,  built  1112-S2, 
by  Bernard  Batiol,  are  approached 
through  King's  Head  Inn  yard;  a 
small  oriel  window,  overlooking  the 
Tecs,  still  beaia  the  "  Boar  of  Richard 
in,"  carved  within,  which  corroborates 
tradition  of  his  residence  here.  In 
the  great  tower  called  BaiioVs  Tmcer, 
note  the  very  flat  stone  vaulting  of  the 
first  floor,  30  ft.  in  diameter,  and  the 
staircase  winding  half  round  the  tower ; 
the  view  from  the  windows  of -the 
castle  is  most  beautiful.  N.  and  E.  of 
the  castle  are  the  FMU.  where  wind- 
ing walks  aflbrd  beautiful  views  of  the 
river,  bridge,  and  ruined  towers  over- 
hanging the  precipice. 

On  the  outskirts  of  the  castle,  a 
huge  handsome  building,  in  French 
Renaissance  style,  has  been  erected  for 
a  Miiteara  and  Picture  GnUery.  Moat 
of  the  valuable  pictures  from  Streat- 
1am  (ejceptine;  family  portraits  and 
pictures)  will  be  removed  to  it,  and  a. 
large  collection  of  antiquities,  histori- 
cal relics,  sculpture,  old  china,  &c,  col- 
lected by  the  late  John  Bowea,  Esq^ 
and  his  wife,  the  Cuuntess  of  Montalbo, 
will  be  depCBited  in  the  building. 

Excariiom. — (a)  To  Streatlam  and 
Baby  Cattleit  and  Btaindrop,  2  m. 
N.E.  is  Streat^m  Catlh  (Bonee 
family);  situated  in  picturesque  park, 
abounding  in  deer.  It  has  inter»4iug 
collection  of  paintings.  There  is  fine 
view  from  top  of  the  castle.  2^  m. 
N.E.  of  Streatlam  is  Slaindrop—Inn  ; 
(Jneen'g  Ajma  (see  alio  Darlijigkin) — 
celebrated  for  its  Ch.  of  St.  Mary  (re- 
stored  1819),  said  to  have  been  founded 
temp.  Canute,  and  still  retaining  much 
of  its  ancient  character;  the  nave  is 
about  1200 ;  the  arches  Norm. ;  the 
circular  columns  E.E. ;  tbe  upper  port 
of  the  tower  (1360)  is  of  very  singular 
design.  On  entering,  on  1.  is  munifi- 
cent alabaster  altar-tomb  of  Kalpli 
Neville,  1st  Earl  of  Westmorland  (d. 
1425),  and  his  two  wives;  at  N.W. 
comer  of  ch.  ia  splendid  wooden  tomb 
of  Henry  Sth  Karl  of  Westmorland 
(d.  15631  and  his  three  wives;  in  the 


BAItXAED  CASTLE. 


27 


niches  are  Bgures  of  bis  eight  childisD, 
and  &t  foot  an  ioscriptian  ;  the  channel 
tetaiilB  some  very  beautiful  Bedilin ; 
N.  of  cb.-yd.  is  Mauioieum  of  the 
CleTeland  fomilj ;  close  by  is  the 
entrance  to  ifo^  CaslJi,  bnilt  1379, 
the  magnificent  old  seat  of  the 
Nevilles,  nov  belonging  to  Duke 
of  Cleveland.  Carriages  conveying 
visitora  set  down  in  the  great  arched 
liaU.  supported  in  centre  by  eight  octa- 
gonal pillars;  above  the  hall  is  the 
Baron's  BuU,  containing  family  por- 
traits and  other  pictorea  ;  in  tbe  Octa- 
gon Room  stands  famous  statue  of  the 
Greek  Slave,  bj'  Biram  Power.  The 
Cba^l  has  two  fine  MuTiUo:  (6)  To 
Egleslone  (see  below)  G  m.,  retnming 
by  another  road  past  Cfii^$toue  and 
mancood ;  IVom  ODtheratone,  which  a 
3  m.  N.W.  of  Barnard  Castle,  a  bean- 
titiilviewof  the  latter  witbtbe  castle  is 
obtained.  (c>  To  Mid^lon^n-Teet- 
dale  (10  m.),  the  Sigh  Force  Q6J  m.), 
and  Caldron  Snout  (21  m.).  There  le 
now  a  railway  from  Itomanl  Castle  to 
Middle  (oD-in-Teesdale,  where  a  gig 
and  horse  maybe  obtained  at  the  Poet- 
ofSce,  Mrs.  Beadle's,  for  tbe  High  Force 
and  Langdou  Beck  (for  Caldron  Snont), 
costing,  with  guide,  10s.  for  the  day ; 
or  carriage  may  be  taken  whole  way 
from  Baraard  CWIe  to  the  High  Force 
ino,  16}  m.  Crossing  bridge  of  Bar- 
nard Cietle,  the  road  tnma  1.  along 
high  lidge  of  country  with  fine  view 
of  Yorkshire  and  Westmorland  Hills, 
and  at  6  m.  L  crosses  ancient  bridge 
over  the  Tees,  and  ascends  through 
tbe  deep  ferny  glades  of  Egie^one  Sail 
(T.  Hntchinson,  Esq.);  4  SL  beyond 
is  MiddUton-ia-Teftdak  (Inni:  Kose 
and  Crown,  beet;  Crftas  Keys).  The 
CA.  has  a  detaclied  bell-lower.  2  m. 
further  on,  tbe  Bowleet  Beeli  is  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  on  which  is  found  the  fern 
CystopterU  deniata.  At  1  m.  further 
on,  no  tourist  should  omit  turning  off 
1..  near  the  sycamore  trees  called  the 
Five  Brothera,  across  two  fields,  and 
through  a  fir  plantation  to  Wyrteh 
Bridge,  where  a  slight  suspension 
bridge  crosses  a  chasm  in  the  rock; 
tbe  path  beyond  the  bridge  leads 
Ihrough  a  wild  valley  to  Hulywick, 
an     alpine  -  looking    village,    pictur- 


eaqnelyatnatad  under  Holywick  Scar ; 
3  m.  bevond  tbe  Five  Brolhera  is  the 
High  Force  Hiitel,  which  has  fine  view 
across  the  woods  to  the  fall.  )  m. 
beyond  tbe  hotel  is  tbe  High  Forct, 
tbe  finest  waterfeU  (50  ft-)  in  K  of 
England.  A  carriage  may  be  taken 
2  m.  beyond  the  High  Force,  loalittle 
Jit»  at  Xan^iiaii  Beck,  whence  are  two 
ways  for  pcdcstriaus  to  Caldron  Snout.' 
both  are  difficult  (o  fliui,  and  very 
fatiguing,  sad  require  a  guide;  in  as- 
ceodiug.  it  is  best  to  clamber  along  rt, 
bank  of  the  Tees,  just  after  passing 
junction  of  which  with  the  Maizebeck. 
tbe  river  is  seen  rushing  200  H  down 
a  declivity  in  the  ba^t,  into  the 
curious  and  extremely  wild  catotsct 
called  Caldnyn  Snout  Above,  .the 
river  is  croaaed  by  wooden  bridge  at 
point  where  it  emerges  from  the 
Weeld,  a,  ghastly  acrpcnt-like  lake, 
I  j  m.  lung,  backed  by  Harwood  Fall. 
The  return  to  Langdon  may  be  made 
across  the  Fells;  but  there  is  no  track, 
and  tlie  strounsand  bogs  are  frequent. 
In   returning  to  Barnard  Castle,  the 


wild  moorland  road  of  6  m.  &om  New- 
biggen  (about  3  m.  short  of  Middlelon- 
in-Teesdale),  to  St.  John's  in  Wear- 
dale,  5  m.  E.  of  which  the  Wear  Valley 
£Iv.  may  be  joined  at  Stanhope, 

to  Egltilone  Ahbey  (1  m.),  and  Pohe- 
by  C4m.);  crossing  the  Tees  Bridge, 
with  its  two  gtuined  arches,  and  turn- 
ing I.  are  the  ruins  of  Eqlettone  Abhei/ 
(temp.  Hen.  II.),  beautifully  sitnated 
on  junction  of  the  Tborsgill  with  the 
Teen;  close  bj  is  the  Abbei)  Bridge, 
from  tbe  wild  rocks  below  which  is 
itriMng  view  of  the  abbey  ;  3  m.  fur- 
iher  on,  and  4  m.  B.E,  of  Barnard 
Castle,  is  Bokeby  (Col.  tloTritt),  honso 
n  only  in  absence  of  femily; 
]ds  always  open  to  public.  Guides 
be  bad  at  tbe  Inn  (Morritt  Anns ) 
at  Greta  Bridge.  Tbo  eicursion  may 
bo  lengthened  by  crossing  Wkorleton 
Bridge  |7  id.  from  Barnard  Castle), 
which  is  close  to  Wycliffe,  wbere  is 
another  beautiful  view  np  tbe  Tees. 
tiiough  inferior  to  that  fitam  tbo  Abbey 
Bridge,  To  Winiton,  with  its  pictur- 
eqne  ch,,  5  m.  E. 
IHetaneet. — Dnrlington  by  mil,  35 


BABSET-  BAHNSTAPL  E. 


vAa.;  MiddUtoiMn-Teeedale.  23  min.; 
BUhep  Aarkland,  40  min, ;  Slanhope, 
1  hr.  38  min. ;  Dvrham,  I  hr.  15  loin. ; 
Bouea.  15  min.,  Uie  EOnoe  of  Dolhe- 
bog*  Hall,  near  Greta  Bridge^ 

Samet,  CklpplnvBar- 
Det,  or  Hiarli  Bamet  (Uerte.). 
A  Jiuuket  (own  situated  on  the  f^at 
North  Road,  II  m.  from  Loiidoo. 
High  Bamet  Stat,  Gt.  N.  Rly  (Edg- 
vaie  and  High  ^met  branch)  is  at 
the  London  end  of  tlie  tovn  (see  the 
fine  view  S.  on  teaching  the  road 
from  the  Stat) :  the  Bamet  Slat,  of 
the  Qt  N.  my.  (main  line)  is  at  New 
Bamet  ^  ">.  8.R  of  High  Baroet. 
Innt :  Red  Lion ;  Old  Salisbury  Anns. 
The  Great  Fair  (catUo  and  horses)  is 
liehl  Sept.  4t1i  to  6th. 

The  BalUe  of  Barnel  was  fonght  on 
Eaaler  Sunday,  April  14,  1471,  be- 
tween the  Yorkists  and  llie  Iiancas- 
trians,  commanded  respectively  by  tlie 
Kin^,  Edward  IV.,  and  the  King- 
maker, Warwick,  when  the  hitter  was 
eUin  end  his  army  defeated.  The 
tiettle-field  is  believed  to  have  been 
the  heath,  now  called  Hadley  Oreen, 
about  }  m.  N.  of  the  town.  The  site 
is  marked  by  an  obelisk  erected  1740 
by  Sir  Jeremy  Sembrook,  which  origi- 
nally stood  30  yds.  S.,  close  to  tlie 
Too  Brewen.  It  was  removed  to 
where  it  now  atiinds  abont  1S40. 
8ame  antiquaries  are  of  opinion  that 
the  battle  was  fought  on  Gladmore 
Heath,  or  HoDkey  Mead  PhuD,  more 
totheE. 

At  Bamet  ComtnoH,  nearly  a  mile 
to  the  W.  of  the  town,  is  a  medicinal 
spring,  once  in  great  repute  as  Bamet 
TFeils.  The  well  is  now  covered  over, 
and  the  water  is  obtained  from  it  by 
a  small  iron  pump.  It  is  quite  open 
to  every  one,  and  is  still  occasiraally 
teaorted  to  by  invalids. 

The  stranger  at  Bamet  should  not 
m  to  visit  Hadley  (on  the  rt.  of  tbe 
green  where  stands  the  battle  obelisk, 
locally  known  as  Hadley  High  Stone) 
for  the  sake  of  the  interesting  old  ch. 
and  the  green  beyond  it— a  goodly 
avenue  on  one  side  and  a  picturesque 
fi^:merit  of  wild  wood  on  the  other. 
A  path  Aom  the  bottom  of  the  wood 
lemls  direct  to  the  Bamet  Rlv.  Stat 


Ea»t  Bamet  is  a  pleasant  village 
m.  S.E.  &om  Bamet,  and  )  m.  from 
the  Bamet  Stat,  of  the  Qt  N.  Ely, 
Inn ;  The  Oat 

BamHleT  (Ynrks.).  Slat.  Midi. ; 
M.  S.  &  L. ;  and  Lane.  &  Yorks.  Btys. 
hr.  from  Leeds  and  SheCBeld ;  J  hr. 
from  Wakefield. 

Iim$:  King's  Head,  in  the  town, 
and  noted   for  tbe  excellence  of  ita 

Lttou-chops;  Queen's.adjoining  riy. 

t.      A  busy  manufiictariog   town, 

i  of  the  chief  seats  of  the  linen 
(damasks,  Ac.)  mannfactnre.  It  la 
also  essentially  a  cool  district.  Very 
pleasant  walks  may  be  t»ken  to  (a) 
picturesque  village  of  Catethonte,  4  m. 
W.  {Inn:  Stanhope  Arms);  thence, 
to  Hoylai^  Cli.,  for  sake  of 
from  it  (t)  2  m.  N.B.  are  re- 
mains of  Mbiifc  Breiton  Priory,  founded 
■157.  The  gate-liou»«  (Perp.)  is  per- 
act  (e)3ni.S.W.,n'entuortAGMtI«, 
prettily  situated,  and  containing  some 
gnod  portraits,  (d)  To  Coningebonmgh 
Slal.  and  Cailie  (see  Doacaiter). 

Bnmsmple  (Devon.X  Stat, 
L.  &  8.  W.  Rly.  (211  m.)  via  Eieter  ; 
and  G.  W.  Rly.  (205  m.)  m^  Taunton. 
Jnm :  Golden  Lion,  see  old  ceiling  Ju 
room  on  Ist  floor;  Fortescue  Arms. 
Is  plensanlJy  situated  on  river  Taw, 
and  in  a  rich  vale.  The  port  of  Barn- 
staple was  of  impoitEmce  at  least  as 
early  as  reign  of  Edward  lit.  Qveen 
Aiine't  WiM  on  tbe  town  quay  is  a 
colonnade,  and  the  Norilt  Walk,  a  little 
lower  on  the  same  side,  is  a  promenade 
by  the  river's  ade.  It  is  6  m.  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  Good  views  of 
tbe  town  are  to  be  obtained  fixnn 
CodJon  HiU  (023  ft),  and  from  the 
Bideford  road.  In  Pilion  CA.,  i  m.  N., 
observe  stand  for  hour-glasa  ^led  to 
pulpit,  and  insoription  over  porch.  At 
'"  '  "       N;,tl:       ■       "      " 


31arieood,3 


also  a  good  E.  E.  piscina.  The  Ch.  of 
Swimbridge  (Stat.),  5  m.,  contains  a 
beautiful  soreen  (Ferp,).  Exeunioni 
may  also  be  made  to  Bideford,  9  m, 
by  rly, ;  Jnitoa  Quay,  6]  m.  (see  Bidn- 
'    "     ""  '  HfTaffimbe,  aV"'  '"  -  -- 


ftird);  and  J 


f,  aV>iU  50  mini 


SJMBOW-IK-FUSNESS—SATJT. 


1j7  rail,  and  11  m.  by  rood,  or  121  ™' 
by  road  via  DrauDtoii.  Four-horse 
covered  waggonettes  run  three  times 
daily  between  Barnstaple  and  Ilfra- 
combe,  in  connection  witli  the  G.  W. 
BIy.  ttBins.  10  m.  E.  Is  South  XoUoa 
(Stnl.)— Inru:  George  H.;  White  Hurt 
— \Fhere  tlie  Oh.  is  a  remarkahly  fine 
huildiug.  Within  is  a  very  £ne  stone 
putpit.  A  channing  drivo  may  be 
talieu  in  summer  from  S.  Moltun  io 
Lgiiioa,  over  Esmoor  (20  m.),  via  N, 
AloltoQ,  Simonabstb,  Breadon,  Waters- 
meet,  Valley  of  the  Lyn,  and  Lya- 
monUi.  N.  MoUoa,  SJ  m.  N.  by  E., 
bae  also  a  fine  Pe^.  Ck,,  with  good 
screen,  oak  pulpit,  and  Perp.  font 
^  m.  on  the  Bamslaple  road  is  Catlte 
Hill,  the  seat  of  Earl  Fortescue. 

Bahnweu^  see  Oandle. 

Barrasfokd,  see  Hexham. 

Barrow  -  in  -  FamesM 

(Lftnc),  Stat  Futdobs  BIy.  inn.- 
KoyaJ,  ojjpoBile  Slat,  wry  second  rate 
(the  visitor  should  sleep  at  Ftimei» 
jibbey  HoleT).  This  thriving  and  bnsy 
tuwu  has  now  an  estimated  population 
of betweeo 30,000 and 40,000.  InlS40 
it  was  a  small  Ashing  village  with  about 
200  inhabitants.  The  diecoveiy  of 
Tast  deposits  of  pure  hiematile  ore  led 
to  the  conatructioa  of  the  ndl  way,  mag- 
nificent docks,  and  the  erection  of  im- 
mense iron  and  steel  works.  There 
are  a  large  timber  trade  and  extensive 
shipbuilding  yards.  The  Jute  WorJa, 
situated  in  the  main  thoroughfhro 
raoning  parallel  with  the  Docks,  are 
the  lat^est  in  the  world.  These,  as 
well  as  the  Bessemer  Steel  Works,  are 
well  worth  Tisiting,  and  may  be  seen 
by  permission  of  the  resident  mana- 
gers. A  statue  has  been  recently 
erected  by  public  subscription  to  Sir 
James  B^naden,  Bart,  the  first  mayor 
of  the  town.  The  magnificent  Dock* 
are  formed  by  enclosing  at  each  end 
the  channel  dividing  Barrow  island 
from  the  main  land,  thus  ingeniously 
convertitig  it  into  a  huge  basin,  in 
which  vessels  of  the  largest  draught 
might  float  at  all  times  of  the  tide. 
The  outer  island,  Walney,  10  m.  long, 
serves  as  a  natural  breakwater.  Tiie 
town  is  distant  10  mitiutea  by  train 
from  Fumet*  Abbey  (see),  and  i  hr. 


from  Ul(KriloH.'  Fiel  Maiiil,2m.S., 
can  be  reached  in  a  few  minutes  by 
boat  from  Piel,  which  is  in  direct  rail- 
way communication  with  Burrow.  The 
Castle,  called  thePUeof  Foudry.vna 
once  a  very  alroug  forti-eas,  but  tlie 
inr(«ds  of  the  sea  have  made  it  a  mere 
shell.  Steamers  run  daily  throughout 
the  year  to  Belfast  and  in  the  summer 
to  Fleetwood  and  Douglas  (Isle  of 
Man). 

Barrow-on-ftoar  (Leic), 
Slat.  Mid.  Ely.  Plcasautly  situated 
on  E.  bank  of  navieable  river  Soar,  and 
celebrated  for  its  lias  Qaarriet  and  its 
fossils.  The  geologist  should  ask  to 
see  Mr.  Fewkes  or  Mr.  Lee's  colleo- 
tiODB.  Nearly  3  m.  W.  is  Woodhotue 
Chapel  with  beautiful  stained  glass 
(see  also  Mount  Sorrel).  On  the  other 
side  of  the  railway,  1  m.  8.W.,  are  the 
village  and  hall  of  Quoradon,  where 
are  also  the  kennels  of  the  fiunoua 
Quom  Hunt 

Barthn-on-Humbeb,  sec  Hull 

BAKTON-SEAaRAVB.  See  Entering. 

BASiHawERS  Abbey,  see  BdyweU. 

Basu>w,  see  Sheffield. 

BaswnthwaiteXakb,  see  Ketteiek. 

Batcohse,  see  Bruton. 

Bath  (Somerset).  Stations— (a) 
Gt.  W.  BIy.  (106i  m.  from  Padding- 
ton)  near  the  Avon,  to  London,  Bristol, 
Exeter.  (6)  Midland,  Stat  in  Charles- 
street,  J  m.  from  Milsom-street,  with 
ramifications  on  E.  to  Salisbury,  South- 
ampton, and  Portsmouth,  via  Trow- 
bridge and  Weatbuiy;  on  S.  to  Yeovil, 
Dorchester,  and  Weymouth  (Q.  W. 
Ely.) ;  on  aW.  to  Bumham,  Taunton, 
and  Exeter  ;  and  on  N.  to  Glou- 
cester, Worcester,  and  Birmii^ham. 
Between  the  last-iiamed  place  and 
Bonmemouth  (Hauls  coast),  there 
is  now  direct  communication  with- 
out change  of  carriage  (Midland  and 
8om.  and  Dorset  Kly.J.  Jnni .-  **Grand 
Pump  Room  —  opposite  lie  Abbey 
Cliucoh  and  5  minutes'  walk  from 
either  G.  W.  or  Hid.  Stats. ;  sump- 
tnouB  baths  in  the  house  ;  —  York  ; 
White  Lion;  Castle;  Boyal,  adjoining 
6.  W.  Station.  Pop.  69,591.  "The 
Queen  of  all  the  Spas  in  tlie  World,"  a» 
this  city  has  been  staled,  is  situated  in 
the  beautiful  Valley  of  the  Avon,  and 


30  li. 

oil  tlio  aiil&i  uf  suri'oundiug  Mils.  The 
buildings,  mauj  of  thorn  veij  hand- 
Bonie,arti  builtuftbevfhitogreat-oolitti 
caliud  "  Btttli  Stone."  The  Abbey  and 
tlie  biuiieBt  streete  lie  in  the  valley, 
irliile  above,  on  the  Northern  elope, 
riBe  termeej  and  creacenls,  tier  iqwn 
tier,  to  a  height  of  nearly  800  ft.,  the 
Kojal  and  Lnnsdomn  CreseoutB  being 
the  most  conspicuous.  From  an  insig- 
nificant pluce,  Bath  rose  to  the  bigbest 
pitch  of  arrjutectoral  magnificence 
mid  popularity  an  a  fashionable  resort 
by  the  genioa  of  two  men,  Wood  ths 
Architect,  and  Nash  the  Muster  of  the 
Ceremonies. 

Milsom-street,  the  Bond-street  of 
Buth,  contains  aoiav  of  the  best  shops, 
and  is  Ihe  afternoon  resort  und  prome- 

Tbo  chief  things  to  bo  seen  oro  the 
AblHtt/  and  the  Pump  Boom  and  Baths 
close  to  it,  both  not  }  m.  from  tbe 
station.  A  good  view  of  the  city  is 
obtained  by  walking  up  to  Camdea- 
eretcent  and  Lan^vm  -  creiceat 
Descend  thwugh  the  Roytd-creiceid, 
CiTcae,  and  Queeit's-tqmiTe,  the  three 
finest  orchitectnial  bits  in  Bath.  Tbe 
flnost  view  is  from  Beechen  Cl'f,  the 
Hteep  eminence  overhanging  the  rail- 
way on  tbe  S..  400  ft.  above  the  Avon. 

The  Ahbey  Chttrch,vX  tbe  S.  eitremilf 
of  High'Stieet,  is  one  of  tbe  latest 
specunens  of  Perp,  Gothic  in  tbe 
kingdom,  commenced  1499  by  Prior 
Birde  and  Bp.  Oliver  King,  restored 
by  a.  0.  Bcoli,  1874.  The  plan  of  tbe 
Oh.  ia  a  simple  cross,  with  a  tower  at 
Ibo  ioterseotion.  The  W,  front  has  a 
luagnificoQt  window  of  seven  Ugbis, 
flanked  by  turrets  carved  with  winged 
angels  ascending  and  descending,  but 
now  headless.  The  tower,  162  ft.  high, 
is  of  good  composition,  flanked  by  octa- 
gonal turrets.  The  Ch.  is  210ft.  long, 
and  its  stone-vaulted,  fan-tracery  roof 
IB  TS  ft.  high.  The  walls  are  crowded 
with  mirattmenls,  amoug  tbem  those  of 
Beau  Nash ;  Qoin,  the  actor  (epitaph  by 
Garrick);  Maltbus  (Popidation);  Sib- 
thorp  the  botanist,  by  Flaaaan. 

The  best  and  handsomest  modem 
ecclesiastical  building  is  the  Roman 
CuihoUc  Church  on  tbe  S.  Pantde. 

The   Pump   Boom,   cloao    to    the 


Abbey,  is  a  classical  structure,  with  an 
attached  Corinthian  xnrtico,  179C, 
beaiing  ou  its  &ont  the  motto— APIS- 
TON  MEN  TAIIP— "Water  best  of 
ekments."  The  interior  is  a  spaoioua 
saloon,  60  ft.  in  length,  by  34  ft.  in 
height.  A  baud  phtys  three  times  a 
week  during  the  season.  Here  is  a 
iiutrhle  statue  of  Beaa  Natli.  The 
water  tumbles  continually  into  a  Ser- 
pentine Vase  for  drinking.  Tlie  Bath 
waters  are  the  hottest  in  Britaiu, 
reaching  a  tempciatore  of  li 
Ijaining  the  Pump  T 


P  Fabr. 


n  former 


Kiagt  and  Queen's  Baths. 
open  bath  for  public  bathing  ti 
times.  The  I'rinale  Batha  are  acoes- 
3iblo  from  Stall-street,  as  well  as  from 
the  Pump  Boom,  and  conttun  every 
reouirement  for  the  invalid. 

The  lioi/al  Literary  and  ScieutiJUy 
Imtitution  is  on  the  N,  Parade,  200 
yds.  from  the  Abbey.  It  poseesses  & 
reading  room,  well  stored  library, 
and  museum  of  Homan  antiqnitiea 
discovered  in  and  near  the  city, 
with  numorous  other  objects.  Tho 
Maseum  is  &ee  to  tbe  public  between 
II  and  4,  except  on  Tuesdays  and 
Frid^s,  when  a  small  charge  is  made. 
The  Great  Hall  contains  a  fine  geolo- 
gical collection  depoialed  by  C.  Moore, 
Eeq,.  F.G.S. 

Tlie  Atheno^m,  in  tbe  Orange 
Grove,  adjoining  tbe  Abbey,  has  a 
reading  room  and  library. 

Tbe  euiUhaU  Is  a  noble  looking 
building  in  High-street. 

The  Markets  adjoin  tbe  Guildhall. 

The  Assembly  Boomg  are  close  to 
tbe  Circus,  between  Alfred-street  and 
Bennet-Btreet. 

The  WesUijaii  or  New  EingsiMMd 
College  occupies  a  commanding  site 
on  the  ascent  of  Lansdonn. 

The  Boyal  Sdwol  /or  DaughUn  of 
Officers  in  Oie  Army  is  ou  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Lansdown-rood,  a  little 
nearer  tbe  city. 

The  VictorUi  farh,  conlwning  a 
good  oollootion  of  English  trees,  is 
immediately  W.  of  the  fioyal  Crescent 
and  Circus,  and  is  approached  through 
the  Soyal  Avenife.  It  is  situated  on  a 
gentle  decUvity,  and  is  Md  out  in 
bcautilld   walks,  drives,  and   sliruh- 


BATH— BATTLE. 


berieii,  and  should  without  &il  be 
viailad  by  the  atmoger.  The  Sydney 
Garden)  at  the  end  of  Pulteoey-street 
afford  a  delightful  recreation  groiuid, 
with  retired  walks  sluuled  bj  fine 
trees.  A  Band  plays  daily  either  hete 
or  in  the  Viclorift  Park. 

Beckford^t  Toaer.  erectf 
eccentric  author  of '  Vathek ' 
of  Lanaiown  Hill,  slands  m  Lansdown 
Cemetery ;  it  is  150  ft.  high,  and  com- 
numda  estciisive  views.  Near  to  it  is 
Beckford's  tomh,  of  granite. 

The  Walkg,  Drives,  nud  Bridle 
roads  around  Bath  may  be  almost 
infinitely  Taried,  and  derive  a  pecu- 
liar charm  (lom  the  wood  and  rock  in 
the  vales,  and  the  height  of  the  hills. 
Amongst  muny  others  may  be  men- 
tioned— 

(a)  To  Prior  Park  and  OmSe  Doom 
(2  ID.),  UirougL  Widcombe.  Prior 
Park  is  a  handsome  structure,  ori- 
ginally the  resideuoe  of  Ralph  Allen, 
the  friend  of  Fielding,  Pope,  and  War- 
burton,  400  ft.  above  Ihe  river,  and 
commands  »  beautiful  view.  It  is 
a  Roman  Catholic  College.  Combe 
Down  is  550  ft.  above  the  sea. 
J     -       - 

Waller  defeated  the  forces  of  Char 
I.  From  a  spot  on  Upper  Lanedawn 
(4  m.),  called  Prospect  Styk,  may  be 
seen  butb  Bristol  and  Bath,  the  Avon 
and  Severn,  the  Welsh  mountains  and 
the  Mendip  Hills. 

(c)  To  Monument  of  Sir  Bevillo 
Greuville,  who  fell  in  the  battle  of 
laosdown,  rotuming  by  the  pretty 
load  from  Chapd  Fam  to  Langridge, 
and  by  Swaiuswiok. 

(d)  To  BaOteaeloa  (2  m.)  and  St. 
Catherine  (4{  m.). 

(e)  To  Bampbm  Dowm  and  Clover- 
ton  (3  m.).  The  scenery  in  thisneigh- 
bourhood  is  most  picturesqae. 

(J)  To  the  roins  of  ifinton  Abbey 
(6  m.  and  1  m.  from  Freshford  rly. 
Stat.)  and  Fiirleigh  Cattle,  2  m. 
beyond.    (See  Bradford  on  Avon.} 

LongUat,  Qxe  princely  domain  of 
the  Thynne  fiimily,  is  17  m.  from 
Bath. 

Batstord,  see  M/rrelon-iii-the-Xarih. 

Bttttle  (SuBsez),  Stat,  S.  K.  Rly. 


JiiiM;  Railway  Hotel;  George.  The 
remaius  of  the  Abbey,  built  to  com- 
nemorato  the  gre^it  battle  of  Hastings, 
and  the  associations  of  the  place 
make  this  one  of  the  mo 


from  12  to  4 ;  a  ticket  of  admiaiion 
must  be  obtained  from  the  slatiouer's 
shop  just  opposite.  The  house  is  not 
shown  except  in  Ihe  absence  of  the 
family  (Duke  of  Cleveland),  but  the 
gardens  and  ruins  in  them  are  well 
worth  seeiug. 

Ttio  Qaidtome,  fronting  the  street, 
is  for  the  moat  port  late  Dec. 

The  Dec.  port  is  very  beautiful,  and 
one  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  time/ 
The  long  range  of  builduig,  rt,.waa 
for  some  time  used  as  the  town  liall, 
but  has  been  allowed  to  fall  into  ruin. 
The  house  nearest  the  gateway  W. 
was  the  ancient  hospital  tor  pilgrimo, 
and  is  still  called  the  Almonry.  Pass- 
ing within  the  gateway,  the  visitor 
finds  himself  in  front  of  the  present 
dwelUug-houae.  which  includes  parts 
of  the  abbey,  and  a  good  Gothic  addi- 
tion of  ttie  year  18tiO.  The  garden 
front  of  the  building  inoludea  part  of 
the  side  of  the  old  cloisters.  The 
Oower  garden,  which  abounds  in  old 
yews  and  cedars,  occupies  the  site  of 
the  Ch.  of  the  moiiaatery,  of  which  the 
fonndatiouB  of  the  E,  end,  or  rather 
of  the  undercroft,  were  laid  open  in 
1817.  Tbey  still  remain  uncovered, 
and  show  the  apse  of  the  crypt,  with 
liases  of  its  maasLve  columns.  ThU 
ipot,  the  site  of  the  high  altar,  is  the 
most  interesting  within  the  abbey 
walls,  for  it  is  exactly  that  where  the 
Saion  standard  was  erected,  and  on 
which  Harold  himself  tbU. 

8:  of  the  ch.  is  the  Befeclory, 
E.  E.,  well  preserved,  with  lancet  win- 
dows and  strongly  buttressed  walls; 
beneaUi    it   are    crypts    or    vaulted 

Following  the  line  of  the  lofty 
enclosure  wall  of  the  abbey,  which 
-towards  (he  road  has  some  Norm,  but- 
tresses, you  come  to  the  Parieh  Ch,, 
which  is  Trans.,  wiHi  some  Dec.  win- 
dows of  the  same  (Trans.)  period.  In 
chancel  is  the  stately  iomh  of  tiir 


Anthony  Brorrue,  llie  first  lev  Lord 
of  Battle. 

'8.W.  of  the  town  lie  the  greot 
powder  mills  of  Battle,  and  the  walk 
■     ■'     1  througli  the  woods  is  very 


A  pleamutwaili  I 
(7  m.)  may  ba  taken;  and 
teresting  drive  bf  Aekbnmham  and 
Huret-mon-eeux  (see  Hatliham).  The 
Boenery  round  Battle  ia  so  pleXiauig, 
that  the  etranger  will  do  well  to  ex- 
ploie  it.  There  le  much  woodland, 
HDd  the  neighbourhood  is  famans  for 
its  wild  fiowers. 

Battlbfield,  see  Skrew^rii. 

BjTFOttDBUBV,  eee  Sertford. 

Bayhah  Abbey,  see  Tialtridge 
WdU. 

Bbahikbter,  see  Bridporl. 

Beabwoos,  Bee  Wokingham. 

Bbasands,  aee  Darimauilt. 

Bbauohibpp,  me  Dronjield  and  Shef- 
field. 

BBAtixiESBBT,  Bee  Armitage  and 
StTatford-on-Avoa. 

Beavlieu,  see  SoaOmmptoa. 

Beniiniuriit  (Anglesey),  3  m., 
by  GftrlJi  Fern-,  8  m.  by  ro»d  from 
Bangor  (which  is  226}  m.  &oni  EaetoQ- 
squere,  via  Crewe).  Jniu;  •Williums- 
BuUiele;  Arms  H.,  fitcing  Uie  eea, 
excellent  but  expensive  ;  Sportsman  ; 
Liverpool  Arms.  A  clean  and  well- 
built  walering-phtce,  noted  for  its  fine 
air  and  glorious  views ;  the  walks  and 
rides  around  ate  numerous  and  in- 
teresting. There  is  a  handsome  ter- 
raoQ  overiooking  the  green,  close  to 
the  pier,  from  which  there  is  a  very 
extfiDsive  view.  At  the  N.  end  of 
the  town,  near  the  green,  ore  the 
magnificent  ruins  of  the  Cattle  (temp. 
Edw.  I.),  built  in  the  low  situation  of 
the  "  Beau  SUrais"  (from  which  the 
place  is  named);  close  1o  entrance, 
And  rnnning  towards  the  sea,  is  the 
Gunner's  Wall,  intended  to  protect 
entrance  of  supplies.  The  quadntngle 
within,  including  the  state  aput- 
ments,  is  190  ft.  long,  and  is  de- 
fended by  ten  drum  towers  ;  on 
N.W.  side  is  the  hall,  with  five  large 
windows  fronting  inner  court;  and  on 


E.  nro  the  remains  of  a  beH.utii'ul 
chapel,  in  form  of  an  apse ;  the  aides 
ornamented  with  Gothic  atchea,  and 
the  roof  supported  by  rtbs,  spriDginc 
from  pilasters,  between  eacli  of  which 
is  a  narrow  window,  and  behind  some 
are  small  closets,  gained  out  of  the 
thickness  of  the  wall,  probably  allot- 
ted to  officers  or  persons  of  iHiik.  To 
this  chapel  was  an  ascent  by  some 
steps,  now  demolished  or  t&ken  away  ; 
the  park-like  meadows  round  the 
castle  are  open  to  the  pubUc  by  Sir 
R.  M.  Williams  Bulbeley  for  cricket 
matches. 

Si.  Marjfe  Ch.,  on  eminence  in 
middle  of  the  (own,  is  chiefiy  13th 
cent.,  the  chancel  being  IGlh  cent, 
and  roof  of  nave  15th  cent.;  the  tra- 
cery in  side  window  of  the  aisles  ia 
observed  in  parish  ch.  of  Llanbellig, 
near  Caernarvon.  Observe  heads  ter- 
minating the  drip  of  the  chancel 
ardi,  and  those  on  carved  wood- 
work and  sedilia;  also  monumeDts 
by  Ternouth  and  Westmacott  to 
sundry  memtiers  of  the  Bulkeley 
funily ;  and  an  alabaster  altar-tomb, 
iji  vestry,  of  15th  cent.;  there  is  also 
a  mural  monoment  on  8.  side  of 
chancel  to  five  knights  connected  wiUi 
the  Irish  government  in  16th  cent., 
nnd  a  good  brass,  temp.  Hen.  VIII., 
to  a  member  of  the  Bulkeley  family. 
On  a  wooded  height  overlooking  the 
town  is  Boron  HiU,  the  seat  of  ffir  H. 
M.  Williams  Bulkeley,  Bart,  Con- 
stable of  Scaumaris  Castle;  in  the 
beautiful  grounds,  abounding  in  fine 
conifers,  commanding  lovely  views 
(shown  to  the  public),  are  the  coflln- 
lid  and  bust  of  the  Princess  Joan 
<l3th  cent.),  brought  Irom  adjacent 
priory  of  Llanihes. 

Etettj-HOBi.— To  1 
m.  1  m.  I.  on  the  Pi 
skirts  sea  greater  port  of  way,  is  tl;e 
Fnan,  a  house  belonging  to  Sir  R. 
W.  Bulkeley,  near  which  ore  remains 
of  Llanfaes  Friary  ;  in  what  seems  to 
have  been  the  conventual  ch.,  now 
used  as  a  bam,  are  lancet  windows  of 
13th  cent. ;  from  the  cellars  of  the 
mansion  a  curious  subterranean  pass- 
age, of  moBonry,  and  remarkably  clean, 
runs  towards  uie  shore;  a  little  above 


the  Friors  ia  He»lli/s,  "  the  old  palace 
(Major  Hampton  Levis),  where  sr 
a  oollecUon  erf  pictures,  Owen  Tudor' 
bed,  and  other  antiquities:  1  m,  farther 
rt,  near  the  sliore,  ie  Tre'r  CatteU, 
nhere  dwelt  the  renowned  Sir  Tudor 
ap  Gronw?;  1  m.  further  I.  is  Trm-^- 
Afim  (11.  Williama,  Esq.).  and  on  sum- 
mit of  densely  overgrown  bank  oppo- 
site is  Cattle  LUiniog,  or  Caetell  AMr- 
lleiuawg  (Capt.  Miichell),  a,  small 
square  fort,  with  the  remains  of  a 
round  tower  at  each  cumer ;  a  foss 
surrounds  the  whole,  and  a  hollow 
way  is  curried  quite  to  the  sJiore,  at 
the  extremity  of  which  is  a  lar^^e 
mound  of  earth  to  cover  the  Iandm<;. 
Hence  a  rather  bad  rond  of  IJ  m. 
runs  cloeo  to  water's  edge,  through 
limestone  quarries  to  Fenmon  Priatij, 
n^bich  is  noted  for  its  beautiibt  situa- 
tion and  interestiiig  architecture  (by 
following  coast  the  pedestrian  '"*"  "' 
off  a  mile).  Here  Aug;ustine 
weae  settled  aa  early  sa  6th 
by  Eini(ai  Freuhin;  the  conventnal 
en,  (restored  1854)  is  cruciform,  and 
chiefly  Norm,  in  style.  Observe  Norm, 
arcades  in  tmnsept,  those  on  W.  aide 
being  on  higher  devotion  tlian  those 
on  ES.  ;  also  the  deeply  recessed  win- 
dows of  nave,  and  beautifully  sculp- 
tured arch,  with  Norm,  moulding; 
orer  the  ch.  dour  ie  figure  of  a  dragon, 
similar  to  tliat  on  one  of  pinnacles  of 
Holyhead  Ch. ;  at  rt.  angles  to  the  ch. 
is  a  fannhouae,  formerly  the  prior's 
residence,  to  which  are  attached  ruins 
of  the  refectory;  on  hanh  opposite 
ell.  is  the  pigfeon-house,  with  curious 
domlcalroofoftimeofHen.Vni.  Ob- 
serve on  Mil  above,  the  dngular  erou, 
whose  compartmcnta  represent  mock- 
ery of  our  Saviour  by  the  soldiejrs,  who 
are  depicted  with  heads  of  beasts. 
Ctossing  dovra  on  rt.  the  tourist  will  de- 
scend opposite  the  LigIit!i(Hiee  (erected 
183S),  which  ia  approached  from  shore 
by  an  iron  bridge,  and  is  said  to  con- 
tiun  more  couTses  of  masonry  under 
water  Uian  even  the  Eddystone;  he 
may  then  visit  in  a  few  minutes  by 
row  boat,  Pugiii  Idand,  otherwise 
Ynys  fieiriol,  and  Prieatholm,  a 
favourite  spot  for  picuio  parties,  and 
wha«  good    flshiiig    may    be   bad ; 


here  is  a  rude  oblong  tower,  40  tt. 
long,  with  low  conical  roof,  similar  to 
that  at  Pemnon,  which  is  said  to  be 
as  early  as  6S0  a.d.,  and  was  probably 
used  as  monastery  'before  Penmon  was 
built ;  there  are  also  fragments  of 
bnildings  and  Sssures  in  the  limestone, 
which  served  as  places  of  burial.  The 
tourist  may  agreeably  extend  the  walk 
to  B.  side  of  Bedrcharf  Bay,  returning 
to  Beaumaris  inland;  the  road  skirts 
an  elevated  range  of  hill,  passing  vil- 
lages of  Jiangoed  and  Llanv^uaigel 
to  Bardd  ArOmr,  or  Arthur's  Round 
TaUe  (called  also  Binaa  Sjrlwy),  the 
larf^t  camp  in  Anglesey;  just  under 
E.  slope  liea  the  very  small  ch.  of 
LVrnvihangel,  which  has  curious  mov- 
able pulpit;  the  road  now  descends 
hill  to  IJandonjia,  beautifully  silaated 
above  Buy  of  Bedwharf  or  Traeth 
Coch;  1}  m.  S.  is  Zibrntcafyn,  in  E. 
Perp.  ch.  of  which  is  a  12th-cent. 
font,  and  a  14th-cent.  slab ;  hence 
rood  runs  over  high  ground  behind 
woods  of  Baron  Hill,  and  leaving  on 
rt.  the  small  lake  of  Bodgolched,  to 
Beaumaris.  This  ezcnndim  is  alto- 
gether about  13  m. 

To  Amlvxh  (see),  about  18  m.,  the 
beat  route  for  vising  E.  coast  of  An- 
glesey; 1  m.  ft.  ia  Unitm  H«vte;  lit 
2^  m.  a  road  1.  leads  to  Uandeafan 
(about  3  m.  from  Beaontaris,  of  which 
it  is  the  mother  oh. ;  it  ia  noted  for  its 
large  8.  chapel),  and  a  second  road 
continnes  to  LUtntadiera;  1  m.  ftlr- 
thcr  on,  at  Trevor,  is  a  cromlech  on  1. 
of  road,  and  on  rt,  at  Intervals,  are 
Meini-heirion.  or  erect  stones ;  fur- 
ther on  is  reached  Mynydd  Llun/diarth, 
a  rugged  chain  of  hills  skirting  N. 
promontory  as  far  as  Penmon :  on  the 
slope  is  the  small  Lyn  of  the  same 
me;  at  5  m.,  oa  a  rivulet  which 
empties  itself  1  m.  N.  into  Hedwharf 
"  r,  ia  pretty  village  of  Feiitraeth 
.  It:  pButon  Arms);  a  little  S.  is 
Flaeriyitpi  (Lord  Vivian),  Bedwharf 
Bay  is  said  to  furnish  some  very  rare 
shells ;  the  cliffs  arc  quoi-ried  for  lime- 
stone, which  ia  shipped  at  Porthilong- 
Mxi  (about  2  m.  N.  of  Pentraeth), 
whore  is  small  inn ;  from  Pentraeth, 
the  tourist  may  (1)  diverge  1}  m.  1.  to 
Uandgfnaa ;  over  S.  door  of  Ch,  of 


34 


SEAVUARIS-IiEGCLES. 


which  is  sculpture  of  the  Crucifixion;  a 
luge  meoMr  stands  in  adjoining  field; 
or  (2)  about  JO  m.  to  LlanerAymedd ; 
contiaaing  tlie  Amlwch  route,  1|  m. 
N.W.  of  Pentraeth  is  Llanbtdr  Goch, 
2  m.  bcjood  which,  on  rt.,  ia  Llanfair- 
mathafani-eititt^,  the  birthplace  of 
fomoos  WeUh  poet  Goronwy  Owen ; 
in  ch.-fd.  ia  a  matilated  crosa  ;  1  m. 
Airiher  oa  ia  Llanevgrad,  where  lire 
ancient  manor-house  and  park,  with 
curionBEliiftb«lhanpiKeon-Bou«;  the 
fine  modern  maneioa  Hete,  called  Par- 
cian,  ia  reddence  of  Wm.  WiUiaiua, 
Eaq. ;  1  m.  fHiither,  on  rt,,  ia  rade 
little  ch.  of  LlaTutUgo,  aaid  to  be  of 
Tth  cent. ;  here,  and  in  neighbonring 
ch.  of  PenrJiog  Ilugwy  (which  also  hna 
in  its  ch.-Td.  a  lude  mscribed  Btone 
of  doubtful  originX  were  buried  the 
bodies  of  thoae  drowned  in  the  "  Boyal 
Charter,"  26  Oct  18G9.  Near  Moel- 
fre,  abont  IJ  m.  furtber  oo,  ia  fln< 
liromlech,  placed  on  seven  Hupporta. 
'i  m.  further  on,  the  river  Diila*  ii 
erosaed,  the  limestone  locliB  give 
place  to  the  Llandeilo  formation  ;  the 
igneous  rocks  of  tlie  Faryt  Moniitaiua 
form  notable  feature  in  landscape; 
Im.  further  on  is  LIvs^uJiis  (Sir  Aiun- 
dell  and  La<^  Neare);  from  grounds, 
nbich  slope  to  the  water,  are  msguifi- 
ccot  sea  views i  a  littlefurther  N.,the 
restored  ch.  of  lAaHwenllsfo  contains 
an  elaborate  braSR  of  17tll  cent.  '  " 
further,  at  Feiwarii,  the  road 
high  ground  becween  the  Parjs  and 
Llaneilian  Mountains,  whence  it  de- 
aoenda  to  17  m.  AirUvidi. 

To  Penmunydd,  Ij  m.,  the  walk 
drive  may  be  continued  to  Uange/ni, 
i  m.  further  on  (wliich  see),  return- 
ing to  Beaumaris  by  different  road, 
bv  picturesque  ch.  of  LUuffinan.  T( 
Menai  Bridge.  Llanfair,  Llanidan,  4c., 
the  road  passes  close  to  the  atrait, 
the  banks  of  which  are  well  wooded, 
and  covered  bj  an  almost  endless  suc' 
cession ofvillas;  atabout3m.,otihi1U 
on  rt.,  ia  lAattdegfan  (»iigra).  IJ  m. 
further  on  is  Mcnni  Bridge,  close  to 
which  ia  viUafl;e  of  LJandytilio,  a  little 
N.W.  of  which,  and  on  rt.  of  turnpike- 
road,  is  the  eminence  of  Craig-y-dmat, 
on  which  stands  VbaAngUtaj  Cobtmn 
(100  ft.  high),  crowned   b;  colossal 


bronze  statue  of  the  lute  Morqnis  of 
Anglesey,  by  Noble;  the  rock,  260  ft., 
should    be  ascended  for  one  of    the 
finest  views  in  Wales,  compriBiu);  the 
Suaite,  the   Welsh   Alps   from  Fen- 
awr,  on  cilreme  X  to  Snowdon 
also  the  pass  of  Nant  Ffrancon 
Captl    CuTi'g).     IJ    m.   beyond 
Menai  Bridge  ia  reached  the  Britan- 
nia   TiAalar  Bridge    (see   Bangor). 
Close  to  Llanfair  Ch.  is  Plat  Llan- 
/air    (Lord   Clarence  Paget) ;   from 
LlnnMi  the  excursion  may  be  con- 
tinued about  3  m.  to  Uanedtcen  Ch., 
passing  the  beautiful  Plae  Neinydd, 
the    Elizabethan    mansion    of   Plat 
Coch ;  from  Llauedwen  the  tourist  may 
cross  ferry  at  Moel-y-don  (where  Edw. 
I.'a  army  was  defeated  by  tiie  Welsh) 
to  the  little  port  of  Dinorwiii,  on  oppo- 
site bank,  where  the  slates  from  Mr. 
Assheton  Smith's  great  slate  quarries 
'e  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  world  ; 
little  IJolow  Moel-y-don  ia  Pori>tamel, 
■.ene  of  a  conflict  between  Soman 
army  and  the  Druids.    About  1  m. 
below    Llauedwen    is    Ltanidan,   in 

Sarisbof  which  ia  the  celebrated  JUoeH 
(ordwydd,  or  thigh-atone,  said  to  nl- 
waya  return  to  the  place  whence  it 
was  moved.  Within  little  more  than 
n  mile  radius  of  Llanidan  are  a  won- 
derful number  of  early  remains.  In 
about  3  m.  &om  Llanidan  the  toniist 
can  reach  tlie  TaUy-foel  ferry,  and 
cross  (he  Menai  Btrails,  in  a  small 
steamer,  te  Caernarvon. 

Difianca. — Conway,  18  m. ;  Caer- 
narvon, 12  m. ;  Holyhead,  27  m.  (or 
rail  from  Llanfair  8te.t., 27m,)  ;  Snow- 
don, 16  m.  by  toad,  and  19  m.  h}r 
rail  from  Bangor  Btat,    Liverpool  1^ 


BUUVALB      ASBBT,       SCO      HtldiluUl 

Torkard. 

Beccles  (Suffolk),  Stat,  Ut  B. 
Ely.  (Waveney  Valley).  Itml  Eing'a 
Head  H. ;  Wliite  Lion  H.    OneofUui 

most  pleasantly-situated  towns  iu  Suf- 
folk. The  view  from  the  ck-yd.  ia 
worth  seeking.  The  Ch.  of  St.  Midiad 
is  the  chief  point  of  interest.  It  ia 
entiifjy  Perp.  Tho  boll  tower  stands 
detached,  on  the  8.  side  of  the  ch., 
nearitiE.end.  Itwas  began  in  1500, 
ii  Snished,  probablyowing 


BEDDGELEST. 


35 


to  the  diBBalution  of  Bary  Abbey.  Tlie 
nave  is  of  uuuaual  widUi.  tho  viow  al 
which  from  the  W.iluor  is  ven' striking. 
The  S.  porch  deservBg  specul  notice. 
It  is  iu  two  storeys,  greatly  enriched 
with  niches,  taberoacle  work,  and  pin- 
lutclee.  There  uie  windows  £.  and  W. 
in  hoth  Btoreya.  A  projecting  octago- 
nal staircase  leads  to  the  upper 
chamber,  rrotn  which  a  window 
opened  io  the  inteiior  of  the  eh.  In 
this  ch.  the  poet  Cnihbe  was  mairied 


le  town ;  much  of  it  has  been  laid 
ODt  with  broad  walks,  and  planted. 

Dijtemws.— 20  min.  by  railway  to 
Lomtttoft ;  \  hr.  to  YaTmoiUh. 

Becklet,  see  Orford  (Excursions). 

Bedile,  SCO  ^ortAoUerlon. 

Beddvelert  (CaoroarroD.),  13 
m.  iiom  Gaernarron,  and  7  m.  from 
Ttemadoc  \  6  m.  from  anmiut  of  Snow- 
Inn.'  ■Boyal  and  Goat  H.,a  little 
way  out  of  the  Yillafte;  Prince  Lle- 
wellyn, a  small  roadside  inn,  in  the 
village. 

This  "gem  of  Wehih  Tillages"  lies 
deeply  seclnded  near  the  Junction  of 
Uie  rivers  Colwyn  vaA  Glasllyn,  and 
guarded  by  the  towering  height*  of 
Uoel  EGbog,  Yr  Aran,  and  the  pre- 
cipitods  ridge  of  Craig-y-Llau ;  the 
anall  Ch.,  originally  conventual,  and 
bekmging  to  a  priiwy  of  Augustines, 
U  Eatlj  Pointed,  and  temp.  Edward  I., 
but  is  quite  plain  and  without  cha- 
ntAxx.  Observe  the  coffiu-platea  wiUi 
UMuei  of  deceased  parishioners  hung 
over  their  pews ;  in  field  close  to  the 
Ch.  U  seXA  to  exiet  the  tomb  of  Gelort, 
the  hound  of  Llewellpi,  the  well- 
hiown  story  of  whose  death  has  in- 
vested the  place  with  some  interest, 
and  gives  its  eatne  (Qelcrt's  Grave), 

A  pleasant  walk  along  the  road,  1^  m. 
S.,  brings  yon  to  Potd  AhergkuRyn,  a 
bridge  in  the  grand  and  romantiis  pass 
of  that  name,  which  crosses  the  Glas- 
llyo,  and  unites  Caernarvon  and  Me- 
rioneth; [H^piloua  rocks  on  either 
side,  those  on  rt.  being  about  800  ft 
hi^  dove  in  Uie  road,  which  ii  cut 
li^  the  solid  rock,  buely  luving 


room  fur  the  impetuous  river,  here  of 
a  singular  beryl-grecn  colour.  The 
bridge  is  one-arched,  and  beautifnlly 
clothed  with  ivy.  Tho  tourist  should 
view  the  scenery,  which  is  equally 
striking  in  stumi  or  sunshine,  from 
about  100  yds.  down  the  Tremadoo 
road,  and  should  then  walk  leistuely 
through  the  pass  for  about  )  m. — a 
carriage  would  hurry  him  past  too  soon. 
The  geologist  should  look  out  for  stri- 
ations  and  glacier-grooviogs,  a  notice 
of  which,  in  the  late  Dr.  Buckland's 
own  writiDg,  is  to  be  seen  at  the  Goat 
Hotel. 

Ezeartiofu. — Ascent  of  &uividrm  ; 
the  tourist  may  either  (1)  follow  the 
Nant  Gwynant  road  as  &r  as  the  turn 
to  the  Gwynllan  quarries,  follow  the 

Suarry  road  as  far  as  it  goes,  and  then 
limb  straight  up  to  the  summit ;  this 
ascent  may  be  made  without  difficulty ; 
or  (2)  he  may  follow  tho  uphill  Caer- 
narvon tumplke-road  for  3  m.  to  PiU's 
Head,  3  m.  ftom,  the  sunmiit;    the 


farmhouse  of  Ffridd  Vehaf,  through 
which  the  traok  leads  over  rough  but 
not  steep  ground ;  about  1  m.  from 
farmhouse  is  a  cairn  in  memory  of  Mr. 
Coi,  a  tiiurist,  who  lost  his  life  in  the 
descent  in  1859;  the  way  soon  be- 
comes steep  np  the  LUchog,  and  the 
grand  scenery  opens  out;  in  front 
ore  Moel  Hebog,  Mynydd  Mawr,  Llyn 
Owellyn,  and  Moel  Lilio,  while  through 
the  pass  of  Nautlle,  the  sun  shines  on 
the  sea  at  Clynni^;  to  the  rt  Anglesey 
and  Caernarvon  are  visible,  and  to  the 
1.  the  eye  wanders  over  Tremadoo  and 
tho  coast  of  Harlech ;  at  the  top  of 
Llechi:^,  the  tourist  anddenly  emerges 
on  the  very  narrow  and  prolouged 
ridge  of  Jitcldi-y-maen,  or  Clawdd 
Codi,  the  most  exposed  and  danger- 
suggesting  point  in  the  ascent  of 
Snowdon,  there  being  no  fbnce  or 
holding  on  either  hand ;  it  is  about  8 
ft.  in  breadth  and  nearly  }  m.  in  length, 
and  divides  Ctvm  Clogwyn  and  Owm 
Llan,  the  cliffs  of  which  descend  on 
each  side  in  fearful  precipices;  the 
path  is,  however,  quite  safe,  and  ladies 
may  tide  along  it  Heitoe  it  is  a  steep 
but  short  pnll  to  the  suiomit,  where  js 


3G 


SEDDGELERT. 


ail  iun  afiurdiiig:  fair  accammodatioD. 
A  Srd  Bscunt,  but  the  least  BtriMng  of 
all,  may  aha  be  made  by  proceeding 
alone:  the  Caernarvon  toad  to  Llyii 
Cadlya,  about  Si  m. ;  here  is  a  Bmall 
bnt  comfortable  inn,  "the  Snowdon 
Konget,"  vhere  guides  ma^  bo  bad  for 
the  ascent  14)  m.),  and  boata  may  be 
hired  lor  fishing  in  the  lake,  which 
contains  char  and  tront  In  rough 
weather  touriets  should  he  car«fUl 
at  to  the  violent  squalls  to  nliich  this 
lake  is  subject ;  the  path,  a  former 
copper-mioe  track,  leads  over  some 
eitent  of  raOier  swampy  ground,  along 
B.  slope  of  Moel-j-Cynghorion  (Hill  of 
Council);  hence  it  gradually  ascends 
to  Bnlch-cwm-Brwynog,  imd  gains 
summit  of  the  clifla  of  Cli^wjn  du'r 
Arddu,  not  far  from  the  summit. 
(N.B.,  for  the  ascent  see  also  Uoji- 
berie  and  Capet  CuH'i,')  Moel  Hebog 
(28S0  ft.),  one  of  the  Snowdonian 
hills,  composed  of  Caradoc  formetions, 
may  alio  be  ascended  immediately 
trom  behind  the  Goat  Hotol.  The 
aacent,  though  sleep  and  rough,  pi'c- 
aents  no  difBculties.  The  tourist 
should  steer  for  2  farms  at  the  foot, 
and  thence  climb  the  Shoulder.  There 
is  a  very  fine  eirm  on  NJ!.  side,  but 
without  tlic  Alpine  glcna  character- 
istic of  tlie  district:  ^"i  tii«  mmmiit 
there  is  a  magnificent  view  extending 
E.  to  Penygwryd  with  Ijlyns  Gwynant 
and  Dinas,  and  on  W.  and  8.,  over  the 
peninsula  of  Lleyn,  the  Bay  of  Car- 
digan, down  to  St.  David's  Head ;  the 
descent  may  be  made  on  the  S.  side  to 
Feiimnrfa  and  Criccietb.  Moel  Hebog 
ia  held  by  the  guides  an  nnerring 
barometer  for  ascent  of  Snowdon,  the 
latter  being  imprsotioable  when  the 
former  is  covered  with  clouds. 

To  Tait-ifiiclch,  by  carriage-road 
10  m.;  by  Tremadoc,  15  m.  About 
1}  m.  beyoDd  Pont  Aberglasllyn  is 
Dolfriog  (Mrs.  Jackson);  thence  a 
hilly  carriage-road  by  Penrhyn  (Stat. 
Ffestiniog  Ely.)  leads  to  Tan-tj- 
Bulch. 

Another  (pedestrian)  excursion  may 
be  made  twja  Pont  Aberglasllyn  by 
taking,  at  2  m.  on  the  old  roadtoTan- 
y-BwIch,  a  bridle-road  1.,  which  runs 
ap  the  Tale  of  Nanty-y-Mor,  at  bend  of 


v/hhh  turn  it.,  nud  brtast  Ihe  slopes 
of  the  bill  above  Cwm  Celli  Jago, 
whence  a  sharp  climb  will  lead  to  head 
of  the  cone  at  summit  of  Cynichl, 
2372  ft.,  an  ascent  rarely  made,  but 
worth  while  for  the  magnificent  view, 
which  compnses  to  S.  Snowdon  and 
its  ranges,  and  to  £.  the  mighty  jagged 
mountain  of  Moelwyn,  separated  only 
b^  the  deei;  Cwm  Croeaor.  Ftom  sum- 
mit of  Cynicht,  the  tourist  may  extend 
the  excursion  along  ridge  of  Croig-y- 
llyn-Llagi,  visit  the  lakes  of  Llyn 
Lagi,  LIlyn-yr-Adar,  lilyn-Edno,  and 
some  smaller  ones  (see  Capel-Ctiriif — 
Pen-y-gwryd),  and  then  descend  either 
1.  into  Nant  Gwynant,  or  rt.  over  tiie 
Lledr  to  Dolwjddelan  (see  Bettici). 
(c)  The  tourist  raay  also,  by  proceeding 

4  m.  from  Pont  Aberglasllyn  on  the  old 
Tany-bwlch  road,  ta£e  a  road  1.  to  Cwm 
Croeaor,  and  make  an  easy  ascent  to 
Moelwin ;  the  moat  convenient  ascent 
to  which,  however,  is  tromTan-y-bwlch. 
To  Capel  Curia,  a  lovely  walk  through 
the  vale  of  Mant  Gwynant  lesda  by 
Dinas  Emrys,  Llyn  Dinaa,  and  Llyn 
Gwynant  (where  is  trout  fishing)  to 
Penygwryd,  8  m.  Hence  it  is  4  m.  by 
vale  of  Nanty-gwryd  to  Capel  Ourig ; 
whence  the  excursion  mey  bo  extended 

5  m.  to  Bettw»-y-Cotd,  passing  the 
Falls  of  Skaiadr-y.  W«iol.  (a)  From 
Pen^wryd  the  tourist  may  also  di- 
verge I.,  4  m.,  through  the  wonderful 
paaa  of  Llanboris  to  Llanbetii.  To 
Caernarvon,  13  m.,  passing  N.W. 
through  a  beoutifully-wooded  vale  of 
the  Colwyn ;  at  about  3  m.,  at  top  of 
the  watershed,  on  1.  is  a  large  boulder- 
stone  called  Pitt'a  Bead,  from  a  sin- 
gular resemblance  to  tlie  profile  of 
tiiBt  sfateaman;  and  a  little  beyond,  1. 
in  a  wild  barren  table-land,  is  Uyu-t/- 
gader,  a  small  lake,  whero  small  trout 
can  be  caught  in  numbers  from  boats, 
of  which  thera  is  one  belonging  to  Qie 
hotel  at  Beddsclert;  }  m,  furtlier  on 
is  turnpike  of  Fonlrhyd-ddu ;  hence 
the  tourist  may  diverge  1.  passing  the 
little  Liyn  DywaTchen,  with  its  "  fioat- 
ing  island,"  urough  the  lovely  pass  of 
i>m«-i/««rf  to  the  NaTitU  lakes,  9  m. 
by  mil  ttom  Caernarvon  (which  sec). 
Continuing  on  Caernarvon  road,  2  m. 
beyond  Font-rhyd-ddn,  in  readied  Ujpt 


Cieellyn  (ante),  a  very  Ads  abeet  of 
water  about  li  m.  long,  lying  in  an 
elongated  boHiii  between  tlio  epora  of 
Moel  Gocli  and  Moel-y-Cynghorion  on 
1.,  BndMynyiIdMawr.2300ft.  At  its 
N.W.  end,  the  cliffB  of  Craig-cwm- 
byvbnn  descend  precipitously  to  the 
water's  edge,  and  on  one  isolated  rock 
are  fainltnicsaof  CosieH  CidiBin,  "the 
wolf's  castle,"  en  early  Britisli  forttees. 
14  m.  farther  is  Kant  MiU,  on  ' 
bunks  of  the  Gnrfai,  one  of  the 
picturesque  '■  hits  "  in  Walea ;  whence 
it  is  6}  m.  to  Caernarvon. 

Coachei  during  the  seas 
tweeii  Pottmadoc,  Beddgelert  (Buyal 
an<[  Goat  Hotel),  and  Llanberia. 

Dataneet. — Llanwrst,  22  m. ;  Cric- 
cielh,  11  m. ;  Pwllheli,  20  m. 

Bedford  (Beds.),  8tat.,  Mid- 
land Ely.,  on  the  N.  side  of  tlie  town, 
50  ui.  from  London.  The  Slat,  for 
the  L.  A  N.  W.  Bly.  and  the  Gt.  N. 
£ly.  is  at  the  opposite  end  of  the  town, 
beyond  the  bridge.  Inm :  The  Swan, 
very  pleasantly  situated  near  tbe  ri  -  - 
with  a  lai^e  and  pretty  garden, 
which  stands  the  Cattle  Mound  (see 
poHf>;  George  (see  poaO;  Bed  Lion. 
The  town  Iiei<  for  the  most  part  on  the 
rt.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  Vary  important 
charities  were  established  in  and  for 
the  town  bv  Sit  Wm.  Horpur  (d.  157*) 
and  his  wife  Alice.  Oat  of  them  has 
arisen  the  Gmmmar  School,  one  of  the 
best  and  most  important  in  this  part  of 
England.  To  strangers  the  cliief  pla<~  ~ 
of  interest  in  end  around  Bedford) 
those  connected  with  its  great  "  Cele- 
bris," John  Buuyan.  The  Cattle,  or 
rather  its  site,  is  approached  through 
thn  Swan  Inn,  where  leave  ^ould  bo 
asked  to  visit  it.  The  principal  work 
is  an  nrtiflcial  circular  mound,  about 
15  ft.  higli,  and  150  ft.  in  diameter 
across  the  summit,  which  is  level,  and 
has  long  served  as  a  bowling-green. 
Bedford  is  dietinguished  by  the  num- 
ber and  importance  of  its  dissenting 
chapels.  The  Congregational  Ohapel 
should  be  visited.  It  represents  and 
occopies  the  site  of  tbe  first  congrega- 
tional jneeting  in  Bedford,  that  in 
which  John  BanfBn  preached.  Against 
the  wall  of  the  chapel  is  a  tablet  re- 
cotding  Bunyan's  connectioii  with  it, 


fOBfl.  37 

and  the  &u:t  of  his  long  detention  in 
Bedford  Gaol.  In  the  vestry  is  pre- 
served his  chair,  whicli  there  is  little 
doubt  really  belonged  to  bim.  In  the 
library  of  the  Literary  /tad  Scleiilijic 
Iitititation,  Harpur-street,  is  a  copy  of 
Foie's  'Acts  and  Monuments,'  'i  vols, 
fol.,  1641,  with  the  autograph  of  John 
Bunyan,  and  several  verses  written  on 
the  margin  at  different  periods  of  his 
life. 

The  Bedford  Room*  in  Harpor-street 
contain  a  good  concert  and  ball  room, 
a  reading  room,  the  Bedford  Geiteral 
Library,  and  the  Libieryand  Moseum 
of  the  Bedford  Arekselo^eal  Sooiety. 
Opposite  this  building  are  the  several 
buildings  of  the  Bedford  Hfhoolt.  Of 
the  many  Altaihoaie)  of  Bedford, 
"  Bame  Alice-^reet "  contains  i6 ; 
and  iu  Conduit-street  there  are  20. 
Two  ouly  of  the  few  relics  of  ancient 
Bedford  call  for  notice — the  old  hos- 
telry of  tbe  George  iu  High-street, 
and  the  remains  of  the  Qi-ey  Friars 
house  iu  Priory-street. 

The  Geor^  lies  on  the  ).  in  descend- 
ing the  Htghrstreet.     Passing  down 
tlie  yard  a  Perp.  archway  will  be  seen 
crossing   it,  and  having    above    and 
along  the  sides  a  range  of  windows. 
The  remains  of  the  Greij  Friart,  now 
partly  converted  into  a  Kirmhouse,  are 
coasiderable. 
The  KTeat  modern  sight  of  Bedford 
the  Britartnia  Ironxcorkt  (chiefly  for 
mnnufacture   of    agricultural   iinplo- 
ments)    of   Messrs.    Howard.      They 
adjoin  tbe  Midland  Sly.  Stat,  and  a 
visitor  arriving  at  that  station  may  be 
conducted  to  them  nt  oaoe  on  applica- 
<  the  BtatioQ-msster.    From  tiie 
the  works    are  to  be   readied 
throusih  Cold  well-street,  on  the  S.  side 
"  the  bridge. 

From  the  Cemetery,  feitoated  on  a 
low  hilly  ridge  on  tbe  N.  side  of  the 
town,  a  flne  view  may  be  obtained 
across  Bedford  to  the  heights  of  Ampt- 
hill,  and  beyond  again  to  tbe  Wobum 
ntnge.  From  the  top  of  tlie  hill  above 
tlie  cemetery  a  still  finer  view  is  ob- 

Elitme,  1]  m.  S ,  has  a  remarkable 
Ch.,  formerly  attached  to  tbe  abhey, 
and  U  famous  as  the  birthplace   <f 


BEDFORD— BELFOBD. 


and  arches  of  the  Ch. 
Tho  2  western  picra  Kod  arches 
W.  front  are  E.B.  Notice  rude  sculp- 
tures  over  Norm,  portal  in  N.  aiale. 
Inside  Ch.  notice  richlj-foliaged  capi- 
tals and  knots  of  foliage  at  intersec- 
tiODs  of  arches;  also  2  interesting 
broMes,  One  braes  dieplajs  the  finest 
existing  effigy  of  a  Benraictine  Ab- 
bess (Elizabeth  Hervey,  d.  1524).  In 
a  Hoe  with  this  W,  bont,  but  entirely 
detached  from  the  di.   '    " 


beU-te 


late  Feip.,  in  which  Bunyan  used  to 
indulge  his  favourita  amusemeut  of 
bell-ringing.  It  has  5  bolls  (dates 
1601-55),  and  tradition  asserts  that 
the  fourth  bell  was  that  which  Buityau 
used  to  rine.  It  was  on  the  village 
green  that  Bnnjan  BawhisTidoD,and 
received  his  oonTersion  whilst  playing 
at  tip-cat  on  a  Sunday.  On  the  rt. 
side  of  the  village  street  (entering 
from  Bedford)  is  a  low  cottage  with 
2  gables,  standing  alone.  This  is 
where  he  lived  after  hia  marriage. 
The  pedestrian  returning  lo  Bcdibrd 
may  cross  by  a  field  path  to  the  high 
rood,  close  to  which  stands  the  £ed/ord- 
thire  Itiiddle  Clots  School,  a  large  and 
imposing  Tudor  building.  The  Ck.  of 
Clapham,  11  m.  from  Bedford,  ia  notice- 
able for  its  very  massive  tower,  the 
lower  part  of  which  no  doubt  dates 
before  the  Conquest ;  the  uppermost 
stage  ia  Norm.  The  lower  has  no 
extenial  door  and  no  window-opening 
for  a  considerable  height,  anil  was 
evidently  intended  for  defence  and 
protection. 

The  churches  and  villages  of  Bid- 
denkam  and  Brvrnhma   may  be  the 
objects  of  another  and  longer  walk. 
Biddenham  lies  about  2  u.  W.    The 
village  with   its  scattered  house 
very  pretty,  and  the  Ck.  (of  vai 
dates)  haa  some  interest.    Notice 
ions  hagioscope  on  N.  side  of  chancel 
arch :    und  monuments  with  ingcrip- 
tions  to  the  Bolelere  (d.  1601-21),  and 
to  children  of  a  former  vicar  (Gi* 
shawe). 

The  Gh.  o/'  Bromkim  stands  on  the 
N.  side  of  Bromham  Park  (Hon.  Elea- 
nore  Mary  Rice  Trevor),  3  m.  N.W. 


of  Bedford.    Tho  park,  through  which 

there  is  a  footpath,  is  pleasant  and 
well  wooded — the  CTi.  has  a  Dee.  ar- 
cade and  N.  aisle  with  a  modem  chan- 
cel. The  tower  is  good  Perp.  The 
AouM  stauds  close  to  the  river  sur- 
rounded by  noble  trees.  GolSington, 
2  m.  N.B.  of  Bedford,  ia  worth  a  visit. 
The  houses  are  grouped  picturesqutjy 
round  the  green.  Tv,roey  CK.,  rich  in 
monuments  of  Mordanntii,  and  A\ibeH 
(C.  L.  Higgins,  Esq.)  are  G  m.  by  rail. 
The  next  station  is  Otney,  4^  m.(Inn.- 
Bull),  where  Cowper  lived.  The  poet* s 
'lOuse,  at  the  corner  of  the  market- 
ilace,  and  garden  remain,  and  the 
louse  in  which  he  kept  his  hares,  and 
the  greenhouse.  Ids  "  summer  seat," 
are  still  shown.  ITie  railway  continues 
past  Horton  to,  11  m.,  NorOutm^U/a. 

7J  m.  from  Bedford  by  rail  is  Sham- 
btook.  In  the  neighbourhood  are  se- 
veral churches  worth  visiting,  and 
some  interesting  excursions  may  ba 

(a)  To   Felmarsham,    2}   m.,    Ch. 

gi.  E.)  very  fine,  with  remarkable 
erp.  rood  screen;  thence,  2  ra.,  to 
Od^  CA.,  which  has  some  good  stained 
glass  and  a  rich  Jacobean  pulpit ; 
mence,  IJ  m.,  to  Harold ;  and  ttienoe, 
crossing  the  bridge  over  the  Ouao,  to 
(about  H  m.)  Turvey  (supra). 

(6)  To,  2m.N.W.,SouJdr™,thenoo 
ncroHs  the  Selds  to,  2}  m.,  the  Ck.  of 
Wgminglon  (late  Dec),  one  of  the  best 
examples  in  the  county.  Observe  ex- 
terior of  tower  and  spire. 

Bbdcebuby  Fabe,  see  Cranbrook. 

Be£B,  see  Seaton. 

Beer  Alston,  see  Tavittock. 

Beer  Fuhbsbs,  see  TattUtock. 

Beeston,  see  Cromer. 

Beleiqh  Abbey,  see  llaldon, 

Selford  (NorthumberleDd), 
Stat,  about  midway  between  Berwiek 
and  Alnwick,  being  !17  min.  by  roil 
from  former,  and  43  min.  from 
latter.  Inn;  *Bell.  Near  the  town, 
on  the  Chapel  HOI,  are  ruins  of  an  old 
chapel :  the  wild  pink  (lManihu»  del- 
toides)  is  found  here ;  1  m.  S.E.  at 
OiUdieiteT  are  remains  of  square  Ro- 
man oamp,  with  wide  fbese  and  double 
rampart.  Excurihiu  may  be  made  (1) 
to  (^lliwjham,  8  m.  from  Beltbrd  Stat. 


BELLINOBAM—BEL8A  T. 


(see  Wooler);  from  the  billa  beliiod 
Belford  ie  flue  view  over  moorland  to 
tUa  Cheviots ;  (2)  Bamborough,  4  m. 
xt,  and  the  Fame  Mandi,  by  a  ploa- 
Bant  drive  skirting  Waren  Bay  and 
deBCending  on  the  castte  b;  the  Budle 
Hills;  (3)  to  Holy  Itland  and  the 
ruined  abbey  of  Lindiifame  (aeo 
Bamborough),  5  m,  from  Seal  Stat. 
Hire  conveyance  at  Belford  and  drive 
direcl^  viS  Beal.  The  boat  hire  is  li- 
each  passenger  each  way.  Another 
ronto  la  throagh  the  village  of  Elwiiek, 
but  thia  is  not  available  for  horses  or 
carriages,  which  must  go  fay  way  of 
BoM.     About  S  m.  )il.  of  Belfbrd 


HtUa,  remarkable  for  their  rare  plants ; 
the  view  from  them  extends  as  &r  as 
tbe  Bass  Book. 

Belllngrham  (Northumber- 
land), Stat.,  1  hr.  40  min.  by  rail 
from  Newcastle.  Jnn:  Bailway  Hotel. 
The  Ch.  of  Si.  CuOberl,  dating  fiom 
lath  cent.,  has  maaaive  stone  roof 
upon  ribbed  arches  (restored  1865); 
1  m,  N.,  crossing  hillside  to  head  of  a 
plantation  in  a  long  rift  of  the  hill, 
ia  Hareekaw  Linn,  a  waler&ll  30  ft. 
high ;  the  district  abonnds  in  sijuaie 
oamps,  of  which  may  be  mentioned 
those  at  Garret  Holt,  Reedswood,  and 
Nook  Hill.  W.  of  Bellingham  a  drive 
of  8  m.  may  be  taken  by  Charlton  and 
Greyilead  Boikt  to  Falcone,  beauti- 
fully sitaated  in  wooded  vjley  sur- 
nranded  by  moors,  returning  hyrail  if 
needful ;  a  further  eicuraioa  W.  may 
be  made  to  Kidder  {*0  mia.  by  rail), 
lihence  an  eioursion  may  be 
up  the  valley  tn  a  shooting-Jodge 
the  Cattle  (,Duke  of  Northumberland), 
beautifully  situated  on  a  bill  called 
Humphrey's  Knowe  and  backed  by 
the  moorlands  of  Peel  Fell  -'■  '  - 
preached  by  pictiiresqnfi  biro 
end  of  wbioll  the  Kielder  Bum  falls 
into  the  Tvne.  S.  of  Belllngha 
may  fae  Tinted  Wark  (Jnn,  cloae 
station ,  patronised  by  anglers) — 16  mi 
ty  rail  4  m.  W,  is  the  pioturesqi  . 
Tillage  of  Boteg  Baaer,  on  the  crags 
above  Warks  Bum;  square  camps 
abouud  in  this  neighbourhood.  About 
a  m.  8.E.  of  Wark  U  tbe  beautlM 


iteresting  ChipAaie  CatUe  (H. 
Taylor,  Esq,),  buUt  in  13th  cent,  by 
Peter'  de  Insula.  1  m.  8.W.  of 
Chipchase  is  Nftmnck,  in  beautifully 
wooded  park  on  W.  bank  of  the  Tyne. 
A  little  S-TV.  of  Nvnuidt  is  Bimon- 
fruni.  From  bete  the  tourist  can  pro- 
Deed  to  ChdOfrUm  Stat.,  abont  3  m. ; 
thence  to  Hexham,  the  soeneiy  tbe 
whole  way  highly  picturesque. 

Diiianea. — Morpeth  by  rail,  2}  hia. ; 
Hexham,  50  ni" 

B«" 
BIJ--  .     - 

ployed  in  Uessn.  Struts s  Cotton  MOlt, 
built  m  1776,  the  Roiiery  Mittt  of 
Ward  and  Co.,  and  Brettle  and  Co., 
almost  the  larsMt  lu  the  Mogdom, 
'  ia  nait-m^ong.  John  of  Gannt 
a  benebctor  of  the  town.  The 
itry  to  W.  Is  full  of  beautiful 
lery.  It  is  a  delightful  walk  of 
n.  to  Depth  O'Lumb,  a  romaiktic 
„  L.  Betum  through  Hailewood  to 
Hilford,  a  ramble  of  abont  6  m.  To 
WiTktaoHh,  6  m.,  keeping  along  the 


road  from  Newcastle  to  Otterbum  [lee). 
Jnn.-  Castle.  Beliay  HaU  (Sir  A. 
Monde  Middloton,  tiart.)  is  a  Doric 
mansion.  In  tbe  park  is  the  let^  and 
vary  picturesqae  peel-tower  called  BeU 
my  Cadle.  The  portion  used  as  the 
steward's  roaidonce  is  temp-  Jas.  1. 
The  old  lower,  temp.  Hen.  V.,  is 
very  perfect,  and  tbe  largest  in  Norlh- 
umbeiland. 

Excariiont. — (1)  4  m.  B.  is  8tam- 
fordham,  on  the  green  of  which   is 

fictiiresque  Jlfarl^t  Ilouu,  of  date 
785.  TheCft.D/St.ilfQri/haamonn- 
ment  of  J.  Bwiufanme,  1623;  in  8. 
aisle  is  curious  sculpture  of  the  Criici' 
fliion;  in  chancel  are  preserved  2 
eSlgios  of  Fenwick  family  and  1  of  a 
priest    (2)  3  m.  N.W.  of  Belsay  is  a 

battlementod   peel-tower    called 

Tomer  <W.  Dent  Dent,  Esq.); 

,W.  of  thla,  at  Bolam,  on  site  of 

oaatic,   is  Bohxm   Hoaee 


*0 


BELSAY—BBLVOin  CASTLE. 


nnd  single  one  on  the  E.    The  Ch. 
parily  Norm.    The  "  ShorMat  Poroh  " 
aaa   2  Bepnlchi-al  crosses,  and   half- 
length  effigy   of  knight    ia 
Tbrae  ia  a  oatnp  at  Suckkoe, 

by  70,  and  another  of  Kime _._ 

OU  Slate  Sm.  About  3  m.  N.  of 
Bolam  is  EarOnait  (see  Morpdh). 
(3)  2i  m.  N.W.  of  Belaay  is  Ham- 
ham,  sitaated  on  n  height  At  back 
of  the  preseuc  manEioa  are  consider- 
able  remaiaa  of  the  nacieot  fortresa. 
In  a  garden  benealJi  a  terrace,  cnri- 
omly  adorned  with  two-faoed  Blone 
busts,  is  a  cave,  where  waa  bnried  the 
celebrated  beauty  "  Madam  Katherine 
Babiugton,"  d.  1670 ;  the  spot  com- 
mands a  wide  view.  On  N,  aide  ol 
Hamliain  Moor,  E.  of  a  hill  called 
Humber  Dodd,  are  the  antiquities 
known  as  the  Poind  aiid  las  JIfan, 
cooBiBtiuK  of  a  nide  pillar,  6}  ft.  high, 
and  nearly  5  ft  iqaare  ;  a  lai^  bar- 
row, in  which  a  cotfin  was  foand,  and 
traces  of  a  smaller  barrow.  This  i 
oursion  may  be  continued  about  2 
W.  to  CapheaUm;  returning  1  m.  to 
high  TOM,  are  passed  the  wQd  imd 
picturesque  Shafiot  Cragt,  a  faTonrite 
pic-nic  resort ;  an  isolated  ftrngment  is 
called  The  DeoWi  FumiMxmH,  tmai 
the  singular  basin  on  its  saamit ;  the 
hollow  beneath  is  called  "Bhaftoo 
Hall."  8.  of  the  cr^s,  an  ash  called 
"fA«  Chapel  Tree"  marks  aite  of  an 
ancient  chapel.  A  remarkable  in- 
cised tombstone,  found  here  in  ISSl, 
Is  hnilt  into  wall  of  an  outbuildiiig 
of  the  neighbouring  farmhouse  (East 
Bhafloe).  In  this  neighbourhood  manv 
remarkable  plants  may  be  found. 
lane  1.  from  high  reed,  called  S 
Lane,  leads  J  a.  to  picturesque  village 
of  Caphealoit,  with  pleasant 


burnea.  Capbeaton  lias  valuable  li- 
toaiy,  chiefly  Freneh,  and  is  also  very 
rich  in  topographical  works,  2  m.  W, 
is  BavingUm  Hall  (W.  H.  Shafloe, 
lilsq.),  witli  lake  in  Jront;  hence  the 
return  lo  Belsay  mny  be  made  by 
another  road,  by  Kirkheaton.  At 
6  m,  from  Belsay,  and  2  m.  beyond 
the  tm'iiing  to  Caphealon,  ia  Barle 
Tinner  (T.  Anderson,  Esq.) ;  the  W. 
tower  ia  the  oldest  part  (prim  lo  1542). 
A  batUemented  ISthn^nt.  tower  Laa 
beenaddedouN.E.(lii6G).  Tliehouse 
coQlnins  two  nf  the  Qnest  existing 
apecimens  of  Canalettt ;  on  1.  of  roed 
is  Kirkharle  Park  (T.Anderson,  Esq.). 
The  tiny  CS.  0/  R  Wilfrid  is  of  goo.1 
form  and  proportions,  though  much 
mutilated :  in  cbancel  is  tomb  of 
Hvehard  Lorraine,  d.  17S8.  3  m.  fur- 
ther on  is  beautiful  village  of  Kirk 
Whelpinglon,  on  oliCf  above  river 
WansDook ;  the  tower  is  the  moat 
interesting  part  of  the  Ch.  The  road 
now  gradually  ascends  to,  3  m.  t^her 
on.  Oltereapi  Hill,  a  bleak  moor,  3}  m. 
b^nd  which  ia  passed  Maakridge.  an 
old  hall  of  the  Do  Lisles ;  hence,  it  ia 
about  2  m.  through  the  wild  mora- 
land  district  of  Rcdesdalo  to  Olteiimni, 
(4)  An  excursion  may  aleo  be  made  to 
Morpelk,  II  m.,  passing  at  3  m.  Ogle 


a  lake  of  90  acres  m  the  park.  At 
E.  end  of  village  some  very  curious 
ancient  gates  load  to  Capheiton  HaU 
(Capt.  Sir  I,  Swinburne,  Bt„  E.N.), 
K^ilt  1668.  The  N.  froat  ia  entirely 
modernised.  The  ioterestiag  S.  &ont 
retains  its  ancient  windows,  richly 
omsjnented  cornices  and  sun-dials. 
The  original  doorway  in  centre  [now 
blocked  up)  has  emblematic  figures 
of  the  master  receiving  a  poor  atraiiger. 
On  B,  front  are  the  arms  of  tlie  Swin- 


CatOe. 

Belstone,  see  DaTtmoor. 

Belton,  see  GranOiam. 

Bkltedbbb,  see  Brilh. 

Belvoir  Castle,  pronounced 
"Beever"  (Leices.),  4  m.  8.  of  Bottes- 
fbrd  Slat.,  Midland  Rly.— a  car  can 
be  obtained  at  the  Rutland  Armt, 
Bottestord— is  the  noble  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Rutland,  proudly  situated  on 
a  beautifully  wooded  hill,  overlooking 
a  lai^  expanse  of  countiy.  The  en- 
trance haU  contains  figures  in  armour, 
and  the  s/oiremB  portraits  of  Earls  of 
Butland,  by  KnelUr  ond  Vaadifck.  In 
the  iiwenCe  GnHery  are  tap*  stry  scenes 
from  Don  Quixote;  ahto  portraits  by 
Lely,  and  the  Death  of  Lord  Manners, 
hyStothard.  Inthecliapelisaltar-pieoe 
by  Marillo.  The  Libiary  has  2  por- 
treits  of  Chas.  II,,  by  Vandyck  and 
Vosterman.  The  dramtvi-room  ia  in 
T^uis  Quatarre  style,  and  hss  painted 
ceiling  and  it  aeries  of  ntinisturea  in 


BERKELEY— BER  WICK-ON-TWEED. 


41 


oomportmentB.  Diaing^oom :  see 
marble  table  and  white  cloth,  by  Wyatt. 
Ficlure  GaUery:  Obeerve  eepeciaUj 
the  7  Sacraments,  JV.  Poussin.  Pieeenta- 
tioa,  JHuWHo.  The  PcoverbB,  by  Tenien. 
Ciucifilion,  Vandydc.  Shepherd  ond 
Shepherdess,  £uJi«iu.  See  the  magiiifi- 
cent  i>ieic  from  these  roome,  mcluding 
Uncoln  Cathedral  and  Nottingham 
Caatte.  The  keep  of  Bekoir  is  colled 
tie  Btouuton  Towor.    In  the  grc 

IB  the  JKatMoJeutn  (apcciat  permi 

required),  with  beaiitiM  otflgy  of  tlie 
late  Buchess  of  Hutland.  Part  of  the 
site  of  the  Priory  is  oraupied  by  a 
ooinibrtablo  little  Jnn. 

Behbbidoe,  aee  Wight,  lele  of. 

BBHElcroH,  see  SaliAwy, 

Bengbo,  Bee  Herl/ord. 

Ben  liKTDDiso,  Bee  IVdey. 

Benthali,  Edge,  see  Bro»^ey. 

Bkbesfobd  Dale,  aee  Donedale. 

BcBOHOLT,  East,  see  Mauniiiglree. 

Berkeley  (Gloureat.).  2i  m. 
W.  of  HerkeW  Bond  Stat.,  Midland 
Ely.      Jnn;    Berkelej    Arms.      ""' 
Caitle  (Lord  Fitzhardinge)  ia  on 

the  few  baroDJal  fortiQsses  still 
luituted.  Shown  on  TueBdnya  aotl 
Fridays  betireen  12  and  4,  except 
the  private  apartmentfi.  Here  King 
Edward  II.  waa  murdered,  1327.  It  is 
an  irregidar  building,  nearly  circular, 
with  a  moat.  The  keep,  erected  1093, 
had  additions  (o  it  in  the  12th  and 
14th  centa.  The  warder's  walk  at  the 
lop  ia  perfect.  The  dungeon  in  which 
Edwarf  II.  was  murdered,  ia  over  a 
gatehoDse  leading  into  the  Keep.  A 
tan  lover  contains  the  onbtielte  into 
which  prisoners  were  let  down  &om 
above.  The  MI  has  alargeobimnej- 
pIsM  (Edw.  III.).  There  nre  many 
family  and  other  portraits  by  Lely, 
Janten,  &e.  The  Chapel  le  thoroutrhly 
medireval,  with  a  sacmrium  of  2 
BloreyB.  The  W.  part  is  divided  by  a 
floor  into  2  chambers,  each  with  a 
firephtce  and  aeporate  enlrances,  the 
lower  from  the  hall  for  retainers,  the 
upper  or  oriel,  from  the  dining-room, 
fur  familj  and  guests.  The  CIi.  (re- 
stored by  Scott)  is  good  K  E.  with 
detached  tower.  JfonuntenCi :  (a)  be- 
tween nave  and  8.  aisle,  alabaster 
effigiw  of  Lord  E.  and  wife,  1 4lh  cent,; 


(b>  in  S.  atale,  their  children.  S.  of 
the  cliancol  is  an  elaborate  bnrinl 
chapel  (Hen.  VI.),  cmbeUiahed  with 
the  arms  and  epigrams  of  the  B. 
family.  A  beaiitifdly  carved  stone 
screen   separates    the    chancel    and 

Bebbibw,  see  WeUhpool. 

Bbbhthabbob,  sea  Lynioa. 

Bbbbi  Pomkbot,  see  Torquay  and 

Tofnei. 
Benvlck  -  on  -  Tweed 

(Nortbumb.).  By  rail  from  Ahiwiek, 
li  hr.  Inns:  "King's  Arms:  'Eed 
Lion.  The  station  occupies  courtyard 
of  the  ancient  castle.  On  N,,  in  a 
green  field  away  from  the  town,  are 
ruins  of  Lord  Soulis' Tower,  and  a  fine 
peutagonsl  building  called  the  Bell 
Tower,  from  thealarm-bell  being  hung 
in  it  There  is  a  fine  view  over  the 
Tweed  to  Holy  Island  and  Bamboroogh 
Castle;  a  pleasant  walk  is  affurded 
by  the  ancient  ramparts  (temp,  Eliza- 
beth). The  at.  of  Holy  Triaity,  of 
debased  Gothic,  built  lG5:i,  waa  re- 
stored, and  chancel  added  in  1S55  ;  it 
baa  stained  glass  windows,  by  Wailei. 
The  pulpit  in  thU  Cb.  ia  said  to  be 
the  identical  one  from  which  John 
Knoi  preached.  Close  by  is  the  hand- 
some Oothio  Frethylerian  Ch. 

20  min.  walk  on  the  N,  rooil  is 
Baiidoii  HiU.  the  aceno  of  Edw.  Ill.'a 
engagement,  1333.  Connected  with 
Berwick  by  a  bridge,  and  the  Cdoaal 
railway  Viadwt  over  the  Tweed,  2160 
ft  long,  is  the  suburb  of  Tvxedm<nilk, 
1  m.E.ofwliich  is  the  bathing  place  of 
SpitiaL  This  rly.  viaduct  (the  "  Boyal 
Border  Bridge  ")  was  opened  by  Queen 
Victoria  in  1650.  It  has  28  arches, 
each  61}  ft.  in  span,  and  is  129  ft 
high  in  the  centre.  Its  cost  waa 
207.0001. 

Excartiotie.—IXi  Holy  Iilarid,  9  m., 
may  be  reached  by  the  sands  at  low 
water  (see  Bamboroiigh).  (2)  To 
Xorham  (20  min.  by  r^l).  The 
CaiUe,  diiting  fmm  1121,  was  restored 
by  Bp.  Pu<&y,  who  built  the  great 
tower  in  1154  ;  Ittlle  now  remains  but 
the  (ireat  keep  lower,  70  ft  higli,  and 
the  double  ga^way  which  led  to  the 
bridge  orer  meat  In  the  village  the 
Ch.  of  St.  Ctithbert,  modemisetl  1(152, 


BBTTW8-  Y-COED. 


18  Norm.,  but  the  E.  end,  which  has 
figure  of  a  knight,  is  E.  Beo.  It  has 
massive  towor,  with  Norm,  zigiag 
arches ;  tho  nave  has  Norm.  BWiide  of 
5  baya;  the  stained  gloss  is  by  BaX- 
lantine.  A  pleasaut  walii  may  be 
taken  by  the  river-side,  on  opposite 
banks  of  whicb  ate  tlie  woods  of 
Lady-kirk.  2  m.  (by  rail)  8,  of 
Norham,  on  E.  bank  of  tbe  TUl,  are 
the  gaunt  ruins  of  TWxel  Cattie, 
beg^in  1770,  and  never  flnished;  from 
the  terminals  seen  another  (inhabited) 
cofltlo  (M™.  S.  Blake).  In  the  hoi. 
low  is  the  picturesque  16tli-cenl. 
Ttouel  Bridge,  leading  to  Ftodden  (see 
WooleT),  a  tittle  below  which  is 
St.  SeUn'e  Well,  a  petrifyinR  spring. 
A  little  N.W.  of  Twizel  is  Titlmoutk, 
with  tlie  inaigniflcant  ruins  of  St, 
Culhheree  Cliapel.  About  i  ra.  N.W. 
is  tlio  square  enoompment  called  Holy 
Ckestert.  Tlie  antiquariun  should 
visit  the  old  castle  of  Edringloa,  SJ  m. 
from  Berwick. 

BsTHEaDA,  uee  Bangor. 

Bettws  Csdkwws,  sea  Mtmigoiaary. 

BettwH-v-Coed  (Caernar- 
von.}, Stat..  L.  k  N.  W.  Rly.,  40  mm. 
by  rail  from  Conway  or  Llandudno 
June.  Innt :  *Koyal  Oak ;  Waterloo ; 
Gwider  H.  A  favourite  station  for  the 
artist  and  angler,  and  an  admirable 
centre  whence  to  esploro  the  K.  side 
of  Bnowdon  and  valleys  of  the  Lledi 
and  MHclmo.  For  hints  as  to  fishing, 
and  fbr  tickets  (7s.  6d.  a  day,  or  30e. 
a  week),  apply  to  landlord  of  Eagle 
Hotel,  Laitnnst. 

ExcuTsion*. — (a)  Up  the  valley  of  the 
Lledr,  Dolwyddelan,  &c.  Ely.  in  pro- 
gress to  Pfeatiniog,  through  a  long 
tunnel.  The  tourist  must  take  the 
road  on  opposite  side  of  the  stream  to 
the  Pentrevoelaa  road,  as  far  as  junc- 
tion of  the  Lledr  wilhtheConway,  2m.  | 
hence  it  is  4^  m.  of  wild  and  lovely 
valley,  with  grand  view  of  Moel  Siabod, 
to  IMtitydMan  (atat.),  a  village  of 
elate  quarrietB  (/nn ;  Elen'a  Castle), 
whence  there  is  an  easy  N.W.  ascent 
io  Mool  Siabod.  1  m.  beyond  the 
village  ate  remains  of  Doiwyddelan 
Ca»tle,  a  solitary  tower  on  a  ste^p 
overhanging  the  pass.  At  the  village 
tlio  valley  of  the  Llcdi  is  crossed  by 


the  Roman  road  of  5am  Bden,  wliich 
may  be  plainly  traced  ascending  Podb- 
mnaen  and  crossing  the  hills  to  S. 
From  Dolwyddelan  the  pedestrian,  by 
help  of  luap  and  compass,  may  proceed 
'  '  }  Nant  Gwynant,  and  thence  to 
Igelert.  12  m.;  (b)  to  the  slate 
quarlies  of  Ffeetiniog,  5  m.,  ooach 
twice  daily,  until  rly.  is  open ;  (o) 
under  E.  escarpment  of  Moel  Siabod 
to  Capel  Caria,  S  m. ;  (b)  one  of  the 
pleasuntest  walks,  of  about  2  hn.,  is  to 
Capel  Cramion,  a  bill  top  commaading 
one  of  the  best  views  of  the  Snow- 
donian  range.  Crossing  the  Waterloo 
Bridge  on  the  road  to  Corwen,  a  sCile 
and  narrow  path  between  2  walls 
leads  up  the  hill  by  a  well  marked 
path,  (e)  By  keeping  the  tower  road 
after  crossing  the  Waterloo  Bridge 
you  may  reach,  1  m.  S.,  a  deep 
ravine  called  Fort  Noddyn,  tbtougb 
which  the  Conway  runs,  (d)  As- 
oeuding  tlie  Corwen  mad  from  the 
Waterloo  Bridge,  I)  m.  further  on,  at 
junction  of  the  Fifestiniiw  road,  a 
footpath  leads  through  field  on  the  rt. 
to  tAe  Fali»  nf  the  Cimteay.  A  small 
fee  is  charged  for  admiasiou.  From  a 
rock  above  the  ftdia  is  good  Tiev  of 
the  wonderful  ravine  of  the  Con- 
way, and  the  junction  of  tlie  two 
streams ;  the  tourist  should  then  re- 
turn to  the  rood  by  the  bridge,  and 
walk  down  the  Conway,  to  a  point 
right  opposite  that  above  tbo  falls,  for 
a  noble  view  of  headlands  and  hilla. 
From  this  point  tbe  ravine  of  tlie 
Machno  may  be  followed  to  the  falls 
of  that  stream,  of  which  the  best  vievr 
is  from  gardens  of  Fandy  Mill.  There 
ate  stepping-stones  above  tbe  river,  a 
little  way  above  tbe  fiklls.  The  rood 
from  Fandy  Mill  to  tbe  Lledr  Bridge 
affbrda  many  oppartunilies  of  getting 
down  to  brink  of  the  ravine,  where 
striking  views  of  cascade,  ni[Hd,  and 
hill  will  repay  the  eiploror,  From 
the  Conway  Falls  the  tourist  may 
proceed  — 4i  m.  S.E.,  to  Pentrevoelat ; 
thence  to  Coneiit.  20  m.  frran  Bettwa; 
or— 2{  m.  S.,  by  banks  of  the  Hoohno, 
to  Fenmaelma,  a  good  fishing  statioa 
for  Llyn  Conway,  about  4  m.  to  the  S. 
(e)  2i  m,  from  Bettws  y-Coed,  foUow- 
ing    tlie    Capel   Cnrig   road,  is  tliu 


BEVEELET. 


pictoresquo  Rhaiadr  Wetu^  water- 
fiiil  (tee  Capel  Cur^  and  Llanrwel). 
</)  To  Ltaitnimt,  i  m.  by  road,  or 
10  miD.  by  mil. 

Beverley  (Yorks.),  Stat.,  N.  E. 
Kly.  Inni :  'Beverlev  Anna ;  Holder- 
DOBB,  This  is  an  old-fRahioned  (own 
of  couEidetable  antiquity,  g  m.  horn 
Sidi,  and  ij  lir.  by  rail  from  York, 
Ensland  does  not  possesa  a  mure  beau- 
tiful Gothic  CI.  than  Beverley  Miatter 
(restored  by  Saitl).  The  whole  build- 
ing eastward  of  the  nave  (with  oue 
or  two  excepttonj)  is  E.  E.,  duting 
from  the  flnt  half  of  the  13th  coot. 
The  nitTe  ia  late  Deo.,  and  dates 
from  about  the  year  1350.  The  K. 
porch  and  great  W.  &ont  are  Perp. 
of  later  date.  The  eastern  portion  of 
the  Cb-  aboold  be  flret  visited,  since 
it  is  the  eorlieat  in  date,  and  its 
general  design  haa  been  followed  in 
the  nave. 

The  choir-Bcreeo  is  of  good  modem 
work.  Within  the  Choir,  the  yisilor 
should  remark  the  singular  piera  at 
the  interseotioD  of  the  lesaeror  eastern 
transi^pt,  which  differ  in  design  Iron 
those  of  every  other  part  of  building. 
Tlie  nialU  of  the  choir  deserve  careful 
attention.  The  loner  portion,  with 
the  misererea,  aro  probably  earlier 
than   the  superb  maaa  of  tabernacle 

Filling  the  arch  between  Uie  choir 
and  the  N.E.  transept  is  the  famous 
Fereg  Stirine,  oue  of  the  most  beeuti- 
fid  compoeitiDnB  of  the  Dec.  period 
renuduing  in  Eu^and,  and  (although 
the  monumental  ^gy  has  disappeared) 
wonderfidly  perfect  lu  all  its  details. 

The  Lady  Chapel  prpjecta  eastward 

beyond  the  eastern  tra '"  -~'  '*" 

bcau^  of   its    E.-E. 
spedal  notice. 

On  the  exterior  the  fino 
tion  of  the  N.  and  S.  IVouts  of  the 
^at  transept  should  be  observed. 
The  great  features,  hoitever,  are  the 
North  Porch,  and  the  W.  frontwith 
its  lowers.  Both  of  these  a 
^e  North  Porch,  which  ia  e  . 
^racefbl,  rises  higher  than  th'e  aisle, 
the  upper  part  forming  a  parviee.  The 
Wett  Front  is  a  fine  example  of  a 
Perp.  composition.     From  toi 


of  the  towers  there  is  a  mag- 
niflcent  view  over  the  rich  level 
district  through  which  the  Uoll  river 
"jws. 

St.  Mari^i  Church  (opposite  tlio 
Beverley  Arms")  is  a  magnificent 
structure  (restored  by  Scott).  It  is 
cruciform,  with  a  central  tower,  and 
is  Dec.  (chancel,  arches,  and  aisles) 
and  Perp.  (nave  and  tower),  although 
it  retains  some  portions  of  earlier 
character.  Notice  on  pillur  near  pulpit 
figures  of  minstrels;  also  font  (date 
1530).  On  the  exterior  remark  the 
West  Front,  dating  late  lu  the  reign 
of  Edw.  III.,  and  a  very  fine  exumue 
of  transition  from  Deo.  to  Perp,  The 
window  is  true  Perp,  with  a  parapet 
above  it  The  central  tower  is  mas- 
sive Ferp.  with  a  panelled  parapet, 
and  numerous  small  pinnacles. 

The  rich  and  remarkable  sculpture 
throughout  this  ch.  calls  for  L'special 
notice,  and  should  be  compared  with 
that  of  the  Minster. 

Of  the  ancient  gateways.  North  liar 
alone  remains,  and  is  perhaps  l«mp. 
Edw.  III. 

The  visitor  who  has  time  Kliould 
pass  out  of  Ucverlcy  by  this  gate,  re- 
marking, in  the  road  beyond  it,  1,  the 
Eait  Elding  Se»tion»  Bouae  and  House 
of  Corrertion,  built  1805-9 ;  and  the 
Eait  York  Militia  Depot,  a  castellated, 
white  brick  building.  Turning  I., 
beyond  the  Vnian  WorkhoiiK,  is  a 
common  pasture  of  504  acres  called 
Wediimod,  given  to  the  town  by  Abp. 
XevUle  ill  1380.  A  [K>rtion  of  it, 
called  Burton  Bushes,  is  vexj  plea- 
sant ;  and  tbero  are  fine  vicwa  of 
Beverley  and  the  Minster. 

2|  m.  N.  of  Beverley  ia  the  rate  of 
LeiMnfield  Caitie.  a  residence  of  tbo 
Percys,  of  which  the  moat  alone  re- 
mains. The  castle  gives  a  tiUe  to 
Col.  Wyndham,  Lord  Leconfleld,  of 
Petworm  in  Sussex,  one  of  the  r«)re- 
sentatives  of  the  Percys.  The  vilhge 
is  very  picturesque. 

Some  interesting  churches,  especi- 
ally the  new  ch.  of  Dalton  Holme,  and 
those  of  Bayntaa  and  Kirldmme,  may 
be  visited  iu  a  drive  on  the  old  high 
road  to  Ualton.  The  uoble  Ch.  of 
Dalton  Holme  (completed  18G1)  was 


41 

erected  at  a  coat  of  26,00DL,  eotirelf 
defrayed  by  the  late  Lord  Hotham. 
The  beautiful  tovei  and  spire,  toge- 
ther 200  ft.  high,  are  very  atiiking. 

Bewdler  (Wore.),  Slat.  Sev. 
Vnil.  Ely.  June,  with  Tenbuiy  Br.  Gt. 
W.  Kly.  (Inn-  George),  ia  an  import- 
ant  town  on  the  Severn,  with  beunli- 
ful  Bceae:^  ia  the  vicinity,  nnd  the 
Forest  of  Wyre.  The  rare  British 
iDOtli  Strauitui  fagi  is  found  in  this 

BicKLEV.  see  Chiitehant. 

BrcTOH,  see  Sidiaoaih. 

BiDDENHAU,  Bce  Bedjord. 

BiDDESTON,  see  CnrAam. 

Bldeford  (Devon.),  StaL  9  m. 
fVom  Barnstaple  ;  iS\  m.  from  Exeler. 
Jnru .-  New  Inn ;  Tantoa's  family 
Hotel ;  Commercial  Inn.  Stesmers 
run  during  the  summer  to  llfrocomlio 
nod  occasionally  to  Lundy  Island ;  also 
to  Bristol,  throughout  the  year,  calling 
at  Ilfracombe.  The  town  is  prettily 
placed  on  a  hillside  shelving  to  the 
river  Torridge,  and  has  been  well  de- 
scribed in 'Westward  Ho.'  Thebridge, 
677  ft.  in  length,  and  the  Qaag  ad- 


breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  com- 
mands a  fine  view  of  the  town.  Plea- 
sant walks  may  be  taken  to  Orleioh 
Court,  5  m.,  where  there  is  a  remark- 
able outlyingpatoh  of  grocnsand;  and 
along  the  lank  of  tlie  river  to  JTeor 
(7i^DriI,4m.,  where  there  are  an  aucieut 
(15th  cent.)  bouse  (Earl  Forteecue's) 
and  interesting  Ch.  1^  m.  beyond  is 
Toniaglon  (see).  The  small  but  ris- 
ing watering-place  of  Iiiefom  Quay 
(Stat.),  2J  m.S.,  ia  situated  at  junc- 
tion of  the  Taw  and  Torridge,  where 
good  boating  and  sea-&hing  may  be 
had.  There  is  a  ferry  to  ApfMore, 
whence  it  is  2i  m.  walk  across  Noitli- 
am  Burrows  to  Weitviard  Ho,  which 
may  be  also  reached  by  omnibus,  3  m., 
from  Bidcfiird.  ■  The  advantages  of 
Wealward  Ho  ate  quiet,  a  singularly 
pure  and  bracing  nir,  a  long  reach  of 
sands,  and  facilities  for  visiting  some 
of  the  most  beandful  coast  scenery  iu 
N.  Devon.  On  the  Northam  Burrows 
ia  the  pta^ing-grotind  of  cue  of  the 


BEWDLKY—BIDEFOSD. 


best  golf-links  in  the  kingdom,  and 
the  visitor  may  also  enjoy  capital 
bathing,  fishing,  and  rabbit  shooting. 
Besides  the  Westward  Ho  Hotel, 
which  is  comfortable  and  weU-mnD- 
nged,  tliere  are  the  Pebble  Ridge 
Hotel,  at  N.  end  of  village ;  a  large 
boarding  house  called  f&e  villa  (ia 
connection  with  the  Westward  Ho 
Hot«l);  and  numerous  lodging-houses. 
From  here  tlie  pedestrian  may  cross 
from  Appledore  to  Braunton,  and 
tlionce  proceed  (S  m.)  along  the  coast 
by  Morte  Buy  to  U/Taeombe;  or  if  his 
object  be  to  gain  the  N.  coast  of  Corn- 
wall, he  nmy  proceed  by  Clovelly  to 
Hartland  (i  m.),  aud  theiloe  by  way 
of  Morwcnstiiw  (where  there  is  a 
splendid  old  chureh)  and  Bude.  Tho 
distance  to  CloveUij  from  Bideford  is 
11  m.  W.  On  the  road  to  it  ia  psased, 
4  m.,  the  highly  picturesque  Ch.  of 
AliBtaglon,  with  a  fine  Perp.  tower ; 

3  m.  beyond,  on  rt,  Baekish  Mill,  n 
fishing  vJlage,  and  1^  in.  turn  into 
the  Hobby  (carriage  la.,  pedestrhiii 
Gd.),  which  continues  3}  m.  to  the 
romantic  village  of  Chvelly.  (Jim: 
Now  Inn.)  Having  eiplored  this,  the 
stranger  should  next  proceed  to  Clo- 
velly Court  (Lady  Mary  Williams); 
charge  for  admission  Sd.  each  perscoi. 
Clovelly  is  the  nearest  port  to  Lundy 
Idaad,   13  m.    distant.    During    the 

~  Tier   small    steamers  ocosionolly 

fiom  Bideford  to  Lundy,  calling 

at  Clovelly.    The  island  is  about  3| 

long  and  very  irregular  in  breadtli, 

imging    about  i  m.    The    visitor 

sbonld  by  all  means  ascend  the  tower 

of  the  Ughthoute,  in  tho  centre  of  the 

island,  which  commands  a  fine  view. 

4  m,  from  Clovelly,  W.,  is  Hardand 
Town  (iiiB;  Kings  Arms),  a  retired 
place  about  2  m.  ftnm  the  sea,  at  tho 
head  of  wooded  vale  of  HarBaad 
AUkhj  (SirlG.  Stnoley,  Bart).  The 
CTi.,  caUed  the  Ch.  of  Sbthe-Nectan,  ia 

exceedingly  interesting  building. 

■   ' (ill   ft.),    screen,  pulpit, 

a.e  old  monuments,  doserre 
>ecial  notice.  From  the  Ch.  walk  to 
'aTliand  Quay  and  descend  upon  the 
rocks  beyond. 

BiBSTON,  seo  Birkenltead. 
BiflRi^RV,  see  KingilT.dge. 


font,  nnd  s( 


SIOGLESWADE—BIBMINGHAX. 


43 


Ot. 

Swao.     This  tovm  U  dtoated 

river  Ivel,  aod  is  the  lai^est 

county  except  Bedford.  The  Ch.  at 
Jrlegeg  (Arlescj  £  Shefibrd  Roiul  Sta- 
tion), 10  min.  by  mi,  ia  of  much  in- 
teresL  It  la  Doc.  (navo  and  aisles) 
with  a  Tadoi  chapel  added  to  the  end 
of  the  S.  alBle,  and  portions  of  E.  E. 
work  in  the  chi^cel.  The  raofe  Eire 
original  and  good.  The  octagonal 
font  bus  iiicliBd  at  the  aides  of  the 
basin  containing  temiukable  flgnres. 
Round  the  stem  are  figores  of  priests. 
The  whole  is  mnob  mntilated. 

BiGHTON,  sec  Winehetter. 

BiCNon,  see  ChUhetUt 


Stat.  G.  E.  Rly.  A  small  market 
In  tho  pariah  of  Great  Borstead,  situ- 
ated on  an  eminence,  commanding  fine 
views  of  the  Thames  and  over  the 
Kentish  hills. 

o  m.  S.  are  the  Lan°don  Hills,  CMn- 
manding  a  beautiful  Tiew  of  the 
Thaiuos  and  of  tho  Medvay. 

BllJ,E8D0N,  see  MeUon  Mouibray. 
BiLLixaBAM,  see  BUxMoa-oti'Tete. 
Hitmos  Abbey,  see  Wareham. 
BiNFlELD,  ace  Ateot. 
Slng-taum  rNotts.)— Stat.  Gt. 
N.Ely.   Inn:  ChesUtfield  Anns— has 
a  fine  cruciform  Ch.  of  E.  E.  and  Bee. 
dates,  with  beautiful  carving  on  the 
capitals  of  the  N.  aisle.    Monuments 
to  B.  de  Biogbam  (temp.  Bich.  11,). 
The  Rt  Hon.  Robert  Lowe  was  bora  at 
the  recstory.    Abp.  Cranmer  was  boro 
at,  and  tta  some  years  held  the  hviug 
of,  AAoekbm,  2  m.  E. 
BiNruu  Abhet,  see  WdU  (Norfolk). 
BiHSBT,  see  Oxford  (Bio,) 
BisarBAD,  see  WiqU,  Iile  of. 
BmcHniOTO?!,  see  MargaU. 
BiKDLiF,  sec  Gtoaeetter, 
Blrkenhend  (Cbcsbire\  idl 
m.  from  Enston-square,  L.   &  N.  W. 
Kly.,  and  15  m,  by  rail  from  Chester. 
EEsectially  a  place  of  modem  growUi. 
It  is  situated  on  the  Cheahira  side  of 
the  Mersey,  under  which  a  tunnel  (1  m. 
long)  is  in  progress.    The  Terminua  ia 
reached  at  JtfonVjt  Ferry,  wbero  a  rail- 
way boat  ciowea  to  St  Qeoige's  Pier 


(Liverpool)on  the  arrival  of  each  tnun. 
Those  who  vfisb  to  see  tbe  docks  and 
town  should  proceed  to  Gough'i  Hotel 
(good),  immediately  fronting  IfDoif- 
ride  Ferry,  a  very  short  distcutce  to  1. 
of  Monk's  Perry,  whence  there  is  a 
continual  stream  of  pesseDgera  eiossing 
tho  river;  steamers  every  ten  minutes. 
Tlie  Docki,  opened  in  1847,  through 
the  enteiprise  of  tbe  late  Mr.  Iaim, 
cover  a  total  area  of  about  497  acres. 
The  principal  are  WiUliuei/  Pool,  or 
Great  Float,  and,  connected  with  it, 
the  Eatlera  Float.  The  Park  lies 
to  N.W,  of  the  town,  and  is  bran- 
tifally  laid  out  from  designs  by  the  late 
Sir  Josepli  Faxton.  The  numeroDS 
trains  afford  a  cheap  and  convenient 
means  of  reaching  the  park ;  Oxlon, 
H  m. ;  Claughton,  where  is  Si,  Aldan's 
Cotlegp,  a  hnndsome  Tudor  building ; 
ond  suburbs  generally.  At  Bidilon 
Hill,  3i  m.  W.,  is  the  Liverpool  Ob- 
servatory. From  the  Lighthotue  a 
■  iw  mair  ba  obtained. 


ipher  Tailpole,  and  the  Ring 
Inn  is  still  in  existence.  l}m. 
on  tbe  sea-coast  is  the  curious  structure 
of  Leaeoires  Cattle  (Gon.  Sir  Ed. 
Gust),  nnd  some  3}  m.  furtlier  on,  and 
8  ni.  from  Birkenbeod,  is  HoyliJie 
(Stat.),  a  lavonrito  sea-side  nsidence 
of  Liverpool  merchants,  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dee.  (Hotel:  Royal.) 
Between  Wallasey  Pool  and  Nea 
Brighton,  5  m.,  are  rows  of  pretty 
villas.  After  leaving  tbe  swiug  bridge 
near  the  Eastern  Float  is  Seaernabe, 
whence  tliero  is  a  steam  feny  every 
}  hr.  to  Prince's  landing^  st^ie.  Nem 
Brighton  is  a  very  fiivourito  watering- 

Cx  (Hoffl :  Victoria),  and  commands 
utifnl  views  of  the  Channel,  Welsh 
mountains,  and  the  mouth  of  the  busy 
Mersey.  Steamers  run  every  i  hr.  to 
Liverpool,  6  m. 

BiBELAND,  see  Ollerton. 

nirmlii^ham  (Warwick.). 
Tbeflne  railway  station  in  Stephenson- 
ploee  {called  "  New-street  Station  ')  is 
for  the  acoammodation  of  tbe  traffic  of 
the  L.  &  N.  W.  and  Midi.  Rly.  Cos. 
Tbe  prinoipal  lines  of  tbe  former  are 
to  Loudon  via  Coventry  and  Rugby  i 
to  the  North  OM  Btafiord,  Orowe,  &c : 


4G 


mUMmGHAM. 


h)  Dudley  and  WoIvcrlinmploD :  also 
(SoDtb  Btaffd.  Rlv.)  to  Walsall,  Lich- 
field, BurtoD,  and  Derby.  The  Midi. 
Bly.  trains  run  to  London  via  Lei- 
cester, Ac, ;  to  Derty,  Slieffiold,  &c. : 
to  Worceator,  Gloucester,  Bath,  and 
Briatol ;  also  to  Weymouth  and  Boumo- 
iQoutli  (Somerset  and  Dorset  lioe). 
LaTatories  have  beau  erected  at 
each  end  of  tlie  up  platform,  with 
attendance,  &o.  There  is  also  a  very 
jtood  refreshment-room  served  hy  the 
Queen's  Hotel,  wliicli  adjoins. 

Tha  Gt.  W.  Ely.  Stat,  is  at  Snow 
Hill,  a  little  N.  of  the  Central  Stat. 
Trains  to  Ijondon  via  Warwick,  Leam- 
ington, and  Oxford.  Also  commu- 
nicatioa  nith  Worcester,  Halvern, 
Hereford,  and  S.  Wales,  It  ia  B  very 
comfortablo  and  convenient  stalion, 
with  lavatories,  &c.,  and  a  Urge  Hotel 
adjoining.  The  sborlest  and  quickest 
roato  from  Londnn  is  by  L.  k  N.W. 
Rly.  from  Euston-Br(uare,  !I3  m.,  in 
aboutShra.  Inm:  **Qiie(<n'a, Stephen- 
9on-plttCf,  (uijoining  New-street  Slat. ; 
"Great  Western,  8ao«-hill:  Mid- 
land, New-street ;  Hen  and  Chickens, 
New-fltreet;  Plough  and  HurioiT,  a 
favourite  hotel  at  Edebuaton,  11  m, 
from  Stephenson-plttce.  Birmingham  is 
the  capital  tuna  of  the  Midland 
Counties,  and  the  seat  of  the  hard- 
ware, gloss,  gun,  steel-pen,  and  silver 
plate  manutuclures.  A  vUit  to  the 
principal  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, and  excursions  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  town,  are  the  sole 
attractions  for  the  tourist.  The  Toicn 
Eall,  at  (he  top  of  New-street^  is  i 
very  hanilsome  building  in  the  styl( 
of  a  Grecian  temple.  In  it  is  held  the 
celebmted  Triennial  Musical  Festival, 
A  performance  on  tlie  loaeni&cent 
or^n  (cost  between  SOOOI.  and  400UI.) 
which  it  contains  may  be  heard  on 
Hny  Thursday  between  1  and  2  f.m. 
The  Hall  is  open  to  visitors  ^free) 
any  day  except  Sunday.  In  it  is 
a  fiue  marble  bust  of  Mendela- 
aobn.  Opposite,  in  New-street,  is  the 
Gcnetal  Post  Office.  The  pariah  Ch. 
of  St.  Martin's  (rebuilt  at  a  cost  of 
36,000!.),  in  Bull  King,  S.  of  Central 
Stat.,  is  now  one  of  the  finest  parish 
churches  in  the  kingdom.      It  con- 


tains some  encicnl  monuments  (IStli 

cent.)  of  the  de  Birminghams,  and  a 
very  interesting  recumbent  effigy  of  an 
ecclesiastic,  on  an  alabaster  altar-tomb- 
St.  Philip's  (re-decorated),  situated  be- 
tween New-street  and  Suow-hill  Stats., 
is  a  fair  eiampls  of  tha  timo  of  Queen 
Anne.  The  Sinniiigham  mid  Midland 
Jtutifub  adjoins  the  Town  Hall,  and 
contains  a  School  of  Science  and  Art, 
Museum,  and  Free  Library. 

Mantifaetoriet. — These  are  numor- 
ouB  and  varied,  and  moat  of  them  may 
be  visited  with  an  introdnction  from 
any  respectable  hotel.  Those  best 
worth  visiting  are:  (o)  EUetroj^ate, 
BIkington  &  Co.,  Newhall-street.  (6) 
Glati  (chandeliers  and  table-glasB), 
Osier,  Broad-street,  (c)  Mefal-mtrts, 
WinSeld  &  Co.,  Cambridge-street,  (d) 
Papier-mdoh^,  HcCallum  &  Hodgaoa, 
Summer-row.  (e)  Ecdetiaitiail  laetal- 
icork,  Hardman,  Newhall-hitl.  At  all 
thtse  the  show-roomi  are  alwavs  open. 
(/)  Steel-peitt,  J.  Gillott,  (Jrahom- 
street,  generally  open.  At  a  short  dis- 
tance are:  Sleiirt,  Chance' I  Glati-vrorlce 

(plate-glass,  lighthouses,  Ac),  Spon- 
lane  (a  station  on  N.W.  line  to  Wolver- 
hampton). Small-armt  FacioTg,  Small- 
heath  (station  on  Gt  W.  BIy.  to 
London).  Every  port  of  the  pwoeBS 
of  gan-making  may  be  seen  here — 
from  the  rough  shaping  of  the  stocks 
to  the  beautiful  finish  of  the  barrels. 
MeiTOpolitan _  Carrlage-aorlcs,  Saltley. 
In  order  tn  visit  these  establishments, 
time  must  be  allowed  to  obtain  order 
from  respective  directors. 

Excursion*. —  (a)  Aitoa  Soil  and 
Parfc2Jni.N.  J»jM,- Queen's  Hotel; 
HoItHotel.  TakeomnibusftomHigli- 
street,  or  train  from  New-street  Stat., 
to  Aston  June.  The  Hidl,  a  fino 
example  of  later  Elizabethan  styl^ 
was  buUt,  in  1635,  by  Sir  Thoa.  Holt, 
who  entertained  Cllas.  1.  here  for  two 
nighlsheforethebettleofEdgeHill.  It 
is  now  converted  into  a  pulilic  museum 
and,  together  with  the  grounds  adjoin- 
ing, was  opened  by  the  Queen  in  person 
for  the  benefit  of  the  town  in  185S. 
(6)  To  Edgbaston,  the  "West  End" 
of  BiimingDoni.  In  the  Park  are  the 
Church  and  Hall.  A4ioiniDg  is  Tillage 
of  Harbome,     The  Churdt  has  late 


BISHOP  AUCKLAND. 


47 


Peril. 


ivier,  uiiil  ILu  ch.-yard  com- 
i  yery  fine  view  of  the  Clent 
Mills,4c  Ic)  To  Sidton Park,  7 la.S. 
Tate  train  at  New-Btreot  Stat,  to  SaUon 
GMfieli.  Close  to  that  atatioa  ia  a 
large  hotel.  From  the  Park,  a  plewuuit 
walk  of  about  S  m.  may  bo  taken  to 
Lichfield,  paaaiug  Shenatone.  (d)  To 
D*^,  8i  m.  N.W. 

i>i»tance»(bjr«il).— TTartncfc  Cai6e, 
3  hr.;  S(o/ord,  1  hr.;  Deriy.  IJ  hi.; 
Coventrj,  ihr, ;  KenilvaorthividGovea- 
tryX  ^iwit  1  hr. ;  4^tratfotd-oD- Avon, 
about  Ij  hr. ;  Wdverhamptou,  \  hr. 

BisBAM,  see  TAamet. 

JIlHhop  Auckland  (Di 
ham).    Rlv.  Stat,  nearly  equidistant 
(35  min.)  from  Durham  asd  Dwling- 
ton.     Sotel:  •Talbot 

The  Wear  is  here  crossed  by  Newton 
Cap  Biidee,  built  by  Bp.  SkiiUw, 
1388,  on  ute  of  former  bndge,  of  one 
arch,  supposed  to  have  been  Itoman. 

In  the  market-plaoe  is  new  Gothic 
Chapel  from  doagns  of  Saltin.  On  E. 
of  market-place  is  approaoh  to  AwJi- 
}tt»d  Cattle,  one  of  ttie  manorial  rcsi- 


the  Gaunleas.  Tbo  park 
froni  the  town  by  an  uclyGotliic  gate- 
house (1760)  ;  the  chapel  at  N.E. 
unste  of  the  palace,  named  aRei  Beck, 
and  the  lemoins  of  the  old  forti£cationB 
are  ISth  cent.;  the  rest  ii  Uter. 
Charles  I.  was  leceivcd  here  both  as 
king  and  ufterwnrda  as  prisoner.  Tbo 
chief  feftture  of  exterior  is  the  chapel, 
and  on  1.  of  cnttsnce  a  fiao  bay  window 
of  the  dining-room,  ornamented  with 
arms  of  Bishop  Tnnslall.  The  dining- 
-  1  (60  ft.  long,   32  ft,  wide,   27" 


d  the  twelve  patriatcbs,  by  Zurbaran 
(except  Benjamin,  which  is  a  copy  by 
Pond):  also  the  Latin  bthera,  by 
Bloomart ;  the  four  Evangelists  (otei 
tile  doors),  Laafranc  ;  and  the  Coniaro 
family,  TiHaa;  tbe  Uousekeeper'i 
Boom  has  cuiious  oak  paoeUing  em- 
blazoned with  coats  of  arms ;  th( 
Chapel,  81}  ft.  long,  IS  ft.  wide,  con- 
siiets  of  nave  and  siae  aisles  divided  by 
cdnsleted  marble  pillaia;  in  cenD«  of 

KvemeDt  is  huge  slab  of  black  mar- 
I,  insotibed  with  inunense   letters; 


tlie  grave  of  Bp.  Cosin  (d. 
1672) ;  it.  of  entrance  is  marble  monu- 
ment by  Nollekem,  to  Bp.  I'revor ;  the 
Cartle  ami  Chapel  are  iluncn  on  appli- 
itvm,  TliePar'e  is  open  to  thepublic. 
About  1  m.  N.E.  of  the  caatle  is  the 
i(e  of  BinchctUr  Hall,  once  owned  by 
the  family  of  Wren,  and  near  it  is  ft 
Boman  hypocaiut,  which  is  entered 
from  a  trap-door  In  the  middle  of  a 
field.  A  few  steps  below  the  sur&ce 
of  the  ground  is  a  chamber  about 
22  ft.  by  21  ft.,  the  roof  being  originally 
supported  by  no  leas  tiian  eigb^-eight 
small  square  brick  pillars,  eighty-two 
of  which  are  still  standing. 

Efcurtitms.  —  To  Barnard  Caatle, 
by  St.  AndreiB  Auckland,  SL  Helen 
Auddattd,  Baby  CaelU,  Staindrop,  and 
Streatlam  CattU. 

1^  m.  E.E.  is  SI.  Andrew)  Auckland 
(1300),  a  complete  and  very  fine  speci- 
men of  an  K.  E.  cruciform  Ch. ;  among 
tiia  broken  braaaee  is  that  of  Frides- 
monda,  Ist  wife  of  Bp.  Barnes,  1581; 
11  fine  cioes-legged  figure  in  wood,  of 
knight  in  chain-armour,  is  supposed  to 
■-  T  one  of  the  FoUaid  family. 

About  2  m.  S.W.  of  St.  Andrew- 
Auckland  is  St.  Hflm  Aucklaad ;  the 
Ch.  of  which  is  late  Norm. ;  the  chan- 
cel walls  and  windows  are  E.  E. ;  ob- 
the  high  pews  (1600),  with  open 
balnstraded  tops.  About  6  m.  S.W.  is 
llahij  Cattle,  a  little  B.  of  which  is 
Staindrtyp,  with  its  interesting  ch.; 
whence  it  is  about  6  m.  W.  to  Barnard 
CatlU,  passing  midway  SlreaUam 
CatiU !  return  (o  Biehop  Auckland 
by  rail  (40  min.)  from  Barnard  Castle. 
To  Windleiton  Hall,  Merringlon,  &c  ; 
about  3}  m.  E.  U  WindUiton  Hall  (Sir 
W.  Eden,  Bart) ;  about  3  m.  N.  of 
Windleston  is  MerriagtOH  Ch.,  rebuilt 
1854 ;  the  screen  of  black  oak  is  temp. 
Charles  I.  From  Merringlon,  return 
by  direct  road  about  3J  m. 

To  Braticepelh,  Brandon  Ch.,  and 
Bittterby.  Take  rail  (20  min.)  to 
£ranccp«lA,  5  min.  walk  Irom  which  ia 
the  ancient  CaitU  of  the  NevilUi,Bnd 
close  to  this  again,  the  reineiliable  Ch. 
of  St.  Brandon ;  the  tumulus  on  Bran- 
don Hill  may  also  be  visited  from 
henoe;  the  excnrsiou  may  be  con- 
tinued to  the  Moated  Grange  at  But' 


18 


BISBOP'3  CASTLE— SLACKHEATK 


hrhij,  nboiit  3  ni.  N.E.  of  Urancepeth 
tvsta  Brancepetb  retom  to  Blahop 
Auckland  ciuiei  by  rail,  or  iraik  (r~ 
flrtvej  to  MeninKtoD,  aboat  6  m.  S.E 
^Bsing  at  4  m.  WhUaorth  Park.  T 
SedgefiiM,  Harimdhe  Park,  andBiihop 
Middkham.  Take  rail  to  Bnilbuj; 
StaL  (1  hr.X  whence  it  is  2  m.  to 
Hardwicke  Hall  (C.  Bramwcll.  Esq^.), 
and  i  m.  B.  of  thia  Sed^field,  with  its 
tiandHoine  restored  ch. ;  about  2  m. 
N.W.  of  Bedgefield  ia  Siihop  MiddU- 
Itam.  i  m.  W.  of  which  ia  Maini/orth 
Hall  (Mrs.  Snrtees);  the  oak-tree 
end  of  its  terrace  woa  planted  by  I 
Walter  Scott  (all  the  above  dcBoribed 
under  Dnrliam). 

Ditlatteee  (hy  rail). — Middleton-in- 
Teesdale,  1}  hr. :  Hottlepool,  2  krs.; 
Castle  Eden,  2$  hrs. :  Stockton,  1  hr. 
20  Diin.;  Middlesborougli,  1}  hv. 

BI»llop'H  CtlMtle  {Salop). 
Slat  J  hr.  Jtom  Cra.'vea  Arms  June., 
L.  SrN.W.Hly.  Jn»:  Castle.  There 
are  interestiiii;  early  remains  in  the 
neighbonriiood.  (a)  Sm.  S.  at  Bury 
DiUhet,  a  remarkaiile  Sax.  camp,  ellip- 
tical and  enclosing  four  actea  (3  m. 
beyond  is  C7un),  The  riew  is  fine 
towards  the  Lougwjnd.  (6)  Early 
circles  and  upright  stones  on  Comdon 
Mount,  about  5  m.  N. 

Bishop's  Frooue,  see  Ledbary. 

Bishop's  Ltdeard,  see  Tannlon. 

Bishop's  Button,  see  Winchsiter. 

BuHOPfrroNE,  see  Neakaven. 

Bishop  flitortford  (HerU). 
SUt.  GL  E.  Ely.  Inni:  'George: 
CheanerB.  Situated  on  the  Stort, 
which  is  navigable  to  this  plac«.  It 
was  granted  by  William  the  Con- 
queror to  the  Bps.  of  London,  hence 
its  name.  The  Ch.,  a  Pe^.  stractnre, 
has  u  flgnre  of  its  patron,  St  Ifichael, 
over  the  N.  door.  In  the  chancel  are 
some  stalls,  and  various  monumenU  to 
the  Dennys  and  others.  Here  also  is 
an  old  UbTary.  There  is  a  pleasant 
walk  to  HalliagbuTy  Place,  a  stately 
mansion  in  a  well-wooded  paik,  2  m. 
S.E.— Hatfield  Forest,  in  the  same  di- 
reotiou,  3  m.  E.,  affiods  some  charming 
sylvali  views.  Ilaifield  "  Broad  Oak 
still  exists;  the;fi>roBt  is  entirely  en- 
doBod.  Slaiulead  Hall  (W.  Fuller 
Uuitland,  Esq.)  is  3  m.  N.E. ;  and 


Vunmom  is  9}   : 
Storttord. 

BlBBOFtON,  se( 


1.   dishiot  fiom   Up. 


Blshopweabhocth,  see  Svnderland. 

BiBLEY,  see  Stroud. 

Slarhbum  (Lane.).  Slat. 
Lane.  &  Y.  Ely.  <  Jnm .-  'Old  Bull ; 
White  Bull.)  Pop.  80,000.  Poat- 
office,  Newmarket-street.  One  of  the 
largest  and  beet  built  of  the  Lancashire 
mauufacturing  towna,  and  situated  in 
a  valley  between  two  ranges  of  steep 
hiils.  The  first  Sir  E.  Peel  was  bom 
here.  Eargrfave»,  the  inventor  of  the 
epinoing-jenny,  was  also  a  native. 
There  is  a  handsome  CIt.  with  very 
good  tracerieii  windows;  and  the  K. 
wiodow,  of  ten  compartments  of  stained 
glass,  was  brouglit  tiy  Dr.  WItitaker 
dnrn  Cologne.  The  public  buildings 
of  Blackburn  are  on  a  fine  acak, 
especially  the  Toan  Hall,  Exehanyf, 
Market  Hall,  and  the  Library  aad 
Jlfua«utn. 

Excurtiaai.  —  'To  Samlethury  Hall 
(W.  Harrison,  Esq.),  *  m.  on  Upper 
Preston-road  (no  conveyance),  a  faean- 
tiful  specimen  of  timber  and  plaster 
(1548),  ornamented  with  carved  heads 
Bitetnally.  The  interior  is  not  shown. 
On  same  rond,  1  m.  from  rly.  stat.,  is 
the  Corporation  Parlt,  50  acres  on  the 
side  of  Bevidge  Sill.  (See  also  ffAoil™.) 


Blackoakg  Cuike,  ( 


Bl«eklieaai    (Kent),    stat. 

S.E.Ely.(N,  Kent  line).  ThostaUon 
is  at  TranquU  Vale,  S.  of  the  Heath. 

Blackheath,  6  m.  from  London  by 
road,  lies  S.  of  Qreenaidi  (see)  Park. 
The  heath,  207  acres,  is  dry  and 
healthy,  and  there  are  some  extensive 

Cspecls  from  it.  At  the  S.  W.  comer 
.  Blackheath  Hill,  Roman  remains 
have  been  found,  and  near  the  summit 
of  the  hill,  at  a  spot  called  the  Point, 

Bsoribed  to  the  Danes,  and  by  oUieis 
to  the  BaxoDS.  It  extends  127  ft.  and 
consists  of  4  chambers,  connected  by 
narrow  passages.  In  the  brthest  is  a 
well  27  ft.  deep.    It  may  be  seen  by 


The  town  lies 


I  fee. 


and  the  railway  statioii.    Attheoj^Kt- 


BLA  CKPOOL—BLYTH. 


49 


site  end  of  the  hc&th,  by  Blaeldteath 
Sm  (Slat.  London,  Cliatliftin,  anU 
Dover  BIy.),  U  the  principal  Inn,  tbe 
Green  Man,  well  knonu  to  holiday- 
mnkeiB. 
BucKH>OL   (Deron.),     see    Dart- 

Bln«kpoo1      (Lflnc).      BlaL 
IiBDc    &   'VoAb.    Bly.,    1    hr.   from 

Preston.    Imu:    Iraperiol ;    Bailey's 


Vietoiift;  Beaoh.  There 
TODS  loda;iDg-houeeB  facing  tbe  prome- 
nade and  Bea.    This  rapidly  increasing 

totrn  ig  tlie  chosen  Arcadia  of  ~ ~ 

fecturing  lancashire.  In  bi 
time  and  on  liolidayB,  eiciUBionistB 
pour  in  in  oountleES  Dambers  and 
rendet  tbe  promenade  and  streets 
almoet  impaaaable.  The  situation  of 
the  town  ia  good  and  very  liealthy. 
There  is,  at  low  water,  b  fine  Dtretcli 
of  hard  sands,  and  on  tlie  rising  giom 
above  tliem,  and  immediately  in  front 
of  the  well-built  houses  and 
botels,  are  an  excellent  promenade  and 
drive,  extending  from  South  Shore  (o 
Claremont,  a  distance  of  3  m.  Two 
long  piers  have  been  built  affording 
pleasant  promenades ;  and  steamers 
frequently  during  tlie  day  make  {ilea- 
suje  trips,  laatios  about  1  hour,  at  a 
charge  of  I«.  per  head.  Aa  aquarium 
was  opened  in   IRTS;   there  are  two 

Kasura  gardens— Baikes  Hall  and 
Uo  Vue :  and  tbe  town  is  uousually 
well  supplied  with  carriages  of  various 
descriptions  for  biro.  A  Sea  Water 
Company  supplies  bouses  with  nea- 
waler,  and  there  axe  good  public  batlis. 

iii!c«r.(0.«.— To  Gynn,  1^  m.  N., 
and  CUtxieyi,  5  m.  beyoud,  Lythura, 
2)1  min.  by  xaWx  a  steamer  al»i plies 
during  summer  months  between  South- 
port  and  Borrow -In-Furnesa  for  Fur- 
iieas  Abbey  and  the  Lake  District 
calliugat  Blackpool.  Fleetwood, about 
20  min.  by  rail.  St.  Anne'»^n-the-8ea 
i*St.  Anne'i  Hotel)  is  a  new  watering- 
place  situated  cquidisUtut  (3  J  iii.) 
ftom  Blackpool  and  Lytham. 

Blabeney,  see  Hdt. 

Blanchlakd,  see  Hexham  nnd  Stait- 


""Si 


ilanatord    (Doreet.),    Stat. 


Somerset    and    Dorset    Bly.      Jon: 

Bryanttoa  Home  (Lord   Portman) 

ia  not  acoessibla  to  strangers.  The 
park  is  more  than  1  m.  in  length,  and 
wateted  by  the  Stour,  in  which  good 

glke  and  perch  fishing  may  be  had. 
Bveral  fine  earthworlui  are  within  a 
ride  of  Blaudford,  vii,  rt.  of  the  Stur- 
minster  road.  Sod  Hill,  3  m.  i  and 
Hambledon  Hm,  i  m,  N.W. ;  on  the 
old  road  to  TVimbnme,  Butbury,  2j  m. 
E.;  and  Biutbvry  Bhigt  (sati  Wim- 
bome),  6i  m.  S.E.;  and  on  the  lower 
road  to  Wimbome,  Spelinhary  lii»g, 
or  Cratcford  Cattle,  Si  m. 

Millon  iUwif  (Baron  Uambro),  f)  m.. 
Is  a  very  interesting  place.    The  Abbey 
Ch.  is  a  truly  noble  specimen  of  eccle- 
einetical  architecture. 
Blenheiii,  Bee  Oxford  (Eicurs.). 
Blicelikg  Hill,  see  Aul^am. 
Blobe  Heath,  see  Market  Drayton, 
BloxUam,  see  Banbury, 
Blcb     Ancuob,    sue    Bridgieater, 
Lynton,  and  Taualon. 

Blytll  (Notts).  2  m.  W.  of  Bans- 
kill  Stat,,  6t.  N.  Ely,  Here  is  a  very 
tine  Oh,  occupying  the  site  of  a  Bene- 
dictine monastery,  of  the  11th  vent. 
"""  e  conventual  and  pariah  chs.  were 
ler  one  roof,  each  possessing  its 
a  chancel ;  the  present  chaneel  is 
the  end  of  the  S.  aisle,  the  N. 
one  having  been  taken  by  the 
former  owners  of  Blyth  Hall,  which 
adjoins.  The  nave,  ttiforiuiij,  and 
clerestory  ate  early  Norm.  There  are 
Moimmenta  to  the  Mellishes  and  a 
screen  with  painted  figures  of 
9.  Exeartiwtt.—S  m,  W.  to  ruins 
of  Bodie  Abbey  <Yorksldie,,  founded 
in  1147  for  Cisleroian  moidrs,  very 
picturesquely  pl.icod  at  the  junction  of 
'2  limestone  glens.  A  Dec.  galonay  at 
the  W.  side  was  probably  part  of  the 
Nonn.  Hospitium.  Tbe  tlidi-pond  and 
corn-mill  Btitl  exist.  Tlio  ruins  are 
kept  in  nice  order  TiiMUl  railway 
stalion,  on  rood  to  Doncaslcr,  is  distant 
4ro. 

BLVTIiBtBGH,  sec  Lowenla/i. 
BocoMNoc,  see  St.  Aattell. 
Boi>EDERN,  see  Holyheait. 
BoDELWYDDAN,  See  Abergele,  Bhyt, 

and  St.  Aiaph. 


BODMIN— BOLTON. 


BODUM,  aee  Hadingi. 

Bodmin  (ComwaU),  i  m.  &om 
Bodmiit  Boad  Stal.  (omuibua  meets 
eretyttain),  aitualed  bX  Glynn  Bridge, 
and  BtonI  half-way  between  Plymouth 
and  Tmro.  Jnns;  Snndoe'a  Boyal; 
G>atty*B  Town  Arms.  On  entering  the 
town  from  the  station  is  auen  the  Kiory 
Olw  i«sidenoe  of  Col.  GUbeit  Chief 
Onutable  of  Uir<  ooantj),  whioh  alsnda 
on  the  Bile  of  the  AugnstiuUn  Priory 
of  St.  Mar;  and  SL  Petroc.  said  to  have 
been  fonnded  by  Kine  Athelitane  in 
936.  In  the  oh.-yd.  opposite  the 
Prioty  are  the  roinB  of  the  chapel 
of  St  ThomBs,  containiDg  stone  seduia 
and  a  Btonp  at  S.  of  the  altar — beneath 
is  a  vaulted  and  ribbed  crypt.  On 
the  UountfbUy  stood  the  Ftsncisoan 
conient  of  St,  Nicholas— the  site,  how- 
ever, now  being  occtipied  by  the  Com 
Market  and  Assize  Courts.  Tho  Ch., 
in  oouise  (1ST6)  of  restoration,  is  the 
largest  in  Cornwall,  and  has  an  eicei- 
Ject  peal  of  bells  and  chimea.  Observe 
specially  Qne  Nraman  font  and  the 
tomb  of  Prior  Vivian  (d.  1533)  at 
end  of  N.  aisle.  About  half-way 
between  Bodmin  and  lAunceston  is 
the  Jamaica  Inn,  from  which  the 
tourist  m^  visit  the  hills  of  Brown 
'Willy  and  Bonghtor ;  the  romantic 
valleys  of  Hantei-Oantick  and  Han- 
noQ ;  and  Dozmate  Pool  (see  Laun- 
eaUin).  1}  m.  front  the  Inn  oc 
Bodmin  road  is  tlie  vet;  aneieiit 
monument — the  Four-hoU-orou.  The 
Perp.  Ck.  at  Laaivet,  irhich  is  said  to 
be  the  oentte  of  the  county,  2J  m. 
S.W.  of  Bodmin,  contains  a  remark- 
able 14th-cent.  stonp,  and  in  the  cb,- 
yd.  are  2  ancient  stone  crosses.  Be- 
yond (5  m.)  are  the  Boche  roots,  &c. 
(see  LidfeaTd).  A  good  view  of  tho 
town  of  Bodmin  and  neighbourhood 
obtained  from  Beacon  Hill,  S.  of  the 
town.  RoMriioni  should  be  made 
Olynn  Valley,  i  m, ;  XonA^rocA;  {t 
SI.  AiigUU),  and  3^  m.  N.,  Penoarroui 
Weod*.  8.  of  the  Park  (Dowser  Lad;r 
Moleeworth)  are  Dnnmeer  Wood 
Dunmeer  Qtstle,  the  latter  an 
gnlar  ovaL  with  a  single  vallum  and 
ditch.  Beyond  PenMnow  ni.)  is 
WadAridge,  7  m.  &om  Bodmin  by  rail 

BoDOBOAH,  see  Uatigefiti. 


BoDOAir,  see  PuObelt. 

Bog'nor  (Sussex).  Stat  L.  B. 
&  S.  C  Bly.  (Branch  from  Baruham 
June,  3i  m.)  Inns;  Norfolk  H.  ; 
Sussex  H. ;  Claremout;  H. ;  Bedford  H. 
This  is  a  dull  watcring-plaoe,  altliong'h 
some  lulvance  has  b^u  made  amd  an 
Esplanade  and  Pier  formed.  The  cM- 
mate  is  as  mild  as  that  of  Worthing, 
The  country  round  is  perfectly  flat, 
but  the  8.  Downs  ate  iu  sight.  The»« 
are  some  intereetiog  points  tor  visilora 
on  their  breezy  slopes,  and  Goodwood, 
Bozgrove  Priory,  Chichester  Catbe- 
dral,  Pa^liam,  the  Hushing  Well,  and 
Selsey  Ch.  may  be  visited  from  here. 
(See  Ckicketter.) 

At  Fdpham  (about  1  m.  N.E.)  is  a 
villa  in  which  the  poet  Hayley  resided. 
The  Ch.  has  portions  of  various  dates, 
and  in  it  is  a  marble  tablet  for  Hayley, 
who  was  buried  here. 

BoLDON,  see  Sunderlaad. 

BOLLIKOTON,  see  AUriadiata. 

Bolsover  (Derby.},  6  ta.  fion 
Chesterfield  Stat.  Midland  R]y.(Jn(i.- 
Swan),  is  a  small  town  on  a  high 
plateau  of  nound  oveilookiug  a  'wide 
expanse  of  Derbysliire,  and  possessing 
some  very  fine  Quarriei  of  magnesian 
limestone,  Sroia  which  the  Houses 
of  Parliament  were  bnilt.  The  OisOe 
(Mrs.  Hamilton  Oiay),  in  an  Important 
sitnation,  was  begun  by  Bess  ot^Hwd- 
wiok,  and  finished  in  1613  by  her  son. 
Sir  C.  Cavendish.  Visitors  are  allowed 
to  inspect  the  grounds,  but  the  interior 
of  the  castle  is  private,  except  on 
special  application.  The  tuihi  on  the 
terrace  are  those  of  a  house  begun  by 
a  Duke  of  Newcastle  on  a  8|3endid 
scale,  but  never  finished.  Bolsover 
Oh.  has  sculptures  (the  Nativi^)  of 
the  14th  cent  and  (the  Crucifixion)  of 
13th  cent ;  also  some  eUbotate  nonu- 
toenff  to  the  Cavendish  family.  It  ia 
a  pleasant  exoursian  to  Hardwick  H<M 
and  Ma-MJUld  (see),  about  S  m. 

Bolton  (Lanes.).  Stat.  L.  &  N. 
W.  and  Lane.  &  Yoiks.  Blys.  Itmt: 
Swan ;  Lever  Aims ;  Victoria.  Po»t- 
ogice,  Bradshaw-gate.  This  is  one  of 
the  most  prospwoua  and  progreNvo 
of  Lancashire  manu^tunng  towns, 
fsnious  for  its  cotton  yams,  "Bolton 
counts,"  shirtings,  quillings,  cambrics. 


BOLTOS—BOSTON. 


muslinB,  engineering  And  nmchtae- 
makin^  eeleUiihmente,  and  it>  blettch- 
Ulg  works.  The  psriali  Ck.  IB  n  modem 
erection,  in  geometrio  Qothio  ityle  of 
14Ul  cent,  oontalmng  many  flue  ex- 
amples of  atftiDed  glaas.  The  old  ch., 
d&tmg  from  about  ]J50,and  oecupjing 
tlie  nte  of  one  of  about  the  12th  cent^ 
wna  pulled  down,  and  the  present  one 
(coDsecntted  in  ISTl)  eioctod  at  a  cost 
of  fronn  80,0001.  to  40,000f.,  at  the  sole 
eipeoae  of  Peter  Onncrod,  Esq.,  of 
Halliwell  Hall.  The  town  hai  an 
excellent  Free  FiMU  Library  and 
Mtutum,  estabiiiljed  ih  1S52.  The 
Marltet  HaU  (oast  83,0001.)  U  one  of 
tho  finest  of  the  Idnd  in  the  kingdom. 
The  Ibaa  Hall  ii  also  another  noble 
Btructnre,  erected  at  a  cost  of  175,0001. 
It  xras  opened  by  the  Prince  and 
Princeiu  of  Wales,  in  1873.  An  organ 
liUB  been  added  at  a  ooit  of  4D00I. 
In  NelHon-sqoare  ia  a  statue  of  Oomp- 
ton,  the  inveDtor  of  the  ItTule,  to  which 
the  spinning-trade  owes  its  immense 
developmenC  and  in  Town  Hall- 
square  is  a  at&tae  of  Dr.  Chadwk^ 
to  commemorate  his  gift  of  an  Or- 
phanage and  Model  Dwellings. 

Bolton  is  celebrated  for  the  siege 
which  it  underwent  during  the  Cinl 
War  by  the  Earl  of  Derby,  who  was 
afterwards  taken  at  the  battle  of  Wor- 
ccatec,  and  beheaded  in  Bolton,  oppo- 
site the  Man  and  Sei/Uie  Inn,  in  Chuich- 
gato,  on  tho  ISth  Oct,,  1(J5I. 

The  specialities  of  Boltoobest  worth 
Tigiting,  in  addition  to  tho  Cotton 
Hills,  are  the  Engine  Workt  of  Messrs. 
Hick,  Soho  Ironworks ;  the  Maehine 
Warki  of  Dobson  and  Barlow.  Kay- 
street;  tliB  Chatwood  Oompany^B  Patent 
Bafeand  Lock  Works,  Ao.  Exeursioni 
(o)  2  ra.  on  Shnrples  road,  to  Hall  t' 
th'  Wood,  an  old  half-timbered  mnl- 
lioned  houso  (1648),  where  S.  Cromp- 
ton  lived,  and  concealed  his  mule  m 
the  attics  during  the  machine  riots. 
(6)  3  m.  N.W.,  to  SmithiUS  Hall  (K.  H. 
JUns worth,  GmO>  permission  given 
on  application  by  letter,  a  clmrBcier- 
irtie  Laneoshire  mansion,  with  court- 
yard and  side  chapel.  Tlie  interior  is 
Utted  up  with  carved  oak,  and  in  a 
poasage  ia  shown  the  imprem  of  the 
toot  of  Geo.  Harsh,  tiie  Bolton  martyr. 


M 

who  was  brought  np  Leie  for  exami- 
uatioii  before  Sir  Boger  Barton. 
Harth  was  bniut  at  Cheater  in  1S55. 
It  ii  a  fine  walk  from  Bolton  to 
BitingiM  Pike,  about  S  m.,  at  the 
foot  of  which  are  the  great  reservoirs, 
or  Liverpool  Waterworks,  commonly 
called  the  Bonth  lAncailiire'  Lakes. 
(See  Bivington.) 

Diitaneei  (by  rail).  —  Afaneketttr, 
11  m.:  Burg,  0  m.;  Wigan,  11  m.; 
Blaehbitm,  llj  m. 

BoLTOK  Oabtle,  ae«  NorthaBerlon, 

Bolton  Pbiosy,  see  7ItJ<y. 

Bolton-le-SandB  (Lanm.), 
St&t.,  L.  A  N.  W.  Rly.,  ii  a  quiet 
little  village  near  Mvrtoambe  Buy  (see 
Laneatler),  in  the  neighbonrliood  of 
charming  scenery.  BxeurMion,  2  m.  8., 
to  Dunald  Mill  EoU,  a  cavern  into 
whioh  a  river  flows,  and  emerges  again 
at  Caroforth,  ^  m. 

Bohohuboh,  see  Wight,  Itte  of. 

Bohball,  see  Crom/ord  ftnd  MaUoek 
Baih. 

BOBKHAK,  me  CKdnuford. 

BoROVOHBRiDOB;  See  York. 

BonoooB  Greih,  see  NtmmarkeL 

BOBBOWDAI.E,  see  Ketinek. 

BoBTB,  aBD  Merdovey  and  Abery' 

BosBim,  see  Ledbury. 

BowusTLK  see  LntinoMton. 

SoSCOOel  (Salop),  i  m.  N.W. 
of  Codiall  Btat.  or  KT  of  Albrigh- 
ton  {tee)  Stat,  Gt  W.  Rly.,  Is  a 
oharming  old-fkshioned  house,  and  the 
hiding-plkce  of  Charles  II.  after  the 
battle  of  Worcester,  1651.  It  is  shown 
every  day  till  6  TM.  There  is  a 
portrait  of  the  king  in  the  drawing- 
room,  and  the  mantelpiece  is  soulp. 
tured  with  scenes  from  M»  escapes. 
In  tlie  garret  is  a  hollow  chest  where 
he  was  hid,  and  a  chamber  iu  tho 


oak  is  gone,  but  its  desoeodaut  re- 
mains. Between  Bosoobel  and  Al- 
brighton  are  the  rains  of  While 
Ladiet  convent  for  GlBteician  nuns, 
founded  temp.  Biohd.  I.,  conusting  of 
u  wall  and  some  Norm,  atches. 

BosvBKKNNis,  SCO  Pemamx. 

BoBTALL  Heath,  see  Erith, 

(Lincoln.),  Btat.,  G.  N. 


52 


BOTTESFOBD—SOUBNUMO  UTH. 


Rlj.,    107|    m.    from    LoDtlon,    and 

junction  of  the  linea  to  Liucoln  and 
OnDthaTn.  Ian .-  Peacock.  A  cIcbq 
aod  healthy  tvwn,  aud  an  ancient  sea- 
pirt,  sitoated  on  the  navigable  river 
Wltbsm,  li  m.  from  the  entraaM  to 
BoHtnn  Deepa.  At  spring-tides  the 
quays  are  accessible  to  Tesaels  of  400 
tons  burdeo.  A  large  nmnber  of  boata 
are  engaged  in  the  Boston  fishery. 
There  is  an  Angling  Asaodation  for 
prpaerTing  the  fiBhery  of  the  river 
Witham  ;  also  a  Yacht  Club. 

The  Cliwch  (St.  Botolph),  restored 
185B,  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
matket-place.  It  is  a  maguificent 
structure  in  the  I>ec.  Eng.  style.  It 
has  a  square  toner,  in  the  later  Perp. 
style,  300  ft.  h^h,  and  a  splendid  set 
of  chimes.  Notice  the  iseiliugs  of 
tover  and  nave;  pulpit  and  font; 
also  ancient  ohancel-atalls.  Kear  the 
ch.  is  a  handsome  marble  statue  to 
the  memory  of  the  late  Herbert  In- 
gram, Esq.,  a  native  of  Boston,  and 
tha  founder  of  the '  Illustrated  Loudon 

A  line  of  splendid  elairehet  will  he 
found  between  Boston  and  Lynn:— 
Algakirk,  S  m.  ftma  Boston,  and  }  hr. 
t^  train,  a  fine  onioifomi  building  in 
Norn.  E.-E.  and  Dec.  styles:  PiiuJt- 
btde  (E.-E.).  5  m.  N.  of  Spalding; 
Spalding :  Wetlon  ;  Moulton ;  Whap- 
lode;  jfolbeach;  Fleet;  Lang  Sutton  ; 
all  about  2  m.  apart,  and  having  rail- 
wav  stations  at  each  (vide  publication 
called  "  UarsMand  Churches  "). 

BoswoBTH  Field,  see  Hinckley. 

BoTALLACS  Mine,  see  Penzanoe. 

BoTiiAL,Bee  MoTptOt. 

Bottesford  (Uices.),  Slat., 
Gt  N.  Bly-,  7  m.  I^m  Qrantham 
and  16  m.  from  Nottingham.  Inn» : 
Butland  Arms;  Black  Bull.  The  C&. 
(I41h  cent.),  witl"  very  pretty  octa- 
gonal spire,  has  JUbnuTnenls:  (a)Bobt. 
de  Todener,  the  reputed  founder  of 
Belvoir:  (&)  of  Barons  de  Ros;  (c) 
several  of  the  Kails  of  Kutland,  inctn- 
ding  two  boys  of  the  Manners  taniily, 
who  died  from  witchcraft  in  tlie  17Ui 

Carriages  for  drive  to  BelvoiT  Ca»ile 
(see),  4  m.,  may  be  hired  at  tlie  Black 
BuUIuii. 


BoTTiEHAM,  see  Cambridge. 

Boi-OHTOS,  see  KeUering. 

BouLBT,  see  WItiOm. 

BouHMB  End,  see  Tbamm. 

Boumemoutta  (Hunts), 
Stats.,  on  N.E.  side  (HoldenhursU 
road),  L.  ft  S.  W.  Bly.,  3}  hre.  from 
London,  leaving  main  line  at  Bing- 
wood  June. :  and  on  W.  side  (Queen's- 
rood),  communicating  directly  witK 
Poole  and  Wlmbome ;  also  tiiroush 
communication  from  latter  (Queon'a- 
road)  Stat,  with  Birmingham  and 
Bath,  by  Somerset  &  Dorset  Rly. 
Innt :  Bath  H.,  on  E.  ciilT ;  Belle  Vue 
H.,  facing  the  Pier;  Stewort^s  H., 
Bichmond-bill  ;  Lansdowne  H.,  at 
iunotion  of  01irist«hurch  and  Holden- 
liurat  roads;  Exeter  Park  (or  New- 
lyn's)  H.,  Exeter  -  road ;  Pembroke 
H.,  near  West  Cliff;  Boscombe  Spa 
H.,  East  Cliff;  High  Cliffe  Mansions, 
West  ClifT  (jWBiujn  from  It.  6d.  a  day). 
Pop.  5906,  an  increase  of  4000  since 
1861.  Foa-ojjiee  in  the  Arcade,  be- 
tween Old  C&istchurch  aodWebl<iver 

This  is  one  of  the  healthiest, 
though  far  from  being  most  beantifnl 
watering-places  on  the  English  coast. 
The  liooses  are  no  longer  toufined  to. 
the  pine-clad  valley,  but  numberless 
villas  and  many  fine  luansious  have 
been  erected  on  all  sides,  on  the  more 
bracing  uplands  of  rnonotonous  sandy 
heath,  raried  only  by  pine  clumps. 
On  account  of  its  favoured  position 
and  dry  and  sheltered  climate,  tlie 
place,  which  until  18H)J  consisted  of 
only  a  few  fislicrmen's  huts  and  a 
coastguard  station,  has  risen  to  its 
present  dimensions  and  importance. 
Between  tlie  pine  woods  aud  the 
edges  of  the  clil£j  are  pleasant  walks. 


cliffs  are  soft  sands,  extending  for 
miles  E.  and  W.,  and  completely 
sheltered  from  the  N'.  winds.  There 
is  every  facility  for  bathing ;  a  Li- 
brary, Beadinjj-room,  &c,  will  be 
found  close  to  the  Pier.  On  the 
opposite  side  of  tlie  Pier  is  the  ClWi, 
to  which  visitors,  on  the  nomination 
of  a  member,  are  admitted  for  short 
periods.     Ch-anhei:  St.  Peter"!,  Hin- 


BOVRNEMOVTB—BOVW  TBACEY. 


ton-road,  n  beaQtiful  building  (E. 
Deo.),  with  rich  and  costly  interior 
decuratioDB.  The  altar-piece  ia  a 
beautifully  cnrred  reredoa,  and  abovo 
a  fine  alabnater  canopy,  ituddeU 


tiles,  and  the  rich  alabaster  scieena 
in  chancel  are  north  inepection.  The 
pnlpit  IB  a.  moat  elaborate  and  beauti- 
ful piece  of  wort  The  floral  carvingB 
oa  the  capitals  and  BoBQta,  nlso  those 
in  the  tymptinam  over  vcBtrf  door,  all 
by  Earp,  should  be  noticed.  At  the 
E.  cud  of  the  navo.  above  the  chan- 
cel atoh,  is  a  well- executed  fresco, 
illtutrative  of  tlie  Crucitoion,  The 
windows  are  well  filled  with  modern 
Btninedglaas;  tliat  in  the  largo  S.  win- 
dow illustrating  the  Te  Deam,  as  well 
as  that  at  the  E.  end  of  the  S.  chancel 
aisle,  illuBtrating  Onr  Lord's  B«gur- 
rection,  are  to  the  memory  of  the 
author  of  the  'Christian  Year,'  who 
worshipped  here  during  the  loat  few 
months  of  his  lifetime.  The  ch.  also 
possesses  a  fine  peal  of  S  bdls,  and 
the  ch.-jd.  is  esceptionally  pictnr- 
esque.  Hiiy  Trinity,  Old  Christ- 
church-road  (Lombardo  Gothic  style) : 
one-third  of  sittings  free.  8l.  MiclutfVe, 
West-hitI,  a  handsome  church ;  a 
large  pmportjon  of  tlie  seats  bee. 
St.  Ckmenl'g,  Boscombe,  about  IJ  m. 
from  centre  of  Bouniemoutb,  a  boauti- 
ful  and  costly  edifice,  erected  and 
endowed  at  the  sole  expense  of  Mr. 
Edmund  Christy.  Notice  especially 
the  carved  oak  chou--stalls,  fine  rood- 
screen  of  stone,  and  painted  windows 
in  aide  chapel,  A  good  orgaD,  by 
Gray  and  I)BTison,  was  piesented  by 
a  brother  of  the  founder.  Other 
chnrches  are;  St.  Andrea's  Pretby- 
terian,  overlooking  the  Weatover  Plea- 
sure Grounds;  Connregational,  near 
Richmond-temioe ;  'Wealej/an,  in  the 
centre  of  the  town ;  Soman  Catholic, 
Bichmond-hill.  The  "Chines,"  in 
the  sand  cUfls  on  the  W,  of  the 
valley,  are  worth  notice.  Of  these 
Alum  Chiite  is  the  most  eiilcneivo: 
Branlaome  Chine,  the  most  pictur- 
esque. Beyond  are  the  Sugar  Loaf 
and  Fl^  Head  Cbines,  both  pic- 
taiesqne  dells.    On  a  portion  of  the 


Alum  Cliff  Estate  is  the '  Herbert 
Home,  opened  in  186S  for  conval- 
escent patients,  in  memory  of  the 
late  Lord  Herbert  of  tvea ;  and  in  the 

Sonatoriam-road,  bejond  tho  N.  ex- 
tremity of  tbe  Westover  Pleasnre 
Gardens,  is  the  large  building  fbnnded 
in  1 65S  as  a  National  Sanatorivm  for 
Consumption  and  Diseases  of  the 
Chest  Off  tho  Exeter  road  are  the 
Oontome  Gnrdeiw  and  Arehery 
Grounds,  which  at  all  seasons  of  tbe 
year  offer  attractions  to  the  visitor. 
The  Tedworth  Comer^iatoTif,  formerly 
belonging  to  tbe  late  Assheton  Smith, 
Esq.,  wbicli  has  been  re-erected  on  the 
South  Bonnie  Estate,  to  tbe  N.E.  of 
tbe  town,  distant  3}  m.  from  the 
bridge,  is  open  to  the  public  for 
promenade,  and  as  a  winter  garden ; 
imission  Sd.  eitch  person. 

Exeurtioni.— To  Cbrifhhurch.  10 
min.  by  rail  from  Holden hurst-rood 
Stat.,  and  5  m,  by  roed  by  Somoaihe. 
Wimborne,  9  m.  by  road,  and  }  br.  1^ 
rail.  PooU.  15  min.  by  rail,  or  plea- 
sant walk  along  the  W.  cUlfs  or  beach, 
returning  by  road  (5  m.)  thiongh  the 
pretty  village  of  ParlaUme.  To  Sing- 
wood  and  llie  New  Foreit,  14  m.  By 
water  to  Studland  Bay,  Sieanage,  Ltd- 
worth  Cove,  WeymotUh,  Porttaad,  Jsle 
of  Wi^kt. 

An  interesting  notice  of  the  Natural 
History  of  the  district  will  be  found 
appendetl  to  a  local  guide,  compiled 
by  Mr.  Brannon,  C.E. 

BouRTOS  Maoxa,  see  Batilmry. 

Bovey  Tr»i«ey  (Devon.), 
.  tat.,  G.  W.  (a  Devon  *  Cornwall) 
Bly.,  e  m.  from  Newton  June. 
Inn;  Mugford's;  and  many  new  and 
good  lodgmg-h  oases.  A  good  centre 
for  tlie  tourist.  In  the  Ferp.  ch. 
(restored),  the  screen,  stone  pnlpit, 
and  certain  monuments  deserve  special 
notice.  Near  the  station  is  St.  John's 
Chapel,  a  modern  Dec.  building,  the 
chancel  of  which  should  be  seen. 
The  HeathJUld,  the  bed  of  an  ancient 
labe,  and  consisting  of  lignites,  clay, 
&c.,  is  of  tbe  highest  interest  to 
geologists.  The  extensive  potteries 
are  worth  visiting.  Exatrsions  may 
be  mode  in  all  directions.  S.  of  the 
village,  to  Heytor,    3   m.    (see   also 


54 


BOX—BRADFOBD. 


Darlmoor');  theiics  along  the  side  of 
Ltiga  Tot,  and  itorosg  toe  road  irhich 
leoda  to  Bocky  Fall.  A  longer  mund 
may  be  made  aa  followg :— Deicend 
LeW  Tor  (on  the  aommit  of  which 
are  hat  circles)  to  the  stream  ;  olimb 
Howid  Tor  (one  of  the  finest  on 
Dartmoor);  uienoe  make  youi  way 
aonss  the  Tore  that  haag  over  the 
WiddeeonAe  valley,  luid  so  descend  on 
Widdeeorabe  Ck, ;  thence  by  road  to 
Rippon  Tor  (1S49  ft.),  whenco  return 
hi  Bovey — a  satisfactory  day's  work. 

MamUon  is  about  4  ni.  N.W.  from 
Bovey,  and  a  visit  to  the  village,  to 
the  ab,,  and  a  climb  np  Manalon  Tor, 
shonld  on  no  acooDUt  be  omitted. 
Tlie  road  to  it  ixast  close  b;  Be6ky 
FaB,  a  delightful  spot.  Some  curious 
meases  and  Liehen  artiaUattti  may  be 
found  here.  From  Becky  Fall,  it  is  a 
charmine  walk  to  the  S,  end  of  the 
vfild  Tslloy  of  Lnstleigh (port);  also  to 
Water  Farm,  and  thence  to  Water 
Bock,  OTerbaaging  the  W.  side  of 
LuMeigk  Cleave,  N.  of  Bovey,  Heamyr 
nod  Bottar  Bodi,  about  4 J  m.,  are  well 
worth  exploration,  returning  by  way 
of  Sti^nnick  ,■  or  the  walk  may  be 
oontinned  from  Bottor  to  Skarpilor, 
1  m.,  thence  to LuttUigk,S  m.,  where, 
dose  to  the  station,  is  a  good  Inn,  the 
Cleave  Hold.  The  ch.  la  beautiftally 
sitnated,  and  worth  vigitlng.  At  S. 
mrch  U  an  ioscribed  stone  of  the 
Brlta-B(»nau  era.  A  very  steep  lane 
Uirougli  woods,  rt.,  will  lead  the 
pedestrian  to  Liuileigh  Cleave,  the 
whole  length  of  which  should  cer- 
tainly be  taiversed. 

GhwJUtigh  (Inn:  Clifford  Arms), 
Chadleigh  Roek,  and  Ugbroolie  Parh 
(Lord  Clifford),  are  also  easily  nccei- 
aibie  from  Bovey. 

BownoH,  see  AUrintham. 

Bowes,  see  Barnard  Cattle. 

BowNEBH,  see  Windermere. 

BowooD,  see  Chippenham. 

nojL  (WUta.).  Stat,  Gt.  W.  Ely. 
The  celebrated  Box  Ttmnel  ia  abont 
1|  m.  in  length,  and  in  places  SOO  ft. 
below  the  sorface.  The  cost  was  np- 
waids  of  500,0001. 


^  great  oommcrcial  valued 


Within  rfeach  of  the  station  are  sere~ 
ral  points  of  interest.  N.  are  Cheyne^ 
Court,  a  mansion  of  the  Bpokes,  of  the 
time  of  Elizabeth,  or  James  I.,  with. 
fine  old  chimney-piecOB ;  Cnles  Farm, 
\  m.  N.N.E..  built  in  1645 ;  aud  the 
Uttlo  church  of  DilrSieridge,  \  m.  N., 
interesting  to  the  archmologiat,  with 
its  Norm,  nave  and  8.  door,  with 
curiously  sculptured  impoit ;  narrow 
chancel  arch  of  ISth  cent.,  with  a  bell 
gable  over  it;  cnrious  piscina  and 
shelf ;  and  square  Norm.  font. 

2  m.  N.W.  of  Box  Stat,  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Colwne,  the  Ch.  of  which  de- 
serves a  visit.    Notice  rich  14th-cent. 

On  a  promontory  of  Ooleme  Down 
is  Btayaood  Camp. 

BoxFORS,  see  Hadleigk. 


Bos  HiLi.,  see  Dorking. 
BoSLBT,  see  MaitUlcne. 
BoTHE  Hill,  see  Maidenhead. 
Bbackleskui  Bat,  see  Chieheiler. 
Brasbmbtokii  Priobx,  see  Chippen- 

Bbadfield,  see  Sheffield. 
Bmdford(Yorks.).   Stats.,  the 

L.  ft  Y.  and  O.  N.  BIy.   in  Drak»- 

Btreet ;  Midland  Bly.  in  Welk-stroet. 
Jnn:  'Victoria  H.,  close  to  the  Ot.  N. 
Rly.  station. 

The  town  is  now  the  zreat  centre 
of  the  viorited  trade ;  and  the  "  raw 
material "  is  porchaaed  here  by  manu- 
facturers from  the  whole  clothing 
disldct.  Besides  yarn,  the  mills  of 
Bradford  produce  every  kind  of  fabric 
wronght  &om  wool,  silk,  worsted,  mo- 
hair, alpaca,  or  China  grass.  Neither 
the  warehouses  nor  the  factories  are 
showD  without  a  special  introduction. 

Of  ihe  Fublie  BvUdingi,  the  Toim 
Hall,  in  New  Market-street,  ia  by  far 
the  most  important  It  vras  completed 
in  1873  (architects,  Messrs.  Lockwood 
and  MawBon),  at  a  cost  of  raoro  than 
100,0001.,  and  is  of  siMialled  "Me- 
diteval  character."  Opposite  ia  the 
Meehaniei'  InetittUe,  opened  in  1870 
(cost  36,0001.). 

St.  George'i  Hall,  on  the  other  side 
(rf  the  Town  Hall,  was  completed  in 
1S53.  Within,  the  great  haU— 153  ft 
by  70  ft.,   aud   64  ft.    high—it   fine. 


£BADFORt>-SIUDfORD-OIi-A  VON. 


Tha  Ex^umge,  in  Ma^et^ticet,  is 
Venetiftn  Gothic  in  chaniolor.  Be- 
tveen  Oodwin-stroet  and  Kitkgate  ii 
t,  new  emxred  Market,  woith  notice. 
Of  the  modem  Chun^i«a,  All  Saiiiii, 
HorUm,  is  earlj  Dec.  in  chamcter, 
with  some  pxA  earring  on  the  pier 
caps,  and  is  tar  beyond  the  Hvem^ 

Oa  the  hill-top,  N.  of  tiie  town,  ia 
the  CemeitTy,  which  should  ha  visited 
fbr  the  Bttfee  of  the  Tiew  to  he  obtwned 
from  it— 4ne  fa  itself,  and  giring  «n 
excellent  notion  of  the  position  of 
Bradford. 

A  short  distance  below  the  oemeteiy 
is  Feel  Park,  a  space  (64  acres)  of 
open  groand  well  laid  ont,  and  oma- 
ukandine  good  views.  It  is  open  to 
the  puUic.  Two  other  parks  have 
been  purchased  hj  the  corporation  : 
Zii'stRT  Part:,  eoQ  lot jiiag  about  53  acres, 
N.W.  of  the  town,  on  high  groond. 
and  commanding  wide  views  (near 
the  principal  entrance  is  a  very  fine 
marble  siatneof  Mr.  Lister,  by  ATobi^)  ; 
and  Eorton  Fork,  on  the  ^  side  of 
the  town. 

A  short  distmiee  S.W.  of  Lister 
Park,  and  adjoining  Heaton-road,  are 
the  colaaaal  bnildings  of  Utanningham 
MiV*,  erected  by  Messrs.  Lister  and 
Oo.,  for  silk  and  velvet,  at  a  coat  of 
abont  500,000;. 

The  great  establishment  atBaliatre 
(Sir  W.  H,  Salt,  Bt)  may  be  K«ched  by 
railway  in  10  min.  This  is  a  worsted 
&ctory,  bnt  its  great  feetale  is  the 
mann&ctare  of  sipaca  fitbrics.  It 
covers  12  acres,  is  6  storeys  high,  550 
ft.  kmg,  SO  ft.  wide,  and  72  ft.  h%h. 
The  manufeotcry  is  not  shown  wiUi- 
ont  a  special  introdnction,  hot  the  ex- 
terior, church,  a/aA  viUage,  aie  well 
worth  a  viat  There  arc  schools  for 
the  express  use  of  the  workmen's 
children,  and  streela  of  booses  are 
art«iged  for  the  workmen.  There  is 
a  workiog-mon's  club  and  institute, 
which  cost,  it  it  said,  30,0001. ;  a  dining- 
hall;  baths  and  waslihouBeB;  a  square 
of  almahonsea:  and  a  dispensary,  the 
whole  Imilt  at  the  cost  of  t^e  late 
Sir  Titns  Salt ;  and  Snaliy,  a  Park  of 
14  acres,  laid  out  in  an  ornamental 
manner. 

There  are  ext«n8iTo   ironworks  at 


Botelita,  about  I  m.  fimn  the  foadford 
TownHalL  The  inm  produced  in  the 
nH^h,  as  well  as   in   luaonfoetnred 

artJcles,  acquired  inch  fame,  that  in 
advertising  for  contracts  lor  the  beet 
iron  both  in  England  and  abroad,  tine 
public  stipulated  that  the  iron  to  be 
BQpplied  nmsl  be  equal  to  ''Bowling 

The  LmmiBor  /ronwort*  will  be 
visited  with  great  interest  by  all  who 
care  (or  ingeuiom  niachiDe>7.  The 
IxmmooT  station,  on  Ibe  Halil^  rail- 
way, is  reached  in  10  min.  fnom  Biad- 
ford.  The  works,  which  are  scarcely 
exceeded  in  extent  and  importance  by 
any  ironworks  in  England,  U«  ficely 
shown  to  vieitots  who  bring  introduc- 
tlons.  In  most  cases,  perhaps,  the 
presentation  of  your  csid  at  the  office 
will  be  sufficient.  The  fecbxr  is 
abont  1  m.  distant  from  the  station. 
Iron  plates,  bars,  and  railway  tires, 
sent  ail  over  the  world,  are  the  |»in- 
cipal  nianofacturee :  but  guns  (from 
32  to  €8  pounders)  are  also  made  liere, 
Bad  the  processes  of  bc«ing  and  rifiing 
may  be  tbllowed  throughout.  About 
4000  men  are  enqiloyed. 

Leedt  may  be  reached  in  1  an  hour 
from  Bradford  by  the  G.H.  Riy.  The 
journey  to  Halifax  tlaa  oocapies  about 
Jhr. 

Bradford  -  on  >  Avob 
(Wills.),  Stat,  Q.  W.  Ely.,  \  hour  liom 
Baik,  and  10  min.  frcan  Tmvibridge  by 
rail,  and  about  3  m.  by  road.  Jim.- 
*Swan.  An  ancient  town,  of  mnch 
historical  interest,  most  prettily  dtn- 
ated  in  the  hollow  and  on  the  steep 
slopes  and  terraces  of  the  valley  of 
the  Avon,  up  which  the  greystone 
liooees  straggle  in  picturesque  con- 
fusion. It  was  formerly  the  scat  of  an 
important  woollen  manufacture. 

The  Ch.  (Holy  Trinity),  restored 
IS65-6,  wdL  deserves  a  visit  Notioe 
in  N,  aisle  wall,  richly  panelled  recess 
for  cmciflx ;  Jacobean  roof  tS  chance), 
1636 ;  ancient  and  carious  monumenla 
in  chancel ;  and  Dec  E.  window. 
Closely  adjacent,  at  the  N.E,  end,  is  a 
very  remarkable  and  interesting  build* 
ing — a  relic  of  the  tenth  century, 
unique  of  its  kind.  This  is  the  Saxon 
Ch.  of  St.  Laurence,  the  only  perfect 


5C 


BBADFOBD-ON-A  VON. 


Saxon  Ck.  reraftining  in  England,  wire- 
fullj  realored  by  a  Comoiittee  of  Tras- 
teea.  It  consists  of  a  Nave,  Chancel, 
and  N.  Porch.  The  dooiway  between 
save  and  pwoh  is  2  ft.  10  in.  wide  ond 
8}  ft.  higli.  Above  this  aicbway  are 
two  etono  flgwoa  of  angels,  no  doubt 
coeval  with  tbe  building  itself.  No- 
ti(!e  on  ottttide,  pilasters,  bases  and 
caps,  and  (sbam)  arches,  cuf  oil  of  the 

On  the  summit  of  Tory  or  Torr  Hilt, 
to  1.  of  St  Laurence,  are  the  ruins  of  a 
Peep,  chape]  (restored),  dedicnted  to 
tbe  Blessed  Viririn  Mary,  just  above 
the  "lady  well,"  whicb  supplies  the 
town  with  water.  From  here,  the  ar- 
chieologist  sbonld  cross  Barton  Bridj^ 
and  visit  Barloit/arm,  i  m.,  lamous  for 
ita  gigantic  barn,  of  tbe  14th  cent. 

The  town  abounds  in  antique-loot- 
ing gable-frouted  houses,  built  and 
ra<)fed  with  stone.  The  most  remark- 
ablo  of  these  (conspicuous  from  the 
railway),  known  oa  the  Dufce's,  or 
KingtlOH  House,  wa«  built  by  one  of 
the  lamily  of  SaU,  rich  clothiers  here. 
It  is  a  noble  specimen  of  the  Jacobean 
style,  with  an  excess  of  window,  ara- 
besque battlements,  and  classical  de- 
tails. .  Tbe  small  building  on  the 
bridge  over  the  Avon  is  said  to  have 
been  a  chapel. 

Ill  the  neighbourhood  of  the  town 
ate  many  pleasant  valleys,  especiEilly 
that  of  the  Aiiim,  embosomed  in  lofty 
hills.  A  short  ride  bj;  railway  (or  the 
path  by  the  canal)  will  bring  jou  to 
Preshford,  Limpley  Stoke,  or  ClaverUm, 
three  of  the  pret^est  spots  in  the 
Avon  Valley. 

4  m.  N.E.  of  Biadford  is  Mo^Mm 
Farleigli,  on  very  high  ground  above 
tlie  valley  of  the  Avon,  commanding  a 
magnificent  panoramic  prospect.  The 
best  points  of  view  are  a  clump  of 
trees  Known  as  FarUigh  Glnmp,  and 
tlie  Proiped  Toieer,  erected  by  Mr. 
Wade  Brown,  on  the  top  of  the  pre- 
cipitous bill  above  Bradford. 

Monkton  Forieigh  was  the  seat  of  n 
Cluniac  priory,  founded  1125,  of  which 
oldy  scanty  traces  remain. 

In  the  outhouses  behind  the  man- 
mon  (onco  the  residence  of  Lord 
Wobb  Seymour)  are  some  lancet  win- 


!  several   stone 


dows,   and    tliere   i 
effigies. 

The  Mbntu'  Conduit,  a  small  Btone- 
roofed  buildinji;,  lies  i  m.  H.W,  of  the 
house.  Tbe  Ch.  is  modem,  but  retains 
the  old  tower  and  a  Nonnau  door. 
Bishm)  Jewel  died  bet«. 

A  fine  avenue,  I  m.  long,  leads  from 
the  house  towards  8.  Wratliall. 

FarUigh  Cogile— 3  m.  8.W.  of  Brad- 
ford; 3i  m.  fKaa  Trouibridge;  9  ra.trvm 
Bath;  and  7  m.  from  Weiffmry—iM  a 
moat  interesting  object. 

Farleiqii  Ch,  and  part  of  the  village 
(inn:  Houlton  Arms)  stand  on  a 
ridge  above  U  and  above  the  river 
Frome.  The  Cattle  iteelE  is  prettily 
situated  above  a  deep  wooded  ravine, 
called  from  some  ancient  tradition 
Danes'  Ditch.  It  is  (except  the  chapel) 
a  complete  ruin,  consisting  of  frag- 
ments of  the  wall  and  of  2  towers  and 
a  gateway.  The  manor  of  Farleigh 
was  sold  to  tbe  Hungerford  tomily  in 
1639.  who  converted  tiie  mansion  into 
a  fortified  castle.  Tbe  ancestors  of  the 
present  owner  (— Houllon,  Esq,)  came 
into  possession  in  1T30.  Tbe  principal 
entrance  to  the  castle  was  to  the  3.E., 
where  the  ivy-clad  ohell  of  tho  gate- 
house remaine.  On  passing  through 
it  the  upper  court  is  entered  contain- 
ing Uie  guard-rooms,  stables,  Aa.  ; 
fronting  rt.  are  the  ahapel,  and  the  2 
remaining  of  the  4  towers  of  the  loirer 
or  inner  <»url,  where  the  halutable 
part  of  the  castle  was  situated.  Tha 
principal  front  faced  E.,  rising  directly 
from  the  edge  of  the  knoll. 

The  Cliapel  (gei  hey  at  Houlton 
Arms  Inn),  within  the  inner  court, 
originally  the  parish  ch.,  56  ft.  by 
19  ft.,  though  for  some  time  sadly 
neglected  and  spoiled,  has  been  ro- 
slorcd,  and  is  now  carefully  preserved. 
It  consiata  of  nave  and  chantry  chapel, 
and  is  full  o(  ancient  relics — armour, 
&e.  The  monuments  to  the  Hungerford 
family  are  especially  interesting.  The 
crypt  or  fault  under  the  chantry  chapel 
is  entered  from  the  outside.  An  iron- 
barred  gate  protects  the  entrance,  and 
the  visitor  can  see  through  this  tho 
coffins  within. 

Tho  Parish  Ch.  (Bt.  Leonard's;,  built 
1448,  is  a  plain  Perp.  building. 


BnAlNTREE—BRECOHt. 


2  m.  from  yarleigh,  1  m.from  Fresli' 
ford  Stat.,  by  n  pretty  footpath,  are  tlu 
riiinfl  of  the  Carthuaiau  Priory  of 
Siaton  Charierhoute.  founded  1282. 
Tlie  remains  conaist  chiefiy  of  2  de- 
tached biiildiuga,  originally  connected 
by  a  cloister.  One  of  theae,  now  used 
DH  a  Bforo  shed,  with  quarried  roof, 
painted  doorway,  and  lancet  windoirB, 
13  supposed  bi  bavG  been  Ihe  rhaptei- 
botue.  The  other,  which  is  beautifully 
ooTered  with  ivy,  contains  the  retec- 
torr  and  dormitory,  also  a  tliird  loom, 
with  larg^n  stone  nre-plooe,  flanked  by 
Norman  columns. 

Bradinq,  see  Wiijki,  leU  of. 

Brasvtell,  see  Malilon. 

Bratntree  (Essex).  Stnt.  G.  E. 
BIy.,  either  pia  Witlmm  June,  or 
Bialiop'sStottfonl.  Jniu.'  'White Hart; 
Horn.  A  towii  once  a  seat  of  tlio 
Bishops  of  London ;  it  was  erected 
into  a  dislioot  parisli  in  the  lUth 
cent.  The  manufacture  of  silk  and 
crape  occupies  nearly  1000  liQUds. 
N.  of  Braiatree  ia  Backing.  The  tiro 
towns  are  neatly  united,  and  form  one 
long  street.  Tlie  Ch.  (late  Dec,)  has  a 
irood  masaiTO  W.  tower  (Perp.),  well 
deserving  notice  for  its  detail  and  pro- 
portions. There  is  a  fine  S.  porch,  of 
2  bavs,  with  windows.  Tiic  Church 
and  Hall  of  BradweU.  i  ni.  E.,  are 
interesting.  5  m.  8.W.  of  Braintree 
is  LUGe  Leighs,  where  stood  a  priory 
of  Augustininu  canons,  founded  about 
1230.  The  priory  was  converted  by 
Baron  Rich  [crented  1517)  into  a 
niticeut  palace,  with  a  park  of 
acres.  At  the  eud  of  the  last  centuiy 
the  house  was  sold  to  Guy's  Hospital 
snd  pulled  down,  except  a  fine  brick 
gnteumy  (dating  from  1458  to  1485) 
with  tonking  turrets  and  chimneys, 
a  porter's  lodge,  and  a  pnrt  of  the 
quadrangle,  now  a  farmhouse.  The 
'tndgo  and  details  of  the  gateway 
fioe,  and  well  deserve  attention.  1 
orip-iiial  doors  remain.  In  the  Ck.  of 
LiOk  Leighi  (about  2  m.  from  the 
Priory)  is  the  effigy  of  apricBt  wearing 
UkO  ctichariatic  Testments.  It  ia  carved 
in  oak,  and,  except  tbntof  the  Abhotof 
D«leyinAllSnintB'Cliurcli,Dcrby,iB 
the  only  ancient  example  of  a  woodou 
ccclednstical  efilgy  in  the  kingdo 


Brahbeh,  see  Shoreliai 

ITIff, 


d  SUsii- 

Uraufield,  sec  BnlfncorOt. 

Brasckpetb,  see  Biihop  Auckland 
and  Durham. 

Braadon  (Norfolk),  Stat  Gt. 
Eastern  BIy.  Imu:  Bam;  George. 
A  market  town  celebrated  fbr  the 
warrens  in  its  neighbourhood,  one  ot 
whieh  is  said  to  aond  40,000  ivbbitB 
annually  to  London.  The  chipping 
nf  ifun  fiinte  once  occupied  sonta 
hunilred  hnads. 

At  Wediiui  Hall  (Wm.  Angerstcin. 
Esq.),  2  m,  N.  of  Bmndon,  is  a  ftne 
gallery  of  pictures.  In  the  Park  ate 
tllo  ruins  of  the  Cb.  ot  St.  Mary,  and 
a  castle  built  by  the  "liarl  de  War- 
renne,"  who  came  over  with  the  Con- 
queror. Near  Weeting  is  a  mound 
atid  ditch  sevenil  miles  long  called 
Fondyke,  and  not  far  from  it  a  collec- 
tion of  pits,  within  an  ohlon;;  embank- 
ment, supposed  to  hare  been  a  British 
village,  and  called  GHmet  Grave*. 
The  Ch.  at  NorOtwi^a.  G  m.  N.  of 
Writing,  contoLUS  a  remarkable  Eostet 
sepulchre. 

Bbahdom,  St.,  see  BiAap  AackUmd. 

Brjinscohbe  Mouth,  sc<.i  Seaton  and 
SidmoaUi. 

Brat,  see  MaiUfiihcad. 

BuAYTON.  aee  Sfilin. 

Bbbamobe,  see  Saii^anj. 

Vreirou  (Brecknocksh.).  Stat. 
G.  yf.  BIy.,  181  m.  from  London 
via  Hereford  and  Three  Cocka  June. 
Iiiit':  *'aistle;  Wellington.  The  town 
id  charmingly  situated  on  the  Usk, 
where  2  smaller  streams,  the  Honddu 
and  TareL  pout  into  it.  About  5  m. 
S.  ore  the  twin  peaks  of  tlio  Beacons, 
the  highest  2g(>2fL  above  the  sea- 
good  view  of  the.se  from  garden  of 
Castle  H.  The  ascent  occupies  about 
S  hra.  Excellent  ealmon  and  trout 
fishing  may  be  bad  in  the  Usk 
and  Wye,  and  particulars  and  tickets 
may  be  obtained  at  the  hotels. 
Boats  may  be  hircil  on  Xlangorae 
Lake,  5  m.,  for  pike  and  perch 
fishing.  Thu  lake  is  full  of  fish, 
aamc  of  enormous  uze,  Tlio  (^tlo 
Hotel  occupies  the  silo  of  tlio  old 
fortress  founded  by  Newmarch,  a 
Norman  baton,  wiHiin  which  tho  union 


59 


BREDON—BBESTWOOD. 


of  the  riTnl  hooBes  of  York  and 
Lancaster,  and    the   scheme  for  de- 

throriing  crook-backed  Riclianl,  were 
concoctel  between  SlaObrd  Duke  of 
Buckingham  and  Morton  Bishop  of 
Ely.  There  are  scimtj  remains  in  tlie 
garden  of  the  hotel.  A  little  to  N.  of 
the  CastU,  on  rt.  bnnk  of  the  Honddu, 
Htftuds  the  Friary  Ch.  of  SI.  John  (re- 
stored by  Sir  G.  G.  Scott).  Tbeteiaa 
curiotu  Norman  font  Pass  through 
eh.-jd.  into  picturesque  Priory  Grove. 
At  the  Shoulder  of  Mutton  Inn, 
High-street,  Mrs,  Siddons  was  bom, 
1755.  Very  pleasant  walks  are  laid 
out  on  the  banks  of  both  the  Usk 
and  the  Uonddu.  A  bridge  of  7 
arches,  oomtonnding  a  beautiful  view, 
spans  the  Usk  and  connects  Iho 
town  with  the  suburb  of  lAanfaei 
on  the  S.  side.  About  14  in.  S.E. 
following  the  direction  of  the  Ush 
is  Criekhcinell  (Bear  Hold),  where 
there  is  capital  salmon  and  trout  tish- 
ing  both  above  and  below  the  town. 
Near  tbe  W.  extremity  of  the  town 


i  landscape  of  extreme  benuty. 
A  long  bridge  leads  across  tbe  Usk  to 
Llangattoc,  1  m.,  witli  a  fine  old  Ch. 
and  picturesque  di.-yii.  On  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  river  a  very  pretty 
walk  may  be  taken  to  Uangenan,  'i  m,, 
where  the  well  of  St.  Cenan  (same  as 
St.  Keyne,  who  has  a  well  in  Cornwall) 
was  once  femoiia.  By  all  means  visit 
the  tittle  Ch.,  and  walk  thence  up  the 
dingle  to  LUmbedT.  G  m.  further,  in 
a  dell  to  I.  of  the  Sugar  Loaf,  is  Fatri- 
ihovi  Ch.,  worth  visiting ;  and  thence, 
crossing  the  bridge  over  tbe  Gwryney, 
follow  a  bridle-path  to  UatAhony 
Abbey,  about  6  m.  (see  Abergavenny). 
It  is  about  6  m.  by  direct  road  between 
Crioktiowell  and  Abergavenny.  IHl- 
lartcee  tw  rail  from  Brecon. — Hereford, 
37  m. ;  BuiUh,  24  m. ;  Tal-y4lyn  June. 
3J  m. ;  Merfkyr,  24  m. ;  Nevtb,  33  m. 

nredon  (Gloucest.).  Stat.  Mid- 
land Bly.  The  Ch.  ia  one  of  the 
tlneat  Middlc-Fointcd  buildings  in 
^England  with  rich  Nerman  doorways 
and  nave.    Over  the  N.  Nonnan  porch 


and  spire  are  161  ft.  ^(yaaiatnta! 
(a)  to  Prideani,  Bp.  of  Worcester, 
1650;  (b)  canopied  tomb  to  G.  Beed, 
wife  and  children,  1610;  (c)lnch.-yd. 
an  unique  example  of  a  coped  high 
tomb.  Near  the  ch.  is  a  Ilth-cent. 
Tiilie  Barn,  Ibe  interior  divided  by 
pillars  into  nave  and  aisles.  ExcuTtioa 
to  BredoH  HiU,  960  ft.— a  oharactei- 
isiic  oolite  nod  lias  outlier  of  tlie 
Cotswold  range — liom  whence  there  is 
a  superb  view  of  the  Malvern  ranges. 
The  summit  ia  occupied  bj  a  donbty 
intrenched  tamp,  supposed  to  have 
been  formed  by  O.  Sonpuia.  Withiu 
its  trenches,  see  the  "  Bambury  Stone," 
an  isolated  mass  of  oolitic  rock. 

Bbeedon,  see  Aghhy-de-la-Zoach. 

Bkeedon  Bulwarks,  see  Itdboame, 

Brrmbili,,  see  Coiiw. 

Bkendon,  see  Lyntnn. 

Bbent  (Eest  and  South),  see  Bam- 

Brentford  (Middlesex)  has  3 
Slats. :  Kew  Slat,  of  the  L.  &  S.  W. 
Bly.  (Windsor  Loop  Line ;  serving 
also  for  the  N.  London,  and  the  L.  C. 
&  Dover  lines):  Brentford  StaL  in 
Boston-hine ;  and  the  G.  W.  Bly.  Slat 
at  Brentford  End.  Inni:  Onstle,  in 
Hi^h-street ;  Star  and  Garter,  by  Kew 
Bridge. 

The  town  lies  on  the  I.  bank  of  the 
Thames,  6  m.  from  Hyde  Park  Comet, 
and  is  divided  into  Old  and  New 
Brentford. 

Old  Brentford  Ch.  (St.  Oeoi^)  is  a 
mean  building,  erected  about  1770. 
The  only  noteworthy  thing  in  it  la 
the  altar-piece,  presented  to  the  oh. 
by  the  artist,  J.  ZoSikny,  B.A. 

In  the  neighbourhood  are  pleasant 
walks  and  fine  buildings.  The  ground* 
of  Siou  House  (see  ItUworih)  are 
only  divided  from  the  town  by  the 
Brent,  and  there  is  a  public  Ibotpath 
across  them  to  Iiletitorlh,  In  Boston- 
lane,  i  m.  N.W.  of  Brentford  Stat, 
is  Bo«eon  Bouie,  1622  (Orf.  E.  J.  8. 
Clitherow).  Tlie  interior  has  some 
richly  carved  fireplaces  and  decorated 
plaster  ceilings.  There  is  a  pleasant 
walk  to  Olterky  Fark  (see  SoumioK'). 

Breotwood  (Essex),  Stat.  Gt 
E.  Bly,,  IS  m.  from  London,  innt: 
White  Hart ;  Chequers  ;  Eeaex  Arm* ; 


BBIDOnoRTS—BBWa  WATER. 


59 


Lion  »nd  Lamb.  Tliu  tomi  is  ou  the 
highwRir  io  ChelTDsford  and  Maldon. 
anil  stands  on  high,  sround  in  the 
midat  of  Bomo  of  the  nest  Bcenery  in 
theoonnfy^a  In  the  Bigh-Btreet  is  tbe 
old  Aitiie-Home  (EliKabetban),  with 
fine  omameDtol  gables  and  barge- 
board.  It  ia  now  a  butcher*!  shop, 
bnt  is  k«>t  in  repair  hj  the  town. 
Thejold  Petp.  Cb.  nwir  it  is  now  a 
sehool.  Farther  E.  is  the  Grammar 
School,  foauded  1557.  1|  m.  S.  from 
ths  Btat.  is  ThorvdoaHall  (Lord  Peire), 
containing  acme  good  pttintinKS,  and 
a  fine  bnst  of  C,  J.  Pox.  The  gar- 
mentg  worn  by  Earl  of  Derwentwater 
oa  the  scaffbid  an  also  pregerred 
hare.  2  m.  R  of  T.  HaU  is  Warley 
Common,  the  view  ftom  which  is  very 
fine.  There  is  also  a  delightful  stntll 
N.W.  to  anditbroagh  8otUh  Weald 
Park,  1}  m. 

Sheitfield  Ch.,  about  1}  m.  N.  of 
Brentwood,  deserree  notice.  The  main 
arcade  is  of  wood,  and  the  columns 
have  tnonldedcapibtlB  andbasea  hewn 
out  of  solid  oak  tjeea  of  wonderful 
Boundneas.  The  Ch.  of  Monntneiting, 
2  m.  beyond  Shenfield,  rt.  of  the  rail- 
way,  is  of  rude  Dec.  character.  The 
capitals  of  its  circular  piers  should  be 
noticed,  and  the  curious  acningemenD 
of  the  timber  work  of  tlie  bell-cot. 

BaiDEKraKi  see  Cockermoulh. 

BamEHTow,  see  Dartmoor. 

BRmoEND,  Bee  Cardif. 

BriOniortli  ( Salop )— Stat, 
Gt.  W.  ffly.  (Severn  Valley  Ely.) 
Inns:  Crown;  Swan— both  in  High- 
Btrset;  Sqoirrel,  St,  Mary'a-street — is 
a  pictaiesqae  old  town  on  a  cliff 
180  ft.  high,  rL  bank  of  the  Severn, 
which  divides  the  High  &om  the  Low 
Town,  connected  by  a  Bridge  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  place.  On  the 
top  of  the  cliif  (near  the  station)  arc 
the  remains  of  the  Cattle,  built  1098, 
and  demolished  in  the  Civil  War. 
The  Terraee  Walk  around  it  commands 
a  bvelj  vie*.  There  are  several  half- 
timberm  old  hoaie»,  including  the 
Psnonage,  tiie  Swan  Imi,  the  Uram- 
mar  School  (1S03),  and  the  houM  (re- 
stoie^  in  whioli  Bp.  Percy,  author  of 
the  '  BeliqaBs,*  was  bcim.  In  the  new 
red  Modrtone  locfc  an  man;  cellars. 


and  a  passage  20  ft  deep  fVom  Upper 
to  Lower  Town. 

ExciirtioHt.~3  m.  on  Wolverhamp- 
ton toad  to  Worfield  Ch.,  containing  a 
canopied  altar-tomb,  and  bnuMt  to 
the  llromley  family.  Follow  np  the 
valley  of  the  Worf  to  the  Badger 
Dingh,  a  lovely  walk.  The  Ok.  (12th 
cent.)  at  Badger  contains  some  exqnf- 
site  monununtta  by  Flaxman,  Chantrey, 
and  Gibson.  }  b.'s  ride  by  rail  from 
Bridgnorth  is  Buildwas  June.  ( Jnn  .- 
Bridge^,  close  to  which  are  the  ruins 
of  the  Cisleroian  Abbey  (Buildifot 
Abbey),  founded  by  Boger  de  Clinton 
in  12th  cent  The  remains  of  this  once 
cTOcifonn  ch.  oonaia  t  of  the  walla,  nave, 
and  chancel,  which  has  E.-E,  aedilia. 
The  chapter-house  is  a  parallelogram, 
vaulted  in  9  compartments.  The  ab- 
bot's house  (roatored)  contains  amhn- 
latory,  chapel,  and  large  hall,  of  the 
I3th  cent.,  with  ceiling  of  oak  nnd 
Spauifh  chestnut.  The  doorway  nnd 
moulded  windows  are  good  Norm. 
1  m.  N.  to  Leighton  ch.,  which  baa 
efflgy  in  mail  armour  of  Sir  T. 
Leigliton.  1815.  There  la  good  trout 
and  grayling,  alio  pike  fishing  (free) 
at  Buildwas.  Permission  to  flsb 
in  Dudmaston  Pool  can  be  obtained 
from  the  bailiff,  Worf  Brook.  Other 
Eicurtiom  from  Bridgnorth  are  (o)  to 
the  district  formerly  occupied  by  Mor/ 
Forett,  8}  m.,  pasaing,  1  m..  Qvalford 
Ch.  (14t1i  cenL)  and  Danish  camp; 
(b)   atorviUe  village   and    ch.   (12tll 

BtridrwaMr  (Somerset.>  Stat., 
Ot.  W.  Bly.  Jnna .-  Royal  CUrence  H. ; 
Railway  H.;  White  Hart;  Bristol 
Arms;  Golden  Ball.  This  is  a  very 
ancient  town  of  note  before  the  Con- 
quest, and  the  birthplace  of  Admiral 
Bloke  and  late  Bp.  Philpott.  It  is 
aeat«d  on  the  banks  of  the  Barrett, 
G  m.  in  a  direct  line  from  the  sea,  and 
12  m.  by  the  course  of  the  river,  on 
the  borders  of  a  marshy  plain,  which 
stretches  from  the  Mendip  to  the  Qnan* 
fock  Hills  (see  Taunton).  It  is  con- 
nected bj  an  iron  bridge,  said  to  be  the 
Srat  cast,  with  a  suburb  called  EatUner, 
bamt  by  Fairfai  after  the  storming  and 
Borrender  of  tbe  town,  at  the  time  of 
the  Great  Bebellion  in  1645. 


JtBIDGWATER. 


There  are  2  good  Reading-roong, 

Xlied  with  daily  papers,  periodi- 
.  &o.,  open  free  to  the  public. 

The  Ch.  of  St.  ISarv  Magdalene,  a 
latge  structure  of  red  atoue,  with  a 
sleuder  epire  174  ft.  hij^h,  ig  priuci- 
pully  remarkable  for  a  large  pictiire 
over  the  altar,  repreeenting  the  De- 
Bcent  tinm  t!ie  Cross.  It  vrna  found 
on  board  a  captured  Fieticli  privateer, 
and  was  presented  bv  the  Lite  Uoii. 
A.  Foulett.  Its  value  cannot  bo 
.  eatimnted,1;ut  it  is  insiued  far  10,0001. 
Tlio  late  Empetor  NicholKS  of  ItUBsia 
viaited  the  eh.  specially  to  nee  it,  and 
offered  any  amount  for  it.  The  N. 
porcli  ia  a  fine  apectmen  of  the  Geo- 
metrical a trie. 

The  bdtutiral  modem  Ck.  of  St. 
John  is  iu  the  Bubuib  of  Eostover, 
end  was  built  in  1846  by  the  Rev. 
I.  M.  Oipes,  at  a  cost  of  10,0001. 

£tna-tauare,  once  the  Castle  Baily, 
behind  the  Clarence  Hotel,  waa  the 
site  of  Bridswater  Castle,  built  1202, 
but  long  since  destroyed.  Caelle  Field 
is  memorable  as  the  spot  on  which 
Honmouth  encamped  before  the  fatal 
flght,  1685.  Sedgemoor,  (ho  sccno  of 
Monmouth's  defeat,  is  a  long,  narrow 
tract  of  bnd  S.  of  Folden  Hill. 

The  Harlcel  Route  Inn  is  a  relio  of 
anuent  daya. 

The  Bath  Brick  WoTk$  are  by  the 
river^de,  abont  }  ra.  above,  and  }  m. 
below  the  bridge;  this  town  being 
the  only  place  in  the  world  where 
these  Riiides  are  made.  They  are 
formed  of  a  peculiar  mixture  of  elav 
and  EBud,  wlitch  the  flood  and  ebo 
tides  deposit  in  turn,  at-  tbe  abore- 
samed  points. 

The  Bon  or  Eager,  the  tidal  wave 
which  ruehes  up  tbe  Parrett  on  the 
flood  of  spring  tides,  is  a  phenomenon 
common  to  tlie  Severn  and  other 
rivers,  where  the  rise  and  fall  is  very 
conaideiablo,  and  the  channel    con- 

Okiltmt  Friory,  a  small  building, 
formerly  furnished  as  a  museum, 
5i  m.  on  tlie  road  to  Glasloabury, 
atanda  on  Cock  Itill,  a  narrow  ridge 
along  wliich  the  road  runs,  commaod- 
iug  on  oach  side  the  moet  oxteDsivo 
and  inlerceting  views. 


Boaer  Farm,  in  the  porish  of  Dar- 
leigk,  3  m.,  is  an  interestiDg  old 
manor-house  on  a  small  scale,  with  a 
polished  oak  roof  A  beantifu]  drive 
may  be  taken  through  Spvton.  where 
is  tbe  Agapemone,  or  abode  of  Lo^ 
founded  by  one  named  Prince;  and  np 
Coekereombe,  a  romantic  and  well' 
wooded  ravine,  to  the  top  of  the 
Quantof^  whence  the  traveller  can 
descend  tu  Crtncanohe,  or  return  to 
Bridgwater  tbrougli  Nether  Stoweij. 

At  Oiedmij  Ch.,  3  ra.  E„  a  pre- 
Reforraation  altars]  oth  is  preserved, 
discovered  a  few  years  since  beneath 
the  pulpit,  where  it  had  been  thrust 
away  some  3  centuries  since.  Tliete 
is  also  a  Band-slono  in  one  of  tlie  but- 
tresses where  the  axes  were  sharpcDed 
for  the  battle  of  Sedgemoor. 

Middlesou,  0  m.  S.E.,  has  a  C%. 
with  a  rich  tower  and  Dec  chauceL 
3  m.  S.W,  is  North  Fetherton,  which 
has  a  fine  Ferp.  ch.  of  true  Somerset- 
shire  type,  with  a  remarkable  ornate 

Athetney,  next  Stat,  to  Duraton 
Junc.ia  celebrated  as  the  place  where 
K,  Alfred  received  the  scolding  for 
allowing  the  cakes  to  burn  (the  spot 
is  now  railed  off). 

There  are  2  riutds  from  Bridgwater 
ioWtiliton  for  Ltfnton,  &c,,one  17}  m^ 
paaaine  the  Quantocks  by  the  sea ; 
the  other,  20  m.,  crosaing  tbe  Qnaa- 
tocks  near  their  S.  termination,  and 
skirting  their  W.  slopes.  By  the 
former  we  come  to,  4  m,  Canntnjjton, 
BBJd  to  be  the  birthphilce  of  "  Fair 
Kosamond,"  and  beyond  which,  on  rL, 
is  Brymore  Hoate  (Hon.  P.  Bouverie), 
where  "  King  Pym"  of  tbe  Long 
Parliament  lived ;  and,  4}  m.  &rther 
on,  AetAer  Btmeey,  some  time  the 
residence  of  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge. 
Oner  Slotcey  is  the  beet  headquarters 
for  exploring  the  Quantock  range,  to 
which  2  or  3  days  luay  be  very  agree- 
ably devoted.  1.  of  Hot/ord,  2i  m. 
t>evoDd  N.  SCowey,  is  Alfoxdtn  (or 
Alfoxton)  Houee  (L.  St.  Albyn,  Esa.X 
Wordsworth's  home  iu  1707,  and  tlie 
accno  of  the  famous  pic-uic  party  of 
the  two  WMdswortha,  Coleridge,  and 
Cottle.  Near  it,  oa  the  sea-stiore,  is 
the  little  village  of  Kilve,  whora  tlie 


liHIDUNGTON  QUAY. 


HI 


"W.  Sotaenet  foiboqnds  tie  tennelled. 
Ihence  1}  m.  to PudAom,  St.AudrUt, 
H  m.,  and  beyond,  3}  m.,  WiUiton  ia 
readied.  Ttie  loagui  rood  to  Witliton, 
Dud  perbapa  tiie  mora  picturesque  of 
the  two,  runs  for  above  5  m.  through 
ftn  unduliitiog  country,  rasBJng,  10  m.. 
Coi]teltUnie,aaA,  15  m.,  CrowcO'iibe  (aee 
Taunton).  Cuew  Amis  Inn.  Fm- 
ceeding  from  Wath/ord  (see  abo 
Taunton),  a  eteep  ascent  by  side  of 
Dnnster  Tor  brings  tlio  touiiet  to 
Ihiniler,  4}  m,  (Jitn;  Lnttrell  Arms) 
— see  nlso  Lijntmi — an  aoeieiit  and 
]iizhly  picturesque  town,  in  tiin  midst 
of  Deautiful  eoenery,  where  the  tourist 
would  do  well  to  halt  fur  Eome  days 
to  explore  the  neighbourhood.  The 
chief  points  of  interest  ate  Duntter 
Cattle  and  Park;  lie  view  from  Groi- 
hartt  HM ;  the  mins  of  CUce  A\^y 
(eee  Taunton);  Blae  Anchor,  ^  m., 
a.  charmmg  litUe  watering-place,  with 
a  gond  Inn  anil  a  few  lodging-houses ; 
and  (see  Ljnton)  Mineh^d,  Porloek, 
Cuibone,  and  Dunkery  Beacon.  The 
fisherman  will  And  in  the  little  river 
Bone  front  and  eels,  and  near  the  sea, 
salmon  nod  mnltet.  In  Btinster  the 
Gh.,  bnUt  circ.  1499,  the  LuttTeU 
Arms  Inn,  a  veiy  old  building,  liaviiig 
within  some  highly  iuterestiug  earr- 
ings, and  the  Yam  .Sfari^  an  anciODt 
pictareaquo  structure  of  wood,  are 
especinlly  worth  notice.  The  Catth, 
the  andent  seat  of  the  Mohnna  and 
of  the  Lultrelis,  was  built  in  12th 
cent.,  in  oppodtion  to  King  Stephen, 
It  may  be  seen  during  absence  of  tbe 
family;  tbe  grounds  on  any  week 
day.  Chas.  II.  visited  it  when  Col. 
Wyndham  was  governor ;  it  was  sur- 
rendered to  Blake  hi  1G46,  and  Wrd. 
Piynne,  member  of  the  Lon^  Parlia- 
ment, was  confined  here  by  Cromwell 
in  1C4S.  Both  within  and  vrithont 
the  castle  there  is  much  to  be  seen  of 
extreme  interest  to  tbe  stranger,  and 
a  trip  to  the  Park  atone  will  aflbrd  a 
vetj  pleasant  day's  outing.  Or(Mur»t 
Sill  (906  ft.)  should  be  ascended  for 
the  sake  of  the  iqagiiificent  view. 
ttom  the  turnpike  on  the  Timbers- 
combe  (pron.  immeroomlie)  mail,  a 
path  leads  to  the  summit.  A  beauti- 
ful drive  can  be  taken  from  Dunster 


through  Timbersoranbe,  Gon^e  Crass, 

and  Luiboioagh,  to  Cleve  Abbey  and 
Wasbford,  returning  Ihroi^h  Car- 
hampton.  From  Dunator  to  Z>ulr«rti>», 
14  m.  S.,  is  one  of  the  most  ri^^nantic 
drives  in  the  country.  Minehead  (see 
Lgnton)  is  '2J  m.  N.  of  Dunster. 

BrldliDr*on  ^uay  (York- 
shfre).  BtaL,  Q.  N.  Ely.,  215}  m.  from 
London.  The  distance  from  ifuU  is 
35}  m. ;  from  York,  59J  m. ,-  and  fmn 
Scarborough,  about  23  m..  via  Seamw 
June.  Inn* .-  'AJexandrB,  well  situa- 
ted close  to  N.  pier,  which  onmmaDds 
a  fine  view  of  Flamboro'  Hetid; 
Britannia. 

An  omnibus  runs  from  the  station, 
which  is  about  half-way  between  the 
old  town  of  Bridlington  (geoemlly 
pran.  "Burlington"!  and  the  modem 
watering-place  of  Bridlington  Quay. 
Tlie  bay  forma  a  sheltered  harbour, 
and  is  occasionally  full  of  ships.  The 
sands  are  fine  and  dry,  and  there  is 
excellent  bathing.  Aboutim.N.W.of 
the  Quay  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  and, 
in  the  harbour,  a  spring  of  the  purest 
fresh  water.  Close  to  the  N.  pier  aro 
the  public  promenade,  news,  and  bil- 
'-"     *  (cost  80001.;.    During  the 

ers  frequently  make  day's 
Scarborough  and  Whilbj/, 
es  to  Humiea.  It  is  a 
pleasant  irulli  (between  6  and  7  m.) 
to  Flamborongh  village,  either  by  the 
cliff  or  shore.  The  return  may  be 
from  MarUm  Stat.  Queen  Henrietta 
Maria  landed  at  Bridlington,  20th  Feb., 
1G43.  and  took  ahelteraf  " 


Far  more  interesting  than  anything 
Bridlington  Qna<r,  and  ranking 
deservedly  among  the  most  important 
architectural  remains  in  the  county, 
la  the  Priori)  Ch.,  now  the  Parish  ch.  of 
the  old  town,  situated  about  1  m.  from 
the  Quay.  It  was  founded  for  Augus- 
tiuian  canons,  by  Walter  de  (^t 
(temp.  Hen.  I.}.  The  restoration  of 
the  building  was  completed  by  Sir 
G.  G.  Scott,  in  1857.  At  the  end  of 
nave,  which  forms  the  preseiit 
is  a  most  remarkable  coffln-lid 
□f  black  mariile.  probably  of  12th 
cent.  Outside  the  eh.,  observe  the  N. 
porch,  very  fine  E.  E. ;  alao  the  ex- 


BBIDPOST—BBIOHTLINOSEA. 


2ui8lte  floiab  of  the  lanoet  nindows. 
itber  chDrahu  in  tbe  veigliboarbood 
worth  tiatingexe  B,i  SudiUme  (restored 
1861),  5  m.,  pasaing  Bornton  Hall. 
AdjoiDmg  the  N.B.  end  of  the  chaiicel 
ia  a  remarkable  rude  stone  —probablj' 
a  Celtic  menhif— one  of  the  largeBt 
BtaDding-BtoaeB  known  in  Great  Bri- 
tain. The  drive  borne  may  be  through 
Barton  Agnea,  where  the  cIl,  restored 
by  Atchdeacou  Wilberforee,  and  the 
Hall  (Bit  Henry  Boynton,  Bart.),  a 
very  fine  example  of  Jamee  I.  reign, 
are  well  worth  visitinf;.  A  plea- 
sant walk  of  2  m.  along  the  cliff 
N.  of  BrtdlingtoQ  Quay  leads  to 
modem  (Nona.)  oh,  of  Seioeriy.  From 
Marlon  li^laL  (S  min.  ride  from  Brid- 
lington), an  omnibus  for  Flatnhorough 
meets  some  of  tlie  trains.  In  the 
season,  however,  there  are  ofDeu  fax 
moru  YiiitorB  than  the  omnibns  con 
carry,  and  it  is  better  to  secure  places 
befnr^iand.  or  to  walk  (2  at.)  to  tbe 
village.  To  tbe  point  of  tbe  head- 
land is  2  m.  iarther.  Between  Martan 
and  tlie  village,  the  road  croises  tbe 
Danes'  Z>vA»,  a  strong  double  entrench- 
nent.  with  a  ditoh  and  cniious  "  breast- 
works," altogether  a  very  remarkable 
defensive  earthwork.  The  village,  a 
long  straggling  one  (HoteU:  Ship; 
•Thomwiok ;  and  NorUi  Star,  the  two 
last-named  close  to  the  cliff),  con- 
tains nothing  of  interest  but  its  Gh. 
(restored  1868).  There  is  a  very 
beautiful  screen  and  rood-loft  of  early 
part  of  16Ui  cent.  Observe  also  iu- 
icription  for  Sir  Uarmaduke  Con- 
stable. At  the  Inns  near  the  cliff 
will  be  found  (glides  for  the  N.  oaves, 
which  are  well  worth  seeing.  The 
finest  is  floW»  Lyth'i  Hole.  Near 
these,  at  tbe  N.  landing-place,  boats 
may  be  hired  for  passing  round  the 
H^td  ;  or  tbe  visitor  may  walk  along 
the  cliffs.  Abont  100  yds.  from  the 
edgBof  the  promonbsry,  1}  m.  from  tbe 
village,  is  the  Lighlboiae,  SO  ft.  Iiigh, 
and  2S0  ft.  above  the  sea.  Flamborotigh 
Head  is  probably  the  "  Ocellum  Pro- 
montorinm"  of  Ptolemy;  IVom  it  the 
sea-view  is  superb.  Tbe  fast  trains 
from  Bridlington  to  Filey  occupy  about 
i  hr.  In  the  season  a  four-horse  coach 
runs  daily  to  Scarborough. 


Brldport  (Dorset.).  8titt,G.W. 

Bly.  (i  hr.'a  ride  from  Maiden  Newton 
Juno,  on  the  Dotcheater  and  YeoFil 
Line).  Inn>;  •Bull;  Greyhound. 
The  antiquary  will  find  some  ancient 
houses  worth  a  visit.  The  chief  of 
these  is  a  fine  Tudor  building  of  2 
storeys,  now  used  as  a  "Working 
Men's  Association,''  on  the  E,  side  of 
tbe  a.  street.  On  the  apposite  side 
of  the  street  is  a  plainer  bnildinr, 
known  as  Dnngeneaa,  now  dilapi- 
dated,  said  to  have  been  the  honse 
of  the  Prior  of  St.  Ijoonwd's.  It  has 
a  newel  staircase,  and  its  interior 
arraagements  are  very  interesting. 

The  Quay  is  2  m.  distant,  on  unin- 
teresting walk  till  the  shore  is  reached. 

The  coast  E.  and  W.  displays  an. 
excellent  geological  section.  At  the 
harbour  the  Ghesil  beach  begins  [see 
PortlaMl). 

There  is  a  pleasant  walk  over  the 
hills,  rotntning  by  the  cliffs  or  along 
the  shore  to  Bvrlon  Bradglook,  3  m. 
8.E.  ofBridport 

The  market  town  of  Beamintler 
(Inn ;  "White  Hart)  lies  deeply  B^t«d 
umong  the  hills,  in  tbe  beautiful  and 
fertile  vale  of  the  Birt  (6  m.  N.). 

The  Ch,  is  a  noble  building,  with 
rich  memorial  windows  of  stained 
gloss.  It  is  Porp.  eiteruaily,  with  a 
stately  square  tower,  c.  1503.  A 
curious  building,  called  the  "Mort 
House,"  adjoins  the  ch.,  and  has  been 
laid  open  to  it  and  seated,  A  coach 
runs  daily  to  CrewWne,  121  ni.,  by 
way  of  B^tminsler, 

Tbe  walk  or  drive  to  Lyme  Begis, 
8  m.  W..  is  very  attractive. 

BmOHSTON  (or  Brixton),  see  WigM, 

Brlirlitllnsrsea  (Essex), 

Stat,,  G.  E.  H!y.,  v!d  Colchester  and 
Wivenhoe  Junes.  Inn:  Swan.  This 
"  port "  was,  and  is,  a  member  of  the 
Cinque  Port  of  Sandwich,  It  is  now, 
Itir  the  most  part,  a  village  of  oystar 
fishers ;  the  wWe  of  the  "  Cokjiester" 
oysters  are  laid  here,  and  in  the 
neighbouring  creeks.  Tbe  Ch.,  ij 
m.  N.,  is  Perp.,  and  contains  a  mag- 
nificent monnment  to  the  Dorrien- 
Magens  family,  and  seven  brasses 
for    members    of   tlie  Beriff  family. 


noging  from  1496  to  157S.  Acroaa 
the  feny  froia  BrigfatUiifrwa  Stat., 
M>d  beytHkd  Bt  Oeyth's  Cieek,  lies 
the  Tillage  and  PHory  0/  SL  Otglk. 
This  place  was  giveu  by  Buthred, 
King  of  the  East  Angles,  to  hia  wife 
OsjUi,  who  (bunded  a  nnnnery  here. 
The  present  Paruk  Ck.  (dedicated  to 
8S.  Peter  and  Paul)  no  doubt  repie- 
KMits  St.  Oifth'a  building.  A  house 
of  Augnatiiuaa  caaons  was  founded 
here  before  1118,  b;  Richard  de 
Belmes,  Bp.  tJ  Loodon.  The  anoieut 
remains,  inoorpraated  with  modem 
buildings,  form  the  preaent  Priory. 
It  has  been  ttstored  by  tha  present 
ownur  (Sir  J.  H.  Johnson),  and  thi> 
collection  in  the  hon^  of  old  carvings 
and  of  Danish  and  Baltic  pottery  is 
well  worth  seeing.  A  lofty  galehouse, 
of  hewn  stone  und  flint  (apparently 
port  of  the  bishop's  late  Norm,  work), 
leads  into  a  qoadrangle,  of  vhiidi 
only  the  N.  side  is  wauting.  The 
gateway  to  the  farm  buildings  is  a 
remarkable  and  very  flne  instance  of 
a  circular-headed  gateway  of  the  Deo. 
period.  The  Lomberdy  poplars  in 
the  park  dispute  with  those  at  Henley 
the   claim  of  having  been   the  first 

filanled  in  Englaud.  Opposite  Bright- 
iDgsea  Stat,  on  the  S.  side,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Colne,  is  Menta  Idaad 
— 4^  m.  long  by  about  2  m.  broad — the 
largest  of  the  many  low  islands  which 
lie  off  the  coast  of  Eaaei,  There  was 
a  Bomaji  residence  01  small  station  of 
some  importance  at  Wett  Mertea,  the 
extreme  S.W.  point  of  the  island. 
Boman  pavements  and  foundations 
ai«  still  to  be  seen  ther«.  The  Ch.  of 
West  Henea  is  dedicated  to  SL  Peter 
and  St  Paul,  indicating  a  very  early 
foundation.  The  Pyejled  ohannel,  on 
the  N.E.  side  of  the  island,  is  famous 
for  its  oysters.  A  steamer  uow  plies 
la  Bummer-time  between  Brightling- 
sea  and  Harteich,  culling  at  Cloiiton 
and  FoHon. 

Brlirllfon  (Sussex),  Stat.,  L. 
B.  &8.  C.  Bly.,  51  m.  from  London; 
1  hr.  10  miu.  by  expi«sa  trains.  In 
summer-time,  a  roui-horse  coach  leaves 
the  Old  Ship  Hotel,  at  12  ttoou,  for 
London  (md  Patoham,  Alboume, 
Hickstead,  Haodcross,  Crawley,  P" 


gate,  SatloD,  TootiDK.  Balham,  and 
Clajdiam,  to  the  White  Horse  Cellar, 
PiocadillyX  Himday,  Wednesday,  aud 


15*.  eaoli  way.  Fop.,  within  the  par- 
liamentary boundaries  which  include 
Hove  and  Preston,  was.  In  1S71, 
103,760;  but  in  the  season,  October. 
Xovember.  and  Dooember,  tbii<  is  in- 
oKased  by  sMue  20.000  or  SO,Oav. 
Chief  Posla«M  is  in  Ship-sbneL 
Six  mails  daily  lo  Loodon.  the  last 
closing  at  10  r.ii. :  and  (bur  mails 
daily  /rom  London.  Frequent  mails 
are  also  made  up  daily  for  districts 
east  and  neat  of  Brighton.  The  prin- 
cipal HoUU  (mostly  situated  on  the 
sea  front)  are  the  Grand ;  Bedfon) ; 
Norfolk;  Koyal  York;  Albion;  Old 
Ship;  MarkwollB;Quoen's;Qilbuni'8; 
Albemarle;  Boyal  Ortrsoeat;  Bristol. 
The  private  hotels,  boeiding-housea, 
aud  lodging-houses,  are  very  nume- 
rous. The  principal  Baiht  are  Brill's 
(with  the  largest  circular  swimnting 
bath  in  Europe),  Hobden's,  and  Bug- 
gina' ;  there  is  also  a  superbly-fltted 
Turkith  both  (for  ladies  and  gentle- 
men). The  haUimg  madtiwtt  are  sta- 
tioned in  sets  for  ladles  and  jcentle- 
men,  at  intervals  along  the  beach, 
from  West  Hove  to  Kemp  Town. 
Pleasure  yachts,  and  sailing  and  row- 
ing boats,  are  at  all  times  available 
(weather  permitting),  and  ocoauonally 
good  ses-Hsbing  ma;  be  had. 

Brighton,   which    now  deserves  to 
be  styled  "  London-on-the-Sea,"  ' 


was  George,  Prince  of  Wales.  The 
principal  attraction  of  the  town  is  its 
raagntfioent  sea  front  (over  thr«e  miles 
in  extent),  available  for  both  prome- 
nade and  drive.  Tolheeastlfrom  the 
corner  of  the  Marino  Parade  to  Eemp 
Town)  the  diff  is  protected  byastrong 
aea  wall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  100,000^ 
Its  average  height  is  about  60  ft.,  and 
the  thickness  at  its  base,  23  n.  At  the 
comer  of  the  Marine  Parade  is  situ- 
ated the  Brighton  Grand  Aqwirium 
(the  lai^est  and  most  complete  in  the 
world),  which   was   opened  in   1872, 


a 


BHIGSTON. 


and  is  unquestionably  tho  most  nt- 
tJBOtive  place  of  rtsott  in  tlie  towD, 
both  with  resiiienU  and  viBitars. 

At  the  eastern  port  at  the  prome- 
nade, south  of  the  Aqnariuoi,  ia  the 
Chain  Pier,  a  picturesque  structure, 
erected  in  3S23,  at  a  cost  of  SO.OOOi. ; 
it  extends  into  the  sea  1186  ft.  OThe 
Weit  Pier  (opened  in  18GG)  is  situated 
opposite  Regency-square.  11  is  1115 
ft  in  leiigin,  iiiid  at  its  head  (vhich 
is  f^imiilied  with  ornamental  weather- 
screens,  *c.)  is  HO  ft.  in  width, 
band  perfonoB  daily  on  tlie  West 
Pier,  and  one  also  occasionally  on  the 
Chain  Pier. 

The  best  shops  are  on  the  King's- 
road  (facing  the  sea),  North-street,  and 
p:B6t-8tn-et.  There  are  nf  arly  eighty 
places  of  dirine  worship  in  the  town. 
Of  ihe  clinrclies,  the  most  ancient  and 
interesting  is  St  Sidiala»  (at  tho  top 
of  the  Down  end  of  Church-street), 
built  lemp.  Hemy  VII.,  restored 
1853-34.  It  contains  a  beautiful 
ruod'Edeen  (of  the  Lest  period  of 
the  Ferp.  style),  an  ancient  font, 
and  the  Wellington  Memoiinl,  a 
riohly-decoratedcros3,18ift.Ligh.  St. 
Peter')  (now  the  parish  church)  is  a 
Gothic  structnre  by  G.  Barry,  erected 
in  1821;  it  is  situated  at  Ihe  north 
part  of  the  town,  between  the  more 
northern  Steine  Enclosure  and  Letel. 
The  Cliapel  Boyal,  the  foundation- 
stone  of  which  WBB  laid  by  George, 
Prince  of  Wales,  in  1793.  The  royal 
pew  is  still  preserved. 

Near  tho  old  Steine  (which  in  tho 
palmy  days  of  the  Begeney  was  the 
only  place  of  fashionable  resort  in 
Brighton)  is  tho  Royal  Pavilion,  a 
unique  structure,  commenced  in  ViSi 
by  uie  Prince  of  Wales  (aubseqnently 
Geo.  TV,),  who  spent  immense  sums 
in  altering  and  extending  it,  and 
iu  decotating  and  fumisliing  the  in- 
terior. He  occupied  it  as  a  marine 
residence  down  to  1827.  William 
IV.  and  Queen  Adelaide  occasionally 
visited  it,  as  did  also  her  present 
Majesty ;  but  as  it  was,  by  reason  of 
the  jnvwth  of  the  town,  unsuitihl  for 
a  loyal  nuirioe  residence,  it  was  ulti- 
mately abandoned.  It  was  in  ISfiO 
purohased  by  the  town   for  5S,0Oai., 


and  tho  grand  suite  of  rooms  (their 
original  decorations  being  restored) 
have  since  been  used  for  public  balls, 
concerts,  &e.  The  Royal  Stables,  be- 
neatli  the  dome,  were  in  1867  con- 
verted into  a  splendid  Assembly 
lioom :  and  other  stables  and  offices 
adjoinini^  (built  for  Queen  Adelaide) 
have  been  converted  into  rooms  for 
the  Free  Ltbrari/,  MiueHia,  Picture 
Gallery,  &c. 

The  Theatre  ia  in  the  New-road, 
and  overlooks  the  western  portion  of 
the  Pavilion  Grounds.  Brighton  can 
boast  of  a  line  racecourse,  formed  on 
the  Downs,  to  the  north-east  of  the 
town;  the  grand  stand,  erected  iu 
1851,  cost,  wltU  subsequent  additions, 
nearly  11,0001.,  and  is  a  model  of 
the  kuid.  The  races  take  place  in 
tho  £rst  week  in  August  in  each 
year.  Good  hnnling  is  always  ob- 
tainable in  the  season  in  the  nejgti- 
bourhnod  of  Brighton,  the  packs  bein^ 
— the  Brighton  Hnrriers,  the  Brook- 
side  Harriers,  the  South  Down  Fox- 
hounds, and  Ihe  East  Sussex  Fox- 
bounds.  At  Hove,  thei'c  is  a  flno 
cricket  ground  and  skating  link. 
There  are  sevei'al  Clulie,  the  most  im- 
portant being  the  Union  Club,  near 
the  Bedford  Hotel ;  the  Brigldon  iVew 
Ohib-koiise — a  noble  building  at  tUo 
corner  of  Preston- street — was  opened 
1876. 

There  arc  more  than  160  boarding- 
schools,  aud  about  filty  day  schools  at 
Brighton. 

Erntm&ns,  —  Among  rides  and 
dnvcs  are  la)  the  Devirt  Dyke,  5} 
m.  N.W.  (public  conveyances  mn 
frequently  from  tho  comer  of  Ship- 
street,  &re  2s.),  which  is  one  of  Ihe 
finest  points  of  the  Downs,  and  com- 
mands grand  views  in  all  directions. 
There  is  a  comfortable  Jnn  on  the 
Dyke,  {h)  Poyniiigs  Ch.,  below  the 
Dyke,  N.,  and  5  m.  ttota  Brighton,  is 
early  Pe^,  and  of  much  interest,  (c) 
Fre^on,  2  m.  N.,  quiet  and  prettUy- 
idtuBted,  with  an  B.-F.  (%.  Observe 
on  wall  of  nave,  on  either  side  of 
chancel  arch,  some  indistinct  muml 
paintings,  representiug  on  one  side  the 
murder  of  Beckct,  on  the  other  St. 
JlicLacl  with  his  scales ;  thence  to 


BBIM8COMBE— BRISTOL. 


raU^tam  (If  m.  'S.),  wliere  the  Ch.  u 
a  carious  mixtuie  of  E.-E.,  Dec,,  and 
Perp.  work  ;  rehiniii^  b^  HoUing^xiry 
fb<Ue{I}m.8.B),oveilookiDgiS^nnier 
Fork  (Earl  of  Cliicbtstar'a),  (d)  To 
itoNingdean,  4  m.  E^  a  quiet  little 
wateriDFC-place,  with  a  good  Jnn. 
ThQ  clifis  between  Kemp  Town 
and  Bottiogdean  contain  occasional 
mnnnrn  of  i^careous  strata,  in  whicb 
are  muneioiiB  fossila.  ITcam  here  to 
NetrAanen,  5  m.,  the  pedestrian  maj 
either  keep  aloi^  the  load  at  top  of 
clifb,  or  may  descend  to  the  beaoh  at 
SaUdean  Gap,  1  m.  K,  where  the 
coastguard  will  tell  liim  the  state  of 
the  tide,  (e.)  Over  and  among  the 
Downs,  via  Devil's  Djke,  to  Maritpier- 
point,  9  m.,  and  2}  m.  W.  of  the  Hae- 
sock^s  Gate  Stat  No  lover  of  pic- 
turesque scenery  should  leave  Brighton 
without  some  exploration  of  the  South 
Downs,  which  extend  53  m.  in  length, 
with  OD  averse  breadth  of  4^  tn.,  anc^ 
AD  average  height  of  abont  500  ft., 
the  highest  point  being  at  Ditchling 
Beacon  (858  ft),  due  N.  of  the  town 
(see    liitraduclion    to    Handbook  /or 

Diriatteei  and  time  oconpied  bj  lail- 
waj. — On  W.  aide,  Kingitonoa-Sea, 
9  m.  (20  min.);  SiMreham,  6  m. 
(about  2D  min,);  Worthing,  19  m. 
(20  min.  by  express);  Littlehampton, 
22J  m.,  md  Ford  June.  JIJ  hr.); 
Amndel  CaitU,  IJm,  N.  of  FordJu 
(about  50  min.);  Chicheder{  2Si 
Oa  E.  ride,  Newhaven,  50  min. ;  Seo- 
tbid.  1  hr. ;  Eaalboame,  1  hr. ;  Haxt- 
ingi,  Ij  hr.  On  N.W.,  Lew$,  i  he.; 
Tvtibridge  WelU,  1}  hr.;  Qoodwood, 
26  at.  (ihaylon  nearest  railway  sta- 

Brisstock,  see  Oundle. 
BniKHAK  Bocks,  see  Bipon. 
Brfmsvombe    (Gloucester.) 

—Stat.  (Jm.  from  yillage),  G.  W.  Ely. 
Jnn  ;  Tiotoria — is  a  popolooa  disfrict, 
dependent  on  the  West  of  England 
oloth-making.  The  scenery  of  "  the 
Golden  Vidley"  is  very  charming, 
and  it  is  a  superb  walk  to  Minchin- 
haraplon  (»ee),  IJ  m. 

Bbihkbdbn,  Bee  SoOJnay, 

Bristol  (City  and  Conoty  oO- 
Joint  Stat,  for  (a)  G.  W.  £Iy.  (Bristol 


A  Exeter  A;  S.  Wales  Union),  and  (b) 
Midi.  Bly.  (Bristol,  Birmingbam,  Bath, 
and Boomemouth),  Jjim;  "BcyalH., 
College-green,  about  I  m.  ftraa  station, 
and  close  to  Oathednl;  Grand  H.. 
late  White  Lion,  Bioad-street;  Qeorge, 
close  to  statimi. 

Jnn*  at  Cli/ton,  2  m.  off  (omnibus), 
on  the  high  airy  downs  ctoee  to  the 
suapension-farldge  and  grage  of  the 
Avon ;  the  Queen's  Hi,  near  Vic- 
toria Booms;  "Clifton  Down  H.; 
St.  Vinoent  Bocks  H. 

Britlol,  capita]  of  the  West  of  Eag> 
land,  a  very  ancient  city  and  seaport, 
was  for  centuries  second  to  London, 
and  still  carries  on  considerable  trade 
and  various  manufactures.  It  stands 
upon  the  Avon  at  its  junction  with 
the  Prome  about  7  m.  from  the  sea, 
but  ainoe  the  dianuel  is  intricate  and 
shallow  at  low  tide,  the  rivers  have 
been  expanded  into  basins  for  ship- 
ping, and  docks  have  also  been  opened 
since  1676  at  the  mouth  of  the  Avon, 
and  are  connected  with  Bristol  by 

The  bnsineaa  part  of  the  town  lies 
on  the  banks  of  and  between  the  2 

rivers,  and  the  oentre  of  it  is  at  the 
cTOflsiDg  of  4  streets :  E.,  Wine-street ; 
N., Broad-stteet i  8., High-street;  W., 
Corn-street.  Close  to  (his  are  the 
OuUdkall,  modem  Gothic,  the  £'z- 
chaTige  and  C<namercial  Rotrmi. 

On  the  heights  above  Bristol  is  the 
airy  suburb,  now  joined  io  it,  of  Clifton, 
consisting  chiefly  of  rows  and  terraces 
and  delaehed  villas,  residences  of  the 
citizens,  stretching  reund  the  fine  open 
space  of  Durdham  Downs,  which  is 
cjefl  abruptly  by  the  grand  gorge  of 
the  Avon,  500  ft.  deep,  crossed  ly  the 
chain  Suipemum  Bridge.  This  luidge 
and  the  views  near  i^  the  Cathedral, 
St.  Mar^  BedoliCfe,  and  soma  other 
churohes,  are  the  most  interesting 
sights  for  the  stranger  in  Bristol. 

Reddiffe  St.  Ma^e  Chvr^  is  about 
10  min.  walk  from  the  rly.  station, 
and  its  elegant  spire  rises  ttom  a  r  ock 
of  red  sandstone,  in  a  rather  dirty 
quarter  of  the  city.  It  is  decidedly 
one  of  the  moat  beantifnl  Gothic  parish 
churches  in  England,  and  has  been 
well  restored   by  Qodan'n.     It  owes 


its  eiiatence  to  the  merohant-prince 
of  Bmtol,  «ome  of  whom  are  buried 
within  it  It  ii  enteied  bj  a  porcli 
next  the  tower,  the  oatec  part  of  which 
is  a  Deo.  el^aot  bezagou,  the  inner 
portal  being  eqoally  elegant  E.  Eog. 
The  leat  of  the  eh.  ia  nearly  on  one 
unifbnn  plan  and  style  (Perp.),  not  to 
be  Bnrpnsaed  for  beauty  sad  lightness. 
The  roa&  of  the  nave  and  aisles  are 
elaborately  ornamented  with  minale 
traoery,  and  the  cAofr  haa  a  beautiful 
stone  reredos  illustrating  the  feeding 
of  the  SOW  by  our  Saviour.  Behind 
IB  the  Perp.  Lady  Chapel.  AfonumenCs 
—(a)  In  uie  8.  transept,  ia  Caaynmt, 
one  of  the  founders  of  Uie  oh.,  and  a 
great  merchant,  temp.  Ed.  IV. ;  (t)  in 
ttie  N.  aisle,  t«  the  Medea,  1475,  with 
winged  angels  between  the  arohea ; 
(o)  the  armour  of  Sir  William  Perm, 
1670,  father  of  Oie  Quaker,  hung  up  at 
W.  end  of  nave.  In  the  street  lead- 
ing from  the  stat.  to  the  bridge  is 
the  Temple  Ch.,  so  called  from  its 
founders,  the  Knight  TemplaiH,  and 
not  unlike — in  lb  airy  lightness 
and  pure  E.  Eng.  style — their  ch. 
in  Iioiulon.  Crosa  Bnttol  Bridge, 
W.  of  which  commenoaa  the  Doek*, 
formed  b;  the  channels  of  the  Avon 
and  Frome,  converted  into  a  floating 
basin  by  changing  the  conrse  of  the 
former  river.  At  the  head  of  High- 
street  is  the  centre  of  Bristol,  from 
whence  tbur  streets  diverge.  At  the 
end  of  Broad-street  is  a  part  of  the 
2WnuaUandSt.>'bAn'aCA,,Bt.  John's 
Gate  being  carried  nnder  the  tower. 
See  the  ttatut*.  over  the  gate,  of 
Breunas  and  Eelinns,  the  fabled  foun- 
ders of  Bristol.  The  OuiMAoH  is  a 
modem  Gothic  building.  In  Bmall- 
atreet  are  Post-offlce  and  Assize-courts. 
In  Com-tiTeet  are  the  Exchange  and 
Commercial  Rooma.  St.  Stepken'i  Ch. 
(rt.)  has  a  lofty  and  elegant  square 
tower,  133  ft.  high,  and  a  rich  porch. 
AUSatntt^  Ch.  hat  momaaeDlahj  Rye- 
hraeh  to  Colston,  1721,  a  princely  bene- 
factor to  the  city.  The  WtMt  of  Eng- 
land and  the  NoHanal  and  Prom'Mvd 
BmJa  in  Corn-street  are  fine  build- 
ings. To  tiie  1.,  close  to  the  docks, 
is  Quem-sfuore,  partly  burned  down 
iathe  riots  of  1823,  with  an  eqnes^"~ 


statue  to  Wm.  UI.  by  Sy^aeh  ;  also 
the  General  HtmiitiU,  a  handsome  and 
well-Stted  estabUshment. 

Cross  the  drawbridge  over  a  portion 
of  the  Floating  Harbour  to,  I.,  St. 
Aogustine's  Parade,  and  rt,.  College 
Green,  S.  of  which  is  the  CaOtedrtd,  a 
venerable  (founded  circa  1110)  bnild- 
ing.  It  formerly  consisted  only  of 
choir  and  transepts ;  the  nave,  de- 
stroyed iu  the  15th  cent.,  was  at  length 
erected  in  nniform  style  with  the 
choir,  by  Btrtel,  in  1876.  There  is 
a  mixture  of  styles  from  Nonn.  to 
Perp.,  the  Dec.  portions  tieing  of  a 
peculiar  Qenn,  tj^  Notice  the  mag- 
nificent E.  window,  the  glasa  of  the 
upper  part  being  of  the  year  1320;  the 
cresting  on  the  top  of  cornice  over  the 
altar  and  the  pecuhar  vaulting  of  the 
choir  aisles,  and  the  peculiar  decora- 
tions of  the  monumental  reoBsaeB. 
Momtmralt:  (d)  In  choir.  Lady  Young, 
1603.  (b)  In  Newton  Chapel  (S.  aisle), 
Bp.  Gray,  by  ai%  (e)  In  the  8.  aisle. 
Dr.  Eiwyn,  W  BaOy,  and  his  wife,  by 
ChaaiTey;  Miz.  Staohopo,  by  Sir  R. 
WeHmaeott.  (d)  In  B.  transept,  Bp. 
Batler  (author  of  the  'Analogy  ),  with 
insoription  by  SouOtey ;  B&s.  Cmw- 
fiird,  by  OhaiUrey;  Catherine  Vemon, 
by  Bacon,  (e)  In  N.  tnmacpt,  Hra. 
ifeaper,  mentioned  by  Sterne,  by  Ba- 
con ;  the  sisteiB  Porter,  the  novelists. 
(/)  In  N,  aisle,  Mrs.  Mason,  with  in- 
scription by  her  husband  and  (iray; 
Mrs.  Middleton  and  the  poet  Sonthey, 
both  by  BixHy.  Notice  the  grotesqrie 
carvings  in  this  aiale,  also  the  Hise- 
"    of  the  cathedral  are  the 


flne  vestibule  and  Norm,  arcades,  with 
cable  and  zigzag  mouldinga.  On  the 
restoration  of  the  flooring  in  1832,  a 
remarkable  piece  of  early  sculpture 
(Norm.)  was  diacovered,  on  a  elone 
slab  covering  a  coffin.  It  repteaenta 
the  descent  of  Christ  into  Hell  and  the 
delivery  theuoe  of  Adsm.  W.  is  the 
College  Gate,  a  beautiful  Norm,  arch- 
way of  oolite. 

On  the  N.  side  of  the  Green  is  the 
Mayoi't  Chapel  (or  81.  Xark"!  Ch.\  an 
exquisite  bit  of  late  Gothic,  fonnded 
by  Sobt  de  Berkeley  drc.  1220,  ccn- 


aigtiiig  of  a  narrow  oboic  tennlnating 
in  A  Perp.  stoDS  altar-soreeii,  above 
which  IB  a,  painted  window.  The  roof 
ia  oak,  with  painted  bosses.  On  rt  of 
Qie  altar  is  the  Poifnlc  Chaptl,  a 
specimen  of  moat  elaborate  ornament. 
MonaniaUt :  (a)  Tu  Sir  Maurice  de 
Oamit  and  nephew,  1229.  (b)SfflgieB 
of  a  Beikele;  and  his  wife,  noler 
a  beautiful  Dec.  arch.  <c)  A  bishop. 
This  chapel  is  seldom  open,  and  the 
kOT  ii  kept  a  long  waj  on. 

From  College-green  ascend  Park- 
tlrwt,  at  top  of  which  on  rt  (com- 
mencement of  Queen's-road)  is  the 
Brubd  Muteum  and  Jjibrary,  con- 
taining u  fine  geol^^cal  collection. 
BaS^i  'Sre  at  the  Fountain'  is 
in  the  entrance-hall.  At  the  top 
of  Paik-street  Cli/lim  commences; 
rt  ia  Bliitd  Aiylam  and  Bi/h  HaU; 
L  is  Brandon  Hill  (a  superb  view 
of  the  city  and  a  large  extent  of 
Bomeraetsbire).  A  fort  was  thrown 
up  here,  in  time  of  civil  wars,  to  de- 
fend the  city  against  Prince  Rupert, 
Fnrther  on,  on  rl.,  are  tlie  Q<tBen'$ 
Siild,  and,  beyond,  the  Scho<d  of  Art 
centring  3  piotnies  by  Hogar& — 
the  Eatombment.  Beannection,  and 
Aacension.  The  Victoria  Roomi  are 
immediately  liidiig.  looking  dowa 
Qoeen's-road,  and  the  visilor  should 
torn  L  of  these  and  make  bis  way  by 
QiJUnt  Ch.,  the  Koyal-eresoent,  and 
Sion-hill,  to  the  Poumt  and 

The  Su^)enrion  Chain  Bridge,  which 
has  a  span  of  703  fL.  a  length  of  220  O., 
and  crosses  the  ravine  at  the  Avon, 
between  the  St.  Fi'ncenCs  Bocki  and  the 
Leigh  Woodt,  at  a  height,  from  low 
Hater,  of  287  ft.  The  chains  an  those 
of  Hungerford  Bridge.  Ijondon.  The 
bridgewaa  opened  in  1864.  Theviews 
from  this  and  liom  the  edge  of  the 
gorge  are  striking.  Overlooking  tlie 
Books,  which  are  of  great  height  and 
lately  qoarried  for  the  limestone,  is 
an  (Kuenatory,  witli  a  passage  lad- 
ing to  the  Gia»l'$  Core,  The  Leigh 
Woods  and  the  Nightingrde  YaUey 
oppoEite  are  of  great  beanty.  The 
Rmaios  here  of  an  ancient  Boman 
camp  have  been  nearly  swept  away  in 
btdlding  new  hon^es.  At  the  bottom 
of  the  ravine,  by  the  rivciyside,  are  the 


has  been  removed  by  the  Dock  Com- 
mittee, and  the  spring  is  at  present 
closed.  The  BriiUl  Port  anA  Pier 
Bly.  runs  alongside  the  river  for  6  m. 
to  iSAtrehatnoton  and  Awmmonlh,  where 
the  BeA'dod^s  are  formed.  Tratnt  ft«> 
qnent  Cross  by  the  Chain-bridge,  and 
reitnin  from  I^h  Woods  by  Bown- 
hstn  Ferry.  The  views  from  the 
Downs  ore  very  charming,  extending 
over  the  Channel  into  Moomoathsblre 
and  B.  Wales.  Oontinne  past  tLe 
Zooltigical  Oardent  (very  attractive, 
admlsdon  6d.)  to  DurtUtma  Dmuni  and 
on  to  Bneyd  Park,  overlooking  the 
river  and  channel,  a  most  interestlDg 
walk  or  drive. 

ExcurtioTU.—^a)  i  m,  N.  across 
Hie  Downs,  and  through  Weilburu-on- 
Trym  to  fienburu,  a  charming  littls 
Tillage.  BlaiM  CatOa  (Mrs.  Harford) 
has  a  &ie  collection  of  paintings,  prin- 
cipally of  the  time  of  M.  Angelo  and 
Raphael,  only  shown  by  speoial  per- 
mission ;  no  adoissioa  in  wet  weather. 
In  the  conservatory  are  superb  heads 
of  the  Anfinoua  and  Diana  of  Qabti. 
The  gtonnda  (shown  on  Tbnrs.  from 
11  to  4,  flrom  Hay  to  Nov.,  by  sendiog 
a  card  to  the  bead  gardener  a  day 
or  two  before,  when  an  order  will  be 
fonndawaiUng  the  visitor  at  the  Upper 
Lodge,  Henbnry)  are  wild,  and  com- 
mand beontiful  views  acroa  the  Bristol 
Channel.  Bee  the  10  model  cottages, 
boilt  by  Naih,  for  aged  servants  of  the 
fomily.  (i)  By  rail  to  Sbirehamjtton, 
SJ  m,,  near  the  month  of  the  river, 
from  Clifton  Slat. ;  thence  ascend 
Penpole  Point,  tor  the  view,  skirting 
the  wall  of  Kinft  WeiUm  Park 
(Mrs.  Miles),  a  fine  bonse,  by  Van- 
brvgh,  in  a  lovely  park,  (c)  By  the 
New  Passage  line  to  AihUy  Slai., 
I,  is  the  Orphan  A»ylum,  for  205O 
children,  erected  and  maintained  by 
Qeorge  Miiller  entirely  from  the  doily 
offerings  of  the  charitable.  May  be 
visited  on  Wed.  and  Thurs. ;  oab  fare 
from  Bristol,  2t.  6d.  The  whole  line 
to  Nete  Pottage,  11  m.,  is  pretty, 
and  partioulftrfy  near  Patehicay,  6  m. 
(omnibus  to  iTurrnbury,  see).  On  rt, 
is  £noEe  Part,  in  an  exquisite  situa- 


BROADSTAim— BROMLEY. 


atioo.  The  Ch.  (A.  Norm.)  is 
dform,  and  has  an  octagoiial  spire. 
In  Ovei  cutting  may  be  Been  the  jiino- 
tion  of  lias  and  New  Eed.    At  New 


hero  the  intricate  timber  pi 


irpiei 
ts  of  the  interlacing  beams. 
Auxt  dig,  IJ  m.  N.  (TiajectuB  Au- 
gnsti)  is  a  fine  aectiou  of  Bluetic, 
or  "  Peanarth  beds,"  and  contaioa 
a  remarkable  bone-bed.  A  steamer 
croaees  daily,  2  m.,  to  Beaehky,  i  m. 
tram  Cliepttoa  (sae).  (d)  i  m.  front 
Bristol,  on  the  S.  aide  of  the  Avon, 
2  m.  beyond  the  Suspension  Bridge, 
Leigh  CmH  (Sir  Wm.  Milefl,  Bt.), 
shown  on  Thuradayi.  llokets  muat 
be  obtained  at  the  Bristol  Baoli,  Corn- 
street.  A  ftrat-ratecoUectioQ  of  Italian, 
Flemish,  and  Spanish  paintings,  in- 
cluding Martyrdom  of  St.  Andrew, 
JtfuriUo ;  Woman  taken  in  Adultery, 
B^diem;  Venus  and  Adonis,  Titian; 
Christ  bearing  the  Cross,  Ra^iael ; 
The  Conversion  of  St.  Paul,  Snbem 
(sold  in  1806  for  4O0D  gumeas),  &o.  (t) 
By  train  to  PorluAead  (see)  or  to  Nail- 
aea  and  Yatton  Stats.  (G.  W.  line), 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  which  is  ro- 
mantic sceoery  on  the  skirts  of  the 
Hendips.  Steamers  daily  in  smnmer 
to  nfraconibe,  calling  off  Lynmonth ; 
and  on  specified  days  to  8.  Wales 
(Tenby,  l^ord,  Bwamea,  &c.)  and  to 
Ireland  (Waterfoid,  Cork,  Dublin,  and 
Belfast). 

A  local  guide, '  How  lo  see  Bristol,' 
by  J.  F.  Nichalls,  Esq.,  the  city  libra- 
rian, price  le.,  will  be  very  oseful  to 
a  stranger. 

BantHAM,  see  Torgvay. 

BBixwoaTH,  see  NortHajaplon. 

Bboadhembubt,  see  HoniUm. 

Bboadlahds,  see  Bonuey, 

Sroadsmlrs  (Kent).  Stat, 
L.C.&D.Bly.  Inn*.-  Albion;  Vic- 
toria. This  place,  2  m.  E.N.B.  from 
Bamsgete,  is  muob  qoieter  than  either 
that  town  or  Margate,  and  in  many 
respects  is  preferable  as  a  bathing- 
place.  The  sands  are  Arm  and  good, 
and  from  the  parade  on  the  cliffs  above 
there  is  a  grand  lea  view.  Lodgings 
are  good  and  numerous.  1  m.  inland 
is  St.  Petei't,  agreeably  situated,  with 


manypleaaant  honaee  scattered  about 
it.  The  ch.,  restored  in  1859,  datea 
from  the  12th  cenL,  with  additions  to 
the  end  of  the  16th,  when  tbe  con- 
spicuous flint  tower  was  built.  Stone 
Houte,  1  m.  E.,  near  the  North  Foreland 
Lighthouse,  is  the  marine  residence 
of  the  Arcbbp.  of  Canterbury ;  ad- 
joining is  a  noble  orphanage,  erected 
through  the  exertions  of  Mrs.  Tait. 

BROiDWATBB,  Bcc  WoriMng. 

Bbockbi  Hall,  see  Hatfield. 

Bbooklst  Coube,  see  Clevedoa. 

Bbohfibu),  see  Ludtoa. 

Brouhak  (Beds.),  see  Bedford. 

Bbokham  (Wilts.),  see  Chippenham 
and  ileUtsliam. 

Bbohholh  pHioar,  see  Waliham, 
North. 

Bromler  (Kent),  a  market 
town  on  the  rt.  bank  of  the  Bavens- 
boume,  10  m,  from  London  by  road, 
11  m.  by  tho  Mid-Kant  line  of  the 
S.  E.  Kly.,  and  13  m,  by  tlio  L.  0.  &  D. 
Ely.  liiTw.-  White  Hart;  BelL  It 
stands  on  high  ground  in  the  midst 
of  |a  riohly  wooded  and  picturesque 
country.  At  one  end  of  the  town,  hs- 
ineen  Widmore-lane  and  the  railway, 
is  what  was  the  pulaoo  of  the  Bps.  of 
Bochester;  at  the  other  tbe  no  less 
stalely  buildings  of  Bromley  College. 
On  tbe  crown  of  the  bill,  just  out  of  the 
High-street,  is  tbe  old  weather-worn 
ch. ;  and  close  at  hand  the  Market- 
place, in  tbe  centre  of  which  standa  a 
showy  new  red  brick  Gothic  Town 
Halt. 

The  Ch.  (St.  Peter  &  St.  Paul)  is  of 
the  Perp.  period,  but  the  N.  aisle  waa 
rebuilt  in  1792,  and  the  whole  re- 
paired 'and  large  galleries  added  in 
ISSO.  Inside  the  ch.  are  some  monu- 
ments of  interest.  Ubserva  the  Itaeo 
old  lieh-gaU  at  the  entrance  to  tne 
ah.-yd.,  and  the  yew  avenue  leading 
to  the  N.  door  of  the  ch.  On  leaving 
the  oh-yd.  go  to  the  open  space  imme- 
diately W.  of  it,  for  the  fine  view  over 
Beckenhan,  Hayes,  nnd  Sydenham, 
and  the  valley  of  the  Bavensboume. 

Sundridge  Park  (E.  J.  Scott,  ^BQ.\ 
i  m.  N.E.  of  Bromley,  will  afford  a 
pleasant  stroll,  and  has  special  interest 
for  the  geologist.  "A  hard  oonglome- 
rate,  entirely  made  np  of  oyster  sheila 


BROU  WICU—BRO  DGHTON. 


69 


and  the  sbiugla  that  formed  theii 
uatiTe  bed.**  ia  qnarried  from  a  pit 
b;  Slmttead-lane.  Observe  the  Fuk 
Lodge,  which  is  baUt  of  stone  qaar- 

lied  from  this  pit,  and  which  is  full 
of  fosaila;  some  remaihably  fine  cy- 
renu  may  be  seen  in  the  voIIb.  A 
charming  walk  leads  fiom  Suudridge 
Park  to  ChUkhuTit,  where  Iha  geolo- 
gist may  contiuue  hts  inTestigations 
on    the  Woolwich    Beds,   itndy  the 

Kbble  deposits  from  which  Chifle- 
irst  derives  its  name,  and  esamine 
the  chalk  caves  in  Camden  Park. 

Bromptoh,  see  Chaihaja. 

Bbohbobovb,  tee  Worcater. 

Kromwicb,  fVest  (Staff.), 
2  Slats.,  L.  *  N.  W.,  and  G.  W.  Elya., 
}hr.  by  rail  from  BirmtaghaDi  (Inn^ 
Dartmouth  Hotel),  is  a  very  bui; 
mMmfactnring  town,  where  every 
variety  of  iron  wrak  is  moduced. — 
See  the  AUnoa  Workt.  The  pariah 
Ch.  is  on  a  hill  1  m.  N.,  and  contains 
MonmitenU  to  the  Wborwood  family 
(,16th  cent.).  SandvieU  Park,  formerly 
a  Benedictine  priory,  and  Ihe  — 
perty  of  the  E.  of  Dartmouth,  is  i 
pied  by  a  training  iiniiliUion  under 
the  care  of  Mius  tielwyn,  sister  of  the 
Bp.  of  Lichfield.  Hallam,  the  histo- 
rian, resided  at  W.  Uromnioh. 

»romT»r<l{Hereford>  It^~.. 
Hop-pole;  falcon.  Stat,  f  hi.  (11  m.) 
from  Worcester,  and  12  m.  from  Htats. 
of  Ledbnry.  Leominster,  and  Great 
Malvern.  The  cruciform  Ch.  is  of 
Norm,  construction. 

i  m.  K.  E.  Netheneood.  On  a  very 
steep  hill  above  Uie  ch.  is  a  British 
encampment  enclosing  20  acres,  in  eZ' 
cellent  preservation,  supposed  to  have 
been  made  durtnz  the  retreat  of 
Caractacns  from  the  Herefordshire 
Beacon. 

The  E.-E.  Ch.  exhibits  many  inter- 
esting architectural  features. 

t  m.  N,  Teditone  Delaraere,  Norman 
and  E.-E.  Ch.,  rebuilt  1856-1M7  by 
Sir  0.  6.  SeoU  ;  is  adorned  by  columns 
of  Serpentine  marble  from  the  Lizard 
i'oint,Biidgoodpaintedwindowa.  The 
old  work  has  been  replaced  piece  by 
piece.  T  be  chancel  Ecreenof  carved  oak, 
probablyof  Tudor  date,  and  the  Norm. 
font,  have  been  carefully  preserved. 


On  the  confines  of  this  parish  is  a 
beautiful  vall^  called  "the  Devil's 
PDncbbovl."  'nieTedBlone''/>iiijiIea'' 
abonod  with  rate  plants  and  wild 
scenery.  The  Sapev  brook,  which 
Hows  through  the  ravine,  is  celebrated 
for  its  trout 

6  m,  B.  KnighU/ord  Bridot,  on  the 
1.  bank  of  the  Teme  Btver  (inn :  Tal- 
bot), is  a  fovourite  resort  of  anglers. 
The  finely  wooded  slopes  of  Ankerdine 
are  also  attractive  to  geologists. 

S  m.  E.  EnigUtcidt,  on  6.  bank  of 
the  Teme.  There  is  a  remarkable 
cliff  here  called  "  the  Bosebury  Bock," 
the  summit  of  which  is  350  ft  above 
the  sea.  "As  a  pictnresqne  object, 
Bosebury  Book  forma  a  beautifully 
wooded  mass,  shronding  the  rapid 
Teme  that  bathes  its  base,  and  tempt- 
ing the  naturalist  to  explore  its  hol- 
lows, involved  in  a  labyrinth  of  denae 
vegetation." 

Broseley  (Salop)  is  1  m.  R.  of 
Ironbridge  Stat.,  Severn  Vallejr  Bly. 
( Jnn ;  Lion),  and  is  known  for  its  to- 
bacco-pipe manufacture.  1  m.  W,,  at 
Bmthalt,  areMaw'sencaustiotile  works 
(admission  by  appointmeut  if  visitor  is 
not  connected  with  the  trade).  Tba 
geologist  Ehonld  cmea  BenVxaU  Edge, 
&mouB  for  its  Upper  Silurian  (Wenlock 
shale)  fossils,  and  may  descend  up<Hl 
Bitildiaai  Aliey,  'i  m.  (see  SridgnaTQi). 

Bbouoh,  see  jpple^. 

Bbougham  Castle  and  Hall,  see 

Pmrilh. 

Braus'lMon  (lAnc.}— Stat 
Funiess  Bly,  Coniston  Branoh.  ( Jntw: 
Old  King's  Head;  New  King's  Head) 
— is  a  quiot  little  town  situated  near 
the  top  of  tbe  estnarj  of  the  Duddoa 
(the  subject  of  a  aeries  of  sonnets  by 
Wordsworth).  Above  the  tidal  flow, 
the  river  abounds  in  trout  and  salmon. 
The  Duddon  is  ^so  famed  for  mussels 
and  cockles.  Ou  a  hi]!  above  the  town 
is  Brofighton  Toieer  (J.  Sawr^,  Esq.), 
an  old  embattled  mansion.  Tbe  view 
from  the  grounds,  which  are  open  to 
tourists,  Mth  towards  the  sea  and 
inland,  will  repay  a  visit. 

To  Uie  S.  of  the  town  ia  Ettleriggi, 
the  residence  of  Kt.  Hon.  B.  A.  Cross, 
Home  Secretary. 

"  ,  HeaOamite  Felli,  %  m.  E.,  are 


70 


BSOXSOVSNE—BSDTON. 


the  supposed  lemaina  of  an  early 
Brituh  settlaDumt.  Excurtion  up  the 
Tale  of  Duddon  to  Bouroe  of  mer  on 
Wi;noMFall.l2<nl4m.;  5or6hn. 
by  conTej-anoe.  Learing  Bootle-road 
at  DuddoQ  Biidge,  1}  m.,  tnm  rt.  to 
Ulpha  Fells,  paaemg  Duddon  Qtovo 

SUajoi  Bawtinaoc).  4  m.  bom  Dod- 
OD  Bridge  is  Ulpha  Kirk  (amnll 
Inn  there.  The  Tnvellera'  Beat) ;  n 
little  beyood  is  Dmmerdale,  flanked 
on  rt.  by  the  perpendioulat  Took,  the 
"Pen,"  and  on  the  I.  by  WallBbeirow 
CraK.  Cro«»  the  bridge  and  go  by 
bank  of  river  as  far  as  the  "  Stepping 
Stones"  at  Neafidd  in  Seatbwaile 
{Inn).  Oross  the  stream  by  the  stones, 
and  rejoin  conTeyanoe  which  has  pn>- 
oeeded  by  rood.  At  Newfleld  see  the 
tomb  in  ch.-yd.  and  pew  in  ch,  of 
Bev.  Robert  Walker  (d.  17+1),  immot- 
talised  by  Wordsworth.  Leaving  this, 
Coniiion  may  be  reached  by  xsrosdng 
Beathwaite  Beck,  }  m.,  to  Beathwaite 
Tarn,  and  tbenoe  over  Walney  Scai. 
A  cmi  track  leads  (tom  the  foot  of 
Walney  Scar  to  the  town ;  or  by  ooa- 
tinning  the  joomey  to  head  of  the 
Yalley  and  over  the  Wrynoee  Pass. 

5  m.  &om  Newfleld,  nearly  at  the 
extremity  of  the  valley,  is  CockUy 
Beek,  where  ia  "  the  cottoge  rude  and 
grey"  of  Wordsworth's  sonnet  Be- 
tween this  and  Wrynose  the  scenery 
is  dreary.  Any  admirer  of  the  ~  ~  ' 
who  prefers  to  fallow  the  stKom 
its  source  with  the  volome  of  sonnets 
in.  Mb  hand,  can  do  ao  eiOier  from 
Conition  (see)  through  Yewdale,  or 
from  AmbWde  through  tittle  Lang- 
dale  to  Fell  Foot,  5  m.  from  whence 
he  will  commence  ascent  of  Wrynose, 
at  the  summit  of  which  are  the  3 
Shire  Stones  marking  the  junction  of 
Lancashire,  Wetitmorland,  and  Cum- 
berland. Fsssing  these  and  taming 
to  1.,  a  little  out  of  the  ii»d,  he  will 
comfi  upon  the  souioe  of  the  Doddon 
and,  (dier  a  descent  of  1}  m.,  reach 
Ooi^ey  Beck.  From  here  the  conraa 
of  the  river  may  be  followed  to  Doddon 

BmtuoHTON  Cabtlb,  see  Banbury. 

Sroxhoume  (Herts.),  Blai 
Q.  E.  Rly.,  and  16  m.  N.  from 
London  bj  rood.    The  village  is  very 


pretty,  and  haa  a  handsome  Porp.  Ch. 
(St.  Augustine),  raised  on  a  bank 
above  a  large  and  piotaresque  water* 
mill  close  to  the  station.  Observe  altar' 
tomb  in  chancel,  with  a  double  brasa 
of  Sir  John  Say  and  wife  (d.  1473),  and 
the  fine  panelled  oak  roof.  The  New 
Itm,  b;  the  station,  is  a  good  boose, 
but  the  stranger  should  go  down  to  the 
Crown,  by  the  Lea,  to  see  "  Ihe  finest 
example  of  dower-gardening  In  the 
kingdom."  The  Cmum  is  a  fishing 
house,  the  Lea  here  h^g  strictly  pre- 
served (annual  subscriptions,  1  gnine*; 
trout  fishing,  2  guineas ;  djay  tickets 
for  trout,  5s. ;  for  jack,  28. ;  bottmk 
fifliung,  1«.).  The  rank  of  the  Crovm, 
which  afiixrds  excellent  acoonunoda- 
tion,  among  Bast  End  pleasure  houses, 
is  marked  by  the  announcement  that 
"  Van-parties  are  not  received."  The 
next  station,   If  m.   beyond,  is  Rye 

BmMn  (Somerset),  Stat  Ot.  W. 
Rly.    Jnns :  Blue  Bell :  Wellington. 

This  little  town  is  prettily  situated  in 
valley  among  a  cluster  of  hills,  about 
4  m.  from  the  wooded  heights  of  Stonr- 
hesd  and  Alfred's  Tower. 

The  Viearage,  adjoinine  the  ohurch, 
was  formed  IS22  by  Bir  Richard  Colt 
Hoare,  out  of  the  ruins  of  the  abbey. 
On  a  grassy  hiU  above  it,  ODoe  the 
park  of  that  abbey,  stands  a  rocdess 
tower,  commanding  an  excellent  view 
of  Bniton  and  its  neighl>onrbood. 
Oreech  MiR,  crowned  by  a  small  camp, 
is  seen  to  the  N.W. 

The  road  to  WinixuUon.  i  m.,  is  a 
pretty  drive,  paasing  on  rt.  Bedlynck 
Park,  a  Beat  of  the  Earl  of  llchester ; 
and  it.,  1  m.,  the  romautio  hamlet  of 
Dinx/ve. 

Alfred^ tToaeriaiim.  bom  Bmbm; 
and  Stourhoad,  the  beautiful  seat  of 
Bir  Henry  Ainslie  Hoare,  Bart.,  71  m. 
(See  OiOingham.') 

The  Ch.  at  Bataunbe,  3  m.  N.,  is  ana 
of  the  beat  in  the  county.  The  tower 
is  very  fine,  and  ricUj  decorated. 

1  m.  W.  of  BrotoD,  W^  Champ- 
fioaer,  has  a  tdiqwl  bitUt  1624,  worth 
notice  as  an  example  of  JaJAobean 
Oothic 

Bbthfton  d'Evsioi,  see  Teovtl. 
Bbthmawb,  see  A 


SWSlNGBAU—SVDB. 


71 


jNbwX» 


I  (Old 
MtltbcriAigk. 

BccKf ASTLEIOH,  BCB  Dortmoor. 
BuDKEUBST  Hill,  see  Loughum. 
BncliiiisrIiaiM  (Bucks.),  Btet, 
61  m.  from  BDstttn-gqoare,  L.  ft  N. 
W.  Bl7.,i>ta  Btetohle;,  which  wrathei 
more  than  1  hr.  by  rail  from  Oxford. 
Inn* :  'White  Hart ;  Swan  aod  Csatle. 
BaOway  (50  min.)  to  Banbiuy,  but  the 
road  ifl  6  m.  shorter.  The  town  Bton^is 
on  rather  high  gronnd,  almost  encir- 
cled by  the  river  Ouse,  which  ia 
crossed  by  three  bridges.  Though  a 
Teiy  ancient  place  it  baa  few  remains 
of  Butiqnity,  having  suffered  greatly 
from  a  fire  in  172*.  At  a  very  ihott 
distance  bom  the  town,  oa  the  Brack- 
ley  road,  is  the  commeueement  of  the 
noble  avenue  (about  2  m.  in  length)  of 
elma  leading  to  Stmne,  the  princely 
scat  of  the  Duke  of  Buckiagham ; 
neithei  the  maoBioa  nor  pleaBurs 
grounda  are,  however,  ahown  to 
public  The  magnificent  art  treaa 
were  eold  by  public  auction  in  1818. 
Within  the  diatanco  of  5  m.  from  the 
town  the  tourist  will  find  several 
tcreating  Qtardta.  (a)  1  m. 
Tingetmiic — notice  on  the  chancel  wall 
a  very  curious  brass  of  Erasmus  Wil. 
li&mB,  rector,  1608;  (b)  2  m.  8.  ol 
Tingewick,  Chetjsode,  the  Ch,  of  an 
Aagustinian  Priory,  founded  here 
124i;  chancel  very  fine  E.  E.,  with 
some  old  stained  glass  ;  (i;)  1  m.  B.  of 
Chctwode,  Presfon  Biaeet,  a  fine  Dec. 
Ch.  with  excellent  windows,  doorwavs 
with  flue  moiddiuga  and  corbel  beads, 
and  good  Dec  aedilia ;  (d)  2  m.  E.  of 
Preston  Biseet,  HiSladon,  very  fine 
Petp. ;  tba  8.  porch  particularly  good. 
From  an  attentive  stud^  of  thia  Ch. 
Sir  G.  G.  Soott  derived  ms  knowledge 
of  Gothic  archilectore ;  (a)  1}  m.  S. 
of  Hillesdon  is  TayforA,  which  has 
some  fine  brasses.  On  N.  side  of  the 
town  are  (/)  2  m.  Maidx  ^oreton  Ch., 
e,  Yeij  b^utiful  specimen  of  Perp., 
founded  by  "  sisters  and  maids, 
daughters  to  Lord  Pruet,  1450."  The 
font,  Gothic  screen,  roof  of  chancel, 
and  three  sedilia  deaervo  notice ;  (g) 
2  m.  B.E.  of  Maids  Moreton,  Thom- 
borottgh ;  (A)  3  m.  W.  of  Buckingham, 
Water  Stratford;  and  5  m.  N.E.  Lil- 


lingitone  Dajp^,  fine  S.-E,  Cb.,  re- 
stored by  Ser«e(. 
BuoEisH  Hill,  see  BidtforA. 
BcoKLAND,  see  Tamitoat. 
Bude  (Comw.),  a  small  but 
growing  watering-pUoe  m  a  gntnd 
and  curious  ccaat  Itmt:  'Falcon; 
Bude  Hotel.  The  vast  and  pictur- 
esque aea-clifi!s  on  either  side  of  the 
haven,  and  the  wild  moorland  soeiwry 
inland,  are  great  attractions.  CominK 
bom  the  6.  the  tourist  can  prooeed 
to  Lavnoetton  either  by  train  dinot, 
-  by  vray  of  Saltash  (see  PlymoxOhj 
d  CaUington  (see  Lamtealon). 
From  lAunceston  it  is  IG  m.  by  road 
The  Tree),  thence 
1)  m.  to  Bude  Haven.  At  7  m.  is 
Week  St  Jlfafv,  where  ia  the  n  '  ' 
'  ■  ry  founded  (14th  cent')  b; 
ral.  1 J  m.  'before  reachin^ 
the  ptetty  village  of  LauncelU, 
cell  of  Austin  oanons.  A 
_.jnt  dated  1644,  to  the  last  of 
fiunily  (John  Cbamond)  of  the 
founder,  still  stands  in  the  C%.  Lu- 
mediately  N.  of  the  town  of  Btratton 
Stamford  fftB,  the  scene  of  the 
battle  in  which  the  Parliamentarians 
loyalists  (1G43). 
also  visit  the 
inclined  plane  of  the  Bude  Canoj,  ou 
Eobbacott  Down,  1}  m.  W.,  an  inge- 
nious substitute  for  a  series  of  loake. 
In  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of 
Bude  Haven,  SentuKliff  (450  ft.),  N. : 
CompoM  Point,  V.;  Beacon  EiU,  i 
m.  W.;  and  Datard  Point  (550  ft.), 
W.  boundary  of  Widemouth  Bay  can- 
not &il  to  delight  and  aatoniah  the 
visitor.  The  Faffi.  abont  16  m.,  to 
BotaatSe  (see  Laanealoti)  is  a  very 
delightful  one.  A  good  road  oIobb  la 
the  coast  has  been  made  to  St.  Gennjrs, 
10  m.  (The  Bev.  B.  8.  Hawker'a 
"  Footprints  of  Former  Uen  in  Old 
Cornwall,''  should  be  in  the  hands  of 
this  coast.)    To  the  N, 


Hervey's  "Meditations 
among  tie  TomlB,"  Bead  inscription 
on  monomeut  of  Sir  Beville  OrenviUe. 
Just  N.  ia  ilie  pictnieaqne  ConAe 
Valley,  (^lening  to  tbe  sea  between 
lofty  cUns.    In  tbe  parish  Is  a  good 


72 


BUDLEIGS  SALTEBTOS—BUBNEAJS. 


17th-cent.  apeoimen  of  a  utanor-tumae 
oallad  AlderemOie  (Sir  O.  Staclej, 
Bart).  JfbruwrMfou),  receatly  len- 
deied  □otoiioua  ovmK_to  the  death- 
bed eeceasion  of  ita  Vic*t  (Rer.  K. 
8.  Hawker)  to  the  Church  of  Rome, 
la  4  m.  N.,  and  7  m.  (nyta  Stratton, 
and  contaioB  a  apleodid  old  Ch.,  at 
great  interest  to  the  ecolesiologiat. 
The  district  about  Hartland,  &«.,  6  m. 
N.jis  described  under  Bideford. 

BODLB  Bat,  gee  Bamboroagh. 

Budlely-li  8nlterton 
(Devon.),  5  m.  from  Exmouth  Stat., 
to  whioh  omnibus  rone  four  times 
dailT  to  meet  trams — one  of  the  most 
loTely  driyee  in  the  oountj.  Inn; 
•Bolle  Arms.  This  ia  a  delightful 
little  wateriiy;-plBce,  just  W.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Otter,  a  r[vBt  well  known 
to  the  angler,  but  Btriotly  preserved. 
Bhort  Manirnont  ma?  be  made  to 
Ladram  Bay,  on  opposite  aide  of  the 
lirer,  wbiob  ia  crowed  i  m.  &om  the 
sea  b;  a  timber  bridge ;  to  Badleigh, 
1  m..  and  IJ  m.  rt,  to  Eayti  Barton, 
the  biitolaoe  of  Sir  Walter  Ealeigh ; 
and  to  Wea  Down  Beacon.  For  other 
exooiBiona,  see  Exmonih. 

ButLSWAa  Abbbt,  eee  Bridgnorth, 

Bdh-th,  aee  Wga  Biver. 

Boll  Bat,  aee  AvUweh. 

Bungwy  (Suffiilk),  Stat.,  Ot. 
B.  Blj.  {Waveney  Valley).  Jm: 
King's  Head.  This  town  la  prettily 
situated  on  a  peninaula  formed  by  the 
■windinga  of  Ihe  'WftTeney,  which  ia 
navigable  for  barges ;  aad  from  the 
high  ground  on  whioh  it  is  placed, 
pleasant  views  are  commanded.  The 
Temaius  of  the  Outte  are  entered  hoia 
the  yard  of  the  King's  Head  Inn. 
The  castle  to  which  the  existing  ruins 
belong  wot  restored  m  12S1 ;  they 
consiat  mainly  of  two  low  circular 
towers,  flanking  walls  of  an  octangular 
ground  plan,  which  enoloee  a  keqt 
54  ft.  square.  The  Chvreh  of  8t. 
jtfarv'i  has,  at  the  B.W.  angle  of  the 
nave,  a  noble  Perp.  tower  of  four 
storeys,  with  fine  turretted  buttressea. 
The  W.  wmdow  of  the  nave,  and  that 
of  the  N.  aide,  are  Petp.  and  good. 
St.  Mary's  was  the  chorcb  of  a  priory 
fonnded  for  Benedictine  nuua  in  IIGO. 
The  existing  portion  of  the  ch.  WB« 


probably  parochial;  whilst  the  chan- 
cel, now  m  mine,  was  attached '"  "■' 
priory,  ot  which  there  are  no  ret 
In  the  atreet  fronting  the  towE 
house  of  the  16th  cent.,  retaining 
dows  with  early  tracery. 

Soly  Trimly  Ch.  has  a  round  tower, 
the  lower  part  of  whioh  haa  been  re- 
rarded  aa  earlier  than  the  Oonqueat, 
The  upper  part,  with  the  windows,  is 
Perp.  There  is  here  an  extenstve 
printing  establishment,  and  also  the 
very  targe  silk  foetory  of  the  Mbbbtb. 
Grout, 

2  m.  B.E.  is  XetUngham,  whose 
CatOe,  built  in  the  reign  of  Edw.  IH., 
though  rnined,  retains  its  gateway, 
and  within  its  enclosure  portions  of 
the  oolite  eatabliahed  in  the  reign  of 
Hich.  IL  The  mina  are  extensive, 
and  the  lofty  Edwardian  gate-tower 
is  striking. 

In  Mettingham  Ch.,  remnina  ot  rich 
stall-work  and  of  the  screen  eiists. 

At  Becalei  (see)  June,  20  min.  dis- 
tant by  railway  from  Bungay,  the 
train  nuv  be  taJien  to  LowestcA  and 
Yarmoutn. 

(OlonX  see  Wilofy. 


tereating  Cft„E.  E„  with  a  beautifully 
carved  screen  ftom  Iiouvain,  an  ala- 
baster effigy  of  the  Priooeaa  EUizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  of  Oamil,  and  a  very 
unique  triptveh,  executed  in  15BS,  I^ 
Melchior  tSalaboea.  In  the  centre  are 
paintings  of  Bicboid  Cromwell  and 
wife,  and  iu  panel  underneath  is  tba 
fleure  of  Edmund  Cc^nwall,  the 
"Strong  Baron."  On  the  outer  lid 
are  the  Twelve  Apoetle*  Bw/ord 
House  (Lord  Northwick)  haa  a  flaa 
avenue  of  treea, 

BuBOH  CASrL£,  see  YanrunUh. 

BcBOHLEi,  see  Stamford. 

Bdbnham  Beborbs  (Bucks.),  aee 
Maidinbsad. 

BuBNHAM  (Norfolk).'8ee  WeOt  (Nor- 
folk). 

Bunlliaiii  (Somerset.;.  Stat, 
Semerset  &  Doraet  Bly.,  worked  by 
Mid.  and  L.  £  8.  W.  Branch  from 
Highbridge  Stat.,  li  m.  Jroia.-  Chi- 
rence  Hotel ;  Beed'a  Hotel,  close  to 
the  station.    This  is  a  watering-place 


SUBNLET—BVSY. 


uooh  frequented  by  the  iohsbitaiita 
of  Bristol  n&d  Bridgwater.  It  hfta  ft 
fine  sandy  beach ;  bat  Uie  Be*  tetitee 

tamx  it  4  m.  at  low  vatei.    )  m.  to 


is  ohiefly  reroarfcaWe  for  a  very  stately 
white  mtiTbie  altar-piece,  designed  by 
Id^  Jones  for  Whitehall  Chapel. 

Eatl  Brent  to  the  N.,  and  South 
Brent  to  the  W.  of  Brent  Knoll,  have 
intereeling  chnicbea. 

BMrnley  (LnncV- two  S 
L-AY.  Bly.  linn:  Bull);  Pml-q^', 
Hanchcster-mad — is  a  maDDiaotiiriDg 
town,  dependent  on  the  cotton  and 
woollen  tradcB,  bnt  aitniated  in  a  bro- 
ken and  pretif  distriot,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Calder  and  the  Brun.  The 
Ch.  (temp.  Edward  lU.)  baa  been  re- 
stored in  memory  of  the  late  General 
Scarlett.  The  Tmmidey  Chapd,  at  E. 
of  N.  aisle,  contains  monuments  to 
Uiat  &mily,  and  one  to  Ohailce  Towne- 
ley,  the  antiqnaly,  who  formed  the 
collection  of  the  Towneley  marblr"  '~- 
the  British  Huseum.  There  are  many 
iutereetiDg  old  honses  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, viz.  <a)  Fvihdge,  i  m.  B.E., 
between  Bamley  and  Towneley ;  (b) 
Soyk,   1  m.  N.W. ;   M  Hesartd/(xrd, 

1  m.  N.B.,  on  bank  of  the  Bran  t  (d) 
Donw,  i  TQ.  N.;  (e)  ExtwitlU  EaU, 
3im.E.;  BarCTo/t,2i  m.E.,in  Calder 
VttUey;  (/)  Ormerod  Sail,  3  r  " 
(Rev.  W.  ThnrBhy),  16th  cent.,  ^, 
Town^  (Col.  Towneley),  a  fine 
house,  with  wings  and  towers.  There 
are  many  family  portraits  and  ca; 
the  Towneley  marbles,  for  which  the 
Trustees  of  the  British  Unsemn  paid 
20,0001. 

BuBSCMDOH  PnoBT,  Bee  OrmMrk, 
Snrslem  (Staff.)  — Stat.,  1 
Staff.  Ely.  (Inn;  Leopard)— is  or 
of  the  principal  pottery  towns  of 
North  Staffonlshire,  and  contains 
some  very  large  works,  such  as  those 
of  Messrs.  Davenport  Mid  Co.  Visitors 
admitted  between  10  and  1  aji.  and 

2  and  5  p.m.,  on  Tuesdays,  Wednes- 
days, and  Thursdays.  See  the  Wedg- 
wood tfemorfoZ  Hall,  of  Italian  style, 
where  there  is  a  School  of  Art  especi- 
ally adapted  to  ceramic  mannfactnce. 

Bdbtoh  Aqnes,  ae«  Bri^ington. 


BCR'TOH  BsAsarocE,  see  Bridpori. 

BuBTON  Laz&bb,  Bee  Mellon  Jfou- 

au. 

Burt«n-on/rrent  (StafE), 
8tat.,Midl.&L.&N.W.Rlys.  Iniu: 
White  Hart ;  Queen's ;  Midland  ; 
Geoi^.  The  metropolis  of  the  bitter- 
beer  trade  is  on  the  1.  bank  of  the  Trent, 
sloping  down  to  which  is  the  cli.-yd., 
containing  a  few  arches  Euid  walls  of 
the  old  abbey,  founded  by  an  Earl  of 
Heida  in  1002.  The  breweries  are 
ooloesaL  There  are  six  targe  firms,  and 
about  twenty-four  smaller  ones.  Per- 
mission can  be  obtained  to  visit  Alossn. 
Allsopp  and  Co.,  or  Messrs.  Bass  and 
Co,  Visitors  will  have  to  Rive  their 
names  and  profession!  at  the  offloe. 
when  they  will  receive  a  ticket,  and 
be  shown  round  by  one  of  the  nnder- 
brewers.  The  former  empWs  1400 
hands,  and  the  tatter  2000.  The  prin- 
cipal objects  ore  the  grinding  mills 
for  braising  the  malt,  the  coppers  for 
holding  the  wort,  and  the  cooperages, 

BoRWELL.  see  NewmarJiet. 

BMrv  (Lano.)— Stat.,  L.&T.  Ely. 
(Inn:  "Derby  Hotel);  Foti-ogice, 
Broad-street — is  a  busy  and  important 
manufacturing  town,  sitaated  on  a 
bill  overlooSog  the  Irwell.  At 
Messrs.  Wrigley  and  Sons',  the  paper 
for  the  London  'Times'  is  mana- 
factured.  Notice  the  Peel  Monumetd, 
in  the  market-place,  in  memory  of 
the  late  Sir  Robert  Feel,  who  was 
bom  at  Chamber  EaU,  in  the  town, 
and  whose  father  had  extensive  calico 
printing  works  here.  Tbo  very  fine 
Ch.  (Canon  Hornby,  rector)  near  the 
old  market-place,  has  been  eutlrely 
rebuilt  (except  the  tower).  Proceed 
to  footpath  at  back  of  school-house  on 
N.  side  of  the  oh.  for  view  of  the 
valley  and  hills  beyond.  Of  the  2 
monumenlal  pillEus  which  are  visible, 
that  on  rt.  denotes  the  spot  where  the 
brothers  Cbeeryble  (v.  infra)  threw 
the  stick  which,  in  accordance  with 
tie  direction  it  fell,  was  to  determine 
the  place  where  tliey  were  to  seek 
their  fortune. 

Exeaniotu. — (a)  Walk,  or  by  rail, 
to  Bochdale,  6  m.,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  valley  of  the  Bocb,  which  is  very 
pretty.    (6)  By  mil,  up  the  valley  of 


74 


SffliY  ST.  EDMUND'S. 


the  Irwell,  to  Summerieat,  5  w.,  a, 
maaDfacturing  village,  chiefly  depend- 
ent on  tlie  factory  of  the  Me«a».  Grant, 
tbb  ori^inalBof  the  "Brothers  Cheery- 
ble,"  in  '  Nicholas  Nickleby,'  and 
charmingly  situated  at  foot  of  Hoi- 
conibe  Hill,  vhioh  is  crovDod  by  a 
lofty  tower  to  the  late  Sir  B.  Feel. 

Baddiffe,  2}  m.,  Btat.  (Badoliffe 
BridRB),  L.  *  Y.  Ely.  (Inn .-  Boar's 
HeadX  wBH  the  property  and  resi- 
dence of  the  famous  family  of  Kad- 
dyfle  since  the  time  of  Henrj'  H.,  and 
one  single  tower,  in  mins,  is  left  to 
mark  where  they  lived.  Eaddiffo  is 
famuuB  in  ballad  literature  for  the 
tragedy  of  "  Fair  EUen  of  Badoliffe." 

Busy  Dit«hb,  tee  Jtsbop'i  ChcUe. 

Bury  nt.  Eamimd'H  (Suf- 
folk), SUt,  Gt.  E.  Bly.  Jnnc 'Angel, 
nearly  opposite  the  Abbey-gate ;  Bell, 
in  the  Comhili ;  Suffolk,  Butter-mai- 
ket  This  Iowa  is  regairded  by  the 
people  of  Suffolk,  from  its  good  air  and 
pleasant  position,  aa  the  "  Montpellier 
of  England-"  It  is  still  a  prosperous, 
brisk  town ;  and  on  the  eastern  edge 
of  it  runs  a  range  of  monastic  ruins, 
to  which  the  stranger  is  admitted  oa 
payment  of  6(i.  The  former  import- 
ance of  Bury  SL  Edmund's  was  en- 
tirely owing  to  its  famous  Abbey, 
the  remaiuB  of  which  are  still  of  very 
great  interest  The  site  of  Bury  St. 
Edmimd'i  is  first  known  as  "  Beodrics 
Weorth"  — the  "  wwrth,"  or  bome- 
■,  of  Beodric 


monastery  in  honour  of  the  Vi 
Beodrics  weorth  is  not  again  menti 
luitil  it  became  the  resting-place  of 
8t  Edmund.  little  more  is  known 
with  certainty  of  St.  Edmund,  King  of 
East  Anglia,  than  that  he  was  de- 
feated and  MUed  by  the  Danes  about 
the  year  870.  About  94S,  Edmund, 
son  of  Edward  the  Elder,  is  said  to 
have  granted  to  the  college  of  seculars 
a  charter  which  gave  them  ji)risdiotic~ 
over  the  town,  and  for  a  space  of  oi 
mile  round  it.  In  the  course  of  the 
long  fight  between  the  seculars  and 
the  regulars,  the  former  were  deolared 
uD£t  guardians  of  so  great  a  treasure 
aa  St  Edmund's  body  i  and  a  ] 


diotine  named  Ailwin  was  appointed 
its  protector.  Ailwin  (1021)  laid  the 
foundations  of  a  new  church,  which 
was  twelve  years  in  building;  and 
thus  established  tbat  great  monas- 
tery which  soon  became  one  of  the 
wealthiast  and  noblest  in  England. 

The  shrine  of  St.  Edmund  was  the 
chief  religious  centre  of  Eastern  Eng- 
land. Hence  the  number  of  tojaX 
pilgrims,  who,  fran  time  to  time, 
visited  it  A  Parliament  was  held 
here  by  Hen.  ItL  in  1272,  and  by 
Edw.  I.  in  1296. 

The  sit«  of  the  monastery  is  uow 
the  property  of  the  Maiquia  of 
Bristol.  The  Jii)ey  Gate  (fronting  the 
Angel  Hotel)  was  the  chief  euttanoe 
to  the  monastery.  It  is  very  beautiful 
Dec  work,  and  it  affords  access  to  the 
Botanie  Qarden,  a  space  of  ground 
(about  four  acres)  pleasantly  laid  out- 
Many  fragments  and  foundations  of 
the  monastio  buildings  remain  in  the 
grounds.  The  great  chmch  of  St. 
Edmund  stretebed  along  the  S.  side- 
On  the  1,  of  the  abbey-gateway  were 
the  abbot's  stablee,  brewhouses,  tmd 
offices,  of  which  range  of  buildings  the 
~  wall  is  still  perfect.    Sight  of  the 

itaway  were  the  guests'  ball,  a  chapel 
St,  Lawrence,  and  the  abbot's  mint. 
The  embattled  wall  of  the  mint  re- 
mains.  Immediately  in  front  of  the 
gateway,  and  forming  the  eastern  side 
of  the  great  court,  was  the  abbot's 
palaoe,  built  by  Engb  the  Sacrist,  in 
1155.  Of  this,  the  only  remnant  ie 
the  orypt  of  the  abbot's  dining-hall 
(on  the  rt  of  the  main  walk),  gene- 
rally called  the  "Abbot's  Parlour." 
E.  of  the  palace,  was  the  Abbofa 
Cloister ;  attached  to  which  was  a 
small  octagonal  building,  now  called 
the  "Bore-house,"  of  which  it  seems 
to  be  a  very  eatly  example.  At  the 
N.E.  angle  of  the  piecmcts  stands 
the  Abbot's  Bridge. 

Some  mounds  ninaing  W.  of  the 
"Abbofs  Parlour"  mark  the  site  of 
the  great  oltHster.  On  the  S.  side  are 
tba  walls  of  a  building,  which  was 
probably  the  refectory,  and  which  is 
eepeciaUy  interesting,  from  the  fact 
that  in  it  sat  the  parliament  tS  1416, 
presided  ovet  by  Hen.  VI.  la  penou. 


BUSY  ST.  SDMUNDS. 


75 


The  Chureh  of  the  abbey  has  for  the 
most  part  disappeared^  except  the 
basei  of  the  piers  of  the  great  central 
tower  in  the  present  cb.-j^  and 
the  private  gariion  (get  kej  &vm 
keaper  at  the  Abbey  gate)  of  the  Vicar 
of  St.  James's.  The  high  altar  pro- 
bably slood  a  little  to  the  E.  of  tlie 
eaatem  piers ;  and  an  inoctiption  haa 
accordingly  been  placed  af^iost  the 
N.W.  pier,  recording  that,  "Near  this 
spot,  on  the  20th  Nov.,  a.d.  1215,  Oar- 
mnal  lAngton  and  the  Barona  Bwoie 
at  8t  Edmnnd's  altar,  that  they  would 
obtain  irom  King  Jotm  the  latificatton 
of  Magna  Charia."  The  inscriptioiia 
on  other  tablets  will  also  be  read  with 
interest  by  the  Tiaitor. 

Eotnming  through  the  abbey-gate, 
and  proceeding  southward,  Bt.  James's 
Oh.  IS  paeaed,  close  to  wliich  ia  the 
erandj^ormon  Touier,  built  about  1090. 
It  stands  on  a  line  with  the  W.  front  of 
the  abbey  di.  The  tower  afTorda  a 
Taloable  specimen  of  rich  early  Norm. 
work.  It  was  carefully  [estored  in 
1S48,  ondcr  the  direction  of  Ur.  Oot- 
tingbam,  at  a  cost  of  40001. 

St  Jamet'e  Cft.  eitendfl  N.  of  Hub 
gateway,  and  is  a  very  fine  Perp. 
bnilding,  dating  (the  nave)  &om  about 
1436.  A  chancel,  of  late  Deo.  chaiaoter, 
.  was  added  in  1868  (G.  Q.  Scott,  archi- 
tect, who  also  designed  the  roof  of 
the  nave).  Beyond  the  Norm,  tower 
ia  St.  Mary's  CA.  (ask  for  keys  at 
one  of  the  hotises  opposite),  for  the 
most  port  Perp.,  of  the  early  port  of 
the  15th  cent  The  open  loof  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  ootuity,  with  figures 
representing  the  Te  Deum  at  the  points 
ofthe  hammer-beams,  and  small  figures 
of  saittte  on  the  battlemeuted  Hhoft 

tals,  rising  between  each  arch.      

epandreli  also  are  filled  in  with  de- 
uces, all  deserving  careftil  attention. 

The  Police  Station,  in  the  maiket- 
^ace,  known  as  Moyie't  HaU,  was  a 
Jews'  synagc^e,  like  that  at  Lincoln, 
which  is  earlier.  This  is  Trans. 
Norm.,  of  the  12th  cent,  and  has  an 
upper  storey,  resting  on  a  vaulted  aub- 


The  Oaildhall  has  a  Perp.  porch, 
and  an  E.-E.  portal  of  great  beauty. 
All  the  rest  is  modran. 


There  are  some  lemoins  of  SL 
NichoM  HotpiUd  ontside  the  East 
gate.  In  Northgate-road  is  a  portion 
of  the  gatehouse  of  8L  Savioui'* 
Hotpitid,  On  the  I.  side  of  North- 
gate-road is  the  "  TMngkoa,"  a 
mound  which  gives  name  to  the 
Hmidred,  and  which  was  the  ancient 
place  of  assembly  for  the  "  Thing." 

The  Thinghow  Yfas  the  place  of 
execution  till  1766. 

The  Athenxttm,  close  to  Angel 
Hotel,  contains  the  Museum  of  the 
"  Snifolk  Institute  of  Arobaology  and 
Natural  History." 

Exournom. — To  leltviorth  (Marquis 
of  Bristol),  3  m.  from  Bury,  is  a  land- 
mark thronghoDt  the  neignbourhood. 
It  stands  on  high  gronnd,  and  the 
cupola  of  the  centnJ  portion  rises 
to  a  height  of  140  feet.  The  mansion 
is  of  somewhat  fimtastic  character. 
It  contains  some  valuable  pictures  and 
sculptures.  Two  portraits  of  Spanish 
princea  by  Velaioutt  are  especially 
fine.  The  park  la  well-wooded  and 
pleasant  (1800  acres— 11  m.  lomid}. 
In  it  is  an  obelisk  95  ft.  high, 
erected  by  the  people  of  Derry  in 
honour  of  their  bishop,  the  fourth 
Eail  of  Bristol,  who  died  in  1603. 

Chevington  Gh.  (I  m.  8.W.  from 
Ickworth)  contains  TranB.-Noim.  por- 
tioDs  (N.  and  S.  doors] ,  and  a  fine 
obeet  IB  preserved  here.  In  the  vil- 
lage is  a  large  footory  of  soldiers' 
clothing. 

Lit&s  Baxliam  Ch.  m  m.  N.E.  of 
Ickworth)  has  a  remarkable  and  very 
pictoreeque  round  tower.  It  is  Norm, 
(early  12th  cent.).  The  walls  and 
doorw^  of  nave  are  also  Norm,  The 
chancel  is  of  the  15th  cent. 

Hengrave  SaU,  MJ  m.  N.W.  of  Bnry 
(Lady  Kokewode  GogeX  is  one  of  the 
most  interesting  examples  of  a  Tudor 
mansion  remaining  in  England,  al- 
though reduced  to  one-third  of  ite 
original  size.  It  was  begun  by  Bir 
Thomas  Eytaon  about  1525,  com- 
pleted 1538.  The  best  general  point 
of  view  is  at  the  8.W.  angle,  where 
the  rich  details  of  the  Gatehouse,  and 
the  many  windows  and  prqjections  of 
the  long  S.  &ont  group  very  pio- 
turesquSy. 


76 


BUSY  ST.  EDMUyD'S— BUTTON. 


Hengrave  Ch.  vas  rebuilt  in  the 
first  jeatt  of  tha  15th  cent.  The 
totokI  tower  at  the  W.  end  ii  cod- 
ddfliabl;  earlier  than  the  ch.  itself 
and  ia  probably  Norm.  The  chief 
cbjeotB  of  interest  are  the  fine  16tb- 
cenit.  tombs.  The  oh.  at  Ladcford, 
3  m.  W.  of  HeDgrave,  has  a  flne  font 
(temp.  Edn.  I.),  and  2  m.  bejond,  at 
Iddiagham  ch.,  ib  a  Roman  pavement 
and  an  eiquiaite  ch.  cheBt — the  latter 
the  finest  m  England. 

Hvthbrooke  Hail,  3  m.  B.K  of  Bury, 
is  a  large,  red-briok,  moated  mansion 
(Elizabethan).  It  contains  a  large 
collection  of  portraits.  Hawstead  and 
Hardnicke  may  be  visited  on  return- 
ing ftiom  Bnshbrooke.  The  remains 
of  Haailead  Place  are  still  to  be  seen, 
with  a  aQriouB  gateway.  It  is  now  a 
&inihoaBe.  The  Ch.  is  of  flint,  with 
■tone  dressings.  In  it  are  Norm,  doors 
and  arches,  with  an  E.-G.  chancel ; 
abo  a  Perp.  rood-screen  and  lectern, 
and  some  interesting  monomenta  to 
the  Dnuy  family,  &t>m  whom  Dmry- 
lane  in  London  derived  its  name. 

Hardieicke  Houie,  ]|  m.  S.,  contains 
Bome  interesting  pictures  and  por- 
traits, and  a  fine  library,  rich  in 
oounty  histories. 

Bartim  Hali  (Sir  Charles  Bunbury, 
Bart),  3  m.  E.  frem  Bory,  contains 
an  excellent  collection  of  pictures  of 
the  English,  Flemish,  and  Italian 
schools.  There  is  also  a  large  collec- 
tion of  the  drawings  of  Kc.  Banbury 
(nandfather  of  the  present  proprietor), 
whose  '  Humorona  Sketches  of  Men 
and  Manners'  (Bnnbury'e  carica- 
tures) are  celebrated. 

The  Ck.  of  Great  Barton  is  worth 

At  IxvxyiHi,  4  m.  beyond  Barton, 
(he  Ch.,  which  belonged  to  the  Abbey 
of  Bnry,  is  almost  entirely  Perp. 
Mr.  Warren  has  a  large  collection  of 
ooins  and  antiqnities  ibund  in  the 
neis;l>I>ourhood. 

BoninwU  Ck.,  2i  m.  N.  of  Ixworth, 
is  Dec  and  Perp,,  and  has  been 
restored  throughout.  The  nave  roof, 
which  is  good,  is  said  to  have  been 
the  gift  of  Bir  Wm.  Bordewell  (d, 
1434). 

Close  to  the  park  at  Culfbrd  (4  m. 


N.  of  Bury)  is  the  brick  mansion  of 
We*t  Slav,  a  manor  which  belonged 
to  the  AbliotB  of  Bury  until  the  Dis- 
BOlution,  when  it  was  granted  to  Sir 
John  Croftes.  Sir  John  built  the 
halt  and  the  gatehouse,  the  latter  the 
mo«t  interesting  portion  of  the  build- 
log.  Most  of  the  quadrangle  of  the 
house  is  pulled  down,  and  the  re- 
mainder is  nsed  as  a  faimhonse  and 
buildings,  but 
riouB  details  i 

toleraUy  perfect,  and  are  worth  atten- 
tion. The  oh.  cf  West  Stow,  for  the 
most  part  E.-E.,  has  been  restared  by 
BiUttrfidd. 

BcsHET  Pabk,  see  flbmpton  Coart. 

BcsLEY,  see  Tewlu»bvry. 

BvTLEY  Pbiort,  bcc  AMioToagh 
and  Woo^iridga. 

Bdttebbt,  see  Bi*Itop  Am^dand  and 
Durham. 

BcTTBRMEBE,  Bee  Kemmtk. 

BcTTDioTON.  see  W^dipod. 

BtUBALL,  see  Stoamarkel. 

Buxton  (Derby.}— Stats.,  clow 
together.  Midland  Rly.  (163  m.  from 
St.  Panoras),  and  L.  &  N.  W.  Bly. 
IniM.-  The  Palace  H.,  on  a  height, 
with  garden  ;  Railway  H. ;  and  Royal 
H.,  all  near  the  Stats. ;  St.  Anne's  H. 
(best  for  a  halt) ;  Crescent  H. ;  George 
H.;  Burlington ;  Old  HaU  (Boarding 
H.);  MidUnd ;  Lee  Wood  H. ;  and  (com- 
mercial) Shakespeare — bos  been  a 
place  of  resort  for  300  jn.,  on  account 
of  the  virtuoa  of  its  mineral  waters,  and 
itB  hailtby,  though  cold,  situation,  11 OO 
"    above  the^  sea,  and  at  the  very 


Well  o/  8t.  Anae,  under  the  colonnade 
at  W.  end  of  the  Crescent,  furnished 
both  hot  and  cold  water  from  springs 
rising  only  12  inches  apart  The 
Batht  are  in  the  Grenxnt,  a  fine  range 
erected  by  flflh  Duke  of  DeTonshire, 
1780-4.  At  the  htfi\  are  the  stables, 
partly  nsed  for  a  hospital.  Tha 
places  of  interest  near  uie  town  ftre 
SI.  Ann^t  Cliff,  immediately  in  front 
of  the  CreGcen^  the  chief  promenade 
for  invalids ;  the  Pari;  and  Pavilion, 
opposite  Old  Hall  Hotel ;  acd,  on  8. 
Biae,  Uie  Dak^i  Drivt,  a  charming 
WEdk  or  drive  of  about  1  m.,  over- 


caermahtbbn—caersabvon. 


looking  the  vatle;  of  the  Wye.  The 
Exev,T*iim>  are  very  pleaaant  and 
Dumeroua:  (a)  1  m.  W.  to  PoohU 
HdU,  at  foot  of  Grinlow  Hill,  a  stalac- 
tite cavern  about  300  yda.  Iod^.  in 
which  the  Wye  riaes.  Coutinne 
through  Burbaqe,  and  on  the  Leek 
rood,  to  Axe  Edge,  ^  m.,  1750  fl. 
high,  whence  th^  is  a  remarkably 
fine  view  over  the  moora  towards 
Uacclesfleld,  and  tbeuce,  I  m.,  to  Cat 
and  Fiddle  Inn.  Fonr  rivei^  the 
Dove,  Wye,  Dane,  and  Goyt.  rise  in 
Axe  Edge.  (6)  Ij  m.  on  ths  A^- 
bourae  road  to  the  earthwork!  on 
Staddon  ISoor,  retnruing  by  the  Ihilie't 
Drine.  (c)  2  m.  W.,  to  Diamaad  Bai, 
1435  ft.,  on  top  of  which  is  8olonion'» 
Temple,  commanding  a  splendid  view. 
(d)  5  u.  E.  to  Chee  Tor,  a  fine  n>ck 
30O  ft.  high,  aiHTounded  by  the  river, 
passing  by  FairBeld  to  Wonabill,  and 
returning  from  Miner's  Dale  Stat., 
2  m.  E.  (e)  To  Wlialey  Bridge,  S  m., 
for  the  sake  of  the  acenery  through 
which  the  road  pasBes.  Other  Ex- 
ouraiom  are,  Alton  Tmeere,  22  m. 
by  rail,  vid  Leek  (eeo  Alton)  ^  A>h- 
boume  (Bee),  20  m. ;  Askford  (Devon- 
shire Arma),  10  m,,  for  trout  and 
grayling  filing ;  Bakewell  (see),  12 
m. ;  Done  Dale  (seoX  20  m. ;  MoO/mA 
(see),  22  m. ;  MiUa'i  DaU  (see),  6  m,, 
and  Monaal  Dale,  9  m.;  also  to  Biuloui, 
15  m.;  CatOelon,  12  m.;  Chaimixnih, 
15  m. ;  Bdemor,  14  m. ;  Eyam,  li  m. ; 
and  Haddon  Hall,  14  m.  (aee  BlaMeld). 
Waggonettes  lun  daily  to  Chata- 
wotth,  &c. 

Btyleet,  see  Weybridga. 

Btiand  Abbet,  see  ThtTik. 

Cad,  FoKeu  of,  eee  Plymouth. 

Cadbubt  (Jabtle,  see  Sherborne. 

Cadeb  Idbis,  see  Barmouth  and 
DtkgeUey. 

OiDQEVTTB,  see  EdtUm. 

Caboscn,  see  Conway. 

Caebleon,  see  Newport  (Jlfim,). 

Cfk«nnarthen  (Caermar- 
thensh.),  Stat.  G.  W.  Rl j.,  246  m.  from 
London.  Inm  :  'Ivy  Bulh ;  Boar'a 
Head.  The  county  town  Is  Bitoated 
high  on  rt.  bank  of  the  Towy,  and 
poeaesses  considerable  historical  intor- 
eat  The  Panih  Ch.  (reatored)  con- 
Buts,  particu- 


larly one  to  Bir  Bhys-ap-Thomu  (d. 

1S27),  who  Donuuanded  the  Welsh 
under  Henry  at  Bosworth.  Opposite 
to  this,  in  a  niche  in  the  wall,  is  the 
efflg^  of  a  lady  praying,  with  a  qmunt 
inscription.  Hare,  too,  Bir  Biehord 
Steele,  the  eeetiyist,  was  buried.  A 
memorial  brass  on  8.  wall,  erected 
Aug.  IS76,  marks  the  site.  To  E.  of 
the  town  is  the  Parade,  commanding 
fine  view  of  the  vale,  and  beyond  it 
the  Pond-aide,  a  lovely  walk,  looking 
np  the  vale  of  Towy  towards  Merlin's 
Hill  and  AbergwiU  (see).  "Coracles" 
are  nsed  here  by  the  fishermen.    It 


the  roilwa;  station  and  turn  I.  In  the 
Ch.  U  a  monument  to  Sir  B.  Steek, 
withdngularinscriptioD.  6m.toE.of 
Caermartben  ia  FerTytide(Stitt.),tnwih 
frequented  aa  a  watering-place,  and 
celebrated  for  its  extensive  eockle- 
fiabery,  which  presents  an  extraordi- 
nary Bight  at  low  water,  when  the 
Bands  are  covered  with  women,  boys, 
and  donk^B  (Jnni.'  While  Lion; 
Mariners'  Hotel ;  both  clean  and 
homely).  It  overlooks  a  larxe  expanse 
of  Band  at  mouth  of  the  Towy,  and 
the  headland  and  ruined  castle  of 
Llantlephan.  Across  the  river  is  a 
ferry,  and  a  very  pleasant  trip  may 
be  made  to  the  opposite  side  of  the 
eetnary.  3  m.  beyond  Llanstephan  is 
the  decayed  port  and  town  o?  LUut- 
9iarn«(pron.  "lAme")on  rt  bank  of 
the  Taf,  which  is  crossed  by  a  ferry. 
From  here  to  Tenby  it  is  a  beautiAtl 
walk  of  about  15  m.,  through  Jlfarros 
and  Amroth,  where  many  rare  kinds  of 
shells  may  be  found.  On  W.  of  Oaer- 
martben  ihe  railway  runs  to.Sm.,8t 
Clean,  a  little  port  on  the  Taf  (Jon  .- 
Globe,  very  comfortable  and  moet 
moderate ;  favourite  quarters  with 
anglers  fiijiing  in  the  nelghboiubood 
of  Llaughaine,  3}  m.  on  1.),  and  G  m. 
beyond  to  WhUUind  June.,  where  the 
line  branches  off  to  Tenby  and  Pem- 
broke, S.  From  Oaermartheif  the  rail- 
way runs  N.  to  Llandyttil  (for  Cardi- 
gan), and  to  Pencader  for  Meryibnth. 
Clnemarvon  (Caernarvon.), 
246  m.  from  London,  L.  &  N.  W.  Uly. ; 
9  m.  from  Bangor ;  and  2^  hrs.  by  fast 


CAEBNABFON. 


tJain  &om  Chester.  A  steamer  plies 
between  the  quay  aad  the  AagleBe; 
coast  Ima .-  Eoyal  Hotel,  near  statioii ; 
Boyal  and  SportBinBli,  close  to  entrance 
to  Castle :  Castle. 

The  GtuOe,  bnilt  byEdwd  I.,  occu- 
pies a  large  area  on  W.  and  N.W.  of 
the  town,  and  ie  an  irregular  oblong, 
aurroonded  by  high  vatis,  -which  are 
surmounted  at  intervale  %  18  poly- 
gonal towers.  The  principal  eatrance, 
or  King's  Gate,  feces  N.,  nearly  oppo- 
site (^stle-Btroet,  and  is  now  ap- 
proached by  a  flight  of  steps  and  a 
bridge ;  over  it  is  a  gtatue  of  Edw. 
L;  the  S.W.  tower  is  fitted  up  as  the 
town  museum ;  the  W.  portion  con- 
laine  the  state  apartments ;  at  the  ex- 
treme W,  is  the  lofty  Eagle  Totcer, 
BO  ealled  from  mutilated  figures  of 
eagles  on  the  hattlementa ;  in  it  is 
shown  the  room  in  which  Edw.  II.  is 
Bnpposed,tl]oughwronRly,to  have  been 
bom.  The  view  from  the  Eagle  Tower 
is  very  fine.  Et.  of  the  gateway  is  the 
Well  Tower;  the  upper  quadrangle 
contains  on  1.  the  Dungeon  Tower; 
the  CTanary  is  at  the  N.E.  comer,  the 
Bla^  Tower  on  the  S.  side,  and  be- 
tween the  two  the  "Queen's  Oate- 

The  Toim  WalU  were  about }  m.  in 
circumference,  and  eiteoding  from 
the  Eagle  Tower,  after  running  N. 
and  E.,  rejoined  the  castle  near  tlie 
Queen's  Gate;  they  once  had  a  moat 
and  12  semicircular  towers.  The  sea- 
ward gate,  called  ForViryT-aiBr,  leads 
to  a  deligbtfHd  Eiplauade,  running 
along  the  whole  W.  side  of  the  town 
to  the  harbour  and  pier.  A  chapel, 
now  used  as  the  town  CIl,  occupies  a 
portion  of  the  walla  in  the  N.W. 
angle.  From  the  eminence  of  3W 
(Toot)  Em,  at  the  baek  of  the  Boyal 
Hotel,  a  very  fine  view  of  surrounding 
hill-oountry  is  obtained. 

Eceurriimg.— (1)  To  the  NanftU 
Ldkei,  Drwe-y-Coed,  Ac ;  rail  must  be 
taken  to  Pmy^oa  (BtaL),  5i  m.,  the 
nearest  ^int  for  the  two   beautiful 


Tiew  of  Snowdon  olcsiug  the  pass. 
At  3)  m.  fiom  Fenygroes,  near  NanSie, 
is  entered  the  very  beautiful  pass  of 


Druvy-toeA.  On  crossing  head  of  tiie 
pass  at  Bwlch-y-felin.  Snowdon  lies 
immediately  in  front,  Llyn  Cweltyn  is 
seen  I.,  and  on  rt.  the  deeolate  I/I^n-jf- 
gader.  Close  to  the  road  is  the  little 
llyn  DyreuTcKen,  which  has  a  so-called 
fioating  island ;  a  little  f\irther  on, 
and  i  m.  from  Nantlle,  is  reached 
Poitt-Shyddu,  whence  the  tourist  caa 
proceed  by  road  either  9  m.  to  Caer- 


(2)  To  aynnog  (tee).  Ac.  At  i  m. 
the  Seiont  is  crowed ;  a  load  rt.  leads 
to  village  of  lAmfaglan.  Many  rare 
marine  plants  grow  on  the  coast,  at 
extremi^  of  which  is  BeUm,  the  minia- 
ture fort  and  bathing-place  of  Lord 
Nawborough.  1}  ro.  b^nd  croesinf; 
of  the  Seiont,  the  Gwrtai  is  crossed ; 
andl  m.  further  on  isIiEanini(fa;2m. 
beyond  which  is  restored  ch.  of  lAand- 
vmg.  2i  m.  beyond  Llandwrog  the 
Llyffiii  is  crossed,  )  m.  1.  of  which  is 
thecimouB  old  inscribed  bridge  of  Pont-- 


On   B 


9  the 


Boman  camp  of  Craig-y-Ddim 
Foel,  a  British  fortress,  f  m.  beyond 
the  Lljffni  is  cromlech  of  Peoardd,  1., 
IJm.beyoudwhichis  the  pleasant  little 
village  of  CRytmog — Inn .-  Sportsman 
Bach.  (The  tourist  who  wishes  to 
avoid  the  straight  road  from  Llanwnda 
to  Cljnnog  may  follow  the  NantJle 
road  from  Caemarron,  and  turn  off  at 
Penygroes  rt  by  by-road  to  Fout- 
Uyfiii.) 

(3)  To  Beddgeferf,  13  m. 

(i>  To  Snowdon  by  XJonierfo,  9  m, 
(by  rail,  )  br.).  The  most  popular  of 
all  the  excursions  from  Caernarvon. 

(5)  To  JWenai  Bridge,  8  m  ;  Tuhutar 
Bridge,  iB  ID, ;  Songor,  by  coach,  with 
beautiful  views  of  Anglesea,  9  m.  (see 
Bangory.  (6)  To  BeanmaTU,  13  m. 
(7)  To  Bnoudon,  12  m.  (see  JJmiben: 
Beddg^mt).  (8)  By  taking  ferry  to 
Tal^'foei,  exoursioas  may  be  made  to 
8.  part  of  Anglesea  (see  Uangefni, 
Beaiaaaris). 

Biaanee$  by  rail :  Holyhead,  1  j  hr. ; 
Bangor,  i  hr. ;  Conway,  1  hr.  20  min. 

There  are  also  coaches  to  Capel 
Corig,  Bedd^elert  Fortmadoo,  Tan-y- 
bwliji,  Neifin,  and  Edejm.  The 
"  Faiiy  "  steamer  makes  frequent  ex- 
cursions in  summer  along  the  Henai, 


CALSB-CAISTOCK. 


79 


to  Bangor  And  Be&nmariB,  uid  aome- 

times  to  Llasdadiio  and  Moelfre  Bay. 

CAIBFHIU.Y  Castle,  see  Cardif. 

Oazbswb,  see  Nealinm. 

Cakbwent,  see  CheptUm. 

CiiBTBB  Oastlb,  Bee  rarmoidi. 

Oalbourne,  see  Wight,  hie  of. 

Caldecot  Cabtlb,  see  Chtpttov. 

Cauder  Ubiixie,  see  Kfticick. 

Galdbon  Snoet,  Bee  Barnard  CtulU. 

Caluy  IsiAND,  see  Teriby. 

Oallaly  Caotlb,  see  Solhbary. 

Callihotov,  see  Laiuieettim. 

Cain©  (Wilts.).  StoLG.W.Bly. 
Bnmah  line  (6  m.)  from  Chippenham. 
Innt :  Lansdowne  Amu ;  White  Hart. 
The  chief  "indnstn'"  ia  pig-killiiiK 
and  bacoD-Knuing.  The  beds  of  ootoI 
rag  hers  ore  iDtereating  to  the  geo- 
logist. The  country  aioand  is  prett;. 
Those  who  explora  it  will  be  oh«nnM 
by  the  piotnMeqne  inegnlarity  of  the 
oott^es. 

The  Chwrdi  is  a  fine  large  building, 
admirably  restored  by  Slater,  1S64. 

Bmeood,  the  Marquis  <rf  Lang- 
downe's  seat,  ii  2  m.  8.W,  (see  Chip- 
jMnAom). 

The  Lantdoiene  CrUamn  oniintB  a 
lofty  promontory  of  the  chalk  range, 
3}  m,  diabmt.  It  is  erected  -nithiti 
the  area  of  CMbary  Ciulle,  an  eu- 
tnnohment,  to  whioli,  it  is  thought, 
the  Danes  retired  after  their  dOTeat 
by  Alired  in  the  battle  of  Ethanduue. 
Od  the  adjoining  slope  is  the  Cherhill 
While  S[)r«,oiiton  ine  chalky  Broimd 
abont  the  year  1780,  by  Dr.  Alsop,  a 
physician  resident  at  Oalne.  It  is  in 
a  spirited  trotting  attitude,  157  ft. 
&OID  head  to  tail,  and  visible  at  a 
distance  of  30  m. 

JlfaiMl  Eeaih'i  Cotitmn  (see  Chip- 
jwnAoDi)  is  about  2  m.  fliom  Calne, 
across  the  fields. 

Brerakm,  2  m.  N.W.,  was  the  living 
of  the  poet  Bowles  (d.  ISGO).  The 
Ch.  will  repay  a  visit. 

Laeock  Aliey  (see  Chippeahtaa)  is 
6  m.  W.  from  Calne. 

CfklHtOek  (Cornwall).  The 
houses  ere  boilt  irregularly  on  a  steep 
hill  overlooking  and  close  to  the  most 
beautifol  puts  of  tbe  river  Tamar.  In 
summer  time,  steamers  ply  fluently 
from  Devonport,  pi 


aUy  as  far  ■■  tbe  Wtir-Bmd  (22  m. 
frim  Plymouth  Sonnd).  Ysry  pleasant 
tripe  may  be  mado  in  a  rowing:  boat, 
with  the  lida,  fWnn  Baltuh,  or  plaoea 
below  it  (see  Plymotilh,  SamrtioiU). 

JniM :  Tamar  (E.  Dnrber,  proprie- 
tor), small,  homely,  acmpnlously 
oletut,  and  very  inexpensive:  iko 
Ashhurtan  Hotel,  Kelly  Bock,  is  larger 
and  more  pleasantly  situated.  In 
tbe  village  itself,  which  is  dirty  and 
badly  drained,  there  is  nothing  what- 
ever to  attract  the  stranger,  but  the  ear* 
rounding  country  is  very  enjoyable. 
The  Chvreh  stands  at  tlie  top  of  tiie 
hill  at  the  back  of  the  village,  frrai 
which  fine  views  may  be  obtained. 
In  it  are  the  vault  of  Uie  Edgonmbea, 
and  monuments  to  Fierce  Edgonmbe 
and  the  Conntess  of  Sandwiob,  widow 
of  that  Earl  who  was  killed  in  the 
furious  action  with  De  Buyter,  1672. 
On  several  of  the  tombstonea  in  the 
churchyard  are  quaint  epitaphs.  A. 
little  below  the  Ashburton  Hotel,  and 
-  me  side  of  the  river,  is  CotitU, 
the  residenoe  of  the  Ceunleis 
Dowagn  of  Uonnt  Edgoombe  —  ft 
moat  interesting  old  manor-honse, 
begun  in  tbe  reign  of  Henry  TIL, 
and  not  oompleteid  before  that  oF 
Elizabeth — flill  of  ancient  fomilure 
and  fittings.  The  river  seenen-  here 
is  most  beitntiAil,  eapeotally  the  hollow 
at  the  bend  of  tne  stream,  called 
Danuamdie.  Notice  the  chapel  on 
tbe  top  of  a  neighbouring  prelecting 
rock,  built  by  Sir  Bichaid  Edguumbe 
(temp.  Biohard  IIL).  The  walks,  rt 
and  L,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river 
are  also  very  enjojable.  The  foot- 
path through  the  woods,  which  skirt 
tbe  river,  leads  to  Earewood  Hontt 
(the  scene  of  Heson's  drama  of  'El- 
frida "),  now  used  as  offices  fbr  Doohy 
of  Cornwall.  From  this  point  meet 
the  boat  at  the  ferry  opposite  JHbr- 
weWiam,  whence  walk  up  tbe  inotined 
plane  of  the  Tavistock  oanal  to  the 
summit  of  the  Xoraelt  Bockt,  superb 
crags  rising  to  an  immense  height. 
A  path  conducts  along  the  entire 
range,  leading  ultimately  to  the  pio- 
turesque  bridge  over  the  Tamar,  oallol 
Neie  Bridge,  distant  3}  m.  from  To- 


CAMBRIDGE. 


Calwicb  Abbzt,  see  AUon  (Staffs.). 

Cahbo,  Bee  Morpeth. 

Camborn'e,  see  Itedntth. 

Cttmbrldire  (Camba.),  SS  m. 
from  London.  There  iB  one  large  Bty. 
auu.  naed  in  common  bj  the  G.  E„  the 
G.  K.,  the  L.  ft  N.  W.,  Bud  the  Midi. 
BI7B.  The  Stat,  ie  about  1  m.  distant 
from  the  centre  of  the  iawn.  Jnnt: 
(none  very  good)  *BuU  H.,  in  Tnim- 
pington-Btreet ;  Red  Lion  H.,  in  Petly 
Cury ;  lie  UniTersity  Anna,  in  Begent- 
Btrect,  adjoining  Parker's  Piece,  good 
end  quiet ;  the  Hoop,  in  Bridge-street. 
N.B.^Daring  Nowmarket  races  the 
inns  are  thronged — and  some  of  the 
oompan;  is  not  very  choioe — better 
not  visit  Cambridge  at  such  times. 
PoU  OMce  and  Tdertraph  Station  in 
St.  AndreVs-Btreet.  The  best  general 
views  of  Cambridge  nrc  from  the  roof  of 
King's  College  Chapel,  or  from  tiia 
csstle  mound  (see  post)  The  sttnation 
oftfasitown  is  not  so  favourable  or  so 

ELcturesque  as  that  of  Oxford,  but  in 
otb  cases  the  stately  buildings  are 
admirably  set  off  by  groups  and 
avenues  of  magnificent  trees.  The 
prinojpal  oalleiies  are  ranged  along  rt. 
bank  of  the  Cam,  and  behind  each 
extends  a  sweep  of  green  meadow, 
called  the  Backs  of  the  Colleges,  sur- 
rounded by  trees,  which  form  a  deep, 
leafy  soreea  beyond  them.  There  are 
17  collies.  The  head  of  each  is 
the  ''Master,"  except  at  King's,  the 
head  of  which  is  the  '•  Provost," 
and  at  Queens',  whose  head  is  Ihe 
"President."  In  all,  the  Master's 
house  is  calied  tbe  "  Lod^e."  At  the 
entraoce  of  each  college  is  the  FoTter'n 
Lodge;  and  strangers  most  apply  to 
the  porter  in  order  to  see  the  Hall  and 
Cbapel,  Combinatiou  room,  and  Li- 
bMry.  A  great  part  of  the  buildings 
of  almost  every  college  is  compara- 
tively modem.  St  John's  Chapel,  the 
new  front  of  Cains,  the  hall  of  Peter- 
honse,  new  buildings  at  Pembroke  and 
Jesus  College,  and  Master's  Lodge  at 
St,  Catharine's,  bear  testimony  to  the 
skill  and  judgment  of  their  deeignera. 
Cambridge,  in  fact,  including  its 
churches,  affords  a  complete  series 
of  studies  for  the  historian  of  archi- 
tecture.   From  the  slatioa  the  stranger 


is  recommended  to  drive  to  Tromp- 
ingt^n-street.  and  passing  on  L  Kint^s 
College  and  the  Senate  Honse,  to  m- 

rct  the  chief  objects  of  interest  in 
following  order,  commencing  in 
Trioitj-fltteet  witb 

Triniti/  ColUgs  (founded  by  Hen. 
Till.,  1546),  which  consists  of  4  courts 
or  qoadranglea :  the  Oreat,  or  Blahop's, 
Court,  Nevus's  Court,  the  New 
Court,  and  Master's  Court.  It  is  en- 
tered from  Trinity-street  by  the  Grand 
Entraace  Toicer.  Called  the  King's 
Oateviay,  which  opens  to  the  Great 
Court,  the  largest  quadrangle  in  the 
University.  On  the  N.  side  (rt.  on 
entering)  are  the  chapel  and  King 
Edward's  Tower.  On  the  W,  side 
are  the  Master's  Lodge,  Hall,  and 
Combination  rooms.  The  2  other 
sides  ore  occupied  1^  seta  of  rooms; 
and  in  the  centre  of  the  6.  aide  is  b, 
tower,  called  the  Queen's  Tower,  from 
a  statue  of  Mary  Tudor  on  its  ti-ont. 
The  quaint  ondnit  in  the  centre 
of  the  court  was  erected  by  lliMnaa 
Nevilo,  Master  from  1593  to  1615. 
The  Cbapd  is  a  long,  plain  Benaia- 
sance  building.  The  (interior  is 
wainscoted,  as  high  as  the  windows, 
with  carved  oak,  «ie  carving  being  by 
Grinliag  QibborU.  The  music  is  very 
select,  iuid  the  organ  one  of  the  finest 
m  England.  The  autc-chapel  is  full 
of  statues  and  busts  of  former  mem- 
bers of  t^e  college — Lord  Bacon,  Isaac 
Barrow,  Lord  Maraulay,  and  others — 
the  most  attractive  of  all  being  the 
beautiful  statue  of  Newton,  wilfi  the 
prism  in  his  hand,  by  BouMiac.  The 
Hall,  lUU  ft.  long,  is  by  far  the  fluent 
in  Cambridge.  The  portraits  should 
be  noticed.  Adjoining,  and  beyond 
the  "screens"  (as  the  passage  between 
the  hall  and  the  bntteries  is  called), 
is  the  Kitchen,  a  lofty  and  ancient 
apaitment,  north  lookuig  into,  espe- 
cially in  term  time.  The  Matter's 
Lodge  occupies  the  rest  of  W.  side  and 
contains  many  line  spartmeuts,  in- 
cluding a  set  of  state  rooms  used  on 
occsisions  of  royal  visits.  The  judges, 
when  on  circuit,  are  alwajB  lodged 
here ;  and  there  is  a  set  of  looma 
epeoially  eesigued  to  them.  Through 


of  the  h^l, 


NeviWa  Court  ia  entered,  bo  nttmed 
from  its  founder.  Dr.  Nevile,  MiiBf  er  of 
the  oalloge  (d.  161S).  Tbe  Library  in 
acaesBible  to  stnmgerB  daily,  between 
1  ftnd  3.  Tbe  interior  is  very  striking. 
Soata   of   Cambiii^    worthies    are 

Cwd  on  each  boc£ctise,  and  marble 
ta  by  Bonbiliso,  Chantrey,  Woal- 
ner,  &e.,  on  pedestals  in  front  Tbe 
fionta  of  tbe  book-cases  axe  enriched 
with  carving,  in  lime-wood,  by  Gril- 
ling Oihbont.  Many  interesting  hia- 
tone  relica,  inoladiog  Newton'a  tele- 
scope, some  of  bia  MSS.,  &o.,  are 
dopoaited  bere.  At  S.  end  ia  Thor- 
aoMien'a  statoe  of  Byron,  which  wet 
refused  admisaion   into  Westminster 

The  New,  or  Kin^t  Court,  entered 
from  the  arcade,  or  cloister,  on  the  S. 
aide,  was  built  (1823)  by  WiUcins,  at 
a  oost  of  40,000/.  On  tbe  W.  aide  of 
the  New  Court  a  gate  optms  to  the 
CaOege  WaHct.  These  are  very  atrik- 
ing ;  and,  indeed,  the  view  imme- 
diately in  Ihiiit  of  tbia  gateway,  look- 
ing down  the  long  aveoue  of  Itme- 
treea.  ia  probably  the  finest  in  or 


iSiL  John'i  Coliege,  adjoluiDg  Trinily 
OD  the  N.,  conaiatBof  1  diiitiiict  courts, 
3  OD  the  rt.  bank  of  tbe  Cam.  and  ' 
on  the  1.  (boUt  1827-1831).  It  wi 
opened  1S16,  after  the  death  of  the 
fonndress,  Margaret  Countess  of  Bioh- 
mond,  mother  of  Hen.  VII.  It  was 
previously  the  Hoapital  of  St.  John, 
loaoded  1210,  and  may  therefore  be 
regarded  as  tbe  oldest  college.  The 
entrance  gateaay  into  the  first  court 
is  a  cood  and  picturesque  example. 
The  Chapel  (early  Deo.),  begun  ifes, 
was  consecrated  1869  (Scolt,  archi- 
tect). The  tower  is  open  to  the  height 
ofSlfLfromthepuvement  Thiaspacc, 
together  with  the  great  length  (172  ft.) 
and  height  (63  ft.)  of  the  chapel,  the 
richly-coloured  roof  and  windows,  and 
the  intricate  beauty  of  tbe  details, 

?roduce  an  impression  of  grandeur. 
'eterbead  granite,  Devonshire,  Irish, 
and  aerpentine  marbles,  and  black 
and  red  DerWabiie  marble,  have  been 
Qsed.  The  £.  end  fbrma  a  dve-aided 
apse.  A  screen  of  carved  oak  divides 
tliO  ante-chapel  from  the  ch^)el  itself. 


BIDGE.  81 

The  altar  is  of  oak,  with  oatrcd 
panels,  and  has  for  i(a  ton  a  single 
alab  of  Belgian  marUe.  The  ceiluig 
of  the  chapel  is  vaulted  in  oak.  and 
is  of  19  Days,  containing  painted 
flgnrea  of  great  personages,  each  bay 
repreaenting  thoee  of  a  single  centnir. 
The  (tatnea-^IoM  aindotet  are  mainly 
by  Clayton  and  BA  The  Strang 
should  attend  the  Snnday  evenine 
service.  The  chapel  ia  then  filled 
from  end  to  end  with  members  of  the 
college,  wearing  snrplices.  The  publio 
are  admitted  to  the  ante-chapel ;  but 
the  introduotiou  of  a  Fellow  is  required 
for  admission  to  the  obapel  itself.  The 
EaU,  between  the  fltat  and  second 
courts,  baa  beeu  enlarged  and  deco- 
rated under  the  directiim  of  Sir  Q, 
O.  Scott.  The  whole  of  the  N.  end 
ia  new,  together  with  its  oriel.  A 
panelled  ante-room  and  a  fine  oeJc 
staircase  lead  to  the  GalUrs,  now 
used  aa  the  Combination-room.  The 
LibraTy,  which  may  be  reached  through 
the  gaUery.  eitenos  along  liie  N.  aide 
of  the  third  court  (built  1624).  The 
room  renmina  unaltered,  and  is  very 
picturesqne,  with  Its  timbered  roofs,  its 
whitened  walls,  and  its  cases  of  carved 
oak,  black  with  age.  The  Seeond 
Gmrt  (picturesque)  has  searooly  been 
changed  since  its  constmotion  (15SS- 
1602).  The  Third  CmH  was  flniahed 
in  1624.  The  cloiater  on  ite  W.  side 
and  the  front  to  the  river  are  worth 
notice.  An  additional  Court,  across  the 
river,  was  begun  in  1827,  and  com- 

flet«d  in  1831  {BidemaTi,  architect), 
t  is  approached  by  a  covered  Gothic 
bridge  over  the  Cam.  It  has  a 
cloister,  with  a  lofty  entrance  gateway 
on  tbe  B.  aide,  and  on  the  N.  a  lantern 
tower  rises  above  the  roof.  A  foot- 
bridge now  connects  the  walks  of 
Trinity  and  St.  John's. 

GonviUe  and  Caiut  College  ia  aa 
called  from  its  2  founders,  but  ia  beat 
known  aa  Cuius  CoUegt  (pron.  Keys). 
The  old  buildings  well  deserve  notice, 
but  the  college  haa  been  greatly  altered 
and  enlai^ed  of  late  years.  The 
principal  entrance  ia  beneath  a  lofty 
tower,  part  .of  the  New  Court,  tkmting 
the  Senate  House.  The  architect  of 
the  New  Court  is  Mr.  Waterhoase.   It 


CAMBSIDGE. 


was  begun  in  1867,  and  is  one  of  the 

most  conspicuous  and  onuunental 
buildings  of  tbe  Universitj.  The 
fow  of  projecting  heads  represents  the 
priociiMJ  worthies  of  the  College,  each 
with  his  name  inscribed  below.  A  pas- 
sage on  W.  side  leads  into  the  smaller 
court  of  the  Old  College,  hnown  as 
Caiiu  Court  (1564^1573).  The  "  Gate 
of  Raiu/uT  "  &onts  the  Schools.  It  was 
erected  in  1571.  and  is  one  of  the 
most  pleasing  Bpecimens  of  the  early 
Benaissance  m  England  The  "  Qate 
of  Ftrfu«  and  Witdara "  opens  to  the 
New  Court.  It  is  sunnonnted  ^  a. 
peculiar  turret  rising  beside  it.  The 
third  gate,  "The  Gate  o/ EvmaUy," 
has  been  removed  irom  the  Onter 
Conrt  and  a  new  gate  erected.  The 
Inner  Court,  iiiced  with  stone  in  the 
last  centuif,  is  known  as  Oonville 
Court.  Between  tbe  2  courts  is  the 
Chapd.  The  HaU,  reached  irom  the 
Inner  Conrt,  was  built  by  Stdvin  in 
1854. 

i  with  Caius   College,  but 
"   'fa  lane,  are  the 

.    . .  the    UniveiHity 

Library. 

Tbe  Senate  Eoaie  (answering  to  the 
Sheldonian  Theatre  at  Oxfoni)  was 
hegun  in  1722,  and  opened  1730.  The 
arehitect  vas  James  Gibbs.  The  in- 
terior is  fine,  with  an  enriched  ceiling, 
and  contains  statues  by  Bjsbrach  and 
others ;  the  most  noticeable  is  Nolle- 
kens'  slatue  of  Wm.  Pitt  the  younger. 
AH  degrees  are  conferred  here.  The 
entrance  to  the  SchooU  and  to  the 
Xhiiveniiy  Library  is  through  tbe 
arcade  which  runs  N.  and  6.  et  right 
angles  to  the  Senate  House.  The 
iSchooIi  fonu  a  small  quadrangle,  the 
upper  storey  of  whieh  is  appropriated 
to  the  Library.  The  Divinity  Lecture 
Rooms  are  on  the  S.  side,  immediately 
at  the  back  of  tiie  arcade;  the  Arts 
School  (used  by  Profassora  for  lec- 
tures) is  W.;  Mid  tbe  Law  Behool 
(also  used  by  Ptofeesors)  is  on  the 
8.  side. 

Tbe  Unieertify  Library  is  open 
daily  fimn  10  to  4.  Struigers  must 
be  accompanied  by  a  member  of  the 
University.  It  is  entered  by  a  stair- 
caEO  at  the  S.W.  comer  of  the  arcade. 


ground-floor  of  the  N.  aide.  The  New 
Library,  erected  by  CockereU,  B.A. 
(1837-1842),  is  a  very  noble  room, 
167  ft.  long,  3G  ft.  high,  and  45  ft. 
wide.  The  Libra^  is  entitled  (like 
tbe  Bodleian  and  the  British  Museum) 
lo  a  copy  of  oven'  new  book  pub- 
lished in  the  kingdom.  At  the  West 
end  some  MBS.  are  exhibited  under 
glass,  including  a  very  fine  MS.  of 
Wicklitfe's  Bible  on  vellum.  There 
are  also  the  first  Caxton,  and— the 
greatest  treasnre  of  ail— .Uie  'Codex 
Bezte,'  a  MS.  of  the  Gospels  and  Acts 
of  the  Apostles,  in  Ore&  and  ItfLtin, 
given  by  Theod.  Bcza  in  1581.  Any 
book  can  be  taken  out  of  the  Library 
by  members  of  the  University,  and 
may  ba  kept  for  a  quarter  of  a  year. 

At  the  back  of  Cains  College  is 
TVtnitif  Hall,  which  contuns  litUe  of 
interest  to  the  stranger  except  a/o«n- 
der's  cup,  which  is,  no  doubt,  the  oldest 
piece  of  plate  remaining  ia  the  Univer- 
sity. It  alone  retains  the  name  of 
HaU,  to  diatingoish  jt  tiom  Trinibj 
CoUege.  Tbe  buildings  have  all  been 
modernised  or  rebuilt — the  front  from 
a  design  by  Salvin— after  1852.  Tbe 
Chapd  was  refitted  in  1729. 

In  a  Jino  with,  and  S.  of  TriniW 
HaU  is  CtaTB  College.  The  exterior  la 
tbe  chief  Bight  for  the  visitor,  The 
present  buildings  were  begun  about 
1638,butnotfinlBhcduntill715.  The 
single  court  of  which  t^e  college  eou- 
sis^  is  perhaps  tbe  most  pleasing  in 
the  Uoiversl^ — -exhibiting  the  archi- 
tecture of  the  ITlh  cent  with  purity 
and  grace.  The  gateway  tewaids  the 
street,  with  its  quaint,  lantern-like 
windows,  and  tbe  fiue  river  front, 
should  be  especially  noticed.  Tbe 
Library  contains  one  of  the  laio  folio 
Bibles  of  Sixtus  V.  Tbe  Foiion  Cup 
of  Clare  is  kept  in  the  Master's  lodge, 
and  is  corions  and  beautiful.  Beyond 
the  court,  a  bridge '  crosses  tbe  tiv&:, 
and  opens  to  a  very  beautifU  avenue 
of  elm-bees. 

Nearly  opposite  the  front  of  Clone 
is  tbe  unfinished  gatmixiy  of  the  old 
court  of  King'*  Collage,  which  it  is 
te    be    hoped    may   be     evprtnally 


notked  into  a  fittinti;  entMDOS  for 
tbe  pieseat  comt.  This  coiut,  in  the 
{ower  port  of  the  CockereU  bmld- 
ing,  now  contoiiiB  the  Woodvjardian, 
or  6felogi«(U  Mtuemn,  open  doily  from 
10  to  4.  Origiiutiiig  &om  the  tteqaest 
irf  Dr.  Woodwaid,  who  died  in  1728, 
imd  comprimng  many  fine  and  distiiict 
oolleciions,  it  is  now  one  of  the  moBt 
iuterMting  and  inatrnoliTe  in  England. 
Tbe  Tieitor  will  do  well  to  give  his 
cliief  attention  to  the  fine  examples 
from  the  Oambridgeeliiie  fens  and 
gravel  beds. 

Betrnning  into  Trompington-otreet, 
Great  81.  Man^»  Ch.  U  conapicnoiu 
on  the  oppodite  side  of  the  street.  This 
is  the  UiuverBity  Ch.,  which  has  a  fine 
peal  of  bells  and  chinuA.  The  passage 
beside  it  leads  into  the  Market-flaee, 
where  butter  is  sold  bjr  the  yard.  The 
prat  of  Tnunpington -street  fronting 
King's  College  is  known  as  King'i 

Kintfa  (kiSege  is  entered  from  King's 
Koade  through  a  modern  buttressed 
screen,  pierced  with  openings  filled 
with  tnuerf.  Tbe  college  was  founded 
by  the  "royal  saint,"  Hen,  VI.,  in 
I14l>-1443,  and  in  immediate  connec- 
tion with  the  college  fbnnded  in  the 
same  period  by  him  at  Eton,  ^m  •rhich 
place  tbe  eohoJars,  when  sofBciently 
advanced,  were  to  be  transferred.  The 
great  CAajMi  (choral  service,  open  to 
all,  is  at  4  p ji. ;  on  Siwdajs  at  3.30) 
indicates  the  scale  on  which  it  was  in- 
tended that  all  the  bnildlnga  sboold  be 
completed.  It  is  the  moat  celebrated 
of  sJl  the  buildings  in  the  University, 
and  is  unquestionably  the  finest  It 
occupies  the  whole  of  the  N.  side  of  tbe 
conrt,  and  is  most  imposing  in  its  great 
height  (90  ft.  to  top  of  battlements},  its 
length  (316  ft.),  divided  by  btoad  but- 
tresses into  12  bays.  The  doorvay 
by  which  the  chapel  is  entered  at  the 
W.  end  of  the  S.  side  has  been  called 
the  meet  pleasing  part  of  the  (eiterior) 
design.  Between  the  very  wide  but- 
tresses which  support  the  stone  roof 
are  9  chantries.  The  great  effect 
of  the  inferior  is  produced  by  its 
height  (78  aX  the  solemn  beauty 
and  splendour  of  the  old  stuined  glass 
which  fills  (Jt  the  windows  eseept  the 


W.,  and,  above  all,  by  the  magnificent 
fan-tracei7  <£  the  stone  vaulting.  The 
breadth  of  the  chapel  u  45}  tL  The 
organ-screen  dividing  the  aute-ohapel 
from  the  ohoir  is  placed  nearl;  in 
the  centre  of  the  bnUding.  The 
whole    of  tbe    internal    inlls    ate 


roses,  portonlliseB,  and  fleiu»4e-lyi — 

are  introduced  in  every  direction.  Tbe 
organ-soreen,  of  wood,  is  of  the  time  of 


The  stalls  Sfe  only  in  put  as  old  as 
Hen.  VUI. ;  the  gteatix  portion  is  of 
much  later  dale,  and  is  not  especially 
good.  The  loass  lectern  deserves  do- 
Bce.  The  25  magnificent  mindoai  ore 
justly  celebrated,  and  especially  inter- 
esting.as  they  were  made  fbr  the  place 
they  occupy.  Each  window  contains 
A.  ™.,t,.~.n  3  above  and  2  below  the 
..  .  The  lower  series  (as  a 
whole)  is  a  continuous  chain  of  Gospel 


&om  the  New  Testament  represented 
below.  The  general  arrangement  ty 
type  and  anti^pe  is  of  great  anti- 
quity. A  staircase  in  tbe  N.E.  tunet 
leads  to  the  roof,  whence  sjt  eicellsnt 
of  the  town  is  obtained,  and  of 
onntry  for  a  great  distance  roond 
Cambridge.  The  IMirarg  oontains 
about  12,000  vols.  The  lawn,  W.  of 
the  chapel  and  court,  is  bordered  on 
—  -  ide  \yj  the  btuldingi  of  Clue  Col- 
is  very  suony  and  pleasant,  and 
slopes  down  to  the  river. 

Opposite  King's,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Eing's-parade,  Is  St.  EdwariPi  Ck. 
BeyondT  Kin^s,  on  Hm  E.  side  of 
Trumpin^ton-street,  is  Corpat  ChrM 
College,  ute  buildings  of  wbich  are 
almoat  entirely  mooern.  One  small 
coort  only  of  the  old  bnOdiogs  re- 
mains ;  it  is  covered  with  ivy,  and  is 
rather  plctntesqne  witli  its  steep  roofii. 
The  EaU,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  prin- 
cipal court,  is  said  to  have  beenjMrtly 
designed  after  the  great  bull  of  Kenil- 
worUi.  The  Ltbrary  is  a  good  and 
lofty  room.  Tbe  great  treasure  of  the 
collection,  and  one  of  the  great  tres' 
sures  of  Cambridge,  is  the  HS.  library, 
Q  2 


84  CAMS 

resoned  by  Abp,  Parker  fwm  the 
Btores  of  the  suppreBsed  monaeteries. 
It  oouBista  of  400  toIb.,  bU  interegting 
and  onrioua,  and  stringont  niles  are 
in  force  for  their  preservation  and  safe 
keeping.  At  N.  end  of  the  cx>llega  ia 
Si.  Bmtdicft  Oh. 

A^joimng  Onpna  8.  ia  St.  Bo- 
lelf/i'i  Gh.  Oppcsite  Corptu  Ib  SI. 
Catharm^t  CdOigt.  It  ia  to  be  recog- 
nised by  the  iron  railing  and  grove 
(m  it  is  called)  which  divides  it  from 
Tmmpmgton  -  atreet  The  present 
boilduigs  were  commenced  1680,- 
the  B.  end  of  the  S.  aide  waa  not 
flniehed  until  1755.  The  court  ia 
^ain,  but  l&i  &om  tiad  iu  design. 
The  S(Jl  haa  been  Gothiciaed,  and 
has  hnrdly  been  improved  by  the 
operation.  The  Cha;pd  ia  very  plain, 
bnt  otrntaona  srane  good  earring. 

Qa«muf  CoOega,  at  the  beck  of  Bt 
Oatharme'a,  is  reached  either  by  pass- 
ing through  the  oourt  of  that  oollege, 
or  by  turning  down  Silver- street,  op- 
posite St.  Botolph'a  Ch.  Althongh 
not  one  of  the  most  nnoient  founda- 
tions in  the  University,  it  is  perhaps 
the  moat  picturesque  of  all  the  col- 
leges, and  retains  its  antique  character 
more  completely  than  any  other.  The 
Kwad  OMUt,  and  the  view  In  the 
garden  court,  are  Ten  pietnieique. 
The  wrfroBcB  Uneer  of  briii,  witJi  tur- 
rets at  the  angles,  is  part  of  the 
original  building  (oompleted  about 
1499).  In  the  jira  ooort  are  the  b^ 
and  ohapel.  The  old  roof  of  the  EaU 
has  been  restored,  and  the  windows 
filled  with  stained  glass.  The  inner 
court,  surrounded  by  a  narrow,  low 
cloister,  is  very  qnarnt  and  tmasnal, 
and  recalls  the  cloister  court  of  some 
old  German  monastery.  The  Presi- 
dent's Lodge  ia  on  the  N.  The  long, 
low  gallery,  with  window  recesses, 
its  old  fumitura  and  pictures,  is  ex- 
ceedingly striking,  which  of  oonrae  ia 
only  to  be  seen  by  special  permission. 
S.  of  the  Cloister  Court  is  that 
called  &annua'  Court ;  the  site  of  the 
rooms  occupied  by  that  great  scholar  is 
pointed  out.  Across  the  river,  which 
is  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge,  rebuilt 
in  1746,  ia  a  terraoo  at  the  water  side 
overhnng  by  fine  elms,  and  known  as 


Enumi^  WaUt,  or  more  oommonly  as 
"Th«  Grove"  It  should  be  visited  for 
the  view  of  the  college  and  river  ob- 
tained (rom  it. 

Returning  to  Trumpingtou-street, 
on  the  rt.  (the  W.  side)  is  the 
Pitt  Press— the  TJniverrity  Printing 
Press— buUt  (1831-1833,  and  named 
after  William  Pitt  the  younger,  who 
was  M.P.  for  the  Univereity]  &0D1 
the  residue  of  a  subscription  fund, 
which  had  first  paid  for  Westmaootf  s 
statue  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  the 
bronze  statue  iu  Hanover-aqnare.  The 
architect  was  Eduxtrd  Blore.  Witb 
its  lofty  tower  facing  the  street,  it  is 
one  of  the  most  coospicuona  ol^eetg  in 
Cambridge. 

Pembroke  College  (I.  of  the  street 
after  passing  the  Pitt  Press)  contains 
little  to  interest  the  visitor  except  ita 
Chapel.  It  was  enlarged  in  1876. 
The  Chapd  was  designed  by  Sir 
GhrUUipher  Wren,  and  was  one  of  his 
earliest  worka.  The  preaent  Library, 
at  the  N.W.  comer  of  the  first  court, 
was  the  old  obapel. 

Little  St.  Mary's  Ch.  is  close  to 
the  entrance  of  8t.  Peter's  OoBege, 
better  known  aa  Feterhouse.  Al- 
though the  oldest  college  in  Cam- 
bridge, it  displays  in  its  buildings 
few  marka  of  antiquity.  The  Chapd 
and  the  new  HaU  are  ita  most  interest- 
ing portions.  The  former  has  some 
ancient  and  beautiful  windows. 

Beyond  BL  Peter's,  on  the  samo 
side  of  the  street,  is  the  FilaeiUiajn 
JUuseum,  It  is  open  to  all  persons, 
from  10  to  4,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays, 
and  Saturdays ;  on  other  days  it  ia 
necessary  to  be  introduced  by  a  gradn- 
ate.  The  Library  ia  open  only  ti> 
graduates  of  the  University,  who  may 
introduce  their  friends.  It  is  perhaps 
the  finest  classical  building  of  tbo 
present  century  in  this  counUy.  The 
architect  waa  George  Bssevi.  The 
lofty  Grecian  portico  ia  very  impos- 
ing. This  Museum  was  erected  in 
accordance  witii  the  will  of  Richard 
Fitzwilliam,  Visoount  Fitzwilliam, 
who  died  in  181G,  and  left  his  pie* 
turoa.  library,  and  works  of  art  to 
the  University,  together  with  a  sum 
of  100,0001.    Other  works  of  art  havo 


been  piuobaaed  and  beqneathed,  and 
tlie  HoBeam  coutBiiu  piotnras,  statnee, 
books,  and  enia:raTtDgB  of  great  inlereet 
and  value.  Tha  entrance  hall  and 
alairs  are  exceedingly  splendid — en- 
riched with  marblea,  granite,  Ac. 
(arcliitect,E.  M.  Ban?).  On  tlie  fewer 
storey  are  the  Boolptare  Gnller;,  the 
Librarj  (only  aooassible  throngb  a 
memb^  of  the  UaiTersity),  end  the 
coUectioQS  of   the  Cambridge  Anti- 

Sarion  Society.  On  the  vpper  are 
e  pictures.  These  include  works  by 
Titian,  Paul  Verouese,  Canacci,  and 
Pouasin.  ixaai  the  Orleans  Gallery. 
There  are  aUo  2S  drawings  by  Turner, 

S'len  tothoUmTereitybyMr.  Euskin, 
je  antiquary  will  be  mnoh  inter- 
ested in  a  remarkable  and  admirably 
displayed  collection  of  Greek  coins. 
1  AddetH/roo^^x  Haipital  (on  the  1. 
^ler  passing  the  Fitzwilliam  Moseum) 
was  founiled  under  the  will  of  John 
Addenbrooke,  fellow  of  Catherine  Col- 
lege, in  the  chapel  of  wbich  he  is 
buried  (1719). 

A  short  distance  further  I,,  at  the 
end  of  a  waterconrse  formed  by  the 
town  and  TniTersity  in  1610,  is  Hob- 
nm'i  Conduit,  a  piotnresque  hexagonal 
structure,  with  niched  recesses  and 
an  ornamental  capping.  The  Thomas 
Hobson  who  helped  to  erect  this  oon- 
dnlt  in  1614,  and  bequtatbed  land  for 
its  perpetual  maint^ance,  waa  a  car- 
rier between  Cambridge  and  London, 
and  a  great  benefactor  to  the  Uni- 
Tersity  and-  town.  The  oondnit  stood 
upon  the  matket  hill  from  1611  to 
185S,  when  it  was  erected  on  its  pre- 
sent dte  hy  public  sabsoription  (Hob- 
son  was  the  Hobson  of  "Hobson's 
choice,"  and  the  subject  of  two  epi- 
taphs by  Hilton,  who  waa  of  Christ's 
College  close  by  his  establishment). 
On  ],,  akiiting  the  brook,  is  the 
"  Senior  Wranglers'  Walk,"  which 
passes  the  principal  entrance  of  the 
Batanio  Garden,  a  space  of  21  acres, 
well  and  pleasantly  laid  out  and 
planted.  It  is  open  daily,  with  Little 
restriction,  but  the  Greenhouses  can 
on^  be  entered  between  1  and  1. 

Betnmlng  to  Downing-terrace  by 
the  north  entraooe  of  the  garden,  and 
tannng  down  Qie  Tennis  Court-road, 


Dotmung  CcSega  is  reached  it.  This 
is  the  yoongeot  of  the  ooU^^es.  begun 
May.  ISOT  (aKhitect  Wm.  Wilkins). 
Walking  down  this  avenoe,  in  Itoai 
of  the  college,  the  riaitor  will  enter 
Downing-Btieet,  oppoaite  tbo  Nete 
Mtuemu,  which  oontMos  some  flue  and 
intereating  oolkctienB  in  uatimd 
history.  On  the  gronud-flooc  is  tbs 
Muteum  of  Com^forative  Jimiony, 
arranged  by  the  late  Dr.  Clskdc,  Pro- 
fessor of  Anatomy  from  1814.  The 
Cambridge  Fhilosophioal  Society  hold 
their  meetings  here. 

Taroing  E.  through  Downing-atieet^ 
St.  AndreVs-street  is  entered  imme- 
diately opposita  Emmanuel  CoUege, 
founded  on  the  site  of  a  Dominican 
convent,  portions  of  the  ancient  build- 
ings of  which  were  (it  is  asserted) 
worked  into  those  of  the  new  ooltege. 
The  chief  point  of  interest  is  &e 
Library.  The  Chapd  was  designed 
Sir  C%rMopA«r  Fren,  and  coa- 
sted in  16T7.  The  HaU  has  a 
good  ceiling. 

A  short  distance  S.  of  Emmanuel, 
opening  &om  Begent-stieet— a  ooo' 
tiDuation  of  St.  Andrews-street — is 
Parket'i  Piece,  a  wide,  open  green, 
where  cricket-matches  and  various 
athletic  sporta  are  held ;  but  the  chief 
"athletic  quarter  is  the  University 
(jricket  gronnd,  commonly  called  Feu- 
net's,  on  the  farther  aide  of  Parker's 
Piece.  There  are  also  excellent  fiicUi- 
ties  for  bathing  in  the  upper  pert  of 
the  Cam,  near  Granlchealer  (poaf). 

On  the  8,  aide  of  Parker's  Piece  is 
the  Borough  Gaol. 

Betuming,  and  passing  Emma- 
nuel College,  Chritffi  CeUege  is  reached 
at  the  junction  of  St.  AntbeVs-street 
with  the  Petty  Cury,  Mobson's-lane, 
and  Sidney-street  This  ootl^^  is 
chiefly  interesting  from  its  associations 
with  the  author  of  'Paradise  Lost.' 
Atillon's  rooms  are  still  pointed  out, 
and  an  ancient  mulberrv-tree,  said 
to  have  been  planted  by  !um,  is  still 
carefully  preserved  in  the  garden. 
The  collie  also  possesaes  an  original 
model  in  clay  of  the  head  of  Milton. 
The  eastern  side  of  Tree-emirt,  built 
about  1642,  desorvea  notice.  The 
deaign  is  aftribnled  to  Injgo  Jones, 


CAMBBIDOE. 


GhrUitt  Fieee  ia  an  open  green  at  8. 
side  of  the  colle^  A  mtli  leads 
dfredlf  aonma  it,  oroBdng  JeenB-laoe, 
to  Hidmmmsr  Oommou  and  the  boat- 
bouaes. 

Sidney  Siutex  CkHege  is  on  tl 
Bide  of  Sidney-fltreet.  Tba  ptesest 
Chapel  was  bnilt  iu  1776.  Oliver 
OomusB  nas  admitted  a  Fellow 
Oonunonei  ot  this  colleKs  in.  1616.  In 
tiie  dining-room  of  the  Master's  Lodge 
hBngi  the  &mouB  orayon-diawing  of 
Cromwell  by  Samoel  Cooper. 

JesuB-Iaue.  between  Bidney  Snasei 
College  and  Bridge-street,  leads  to 
Jatiu  Cbileae.  It  ia  remotely  placed  on 
the  it.  bank  of  the  Cam,  which  makes 
a  direct  bend  to  the  8.E.  after  pasriug 
St  John's.  The  principal  attraction 
is  the  Chapd  (to  be  seen  between  12 
and  4),  the  most  interesting  Qothio 
bnilding  in  Cambridge.  The  site  of 
Jeeos  was  (hat  of  a  Benedictine 
nnnnery,  foanded  abont  1133.  The 
college  is  entered  by  a  lofly  ~"'" 
tower  of  brink,  bnilt  soon  aftei 
fonndation  in  1497,  and  very  good. 
The  doorway  between  the  2  courts 
ahonld  be  noticed.  The  Sail,  on  tbe 
E.  side  of  the  cloister,  oocapies  the  site 
of  the  old  refectory ;  it  has  a  good 
Too^  apringmg  tram  eioeUent  co^s, 
and  a  xery  el^ant  orieL 

The  Combinaiiim  Boom  is  rich  In 
portraits. 

A  path  aorosa  Jesna-Iuie  and  Mid- 
gommer  Common  leads  to  the  boai- 
homet.  Boating  is  tbe  principal  re- 
creation of  the  collegians.  Eacb 
ooUege  has  its  boat-club,  with  a  dis- 
tinctive drees.  The  men  get  into  their 
boats  at  the  boat-honees  about  half- 
past  2  r.u.  dnriag  the  winter  terms, 
and  from  5  to  9  p.h.  in  summer-time, 
uid  paddle  down  to  the  laoing- 
gnmna,  which  commences,  or  rather 
ends,  at  Ckaimion.  The  other  end  of 
the  oonrse  is  at  BaitMU  Slm<:e, 
When  the  boats  are  praotising  in 
term-time,  the  speotaole  u  very  lively. 
Even  to  those  persons  who  are  not 
interested  in  boating,  the  "Long 
BcAch"  at  such  times  is  worth  a  visll 
The  principal  races  are  in  the  May 
Term,  in  tbe  evening,  and  axe  wit- 
nessed b^  a  large  conconrse  of  spec- 


tators. They  famish  scenes  of  great 
excitement.  At  the  end  of  tbe  seesos 
the  boats  go  in  proceaaioa  through 
tte  colleges  to  that  pait  of  the  rivei 
which  is  at  the  bottom  of  King's  Col- 
lege lawn.  This  is  a  speoUclo  which 
ia  always  attended  by  as  many  people 
as  can  get  within  sight  of  it 

Betnming  by  Jeans-lane,  and  enter- 
ing Bridge-street,  St.  Sepulchre's  and 
8t,  element's  Churches  are  passed  rt. 
Adjoining  St.  Sepulchre's  are  the 
boildings  of  the  Cambridge  Union 
Society,  a  society  resembling  the 
"  Union "  at  Oifbrd.  The  architect 
was  Waterhonse.  The  Com  ia  then 
crossed  by  the  so-called  "  Qreat  Bridge'' 
at  the  end  of  Bridge-street.  Across 
the  bridge  is  Magdalene  College,  the 
whole  of  which  is  situated  on  the  1. 
bank  of  the  Cam. 

The  interest  here  is  almost  entirely 
confined  to  tbe  Pepyiian  LibraTy,  left 
to  the  college  by  Samuel  Pepys,  author 
of  the' Diary,'  who  was  ednoated  here. 
Some  nations  of  the  older  oolIeKe  re- 
main, but  the  only  building  of  interest 
is  the  Pepysian  Library,  built  about 
1G8S.  Books  can  be  seen  or  ccmsnlted 
by  special  permission  only.  Among 
its  treasntes  it  contains  many  early- 
printed  books  by  Caxton,  Wynkyn  de 
Worde,  and  ^nsott,  and  also  Mr. 
Fepys*  famous  '  Diary,'  from  Jan.  1, 
1659-60,  to  May  81, 1669,'  in  6  vols., 
written  tbroughonl  in  <wpber.  The 
Chapel,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  first  court, 
was  restored  in  1947.  The  Hall  has 
a  very  picturesque  double  staircase  at 
the  lower  end,  leading  to  tbe  Combina- 
tion Hoom. 

Beyond  Magdalene,  paa^g  the 
churdies  of  St.  Giles'  (rt.)  and  St. 
Peter's  (1.),  the  Ca»ile  ffOi  is  seen  rt. 
The  County  Comie  (adjoining  the 
coed)  were  built  in  1812.  Passing 
through  the  gate  on  their  lower  aide,  a 
path  will  be  seen  leading  to  the  Oastle 
mound.  The  Norm.  Celtic  was  built 
here  by  tbe  Conqueror  on  his  retom 
Itom  Tork  in  1068.  Portions  of  the 
ruins  were  used  for  the  bnilding  of 
King's  Hall  and  Chapel  and  Trinity 
Ohapel.  The  Oatehouse  was  only 
removed  in  1842,  when  the  County 
Courts  were  built,    The  view  &oni 


the    Csetle    mound    is    irell    wortti 

The  gimmds  of  the  diiferent  ool- 
k^B  extending  >loiig  the  river  are 
not  connected,  bat  the  Tiulor,  if  be  has 
time,  should  walk  along  thooontinnoiu 
road  into  which  the;  all  open.  The 
trees  boidering  it  ate  fine,  and  the 
views  Bometimei  striking. 

Csjnhridge  is  rioh  in  ekurehe»,  three 
of   whioh   are  espeoially   interesting, 

Oreat  8t.  Xarift  (in  Tnunpington- 
street)  is  the  chvroh  of  the  UtUTenitf . 
It  is  entirely  late  Perp.  (1178-1519). 
There  is  a  good  oak  roof,  a  fine  aild 
lofl;  clerestory,  and  the  monldings  of 
the  arches  deoerve  notice.  Stalls  nave 
been  pUoed  in  the  chancel,  and  open 
seats  in  the  nave  and  aisles.  The 
chancel  ms  restored  in  16S7.  The 
Univerdt;  sermons  are  preached  here 
on  Snnday  afternoons  taii  on  Saints' 
Days. 

St.  Benedieei  (turning  E.  out  of 
Trmnpiugion-street  nearly  opposite 
the  Bnll  Hotel).  The  tower,  which 
has  long  and  short  work  at  its  angles, 
and  remarkable  nindows,  divided  by 
btdnsteis  in  its  upper  storey,  is  very 
probably  pre-Norm.  The  most  strik- 
ing feature,  however,  of  this  church  is 
the  interior  tower-aroh,  opening  to  the 
nave.  It  waa  in  1869  ciearod  from 
palleries  and  other  enctimbrancet^  and 
IB  certainly  one  of  the  most  noticeable 
Komanesqoe  arches  in  the  country. 

The  Church  0/  the  Eolv  Sepiddire 
(in  Bridge-street^  opposite  vxe  opening 
of  St.  Jahn's-street)  is  one  of  the  4 
English  round  churches.  The  cironlar 
portion  of  the  church  is  Norm.,  the 
new  chancel  of  Perp.  character.  The 
whole  has  been  reetoted. 

At  the  village  of  SamvieU  (really 
the  parish  of  St.  Andrew  the  Less), 
extending  B.  of  Jesus  College,  along 
the  rl  bank  of  the  Cam,  is  St.  Andrew's 
Oh.,  onoe  attitched  to  Barnwell  Priory. 
Of  the  Priory  there  are  very  scanty 
remains, 

A  short  distance  beyond  Barnwell 
Priory  (between  it  and  the  railway 
station)  is  Btourbridg*  Chapd  (long 
disnsed),  well  worth  a  visiL  It  was 
the  chapel  of  a  hospital  for  lepers, 


fbouded  some  time  before  1199;  and 
is  Norm.,  with  some  later  additions. 
It  condsia  of  a  small  nave  and  chan- 
cel. The  chancel  windows,  with  rioh 
jamb-shalts  and  zigatg  mouldings,  the 
string-coursee,  exterior  and  interira, 
with  saw-tooth  tmumenta ;  the  chan- 
cel arch,  rich  Norm,  with  much  orna- 
ment ;  and  the  N.  and  B.  portals,  all 
deserve  attention.  Near  ttus  ch^Ml 
is  still  htAdStourimdg«  Fair,  sappoaed 
to  have  originated  in  the  grant  of  a 
fair  to  the  Hospital  by  Sing  John, 
and  probably  the  original  of  Bunyan's 
Vanity  Fair.  It  was,  during  the 
mediieval  period,  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  important  fairs  in  the  king- 
dom. It  begins  Sept  18,  and  con- 
tinoee  till  Oct.  10.  The  modem  bosi- 
neas  is  enuill,  except  on  Sept.  2S, 
known  as  "  Horse  Fair  day." 

Cavendith  CdOege,  on  tlie  Hills-road, 
near  the  Bly.  Stat,  fonnded  1876,  af- 
fords Bpeolol  advantage  for  yonng  men 
desiring  to  obtain  a  Vntversity  train- 
ing and  degree  at  an  economy  both  of 
coat  end  time. 

Last,  though  not  least,  should  be 
noticed  the  novel  introduction  into 
the  town  of  lady  students.  Two  ladies* 
colleges  are  now  in  operatian — OiTion 
College,  1\  m.  on  the  Huntingdon  road, 
and  SeiBnham  Hall,  at  Hewvham,  e, 
western  suburb. 

WoUit  may  be  taken  to  Tntamiag- 
ion,  2  m.,  a  large,  scattered  village, 
pleasantly  tree-shaded.  Hie  ChurA 
Das  been  well  and  carehilly  restored, 
and  is  well  worth  a  visit.  It  ctmtains 
a  brass  mouument  of  Sir  Soger  de 
Trompington,  tlie  Cmsader.  I'rniup- 
ingtun  Hall,  adjoining  the  ch.,  is  the 
residence  of  H.  W,  Pemberton,  Esq. 
From  Trumpinglon  the  return  to  Cam- 


bridge, and  at  Qtantchcster  n 
merly  occupied  by  the  "Miller  of 
Trompington,"  in  Chaucer's  'Oanler- 
bnry  Tales.'  The  site  of  the  old  mlU 
is  now  need  for  waste-water  gates, 
which  admit  the  river  into  a  large 
pool,  genenjly  known  as  "  Byron's 
pool,"  because  the  poet,  when  on  un- 
dergraduate of  Trinity  ()ollege,  is  said 
to  have  tl^qnentiy  bathed  Wiere. 


From  tiie  ch.  of  Grautcheater  is  a 
very  pleasant  walk  to  Cambridge, 
much  used  hj  DoUegiana,  tliroagh  tbe 
meadowB. 

2  m.  from  Trumpiugton,  on  tbe 
road  to  Loudon  through.  Esaex,  are 
the  vei7  pleagant  villa^ea  of  Oreal 
and  LOtU  Shdford.  In  the  former 
ia  the  apritig,  or  Uie  9  welU,  IVom 
vhesoe  Hobson's  water  comes  to  Gam- 
bridge.  The  Dbeliiik  recording  the 
work  of  Hobeon  coaj  be  Been  from  the 
railway.  Great  Shelford  baa  a  fioa 
parish  ob.,  and  in  Little  Shelford  Cb. 
u  a  monument  to  De  Freyille,  a 
onuBding  knight.  About  T  m.  from 
Oambridge  in  this  direction  is  Same- 
bm  Hat,  an  ancient  (15a7-lS81) 
reddence  helonging  to  Mr.  Huddle- 
atone,  the  representative  of  an  old 
Boiuaa  Catholio  family.  When  Lady 
Jane  Grey  was  made  a  claimant 
for  tbe  throne,  Queen  Marj  was  shel- 
tered here,  and  was  coDveyed  thenca 
OD  boraebfwk  behind  a  servant  of  tha 
&mUy  to  Framlingham.  In  the  Hall 
is  a  picture  of  Father  Huddlestone 
holding  np  the  crucifix  to  the  dying 
monarch  Ohaa.  II.  (irfcfe  Macaulay'a 
'Hist.  ofEng.'). 

The  St.  Neof  B  rood,  on  tbe  1.  bank 
of  the  Gam,  leads  to  a  lane  which 
about  Si  m.  from  Oombrit^e  turns  rt. 
to  MadingUy.  Madinghy  Halt,  origi- 
nally built  by  Justice  Hindo  in  die 
reign  of  Hen.  VUI.,  is  a  pictoreeque 
bnilding,  and  oontiunB  some  fine  ai- 
morial  glass.  The  Chureh  stands 
within  ^  Park,  and  is  chiefly  Perp, 
Further  on  is  ChilderUy,  where  still 
renutiDB  tbe  mansion  (property  of  Lord 
Bt.  Leouards)  to  which  Gharlea  I.  was 
taken  by  Comet  Joyce. 

Cheeterioa  is  on  the  1.  bank  of  the 
Oam,  rather  more  than  1  ta.  N.  of 
Cambridge.  Tbe  Ch.  ia  Dec  The 
chancel  is  Perp.  with  rich  sedilia.  At 
Kiag't  Medgei,  in  this  parish,  is  a  la^;a 
oblong  oamp. 

From  Chesterton  the  Ely  road  may 
be  gained,  and  the  walk  may  be  con- 
tinned  to  Milton  (3}  m.  from  Cam- 
bridge). The  Ch.  has  a  Norm,  chan- 
cel arch,  an  early  Dae  oafe,  and  Deo. 
chancel. 

Across  the  Cam,  opposite  Milton,  ie 


Horningtea.  The  Ch.  has  some  late 
Norm.  work.  The  chancel  is  E.  E. 
Tbe  N.  arcade  of  the  nave,  tbe  upper 
alage  of  the  tower,  and  the  aisles  and 
porch,  aro  late  Deo.  The  return  to 
Cambridge  may  be  made  by  fen 
IHttoa,  nheie  ia  a  oh.  with  Bome  E.-E. 
work  of  interest. 

Cherry  Sinbrn,  2J  m,  on  the  rt.  of  the 
Cambridge  and  Newmarket  line,  OOD- 
tains  a  beantiful  E.-B.  Ch.  dedicated 
to  St.  Andrew.  Tbe  richest  portions 
of  detail  are  found  in  the  chancel, 
which  has  internally  an  exquisite  ar- 
cade of  cirKjue-foUed  arches,  pierced  at 
intervals  with  unuEually  large  coup- 
lets, N.  and  S.  The  nave  has  on  either 
side  a  fine  series  of  arches  richly 
moulded  ond  supported.  In  the  N. 
aisle  are  some  highly  interesting 
wooden  seats.  The  tower  is  very  late 
Perp.  The  parish  was  formerly  fa- 
mous for  its  cherrlea. 

WandlebuTy,  or  VaiuUebury  camp  ia 
on  the  Bumrnit  of  the  dog-Magog 
Hills.  It  crowns  a  hill  which  slopes 
towards  the  B,  and  W.,  aud  is  probably 
of  British  origin. 

At  Falboam,  4}  m.  (Stat,  on  Camb, 
and  Newmarket  line),  ia  a  CA.  well 
worth  visiting,  of  various  dates,  chiefly 
Deo.  and  £-E.  The  poppy-heads 
of  the  seats  and  the  carv^  pulpit 
ahould  be  noticed.  (Tbe  Fleam,  or 
Baleham  Dyke,  one  of  tile  4  entrench- 
ments which  defended  the  E.  Anglian 
oounlry  Irom  the  dwellers  of  the  in- 
terior, ia  most  perfect  at  Shardelow'a 
Well,  a  littie  S.  of  Fulbonra.) 

At  Great  WObraham,  3  m.  N.E,  of 
Fulbonm,  and  about  the  same  distance 
S.  of  BottiBham,  is  a  fine  E.-E.  Ch. 
worth  notice.  The  font,  Trana-Norm., 
is  very  good.  The  inner  doon^  of 
the  8.  porch  is  very  fine  and  rich  E.-E. 

At  BiAtuham,  on  the  turnpike  road 
to  Newmarket,  6  m.  irom  Cambridge, 
is  a  remarkable  "flint  and  stone"  Ch., 
the  finest  specimen  of  pure  Deo.  in  tbe 
county. 

1}  m.  N.W.  of  Bottiaham  Oh.  ar« 
some  remains  of  Aiufieiea  Abbey. 

Abont  li  m.  N.W.  of  Waterbeach, 
Stat.  (Si  m.)  on  tbe  Cambridge  and 
Ely  Bly.,  are  the  remains  of  Denny 
Jme'j,  a  honse  of  Nuns  of  St.  Chue, 


CANNOCK— CAHTEBBUR  ¥. 


tDonded  in  1S42.   The  Tsmaiiu,  whioh 

are  rather  eitensive,  but  very  fiag- 
mentary,  eoiudstine  chiefly  of  early 
Sona.  a.ad  Dec  work,  have  been  con- 
rerted  iota  a  la^e  fnrmhniue. 

At  LaniSiauA,  Ij  m.  W.  ol  Water- 
beach,  the  Ch.  will  well  repay  a  visit. 
The  woodwork  thnAU:hoQt  abould  be 
notioBd. 

A  long  but  interesting  walk,  tracing 
the  boundary  of  the  lale  of  Ely,  may 
be  thos  taken:  From  Cambridge  to 
Cottenliam — the  anoient  seat  of  the 
i  family— (6   m.).      Thence   to 


Fe|:7B  f 
Haddenl 

thtough 


_.^_    Ely 

along  the  edge  of  the  higb  ground, 
here  rising  like  a  low  cliff  above  the 
fen.    Betum  by  rail  to  Cambridge. 

A  good  view  ia  obtained  &om  a  bill 
between  Haalingfield  and  Barriueton. 
Drive  from  Cambridge  through  Hae- 
lingfleld  on  the  Harrington  road. 
Leave  the  rood  jost  before  gaining 
the  top  of  the  hill,  and  tarn  into  a 
field  on  the  1.,  where  is  an  old  chalk 
pit 

Other  GzcoTBionfi  may  be  made  to 
Sly  ii  ia.  by  rail),  NewmaTket  (10 
min.).  AudUy  End  (J  hr.),  Bedford 
(1  hr.). 

Cahkitobd,  aee  Lavnce^im. 

Cahioed,  see  Wirnbome. 

Caiinock(Staff.>— Stat.L.j[N. 
W.  Rly.(Jnn :  Crown)— ia  a  flourishing 
lUtle  bnm  dependent  on  theminingdiB- 
trict  of  Cannock  £%a«e,  a  waste  of  some 
8600  acres,  but  rich  in  ooal  beds.  It 
is  a  pretty  walk  of  6  m.  to  Anaitage 
(see)  Btat  on  tlie  Trent  Valley  line, 
throng  Beaudeeert,  the  park  of  the 
Harquia  of  Anglesey. 

Caks  Office,  aee  Dinai  MouiddvFS 
and  IMmfyllin. 

Canons,  aee  Stanmore. 

C^nterburv  (Kent).  The 
Stat,  of  the  L.  C.  &  D.  Kly.  ndioiuE 
the  Dane  John  (poll).  The  8.  E. 
Bly.  Stat,  ia  outside  the  city  to  the  N. 
Imu :  *f  ountain ;  Kose ;  Flear-de- 
Lya. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  systematic  sur- 
vey of  the  oity,  the  viMtor  should  pro- 
ceed through  the  pleasure  grounds  of 
tte  Daiie  John  to  St.  tieoxge's-atreet, 


of  the  mansion  of  the  Bopera  v 
attract  hia  notice.  Having  aeen  these 
he  should  then  turn  back,  and  crossing 
the  S.E.  Bly.  on  the  level,  notice  rt.  the 
gables  of  the  Star  Inn.  The  Weil  Gale, 
beyond  (1374-81),  by  which  the  city 
is  entered,  ia  the  only  gate  remaining 
□f  the  6  originally  eiistdng.  The  upper 
pert  of  the  ^^te,  together  with  the 
bunding  adjoining,  serves  as  the  city 
prison.  The  most  ^rfect  part  of  the 
oity  walla  now  remaining  ia  in  Broad- 
itreel  (on  the  E.  aide  of  the  Cathe- 
dral).   The  appioaoh  to 

The  Cathkdbal  is  by  the  ut- 
oient  Xeretry4ane,  where  onoe  stood 
the  ''Checquera  Ian,"  the  resort  of 
Chaucer's  PUgrima,  at  the  end  of 
which  ia  the  prinoipal  entrance. 
Prior  OMimith's  Gate,  commonly 
called  " Chrietohnrch  Gate"  (bnilt 
1517).  through  which  we  enter  the 

Ereoincia.  Lanfi«nc,  the  first  arch- 
isbop  after  the  Conquest  (1070-89), 
rebuilt  the  cathedral  obnrch  and 
monastery.  Anselm,  his  successor, 
ro-erected  the  eastern  part :  and  it  was 
in  this  ch.  that  Becket  was  murdered 
(1170),  and  in  "the  glorious  choir 
of  Conrad  "  (Anselm's  successor)  that 
his  body  was  watched  by  the  monks 
during  the  succeeding  night.  This 
choir  was  entirely  burnt  down  in  1174, 
and,  together  with  the  E.  buildlDgs, 
was  re-ereoted,  nearly  as  we  now  see 
them,  by  Wm.  of  Sens,  1174-8,  and 
"English  William"  in  1184.  The 
present  cathedral  oonaists  of  portions 
or  the  whole  of  the  works  from  the 
tebailding  by  Lanfranc  to  the  death 
of  Prior  Goldstone,  ciro.  1495.  It 
thua  exhibits  specimens  of  nearly 
all  the  atagea  of  Gothic  architecture, 
the  principal  being  Trans.-Norm.  and 
Perp.  The  length  of  it  U  522  ft. 
The  principal  entrance  to  the  ca^ 


dates  from  abt.  1380,  and  bears  a  v< 
aideiable  resemblance  to  the  nave  of 
Winchester,  excepting  in  the  height 
to  which  the  choir  is  raised  above  the 
crypt  below,  ^od  the  uumerons  step; 


CANTEBBUBY. 


wbioh  are  conseqnenUy  neceasaiy  in 
order  to  reach  it. 

On  entaring  the  Choir  by  ttia  Weit- 
em  Sereen,  whioli  IB  very  beautiful 
and  elaborate  (15th  cent.),  the  visitor 
is  immediately  struck  by  the  sii^n- 
lar  bend  with  which  the  walls  ap- 
proach each  other  at  the  ea»tera  end. 
This  tenintkable  reatnre,  together  with 
the  great  length  of  the  choir  (180  ft. 
— the  longest  in  Enelaud),  the  an- 
tique character  of  the  architecture, 
BQd  the  Sue  effects  of  light  and 
shadow,  produce  a  solemnity  not  un- 
fitting the  Blsi  great  reeting-place  of 
the  ^th  in  Saxon  iEogloDd.  The 
Sereen  (1304-S)  awTOUudirig  theohoir 
is  of  great  beaaly.  The  moitts.  in  the 
choir  will  be  best  eiomined  from  the 
aide  aisles.  Leaving  the  choir  by  the 
W.  door  of  the  screen  we  now  pass 
into  the  N.W.  Ttansept,  or  Tranitpl 
^ftbe  Marlyrdmn.  It  was  here  that 
BeoketwBS  slaiu,  29  Deo.,  1170,  by  the 
kaichts  Ragin^d  Fitzorse,  Tiacy, 
Richard  le  &et,  and  Hngh  of  Horsea. 
A  small  square  piece  cut  out  of  one  of 
the  stone  flags  still  marks  the  spot. 
Other  existing  memoriala  of  this  scene 
are  the  actoal  door  leading  into  the 
cloisters  b;  which  Becket  and  tbe 
knights  entered  the  cb.,  and  tbe  un- 
altered wall  between  the  chapel  of  St. 
Benedict  and  the  passage  leading  to 
the  orypt,  in  front  of  which  the  arch- 
tdshop  fell.  Tbe  great  window  of  the 
transept  was  the  ^t  of  Edw.  IV.  and 
his  Queen,  whose  flgnres  stiU  remain 
in  it,  togeUier  with  those  of  bU  daugh- 
ters and  (he  2  priacea  mnidered  in 
the  Tower.  Notice,  in  this  transept, 
monts.  of  Abps.  Feokham  (1279-92) 
and  Warham  (1503-32).  Leading 
out  of  this  transept,  N.,  is  the  Demtg, 
or  Lady  Chapel  (1449^8).  It  has  a 
rich  fan-vanlt.  In  it  are  the  monts. 
of  many  of  the  deans,  notably  those 
of  FotKei^,  Jh.  Sargrave  (d,  1642), 
Dean  Soye,  and  Dr.  Turner.  From 
tbe  martyrdom  transept,  we  advance 
into  tbe  North  Aitle  of  the  Choir.  The 
stained  glass  windows  in  lower  part 
"  '  -  6  beanly.  At  tbe  "  ' 
lose  to  tbe  steps  asc 
Iro-choir,  is  the  dot 
i.  Andreufi  Tower,  part  of  Lanfranc'e 


building.  On  choir  side,  notice  monts. 
of  Abpi.  Ckicheley  (1415-44),  Sou^y 
(1828-48).  and  Bourchier  (1454-88). 
A  steep  flight  of  steps  leads  to  Trinitj/ 
Chapel  behind  tlie  choir  E.  Here 
Becket  had  sung  hia  first  maas  after 
his  iostallation  a«  archbishop,  and 
after  the  rebuilding  this  was  the  spot 
chosen  for  his  shrine  (read  Dean  Stan- 
ley's Hiitorieal  Memorial  of  Canter- 
fcurj).  Of  the  shrine  itself  a  drawing 
remains  among  the  Oottonian  H68. 
The  13th  cenL  windows  in  the  ohapel, 
representing  tbe  miracles  of  Becket. 
should  be  carefully  examined. 

Between  the  first  two  piers  of  tbe 
chapel,  S.,  is  the  mont.  of  Edteard  the 
Blaak  Prinee.  The  efflgy  is  in  hreae. 
Above  are  suspended  his  gauntleta, 
helmet  ("beamneduieopard"),  shield, 
and  sword  scabbard.  Immediately 
opposite,  N.,  is  the  tomb  of  Sen.  IV., 
and  of  bis  second  wife,  Joan  of  Na- 
varre. E.  of  this  iaa  kneeling  fignre, 
by  Bernini,  of  Dean  WoUoa.  At  the 
feet  of  tbe  Black  Prince  is  tbe  mont. 
of  Aifp.  Courtenay  (d,  1396).  The 
great  lightnesa  and  beauty  of  the 
Corona,  the  extreme  B.  end  of  the 
cathedral,  are  remarkable.  On  N.  side 
is  tomb  of  Cardinal  Pole,  Q.  Mary's 
archbishop  (1556-58).  Descending 
the  S.  aide  of  Trinity  Chapel  and 
pasaiug  down  the  stepa  we  come  to 
81.  Antelm'i  Towier  and  Chapd.  Tbe 
screen  of  the  chapel  ia  farmed  by  the 
tomb  of  Aim.  Simon  de  Mephara 
(1328-33).  Here  is  the  mont  of  Au- 
selm ;  and  W.  of  the  chapel,  those  of 
Abps.  Simon  d«  Sudbury  (1375-81), 
Slrat/ord  {lS33-i8),  and  Kempe(liS2 
-54).  We  now  reach  the  B.E.  Tran- 
sept,— notice  here  tbe  Falriarehai 
Chair  (13th  cent),  and  passing  down 
the  8.  choir  aisle  we  arrive  at  the 
8.  W.  Ti-amept.  Opening  E.  from  this 
transept  is  Bt.  Michaert  or  tbe  War- 
riorf  Chapel,  At  the  E.  end,  Binga- 
larly  placed,  the  bead  alone  appear- 
ing through  the  wall,  is  tbe  stone 
coffin  of  Langton  (1207-28),  the  great 
Abp,  of  John  and  Magna  Charta. 
Patting  through  the  gallery  under  the 
tower  stairs,  we  return  to  the  Martyr- 
dom transept,  and  from  it  enter  the 
Norm.  Crypt  or  Undercroft.  The  wbolo 


CAyTEBBUBT. 


91 


eiypt  vaa  dedicated  to  the  Vii^D, 
ftnd  towards  tbe  B.  end  is  tlie  Chapel 
of  Our  ha&fj  VitAereraft,  enclosed  oy 
late  Ferp.  open  stonework.  The  whole 
OTpt  was  given  np  bj  Elizabeth  in 
1561  to  the  French  and  Flemish  re- 
fngees.  The  E.  end  of  it,  under 
Trinity  Chuel,  ia  the  work  of  English 
William.  Hero  occurred  the  penaiice 
and  Bcourging  of  Hen.  II,  at  the  tomb 
of  Beokct,  which  remained  here  from 
the  time  of  the  murder  till  1220. 

We  may  now  retnm  to  the  exterior 
of  the  oaUledral.  Of  the  2  W.  Uneen, 
that  N.  is  modern,  and  yiae  finished 
in  ISti).  The  gieat  central  tower, 
caUed  "Bell  Harry,"  is  235  ft.  in 
height,  and  one  of  tha  moat  beautifiil 
examples  of  Perp.  work  existing.  An 
excelJent  viow  of  it  may  be  obtained 
from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  oloistera. 
At  tbe  B.W.  side,  a  little  beyond 
"  Bell  Harry '"  Tower,  descending  by 
ft  few  stairs,  is  the  Frenoh  Protestant 
Ch.,  a  light  and  clean  little  room, 
hsTlng  about  a  dozen  wonhippers. 

The  diflerent  buildings  and  remains 
contained  in  the  PrediteU  vrill  now 
engage  the   attentioa  of  tbe  visitor. 


a  of  tbe 

Bonaatery  of  Angnsttoe.  Tbe  arches 
to  the  E.,  of  an  early  Norm,  style,  be- 
longed to  the  Infirmary,  Beyond  the 
Infirmary  is  the  "  Dark  Entry,"  the 
Norm,  porttonB  of  which  were  built  by 
Prior  Wibert  (c.  1167).  who  also  bnilt 
the  remarkably  fine  Norm,  dicnlar 
tower  in  the  ^uden  without,  adjoin- 
ing the  cloisters,  formerly  the  oastel- 
lam  aqnce,  now  called  the  Baptiilery. 
The  shields  in  the  CloUlert  are  those 
of  l>ene&olors.  On  the  E.  side  is  the 
Chapter  Home,  nhioh  has  a  remark- 
ably rich  roof  of  Irish  oak.  Betum- 
ing  through  the  Dark  Entry,  the  viai- 
tor  may  enter  the  Green  Court,  for- 
merly sniTonnded  by  the  princtpal 
domeatio  bnildings  of  the  monastery. 
On  W.  side  is  the  Forter't  Gate,  the 
most  ancient  remaining,  adjoining 
which  is  the  King't  Schoot.  The  stair- 
case leading  up  to  the  Hall  is  an 
imiqae  example  of  late  Norm,  work. 
Fossil]^  ont  of  the  Precincts  by  the 


N.  gate  into  Palace-street,  notice 
arched  doorway,  which  is  nearly  all 
that  remains  of  the  AretAmop't 
Faiace. 

After  the  oathednl,  the  great  object 
of  interest  is  St.  Jumisfine's  (His- 
donary)  CoZJag^,  This  beaatifnl  buOd- 
isg  was  completed  in  lg4S,  &om  de- 
sire by  Mr.  Batterfield.  Of  tbe 
original  monastery,  there  remain  some 
wall  fragments  (late  Norm.)  of  the 
Church,  and  8.  of  these  the  ruins  of 
St.  Panerat  Chapd,  a  little  8.W,  of 
which  has  been  preserved  a  piece  of 
genuine  Boman,  or  Bomano-British, 
wall.  Tbe  noble  Entranee  Gate  was 
bnUt  by  Abbot  Pyndon  in  1300.  The 
Cemetery  Gate  was  built  1399.  The 
college  Wj,  or  refectory,  was  the  au- 
'    Gttetfi'  Hall ;   its  open  roof  is 


The  abbey  had  been  converted  into 
a  brewery,  when  it  was  purchased  in 
1814  by  A.  J.  Beresford  Hope,  Esq., 
M,P,,  and  devoted  by  him  to  its  pre- 
sent purpose.  Fronting  the  main 
entrance  is  the  LSirary,  standing  on 
tbe  fbondataons  of  the  crypt  of  tbe 


From  St.  Augustine's  the  visitor 
should  proceed  by  tbe  Xonjport  road 
to  8t.  MaHin'f  C&anA,  on  the  hill 
above.  It  bad  been  a  Britidi  Chris- 
tian chapel  before  tbe  arrival  of  tbe 
Saxons,  and  was  made  over  to  Augus- 
tine. The  present  cb.  no  doubt  occn- 
oupies  the  die  of  Aogustine's.  and 
portions  of  the  walla  may  be  identical. 
It  has  been  styled  tlie  "  mother  church 
ofEngland."  Thevisitorshoiildmake 
a  point  of  attending  the  service  here. 

The  hill  behind  tbe  ch.  oommands 
one  of  the  best  views  of  Oanterburj, 

Turning   off  opposite  the  County 


of  Boiyon),  the  public  walks  of 
whiob  are  beautifiil  and  well  worth  a 
visit  Beyond  tbe  Dane  John,  but 
still  close  to  the  city  wall,  is  the 
CatOe,  the  venerable  Norm,  keep  of 
which  is  now  eooverted  into  a  gas 
&oto^.  A  short  distance  N.  of  the 
S.E.  Bly.  Stat,  is  the  interesting  old 
Chnrch  of  jSl.  Btephea'i  (otherwise 
Hackington). 


CANTEKBUHT—CAPEL  CVBIG. 


Of  the  Emoller  rdigioat  lioiaet,  the 
miHt  important  remains  are  those  of 
the  Dominicam  or  Black  Frian,  on 
die  banks  of  the  Stonr  below  St. 
Peter's  Ch.  The  refedary  w  perfect, 
and  now  used  aa  a  Dnilaiiaa  ohapol. 
A  picturesque  view  of  the  niin  may 
be  had  from  Mmlen'  Nurserj,  worth  a 
Tint  for  its  own  sake. 

Eait  Bridge  MoepiUd,  closely  adjoin- 


™g.  ' 


free  school,  is  worth  a,  viait. 

In  Guildhall-street  is  the  JKtMeun* 
containing  sojne  good  collections. 

The  GuiWiall,  at  the  comer  of  thif 
street,  oonlains  some  relics  of  armour 
and  some  ouriouB  portraits. 

Borne  very  interesting  Excureione 
may  be  made  from  Canteihury.  The 
village  of  MarbUdoim,  l\  m.  from 
St.  Dunstan'a,  grew  up  abont  the  an- 
cient La^ai-honse,  founded  by  Abp. 
Lantranc.  for  leprous  men  and  women. 
Some  portions  of  tlie  ch.  probably  form 
part  of  Ibc  original  foimdation.  The 
hospital   waa   rebuilt   in  1670,    and 


e  S<Aard  for  Orphai 
Soia  of  the  CUrgy.  A  shoit  distance 
6om  the  oily,  on  the  Old  Dover  road, 
is  a  place  called  St,  Laurence,  In  a 
wall  on  the  high  road  is  the  martp- 
St.  Iiauience  on  a  ^diron,  cc*  '" 
Stone,  DOW  much  dilapidated. 

The  group  of  villages  called  the 
"Bourne)"  may  be  visited  by  the 
DoTcr  road ;  quitting  the  main  roai' 
at  Bridge,  3  m,,  we  reach  BiehopE 
bourne,  1  m.  S.,  with  its  memone 
of  Hook^,  to  whom  the  living  wa 
given  1595.  From  hence  Upper 
Sofdree  may  best  be  visited  (2  m. 
B.W.).  Beturning  to  Bridge,  we  reach 
at  1  m.  Patri:^>oarne,  where  is  a  small 
Korm.  oh.  of  much  interest,  Bar- 
freeton  (known  em  Barton)  is  1 ' 
N.B.  (rf  the  Shepherd's  Well  Stj...  . 
the  L.  C.  &  .  D.  Bly.  The  small 
Church  is  the  "lion"  of  the  district, 
and  one  of  the  most  remarkable  Norm, 
buildings  in  England.  In  Tiaiting 
Barfrerton,  the  excursion  should  1» 
prolonged  to  Walderehare  Part  (Earl 
of  Guflford),  2  m.  S,,  aD4  the  Ch.  of 


Coldred  adioining.  A  pleasant  excur- 
sion may  be  made  to  the  villages  of 
Charlham  (*  m.)  and  Ghilham  (6  m,), 
on  the  line  to  Ashfbrd,  The  oh,  at 
Chartham  well  deserves  a  visit  At 
Chilham  there  is  a  tolerable  country 
inn  (The  Woolpack),  which  the  tourist 
may  make  his  ocut^  for  a  day  or  two 
wiUi  advantage.  Tlie  Gasde,  of  which 
are  shown  on  application, 
ided  by  a  deep  losse,  in- 
closing about  8  acres.  At  the  N.W. 
angle  stands  the  ancient  keep.  The 
views  over  the  valley  of  the  Bloor, 
from  tiie  casUa  and  from  the  high 
ground  above  the  village,  are  of  great 
beauty.  Adjoining  the  park  which 
Burroands  Chilham  Csatle  (B.)  is  6od- 
meriham  Park  (E,  Knight.  Esq.). 
Distances.— Whitstablc,  6  m, ;  Sand- 
wich, 13  m.  By  rail,  Ramseate  40 
min.,  via  Minster  Juno. ;  Deal,  1  hr. ; 
Dover,  M  min. ;  Haatings,  IJ  br. 

Capel  Ahthog.  see  Ddgelley. 

CapBl  CurliTi  pron.  "Eappel 
Kerrig"  (Caemarron.),  Hi  m.  Horn 
Bangor,  10  m.  &om  Llanrwst,  and 
9  m.  from  Snowdon — a  village  en- 
tirely surrounded  by  piountaina,  and 
"  houses,  a  primi- 


little  ch.,  and  a  comforbible  inn ; 
a  most  convenient  starting-point  for 
endless  mountain  excursions  (paitlcit- 
larly  pedestrian  ones),  and  especially 
for  ascent  of  Snowdon.  Close  to  the 
hotel  are  Llynian  Mymbyr,  2  fine  sheets 
of  water,  which  afford  poor  fishing ; 
the  view  up  the  vale,  embracing  these 
lakes  and  the  peaks  of  Snowdon,  is 
not  to  be  aorpassed  in  Wales  for  severe 
grandeur. 

EieuTiirmi, —  Ascent  of  Camedds 
Uemdyn  and  Dafydd ;  proceeding  W. 
from  Capel  Curig,  through  magnifi- 
cent mountain  scenery  on  either  hand, 
the  ascent,  which  is  very  steep  and 
iatiguing,  but  abounding  in  beautiful 
views,  may  be  begun  at  a  farmhouse 
called  Tal-y-braicb,  3  m. :  or  I  m. 
beyond,  at  point  where  the  Llugwy  is 
crowed ;  the  Llugwy  must  be  foltowed 
up  to  Glan  Lli^wy.  liom  whence 
strike    np    the    ahoulder   to    <>aig 


ys^oUaji^uo 


CAPEL  CUBIG. 


I.addeis),  and  on  rt.  ia  Bwleh-^rii 
drym,  a  narrow  ledge  J  m.  long,  which 
ends  at  eiunimt  of  Caiv^dd  iXewdyn; 
an  each  dde  are  tremeudouB  abyasett, 
the  ODe  towards  E.  conlainmg  a  ' 
Ffifnnoa  Llagu>y ;  on  the  sai 
(31ti9  ft)  are  said  to  be  traces 
fortified  camp  of  Llewelyn ;  to  N.W. 
is  Aber  (eee),  to  which  a  deBceat  ma; 
be  made  ia  6  or  7  m.  The  Llyn^ 
N.E.,  onder  Cefh-fT-Arrjg,  are  Me- 
Ipllyn  and  Lljn  Dnlyn,  which  Bupply 
nmleta  to  the  Conway ;  the  botaaiat 
will  find  Jjnga  genevemit  (A  Ipine) ; 
letnming  to  the  Black  LadderB  the 
touriat  may  viajt  Camedd  Davydd 
(3427  ft.),  below  which  is  deep  Bemi- 
ciitmlar  cirm,  containing  the  little 
Ffy nnon-y-Lloer ;  the  descent  may  bo 
made  (1)  back  by  the  Black  Ladders 
to  Craig  Llngwy ;  (2)  from  Braich- 
ddn  to  the  aborefl  of  Llyn  Ogwen, 
where  it  receives  the  Afon  Uoer, 
exactly  oppoeite  the  Trifaen  (this  ii 
aTerysfeep  descent) ;  (8)  the  diortest 
descent  may  be  made  directly  into 
the  Talley  of  the  Afon  Llocr,  joining 
the  toad  about  3}  m.  ihim  Capel 
Cnilg,-  thegeologiBt  shonld  look  foi 
erideocea  of  iceberg  or  glacier  action 
on  the  flanks  of  the  monntain.  At 
Xlyn  OgiBtn,  4  m.  on  London  and 
Holyhead  iced,  there  is  good  free  trout 
flsb&g:  shore  fishing,  however,  being 
nselesB,  boats  must  be  hired  either  at 
Capel  Corig  Inn  or  the  Douglas  Arms 
at  Bethesda.  5  m.  from  the  Llyn  (Me 
Bangor) ;  the  Ogwen  issncs  from  the 
lake  tbrough  a  narrow  savage  gorge 
called  the  Pass  of  the  Benglog,  where 
it  is  precipilatad  by  a  series  of  broken 
falls  more  than  100  ft.;  in  a  deep 
crater,  a  little  higher  in  the  mountain 
to  a  of  the  W.  end  of  Lljn  Ogwen,  is 
Uyn  Idieal,  the  reputed  scene  of  the 
murder  of  the  Welsh  prince  Idwal, 
the  wildeet  and  most  savs^  of  Welch 
lakes,  which  no  tooriet  sbontd  omit  to 
visit;  on  W.  side  of  the  Llyn  is 
an  extraordinary  chasm  in  the  rock, 
oaUed  T«,Uddv,  or  the  Black  Hole, 
or  the  Devil's  Kitchen ;  to  climb 
Into  it  requires  steadiness  und 


a  rongh  path  from  S.W.  side  of  lake 
leadftosnmmit  of  TwUddn  and  Llyn- 
y-cwm,  whence  a  slanting  descent  of 
about  2  m.  will  bring  the  tourist  to 
UanberU. 

Ascent  of  the  Qlydtrt  and  Tiifaen ; 
a  gradnal  ascent  of  31  ni.,  thiougfa 
the  severe  and  desolate  scenery  of 
the  valley  of  Nant-y-gwryd,  leads  to 
Penygutryd  Ian  (see  poit),  whence  the 
ascent  may  be  ma<k  of  the  Qlyder 
VawT,  which  18  connected  by  a  tanm 
of  precipices  called  Y  Waim  Oer,  with 
the  Qtyder  Tach;  an  easy  ascent 
mny  also  be  made  from  GorphwyB&, 
a  little  further  on  (see  below) :  imme- 
diately N.  is  Y  IW/aen,  a  ep\a  of  the 
Olyder  Vach,  which,  though  seem- 
ingly inoocessible,  con  be  scaled  Sitaa 
its  W.  side ;  the  smnmit  of  the  Glyder 
is  strewn  with  rocks  and  stones  as  if 
it  had  been  washed  by  a  trcmendona 
sea;  the  sommit  of  the  leaser  Qlyda 
can  easily  be  reached  from  the  greater 
one,  which  is  only  12  fl.  higher:  In 
Ciem  BocMiBud,  nndemeath  the  Gly> 
der,  is  Llyn  Sodilviyd,  one  of  the  most 
perfect  examples  of  a  glacier  lake  in 
the  district;  jost  below  the  end  of 
Esgair  Felen  (the  shonlder  of  Olyder 
YawT  which  abuts  the  pass  of  IJan~ 
betis)  to  the  B,  are  some  very  fine 
basaltic  coltuuns,  extending  500  it. 
down  the  monntain,  the  bottom  being 
about  2050  fL  above  sea  level  (by 
aneroid),  and  the  top  abont  2500  ft. ; 
the  colnmns  lie  at  an  inclination  of 
about  43°,  pointing  a  little  W.  of 
N,W,;  deecendicg  the  mountain  the 
touriat  shonld  proceed  through  the 
strange  assemblage  of  blocs  petehe's 
between  tlie  Pass  and  Llyn  of  Cwm 
Ffynnon  to  Qorvhmj/ifa,  in  the  Pass 
of  LlEmb«nis  (wnere  is  a  tolerable 
inn) ;  hence  the  toorist  may  proceed 
■  "  m.  to  Llanberis,  or  return  1. 
.  by  Penygwryd  to  Capel  Curig. 
Ascent  of  ModSiabod ;  this  mountaui 
(2870  ft.)  lies  3J  m.  S.  of  Capel  Onrig, 
and  may  be  easily  ascended  from  H. 
and  W.,  being  covered  with  smooth 
grass  till  nearly  the  summit,  which  is 
rocky  ;  the  E.  face  is  grand  and  pre- 
cipitous, with  a  cratei^ehaped  escan)- 
ment.  at  bottom  {£  which  lies  the 
small  tarn  of  Llyn-y-focI ;  It  is  easy  to 


H 


CAFEt  cnsia. 


deacend  from  tnunniit  in  a.  8.B.  direc- 
tion  to  OatU  Dolvrsddelan ;  heaoe  it 
b  7i  m.  to  Bettwa-j-oo«d,  or  6  m.  ly 
E.  escarpmeDt  of  Moel  Siabod  to  Cftp^ 
Curig.  Ascent  of  Stuncdon,  about  9  m. 
(N.B.  the  ascent  m^  also  be  made 
from  Llanberit,  or  Beddgelert);  the 
ascent  frcon  Capel  Curig  ia  the  loceeat, 
most  difflCDlt,  and  by  far  the  grandeBt 
of  all ;  the  fee  ia  10*.  (or  from  Penv- 
gwryd  5(.);  leaving  Capel  Curig  I., 
and  p«SBing  Penygwiyd,  i  ro.,  the  ea- 
teutoegwaatGorphayifa  (tbe  "rest- 
iug-plece");  here  the  path  turns  off  L, 
Biid  climbing  over  some  rough  and 
rocky  gnmnd  passes  the  smati  lAyn 
Teym,  irbere  are  some  deserted  miners' 
cottages ;  it  Boon  eaten  the  grandest 
valley  in  Snowdon,  Ciem  Dyli,  and 
romea  in  sight  of  Llyn  Llydaie,  about 
1}  m.&om  GorphwjB&i;  this  beautiful 
Alpine  pool  is  of  darkest  green  colour, 
and  about  1  m.  lone  i  around  it  rise 
the  cliffs  of  XJjwe^  (250U  ft.  above 


the  minets  tor  accesa  to  a  copper  mme 
on  N.W.  side  of  the  pool,  by  which 
the  latter  has  been  lowered  12  ft,  and 
its  beauty  mnoh  spoilt,  and  then  fol- 
lows, by  a  difficult  zigzag  track, 
where  a  false  step  would  be  fatal,  up 
a  little  river  which  issues  front  Fijn- 
noa  Llyn  Olos  or  Olaelyn,  a  small 
tarn  on  a  much  higher  level,  in  a  deep 
basin  directly  nnder  the  precipice  ol 
Moel-y-Wyddfa :  tie  Mcent  ia  verj 
trying  up  to  Crib-y-Ddvsgyl,  on  the 
eununit  of  which  ridge  the  path  joins 
the  lilanberis  route ;  hence  a  ^larp 
pull  leads  tosummit  of  Moel-y-Wvddfa. 
At  the  highest  point,  which  during 
the  season  is  crowded  by  toniiits,  the 
guides  have  erected  2  hnts,  where 
comestibles  such  as  eg^  and  beoon 
may  be  bad  at  tolerably  leaeoctable 
prices;  for  those  who  wish  to  see  " 
ami  rise  a  charge  of  5s.  is  made 
bed  and  breeMost;  the  proepect 
a  clear  day  ia  one  of  bound] 
mugniflcence;  from  25  to  30  lakes 
are  visible  altogether  from  the  sani' 

The  Snowdoninn  range  (prineipally 


of  Caradoc  age)  offers  a  rare  harvest 
the  geologist  and  botauiat 
To  Llyn  Coalyd  and  Tre/riio.  Leav- 
ing Capel  Curig  I.  at  I  m.  turn  rt.  and 
proceed  throu^  a  mountain  pass  to 
Llyn  Cnmlyd,  a  long  narrow  sheet  of 
water ;  hence,  following  1.  bank  of  the 
AfoD  Ddu,  at  about  9  m.,  Dalgarrog 
the  Conway  road  is  reached  ;  hence 
is7^m.  I.  to  Cottinay  ;  about  8  m,  rt. 
Trefriic  ;  and  6  m.  rt.  to  lAaiarviil ; 
ahonla  the  tourist  wish  to  return  to 
Capel  Curig  from  Tre&iw,  he  may  do 
BO  through  some  of  the  most  splendid 
scenery  m  Wales,  by  ascending  the 
peas  pMt  the  head  of  Llyn  Geirionydd 
aod  deacecding  to  Capel  Curig  (see 
J2anrvi»t).  ToiJanrunt,  10m., passing 
at  Si  m.  the  beautiful  watorbll  if 
Khaiadr-y-wenol  (Swallow  Fall)— see 
Llanncit ;  to  SetbiBt-y-Cofd,  6  m. ; 
whence  it  is  7  m.  to  Pentraeo^ai ;  ft 
little  beyond  the  former  the  ravine. 
Fori  Noddya,  through  which  the  Con- 
way flows,  ^oold  be  visited ;  aQd2Jm. 
'  -e  the  FalU  of  Ok  Conway, 
I  remarkable  ;  near  which 
the  Falls  of  the  Mochuo 
(see  Bethesy-Coed). 

To  Bangor,  14)  m.  Leaving  Capel 
Curig  L,  and  luiving  the  enormous 
ma«s  Comedds  Da:^rdd  and  Llewelyn 
rt,  and  the  Giyder-y-Tiifaen  1.,  at  4  m. 
IJyii  Ogwen  is  reached :  the  road  fol- 
lows the  B.  margin  of  the  lake,  and 
l}m.  further  on  enters  the  grand  Vant 
F/Taneon,  "  Glen  of  Btaveis,"  where 
□Oto  the  numerona  cwms  running  np 
1,  into  the  hilla ;  otDm  Graianog  is  a 
very  perfect  example  of  d  glacier  lake ; 
the  excellent  tomtce  road  skirting  rt 
of  vale  here  enables  the  tounst  to  view 
the  mountains  on  each  side  with  ease ; 
3^  m.  further  on  ie  OgwcnBank  (Lord 
Peurhyn),  and  a  littLe  to  the  L  the 
noted  Pearhyn  Slate  Qvarriei,  where 
the  mountain  scooped  away  in  ledges 
or  terraces,  and  the  blasting  operationa 
performed  by  the  workmen,  form  a 
most  interesting  picture;  a  little  be- 
yond the  quarries  the  road  crosses  the 
united  streams  of  the  Llafar  and  the 
Categ,  and  passing  a  little  beyond  on 
1.  BeOiada  continues  tbroogh  wooded 
valley  of  the  Ogwen,  and  reaches  at 
13  m.  the  model  village  of  Uand^gai, 


CAPEL  CVRIG—CASDIFF. 


whence  it  is  1}  m.  to  Bangor  («ee). 
To  Uanberis,  10  m.  by  Penygwrjd  and 
"     "        IS  paaa  of  Llanberu. 


pretending  but  comfortable  road- 
side taveTD;  it  ia  a  good  etation  for 
fiBbermen,  beiag  sew  to  the  Mjmbyt 


3  m.,  and  several  tonaller  onei,  tbe 
nearest  being  Uya  Cvm^ynnon,  about 
i  m.  from  Uie  inn,  at  foot  of  the  Glv- 
der  Tach ;  thoi^h  amall  it  affordB 
good  fishing  and  contains  chai ;  there 
is  also  tront  fishing  in  the  Ovrryd,  tbe 
litOe  river  running  dovm  to  the  Mym- 
byr  lakes,  within  less  than  5  minuted 
millc  &om  the  inn ;  the  landlord. 
Henry  Owen,  is  a  good  gnide  to  the 
varjoua  lakes,  as  also  to  tbe  neigh- 
bouring moantainB. 

From  Penjgwryd  a  Diost  lovely  Ex- 
cunum  may  be  made  through  the  vale 
of  Nant  Owynant  to  BeddgeUri,  S  m. ; 
at  1 J  m.  on  tbe  rt  tbe  little  river  Afon- 
lae  or  Gladyn  issues  from  the  glen 
of  Cwm  DyU  to  join  tbe  Golwyn  at 
Beddgelert ;  it  rises  in  the  little  tarn 
of  Glaslyn  close  under  summit  of 
Snowdon,  and  passing  tbrougb  Llyn- 
Uydaw  enters  Nant  Owynan£  flowing 
over  a  series  of  cascades  (br  about 
300  ft.,  and  falls  at  3}  m.  into  Llyn 
Ovtynant,  tbe  most  exquisite  of  Welsh 
lakes  ;  previous  to  arriving  at  Llyn 
Gwynant  a  track  1.  of  about  5  m.  leads 
throngh  Bwlchyhediad  into  the  valley 
of  tbe  Ltedr  and  Cattell  DolteyddeUn ; 

"  ~-    ' ^  Llyn  Qwynant  are  the 

OwyaOTit ;  i  m.  fiutbei 
1  oval  lake  of  iZyn-j- 
Ddina$.  joined  with  Llyn  Gwynant 
by  the  Glaslyn ;  hence  the  road  runs 
2  m.  by  the  river  and  through  an  ex- 
quisitely wooded  vale  to  Beddgelert. 

An  iuterestiiig  pedestr ■' 


may  be  made  by  taking  a  road  1.  be- 
tween Llyn  Gwynant  and  y-Ddinas 
on  S.  side  of  Plus  Gwynant,  which 
fbllows  a  small  brook  that  rises  in  tbe 
Lledr  range ;  the  scenery,  boluding 
's  of  Snowdon  and  its  glacier  val- 


leacb^  Llgn  Edno,  IJ,yn   T,!a:ji,  and 


Ltifn-gr-AdaT,  all  good  for  fishing,  the 
former  being  noted  for  its  fine  trout ; 
they  are,  however,  sby,  and  the  fishing 
is  dangerons  owing  to  the  shelving 
rocks ;  on  Llyn-yr-Adsr  ate  numbers 
of  the  blaok-baoked  gulls,  which  breed 
on  an  islet ;  hence  a  short  but  rough 
walk  leads  to  summit  of  CynitM,  a 
wild  peak  of  the  Ffea^niog  group, 
whence  the  tourist  may  descend  I.  to 
Dolwyddelen,  or  rt.  by  Votfriag  and 
Pont  AbergUulun  to  Beddgelert. 

DittanetM. — To  Caemarvon,  IS  m. 
(a  coach  nms  from  Capel  Gurig) ;  Tan- 
;-bw1cb,  22  m. ;  Ffestiniog,  20  m. ;  Con- 


Bly.,  1701  m.  from  London.  InjM  : 
Boyal,  good;  Cardiff  Anns;  AiweL   A 

town  of  immense  activity  and  rapid 
growth  since  the  oonstniction  of  the 
celebrated  Bute  Doek*,  possesainK 
dean  broad  streets,  free  Library,  and 
Natural  History  Society.  It  Is  situated 
on  L  bank  of  the  Taff,  2  m.  above 
its  opening  under  the  beadland  (200 
ft  high),  and  sheltered  roadstead  of 
Penarih,  It  is  in  direct  commuiiiea- 
tion  with  JHerthyr  (Toff  Vale  Rly.,  H 
hr.'sride);  a«d  viih  Bhymn^y,  1  hr. 
10  min.  by  rail.  The  exports  of  coal 
and  iron  from  tbe  TeS,  Bhymney,  &c, 
nlleys  are  enormous,  and  have  been 
greauv  incteaged  by  the  facilities 
offered  by  the  magnmcent  docks,  the 
spirited  enterprise  of  the  late  and  pre- 
sent Marquis  of  Bute.  After  visiting 
the  docks,  the  tourist  should  inspect  the 
Cattle,  entrance  at  end  of  High-street, 
restored,  and  occasionally  occupied  by 
the  Marquis  and  Marchioness  of  Bute. 
The  dn&'s  smoking- tower,  and  the 
rooms  on  staircase  leading  to  it,  have 
been  decorated  in  a  most  costly 
manner,  and  are  well  worth  inspection. 
It  was  here  that  Robert,  eldest  son  of 
the  Conqneror,  died  after  his  eyes  bad 
been  put  out  (7),  and  after  a  melan- 
choly captivity  of  nearly  30  years.  A 
pretty  garden  and  w^ks,  known  as 
SopJito  Park,  have  been  made  on  W. 
side  of 


9B 


CARDIFF— CARDIGAN. 


at  PenarOi,  ut  mouth  of  the  Ely. 
Penorth  (a  good  hot«l)  is  well  worUi 
a  visit  for  the  flue  headland  Bceaery, 
embracing  WeatoD  and  Clevedon,  wlUi 
Flat  Holmea  and  Steep  Holmes,  ar 
well  aa  the  dockB.  Mxcartiona  b 
Caerphilly  CaiUe,  10  m.  bj  rail  (Inni . 
Castle ;  Boar*a  Head,  boUi  very  fair), 
one  of  the  most  interesting  and  exten- 
sive mins  of  a  feudal  fortress  (13ih 
cent)  in  the  country.  Tlis  siege  by 
Q.  Isabel  (temp.  Edw.  U.)  U  almost 
the  only  ascertomed  luBtorical  fact  re- 
spectingit  The  visitor  will  observe  with 
special  interest  the  great  gate-house, 
the  inner  court  or  nailey,  the  great 
ball,  having  rich  windows,  and  a  door- 
vaj  with  ogee-shaped  archee  and  de- 
corated mouldings,  the  chapel  east  of 
the  Tiftll,  the  vaulted  passage  to  the 
moat,  the  various  offices,  the  leaning- 
tower,  SO  ft.  high,  &c.  From  bete 
CatOe  Coch  (the  Red  Castle)  may  be 
reached  bj  an  easy  walk,  or  &om  Car- 
diff by  train,  6)  m. 

1  m.  from  My  Stat.,  and  2  m.  from 
Cardiff,  is  Llandaff,  a  straggling  vil- 
lage of  great  antiquity,  and  the  seat  of 
the  earliest  Christian  bishoprio,  having 
been  founded  at  beginning  of  5th  oent. 
The  Cathedral  was  for  a  long  time, 
previous  to  1814,  in  a  most  dilapidated 
condition.  Between,  however,  tbat 
year  and  1S69,  the  work  of  restoration 
was  thoroughly  and  vigorously  carried 
oat,  and  instead  of  being  the  disgrace 
it  is  now  the  pride  of  tJie  diocese.  It 
consists  of  nave,  aisles,  choir,  lady 
Chapel,  chapter-house,  and  2  towers 
atW.  eud,  TheW.  door  and  W.  front 
— the  latter  an  exquisite  specimen  of 
the  Pointed  style-— deserve  especial 
notice.  The  nave  and  W.  half  of  the 
choir  are  B.  E.  The  8.W.  and  N,W. 
doors  are  fine  ^ecimensoC  Norm,  work 
^ciro.  1160).    The  arch  &om  the  ohoi: 


the  beautiful  carving  of  the  presby- 
tery, or  choirj  and  of  the  Bp.'B  throne 
and  stalls.  There  are  several  in- 
teresting monnmente.  though  sadly 
mutilated.  The  S.W.  tower  Is  new, 
104  ft.  high,  and  of  8  storeys.  At  the 
end  of  the  village  are  the  ruins  of  the 


SUhov'i  PalaBe.  The  gate-house  is 
tolerably  perfect,  and  is  the  entiance 
to  garden  of  the  present  bishop's  resi- 
dence. CoiBbriage  (Jnn:  Bear)  is 
12  m.  by  road,  and  is  easily  accessible 
by  rail,  viiL  LUaitTiisaiit  J\tnc,,  whence 
the  tourist  should,  if  possible,  proceed 
to  explore  the  beautiful  Vale  of  NeaOi. 
From  Cowbridge  the ,  tourist  should 
also  not  fail  to  visit  the  very  interest- 
ing town  of  Llantwit,  and  a  little  fur- 
ther 8.,  on  the  coast.  St  Donat't. 
From  here  (Cowbridge)  it  is  S  m.  to 
Bridgmd  (Wyndham  Arms  fiotel), 
whence,  2  m,,  aie  Coity  CiMreh  and 
Cattle,  the  foimer  (restored)  a  fine 
cruciform  ediflco  of  11th  cent.,  the 
latter  an  exteoeive  ruin.  I/odginga 
and  good  bathing  may  be  had  at 
Forihcawl,  5  m.  6.W.,  and  |  hr.  by 
rail.  8t.  MeUon'e  Ch  2  m.  K  of  Car- 
diff,  a  fine  old  chorcii  of  11th  cent, 
hftvine  a  peculiar  lopsided  chancel: 
and  the  castle  (rebuilt  IGth  eent.). 
Church  and  village  of  St.  Fagam'a 
(Stat.),  should  also  be  visited  if  pos- 
sible. Within  3  m.  of  the  latter,  on 
Daffryn  estate,  ace  3  famous  crom- 
lechs, one  of  them,  at  SI.  Nicholas, 
said  to  be  tlie  largest  in  Britain, 

Cardiiran  (Cardigansh.),  by 
rail  (abont  1  hr.)  fkim  Caermarthen 
to  Uandyitil,  a  village  charmingly 
situated  on  the  Biver  Teifi;  thenceoy 
coach  (19  m.)  which  meets  the  trains, 
through,  i.  m,,  village  of  Ltangeler ;  ii 
m.  Neaoae&e  Evdyn  (Jnn :  Salutation), 
the  route  from  which  is  along  the  rt 
bank  of  the  Teifl,  one  of  the  loveliest 
in  the  Principality,  which,  at  12  m. 
from  CaennarQieQ,  is  crossed  at  the 
picturesque  bridge  of  CenarA,  fomons 
for  its  salmon  leap.  The  primitive 
little  village  and  water-mill  here,  to- 
gether with  the  water-faU,  form  a  scene 
of  rare  beauty.  Thence  it  is  4  m.  to 
village  of  LUchrhyd,  a  good  station  for 
anglers ;  and  3  m.  beyond  is  Caidigaa 
(Inns:  Black  lion;  Angel).  The 
town  itself  has  nothiiu;  in  ]^icular 
to  attract  the  stranger,  but  it  is  a  con- 
venient reating-plaoa  from  which  to 
visit  the  smrocnding  country.  The 
scenery  to  the  north  of  the  Teid  is 
very  pretty,  parttcnlarly  at  Si.  Do^ 
xaatVs,  1  m.,  where  scanty  ruins  ezi^t 


CARDIGAN— OABLISLE. 


97 


otlheoDcefamoiUHbbeyof  thatname.  I 
A  DE»tE.-E.  church  occapiMB  portion  ' 
of  the  site.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
liyet  U  Bome  flue  rock  and  cave 
sceoen,  Citgerran  CalSe  may  be 
Tieitea  by  lood  (3§  m.),  of  by  water, 
the  latter  preferable.  The  chief 
featnres  of  the  rains  Are  2  massiTe 
toand  towers,  and  a  gate-home.  The 
sitnation  is  lovely,  aod  should  be 
Tinted  for  that  alone.  The  road  from 
CardigBiQ  lo  Aberaeron,  N.,  23  m., 
nms  inland,  and  ia  imintenwtiug,  bat 
Bome  flne  scenery  is  to  he  met  with 
by  foUoniuK  the  coast.  Jbervortht 
T  m.,  a  primitive  fishing  and  bathing' 
place;  Neiv  Quay,  a  stOBll  harbonr 
and  bathing-place,  and  thence  to  Aher- 
aeroa  (Inn  :  Featbera,  comfortable),  a 
hrounte  watering-place,  pleasantly 
ntoatad.  Thenoe  it  ia  16  m.  to  Aber- 
yamOi,  the  rood  rnnning  for  sereral 
miles  on  the  face  of  very  steep  cliffs, 
preseDting  a  fine  panorama.  On  S. 
side  of  Cardigao  it  is  aboat  10  m.  to 
Nempofl,  and  7  m.  thence  to  Fithguard 
(see  St.  David't). 

Cabbw,  see  Tenty, 

Cahiebbooei,  see  Wight,  IiU  of. 

Carlisle  (Cmnb.>-^tat.,  L.  & 
N.  W.  K^ ;  Maryport  and  Carlisle 
Kly;  N.  B.,  for  Newcastle,  &c. ;  Mid- 
land ;  Caledoman ;  N.  British  :  Oks- 
-  gow  4  8.  Weatn.;  Billoth  Bay  B!j. 
(Lm :  ••County  Hotel,  adjoining  rail- 
way station) — is  a  fine  old  bolder  city, 
the  capital  of  the  county,  and  the 
LagnnaUiim  of  the  ItomanB.  The 
entrance  to  the  oity  from  the  railway 
station  is between2largemodem drum- 
towers,  boilt  in  imitation  of  2  erected 
by  Hen.  VHI.  These  contain  the 
assize-oonrfs.  The  Cathedral 
mc«t  intereaiiug  object.  The  i 
ibonded  by  Hen.  I.  The  nave 
rednoed  to  2  arches,  atipported  by 
ma«8iTe  E.-Norm.  pillars.  The  flue 
cAcnr  was  begnn  in  reign  of  Edwd.  I., 
after  a  &e  which  had  destroyed 
neariy  the  vbdie  of  the  bnilding  E.  of 
the  tower,  bnt  was  not  completed  till 
140O.  The  oathedral  bae  undergone 
freqnent  renovations,  but  the  work  of 
Testoralion  wss  commenced  in  earnest 
in  J8S8,  at  ft  cost  of  15,0001.  The 
ceUing  is  panelled  with  emblazoned 


boBKS,  and  gionps  of  stars  in  gold. 
The  roof  Is  sapported  by  elegant  cta>- 
tered  columns  and  pointed  arches, 
E.-E.  style.  Notice  especially  the 
finely-sculptured  capitals,  with  curious 
devices,  and  the  very  elaboiate  carving 
of  the  bUck  oak  stalls.  On  the  panels 
at  the  beck  of  the  stalls  are  some  old 


great  E.  window,  50  tl.  high  and  30  ft. 
wide,  is  filled  with  the  most  el^ant 
and  delicate  traceries,  and  is  considered 
the  fincat  deeoisled  window  in  the 
kingdom.  The  window  in  N.  transept 
—  flubacribed  for  by  the  inhaHtants, 
tribute  of  sympathy  to  Dr.  Tait, 
then  Dean  of  Carlisle,  now  Aiohbishm 
of  Canterbury,  who  lost  five  of  hia 
children  witliin  a  few  weeks  from  scar- 
let fever.  A  very  floe  reredoa,  haod- 
me  altar-steps,  4c.,  have  been  erected. 
L  the  N.  aislA  beneath  a  plain  aUb, 
buried  Atchdn,  Psley,  whose '  Hone 
Panliuw '  and  '  Evidences  of  Chris- 
ianity'  were  written  in  one  of  the 
prebendal  houses.  On  the  wall,  under 
the  E.  window,  is  a  plain  moanment 
to  his  memory.  Notice  also  new  mona- 
'  '  S.  aisle  to  Bp.  Watdegiave, 
d  copper  plate  on  wall  of  N. 
aisle  to  Bp.  Kobmson,  I6I6.  The 
Caitie,  to  N.  of  the  city,  overlookinK 
the  river  Eden,  was  a  stronghold  H 
the  flrst  importance  in  the  Bct^tisb  and 
Civil  wars.  Over  the  gateway  are  . 
some  obUtereted  arms.  Rich.  III.  vnia 
once  governor  of  it.  Maiy,  Q.  of  Boots, 
was  imprisoned  liere  in  156S.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  of  cotton, 
ginghams,  and  checks.  Stanieix,  a 
suburb,  is  connected  with  the  city  by 
a  fine  tiridge,  from  which  there  is  an 
eitensivB  and  pleasing  view,  aud  the 
church  and  church- jai3  occupy  the  site 
of  one  of  the  stations  on  the  Bomau 
Wall.  Its  situation  is  beautifol.  OOi- 
land  8pa  (see)  is  16  m.  by  rail,  and 
1  m.  from  Gilsland  Stat.  WeOitrai 
(Cnrntn  HaUl),  is  4^  m.  by  rail,  (New- 
castle and  <Arli«le  RIy.).  Visit  ch., 
in  which  is  a  beautiful  monument,  by 
NMekau,  to  wife  fd.  1788)  of  Henry 
Howard,  Esq.  Corty,  the  seat  of  the 
Howard  fiunily,  is  on  oppodte  bank 
[of  the  river.     The  view  here,  from 


CASTLE  CAnr—CMTLETON. 


and  baloiT  the  bridge,  is  magnificent. 
1}  m.  N.  of  Wetberal  is  intereatirig 
litUe  Norm.  ch.  of  Waneick,  vith  & 
remarkable  apae,  Natuorth  Castle 
(Earl  of  CBrlisfe),  the  reiidenoe  (1557) 
of  Lord  William  Howard,  Lord  Warden 


Oabbedds  Llbwsiys  4HI1  Dajtdd, 
Bee  Capd  Ourw. 

C&BVO,  Bee  Ntwloion. 
Cabbhalton,  see  Croydon. 
Caktmel,  see  Grange, 
CAssioBnitT,  see  Wat/ord. 
Gakceu.  Cabb  EraioK,  b 

Castlb  Aobb,  see  Sieaffham. 
Casflb  Abhbt,  see  Norlhamptoa. 
Castle  Cary  <SomeiBetO.Stat., 


I  Welgh- 


G.  W,  Bly.,  J  m.  N.  of  the  town. 
Jntu  .■  AlniefDid  Ion ;  0«orge ;  Britui- 
sia.  This  little  town  deriTee  its  in- 
terest troia  the  beanty  of  the  surronDd- 
ing  oouotty.  The  cruciform  Perp. 
Ch.  oontains  a  font,  dating  frum 
Hen.  YL,  and  a  richly-carred  pidpit. 
Opposite  the  chnrch  is  CaMle  Cary 
Park,  a  prettily  broken  hill-side. 
From  its  Biumiut,  which  is  celled 
Lodge  Hitt,  the  most  extensile  views 
are  obtained. 

The  road  to  Wincanton,  6  m.,  i 
of  the  prettiest  in  the  county. 
1}  m,  it  passes  on  I.  Hadepen  Some 
(Henry  Hobhonse,  Esq.),  a  grey  old 
mansion  beneath  a  wood.  Alford, 
2i  m.  W.,  has  a  very  beantifiil  and 
nell-restored  ch. 

Castle  Cooh,  see  Cardiff, 
Oa?tlb  ComiE,  see  Chippenham. 
CaHtle   UonluirtOIl  (Der- 
by.)—Stat.,  Midland  Rly.,  9}  m.  from 
Derby:  4}  m.  from  Trent ;  and  11  m. 
&om  Nottingham — contains  a  few  re- 
mains of  a  castle,  built  by  Gaslace  de 
Hatton,  and  a  fine  old  Ch.,  with  monu- 
tnpnts  of  the  Hastings  family.    Don- 
ington  Park,  I  m.  W„  was  formerly  the 
Bent  of  the  Marqnia  of  Hastings. 
Castlb  Eden,  see  Harllepml. 
Castlb  Frooue,  see  Ledbary. 
Ihsmx  Himtxnwjnw,  gee  SibU, 
Castle  Howakd,  see  Yorh 
Caotxe  Risino,  see  Iiynn,  King'i. 


Castleton  (Derby  .>—G)  m .  from 
Chapel-on-le-Prith  Stat.,  L.  &  N.  W. 
Rly.;  omnibus  to  ShefBeld  thrice 
weekly,  I6i  m.  (Intu .-  •Castle ;  Nag's 
Head)— -isaprimitiTelittle  town  in  uie 
very  heart  of  the  wildest  portion  of 
the  Peak  scenery.  The  Ch.  has  a 
beautifal  chancel  Norm,  arch,  with 
billet  moulding.  In  the  vestry  is  a 
library,  with  a  blaok-letter  Bible,  dale 
1539,  and  a,  Breeches  Bible.  The 
Peak  Cattle,  on  the  summit  of  the 
cliffs  over  the  village,  was  bnilt  by 
Wm.  PereriL  Only  the  keep  is  left, 
at  the  S.W.  angle,  the  w^ls  8  ft. 
thick.  In  the  interior  are  two  cham- 
bers, the  lower  of  which  was  reached 


(a)  The  Peak  Cavern  (an  attorUoa- 
aiefee  of  2*.  Sd.  it  demanded  hy  the 
miide)  is  100  yds.  &om  the  village,  and 


a  ooonpiet 
L  weird  ef 


whde  length  of  2300  ft.  Theentnuwe 
led  by  mpe-BpinnetB,  who  give 
effect.  The  saLent  poinU  are 
First  Water,  the  Great  HaU, 
120  feel  high,  'Bagar  Bain's  House, 
Devil's  Cellar,  E^fwsf  House,  and 
Qreat  Tom  of  Lincoln,  an  immensely 
lof^  dome.  (t>  Bmedwell  Cavem, 
2  m.,  at  foot  of  the  Winniats.  is  a  dis- 
□sed  mine.  The  Great  HaU  is  so  high 
that  rockets  have  been  sent  np  450  ft. 
without  toucliing  tlie  top,  (e)  .Blue 
John  Mine  (still  worked),  14  m.,  on 
Cbapet  road,  io  the  side  of  "rray  cliff. 
Fine  masses  of  stalactite  to  be  seen 
here ;  notice  especially  the ''  oigMl,"  and 
great  qnantiti^  of  £Iu«  John,  or  Derby- 
shire spar  (calcicfluoride);  LordMiu- 
grave's  Dining-room,  the  Variegated 
Cavern,  and  the  Crystallized  Cavern 
are  the  principal  (^Lambera.  Excar- 
itConi :  (a)  I  m.  8.  np  Cum  Dale,  a 
romantic  olif^  leading  to  the  Hazard 
"■  ).  (6)  1  m.  on  the  Chapel  road  to 
Wmdgatet,  or  Winniats,  a  very 
ravine,  with  cliffl  of  immense 
height.  At  its  bead  torn  off,  on  rt.,  to 
Mimi  Tor  (1709  ft.),  which,  tiom  the 
constant  disintegraton  of  the  coal- 
measuie  shales,  is  called  the  Bbivering 
Mount  There  is  a  lovely  view  E.  over 
Sopt,  and  N.  over  Edale  to  Kinders- 
coot.    (o)  1}  m.  on  Hattierssge  rood 


CESNE  ASSAS-CHABD. 


to  Hope,   which  has  a  fine  Perp.  Ch. 
uid  porch  with  a  chamber  above  it. 
1  m.  fiirther,  at  BrouffA,  ia  a  wctaagnlar 
BoDULn  camp.     (See  also  Sh^dd — 
Environs.) 
Cahtlbton  (Yocka.),  Bee  WhW/g. 
Ca»tob,  see  Feterhotoagh. 
Cabwau.  Bay,  see  Swanna. 
Cavendish,  see  Clare. 
Cawstoh,  «ee  A^JHtam. 
Ckfs,  see  Omemtry  and  St.  Aiaph. 
Cehabs,  see  Amlweh. 
Cbkakth,  see  Cardlgai 
C*:meAbb»B  {Dorset.).   Nete 
Jrb.     Tbia  ia  »  «maU  town  on  the 
rivet  Oeme,  raiToaiided  I7  chalk  hills. 
It  was  the  site  of  a  very  u^e  and  im- 
portant abbey,  fonnded  (987)  by  Ail- 
mar,   Eatl   (H    Devon   and  CJomwall. 
The  only  remajm  of  the  abbey  conaiBt 
of  the  QiUe  Bmae,  tbe  AJibey  Eoiue, 
Uld  a  very  fine  barn.    The  Gate  jETmue 
is  also  very  fine,  witli  a  two-storeyed 
oriel  window  over  the  fan-groined  en- 
trance.   The  upper  roran  is  floored  with 
encanatio  tiles.    The  Abbey  Book  was 
the  reddenoe  of  Denzil,  Lord  Holies. 
The  bora,  of  the  ISth  cent.,  is  an  ex- 
cellent example,  with  noble  buttiosaeB 
Some  tnuiei  of  tbe  park  and  garden) 
can  still  be  disaemed.   On  the  munmit 
of  a  hUl  to  the  N.E.  are  the  foundations 
of  the  chapel  of  St  Catherine. 

The  Ch.  is  a  fine  example  of  tbe 
Ferp.  atyle,  with  a  noble  tower,  dis- 
playing a  beantifU  canopied  niche, 
enshrining  B  statue  of  the  Virgin  and 
Child.  Within  is  a  stone  rood-screen. 
Immediately  above  the  t«wu  rises  a 
lofty  eminence,  popularly  called  the 
QianSt  BM,  from  an  imcontb  colossal 


the  chnrchyard  is  an  object  of  con- 
eiderable  interest,  a.  beantifal  spring  of 
water,  traditionally  said  to  have  twen 
raised  by  St.  Aognstine,  by  whose 
name  it  is  still  called.  Tbe  remains  of 
a  wall  surround  it,  said  to  be  Uiose  of 
St.  Augnstise's  ChapeL 

Cebbto  Cbikwen.  see  M(^'head  and 
Llangefni. 

Cbkbio-T- 


Chaxdeslet  Cobbett,  see  Kidder- 


CsAmTTOirsuBy  Risa,  ee 
Chapel  •  en  - 1«  -  Prith 

(Derby.).  Slala.  Midi,  and  L.  k  N.W. 
Blys.,  the  latter  t  m.  fn»n  Qie  tovm. 
Inn:  King's  Arms.  The  Ch.  of  St. 
Thomas  &  Becket,  on  an  eminence  at 
the  top  of  Market-place,  is  an  ancient 
edifice.  Fine  views  from  Dympm,  2i 
m.  N.  (1633  ft.),  looking  northwards 
into  Edale  and  over  Kinderscont  (see 
Hayfidd).  Exeamon:  2  m.  W.  to 
BTodehatB  Ball,  under  Eccles  Fike 
(1225  ft),  which  baa  a  gateway,  17th 
cent,  witii  the  Biadehaw  arms  and 
some  carvings  and  iuscriptifHis.  Bux- 
ton (by  raill  5i  m. 

Oiara  (Someraet>  Stat  G.W. 
Bly.  (Bmnch,  15^  m,,  fVom  Tamiton 
to  Chard)  and  Stat.  S.W.  Bly.  (Branch 
from  Chard  Jonction).  Jniu:  Chard 
Arms ,-  George ;  Crown.  This  ia  a 
rather  handsome  town.  The  Ch.  con- 
tains a  strange  old  monument  to  the 
memory  of  William  Brewer,  a  phy- 
sician of  Chard,  and  his  wife,  d.  I(il4. 

The  Grammar  Sehool  is  a  quaint 
old  building,  deserving  notice,  as  well 
as  some  other  houses,  probably  of  the 
16th  ceot.^ne,  aljove  the  G^irge ; 
and  another,  the  Chough  Inn,  beyond 
the  intersection  of  the  i  sireeta. 

Snowdon,  one  of  the  summits  on  the 
highland  from  the  Blackdowns,  rises 
immediately  above  the  town,  sod  on 
a  clear  day  will  give  the  traveller  fine 
prospects  oTer  Devonshire  and  Somer- 
set tj  m.  will  bring  him  to  the 
highest  point. 

WindwhittU  Ian,  on  the  narrow  ridge 
of  Bana  Hill,  4  m.  W.,  also  com- 
mands a  vride  and  ^sdnating  view. 

.Foril  Abbey  (Knap  Inn),  Herbert 
vans,  Esq.,  4  m.  fitnn  Chard,  and 
IJm.  &om Chard BoBd  June,  ia  a  very 
beautiful  monastio  -  structure,  mixed 
with  much  modem  work.  It  is  seated 
in  its  park,  in  a  retired  valW  on  the 
-"—Axe.  ItwBsbmlt(1148)ioracom- 
ity of  Cisteraian monks.  TheC^j>«I 
is  the  oldest  portion,  and  a  very  good 
esample  of  Transition,  with  a  vaulted 
roof,  finely  carved  screen  and  pulpit, 
and  obtusely  pointed  aiches.  The 
Cibtffer  still  reteins  aU  the  beauty  of  its 


100 


CBAMFIELD—CSATSAM. 


mnlting  and  dcUrate  tracerv.  It  is  now 
used  as  a  conaervatoiy.  The  liall,  or 
refectory,  a  28  ft.  high  and  55  ft.  long, 
lighted  b;  4  lat^e  Todor  vrindows ; 
W.  of  it  are  the  itaie  aparlmentt,  de- 
Bigned  b;  Inigo  Jonea ;  the  most  re- 
markable of  tjiese  are  the  dtning-room 
and  dmvting-Toom,  both  with  elabo- 
rate and  beantiful  ceiling  The 
grand  itaireaie  JB  much  adimred.  It 
leads  to  the  eahon,  a  aoble  loom  50  ft. 
long  and  28  ft  high.  In  the  pathia 
a  lake  well  stored  vith  flsh,  and  WTeral 
aid  trees,  particnlarl^  a  cedar  of  Leba- 
non of  remarkable  size. 

Leiglt  Houm  (Honle;  Cornieh,  Esq.), 
on  the  hill-sida  oppo«te  Ford,  is  a  fine 
old  Elizabethan  manaion,  a  perfect 
eiample  of  the  period. 

Oiarfleld  (Gloncest),  Stat. 
Midi.  Bly,  is  in  an  interesting  neigb- 
bourbood.  2  m.  £.  is  Walbm-mider- 
Edge  (see),  and  2  m.  W.  is  TartaorOi 
Court  (Earl  Dncie),  in  a  most  pic- 
tuiesqae  park.  Near  the  hones  ie  the 
Tortworth  clieilnut  tree,  the  oldeat  and 
largest  in  England,  and  mentioned  aa 
a  boundary  ti«e  in  the  reign  of  King 
Stephen.  The  Ck.  (rebuilt)  has  mo- 
numents in  cinque-cento  to  the  Throck- 
mortoDS,  and  a  por^it  in  stained  glaaa 
of  Edw.  IV.  The  district  ja  most  in- 
teresting to  the  geologist — a  Silurian 
upthrow  from  beneath  the  oolite  and 
new  red.    It  is  rich  in  silurion  fossils. 

Ch*blton,  aee  Woohoich, 

CHARLiroN  KiMGS,  866  Cheltenham. 

Charltom-om-Diwoor,  see  Oxford 
(Eicurs.). 

Charhoutdi,  see  Ijyme  Regit. 

CHiHTDAM,  see  CanterhitTj/. 

Chartley,  see  Stafford. 

Chatbdrn,  see  Cliiheroe. 

Chatham  (Kent).  Stat.  Lon- 
don, Chatham,  and  Dover  itly.  20  m. 
by  road  from  London,  boie:  The 
Mitre ;  Sun ;  latter  close  to  the  Pier, 
at  which  tho  steamers  to  and  from 
Sheeiness  and  Sonthcnd  touch.  The 
town  consists  mainly  of  one  bustling 
street  (about  2  ra.  long).  The  military 
lines  sdid  fortifications  divide  it  into 
two  parts — the  old  town  and  Old  and 
Xew  Brompton.  The  principal  attnic- 
lions  are  the  Doiicyari  (to  be  seen  by 
application  at  entrance  gate),  Barraeke, 


Coieuiet  Pmon,  and  HotpitaU.  The 
Dockyard  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant eatabliahments  in  the  kingdom, 
and  vaat  additions  are  being  made  to 
it.  A  number  of  outlying  detached 
forte  are  in  course  of  oanstmction,  and 
when  theae  are  completed  the  fortress 
defending  the  Dockyard  will  rank  as 
one  of  the  first  in  England.  The  Gun 
Wharf,  adjoining  the  Dockyard,  con- 
taina  a  large  park  of  artillery.  The 
prineipal  Barracla  eitend  along  the 
side  of  the  rivra  Medway,  and  contain 
accommodation  tormoreUianSOOO  men, 


Mary's  has  accommodation  for  2000 
convicts,  most  of  whom  are  employed 
in  the  Dockyard  extension  works  and 
in  brickmaking.  Fori  Fiil,  on  the 
hill  overlooking  Ihe  town,  contains  a 
well  arranged  military  hospital.  At 
the  foot  of  Fort  Pitt  is  Si.  Sartholo- 
mevi'e  Ilotpiial,  founded  12th  cent 
The  Meljrate  Naval  Hof^tal  is  a  fine 
building,  situated  in  a  hue  with  Chat- 
ham Banacks.  The  Lotk  Ho^ilal, 
also  an  imposing  building,  ia  in  the 
Mflidstone  road. 

f/pnor  Caetle,  opposite  the  Docks, 
waa  originally  erected  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Arsenal,  It  was  Mim- 
bnrded  by  Van  Tromp  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  II,,  and  has  been  until  re- 
cently used  for  storing  ganpowder. 
The  Royal  Engineers  have  an  esta- 
blishment at  Upnor  for  building  pon- 
toons ;  and  at  the  Oilllngham  end  of 
the  Docks  H.M.S. '  Hood '  is  stationed, 
and  is  used  aa  a  school  fbr  instruction 
in  the  use  of  torpedoes. 

Srompton,  a  hamlet  in  GJllingham 
parish,  18  completely  enveloped  in  the 
continnons  and  extensive  fortified 
Linei  constructed  for  the  defence  of 
the  Dockyard  and  Oun  Wharf.  These 
lines,  which  are  of  unusual  merit,  in- 
close a  superb  naval  hospital,  banracks 
for  the  Royal  Moriuc  Light  Infantry, 
barracks  and  hospital  for  tlie  line, 
which  aETord  accommodation  for4000  or 
5000  men,  and  barracks  (with  fine  me- 
morial arch)  for  the  Royal  Engineers. 
The  models  and  tools  of  the  latter  corpa 
merit  a  minnte  inspection ;  and  a  day 
seldom  rasacs  on  which  some  inter- 


CHAT8W0BTB—CREADLE. 


eettug  field  operatioa  may  not  be  wil- 
neesed.  The  Model-room  and  Lectare- 
Ikeatre  are  on  the  S.  side  of  the  bar- 
lack  aqiiare.  Tbo  JUuseum  is 
daily  from  a  to  5,  on  introduction  by 
an  officer  of  the  garriBon.  1  m,  E, 
of  Brompton  is  the  village  of  Gilting- 
ham,  famous  for  its  cherry-sacdena. 

ChaMn-<»rth  (Derby.),  3  u. 
from  Rovfsley  Stat.  Midi.  BIy.  lomni- 
bus),  and  4.  m.  (3  m.  by  the  bridle- 
road  over  Bow  Ciobb)  from  BokeweJl 
StaL  Good  AotebatBoivsley  (*Peacock), 
and  at  Edensor  CCbatgwortb  Hotel, 
wheto  tickets  for  flshiog  may  be  had), 
in  the  Park,  only  f  m.  from  the  house. 
The  Park  is  open  to  visitora  every 
day,  and  the  }iouEe  between  11  A.1I. 
and  i  P.u ;  on  Saturd^s  no  admission 
after  1  f.u.  ;  closed  on  Sundays.  ChaU- 
worth,  "  the  Palace  of  the  Peak,"  scat 
of  tbe  Duke  of  Devonshire,  is  con- 
rideied  the  finest  mansion  in  England, 
and  stands  in  a  beautiful  and  moat  ex- 
tensive park,  and  on  the  bank  of  the 
Derwenti  which  is  crossed  by  a  bridge 
ornamented  witli  statuei  by  Gibber. 
On  1.  is  moated  tower  called  Mivnft 
Boieer,  where  the  Q.  of  Scota  passed 
tnnch  of  her  time.  In  courtyard  ia  a. 
weeping  aih,  brought  aa  a  fiul-grown 
tree  from  Derl^,  2*  m.  The  following 
are  tbe  principal  rooms,  which  are 
snpeib  in  their  ornamentation  and  ait 
treasurea,  and  particularly  in  tbe  car- 
Tings  of  Oriiiiing  Gilibone.  Sub-halt. 
— Teaaelated  pavement,  and  painted 
eeiling,  after  Guidife  Aurora.  Great 
Hall. — Paintings  by  Ferrio  and  La- 
guerre  ;  subject  of  the  ceiling,  tbe  Apo- 
theosis of  Jnlius  Ctesar.  Corridor. — 
Swiss  viewa.  Chapel. — Altar-piece  by 
Verrio,  Incredulity  of  Thomas :  sta- 
tues of  Faith  and  Hope,  by  Oblier ; 
carvings  by  Qibbons.  The  altar  is  of 
malachite.  Sketch  GaUery. — Includes 
worki  of  if.  Angelo,  Leonardo  da 
Vinci;  figure  of  St.  Paul  preaching, 
Saohael ;  Portrait  of  himielf,  Titian ; 
Henry  VII.  and  VIII.,  iroIb«n;  Van- 
dyel^e  sketch-book,  &c.  South  GaiL — 
8t.  John  in  the  Wilderness,  Titian ; 
Infant  Bavlnnr,  L.  da  Vinci ;  Presenta- 
tion in  tbe  Temple,  Jean  Mabvxe  (a 
very  curiona  picture) ;  Consecration 
i4  S-i-  Beckett,/.  Van  Ey<^;  Holy 


Family,  MariUo  ;  Woman  taken  in 
Adultery,  P.  Veronete ;  Convent  cha- 
pel, Granet  (fine  eflect  of  CTening 
light).  SlaU  Bootiu  (S.  bont).— Ex- 
quisite carvinga  by  Gibhoai,  and  es- 
pecially hia  celebrated  lace  cravat; 
coronation  tbronea  of  Geo.  III.  and 
Will.  IV^  by  WaUon.  Mmic  Boom. 
— Colleotion  of  mioeralt  Old  State 
I>rainno-roo)n.— Malachite  cloak  given 
by  an  Emperor  of  Buasia ;  carved  net 
and  game,  by  Gibbont.  Private  Draw- 
ing-TOom,  —  Pictures  (not  shown). 
Billiard  flooni,— Bolton  Abbey,  Land- 
leer ;  Boy  opeulng  Gate,  CoUin* ;  ceil- 
ing by  TTioriihiU.  Tbe  Library  is  not 
ahown.  A'eio  Dining-room. — line  col- 
lection of  portraits  by  Vandyek,  viz. 
A.  Goodwin;  his  daughter;  the  Earl 
of  Devonshire.  Countess  of  Devon- 
shire, 0.  Honlbonl ;  ohamiing  pieces 
of  Carrara  marble  by  Weetmaeott 
and  Serier.  Nem  Sc^pture  Gallery. — 
Statue  of  Madame  Letitia,  mother  of 
Napoleon,  Canoua ;  Venus  with  the 
Apple,  Thorwaldeea ;  Spinning  Girl, 
SiAadovi;  End^ion  Asleep,  (SiKma  ; 
Night  and  Morning,  Thorwiddten ;  The 
Quoit-player,  Ketielt :  in  a  vase  are 
(Nova's  chiaul,  modol-atick,  pen  and 
glove.  Tbe  Orangery. — The  garden* 
(80  acree),  in  antique  style :  notice 
the  glass  wall  for  acaciaa.  &c.,  and  the 
superb  lotaferia ;  tbe  rAodoiierufron  and 
aialea  grounds.  The  Arboretum  (40 
acres).  The  Comervalori)  (the  largest 
private  one  in  tbe  vrorld),  built  by  (be 
late  Sir  Joteph  Paxfon,  the  deaigner  of 
tlie  Crystal  Palace;  a  carriage-road 
runs  round  the  interior,  which  is  276 
by  12B  ft.  At  the  back  of  the  house 
ia  a  colossal  flight  of  steps,  anrmounted 
by  a  Temple,  forming  part  of  a  vast 
system  of  water-works  and  fountains. 
The  great  Fountain  plays  to  the  height 
of267ft.  There  is  also  an  iron  viiioiD, 
every  branch  of  which  ia  a  pipe.  The 
KUdieO'aardene  require  a  special  order, 
and  BO  does  tbe  yea  Holland  Soaee, 
and  that  for  the  VicUiria  Begia,  or 
royal  water-lily,  which  is  in  a  tank 
Hi  ft.  in  diam.  (For  places  of  interest 
near    Cbatsworth   see   Sheffield— En- 

'"cheadle  (etatf.)-Stat.  L.*  N. 
W.  find  Ches,  lines  (/iin ;  Hoyal  OakJ 


CHEDDAM—GHELa^FORD. 


—U  »  small  town  very  pictureaqnaly 
Bituftted.  There  ia  a  votj  fine  H.  C. 
Ch.,  by  Puffin,  at  the  ooet  (120,0001.) 
of  the  E.  of  Shrewsbury  ;  it  ie  snpeibl; 
deooTSited-  See  the  triptych  altar-piece 
in  the  Lady  Chapel,  representing  the 
Passion,  ftud  the  ohancel  amh  pouted 
by  Eaiuer  of  Bome^  lepresentiiig  the 
I^st  Judnneni 

Cheddar  (Somerset.).  Stat. 
G.  W.  Rly.  (on  the  line  &om  Yatton 
b>  Wella).  Jniu :  Bath  Aims ;  Ktaf^s 
Aims.  This  plaoe  is  ^mous  Cor  &e 
neighbonring  clifft  and  eavena.  The 
richi  gtass-rarma  in  the  n^ghbourhood 
have  been  famoos  ttma  an  early  period 
for  the  Cheddar  dteetes. 

The  Ch.  ia  a  good  example  of  the 
SomersetBhiie  type,  with  a  stately 
tower  and  groined  bel&y. 

The  Tillage  extends  to  the  entranoe 
of  the  ravine,  where  the  rooks  hang 
grandly  over  (he  pass.  Opposite  Mr. 
Cox's  hotel  (King's  Arms)  U  the  Chedr- 
dar  canem,  aeoidentally  disoovered  by 
him  In  1S37:  U.  a  head  is  charged 
for  showing  its  wonders.  The  oave 
is  narrow  uid  of  small  size,  bat  qoile 
a  fairy  world :  in  every  port  it  la 
crowded  by  fantastic  flgnres,  the  in- 
sensible growth  of  ages,  atill  nonrUhed 
by  the  dripping  water. 

Several  caverns  of  larger  size  are 
ahown  by  the  women  who  offer  their 
services  to  viritors  aa  gnidea,  bnt  they 
are  mere  gloomy  vanlCa  in  the  hill- 
side. 

A  carriage-road,  made  in  ISOl, 
leada  throagh  the  pass  of  the  Cheddar 
diffs.  The  entrance  ia  more  grand 
than  might  be  expected  fVom  the 
character  of  the  hills ;  the  motmtain 
limeatone  riain?  abruptly  in  towering 
precipices,  whilst  from  a  cavern  at 
their  foot  the  Cheddar  water  rushes  in 
a  torrent.  The  finest  portion  of  the 
scenery  ia  included  in  the  first  \  m,, 
in  which,  a  cliff  riaes  vertically  on  the 
rt.,  and  directly  from  the  path  of  the 
speotatto',  to  an  elevation  of  429  ft. 
As  the  Toad  proceeds,  its  barriers 
grsdnaliy  open  ont,  and  the  dark  bine 
precipioes  are  succeeded  by  slopes  of 
turf.  The  chasm  is  about  a  roile  ia 
length,  and  preaenta  nnmerons  fine 
■Indies  of  rooks  md  caverns.    The 


nanal  mode  of  seeing  the  difis  may  be 
reversed  by  scaling  the  bill,  and  en- 
tering the  ravine  at  ita  nppei  part, 
descending  npon  the  grander  and  mote 
romantic  portions  of  &e  defile.  Mines 
of  lead  and  ealamiae  hare  been  worked 
on  the  Mendip  hills  from  the  time  of 
the  Belgie,  The  ISsndip  laad^mine 
may  be  viaited  in  a  walk  of  about  2  m. 
The  aummit  of  Slack  Down  (1100  ft) 
rises  at  a  short  distance  to  the  N.  of 
the  mine,  and  commands  a  moat  ex- 
tensive  and  beautiful  view.  The 
route,  8  m.,  to  WeUi  proceeds  along 
foot  of  tlie  Mendips. 

Chedzot,  see  Bridgiealer. 

Chelwoeton,  see  Afford  (Derby). 

Chelmsford  (Easex),  Stat 
Gt  East.  Rly.,  29^  m.  from  London. 
Imu;  Saracen's  Head;  Bell;  Lion 
and  Lamb.  This,  the  county-town, 
stands  at  the  junction  of  the  Can 
with  the  Chelmer,  &om  which  lat- 
ter river  it  derives  its  name.  At 
<me  end  of  Higb-street  ia  the  BMre 
AiC,  with  1  louic  pilasters  on  a 
basement  sterey ;  bnilt  1792.  Behind 
it  ia  £L  Mary'i  Ch..  with  a  massive 
tower,  and  body  chiefly  modem ;  what 
retoains  of  the  old  walls  is  almost  en- 
tirely Ferp.  (1424).  Thereisaourious 
doable  arch  in  the  N.  vrall  of  the 
chanoel,  whioh  has  been  considered 
unique.  At  the  Free  Bduxt,  endowed 
by  Bdw.  VI.,  were  brought  up  Phile- 
mon Holland,  b.  1551,  translator  of 
Livj,  &c.,  and  Ch.-JuBt.  Tindat,  both 
natives.  A  bronze  statue  of  the  latter, 
by  Bailey,  haa  been  oreotad  in  front  of 
tie  Shtre  HaJl.  The  Mitieum,  in  New 
Bridge-street,  contains  a  library  of  more 
than  3000  volumes,  fossils,  and  ob- 
jects in  natural  history,  antiquitiee, 
and  weapons  discovered  in  the  neigh- 
boarhood,  and  a  fine  oollection  of 
shells.  Open  daily  at  12.  The  Pott 
Office  is  in  High-street  At  WriOle,  21 
m.  S.W., is  a  moat,  said  to  have  encircled 
a  palaoe  of  King  John.  The  carions 
small  chantries  and  font  in  Ch,  de- 
serve notloB.  WritUa  Fork  is  a  fine 
Elizabethan  mansion.  At  Broomfield 
Vicarage,  2  m.  N.,  ia  preserved  a  Bible 
which  belonged  to  Ohailes  T.  Groat 
Baddoin,  1}  m.  S.K,  is  me  of  tho 
hAudsomeat  and  pleasantcsl  villages 
i 


CHELMSFORD— CEELTENBAM. 


ia  Esses.  Danbury  Hilt,  5  ra.  from 
Great  Boddov,  is  the  bigfaest  land  in 
Easex,  and  commanda  a  noble  rieir. 
The  so-called  Danieh  Camp  is  on  iU 
Bammii,  and  incluJes  the  Ch.  The 
bdldingiB  for  the  moat  part  B.  E,  and 
Dec.,  a^  was  restored  in  IS4T  and  Bub- 
■eqnent  years.  The  details  deserve 
DOtioe.  The  lanes  which  climb  to- 
vsrds  the  high  ground  of  Danbury 
ate  deep,  ferny,  and  almoat  as  pio- 
tuieeqtie  aa  those  of  DeTonehire.  A 
broken,  heathy  summit  below  the  main 
hiUiscalled"fh«Bodne^."  Fineviews 
are  commanded  from  it.  About  t  m. 
nearer  Chelmsford.  W.  of  Daubuiy 
Hill,  is  Doniury  Flace,  a  modem  Eli- 
zabethan mandon,  since  1847  tbe  reai- 
drace  of  the  Bishop  of  Kocbeater; 
1)  m.  8.  of  Danbory  are  the  ruins  of 
Suhnacre  Priory.  Boreham  Hovte 
(Sir  J,  P.  Tyrell.  Bart.)  is  ebout  3J  m. 
from  Chelmsford.  The  fcmiiy  traces 
its  descent  from  Waller  Tyrell,  the 
snppoBed  "  slayer "  of  William  Bnfns. 
The  Ch.  is  very  interesting  and  de- 
serves examination.  It  shows  traces 
of  Sbxoe  architecture  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  tower.    JTeio  EaU  (aow  a  E.  C. 


building  of  Tudor  age  and  architectore, 
and  is  of  interest  owing  to  its  former 
great  owners,  whidi  inolndod  Georf^ 
Villierfl  C1620)  and  Oliver  Cromwell. 
Pleihy,  of  considerable  historit&l  in- 
ttwat,  is  8  m.  N.W.  Here  Richard  II. 
commenced  bis  schemes  for  Ihe  murder 
of  the  Dnke  of  Qlouoester;  and,  in 
retaliation  for  this  crime,  the  half- 
brother  (Sir  John  Holland)  of  the 
£lng  was  beheaded,  1100.  Nothing 
remains  of  the  Caetle  except  a  brick 
btii^  which  i!Ommunic*ted  with  the 
E^p  on  the  Mmini.  The  tooriat  can 
pnx^ed  from  here  to  Danmme,  7  m. 

Witham  June.,  for  Colchester,  Ips- 
wich, Ac,  and  with  branchoSj  rt  to 
Uablon,  and  1.  to  Kainttee,  is  9  m. 
from  Chelmsford. 

Ghelstteij),  see  Chidehunt. 

Ohblswoeth,  see  LoTig  Melford. 

CbelteDhnm  (Glouoeatei.). 
fitata.  G.  W.  and  Midland  Klya. 
Jniu .-  'Plough,  High-street ;  Queen's, 
top  of  the  PromoQade ;   Bellevue ; 


The  LanadowD,  "a  private  hotel;" 
Boyal;  Fleece.  An  old-established 
inland  wotering-plaoe,  which  has  of 
late  yean  become  a  great  educational 
centre.  It  is  situated  in  the  vale  of 
Qbncestor,  and  in  a  basin  at  the  foot 
of  the  oolite  range  of  the  Colswolds, 
and  &0D1  its  mild  air  aad  chalybeate 
waters  is  in  great  favour  with  invalids 
and  Anglo-Indians,  though  rather 
relaxing  to  some  constitutions.  It  is 
iotereected  by  the  High-street,  2260 
yards  in  lengui.  "  The  Promenade,^ 
leading  at  right  angles  f^om  this 
afreet,  afforda  a  pleasant  walk  for 
--^-^-■-TS,  The  walks  are  shaded 
of  trees,  and  the  footway 
iH  »  a  distance  from  the  houses, 
which  extend  the  entiro  line  of  the  W. 
ade  of  the  street.  The  Montpelier 
pumproom,  a  rotunda  built  in  1826, 
adjoins  the  promenade  and  colonnade. 
Its  dome  is  52  fL  in  diameter,  and  the 
apartment  is  used  for  concerts,  balls, 
&c.  The  gardens  on  the  opposile  side 
of  tbo  road  are  open  to  sabsdibers  to 
the  Spa. 

At  "  The  A$ienibly  Boomi,"  in  High- 
street,  erected  1816,  public  and  sub- 
scription balls  bike  place  on  each 
Monday  between  October  t  and  April, 

On  the  N.  side  of  High-street,  ap- 
proached through  Winchcombnstceet, 
ia  PilUnOe,  a  suburb  built,  1825-28, 
^  the  late  Jos.  Pitt,  Esq.,  M.P.  Tha 
Pump-room,  a  splendid  edifice,  bos  a 
flnelv-proportioned  dome,  70  It.  in 
height,  and  is  surronnded  by  a  colon- 
naiM  20  fL  wide.  It  is  situate  amid 
beautiful  gardens,  which  are  open  to 
Hubacribersonly.  Musical  Promenades 
during  sumjner  three  days  a  week. 
Frequent  Fetes,  Flower  Shows,  &c., 
held  here  and  at  the  Montpeliei  G)ar- 

The  springs  are  chalybeate,  com- 
posed of  aperient  salts,  sulphate  of 
soda,  magnesiB,  and  of  oxide  of  iron, 
held  in  solution  by  carbonio  acid. 
They  are  found  efScacious  in  diseases 
of  tne  liver,  dyspepsia,  and  in  com- 
plaints arising  from  the  debilitating 
effects  of  hot  climates. 

TheoW  Cftureft  (restored),  erectedin 
the  14th  cent,  is  crudform,  and  noted 
for  its  rose-window  in  N.  l^nsept. 


104 


CHELTENHAM— CHEPSTOW. 


There  are  9  other  chnichea,  chiefly 
of  modem  Qothio,  and  of  no  archi- 
tectural pretensioos. 

The  iBomikn  Catholic  Ch.  ia  a  fine 
cruciform  structure,  iu  the  Dec.  etjle, 
with  a  loftj  spire  at  its  N.  end. 

There  are  two  ^ooi  clube.  One 
of  them,  the  New  Cbib,  a.  very  fine 
building  in  Imper ial-iquare.  aud  fiLClng 
the  Fromenade  on  S.E.  aide,  hal  been 
erected  at  a  coat  of  20,0001.  A  Winter 
Garden  and  Skating  Rink  are  being 
establiahed  near  it. 

The  PropriHary  CoOege,  in  tlie 
Bath  road,  was  opened  aa  a  achool 
in  1844,  and  haa  since  enjoyed  a  de- 
servedly high  reputation. 

Near  it  ia  Tkirlettam  Houee,  erected 
by  Mr.  Scott,  at  an  outlay  of  St.OOOI., 
in  the  Ionic  atyle.  The  rooms  now 
contain  tlte  valnabla  ai)d  extensive 
library  of  the  late  Bic  Thoa.  PhilUps, 
Bart 

The  galleries,  forming  the  E.  iring, 
are  filled  with  a  choice  collection  of 
mintinga  by  early  maalera  aud  alao 
by  modem  artists. 

2i  m.,  1,  on  the  toad  to  Evesham, 
ia  SouOmm  Houk,  the  oldest  residential 


other  in  the  kingdom.  It  is  of  timber 
and  stone,  temp.  Hen.  VII.  The  '" 
terior  has  been  restored. 

From  Leekltampbtn  Hili.  2  m., 
obtained  a  auperb  view  over  the  Vale 
of  Bevem  and  S.  Welah  billa.  The 
oolite  quarries  of  IVeestone  are  rich  in 
fbasils.  Extend  this  cicursion  to,  6  m., 
Birdlfp  HiU  (aee  GUmeealer). 

At  GKarlton  Kinga  (2  m.  from  Chel- 
tenham) a  new  Church,  built  at  the 
expense  of  C.  E.  Higga,  Eaq.,  in  the 
Qoometrical  Dec.  style,  waa  opened 
in  1871.  Great  taste  bos  been  laviahed 
upon  it,  and  it  contains  much  good 
sculpture.  In  the  chulchyard  of  the 
palish  ehurch  ia  a  very  flno  cross  of 
15th  cent.  date.  Thence,  i  m.,  to 
Seven  Springs,  There  the  Thamea  ia 
populaTly  anpposed  to  rise,  but.  in 
leuitj,  the  Bouroe  of  tbe  Chum  which 
nuB  wto  the  Thames. 

At  BIoibM  Park  (Eail  of  EldonX 
9^m.  on  the  roadto  Bnrford,  a  Roman 
vulawasdiscovaredinlSM,  un<kTthe 


Chedaorth  Wooda.  This  historic  relio 
has  been  rescued  from  oblivion  by  the 
liberality  of  the  Earl  of  Eldon.  It 
coDSlEla  of  twenty  chambers  commnni- 
cating  with  a  corridor  of  great  extent. 
""  '  '  'ed  pavements  are  in  good 
I,  and  sbow  a  bean^  of 
aesign  ana  elegance  of  form  and 
colour  equal  to  any  yet  discovered  in 
this  country.  Tho  original  walla  are 
standing  to  a  height  of  4  ft.  In  the 
immediate  neighhonrhood  of  the  villa 
are  the  foun&tbns  of  two  temples, 
one  round  and  tbe  other  square.  Sub- 
atantial  buildings  have  been  erected  by 
Lord  Eldon  to  protect  these  remaiua 
front  the  weather,  in  which  every  ob- 
ject of  interest  that  has  been  discovered 
la  arranged  and  clasaified.  There  is  a 
reaidenoe  for  a  cniator  (Hr.  Joachim), 
Duder  whoae  superintendence  these  in- 
teresting remaina  can  be  inspected, 

Win^eombe  (see),  for  Sudeley  CaitU, 
&e.,  is  7  m.  distant. 

Tmnketbary  (see)  ia  2  m.  from  Aih- 
ahurch  Slat. 

Cbknies,  see  Am^rtham. 


27  m.  from  Gloueetter,  and  easily  ac- 
cessible from  BHtlol,  via  New  Passage 
and  Portakewit  Juno. ;  also  rail  (Wye 
Valley)  to  Monmouth  (about  1  hr.). 
Inm:  (none  recommended)  Bcaufbrt 
Aitns  ;  George.  Is  most  picturesquely 
situated  on  W.  bank  of  the  Wye, 
about  2t  m.  from  its  ccmfluence  with 
tbe  Severn;  and  is  connected  with 
county  of  Gloucester  by  (in  addition 
to  the  railway  viaduct)  a  handsome 
bridge  of  5  aiohea,  from  which  beau- 
tiful views  may  ba  gained.  The  CtutU, 
an  object  of  great  iatereat  for  the 
tourist,  WBB  originally  founded  soon 
after  the  Conqueat.  but  the  existing 
remains  are  probably  temp.  Edw.  I.- 
IIX  (1272-1377)  with  later  additions. 
It  is  divided  into  four  Courts,  each 
with  separate  defences,  one  being 
tho  formidable  cliff  overhanging  the 
river,  on  edge  of  which  the  N.  mill  ia 
built  la  the  first  Court  are  the  offloea. 
including  the  kib^n.  On  L  ia  a  very 
fine  dnun  tower,  where  Henry  Marten, 
who  signed  the  death  warrant  of 
Charles  I.,  was  conflned  for  twenty 


CBEPSTO  W—CHEBTSEY. 


105 


yEUB.  In  an  npper  storey  ia  an 
Toatoiy  <£  aingnlar  beantj.  The  ae- 
oond  Court  is  now  a  garden,  and 
beyond  it  risea  the  raigioal  Nona. 
Keep,  the  oldest  pail  of  the  work. 
In  the  third  Court  the  remains  cf 
a  onoe  magnificent  hall  may  be  ex- 
plored. The  fourth  Court  ie  a  kind  ot 
outwork,  which  is  reached  by  a  nunio 
wooden  bridge  formerly  connected, 
prob^y,  by  a  drawbridge. 

ExamioM.—Bj  tooA,  or  boat,  to 
tbeTT^ni^i/ and  TmUm  Abbey  (5  m.). 
On  reaching  the  Wyndeiif  (3  m.),  tbe 
tonrist  should  quit  the  kmA.  and  moke 
for  tbe  summit  (900  ft.  above  the  river), 
which  displays  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able and  beautiful  views  in  England, 
not  aorpassedia  grandeur  by  any  other 
riTer  scene  in  Europe.  Zigzag  paths 
through  the  magnificently  -  wooded 
slopes  lead  to  tbe  Mmi  Cottage  (re- 
freshments); thcDce  it  is  2  m.  to 
Tiniem  Abbey,  the  most  romantic  ruin 
in  Britain,  the  property  of  the  Duke 
of  'Beaufort,  It  was  fouuded  1131 
for  Cistercian  moidis,  but  the  exist- 
ing dL  woa  not  completed  till  156 
Jtala  later,  lis  architecture  is  a  tran- 
sition Irom  E.E.  to  Dec.  style,  and  the 
carvings  etitl  preserved  exhibit  foliage 
of  most  elaborate  execution.  Its  lengtli 
is  228  ft.,  and  height  70  ft.  The  roof 
is  gone,  but  the  walla  are  entire.  On 
the  otfKDsite  bank  of  tbe  river  a  plea- 
sant walk  np  the  hills  leads  to  tbe 
DeeU't  PidpU,  commanding  a  fine 
-view  of  the  Wye.  From  the  village 
of  Tiniem  (*BeaufoTt  Arms  Hotel)  it 
is  10}  m.  to  MomaouSi,  passing,  3  m., 
the  pretty  little  village  of  Lland/i^o. 
The  tourist  ahould  not  omit  to  visit 
QOdecot  Cattle,  6}  m,  horn  Chepstow, 
■Old  Caeraieat  (the  Venla  Silurum  of 
the  Romans).  IJ  m.  N,  of  Caldeeot, 
an  important  garrison  of  the  Snd 
AoguBtan  legion.  Considemble  fi'ag- 
menla  of  Uie  ancient  walls  exist. 

Cbesttun  (Hants.),  see  Wincheder. 

Cbkbiton  (Seat),  see  FollcetUiae. 

Chebbt  HnjTOB,  see  Cambridge. 

Chertsey  (Surrey),  19  m.  from 
London  t^  rood,  and  a  Slat.,  22i  m,. 
on.  the  Cliertsey  and  Virginia  Water 
Branch  of  the  L.  4  S.W.  BIy.  Iim»: 
The  Swan,  Windeor-Btreet ;  Crown, 


London-street,  good ;  Bridge  Hotel 
(most  convenient  for  anglers  and  boat- 
ing men),  on  banks  of  river,  IJ  m.  fhwn 
station.  Tbe  town  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  rt  bank  of  the  Thome*. 
It  was  celebrated  in  former  times  for 
its  abbey,  and  is  still  distingniihed  as 
the  last  retreat  of  the  poet  Covlm, 
and  by  the  vicinity  of  St,  Anne's  HiU, 
the  favourite  residence  of  the  states- 
man Fox. 

Of  the  once  stately  abbey  bnildinga 
few  vestiges  remain.  A  lane  beyond 
the  parish  ch.  leads  direct  to  the 
abbey  bridge  crossing  the  little  abbey 
river,  where  will  be  found  the  frag- 
ment of  an  areb,  which,  with  the  wall 
iu  which  it  stands,  and  portions  of  a 
large  bam  oppositeL  serve  to  mark  the 
locality  of  the  monastery.  The  site  is 
now  occupied  by  a  market-garden. 

CoaUg  Houte  (C.  J.  Worthing- 
ton,  Esq.),  the  house  in  which  Cowley 
spent  his  last  days,  is  on  the  W.  eify 
of  GuildTord-street,  nair  the  rail  way  sta- 
tion. One  or  two  wainscoted  cbambeni 
yet  remain  much  oa  when  he  dwelt  here, 
as  do  also  the  poefs  study,  a  small 
closet  with  a  view  mefldow-ward  to 
St.  Anne's  Hill,  and  the  room,  over- 
looking the  lOad,  in  which  he  died. 
In  the  garden  ia  a  fine  group  of  trees, 
including  a  horse-chestnut  of  great 
size  and  beauty,  "beneatli  whose 
shadow  the  poet  freqnently  aat."  Nei- 
ther the  house  nor  grounds  can  be  seen 
withoat  special  leave. 

Chertety  Bridge  (Bridge  Hotel)  is 
nearly  }  m.  E.  of  tiia  town.  By  it  are 
broad  green  meadows,  and  the  river 
affords  some  good  trout,  perch,  and 
jack  fishing.  CUerUeg  i>ee«  extends 
from  the  weir  to  80  yds.  E.  of  the 
bridge.  Tlie  CridieteTi,  Bridge-road, 
ia  the  anglera'  inn. 

From  Cliertsey  there  ore  pleasant 
walks  in  oil  direclions,  and  on  every 
side  stately  domaius  and  handsome 
villas. 

£C  ilnnt'a  HiU,  famous  for  ita  view 
and  as  the  residence  of  Ch.  Jas.  Fox,  is 
Im.N.W.offlierailwayBtation.  Tate 
the  road  W,  (the  first  on  the  1.)  from 
the  station,  to  GoMen  Grove,  where  the 
rood  divides ;  here  ascend  the  rl.-henii 
road,  and  J  m.  up  on  the  left,  is  Fos's 


106 


CHERTSET—CHESHUNT. 


houBe,  and  opposite  to  it,  on  'tho  rt, 
the  wicket  wliich  gives  access  to  Uie 
summit  of  the  hill.  Golden  Grove  is 
a  little  country  inn  on  rt,  to  be  hnown 
by  the  grand  old  elm  ittmdii^  in  front 
of  it.  The  Mm  is  a  long,  insulated 
mass,  rimn^  240  ft  bota  the  tiver 
plain.  It  IB  inclosed,  wooded  to  the 
summit,  and  the  wa^  are  carefollj 
kept ;  but  every  part  is  open  to  the 
public,  and  seeta  aie  placed  at  the  best 
points  of  view.  The  prospects  from  the 
summit  and  sides  are  varied  and  beaa- 
tifnl.  Thoptesentnameisderivedftom 
a  chapel  dedicated  to  St.  Anne,  erected 
on  (tie  hill  by  the  monks  of  Chertaey 
Abbey  about  1331.  Nothing  remains 
of  this  chapel  except  a  mere  Fragment 
of  wail  behind  "  View  Point"  St. 
Anne's  Hill  is  now  the  seat  of  Lady 
HoUand. 

At  OOertliaw,  2  m.  3.  from  Chertsey, 
is  a  handsome  Ch.  and  patsnutge. 
erected  by  Bir  G.  G.  Boott.  at  the 
co«t  of  Sir  T.  G.  Colebrooke,  Bart., 
whose  fine  seat,  OHariflnw  Pari,  lies 
'  a  little  further  B, 

Cheseau.  see  AmertJiam. 

Ctaeshnnt  (Harts.),  13  m.  irom 
London  by  road,  and  16  m.  by  the  Gt 
E.  Bly.  (Hertford  line).  Intie:  Green 
Dragon,  Church  Gate ;  Woolpack, 
Cheahunt-street ;  Four  Swans,  Walt- 
ham  Cross. 

The  village  stretches  N.  fam  Wal- 
tham  Cross  for  3  m.  on  both  sides  of 
the  Cambridge  rood.  The  I<ca  river, 
which  divides  Herts  from  Esses,  bounds 
it  on  the  E.,  and  between  the  Lea  Euid 
the  Cambridge  rood  the  Lea  and  Stort 
NavigfttioB  and  the  Gt.  B.  Ely.  ran 
almost  parallel,  whilst  the  W.  side  of 
the  parish  is  traversed  by  the  New 
Eiver;  and  here  Uie  New  ffiver  Com- 
pany have  vast  Kserroirs  whicti  store 
7<i  million  gallons  of  water. 

Cheshnnt  proper,  or  Chwdt  Qale 
(i.e.  Church-^FSel),  is  above  )  m.  from 
the  main  road  W.  of  Turner's  Hill. 
The  badness  section  lies  along  Ibe 
high  mad,  and  is  known  as  Cheehaitl- 
dreef.  Here  are  the  Old  Nmieria  of 
Messrs.  Paul,  celebrated  for  the  pro- 
duction of  roses,  which  will  well  repay 

Of  the  manor-bouee  of  St.  AndrQws- 


le-Mote  a  portion  remains.  It  is  a  plain 
red-brick  fabric  standing  in  a  meadow, 
ou  the  rt  of  GoffVIane,  J  m.  N.  of 
the  ch.,  and  is  known  as  CAeshunf 
Boute,  or  the  Grsat  Souie.  A  portion 
ia  occupied  by  a  Ubonrlng  bmily.  who 
show  it  to  visitors.  The  principal 
feature  is  the  Oreal  HaO,  37  ft.  by  21, 
and  36  ft.  high.  It  has  an  open  tim~ 
ber  roofj  panelled  wainscot  walla,  and 
marble  floor,  and  contains  several  pOT- 
traits,  old  weapons,  sails  of  armour, 
an  early  harpaicnord,  and  other  objects. 

T)tedbald»  Park  (Aid.  James  Cotton, 
M.P.),  ft  good  red-briek  mansion  (1765- 
70),  stands  on  rising  ground  abont  IJ  m. 
S.W.  of  the  site  of  the  polaoe,  built 
1S60  and  following  years  by  Elizabeth's 
bmouB  minister,  William  Cecil,  after- 
wards Lord  Burleigh. 

Ceoll's  bouse  was  a  stately  struc- 
ture, containing  chambers  and  gal- 
leries of  great  splendour.  Here  he 
entertained  the  Queen  twelve  times 
at  ^eat  coat. 

'Ihe  first  Earl  of  Salisbury,  Bur- 


Theobalds,  and  entertained  James  I. 
here  for  four  days  (May  1603).  Three 
years  later  James  was  again  here,  and 
BO  delighted  was  he  with  the  place  that 
he  persoaded  the  Esrl  to  exchange  it 
with  him  for  Hatfield — the  present  seat 
of  the  Marquess  of  Salisbury,  the 
lineal  descenaant  of  the  owner  of  Theo- 
balds,   (fiee  Ealjield.) 

The  present  park  proper  ia  only 
aboQt  200  acres,  but  the  inclosed  estate 
is  very  eitcnsive :  there  are  roads  and 
walks  through  it  hom  Enfleld  Chase 
to  Choshunt  Ch.,  and  also  &om  Walt- 
ham  Cross. 

Gort  Oak,  ft  hamlet  U  ro.  WJ^.W. 
of  CEesbunt  Ch.,  Is  so  named  fhim 
a  funouB  oalc  which  stands  at  the  8. 
edge  of  Cboshunt  Common,  and  in 
front  of  a  little  country  ion  named 
after  it  To  reach  GoflTs  Oak  take 
the  Btst  lane  (GcfT's-lane)  on  the  1. 
post  (N.  of)  Oie  ch.,  and  continue 
along  it  for  about  1}  m.  From  Goff's 
Oak  there  are  cbanning  walks  H.  by 
Cheshunt  Common  towards  Wormley, 
1}  m..  beyond  Cheshunt,  and  1  ra.  S. 
by  W.  from  Broibourne  Stat,  Gt  E. 
Blj. ;  S.  by  Enfield  Chase  and  Theo- 


IwldB  tovarda  Ertfleld;  and  W.  br 
Northaw  Great  Wood  to  Northaw  and 
Fottei'B  Bar,  where  is  a  station  oa  the 
Gt.  N.  Ely. 

Chester  (Cheshire).  179  m.  from 
Enstoa-sqnftM,  rid  Orewe ;  and  inoluded 
io  L.  BTid  N.  W."  North  Wales  New 
Ciicolar  Toot.  The  station  serves  »a 
a  oentTal  point  for  the  Shrewsbury, 
Holyhead,  Ciewa,  McJd,  Birkenhead, 
and Hancheeter lines,  inns:  "Queen, 
at  the  station;  "Grosrenor,  centre 
of  tbe  city.  An  ancient  and  very 
interesting  city  on  the  Dee,  built 
in  form  of  a  quadrant.  A  pleasant 
walk  oT  2  ID.  is  affctded  by  the  vmUi, 
one  ot  its  meet  peculiar  features,  from 
which  there  are  fine  views  of  the 
Ctwydian  Hills,  the  plains  of  Oheshire, 
the  Dee,  the  hills  of  Beeston,  &c. 
The  Phcaiix  Tovkt,  between  which 
and  the  E.  and  N.  gatea  are  remains 
ct  Boman  masonry;  the  Wat^  ToiBer 
at  N.W.  angle ;  Boaietddetlhora^i 
Toieer,  Xorgan't  Ttoaid,  near  N.  gale, 
and  Pflnjurjon'f  Parlour,  deserve  to  be 
specially  noted.  AnoUier  pecidiar 
Eeatnre  of  the  city  is  the  Bmri,  a  sort 
of  arcade  formaa  by  cutting  away  the 
{ronts  of  t^e  tot-floor  rooms  of  tbe 
bonses ;  the  most  reaorted  to  are  those 
of  Eaateate  and  Bridge-atreet ;  dbt. 
also,  for  their  ancieat  carving  and 
plaster-work  (of  16th  and  17th  oent), 
"God's  Providence  House,"  Bp.  Lloyd's 
Hooae,  and  Stanley  Palace,  ell  in 
Wfttei^te-atreet ;  and  an  ancieni  inn, 
the  Falcon,  in  Bridge-etreet ;  where 
also  WHS  discovered  in  1830.  on  pre- 
mises of  Messrs.  Powell  and  Kdwaida, 
a  crypt  with  B,-E.  doorway;  in  same 
street  may  be  seen,  in  a  cellar  be- 
lot^ng  to  a  news-agent's  shop,  an 
hypocaust  and  renmina  of  a  Roman 
sweating  bath:  in  Eastgate-street, 
another  crypt,  with  gi>od  B.-E.  groined 
roof,  was  deared  in  1S58. 

The  Ca^iedral  (re-opened  on  com- 
pletion of  restoration  of  interior.  Aug, 
l$7_e)  called  after  8t.  Werbnrgh,  and 
dating  &om  12th  oent.  is  a  vener- 
able pile  of  new  red  sandstone;  it 
is  chiefly  of  rich  Perp..  and  consists 
of  nave,  with  side  aides,  transepts, 
choir.  Lady  Chapel,  and  central  tower; 
the  S.  tn^sept  is  striking  for  its  ex- 


■>TEB.  107 

oeedine  length;  the  interior  of  the 
nave  was  mured  by  having  a  wooden 
roof  instead  of  a  vaulted  stone  oue^ 
but  a  handsome  ceiling  in  Kiidned 
oak  has  been  added;  see  in  N.  ^le 
monument  to  Capt  J.  M.  Napier; 
the  choir.  7S  ft.  high,  and  125  ft  long, 
has  rich  labemncle  work,  with  choice 
misererea,  from  the  organ  loft  to  the 
Biiho^i  Throne,  originally  pedestal  for 
the  shrine  of  Bt.  Werburgh ;  on  one 
of  the  finely-carved  stall-ends  is  de- 
lineated the  Boot  of  Jesse.  The  old 
bishop's  throne  was  adwned  with 
small  images,  supposed  to  represent 
the  Mints  and  kings  of  Mercia ;  ttke 
Lady  Chapel,  restored  IS71,  has  some 
good  memorial  and  E.-E.  windows ; 
in  N.  transept  is  monument  of  Bp. 
Pearson ;  the  S.  transept  is  used  aa 
parish  church  of  St.  Oswald ;  in  S. 
aisle  of  ehoir  is  an  altar-tomb,  aeoibed 
to  Henry  IV.,  Emperor  of  Qennany; 
also  three  coffin-lids,  with  whed 
crosses,  marking  borial-places  of  three 
abbots  ;  on  outer  N.  wall  of  the  nave 
are  some  tombs,  where  the  early  Nor- 
man abbots  were  interred ;  in  N.  tran< 
sept  is  curious  needlework  picture, 
representing  Elymas  the  Soicerer ;  the 
most  interesting  part  of  the  whole  edi- 
fice is  the  CnapleT-room,  which  has 
hoautiful  E.-E.  windows  and  pillan; 
the  Ijibrary  is  placed  in  it ;  the  iMs- 
lers  are  of  good  Perp.  work  and  in 
&ir  preservation.  The  B.  side  has 
recently  been  rebuilt  from  a  design  by 
Sir  Gilbert  Scott;  opening  from  the 
W.  is  vaulted  Norman  chamber,  sup- 

Sorted  by  massive  pillars ;  it  is  thought 
y  some  to  have  been  a  Promptoarium 
or  buttery,   by  others,  an  entertun- 


llth  cent,  and  lately  restored),  out- 
side the  city  walls,  may  be  reached  by 
New  Gate,  or  St  Jalin's-street,  and  u 
of  great  interest  for  the  antiiinary,  as  a 
splendid  example  of  Noiman  architec- 
ture ;  note  specially  Early  Norman  piL. 
lars  and  arches,  with  E.-E.  trifonum 
and  clerestory,  separating  nave  from 
aislea ;  also  m  Chapel  to  S.  of  com- 
mttnion  table,  a  curious  medallion  and 
skeleton  monmnent;  from  tbe  lel/rij. 


CHESTERFIELD— aSESTEB-LB-BTBEET. 


150  ft,  and  detached  from  tbe  ch., 
there  is  flue  view  over  city  and  river; 
onUide  E.  end  are  pictnresqtie  ruins 
of  tlie  original  chancel  oi  I,ady  Chapel, 
vith  exquisite  NonuaD  and  later  work. 
The  CaeOe  is  in  the  Grecian  style, 
diieflj  used  as  banacks;  the  only 
port  of  the  ancient  buildini;  now  teH 
u  a  square  tower,  called  Cieaar's  or 
JoUuB  Agrieola'a  Tower.  Beyond  the 
Oastle  tile  Dee  JB  crossed  by  Uie  Grot- 
veNor  Bridge,  noted  for  wide  span  of 
its  arch  (200  ft.)  ;  from  it  mav  be  had 
a  flne  view  of  the  Soodee  or  Roodeje, 
the  race-gtound  on  whicb  the  Chester 
Cup  is  ran  for ;  tbe  visitor  should  also 
notioe  tbe  handsome  new  Toum  Halt 
in  Noithgate-strcetj  and  tbe  Mtisia 
Ball,  built  on  site  of  tbe  ancient  chapel 
of  Bt.  Niobotas. 

£Ecur«'ona.— To  Baiim  SaU  (Duke 
of  Westminster),  one  of  tbe  most  mug- 
niflcent  seats  in  Britain;  fast  ap- 
proaching completion,  having  been 
almost  entirely  rebuilt ;  and,  nnder 
certain  restrictions,  open  to  the  public ; 
tickets  may  be  procm-ed  at  hotels  and 
bookseller/ shops  in  Chester.  TheHall 
may  be  reached  either  by  a  drive  of 
3  m.  throngh  the  Park,  through  tlje 
Gtoavenor  Lodge,  near  the  Grosvenot 
Bridge ;  or  by  water,  6  m.  from  St. 
John's  Ch. ;  iu  the  house  are  statues 
by  Gibson,  and  paintings  by  Rubens, 
liely,  and  others ;  and  in  the  beautiful 
gardens  a  Eoman  altar  found  at  Cbos- 
ter.unda  Greek  sacrificial  altar,bronght 
ttoia  Delphi.  Matcarden,  T  m.,  and 
Saloe  Caille,  9  m.,  bolh  via  Broughtoi 
Stat,  (see  Haiearden). 

ViitancEi. — Manchester,  40  m.  by 
iwl;  Crewe,  21  m.;  Liverpool,  17  m.; 
Holyhead,  84  m.;  Wrexham,  12 m.; 
Flint,  12  m.;  Holywell,  17  m. ;  St. 
Asaph,  36m.;  Denbigb,29m,;  Lian- 

SUen,  23in.;    Shrewsbury,   42   m.; 
old,  12  m. ;  Bangor,  59}  m. 
Chesterfleld  (Derby.>-glat 
Hidl.  Ely.  Innt:  Station  H. ;  Angel  H. 


colliery  district  Tbe  Ch. 
orucifonu  buOding,  with  nave,  aisles, 
choir,  and  transept  and  square  tower 
at  the  intersection,  surmounted  by  a 
crtKiHed  tpire  ■&(}  ft,  high,  which  ' 


of  the  perpendiculaT  6  ft.  to  the  B. 
4  ft  4  in.  towards  tbe  W.  See 
the  oak  tCTien,  with  figures  bearing 
emblems  of  the  Passion ;  the  fine 
stained  glass  B,  window ;  the  timber 
roof  with  heraldic  stiields;  and  the 
font.  In  Trinity  Ch.  (modem  Gothic) 
is  buried  George  Stephemon,  the  engi- 
neer, who  d.  1848  at  Ms  favourite  re- 
sidence, Taplon  House,  1  m.  N.E.  of 
Chesterfield.  His  best  monomenfis 
his  life  by  SmUei. 

Excartiont. — {a)  6  m.  E,  to  Bolsorer 
CasUe  (see) :  (6)  to  Hardwiofc  Hall 
(see  JMons^fieW).  It  is  a  picturesque 
walk  of  S  m.  to  Baslow,  passiog, 
4  m.,  thioDgh  village  of  Brampton; 
thence,  4  at.,  by  way  of  Edeosoi  and 
Cluxtsicorth,  to  Bakeaell. 

Cheji*er-le-S4reet   (Dor- 

bamS.  Btat.,  nearly  midway  between 
Doriiam  and  Newcastle  -on  -  Tyne. 
Jnn :  Lumley  Arms.  A  large  village, 
supposed  to  have  been  tbe  Condercum 
of  the  Bomans.  The  Ch.  of  SS.  Mary 
and  Calhbert  (1286)  has  three  objects 
of  interest ;  (1)  the  tower,  156  ft  liigli 
(including  spire),  of  which  lower  part 
is  E.E,.  and  the  octagonal  hinthom 
and  toll  spire  late  Dec.  of  1400;  (2) 
the  rude  etfigy  of  St.  Outhbert,  at  W. 
end  of  S.  aisle,  said  once  to  have  aur- 
monoted  his  tomb;  (3)  the  N.  aisle, 
called  the  "  Ji»fc  of  Tambi,"  from  the 
chain  of  fourteen  monumental  effigies 
of  tbe  Lumleys  (temp.  Eliz,). 

About  i  m.  B..  on  eminence  on 
banks  of  the  Wear,  is  Lamley  CiulU 
(Earl  of  ScarborongU) ;  temp.  Edw.  L. 
bnt  much  modernised  ;  the  chief  object 
of  iutereet  in  the  interior  is  the  Great 
Hall  GO  ft.  by  30,  with  minstrel  gal- 
lery at  W.  end ;  there  are  family  por- 
traits  in  black  frames,  and  at  eai  of 
the  hall  life-size  statue  of  Liulph,  the 
Saxon  ancestor  of  tbe  boose,  on  a  red 
horse,  with  Latin  couplets  below ;  four 
nicbee  contain  marble  busts  of  Edw. 
VI.,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  James  L ; 
the  Great  Ball  Boom  is  a  huge  and 
gorgeous,  though  decaying  specimen 
of  stucco  decoration. 

N.  of  Lnmley  Costle,  and  2  m.  N.E. 
of  Chester-le-Slreet,  by  a  pleasant  walk 
over  the  Wear,  crof&ed  by  a  fine  old 
stone  bridge,  is  Lambton  Caille  (Eaf  I 


CSICEESTER. 


109 


of  Durham);  the  building  (seldom 
Bbo^m)  is  a  mixture  of  Gothic  and 
Tudor  archiVecture,  fiwrn  dedgnB  of 
Boaoati,  and  was  restored  1865;  it 
contains  pictures  by  BeyneicU  and 
Lawrence.  Fiadtah  Jbbey,  about  5  ni. 
6.,  and  HoaghtonJe-Bpring,  about 
5)  m.  E.,  may  also  be  visited  &om 
Cnester-le- Street  b;  road  or  rail  (see 
Durham,  Sunderland). 

Chestebtijn,  see  Cambridge. 

Ckbtwode,  see  Sw^ngham. 

Cbetelkt,  see  Nevmtarliet 

CHGVENiNa,  see  Bevenoalff. 

CHEnNQTONgHee  Ban/  St.  Edmun^g. 

Chew  Gebbn,  see  Rottibury. 

CHiBBrRH,  see  Morpeth. 

Chichester  (Sasaex)— SUt, 
L.  B,  *  S.  0.  Bly.— 1  b».  from 
Brigbton,  and  i  hi.  from  Porlamoath. 
Inn:  *[>olpbin,  opposite  N.  side  of 
cathedral.  A  quiet  town,  and,  with 
tbe  exception  of  the  catbedi^  and 
the  cros^  distingaishGd  hj  no  marked 
aichitectural  features.  It  is  the  an- 
cient Begnum,  and  its  Boman  origin 
is  betrayed  in  its  4  nearly  straight 
streets,  answering  to  the  points  of 
the  conqmss,  and  meeting  at  the 
haudsome  market-cross,  E.  of  the 
cathedral. 

The  Calliedral  is  yery  interesting, 
and  has  ondergone  connderable  re- 
pairs and  restorations  since  1S43.  The 
original  spire  feU  during  r^>airs  to 
which  the  ch.  was  subjected,  Feb.  21, 
'    '  '        '   and    spire, 


'  is  through  the  W.  Porch,  yety  beauti- 
ful E.  B.  The  nave  has  five  aisles, 
a  peonliari^  shared  by  no  other 
English  cathedral,  and  the  view  firom 
the  extreme  N.E.  comer  of  the  N. 
oi^e.  looking  across  the  cathedral, 
riioBld  be  eepecially  remarked.  Except 

I  the  outer  aisles  and  root  it  is  good 
Norm.  In  the  usles  SgraoeM  monu- 
mental tablete  by  Fbanaaa,  including 
tlutt  of   Collins,    the    poet,   deserve 

In  the  N.  aisle  is  the  flne  attar-tomb 
of   RvAard    Fitcalan,   13th   Earl   of 
Arundel  (1372),  and  his  countess,  re- 
stored in  1843.    Near  it  is  the  tomb  of 
i         an  unknown  lady,  happily  nnrestored. 


and  of  extreme  beauty.  It  is  of  the 
best  Dec.  period. 

The  Cbotr,  long  and  narrow  (105  ft. 
by  59  ft.),  is  the  original  Norm.  work. 
It  has  been  fitted  with  new  stalls,  a 
new  episcopal  tfirone,  and  a  new 
reredos,  from  the  designs  of  Ur. 
Salvin.  The  pnli^t  (1678),  style  of 
13th  cent.,  is  ta  memory  of  Dean  Hook. 

The  window  of  the  S.  traniept  ii  of 
gruit  beauty.  It  is  filled  (1ST7)  with 
stained  glass  &Tim  Mnnicb.  The  paint- 
ings by  Bemardi  (1519)  in  this  tran- 
sept are  remarkable.  His  portraits  of 
the  line  of  bishops  are  now  in  N.  tran- 

'"  ancient  Comidory  Oourt,  over 
porch,  is  entered  by  a  spiral 
staircase  close  without  the  transept. 
late  Perp.,  and  contains  the 
original  president's  cbair,  which  de- 
servej  attention ;  a  eliding  door  opens 
from  it  into  the  "  LoJlards'  dungeon." 

Observe  in  the  B.  aisle,  E.  end 
S.  wall,  2  sculptured  slabs  of  vary 
unusual  character,  probably  early 
Norm.,  removed  from  Selsey. 

The  Preibytciy,  E.  of  the  high  altar, 
is  Trans,  and  peculiar.  The  central 
columns,  with  detached  shafts,  are 
perhaps  unique.  The  bosses  of  the 
vaultiog  ribs  should  be  noticed,  es- 
pecially an  extrooidinaty  compositioa 
of  6  human  fiMses  near  the  8.  aisle. 

The  cathedral  terminates  to  the  E. 
in  the  Lady  Chapel,  restored  and 
thrown  open  to  the  ch.,  the  ChapUr 
Library/  having   been  removed  else- 

The  CUniteri,  entered  from  tbe  8. 
aisle  of  the  nave,  are  Ferp.,  and  tbeii 
wooden  roof  deserves  notice.  Observe 
also  the  E.-E.  porch  through  whioh 
the  cathedral  is  entered  from  them. 
They  should  bo  walked  round  for  the 
sake  of  the  exterior  views  of  the 
cathedral  to  be  obtained  from  them. 

The  Bithop'i  Falace  opens  from  the 
W.  end  of  the  cloisters.  At  the  S.  E. 
angle  of  the  cloisters  is  the  CKapd  of 
8t.  Faith,  founded  early  in  the  14th 
cent.  It  is  now  a  dwelling-honso, 
distinguished  only  by  two  heavy  but- 

The  BeH  Tower,  or  Campanile,  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  cathedral,  ia 


110 


CHIOBESTER. 


Perp.  of  tlie  13th  cent.  It  is  the  onlj 
Kogliah  example  of  a  detached  belb? 
adjoining  a  cathedral,  although  Uiere 
are  many  instances  of  it  in  perish 
churches. 

The  Market  Cron,  at  the  meetiiig  of 
the  i  streets,  wa^  completed  aboat 
1500,  and  m  the  nork  of  Sp.  Storj. 

St.  Mary's  Hospital  is  an  interesting 
building  iying  a  short  distance  E.  of 
North-street.  It  ie  said  (o  have  been 
founded  as  a  convent  abont  the  middle 
of  the  12th  cent,  hnt  its  revcnuoa  nere 
appropriated,  temp.  Hen.  III.,  to  the 
maintenance  of  a  waiden  and  13  de- 
cayed perBODB.  It  now  SDpports 
An  arched  doOT  and  passage  lead  u 
the  hospital  from  the  street,  a  long  hall 
ia  then  entered,  in  the  side  ai^es  of 
which  are  tJie  amall  dwellings  of  the 
inmates.    At  the  E.  end  is  the  chapel. 


On  the  E.  aide  of  North-street  is  the 
Ch.   of   St.   Olave,    containing 
traces  of  very  early  work. 

The  GmWuAl,  situated  in  the  Friory 
Park,  near  the  end  of  North-stieet,  w 
the  chapel  of  the  Orev  Fiiaia.    It 
K  E.  and  deserves  a  visit. 

In  St.  Andrea's  Ch.  (East-street)  a 
some  interesting  monuments. 

The  Catum  GaU,  opening  from  tl 
close  into  South-street  was  erected  hv 
Bp.  Sherborne  (1505-36).  The  Mu- 
«eum  of  Hie  Philosophical  Society,  in 
South -street,  contains  a  very  tolerable 
Eollection  of  local  natural  history  and 

Adjoining  South-street  is  the  hall  of 
the  Vicars  Colleqc,  now  used 
BchDoI-rooin.  Of'  the  ancient  City 
WalU  (here  are  considerable  remains ; 
Wid  very  pleasant  public  walks  have 
been  formed  upon  them  on  the  N.  and 
K  sides. 

iDteteeting  excartions  may  be  made 
t«  (a)  the  point  of  Seltey  Biil,  about 
0  m.  The  peninsula,  althoujth  of  much 
historical  interest,  is  a  dead  level,  with 
a  rich  soil,  and  the  low  coast  is  still 
encroached  on  by  the  sea,  which  is 
said  to  have  swept  avra,y  half  the 
peniasala  since  the  Baxon  period.  It 
IS  the  resort  of  inaamerable  wild-fowl. 
In  Pagluim  Harbour,  3  m.  fhim 
Bognor,  is  the  Ewhing  WtU,  a  space 


of  about  180  ft.  by  30  it,  over  which 
the  waten  is  in  an  apparent  state  of 
ebullition,  from  the  ait  mshing  throngh 
a  bed  of  shingle,  left  dr;  at  low  tide. 
AtSraclsleslunaBaii,3io.W.  of  Selsey 
Bill,  masses  of  ciajr  occur  on  the 
sands,  containing  fossil  shells  of  great 
rarity. 

(b)  An  excursion  ma;  be  made  to 
Goodwood  (3  m,),  and  the  race-courBe 
above  it,  or  a  longer  round  may  be 
made  by  Boxgrove,  proceeding  by 
Halnaker  to  Goodwood,  thence  to 
St.  Koche's  Hill  and  the  race-course, 
and  back  by  tlie  Hidhurst  roeul. 

Boscgrove  Ch.  (2  m.)  is  one  of  the 
most  important  specimens  of  E.  E.  in 
thekin^om.  The  Priory  was  founded 
temp.  Hen.  I.  The  ChnrA  was  di- 
vided, according  to  the  practice  of  the 
Benedictines;  the  nave,  or  portion 
W.  of  the  tower,  now  in  ruins,  served 
as  the  parish  ch.  The  existing  ch. 
(restored  in  1865  by  ScoU)  oonriSs  of 
chancel,  aisles,  transepts,  and  central 
tower.  The  composition  of  the  choir 
is  of  great  beau^.  Observe  in  the 
churchyard  the  ruins  of  the  nave.  On 
the  N.  side  were  the  cloisters  and  the 
chapter-house ;  the  entrance  to  the 
last  dilapidated,  but  still  showing  some 
fine  and  curious  low  Norm,  arches. 
Through  the  farm-gate  beyond,  N., 
are  the  remains  of  the  Frior'a  Lodging, 
Many  fragments  of  the  priory  are 
traceable  in  the  farm  walls  and  build- 
ings. The  ruins  of  Balnaker  (i  m. 
N.)  need  not  lung  delay  the  tourist. 

The  Park  of  Gooduiood  (Duke  of 
Richmond  and  Gordon)  maybe  Tinted 
at  all  times.  The  house  is  not  shown 
on  Sundays  or  in  the  race-week.  The 
collection  of  pictures  is  eitenaive,  but 
not  of  great  importance.  It  is  richeU 
in  portraits.  The  views  troia  the 
higher  giotmdB  are  very  grand,  and 
the  Lebanon  cedars  ore  very  fine. 
The  Stables  should  be  visited  by  all 
interested  in  such  matters.  The 
PheasatitTy,  formed  from  an  old  chalb 
pit,  planted  with  evergreens,  should 
not  be  missed.  Above  it  ia  Caim^ 
Seat.  The  view  from  the  building  is 
very  strikitu.  The  Bace-eonrse  ia 
about  1  m.  nam  the  house.  A  bold 
ravine  divides  its  esbemities. 


CEILDWALL—CSIFPENHAM. 


__„ It  i.  _... 

pictiireBqaelvwoc?ded  tiirongbont;  but 
its  prmoipal  feature  \a  a  cittster  of 
yev-trccB  of  vely  great  age  and  Bize, 
Btasttead  Park,  fnrther  W.,  is  fomona 
forils  B<w»llad"foreflt''ofl666acrei. 
It  lies  W.  of  the  honae,  and  ia  diriiled 
bj  3  great  avenues,  of  which  the 
cential  one  is  2  m.  long.  The  tourist 
may  either  proceed  through  Stanstead 
Forest  by  indiflarect  roads  to  Compton, 
and  so  to  Up  Park,  or  return  through 
Kingiv  Bottom  and  proceed  to  Up 
Part  by  N.  Marden,  tfp  Park  (about 
3  u.  N.  of  Stanstead)  is  huge,  well- 
wooded,  and  commandB  very  fine  Lmd 
and  sea  Tiews.  The  park  may  be 
Tisited,  but  the  house  ia  not  gentiaUy 
shown  to  strangets. 

(d)  The  moat  interesting 
is  that  to  the  Roman  remains 
Bignor,  acroas  the  ohalk  range — about 
12  m.  The  route  should  be  by  Up- 
Waltbam,  acroea  Sutton  Hill,  and  ao 
down  upon  Bignor,  retmuing  to  Chi- 
chester over  Bignor  Hill  and  by  the 
line  of  the  Slane  atreet. 

From  the  top  of  Sutton  Hill,  a  steep 
road  deaeendu  to  the  Wkite  Horm  at 
Sutioa,  where  the  tourist  bad  better 
.  leave  his  carriage  and  proceed  on  foot 
to  Bign/yr,  I  m. 

The  remains  of  the  great  Roman 
villa  at  Bignor.  with  its  huge  and  very 
etrikiug  pavements,  rank  among  the 
most  important  remains  of  this  class  in 
Britain.  To  see  the  pavements,  which 
are  now  preserved  under  lock  and  key, 
application  must  be  made  at  the  ad- 
joining &nn.  The  villa  was  of  no- 
Uisuol  dimensions;  the  buildings  have 
been  traced  to  an  extent  of  about  600 
ft  in  leuKth  by  nearly  350  ft.  in 
breadth.  There  are  3  principal  pave- 
ments. -From  Bignor  it  ia  3  m.  to 
AmberUy  (see)  Stat. 

CmcKSANDS  Priort,  see  Shefford. 

GBntDiSQhfX,  see  liewet. 

Chiqweli,,  see  LotightoB, 


bury)    is  a  castellated   mansion   by 

Nath. 

CmLHAK,  see  Canterbury. 

CSILI.IN0HA1I,  see  Ahaeick  and 
IToofar. 

Chilton  Pbiort,  see  BridgvxUer. 

«7talnirford  (EssexX  Slat., 
O.  E.  Rty,  and  9  m.  by  road  from 
Shoreditcn  Ohurch.  A  very  &ivoarite 
resort  in  sunoner  time.  The  Old 
Chareh  was  restored  from  a  semi- 
minoua  state  in  1873,  without  Injaiy 
to  ita  pictnreBqueneaa.  Queen  Eltta- 
beth'e,  or  Fairmead  Lodge,  formerly 
either  the  manor-house  or  a  hunting- 
lodge,  will  repay  a  visit.  To  teach  it 
go  past  the  new  cbotch,  N.E.,  across 
the  Green.  It  stands  betweon  2  mag- 
nificent elma.  The  interior  can  lie 
aeen  on  application.  The  open  apaee 
in  front  is  a  favourite  apot  for  pic-nio 
parties.  The  Obdiik,  seen  on  1.  in 
going  to  Queen  Blizabeth's  Irf>dge, 
waa  erected  b^  the  Ordnance  Survey, 
and  ia  maintamed  hy  desire  of  the  As- 
tronomer BoyaJ  (aee  alao  Loughbm). 

CHrNNOCK,  aee  Creickeme, 

Chippenham  (Wilts.).  Junc- 
tion Stat,  Q.  W.  Sly. ;  a  Una  passes 
off  1.  to  Dorchester  and  Weymouth ; 
there  is  also  a  branch  line  to  Calne, 
.  Inn* ;  Angel ;  George.  This  is 
agricultural  and  manufacturing 
town,  sitnated  on  the  Avon.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  obeese  and  com  markets ; 
also  for  its  manufacture  of  cloth.    Its 


The   CAurcAbas  s 

ings    on  canvaa  and    some    brassea. 

ChOdwaa   Sail   (Muqnis   of    Salis- 


i   tannery,   and    the    con- 


inly  objects  of  interest  a 
ancient  bridge,  and  an  old  market- 
cross,  the  latter  removed  liom  I^i- 
cock  Abbey.  The  bridge  was  pro- 
bably built  by  the  monks  of  Monklon 
Farleigh,  the  latter  part  of  I2th  cent. 
The  Church  (SL  Andrew)  ia  a  large 
edifice,  of  mixed  architecture.  There 
is  a  pleasing  view  &om  the  E.  end  of 
the  churchyard. 

Hand   Heath's    Cauieaay,   leading 

&om  Chippenham  N.E.  for  4}  m.,  by 

the  vQls^  of  TytherUm  KdlaiBaye  to 

tJie  top  of  Bremhillwick  Hill,  traverses 

low  tract  of  heavy  land,  and  crosses 


112 


CSIFPM-HAM. 


the  N.  Wilts  Avon.  It  U  a  stone- 
pitched  path,  made  and  still  main- 
iained  by  the  benetkctioii  of  a  berie- 
volent  dame,  e.  1474.  On  the  ridge  of 
tlie  bill  there  ia  a,  monimienliLl  column, 
crowned  with  a  statue  of  Maad  Heath 
lierself.  This  position,  and  the  ad- 
joining drive  on  Wick  Hill,  command 
one  of  tba  finest  and  most  extensive 
views  in  Wiltdure.  The  objeota  of 
chief  interest  in  (he  nelghbonrbood 
are  —  Bmeood,  JIfalmefbun/  Aibey 
Charch  (see  MidrntAary),  CkOTUon 
Park  (see  Malmtd/ary),  the  maoor- 
house  otDraycot,  CaitU  ComJe,  Griitle- 
ton,  Coribam  Court  (see  Coriham),  La- 
toek  Abbey,  Spy*  Park  BaUkouie, 
and  Sraietutoke  Priora,  Botaood, 
the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne, 
is  Si  m.  8.E.  From  Calne  It  is  dis- 
tant 2  m.  B.W.  The  maneion  is  in 
tha  Italian  style.  It  is  not  shown 
except  by  a  personal  order  from  Lord 
Lansdowne.  The  gardens  are,  how- 
ever, accessibie  during  the  absence  of 
the  fiuaily,  and  the  park  ia  freely  open. 
Bowood  owes  many  of  its  most  interest- 
ing associatinns,  as  well  as  much 
beauty,  to  ita  late  distinguished  c 
Henry,  3rd  Marquia  of  Lansdowne, 
KG.,  who  not  only  enlarged  and  em- 
belli^ed  the  ornamental  gronndB,  and 
filled  the  house  with  a  noble  collection 
of  pictures,  booka,  and  varions  works 
of  art  and  taste,  but  made  it  the  hos- 
pitable resort  of  those  who 
tinguished  in  srienoe,  litetatwe,  and 
art.  The  principal  entrance  to  the 
park  is  &om  Chippenham,  by 
arched  gateway,  flanked  by  a  tower. 
Opposite  the  gilt  gates  ia  the  pretty 
little  village  of  Deny  BUI,  trUl  of 
modem  half-timbered  hoosea,  a  nice, 
small  Hotel,  and  a  Ck,,  with  lofty 
spire,  built  in  184S.  The  drive  to  the 
house  is  neefly  2  m.,  through  luxuriant 
woods.  The  principal  front  faces  the 
6.,  the  view  from  which  is  exoeedingly 
bt^udful.  The  piotures,  which  in- 
clude specimens  of  the  beat  masters 
of  the  Italian,  Flemish,  Spanish, 
French,  and  English  schools,  are  dis- 
tribnted  among  the  various  apart- 

Drayeot  Cerne  (Earl  Cowley),  i  m. 
N.,  isan  ancient  m*t  of  the  Cemei 


and  Longs,  The  house  contains  many 
objects  of  interest,  paintings,  Biviea 
china,  &o.  The  park  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  N.  Wilts,  and  commands  an 
extensive  prospect. 

Cattle  Combe.  6  m.  N.W,  originally 
Jonged  to  the  Dnnstanvillee.  In 
1867  it  was  purchased  by  E.  C. 
Lowndes,  Esq.  The  situation  ia 
romantic,  and  the  house  lies  deeply 
embosomed  among  steep  and  wooded 
slopes.  A  small  rapid  stream  rmiB 
through  the  village.  Above  this  stream 
rises  the  wooded  hiU  on  which  the 
original  castle  was  built  by  the  Dan- 
stanvilles,  now  reduced  to  mere 
monnds  of  rubbish.  In  the  village 
stands  an  ancient  market-cross.  There 
ous  old  houses,  of  which  the 
manor-furate  and  the  d(rmy-hmtie  are 
very  interesting  specimens.  The  earth- 
works of  the  castle  contain  9  acres, 
with  strong  ditches  and  banks.  The 
Ch.  was  rebuilt  1851.  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  fine  pinnacled  tower,  mth 
tim.traoeried  roof,  erected  in  Uio  fltst 
half  of  the  16th  cent, 

Near  NeliUton,  1  m.  W,  of  Castle 
Combe,  is  the  very  interesting  tomn- 
lus,  known  aa  Lugbury,  180  ft.  by  90 
n.,  containing  stone  cists  with  skeletons, 
and  a  cromlech  with  a  table-stone, 
12  fL  by6  ft,,  leaning  against  2  np- 
rights.  About  I  m.  W.  of  CosUe 
Combe,  the  remains  of  a  Boman  villa, 
with  baths  and  hypocaust,  and  a 
cemetery  were  discovered  and  laid 
bare  in  1859  by  the  esertioDS  of  Mc. 
Poolett  Scrope.  2^  m.  W.  of  Castla 
Combe  ia  BriM^tm  House  (Sir  John 
Neeld,  Bari.).  The  mansion  contains 
a  fine  collection  of  works  of  art,  in- 
cluding a  gallery  of  Boulptuie,  a  large 
collection  of  paintings  of  several 
schools,  some  bcautiml  bronzes,  &c. 
Fermiasion  to  see  them  ia  given  on 
ap^lioaiJon  at  the  hoose,  2  m.  E.  of 
Qnttleton  ia  the  small  but  highly-de- 
corated church  pf  Leigh  Ddamere. 

Laeock  Jibey,  S  m.  S.  of  Chippen- 
ham, theproperiy  and  residence  ta  W. 
H.  Fox  Talbot,  Esq.,  the  well-known 
inventor  of  the  "  Talbotvpe,"  is  aitn- 
ated  on  the  Avon,  below  the  height  of 
Bowden  Park.  An  interesting  aocomit 
of  the  abbey  ia  published  in  the  •  Wilt- 


CHIPPENHAM— CHIPPING  ONGAS. 


113 


Bhire  Archteological  Msgaziue'  tot 
March,  1870  [BeU  &  Daldy,  London). 
Though  coDveited  into  a  &mily  num- 
Bion,  it  retains  urnny  of  its  monastia 
featurea.  Arches  bung  with  ivy,  and 
tall  spinJ  chimneyB,  are  seen  fron  the 
mrrounding  meadoita.  It  woa  fonnded 
M  an  Augustine  nunneir  in  1232, 
hf  'E\a,  Countess  of  BaliabDrj.  The 
modern  house,  which  is  chieBy  Eli2a- 
betlum,  contains  conaidemble  recoains  of 
the  conventual  buildings.  The  Ctouter 
ia  a  beautifol  work  of  the  15th  cent 
with  a  ricblj  vaulted  toof,  with  gro- 


tewiebi 
Thed 


angle. 


LO  doieteis  iurround  3  sides  of  the 
quadraugnlar  area.  On  the  8.  ilood 
Uie  Church,  of  which  the  N.  waU  still 
exists ;  to  Che  £.  are  the  Teitry  and 
ChapUr  Home,  with  a  centtal  pillar 
and  kilclien  of  the  13th  cent;  the 
W.  side  ia  occupied  bj  a  large  room 
above,  and  a  vaulted  Bubstiuoture  be- 
low.   The  refectory  stood  to  tlie  N. 

octsfon  tuwei  «tande  at  the  S,£. 

e.  flBm  the  cloister  a  door  opens 
)  teiToee'aalk,  the  site  of  the 
Abbe;  Church.  Beyond  lies  the  gar- 
den, a  charming  retreat,  through  which 
Uie  stream  of  tAC  Avon  neandeis,  and 
where  may  still  be  seen  tbe  pondt,  or 
etewB  for  fish,  and  the  nun«  caldron, 
a  metid  pot  oast  in  the  year  1500,  and 
of  a  size  to  oonUin  some  67  gallons. 

At  Lacock  ^.  Jeml,  in.  1571, 
preached  his  last  sermon,  when 
iDakiag  a  visitation  to  tbe  churchea  of 
his  dwceae.  Rather  less  than  r 
W.  of  X-scock,  on  the  top  of  the 
hill,  commandiiig  an  extensive  ' 
is  the  embattled  entrance  gateway 
to  8pye  Port  (J,  W.  G.  Spioer, 
Esq.),  brought  fiom  old  Bromham 
House,  but  first  erected  (according 
to  tradilioQ)  at  Coraham  in  the  time 
of  Hen.  VIIL 

If  hound  to  Sromham  (see  MeUa- 
ham)  tbe  stranger  will  find  a  delight- 
ftil  path  to  that  village  juet  below  the 

Bto-bouse.  It  runs  across  the  fields, 
hind  6pye  Park  old  house,  and  by 
tbe  hamlet  of  Chitloe,  the  dislance 
about  2  m. 

On  the  top  of  Bradenit^e  Hill,  1, 
of  the  DaunUet/  Stat.,  are  tbe  remains 
of  Brademtohe  Priory  (now  a  &nii- 


hODSe).  They  consist  chiefly  of  the 
wails  and  roof  of  a  14tb-oeat.  hall, 
c.  1320,  now  cut  op  into  seveial  rooms. 
Tbe  very  finely  carved  oak  roof,  vrith 
the  Dec.  ball-fiower  on  the  beams,  can 
onlv  be  seen  in  the  garrets.  At  one 
id  of  the  hall  are  tiie  prior's  cbam- 
bera,  with  corner  staircase,  and  gatde- 
robe  turret  Beneath  are  Tsulted 
ceUan,  temp.  Bich.  II.  Close  to  tbe 
bouse  is  a  plain  ISth-oent.  bam,  with 
modem  roof. 

Campden  Stat! 
G.  W.  Bly.  (Jnn:  Noel  Arms),  is  an 
interesting  old  town  in  tbe  Cotswolda. 
There  are  old  hmuet  of  the  15tb  cent, 
as  well  as  tbe  Uarket  House  and 
Court  House,  Hth  cent.  The  Ch. 
(Fcrp.)  is  floe,  and  has  tower  110  ft. 
high ;  also  contains  some  brasses  and 
noble  marble  monmnents.  3  m.  Camp- 
den Hmue  (E,  of  Oainsberongb),  16tU 

Cblpplnr  OnB'ar  (Essex). 

Blat  G.  E.  Klj,  Inn:  'Lion.  An 
ancient  tnarket-lown  on  tbe  Boding. 
It  stands  within  an  ancient  entrench* 
meut :  and  E.  of  it  is  tbe  moat  and 
keep  mound  of  a  castle  built  by  Bichard 
de  Lucy,  Chief-JuMice  of  England 
(1162).  The  mound  is  now  jiknted. 
and  from  the  top  there  is  a  vride  and 
pleasingview. 

1  m.  W.  is  Greendead,  whose  timber 
Ch.  of  St.  AndroB  has  attracted  mudi 
attention,  and  has  been  suppoeed  to  be 
of  Saxon  date.  Tbe  nave,  above  the 
original  structure,  is  formed  of  the 
tnmks  of  oak  or  chestnut  trees.  Its 
"wooden  walls"  are  6  ft.  6  in.  bigb. 
At  the  W.  end  is  a  modem  tower  of 
boards.  The  woodwork  of  tbe  roof  is 
said  to  be  ooeval  with  the  walls.  It 
was  no  doubt  originally  thatched.  The 
cb.  ia  now  lighted  by  windows  in  the 
roof.  The  original  E.  end  has  been 
destroyed,  ana  the  present  cbanoel, 
which  is  late  Perp.,  temp.  Hen.  VII., 
is  of  red  brick.  At  the  S.E.  angle  is 
a  pillar  piscina. 

2  m.  S.E.  of  Ongar  is  tbe  little 
Norman  Ch.  of  Stondon  Xtaiey,  tbe  X. 
side  of  which  remains  unaltered.  A 
frame  of  oak  timber  at  the  W.  and 
is   of   lingular   construction.      High 


CHIPPIffO  SODBUBY—CEISLEHUBST. 


Ongar  (/nn.-  Bed  Lion)  u  l}  m.  N.E. 


of  Cliippiiig  Ongor. 

ceaL),  2  m.  E.  of  Yate  Stat..  Midi.  Rlj. 


inn;  PortculIiB.  In  the  gardsn  of  the 
B.  G.  dmpel  U  a  fine  croaa  of  16th- 
oeni  work.  3  m.  Old  Sodhury  CL  nnd 
X^egTove  (W.  Hartle;,  Esq.).  In  the 
Istt^  aie  Bome  interesting  partnuts  bj 
old  masters.  4  m.  E.  LiWe  Sodbury, 
wliete  are  remaina  of  an  old  Bomao 
camp  oooupied  by  Edw,  IV.'s  atmy 

{'  mt  before  the  battle  of  TewkeBbory. 
Q  the  Uanor-houae  (16th  cent.X  1^- 
dale  tranalatad  the  Bible.  6  m.  ff  ia 
BadmirUoa,  the  noble  seat  of  the  Duke 
of  BeauEbrt,  in  a  park  10  m.  round, 
with  splendid  avennee  of  trees.  The 
Worcester  Lodge  is  3  m.  fiom  the 
houee,  whiob  la  of  Corinthian  oha^ 
racter.  The  house  contains  some 
good  pain^ga.  The  Ch.,  close  to  the 
house,  is  Oreoian,  and  has  an  altar 
pavement  of  Florentine  Uosaio,  and 
Htatuee  of  2nd,  3rd,  and  4th  Dukes,  by 
Byebrach;  oier  tjie  altar  is  Christ 
Disputing  with  the  Doctors,  ty  Qbeiii, 
and  part  of  a  cartoon  by  Baphael. 

CmFSTEAD,  see  Ban^ead. 

OmEBtmY,  see  Montgomery. 

tMtrU.  (Denbigh.)— 21  m.  from 


Hotel "  (irbere  tickets  to  view  Castle 
may  be  hod) — a  pretty  village  on  L 
bank  of  Ceiriog,  uie  pictnreaqne  glen 
of  which  deserves  a  visit :  obaetve  "  the 

aueduct "  and  the  "  viaduct "  by 
lich  the  Elleamere  canal  and  the 
railway  are  respectively  carried  here 
across  the  river ;  and  note  monuments 
of  the  Myddleton  &mllf  in  ch.,  and 
yew-trees  in  ch.-yd. 

Mcmrtioni.—'to  Chirlt  Park  and 
Cattle  (B.  Myddleton  Biddulph,  Esq.), 
2t  m.  The  picture-gallery  has  some 
interesting  portraits ;  the  view  from 
the  terrace  includes  13  counties — from 
summit  of  the  keep  can  be  seen  17 ; 
the  park,  which  is  fall  of  aneestral 
oaks,  elma,  and  beeches,  has  a  large 
lake,  on  both  aides  of  which  Ofia'a 
Dyke  cait  be  traced.  To  Vangallen, 
6  m.  (eee  also  LlangcMea  and  SuMion) ; 
observe  near  Cefh  Stat.  (2  m.),  the 
beautiful  "  viaduct "  which  carriea  the 


C^lsleliurst  (Kent).  Stat. 
S.  E.  Bly.,  11  m.  &om  ChariDg-aross. 
On  rt.  of  railway  station  is  Biddey 
Park.     The  village  Is  situated  i  m. 

from  station,  on  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful commons  in  Kent,  surrounded 
by  magnificent  trees,  and  about  300  ft. 
above  the  sea.  On  quitting  the  sta> 
tion  torn  to  rt,  and  aner  a  short  dis- 
tance, the  hill  to  I.  leada  to  the  oommon 
and  Camden  Park.     Soon  after  pesa- 

! J..     .1.     ..   .!_..        .,    .     I   luag  j^ 

reached 
of  the  el-Empresa  of 
the  French,  and  formerly  the  summer 
residence  of  the  antiquary  Camden. 
The  tomb  of  the  Emji.  Nap.  III.,  who 
died  in  exile  here,  is  shown  in  the 
B.  C.  Chapel,  whioh  is  open  fbr  usual 
services  on  fitrndays.  but  on  otJier 
days  visitors  are  only  admitted  be- 
tween 3  and  5  F.u.,  and  after  previoua 
aprfication  ^jwattoEev.  J.Goddatd. 
Oae  of  the  moat  interesting  objects 
is  the  Manor  Hoiage,  situated  near  the 
ch.  toworda  Orpington,  some  time  the 
residence  of  the  walsinghanis.  It  was 
built  about  1520,  and  is  well  preserved. 
The  oonttyaid  and  tlie  ancient  outbuild- 
ing  were  got  rid  of  about  10  years  ago 
for  "  improvements,"  An  old  passage 
■till  exists  whioh  ia  said  to  run  &oni 
Soadbnry  Park  under  the  Manor  Honae  j 
Estate,  to  the  old  ohatk  pita  by  Oeun- 
den  Park,  once  used,  probably,  far 


political  pu 


the  drive  lead- 
ing to  Camden  House,  the  toed  on  rt 
leads  to  the  ChurA ,-  and,  3)  m.  be- 
yond, ia  village  of  Orpingtoa. 

It  is  a  very  pleasant  walk  to  Orpins- 
ton,  and  the  UAuriA  there,  mainly  E.E., 
is  fluely  situated  and  contains  some 
carved  wood-work  and  brasses.  It  has 
also  a  fine  W.  door,  and  E.-E.  porch. 
A  very  quaint  epitaph  will  be  found 
in  the  ch.-yd.  Tbs  railway  station  is 
nearly  1  m.  from  the  village;  l\  m. 
beyond  is  Cbela^id  (Stat.).  Thm«  are 
some  good  broMes  in  C!hurcb ;  also  ia 
RaUead  Ch.,  2  m.  S.  1}  m. onrl  of 
raUaay,  after  passing  through  Ctaels- 


CSIBWICK—CHBiaTCHUBCS. 


115 


field  tnime],  rises  the  clnnip  of  the 
Knoekholt  beechet,  a  laodmaA:  for  all 
the  country  round  about  (see  £ 
oaki).  Beyond,  4}  m.  from  Chelafleld, 
w  DuntoH  Green  Stat-,  for  Groat  Btock- 
ham  Wood  (2  m.),  and  2}  m.  fuither 
on  Seventyala  Stat. 

Clll»wlck  (Middi.),  a  Tillage 
on  the  Thames,  5  m.  W.  of  Hyde  "Stak 
Comer,  immediately  beyond  Hammer- 
amith :  J  m.  W.  of  the  Ch.,  in  Burling- 
ton-lane, is  a  station  of  the  S.  W.  Rly. 
(Loc^'Iine  %\  xd.  fmmWalerloaBtat.), 
but  oannected  also  with  the  L.  C.  k 
D.,  and  the  N.  London  lineB.  Inn  : 
Old  Bed  Lion. 

The  Thames,  making  a  great  corre 
bete,  washes  three  sides  of  the  pariah. 
To  the  TiBitor  Chiswick  is  chiefly  ra- 
martable  for  the  Palladian  ■vUla  of 
Hie  Duhe  of  Devonshire,  the  GudeoB 
of  the  Hortioultural  Society,  and  Ho- 
garth's house  and  tomb.  Chinciak  Ait, 
or  Eyot,  la  the  first  on  the  Thames 
above  London. 

In  the  Chwdiyard,  observe  N.E.  of 
the  ch.  the  large  altai^tomb  oovering 
the  remains  of  Wiujax  Hooabth,  d. 
Oct  26,  ITfil. 

Hogarlh'i  fibuM  —  the  house  in 
which  for  many  yeara  the  great  planter 

Bide  of  Sogartk^ne,  not  fax  from  the 
ch.  It  is  an  old-fafdiionod  red-briok 
building,  which  in  HogwHi's  day  stood 
in  the  open  country,  but  is  ooff  blocked 
up  by  moan  houeea,  and  is  itself  in 
B  dirty,  dilapidated  state.    The  house 


wleti 

Chitwick  flouM  (Duke  of  Devon- 
shire). Two  wings  were  added  to  this 
house  in  1788  for  the  Slh  Duke  of 
Devonshire,  from  the  designs  of  James 
Wjatt.  Since  then  tliere  have  been 
no  material  additions  to  the  house,  but 
some  improvements  have  been  made 
In  the  arrangements,  and  under  the 
late  Duke  everything  was  done  that 
could  be  thought  of  to  embellish  the 
interior,  and  tba  garden  and  grounds 
were  lavishly  decorated  with  urns, 
obeUsks,  sculpture  aiid  buildings.  The 
grounds  were  greatly  extended,  and 
the  gardens  brought  under  Sir  Joseph 
Faston's  direction  to  the  highest  point 
of  floricultuiaJ  eicellence.    The  new 


approach  tiom  Tumbam  Qreen,  a 
broad  rood  lined  with  lime-trees,  and 
known  as  the  Duke's  New  Boad,  was 
also  nude  by  him. 

Charles  James  Fox  was,  iu  his  last 
illness,  removed  to  Chiswiok  Hoose, 
Aug.  29,  1806,  and  he  died  there  a 
fortnight  later,  Sept.  13,  George  Can* 
ning  was  in  like  manner  brought  here, 
in  tbe  month  preceding  his  decease. 
He  died  Aug.  S,  1827,  in  the  room  in 
which  Foi  breathed  bis  last. 

Chiswick  House  is  now  rented  by 
H.R.H.  the  Prinoe  of  Wales. 

The  Garden!  of  the  BoytU  Horiiail- 
tnral  Society  lie  between  Chiswtck 
House  and  Tumham  Green ;  they  are 
well  worth  a  visit,  and  are  hill  tj'  in- 
terest to  the  student    They  or- 


all  parts  of  the  world ; 
horticulture ;  and  for  raising  plants 
and  flonors  for  the  show  gardens  at 
S.  Kensington,  and  for  distribution 
among  the  Fellows  of  the  Society.  It 
"■""  '•"re  that  the  Duke  of  Devonsliire 

the  future  Sir  Joseph  Pastoo, 

tUen    young    and   untried,   training 
creepers  at  128.  a  week. 

Chollerford,  see  Eenham. 

Chorley  (Lane.),  Stat,  L.  &  Y. 
Rly.,  8}  m.  from  Profon,  and  22}  m. 
from  JUarwAeafT.  Inn:  Royal  Oak. 
A  busy  manuEacturing  town,  with 
large  CaUoo-printiiig  works  at  Bilk- 
aore,  worth  seeing.  The  Cli.  has 
some  fragmeatory  stained  glass,  and 
carved  oak  canopy  over  the  fitandish 
pew.  The  B.  C.  Chapel  has  some 
good  arcade  pwntings  over  the  altar. 
AiOey  EaU  (W.  of  the  town)  is  Eliza- 
bethan (R.  Townley  "  •-  -  "__ , 
GmUmmd  Old  floH 
traces  of  a  moat. 

The  neighbourhood  abounds  in  large 


Cbrifttchiircli  (Hants.)— 
Stat.,  L.  ft  S.  W.  Ely; ;  112  m.  ftran 
Loudon ;  8J  m.  from  Bingwood  Juno.. 
and  S)  m.  from  Bournemouth  (JnM; 
•King's  Arms;  "Newlyn's  Hotel) — is 
situated  at  head  of  the  estuary  open- 
ing into  Christohuich  Bay,  and  at  the 
conSneuoe  of  the  Avon   and   glonr 


116  CHBIBTCHUBCH—CIBESCESTBB. 

rivers.  Its  chief  attractioD  ia  itd  mag- 1  in  the  Stoar.  bat  boUi  rivers  are  Btrictl; 
nificeat  Priory  Ck„  founded  before  the  preserved.  OccuaioDnlly  peimiBirian  to 
CooqneBt,  nndaifording  excellent  spe-  nah  maybe  obtained  from  the  landlord 
-' — 18  of  Norm,  and  hie  Perp.  styles   <^  the  Woolpat^  Inn  at  Sopley.     ■"■  " 


of  Bicbitecture.  bbx^re  spedally  tbo 
gigantic  N.  Poreh  (E.  E.,  restored); 
the  richlj-decoratsd  circular  Norm. 
Tumi  at  E.  anitle  of  N.  transept ; 
tutd  St.  Michael  Luft,  abovo  the 
Lad<^  Chapel.  The  nave  (Norm.) 
now  serves  as  the  Parish  Ch.  The 
W.  tower  (Perp.)  contains  a  memoriitl 
(by  Wcekcs,  E.A.)  for  Shelley  the 
poet,  and  bis  wife.  A  very  rich  raod- 
lereen  (temp.  Edw.  HI.,  and  Tcitored 
ISIS)  divides  the  Dave  fojiu  choir,  the 
latter  having  a  rich  timber  roof.  There 
is  a  remai^ble  reredos,  representing 
the  stem  of  Jesse.  At  N.  end  of  the 
altar  is  the  Salitbury  Chapel,  built  by 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Geo.,  Duke  of 
Olarence.and  mother  of  Etginald  Pole. 
At  extreme  E.  end  of  the  ch.  is  the 
Lady  Chapel,  rich  Perp,  with  groined 
vault.  There  are  also  numerous 
ments,  some  of  considerable  ii 
After  iuspectins  tbe  ch.,  the  tourist 
should  viait  Uie  Norman  home  an  bank 
of  the  stteam  opposite  King's  Arms 
Hotel,  once  evidently  connected  with 
the  Castle,  slight  remains  of  whioh  ~  ~  ~ 
seen  close  beyond. 

ExeaTtioae. — (a)  Passing  down  a 
lane  to  W.  of  ch.  is  the  ferry  over  the 
Stonr,  whence  there  is  e.  pleasant  walk, 
about  2  m..  to  Hengitlbary  or  Warren 
Head,  commanding  fine  sca-viewa.  3 
m.  W.  is  the  picturesque  Saicombe 
Chine;  thence  the  nalli  may  be  con- 
tinued either  by  cliff  path  or,  if  tide 


chanaing  wait,  and  one  especially 
attractive  to  tbe  geol<^t,  between 
Chnetcbnrch  and  Lymingion  (aee),  bf 


Chebch  Stoke,  see  Newtown. 

Cliurcli  fttretton  (Salop). 
BtaL,  Bhrews.  &  Heref.  Rly.  Inn: 
•Church  Stretton  H,  The  little  town 
ies  in  a  valley  immediately  at  the  foot 
of  the  Longmynd,  an  immense  mass  of 
Cambrian  strata  which  rises  to  1600  ft 
There  are  endless  walks  up  the  cross 
valleys  and  gulleys  of  this  range,  as 
also  among  the  hills  of  Caer  Caradoc, 
Ragloth,  and  Lawley.  which  are  oppo- 


CaOierine'i  Hia,  2  m.N.  ofChristchurch, 
should  be  ascended  for  sake  of  its  fine 
view.  A  very  shcirtdistonoefOrther  N., 
on  the  main  road  to  Hingieood,  9  m.,  is 
BopUy  Ch.,  of  especial  mtereat  to  the 
archieoli^ist.  Opposite  Hengisthnry 
Head,  on  other  side  of  the  estuary  (a 
ferry  crosses  over  thim  the  Haven  Inn, 
W.  side),  is  the  little  vUlage  of  Made- 
ford  C2  small  Jnni  and  Some  lodging- 
nouses),  where  the  beach  afibrds  excel- 
lent bathing.  The  sea-fishing  is  good, 
and  there  i«  also  good  salmon  and  trout- 
fisbing  in  the  Avon,  and  {dke-fisiiing 


n.  W.  to  BaUinght^, 
by  the  Devil's  Mouth,  and  crossing 
the  hill  by  the  old  British  road  of  the 
Porheai/,  Be  earefvl  not  to  oteenA  the 
hillt  in  raUti.  It  is  a  cbatming  walk 
of  2  m.  to  Born  Bawdier;  to  AU 
Stretton,  2  m.  N. ;  or  to  Borderlet/,  at 
tbe  6.W.  end  of  the  Longmynd,  where 
the  scenery  is  most  pictutesqoe. 
CiLaEBRAN  Castle,  see  Cardigan, 
Cirencester,  pron.  "Ci»»e(er" 
(Glouc).  Stat.,  G.  W.  Rly.  Inn: 
•King's  Head  H.  A  town  of  great 
antiquity  in  ithe  Cotswold  Hills,  on 
the  river  Chum,  occupying  the  site  of 
Corinium,  Roman  remains  used  to  bo 
constantly  dug  up,  specimens  of  which 
may  be  seen  in  the  Hmenm  (volt). 
The  town  is  the  headquarters  o!  the 
trade  of  the  county,  and  is  now  known 
as  the  "metropolis  of  the  Cotteswolda." 
The  Church  (Bt.  John's),  restored  by 
ScoU  at  a  cost  of  13,0001:,  is  remark- 
ably fine  and  principally  Perp.  It  baa 
a  splendid  roof  of  fan  tracery.  The 
W.  tower  is  134  ft.  high,  and  the 
ohancel  lies  2  N.  aides  and  1  8.  aisle. 
The  latter  are  E.  Dec.  Tbe  S.  porch 
is  very  peculiar,  and  a  splendid  ex- 
ample of  the  ISth  cent.  The  lower 
part  serves  as  a  porch  to  tbe  ch., 
whilst  the  room  over  it  is  tbe  Town 
Hall.  The  wholeworkof  the  groining 
and  of  tlie  battlements  and  ^naclca 


CLACTON-ON-SEA-CLABE. 


117 


is  ¥e^  beantiful.  In  the  chapel  of 
et.  Hat;  (N.  aisle)  are  manmnentt — 
(a)  E.  Brydgee  and  wife  and  9  children, 
159S;  (b)^g7ofSirW.lLuter,166I; 
Dotica  also  the  irood  rarriag  of  Irish 
oak;  (e)6t.  Catherine  with  Btone  roof  of 
fan  tracer;,  1S08 ;  aUo  a  fVesco  of  her 
martyrdom.  In  Trinity  Ohapel  aro 
cunnuients  of  the  QLloily  of  Bathuret. 
Iq  8t  John's  Chapel  ib  a  coloared 
Qiaiblo  monument  to  Q.  Monox  and 
&niilj(Gbaa.IO.  There  are  more  than' 
20  bratiti  ia  this  cb.,  some  very  ia- 
teresting.  The  Mtueum  (opposite  the 
railway  stAtion)  contains  an  admirable 
collection  of  lioman  remains,  including 
a  tesselated  pavement,  discovered  in 
1849,  bronie,  pottery,  and  elaea  ware. 
If  time  permite,  visit  Eail  Bathurst's 
Park  (Oakley  Park),  close  to  the 
town.  It  is  open  to  all,  and  the  best 
phm  is  to  hire  a  conveyance  at  the 
mn  and  to  drive  round.  It  is  of  great 
extent  (one  avenue  is  5  m,  long)  and 
has  some  charming  scenery.  The 
principal  points  aie  the  Oakley  Woods, 
the  WoodJiouse,  or  Alfred's  HaU,  an 
artifioial  rain ;  the  glen  known  a« 
"  Haines'  Ash  Bottom,"  and  "  the  Ten 
Bides."  A  building  known  as  Ffrpe'i 
Seal,  the  poet's  lavoniite  resort,  is  on 
rt  of  principal  avenue,  I  m.  I^m  town. 
The  mansion  contains  a  fair  collection 
of  porttaits.  li  m.  on  the  Stroud  road 
la  the  Boyal  Agricidlnrai  College,  -. 
good  Giothio  building,  founded  1S45. 

The  town  is  oonvenieutly  Bitoatod 
for  the  meets  of  the  Beaufort  Hnnt, 
theCotsiTold.andValeofWhile  HoiBe 
hoiwds. 

Excwtioni.—{a)  2  m.  8.E.,  to  Sid- 
dingfxm  Ch. ;  has  fine  Norm,  details. 
2  m.  further  ia  5.  Oraey  CA.,  of  Norm., 
E.-E.,  and  Dec.  styles.  Notice  the 
grotcsqae  carvings ;  (6)  5  m.  W.,  across 
Qie  park,  Sapperion  Ch.,  overlooking 
the  charming  scenery  of  "  tbe  Qolden 
Valley." 

Clacton  -  on  -  Sen  (Eceei), 
5  m.  ftom  Weeley  Stat.,  G.  E.  Ely. 
Omniboses  meet  all  trains.  Jnn: 
Boyal  Hotel.    A  small  wBtering-place, 


daily  daring  AugasL  Time,  about  6 
hrs.  &om  London ;  )  hr.  to  IFhltim-an- 
the-Nate  ;  1  br.  to  RaraitA  ;  2  hrs.  to 
ijwincA. 

The  Ch.  of  Oreat  Clacbm,  Sja.E.ot 
St  O^th  (see  Brighllingtta),  is  worth 
a  visit.  Tbe  cbancel  Emd  tower,  re- 
stored, are  very  good  Norm. 

Dislanea  by  rail  from  Weelay  Btat. : 
ColeheiUr,  12l  m. :  WaUtm-on^he-Note, 
Urn. 

Cl&phah  (Beds.),  see  Bedford. 

Clafbam  (Yorks.V  see  SMk. 

Clare  (Suffolk).  Stat..  O.  E.  BIy. 

m:  Bell.   The  town  stands  upon  the 
N.  side  of  the  river  Stour.    The  rmlway 
actoally  within  the  outworks 
of  tbe  CailU,  and  &agmentsof  wall  are 
beyond  it.    Imperfect  as  the  re- 
is  are,  they  are  not  without  in- 
terest as  marking  the  site  of  the  great 
stron^old  of  the  Earia  of  Glare,  whose 
power  was  so  widely  extended  from 
the  Conquest  until  the  early  part  of 
the  14lh  cent   The  mounds  and  dylras 
of  the  outer  courts  are  passed  on  enter- 
town.   1.  is  the  keep  mound,  in 
climb  which,  tbe  key  must  be 
asked  for  at  one  of  the  first  bouses,  1. 
It  is  100  ft.  high,  and  is  covered  with 
bmafawood  and  coppice.    A  winding 
path  leada  to  the  bni. 

Tbe  Ch.  of  St.  Pder  and  Bt.  Paul 
deeervee  a  visit.  It  is  ibr  the  moat 
part  Perp.,  but  the  lower  part  of  the 
tower  is  E.  E.  Tbe  details  of  the 
Perp.  nave  arcfaea  should  be  noticed ; 
and  on  the  exterior,  the  lofty  pinnaoles 
of  the  rood  turrets.  There  is  some 
good  old  woodwork. 

Uany  of  tbe  bouses  in  the  town 

ntaiu  Perp.  woodwork,  and  various 
good  chimney-shafts. 

Acroaa  tbe  Stour,  S.W.  of  the  town, 
are  some  remains  of  a  Priory  of  Austin 
FriaiB,  founded  in  124S  by  Kichard  de 
Chtre,  Earl  of  Olouceatar,  The  prin- 
cipal remaiua  oonaist  of  a  large  hall, 
forming  the  pieeent  bonse,  with  an 
ancient  ataircase  attached,  a  large 
building,  now  a  liem,  and  various 
walls.    The  bouae  is  now  a  aohool. 

At  Cavendith  (Stat),  3   m.   from 
Clare,  the  CAurch  is  good.    Tbe  tower 
ia  E.  E,,  with  a  vaulted  lower  storey. 
At  Stoke  (Stat),  2  m.  tnan  Olare, 


lis 


CLA  YGSOSS—CLEVSDOK. 


the  ChurA  is  chiefly  Ferp.,  and 
ixmtaiiu  some  good  woodwork.  Here 
was  a  college  of  ieooUt  prieata  (1121), 
The  Priory  or  college  became  aljout 
1660  the  property  of  Sir  Getvaae 
Blwee.  It  is  famous  as  the  seat  of 
two  celebrated  misers.  Sir  Hervey 
Elwes  (d.  1763).  aad  Jolm  Meggot  (d. 
1789).  who  took  the  name  of  Elwes. 

At  KeddingUm  (usnaUy  called  Ket- 
ton),  aim.  N.W.  of  Clare,  the  Church 


IB  Deo.  (chancel)  aod  Perp.  (nave)  and  •Aaci  to  different 


has  a  Tery  fine  roof,  etretohing 
span  over  nave  and  aisles.    Catidnidge 
is  distant  fi\)m  Clare  rather  more  than 
an  honr's  ride  by  raiL 

CuaEBONT,  see  Eiher. 

Clabendon,  Bee  Salivary. 

d-moiwass,  see  ft'rJcenAeod.. 

Claycrossporby.).  Btal.MHL 
Bly.   Here  are  very  large  iron /tmui^ei 
and  oollierieg  of  the  Gl^  Cross  Oo. 
Exatrtion. — To  Eardaim  "  "   ' 
MamJUldy  i  m. 

Clee  mils  CBalop),  5  m.  ficom 
Lndlow  Stat.,  Bbrews.  £  Haref.  Bly. ; 
no  conveyance — are  2  conspicuoas  liillH 
called  TiUeriUme  Clee  (1780  ft.)  and 
BroumClee.  TitterstoneCleoiatheone 
best  worth  a8cending,aad  the  nearest  to 
Lodlow.  It  oommands  a  splendid  view 
towards  Herefordshire  and  the  Welsh 
hills.   The  area  of  the 


CcAiage,  for  some  time  tbe  reddeace  of 
Colendge,  thepoet. 

The  Old.  GhvTch,  St.  Andrew,  oa 
Clevedon  Point,  was  in  early  tiinea 
attached  to  the  Abbey  of  St,  Auguatine 
in  Brishil.  It  ie  crncifonu  in  plan. 
Its  principal  future  is  the  Iraos. 
chancel  arch. 

Dial  MiU,  which  rises  immediately 
above  the  town,  commands  extensive 
and  attractive  Tiews.    Pathways  con- 


Continning 


i  hill  along  t  ._ 
deecend  npon  a  valley,  \ihich, 
it  and  solitary,  contained  oiiiy 


Gianfe  Chair.  The  arobrooiogist  will 
find  camps  also  &t  Clee  Bur/ and  Abdon 
Surf,  a  portion  of  the  same  chain  bat 
further  N.  The  botanist  will  find 
here  the  minute  hare-bell,  poraley- 
fem,  viola  Inteo,  Ac. 

CLESTHonPEB,  See  Qrimtby. 

Clxsvx  Bay,  see  Tavvien. 

CtBHT  Eiufi,  see  Kiddermimfer. 

Clevb  Abbbi,  see  Taunton. 

Cleve  Combe,  see  CUmalon. 

Cleveaon  (Somerset).  Stat, 
Bristol  &  Exeter  Rly.  Branch  (4)  m.) 
from  Tatlon  Stat.  In™.-  Pier  Hotel; 
Eoyal;  BristoL  This  modem  watering- 

K;e  is  an  offshoot  of  a  village  which 
been  seated  here  from  a  remote 
time,  1  m.  from  the  sea,  nnder  a  rocky 
height  called  Dial  Hill.  There  is  a 
pier,  which  was  opened  in  1869.  At 
the  end  of  the  old  villnge  ia  JTyrtis 


quiet  and  solitary,  contained  only 
iiins  of  old  IFoZton  Cfturcb.  It  has 
been  reelored  for  what  is  now  becom- 
ing a  laree  suburb  of  Clevodon,  On 
the  lofty  nill  beyond  are  the  remains 
of 

Walton  Carih,  the  rains  of  which 
oooupy  the  sommit  of  ft  forzy  height 
between  the  sea  and  the  woods  of 
Walton  Court  From  Walton  we  cftn 
return  towards  Olevedon  and  visit 

Clevedoa  Court  (Sir  Arthur  Hallam 
Elton,  Bart).  It  was  built  temp. 
Edw.  n.,  but  altered  at  subsequeat 
periods.  It  has  a  fine  front,  chiefly  of 
the  14th  cent.  The  bill  above  com- 
mands a  splendid  view,  which,  to- 
gether with  the  house  and  grounds,  is 
open  to  the  public  every  Thuieday 
from  12  to  8. 

,  ...E.  of  Olevedon  Stat  is  Tfcten- 
ham,  a  village  remarkable  for  the  re- 
mains of  a  tnanor-Aoule  of  the  early 
part  of  the  15th  cent.  The  hall  is 
nearly  perfect,  but  has  a  plain  modern 
roof.  The  Cft.  is  a  very  interesting 
itndy.  On  the  hill  above  is  Cadlvry 
Camp,  a  Bel^c  entrenchment  of  7 
acres,  Kyoupursne  the  Walton  road 
for  J  m.  you  wfll  find  a  path  on  the  rt. 
leading  directly  to  it 

Broekiey  Combe  (abont  4  m.  from 
Yatton  Stat)  is  a  wooded  and  rocky 
hollow  among  the  spurs  of  the  Men- ' 
dips,  more  than  1  m.  long,  end  abounds 
in  picturesque  beauty.  The  Ch.  stands 
very  prettily.  It  contains  a  riohly- 
carved  reredoa  and  pulpit.  Adjoining 
it  is  Broekiey  HaU,  a  seat  of  the  family 

ofPigott. 

Clare  ConOte  is  another  ragged 
valley  of  a  diaracter  similar  to  that.of 


CLITHEBOE-^CLYNSOG. 


110 


BrocklcY.      It  is  3  m.  E.  of  Yatton 
Stat. 

The  Cheddar  (9»>)  CUft  nay  alao 
be  Tinted  from  cWedon. 

GLBTBLBT8,  Bee  BlM^tpOoL 

Clbweb,  Bee  Windtor. 

Ci.ET-NEX'F-TaE-SEA,  Bce  jEToU. 

Cliefdkn,  Bee  Thama. 

Clutord  Castlb,  see  Wye. 

Cliftoh  (Beds.),  see  Shtgord. 

Cltfton  (Qlonc),  aee  SrilUi. 

CUHfiNo,  Bee  Lmtdutmpton. 

CuFSTONB,  aee  XamSM. 

CUf  beroe  (Lane),  Stat.,  L.AT. 
BIy.  { J«n» .-  Swan ;  Brownlow  Arms), 
Is  prettily  Bitnated  on  rt  bank  of  the 
Ribble  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Pendle 
range.  It  has  a,  conddereble  trade  in 
epinniug  and  calico  printiag. 

The  CatOe  (temp.  Hen.  IL)  is  finely 
plaoed  on  a  limestone  lock  rising 
ahraptly  &om  the  Talley,  but  only  a 
portion  of  the  keep  ia  left.  It  was 
ibnuerly  a  part  of  the  posBesdons  of 
the  De  Lacya :  now  it  belongs  to  the 
Duke  of  Bucclenoh.  Permiesion  is 
giTen  to  see  it  by  Mr.  Robinson,  the 
Duke's  stewatil,  whose  modem  reei- 
deuce  is  incorporated  with  it.  The 
Ch.  containB  a  braai  to  Dr.  Webster, 
inaster  of  the  graiomar  school  (16S2X 
and  a  monnment  by  Wtttmacott  to 
•nother  roaster. 

Exmrtiota.~{a.)  Pendle  .ffOI  (about 
3  m.),  Irom  whence  a  tnagniflcent 
view  is  obtained.  It  is  a  huge  mast 
of  carboniferous  limestone,  and  was 
fbTinerlyfdi«aded  as  the  great  resort  of 
Lancashire  witches.  On  it  the  Bnbnt 
eAanucmortu,  a  semi-arctic  plant,  grows. 
(b)  Up  the  RSHAe,  a  charming  valley, 
with  some  old  houses  on  its  banks. 
Borrodu/ard  BaU  (1  m.),  sjid  Wad- 
dingUm  HaU  (2  m.),  where  Henry  VI. 
was  captured  and  taken  to  London, 
(o)  WkiteuieU,  9  m.  (a  good  7nn  here), 
a  loTdy  little  villaze  in  the  glen  of  the 
Kidder,  np  which  a  mountAin  road 
]a  carried  across  the  Fells  to  Lan- 
caster (26  m.  &om  Clitheroe),  through 
the  Forest  of  Bowland.  Brmeihdlme 
(T.  G.  Parker,  Esq.),  on  the  road  to 
TFhitoweH,  ooulains  a  fine  oak  hall 
and  some  curiosities  of  Bowland  Forest. 
(i)  Milton  Ch.  (3  m.),  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Hodder  and  Bibble  (Inn  .- 


Aspinwall  Arms ;  a  good  anglers'  inn), 
eontoina  many  &ie  moDnments  to  the 
Bherbome  fiuully,  and  a  screen  brought 
from  Oockersand  Abbey.  MUtm  HaU 
(J.  Aspinwall,  Esq.)  has  a  fine  Qothio 
entrance  hall,  (e)  To  CktUlmnt  (Inn ; 
Pendle)  and  SaiiUy  Abbey  (Ciateroian), 
2  m.  N.  of  Olltheroe,  and  BcUon  BaU 
(parts  of  which  are  temp.  Edw.  UI.),  a 
charmfng  drive  of  about  10  m,  in  all. 

Cldphill,  see  AmplhilL 

CLOTIU.Y,  see  Bideford. 

Cluhbeb,  see  OUtrttm. 

Clun,  see  KnigUon. 

Clyiinogr  (Caernarvon.),  nearly 
equidistant  (10  m.)  trcm  C<Kraan)o» 
and  PvUKdi,  a  secluded  little  Tillage. 
delightfblly  situated  on  OeerDarrcti 
Bay,  and  aflbrding  many  attractive 
w^ks.  Jnn .-  .Bportsman  Bach,  The 
fine  old  cruciform  Ch.  is  a  magnificent 
specimen  of  late  Perp.,  about  temp. 
Hen.  VII.,  and  claims  to  be  one  of  the 
finest  in  N.  Wales.  The  chancel  ia 
divided  tmm  the  nave  by  beautifUly 
carved  rood-loft,  under  which  is  a  row 
of  sediliB,  of  carved  oak ;  there  is  also  a 
good  carved  timber  roof.  Inside  com- 
munion rails,  on  N,  is  an  aocieut  altar- 
tomb,  and  above  i^  a  mural  monument, 
tcpresenling  adult  figure,  with  some 
amaller  ones  kneeling.  In  an  aumbry 
on  rt,  is  an  imperfect  LaBn  inscription. 
The  sacristy,  N.  of  chancel,  has  groined 
roof,  and  contains  the  solid  triple- 
locked  "chest  of  6t.  Beuno;"  there  is 
also  in  N.  transept  a  17th  ceot. 
mural  brass,  and  an  altar-tomh  to  Col. 
Twistleton.  At  8.E.  anele  of  chancel 
a  circular  staircase  loads  to  the  roof 
and  the  roodloft.  From  the  tower- 
porch  a  r^isssge  runs  B.W.  to  St 
Beuno's  Chapel,  which  is  thus  portly 
separated  {tora  the  church ;  it  has 
beautifully  designed  windows,  aud  the 
tomb  of  St.  BeUDo  (the  founder),  which 
was  resorted  to  for  cure  of  diseases. 
On  L  of  road,  a  little  past  the  church, 
ia  the  well  of  St.  Beuno,  a  cursing- 
well  like  St.  Elian's,  and  a  wishing  or 
healing-well,  like  BL  Wini&ed's.  In 
a  field  overlooking  the  sea,  about  }  m. 
S.W.,  ia  the  Ba/^ieen  oroiiJeob,  noted 
for  targe  size  of  the  superijicDmbeut 
stone,  and  for  having  i  instead  of  3 
supporters. 


COALBBOOKDALR-COLCHESTEIi. 


Exeareiona.  —  To  Bina*  Dddnlli, 
about  5  m.  on  tba  coast.  Tbia  U  a 
BritiBh  poat,  Boid  to  base  been  cou- 
iieol«d  wilb  Segontium.  It  is  fortiQed 
nitb  double  range  of  escarpments, 
and  bos  traces  of  WBtcb-placea,bnt  the 
Bca-&ant  bas  suffered  much  from  ac- 
tion of  the  ^aves.  An  excureion,  of 
about  14  m.  in  all,  may  be  made  to 
¥t  Eifi,  and  the  cnrioua  eari^fortifled 


FenUediog,  and  the  village  of  Llanael- 
haiarn.  about  5  in.  from  ClTiinog  (eeo 
FioUheli).  From  a  elitf-path  rt.  from 
LlamLelhaiam,  leading  throngh  the 
pass  of  Bwldtyr-Eifl,  a  loyely  retro- 
spective  Ttew  may  be  had  cjf  Clynnog 
and  the  coast  and  bay  of  Oaemarroii. 
If  Yr  EiB  be  not  visited  the  excursion 
ma;  be  mntinued  to  Fw!1heti,  G^  m., 
passing  1.  the  conical  eminence  of  Com 
PenftflvA.  A  beautiful  eicuition  may 
be  made  by  proceeding  to  Pen't/'groea 
Stat.,  about  5  m.,  and  thence  by  train 
to  HantUe,  to  the  NantlU  Laket,  slate- 
qitarries  and  pass  o!  Dnnt-y-coed  (see 
Cnernamon).  To  Caemarron,  10  m., 
pasBiDg  rt  OlynUifon,  the  noble  do- 
main oir  Loid  NewtHmiurh. 

CoAlbrookdale  (Salop)— 
8tat.,  G.  W.  Ely.  (Tun:  Coalbrookdale 
H.}--iB  an  exceedingly  beautiful  Tnl- 
ley,  joiaing  that  of  the  Severn.  The 
iTaaworkt,  commeuced  in  1709  by  the 
Darby  &mily,  still  keep  up  tbeir  re- 
putation (or  fine  castings.  The  scenery 
of  tbe  wooded  valley  and  limestone 
bills  (Wenlock  strata)  is  cbarmiag, 
and  in  lAnedn  Hill  are  vast  caverns, 
formed  by  the  excavation  of  Uie  roch  ; 
ttiey  are  occasionally  lighted  np.  The 
coal-field  is  much  disttubed  by  faults, 
vrhich  are  large  and  numerous.  It 
yields  many  fossils  to  the  collector. 
The  choroh,  iron  bridge,  and  iitetary 
institutian  and  school  of  art,  are  the 
principal  public  boildiugs. 

CoALPOBT,  see  Ironbridge. 

COBBAH  (Kent),  see  Bocftejfcr. 

COBHAH  (Surrey),  see  Weybridge. 

Cochermoufli  (Cumb.), 
StaL  on  Penrith  &  Whitehaven  Bly. 
and  Maryport  &  Carlisle  Rlv.     inii». 


DcTwenl,  and  at  the  confluence  of 
that  river  vith  the  Cocker.  In  tbe 
principal  street,  proceeding  from  the 
railway  slation,  is  the  old  mansion,  on 
the  1.,  in  whioh  the  poet  Wordsvrorlh 
was  bom.  The  remams  of  the  Cattle, 
E.  Norm,  style,  are  extensive ;  they 
belong,  with  Ihe  portion  converted  into 
a  modem  residence,  to  Lord  Lecon- 
field.  The  castle  was  galrisoned  for 
Ciiarles  I.,  but  was  captured  and  dis- 
mantled in  ISiS.  Tbe  Church,  E.-E. 
style,  bns  a  memorial  viindow  to  the 
poet,andaricbly-Bculpturedfont  2m. 
N.  is  the  village  of  SHdekiTlt,  inte- 
resting on  account  of  its  churob  and 
curiously  sculptured  font.  Tbe  latter 
said  to  be  more  tbau  1000  years  old, 
id  is  a  very  curious  specimen  of 
medtffival  ivorkmaiiship. 

COOKIRBAND  AbBBY.  SCO  OioMOTl. 

CoOKiNQTON,  see  Torgnay. 

Codnor  Park  (Derby.),  2  m. 
from  Stat.,  Midland  Rlj.  (Erewash 
Valley  Branch).  Tbe  iTonamrka  here, 
and  at  Bulterley,  are  celebrated  for 
theii  buge  castings.  There  are  some 
remains  of  Codnor  Cattle,  of  the  date 
of  the  13th  cent.,  and  an  intoreeting 
old  dovecot,  vith  immensely  thick 
walls.  Codnor  was  tbe  ancient  seat 
of  the  family  of  Zonche.  Ascend  tbe 
hill  above  C.  Park  to  tbe  pillar  erected 
to  the  late  Mr.  Jessop,  for  tbe  sake  of 
the  view  over  the  ironwork  district. 

CodSflll  (Staffs.).  Stat..  Gi  W. 
Rly.  Tbe  Ck.  has  carved  roof,  and 
monuments  io  the  Wroltesley  family, 
1602.  From  here  a  most  interestiDg 
excursion  am  be  made  to  Bo»c6bel  and 
White  Ladiet,  skirting  tbe  woods  of 
CMUington,  the  old  seat  of  tbe  Gif- 
faide,  a  Bom.  Catb.  family,  t«,  3  m., 
Langley  (see  Albrightoa). 

CoGOESHALL,  See  Keletdon. 

CoGQS,  see  Witiuiy. 

CoiTY,  see  Cardiff. 

Colchester  (Essex),  BtaL(Gt. 
E.  Bly.)  is  at  Mile  End,  nearly  a  mile 
N.  fiom  tbe  town.  Tbe  statto  for 
BTighlXingtea  and  WalUm-on-thxSaai 
is  near  St.  Botolph's,  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  town,  bnt  tbe  two  railway  lines 
are  connected.  Tbe  large  building  near 
the  Mile  End  Stat.,  erected  as  an 
hotel  by  Sir  8.  H.  Peta,  bas  been 


C0LCSE8TES. 


conTerted  into  on  asflnm  for  idiots, 
lant:  "Tbieo  CopB;  George;  Bed 
Lion  (an  old  houee,  hnviii^  some  re- 
taaina  of  oiDamenlel  camng  on  its 
front).  Colchester  is  the  largest  town 
in  Essex.  It  etands  on  an  eminence, 
sloping  N.  and  E.-wards  to  the  Colne. 
It  is  generallv  admitted  that  the  site 
of  "Colonia  Camoludonum  "  mast  be 
sought  at  Colobeeler,  where  the  re- 
maining traces  of  Roman  occupation 
are  of  high  interest  and  importance. 
In  tlie  jeac  44,  the  Emperor  Claudius 
marclied,  with  an  overwhelming  force, 
to  Csmoludunnm,  which  he  entered 
with  little  resistance.  It  was  the  first 
Koman  colony  founded  ia  Britain. 
The  vndlt  of  Colchester  date,  in  all 
probability,  from  this  period,  and 
ample  remains  atilt  exist.  The;  may 
be  traced  on  tbe  W.,  N.,  and  E.  si' 
almost  wilhODt  interinption, 
through  the  greater  part  of  that 
tent  still  rise  many  feet  above 
gronnd,  and  may  be  adTantageonsl; 
compared  with  any  oilier  remains  of 
tbe  kind  in  this  island,  or  perhaps 
even  on  the  Continent.  Besides  ( ' 
walls,  the  chief  objects  of  interesi 
the  Caitle,  with  the  muneam  of  the 
Essex  Archieologica!  Society  arranged 
in  it;  St.  BotiApVe  THory,  and  tli 
A})b^  Gate.  In  the  High-street  ai 
some  good  shops,  and  the  principal 
inns ;  and  at  the  W.  end  is  the  Com 
Exohange,  where  there  is  a  large  Satur- 
day market.  The  new  Toum  Eaii, 
with  its  pilasters,  rusticated  basement, 
and  Doric  oomices.  cannot  lay  claim  to 
elegance.  N.  of  High-street^a  short 
distance  beyond,  E.,  the  George  H.— 
stands,  on  nigh  ground,  the  Normal 
beep,  which  alone  romainaof  the  Castif 
It  is  the  largest  Norman  iieep  in  this 
country,  being  donble  the  size  of  the 
White  Tower  of  London,  and  of  eitra- 
ordinary  solidity.  The  Mvteam,  in  the 
chapel  of  the  castlo,  is  entered  by  a 
Norm,  gateway  leading  into  a  modem 
corridor.  In  this  corridor  ia  arranged 
a  fine  collection  of  shells  and  fossils, 
and  there  is  now  an  excellent  collec- 
tion of  books  relating  te  Essex  archmo- 
logy  and  history.  The  museum,  open 
free,  from  10  a.u.  to  4  f.u.  daily,  is 
also  rich  in  relics  of  Boman  Cbmoln- 


donum.  Near  the  6.E.  comei  of  the 
,  and  6t.  Botolph's  Stat,  stand 
■nins  of  Bt.  Botolph't  Friory  Ch. 

The   prioiT   was    founded   in    1103. 


lose  bouse  overlooks  ruina  Not  ht 
distant,  on  an  eminence,  stands  St. 
Jolm'i   AlAey  Oate,  the  last  relic  of 


Pel  ham-lane, 
High-street),  will  interest  the  nr^tec- 
tural  andiinary.  It  is  chiefly  con- 
structed of  tiles,  similar  to  those 
employed  in  Romna  works,  and  there 
is  no  apparent  reason  why  it  shonld 
not  date  from  a  period  anterior  to 
the  Norman  Conquest.  By  skirting 
tho  street  called  Balbeme,  or  Baf- 
con-lane,  the  exterior  of  the  tovmundl 
may  be  seen  end  examined.  The 
walls  include  about  108  acres.  The 
whole  circuit  may  be  traced.  Close 
to  the  Ch.  oj  St.  Mary-on-lhe-WalU, 
which  occupies  the  highest  gronnd  in 
the  town,  was  a  post^,  now  marked 
by  a  flight  of  steps.  Here  is  a  veir 
massive  fragment  of  the  wall  well 
worth  notice.  It  serves  as  the  wall  of 
the  churchyard.  Further  up  the  lane, 
on  the  crown  of  nearly  the  highest 
ground  in  the  old  (own,  ia  the  princi- 

El  bastion,  called  the  "  Baloon,"  and 
own  also  ns  Colking's  CasUe,  or 
more  properl  v  the  Caitle  of  King  Cod. 
"  King  Coel  is  the  great  legendary 
hero  of  Colchester.  The  garden  of  the 
Old  Cmtchod  Friars,  just  within  tiie 
N.E.  angle  of  the  tewn-walls,  is  con- 
verted info  a  Solanie  Garden.  Here 
is  one  of  the  host  preserved  bits  of 
the  wall.  The  celebrated  Colchester 
oysters  are  taken  in  the  Colne,  and 
fattened  on  layituis  at  Wivenhoe 
and  Brightlingsea.  The  eielnaive 
right  to  this  fishery  is  held  by  the 
town,  under  a  charter  ot  Kiohard  I. 
There  is  a.  very  large  distillery  at  the 
Hythe,  1)  m.  below  the  town,  up  to 
which  the  Colue  is  navigable.  Tbe 
chnrcb  at  Bera-ehureh,  close  to  Col- 
chester, has  an  early  Dec.  W.  porbil. 


COLEFOUD—COKISTON. 


excellent  in  detail  and  monldingg. 
The  TDonnmonta  in  the  Audley  Chapel, 
and  one  by  CbaJitre;  in  the  chancnl, 
desecTe  notice.    The  little  Noim,  Ck. 


Borne  lemarhable  mural  pfiictiiigs. 

Coleford  (Glouccst.j,  5  va.  from 
Monmouth  Slat,,  and  8  m.  frota  Ljd- 
nej  Staf.,  whence  coach  runs  twice 
each  weel-daf ,  is  a  miningTiown 
the  bordera  of  the  Forest  of  Dean  (In 
Angel), 

£zcurticru.-~2  m.  on  Monmonth  road 
io  SlatmUm  Ch,,  of  eood  late  Nonn. 
On  a  hill,  i  m.  S.W.,  u  tho  BuekeUme, 
an  ancient  British  rocking-gtone,  55  fL 
in  circumference  at  top,  and  height  of 
12  ft.  Ooitlinuethewftli  totheXymin 
(glorioni  riewa  over  the  Tale  of  Wje), 
and  ao  on  to  Monmottth  (see  Wye  Tour). 

CoLSORTOH,  see  Aikbg-de-la-Zoueh. 

COLKBH1I.L,  Bee  Farittgdon  and  Smin- 

Colne  (Lane),  BUt  L.  &  V.  Btf. 
(7nn.'  Swan),  ia  an  ancient  little  town 
on   the    boraerg   of  Lancashire    and 

Yorksliire,  and  lupposed  to  have  been 
the  Bomau  ColtiQio.  The  maun&cture 
of  cotton  goodB  forms  the  staple  trade 
of  the  town.  The  Ch.,  leth  cent., 
ooDtaina  a  carved  wood-screen.  Old 
HotitM  in  the  neighbom'hood  —  (a) 
Bamiide,  3  m.  E.,  wrmerly  belonged 
to  tile  Priory  of  St.  John  of  Pontefrait 


Forest,  tl 


,t  of  the  CunliCTeB, 


Colwlcli  (Stafib.>-8tat.  L.  & 

S.  W.  Bly.  and  Jnnc.  with  N.  Staff. 

line— 6}  m.  from  Stafford,  and*  6  m. 

tmn  Armitage  (Blat).    The  Ch.,  close 

to  the  statioQ,  conteJiis  (a)  efflgy  of  Sir 

William  Woljeley,  and  (6)  tomba  of 

the  AnBODB.      Woittley  Hatt  (Bir  0. 

Wolaeley)  is  inteleatii^  as  being  the 

only  example  of  a  chartered  deer-Uap 

in  England,  lija.  &ocnColwioh  stat.  u 

BkngbOTOugh  Fork  (E.  of  Lichfield), 

and  S  m.  N.  is  Ingtitre,  the  fine  Jsco- 

been  mansion  of  E.  of  Bhrewsbury. 

CoLWTN,  see  Conwoy. 

CoMBH  Floht,  see  tavrdori.  I 

CouBE  Mabtjh,  lee  I/ynlon.  I 

CoMBKBUEBE  Abbbt,  Bee  Whitchurch, 

COHBS, 


CoMPTOB  (Hants.),  BMWiachmler. 
COBPTOH  {Surrey),  eee  Chuldford. 
CoMFTON   Pabta,  see   JUorebm-in- 

CoNiBBOROBGH,  SOB  DoneoOer. 

CoNiBKBAD  Pbiobt.  aoo  UlveriUm. 

ConlMtOn  (IsncB.).  —  Inni: 
Waterbead  H,  ;  Crown  ;  the  Lake 
Bank  H.,  at  foot  of  lake — is  one  of 
tbe  moat  charming  resorts  of  the 
Lake  District.  Tbe  village  is  sitn- 
ated  at  tbe  foot  of  the  Old  Man 
<26S3  n.)  and  of  Wetherlam.  and 
at  the  head  of  the  lake,  wluch  is 
6  m.  long  and  j  m.  broad.  It  oan  be 
eaailj  visited  from  Ambltnde,  S  m., 
les  and  chor-K-baucs  daily;  Irom 
Bowness  (Bee  Windermere)  by  coach, 
leaving  daily  about  9.S0  A.11.  and 
arriving  at  Ferry  10,15  a.h.,  Htuckei- 
head  10.45,  and  Conitbm  12.30  (this 
coach  returns  from  Coniston  about 
?M..  same  day);  and  from  the  8. 
B.W.  by  Fumess  Bailway  from 
frougUoH  to  Omielon  Btat.  A  steam 
gondola  plies  up  and  down  the  lake 
tiiree  times  a  (lay.  Visitors  holding 
any  of  the  Glrotdar  Tonr  tickets 
are  strongly  recommended  to  break 
their  journey  here.  It  may  be 
reached  Irom  Ambleside,  after  pass- 
ing Clappengate,  \  m.,  and  Brailtav 
Bridge,  either  by  tbe  central  track 
taken  by  the  public  conveyances 
to  itom*  Qaie  Jnn.  or  by  a  more 
weaterly   and     pleasant    route     (10 

,,  fallowing  tbe  road  for  Little 
Langdale  to  Sketwilh  Bridge,  3  m.; 
Coltnith  Bridge,  4}  m. ;  thence,  after 
continuing  for  about  S  m.  along  tbe 
base  of  Oienfell,  descending  into  the 
beautiful  glen  0/  Tewdfde.  2  m.  ftem 
Coniston ;  or  by  the  Hftwksbcad  road 
which  turns  off  to  I.,  2  m.  irom 
Ambleside,  visiting  first  that  town 
and  Eatbwaiie  'Water.  Examiimi. 
■(a)  Up  and  down  the  lake  in 
steam  gondola,  (b)  Walk  or  drive 
round    the    lake,    14     m.,    ^saing 

W.  shore  Coniston  Hall,  Torver 
(Stat.),  Lake  Bank  Hotel  (here  plea- 
sure boats  may  be  hired  for  fishing, 
&0.),  cmssbg,  at  foot  of  lake,  the 
riverCrake,by  Bowder  Bri^:  thence 
throngh  village  of  Ntbthwaite,  by  Fir 
isle,  to  Wktcrbcod.    The  finest  views 


an  &Dm  the  E.  shore,  (c)  Asceiit  of 
Conition  Old  JHdn,  2  hn. ;  charge  for 
pony,  Sf.  Follow  the  r^ular  pony- 
track.  Some  alate  qoarriea  and  copper 
mines  ore  passed  anring  the  aacent, 
also  the  N.  aide  of  Leven  Wai^,  the 
largest  and  ooe  of  the  niotrt  beaatiful 
of  the  monntiuD  tsms.  Thin  Iud  lies 
between  the  Old  Man  and  Wetherlam, 
and  from  it  there  is  a  road  to  another 
tarn  called  Low  Water.  Wetherlam 
shoold  be  viaited  fbr  the  gnmd  and 
varied  proapeota  it  affords.  From  it 
the  return  ma;  be  mode  to  Coniston 
through  Tilberthwaite  and  Yewdale. 
An  easier,  thongh  leta  ptctatceqac, 
ascent  maj  be  made  fnaa  Torver, 
faking  the  railway  to  that  Tillage, 
2  m.  By  this  route,  OaUt  Water,  a 
tarn  between  the  Old  Man  and  Dow 
Crag,  is  passed,  (d)  Ascent  of  Blach 
Combe  (see  SOecroft).  {e)  DudtUm 
V/Uley  (see  BrougUon),  a,  channiiig 
exclusion,  (/)  Tarn  Hoot,  a,  delight- 
fat  ramble  due  N.  of  the  lake,  return- 
ing either  h;  Yewdale  on  1.,  or  by 
Hawkahead  roadoort.  (g)  ToLangdale 
(Dungeon  Gill),  by  Tilberthwaite  Glen 
(higluj  piotofesque),  and  Blea  Tarn 
9m. 

COKWar  (Caemarron.),  225  m. 
from  LondwuL.  A  N.W.Ely,:  1  br.  10 
min.  by  ^t  train  from  Cheetei.  Irms  .- 
Castle ;  Erskine  Arma,  The  town 
stands  on  the  Conway,  which  is  croaaed 
by  the  naoefol  SaniamiM  Bridge, 
and  the  Tubular  Bridge,  400  ft.  long, 
for  the  railway.  Clotiely  overhangtog 
the  railway,  rt.,  are  the  Cosfle  WaBt, 
vbich  are  atrengtheDed  at  intervals 
by  21  towers  and  entered  by  3  prin- 
cipal gateways  with  2  strong  towora; 
the  general  ehape  is  triang^ar,  the 
base  being  occupied  by  the  wonder- 
folly  piotureaque  Caifle,  erected,  as 
were  also  the  walls,  by  £dw.  I.  in 
1284 ;  in  plan  it  is  nearly  a  parallelo- 
gnan,  with  8  drum  -towera  40  ft.  in 
diameter ;  Hm  principal  feature  in  the 
interior,  which  is  unequally  divided 
by  a  cross  wall,  is  the  hall  of  Llew- 
eiyn,  130  ft.  long.now  roofless;  2  atone 
arches  remain ;  it  is  lighted  by  9  B.-E. 
ivindows;  the  2  B.  towers  are  called 
the  King's  and  Queen's,  in  the  latter 
of  which  is  a  beantiftd  little  oratory 


(FAY.  128 

with  groined  loof,  cells,  and  oonfe»- 
sional ;  in  the  lower  cluunber  are  some 
carious  fragments  of  Dec  tracing ,-  on 
8.  side  is  Uie  keep  and  a  tower  called 
Twrdam,  or  the  Broken  Tower,  the 
base  of  which  is  completely  excavated. 
In  the  town  Plat  Maur  is  a  good 
example  of  a  16th-cent.  domestic  tim- 
bered building;  the  King's  Head  and 
the  Black  Lion  (1580)  Inns  also  re- 
taui  traces  of  antiquity ;  the  College,  in 
Caatle^tieet,  has  cnnons  window  and 
armorial  bearings  of  the  Stanley  bmily ; 
the  CkarA,  which  dates  from  11B5, 
has  Deo,  tower  with  Perp.  additions, 
and  Deo-  though  modernised,  nave, 
with  niche  in  B.  side  of  peculiar 
beauty;  the  chancel  is  E.  Dec,  with 
Perp.  stained  glass  E.  window  ;  it  con- 
tains a  flue  rood  loft  and  chancel 
stalls,  a  good  Perp.  fbnt,  a  good  sfireen, 
said  to  have  been  brought  from  Mae- 
nant  Abbey,  and  some  indsed  monu- 
mental stones. 

ExairtioM. — 2  m,  W.,  on  summit  of 
the  Conway  Mount,  are  tracei  of  the 
fortified  British  town  of  OaUa  Caer  ■ 
Sewn,  vrith  cyttiau  inside :  it  com- 
mands views  of  other  fortifled  poets, 
such  as  on  Penmaenmawr,  Llandudno, 
Pencae  Helen,  &c;  the  visitor  may 
eirteud  the  valk  to  the  outpost  of 
Craig-y-Ddinas,  and  thence  return  to 
Oonway  through  lovely  vale  of  Sych- 
nant,  near  tcf>  of  which  ia  an  echo ;  or 
else  descend  to  the  quiet  little  seaside 
village  of  Dmsus/jtati  {Jim .-  ■Vict<*ia), 
which  has  Mr  accommodation ;  the 
(onrist  may  henoe  follow  the  Nant 
Dacat  Llwynog,  through  a  glen  rt,, 
past  a  wood,  to  a  pretty  wat^all,  or, 
atopping  abort  of  the  wood,  turn  I.  up 
the  hills  to  the  celebrated  Maen-y- 
Campian.  an  upright  stone. 

(2).  To  Ptnmaenmaier,  4}  m.  (10 
min.  by  rail),  a  charmingly  quiet  and 
beautiM  spot  situated  at  Ibot  of  mas- 
Bive  bill  of  that  name  (1545  it).  Itau: 
Penmaenmawr  Hotel,  spaoious  and 
KOod;  Wyatt's  Boarding  House,  com- 
iortable.  On  the  summit  of  the  hill 
are  many  early  remains :  (a)  the  Bri- 
tish ■poetofBTaicJt-y-Ddimu,  anrmaunt- 
ing  Dinas  Penmaen,  a  conical  hill  on 
the  table-surface  of  Penmaenmawr; 
loose  stone  walls  12  (L  high  and  12  tt. 


124 


CONWA  T—COS  WEN. 


thick  may  b«  traced ;  (b)  on  a  plateau 
near  eminence  of  Motif™,  about  1  m.  8., 
are  cameddaii,  meiniheirioc,  and  oirclea 
— Y  Meini  Heirioo,  the  most  reroack- 
Bble,  coQiuBting  of  10  ajtrigbt  atones, 
with  some  smaller  ones ;  from  Fen- 
maenmairr  the  touiiBt  maj  proceed 
5  m.  W.  to  Aber  (lee),  paetdn!!;  2  m.  1. 
the  pretty  little  watering-place  of  J-ion- 
fairfedum  (Stat.;,  or,  t^ing  the  Roman 
road  which  nme  from  Aber  S.  of  the 
monntaia,  proceed  throngh  solitary  posa 
of  Bwldi~y-ddenfaea.i  where  are  many 
erect  Btones  and  a  cromlech,  to  Goer- 
han  {tee  below). 

(3),  To  Gaerhun  and  Uanrael ;  the 
road  on  1.  bank  of  the  Conway  in 
uBually  taken  by  oarrmgea ;  that  on 
the  rt.  bank  is  mora  picture«qne,  bnt 
not  convenient  for  visiting  the  water- 
lyie;  leaving  tbe  town,  beneath  the 
walla  a  fhie  view  ia  gained  of  tbe  town 
and  castle  from  oppoaito  hill :  at  }  m. 
on  rt.  the  Church  of  Gggin  has  good 
E.-E.  font  and  doornay ;  for  the  first 
2  m.  the  viewa  of  river  and  vale  are 
Bbut  out  by  high  ground;  at  4J  a. 
from  Conway  ia  Caerkun  (H.  D.  Grif- 
flths,  Esq.),  whose  grounds  contain  the 
lemains  of  tbe  important  station  of 
Canovium ;  tbe  tmxe  are  a  little  behind 
the  ofa.-yd.,  and  foundations  of  a  Boman 
villa  and  a  hypocaust  may  be  traced ; 
immediately  opposite  Caerhun,  ~~ 
other  side  of  the  river,  and  about  1) 
from  Tfll-y-Cafn  ferry  and  railway 
station,  ia  Llya  Syberi,  which  well  do- 
serves  a  visit ;  from  Caerhun  it  ia  7 
to  LUinrwit  (which  s«),  passing  wat 
fells  on  the  Afim  Porihlvryd  and  A/on 
Dha ;  a  steamer  also  plies  dawn  the 
Conway  to  Trefriir,  2i  m.  short  of 
Llanrwst, 

(i).   To  Cduyn,  &a.;   i 


Bant  little  bathing  place  of  Colmyn 
{CoedPeOaH.;  Cclviyn  Baa  H.),  2  la. 
1.  of  which,  higher  np  on  the  hills,  ia 
the  F/mmon,  or  cursing  well  of  Elian ; 
from  Cotwjn  it  is  4  m.  E.  to  Han- 
duiiu  (see  Abergele). 

(S).  To  lAoTuiudno  (which  tee)  and 
the  Orme's  Head,  i  m.  by  road  oi 

DUtatieeg  (by  rail).— Bangor,  15  m.  i 


Llanrwst,    12    m. ;    Bettwa-y-Coed, 

" ".  m. ;  Abergele,  iO  mio. ;  Rbyl,  50  min. 
CooKHiM,  SCO  Thamee. 
CooMBB,  see  Kingetoa-on-Tliamet. 
Coopeb'b  Hill,  see  Egham. 
COFFOBD,  see  Colcheetir, 
CoquEC  ISUND,  s 


CoBTB  Oastlk,  see  Wareham. 
CoBNDoy  MouNT.aee  Bithop't  CaMe. 
CoBNHiLL,  see  Wooler. 

COBNWOHTHY,  866  Totnet. 

rombam  ^WUIs.).  Btat.,O.W. 
Kly.,  between  Chtppenlunn  and  Baik. 
Inn:  Melbuen  Anns.  The  town,  or 
rather  yiUsge,  lies  j  m.  on  the  rt.  It 
was  a  residence  of  the  Bason  Mngs, 
and  afterwards  of  the  Earls  of  Corn- 
wall. A  very  extensive  trade  is  car- 
ried on  in  stone,  there  beingseveral  large 
freestone  quarries  in  tbe  neighbonr- 
hood.  .  The  Ckureh  ia  a  fine  buildinet 
witi  central  E.-E.  tower  finely  groined. 

"■" arcades  are  Norm.;   there 

Dec.  windows.    There  is  a 


elaborately  carved  wood  screen,  with 
a  canopy  of  &n   tracery,   in  the  N. 

Corehma  Court  is  the  seat  of  Lotd 
iletbnen.  The  S.  front  is  a  charming 
example  of  the  Elizabethan  style.  The 
N.  Iront  and  other  parts  have  been 
reconstmcted  from  a  good  Italian  de- 
sign by  Charles  Belluny.  There  ia 
gallery  of  very  valuable  paintings, 
._  great  part  collected  by  Sir  Paul 
Methuen,  the  ambassador  to  Madrid, 
who  died  1757.  Btrangera  are  per- 
mitted to  view  the  pictares.  In  tiie 
surrounding  park  are  trees  of  magnl- 
fioent  growth,  particularly  cedan  and 
oriental  plimes,  one  of  the  latter  being 
probably  the  largest  of  its  kind  in 
England. 

Biddeilim,  3  m.  N.  of  Corsham,  coa- 
aiats  of  2  parishes,  Bt  Nicholas  and 
St.  Peter's,  each  once  remarkable  for 
a  ch.  vrith  an  ancient  and  very  jno- 
turesiiue  bell-turret.  St  Nicholas  still 
remains,  with  a  Norman  turret  over 
the  chancel  arch,  and  a  S.  doorway 
and  font  in  tbe  same  style. 

Conr  en  (Merioneth,)  Btat,G.W. 
Bty.  Y^Buabon  and  Llangoll^i  (Inn: 
*OwBin  Oljndvr,  vhere  tiMtets  ma;  be 


COR  WEN— CO  VENTST. 


bad  for  trout,  &D.,  fl^hins  in  the  Dee) 
— *qmet  little  town  in  pretty  vatlej  at 
fbot  of  Moel  Ferna  (2050  ft.),  part  of 


ofaeveisl  important  roods,  viz.,  toLlan- 
goUen,  BattuD,  Wrexham,  Llanmst, 
aad  Bala ;  for  fishermen  it  is  a  capital 
station.  Gaar  Drem/n,  a  laree  fortifled 
post  on  I.  bank  of  Dee,  well  deaexv^ 
a  Tiait;  on  opposite  side  of  the  rixer, 
above  the  town,  ia  Owain  OlfOdwr'B 
Beat,  approached  by  a  steep  path  past 
the  ob.,  and  aflording  a  capital  view  of 
vale  of  Oorwen ;  thia  was  uaed'  a»  an 
encampment  by  Glyndwr,  and  aI«o  by 
Owain  Gwjnedd ;  in  the  restored  Ch., 
whicb  baa  fine  old  rooC  observe  mona- 
mental  semi-effigy  of  Bulien,  once  vicar 
of  Corwen,  wilii  inscription:  in  church- 
yard is  a  cross  called  the  Sword  of 
Olyndwi,  and  in  chancel  wall,  over  8. 
door  of  the  cL^  a  hole  in  the  wall, 
ascribed  bj  tradition  to  his  dagger 
bedng  flang  there  in  a  quarrel. 

S^euTiiojti  (b*  road). — To  Bala  by 

(a)  Bala  road,  12  m.,  or  by  (b)  Vale  of 
EdeyrnioD,  13  m.,  the  views  by  latter 
being  incomparably  finer  ;  (a)  at  1 
m,  is  Rag  (Hon.  O.  H.  Wjnn);  here 
are  still  preserved  Owain's  knife,  fork, 
and  dagger ;  within  the  grounds  is 
enriouB  old  private  cbape!  of  the 
Tauehan.  fanuly,  of  Jacobean  type, 
bearing  dale  16jft — the  carving  of  the 
seats  is  remarkably  good ;  about  2  or 
3  m.  N.W.  of  Bng  is  ch.  of  Bettws 
Gwerfal  Gocb,  which  has  very  inter- 
esting screen;  j  nL  further  on,  at 
JDnuI  Inn,  the  Bala  road,  which  follows 
the  Nantfranan  lo  ite  very  source,  turns 
L.  and  a  road  to  Pentrevoelas  turns  rt. ; 

(b)  at  1  m.  is  Uangar  ch. ;  1  m.  fur- 
ther on,  at  Cynaydd,  a  rood  rt.  croasei 
the  Dee  to  join  rente  to  Pentrevoelas 
8  m.  beyond  Cvnwydd,  at  the  village  of 
lAatuirillo  (Stit.)— Jim:  Dadley  Anns 
— a  road  L  ascends  glen  of  the  Afbn 
Dinam  to  join  at  S  m.  the  "Milter- 
gerig  "  road  to  Llanrhaiadr  (see  £ala] ; 
an  excnrsion  of  9  m.  may  be  made  from 
Llfmdrillo  to  Pistyll  Hhaiadt  above 
Iilanrhaiadr  Moobtiaiit  (see  Oneetlry) ; 
the  road  at  1  m.  beyiHid  Llandiilloaow 
irinds  at  foot  of  a  wooded  steep,  and  at 
2  m,  bom  same  place  Orogt*  (Earl 


Dudley)  is  passed;  Jm.  hrtheron  the 
tourist  may  oross  the  Dee  at  Pont  LUm- 

derfel,  and  take  choice  of  roads,  the 
'  '  jet  being  the  northerly  one  on  1. 
;  a  little  away  itam  Uie  river  is 
Llanderfel  ch.,  a  good  Hpedmen  of  late 
Perp.,  temp.  Hen.  VIII.,  and  has  re- 
markably good  screen,  also  carious  re- 
cumbent wooden  horse,  and  a  staff,  both 
known  as  St.  Dervel's  ;  on  1.  is  fVoK- 
haidog  (Mrs.  Daviea).  and  on  opposite 
bank  Pale  (H.  Bobertson,  Esq.,  M.P.) : 
soon  after  Llanderfel  the  valley  iCmotrt 
closes,  and  finishes  at  Calettwr  with  a 
nobly  wooded  eminence;  3}  m.  beyond 
Llanderfel  Ihe  other  roaid  from  Corwen 

joined  at  Llanvor,  whence  it  ia  IJ  m. 

I  Bala.  To  HangolUa  16  m.  by  val- 
ley of  the  Dee  (see  UangoUat).  To 
BiUhin  by  direct  road  12  m. ;  or  by 
Oemant  Slate  Quarries  and  Llandegla, 
16  m.  (see  Bvlhia).  To  Cerrig-y-Dru- 
UionlOm.  Ataboutlm.W.  ia  Jfius- 
-,  the  beautifully  wooded  seat  of 
Mrs.  Keir;  abont  l^m.  beyond  wbii^ 
the  striking  and  romaotio  Fonl-y- 

i/tt,  where  a  deep  chasm  is  crosed  by  n 

idge  of  1  arob  of  50  ft.  span,  spring- 
ing from  2  sheer  and  sharp  rocks, 
bmeatli  which  the  river  rashes  over  a 
I  of  rocky  slopes  into  a  deep  glen  ; 
about  3  J  m.  farther  ou,  on  rt,  is  the  forti- 
fied post  of  Pen^iur,  assigned  by  tradi- 
tion te  Curacteous  :  i  m.  further  on  is 
the  primitive  Welsh  viliags,  Cirrig-y- 
Dntidina—-"  Stones  of  the  Heroes " 
(Inn .-  Lion) ;  hence  a  road  rt.  of  about 
15  m.  leads  by  Llanvihiin^  and  Fool 
Pork  to  Buthiu,  the  main  road  con- 
tiuuing  about  5J  m.  to  Pentrevodiii 
(Hotel:  Voelas  Arms),  whence  it  is 


Diikauxe  (by  rail).— Bala,  }  hr.; 
Dolgelley,  1}  hr. ;  Llangollen,  35  min. 

COBYS,  see  IMpettey. 

CosTOCK,  see  Loughborough. 

OoTHELE,  see  CalOoek. 

CcnTFENHAM,  See  Cambridge. 

CoTTBBSTOOK,  Bee  OandU. 

CoTTiNoaiu,  see  Hull. 

CovEKnuE,  see  Loae»to/l. 

Coventry  (Warwick.).  Stat., 
L.  4  N.  W,  Bly.,  9*  m.  from  London. 
InM:  OraveQ  Arms;  Bong's  Head; 
Oastle.  A  town  actively  employed  in 
the  maDnfitcture  of  ribbons,  watches. 


136 


CJUNBBOOK—CBATEN  ASMS. 


cftrpete,  &o.  It  was  ooe  of  Uie  chief 
Bents  of  tlie  EotIb  of  Mercio,  and  it  wiid 
to  have  been  made  toU-&ee  by  LeoMc, 
according  to  the  well-known  legend, 
"le  inatigatioD  of  I«dy  Godira  Ms 


"Peeping  Tom,"  &e  only  iohabilant 
irho  broke  the  command  of  Ladj  Go- 
diva,  IB  repreeented  looking  through  a 
hole  in  the  wall  at  comer  of  Hertiord- 
Rtreet.  St.  Mii^tad't  Oh.  (Parp.)  has 
ft  beentiiiil  apite  (303  ft,  higo)  aud 
Btained-glasa  windows.  The  windows 
in  N.  and  8.  side  of  chancel  are  to 
the  memoTj  of  Qneen  Adelaide.  Soly 
3Wn%,  or  the  FHory  CA^  also  has  a 
Temarkahl?  fine  spiie.  5  m.  S.,  and 
Hime  distance  boni  Leaniin^im,  \a 
KeniheorOi  (King's  Aims  Hotel), 
which  should  be  Tutitad  for  the  sake 
of  the  fine  mina  uf  the  old  Caatle. 
Bny  guide-book  at  entrance.  Near 
the  rains  la  the  Ch.  of  St.  NicMae, 
with  remarkabl;;  fine  and  ricb!]r 
moulded  Norm,  archway  at  W.  en- 
trance (see  Warteiek).  Slaneletgh 
Ahbey  (Lord  Leigh)  is  1  m.  8.  of 
Covent^.  It  contuns  highly  intei- 
esting  paintini;s,  inclDdin^  tite  por- 
trait of  Lord  Byron  by  Pliiliijis. 

CoTEiucK  Cove,  see  Edilaa. 

CoviBHAll,  see  NorOtaiUrUm. 

CowBBiDaE,  ace  Cardiff. 

CowDKAT,  see  Midhvnt. 

CowB  (East  and  West),  see  Wight, 

CowTflOBFx,  see  Harrogate. 

CoxwBLL,  see  Faringdim. 

Cranbrook  (Kent).  6  m.  bom 
SlapUkma  Stat.,  B.  E.  BIy.  (Jnn: 
SouHi-Eaatern  Hotel),  whence  a  coach 
inns  3  times  daily.  7?uu.'  George; 
Ball.  The  prinoipal  market  town  of 
the  Weald.  The  old  importance  of 
the  place  arose  from  its  being  the 
centre  of  the  clothing  trade,  intro- 
duced by  the  body  of  Flemings,  whom 
£d«ud  ni.  iodnoed  to  settle  in  Eng- 
land. The  woiks  ceased  abont  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century,  but 
there  are  still  some  pictniesque  re- 
mains of  the  old  fBctories  in  the  prin- 
oical  street. 

n  the  village  of  Ooudhunt,  3  m.  W., 


Suaire-foiled  circles  in  each  spandreL" 
;  is  of  the  15th  cent.  S.  of  Oond- 
horst,  at  aa  elevation  of  850  ft,  lies 
Bedgebwy  Park  (A.J.  Beiesfbrd  Hope, 
Esq.,  T/LP.).  The  inteiior  is  remark- 
able foi  the  ornamented  ceilings,  the 
pictures  and  cMua,  the  grand  staircase 
with  its  Beauvais  tapestry,  and  tlie 
private  Chapel.  , 

At  Kilndomn,  adjoining  the  Park, 
1  m.  off  the  load  between  Tunbridge 
and  Hastings,  is  a  small  Church,  boUt 
aboat  1S40.  It  haa  been  richly  deco- 
rated by  Mi.  Bereeford  Hope  with 
painted  glass,  lood-screen,  stone  pulpit, 
painting,  gilding,  &c,,  the  effect  of 
which  is  gorgeous. 

2  m.  N.E.  of  Cianbiook  aie  the  great 
entrance,  and  other  remwns  of  Siming- 
hvTit,  a  very  stately  honae,  buUt  by  ffir 
John  Bakei.  temp.  Heniy  VII. 

Cranbrook  will  be  found  a  good 
centre  &om  which  to  explore  the 
picturesque  country  lying  on  the 
Susaes  border. 

CBANMBaB  Pool,  see  DartuMor. 
Oftven  Arms  (Salop)— June, 
G.  W,  RIy.,  ftom  Welliagton ;  Shrews, 
and  Heref.  line  ;  and  Cent.  Walea, 
L.  &N.W.  Bly.  Inn:  Craven  Anna, 
at  junction  of  Shrewsbury,  Ludlow,  and 
Knighton  loada — a  convenient  halt- 
ing place  for  tho  geologiat  or  the 
tourist,  wishing  to  explore  Corvedale, 
Apedaie,  and  the  scenery  of  Wenlock 
Edge.  Stokftay  Ccuik,  IJ  to.,  is  one 
of  the  finest  examples  in  England  of  a 
castellated  mansion  of  13th  cent.  The 
entrance  to  courtyard  is  by  a  fine  old 
timber  gate  tower  adorned  with  car- 
Tinga.  Notioe  the  obliqne  openings 
of  the  lower  windows  to  prevrait  the 
entrance  of  arrows ;  also  the  16th- 
cent.  fireplace  in  printnpal  room  over 
the  cellar,  N.  wing.  The  tower  and 
ball,  the  latter  having  a  fine  open- 
work timber  loof,  sie  partly  in  ruina. 
The  antiquary  mil  also  inspect  with 
interest  the  old  parish  Ghtadk  near  tha 
Castle. 

The  Ludlow  and  the  United  packs 
of  Foxhounds  hunt  the  neighbourhood  : 
and  good  trout  fishing  may  be  had  in 
the  river  Honey,  permission  to  be  ob- 
tained from  J.  D.  Alcioft,  Esq. 
Oars,  Tllti  (Kent),   are  four 


TBE  CBAYS—CBEWKEBNE. 


contignouB  ptJiBhea  eitnated  on  the 
little  river  Cm;,  above  Bexle;.  Tlieir 
order  in  desceuding  the  river  is — Bt. 
Mary  Cray.  SI.  Paul's  Cray,  Foott 
Cray,  and  North  Cray,  The  Boeneij 
of  the  CrafB  is  varied  and  pletuiug; 
there  aie  woods  to  explore ;  hop  gar- 
dens, fruit  £irms,  paper  mills,  to  visit ; 
changes  and  antiquities  to  examine ; 
altogether  a  day  may  bo  very  well 
spent  in  wandering  over  them. 

Foofi  Cray  ia  situated  on  the  Cnij, 
where  it  is  oroBsed  by  the  Maidstone 
I'oad,  11  m.  from  London,  1}  m.  S.E. 
of  the  Sidcnp  Slat,  of  the  S.  E.  Ely. 
(low  line).    Jnn;  the  Tiger's  Head, 

Fooft  Cray  Place,  N.  of  the  Cbnioh 
'  (E.  Elias  Hope,  Esq.),  was  built  1752 
"fiom  a  design  bjPalladio."  Thechief 
feature  is  the  octagonal  hall,  which  * 
the  whole  h^ht  <»  the  building. 

North  Cray  is  about )  m.  ^m  IToof  a 
Gray  Gh.  aoioas  the  fields.  E.  of  the 
ChuToh  is  the  still  extensive  Joyden'i 
Wood. 

Bt.  Mary  Cray  is  a  Stat  on  the 
L.  0.  &  D.  Bly.  The  extensive  and 
complex-looking  range  of  buildings  by 
the  st«ii(m  is  the  paper  mill  of  Messrs. 
JojrnsoQ,  one  of  the  largest  aud  most 
complete  in  the  kingdom,  and  worth 
seeing  if  permissiou  can  be  obtained. 
Close  by  the  mill  is  the  Church,  a 
large  cruciform  building,  with  a  tower 
and  shingled  spire  at  the  W.  end.  It 
Is  of  stone  and  flint,  in  style  late  Deo. 
and  Perp,,  and  was  restored  in  1862. 
S.  of  the  chonoel  is  a  hagioscope. 
There  are  several  remarkable  brauet. 

St.  Pauei  Cray,  ^  m.  N.  of  St  Mary 
Cray,  is  l)eautifiillj  situated  where  tlie 
Btretun  runs  in  a  narrow  valley  between 
the  bills.  The  scattered  cottages 
hardly  form  a  village ;  the  church 
stands  apart  on  the  hillside,  and  the 
most  con^icuons  object  by  the  rivet 
is  the  large  but  not  picturesque  water- 
mill  of  Mr.  W.  Nash. 

The  CAunA  {St  Paul  or  PauHnui) 
will  repy  a  visit  The  chnichyard, 
which  IS  enteied  by  a  modem  lich- 
gate, aCTords  pleasant  views  along  the 
liver.  Observe  the  lock  to  the  ola  oak 
door  of  the  tower,  inscribed, 

U(de  lU)  lock,  1(31.* 


137 


Tiverton. 
Cbeswell,  see  Morpelh. 
Crewe   (Oheabire),  June  Btat 
L.    ie   N.    W.    Bly.,   15S    m.    &om 

London,  with  branch  lines  to  Vt- 
toieler  (N-  Staffs.  Ely.) ;  to  Market 
Drayton  and  Wellington  (G.  W.  Jtly.) ; 
to  Oswestry  and  Weiah  Coast  (Cam- 
brian Hly.).  Jnn:  •'Crewe  Arms,  ad- 
joining station,  very  good.  Crewe  Mouse 
(Lord  Crewe)  is  a  fine  Elizabethan 
mansioii  near  the  station.  It  has  Ixen 
well  restored  in  imitation  of  the 
original,  built  by  Inigo  Jones.  The 
interest  of  the  visitor  will  centre  on 
the  railway  works  of  the  L.  &  N.  W. 
Ely.  Compy.  To  visit  the«e,  a  letter 
had  better  be  addressed  at  lesst  the 
day  before  to  the  Chief  Superinten- 
dent. The  most  interesting  portjotis 
are  tho  Engine  Shed,  the  locomotive 
bctoriea,  and  1  m.  beyond,  the  Steel 
Works.  These  last  are  speci^Iy  inter- 
esting, and  the  visitor  may  have  an  op- 
portunity of  seeing  the  Bessem  er  process 
atwork(aeealsoSft«jB«M).  4  m.  B.W. 
ia  Nanlieich  (Jnn :  I&mb),  whence 
trains  run  to  Whitchurch,  9  m.,  and 
Shrewsbury,  28  m.  The  Chmeh  is  a 
very  fine  cruciform  building  of  14th 
cent.  Sandiack  June,  is  4  m,  N.K. 
(Jnn ;  Wheatsheaf).  Prom  here  the 
tourist  can  proceed  to  Nottkwich  and 
Manchester.  In  the  tovm  are  two  re- 
markable crosses  suppled  to  be  of 
ear^  Saxon  date. 

Crewheme  (Somerset.).  Stat., 
8.  W.Ely.  {There  ia  daily  communi- 
cation 1^  omniboa  with  Beominster, 
6i  m.,  and  JBridpoTt,l2i  m.)  Lmt: 
•George;  BedLion.  The  Caarcft, dedi- 
cated to  St  Bartholomew,  is  one  of 
the  two  finest  cruciform  churches  in 
the  counl?,  the  other  being  at  Ihain- 
star.  It  is  a  beautiful  apecimen  of  the 
Perp.  of  the  15th  cent.,  of  remart- 
able  richness,  the  windows  of  the  N. 
transept  being  especially  worthy  of 
notice.  The  liarmonious  simplicity  of 
the  W.  front,  with  its  octagonal  tur- 
rets, the  W.  door  and  its  ornamentation, 
deserve  particular  attention. 

The  Fra  Grammar  Sdiool,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  church,  was  founded 
1499  by  John  Combe,  a  native  of  Crew- 


CBICCIETS-CBICKLADE. 


quiet,  for  ii 


SitOon  St.  Gtorge  (Earl  Poulett)  iB 
S  m.  N.  W.  It  is  ocoaBionall;  bIiowd. 
The  gaiden  boat  is  attributed  to  Iniga 

3  m.  N.E.  of  Crewkerne  Stat. 
ia  Weit  CItinnoek,  whece  there  is  a 
laige  mauu&ctoiT  of  Bail  cloth.  Along 
the  hill  further  E.  are  the  villageB  of 
Middle  and  Eatt  Chinnock,  all  with 
ehorohcti  of  some  interest.  The  roed 
from  Crowkerne  to  Chard,  8  m.,  afibrda 
a  good  yiew  of  Crewkeme,  together 
with  ila  backgionDd,  Peiidonur 
Dmoa,  and  the  oanical  knoll  of  Crook 
WindiehUlle  Inn,  half-way,  is  a 
faTourite  point  of  view. 

Crlccleth  (CaeraarvoD.),  21m. 
by  rail  from  CaemarroD ;  al«oincluded 
in  L.  and  N.  W.  Saowdon  Ciicaliir 
Tour.  Inn  :  George  IV.  A  desirable 
watcrinn^-place  for  those   who  prefc 

'  '    '      "s  pure  air   and  bciltties 

i8oftbeCa<(I«,aaid  to  be  temp. 
BdwHrd  I.,  conaiating  of  a  few  frag- 
ments of  wall,  and  a  gateway  with  two 
lather  naBsive  towers,  are  finely  situ- 
ated on  tongue  of  high  rook  mnning 
out  into  the  sea;  the  view  flrom  it  of 
the  opposite  coast  is  extensiTe  and 
beantiful. 

Excu.riiom.—1o  PwUheli 
beautiful  coast  walk  affording  lovely 
views  of  opposite  coast ;  at  2  m.  W. 
the  UwjGich  and  Dwyfewr  rivers  are 
orofised  at  village  of  LlanystumdtBy, 
tk  sweetly  sitnated  little  spot,  with 
church  almoat  covered  with  ivy;  SJ 
m,  further  on,  on  rt.,  is  Broom  Salt 
(Owen  Evans,  Esq.) :  I^  m.  beyond 
which  is  village  of  JbtrerA,  with  pic- 
turesque Church,  with  remarkably 
long  N.  aisle  and  a  bell-tower ;  IJ  m. 
farther  on  is  Pwllheli.  To  Nevin, 
16  m.,  a  fishing  village  at  foot  of  Cam 
Bodnan  (Jnn .-  Ty  Carrig) ;  at  about 
2  m.  beyond  Llanystumdt^  (Bee  ante], 
a  road  of  4  m.  leads  to  Four  Crouet, 
whence  it  is  8  or  9  m.  fo  Nevin.  To 
YrEifi,  &•:.,  about  12  in.;  a  road  rt. 
tVom  Four  Croieea  leads  4  m.  to  village 
of  LlanaeBtalant,  whence  ascent  of  Yr 
Eifl  may  be  made :  from  hence,  those 
who  wish  to  make  a  longer  excurBion 
may_  pioceed  to  Nevin  by  baiutifiil 
Kutb  of  about  7  m.,  visiting  tho  pass 


Uda  Chnrch  of  FittM  (see  PwUheU 
and  Cli^nog).  To  Ft^tmadoe,  5  m., 
passing  at  S  nt.  Femaorfa,  with  its 
Church;   from  Portmadoc  tile  excur- 

eitended   about  S   m. 

passing  at  6}  m.  Pont 
Aberglasllyn,  or  (2)  7  m.  to  Ihn-j- 
bvjlch.  An  oicurHioii  of  about  7  m. 
may  be  made  to  Dolbenmaen,  by  pro- 
ceeding to  Llanystimidwy.  and  uience 
foLowing  course  of  the  Dwyfawr,  on 
banks  of  which  some  oiomlechs  still 
exist.  An  excursion  may  also  be  made 
by  rail  to  Santlle  (see  Caernamoii), 
for  NanOle  Lakeg  and  Llyn  Cwdlyn ; 
hence  the  tourist  maypioi^ed  through 
pass  of  Drat-y-Coed  to  Pont  Shyddu, 
whence  he  may  (I)  return  1  m.  to 
Nantlle  ;  or  (2)  proceed  9  m.  to  Caer- 


„(3>  t 


Pv^lheli,  Caernarvon), 
CaiUKBOWELL,  see  Brecon. 
Crlcklade  (Wilts.),  3  m.  rt  of 
e  Purton  Stai,  G.  W.  Ely.  Inn: 
White  Hart.  Thia  town  ja  situated  on 
the  leii,  10 J  m.  from  W.  Cnidwell,  one 
of  the  sources  of  the  Thames,  and 
about  as  far  from  Bt.  John's  Bridge 
loar  Lechlade,  the  terminus  of  the 
iver  navigation.  Itis  a  phkoe  of  great 
intiquily,  and  was  once  a  famous  seat 
of  learnmg.  According  to  tradition, 
the  University  of  Oxford  is  said  to 
have  been  established  by  the  migra- 
tion tbitlier  ot  the  claasica]  professors 
of  Groeklade  (Cricklade)  and  LaUn- 
lode  (Leehlade). 

St.  Sam»oH't  Church  is  crtioifonn, 
with  pinnacled  central  tower.  The 
lantern  is  internally  decorated  with 
armorial  shields,  and  contains  a  curious 

Dotcn'Avtpney,  2  m.  N.,  the  pro- 
perty of  IjOiS  St.  Germans,  is  sitnated 
on  the  border  of  the  county,  the 
gardens  being   partly  in  Glouoestet- 

The  Great  HaU,  now  a  kitchen, 
bears  date  1537;  and  the  Gate-houM 
is  apparently  temp.  Hen.  VIII. 

Contiguous  to  the  mansion  is  the 
Church  of  Down-Ampney,  inpart  the 
original  Templar  building.  The  camp 
of  CaiUe  EiU  ia  4  m.  S.E. 


CROMER— CBOilFOSD. 


129 


Croft  Spa,  eeo  DarliagUin. 

Cromer  (Norfolk).  Jnni.- 
'Hotel deParia;  Tucker's;  Bellevae. 
Stat  G.  E.  Bl;.,  21  m.  from  Norwich. 
A  fishing  tilukge,  which  hog  become 
nneh  teqnentod  aa  a,  bathing-place. 
It  ia  quiet,  and  the  landward  scenery 
J8  very  pretty,  and  for  those  who  prefer 
fine  sea  and  pleasant  scenery  to  the 
attractions  of  large  wateriog  "towns," 
it  ia  the  most  agreeahle  re^rt  on  the 
eiuilem  coaat  Cromer  stands  high, 
bnt  is  sheltered  by  wooded  hills,  and 
commands  a  view  of  the  bay  culled  the 
"Devil's  Throat."  The  cMb  are  lofty, 
occasionally  200  ft,  high,  and  the  sea 
ia  advaucinK  upon  the  land  with 
alarming  rapidity. 

The  SipUinade  is  a  pleasant  walk, 
and  the  new  from  (he  end  of  the  .jetty 
is  very  pictaresque  and  un-EneliBh, 
The  bathiug  is  good.  To  the  ^Togist 
the  shore  and  cUfta  are  full  of  interest. 

The  Ch.  is  a  fine  Forp.  bnUding  of 
flint  and  freestone,  having  a  tower 
159  ft.  high,  with  a  poculisj  and  rich 
Kirapet.  The  chancel  ia  in  ruinH. 
From  Cromer  Jetty  the  Noraich  Crag 
rises  to  the  top  of  the  cliffs  at  Wev- 
imime,  7  m.  N.W.  A  remarkable 
Forett-bed  rests  on  the  chalk,  B.  of  the 
jetty.  The  interior  of  the  ob.  is  very 
fine,  and  mnst  have  been  superb  when 
the  chancel  was  standing. 

The  iBa&t  in  the  neighbonihood  are 
numerous  and  pleasant. 

The  LighOiouie  on  the  high  ground, 
about  1  m.  E.,  should  be  visited,  and  a 
continuation  of  the  walk,  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Sideatrand  (poil),  will  afford  ei- 
oellent  proof  of  the  rapidity  with  which 
the  cliffs  are  receding.  Enormous 
masses  of  "land-slip"  are  seen,  partly 
in  ruins  on  the  beach  below,  and  partly 
resting  half-way  down. 

Ftotu  the  lighthouse  a  field-path 
may  be  followed  to  Orvrttrand,  2  n 


(b,  fialiing  village),  and  Trimingham, 
where  the  cliffs  are  300  fL  high. 

1  m,  S.  of  Overstrand  is  tforlA  Beppi 
HaU  (L  H.  Gumey,  Esq.).  It  was 
the  seat  of  the  late  Sir  T.  Fowell 
Buxton,  Bart,,  so  well  known  for  his 
^orla  to  extinguish  Atrican  slavery. 


raa  buried  in  the  mined  chancel 

of  the  little  ch.  of  Overttnaid.  The 
old  walls  overrun  with  ivy,  the  build- 
ing itself,  and  the  Burrouadiug  scenery, 
are  highly  pictuieaque. 

On  the  otner  side  of  Cromer,  a  jilea- 
sant  walk  may  be  taken  to  Felbrigm, 
21  m.  (the  oh.  ia  1  m.  further).  CftJto 
tbe  road  that  paaaea  Cromer  HaU  (B. 
Bond  Cabell,  Esq.),  and  then  running 
througli  the  woods  leads  to  the  lodge 
at  Fmrigge  Park  (John  Kotton,  Esq.), 
The  house  was  the  ancient  seat  of  me 
Felbriggea  and  the  Windbams,  The 
ch.,  a  small  Perp.  building  in  the 
oomer  of  the  park,  contains  some  re- 
markable branet.  A  plenaant  drive 
may  be  taken  to  Sheringham  (Zi  m. 
beyond  Felhrine  Ch.),  returning  by 
J^imfrfonandFelbricge  (about  12  m.). 

Take  the  Holt  road,  and  after  pas- 
sing the  turn  to  Fclbrigge,  1.  a  road 
tunis  rt.  on  an  open  heath,  on  which 
is  an  entrenchment  called  the  "  Roman 
Camp,"  the  view  from  which  is  perhapa 
the  finest  in  Norfolk,  and  should  be 
seen  hy  all  visitors  to  Ciomer.  On 
this  and  the  neighbouring  heaths  are 
hundreds  of  circular  pits,  which  are,  to 
all  appearance,  the  foundations  of  hnts, 
and  probably  mark  the  settlements  of 
a  prinuDval  population. 

At  BeeiUm,  1  m.  N.B.  of  Bhering- 
bam  (8  m.  from  Cnaner),  are  the  ruina 
of  a  priory,  founded  for  Angustinian 
canons,  temp.  John,  Beeeton  Hill  is 
the  highest  point  of  the  cliffs  west- 

Excunion.—  Wellt.  21  m,  via  HoU, 
12  m.,  for  Binham  Abbey  and  Holk- 

Cromford  (Derby.X  Slat,  (for 
Wirkswotth,  3  m.).  Midland  Hly. 
Inn :  Greyhound.  Close  to  the  Crom- 
ford  Bridge  over  the  Derwent  is  WH- 
lersUy  CatOe  (P.  Arkwright,  Esq.),  in 
a  charming  eitnatioo,  the  gcudeus  and 
grounds  (open  to  visitors  on  Mondays) 
stretching  up  the  sides  of  Wild  Oat 
Tor  and  facing  Scarthing  Tor.  In  the 
ch.  is  the  grave  of  Sir  B,  Arkwright; 
the  inventor  of  the  water-frame  for 
spinning,  and  a  monument  by  Chan- 
trey  to  Mrs.  Arkwright 

Extmnion  to  Bomail,  a.  very  pretty 
village,  with  a  curiously  omamentea 


130 


CBOSB  t—GBOYDOS. 


Kpire  to  the  ch.  Jnn:  P^  of  Lead. 
Ascend  Matum'i  Sm  (1100  ft.  above 
eea)  and  descend  on  MaUoek  (i     ' 

CaOBatLL,  Bee  Wickaar. 

Crosby  (Lane),  1|  m.  &om 
OroBbj  Stat,  L.  4  Y.  Bly.,  L'mol  and 
Southport  Branch  ( Jnn .-  Blimdell 
Anna) — is  amuch  frequented  watering- 
place.  A  Bbort  dlBlance  N.  is  LitUe 
Crosbf,  where  Iheca  is  a  beautiftU 
Rom.  Cath.  Ch.  A  little  further  N.  U 
IneeBlandeU  HoU  (T.Weld  Blondell, 
Esq.),  oonbdning  a  magnificent  collec- 
tion of  Bcolptnre  and  paintings,  and 
some  splendid  tapestry. 

Cbobcoube,  sec  Shephm  JSaHet 

Cross  Foies,  see  BoJgeUey. 

Choss-ik-hahd,  aee  JtfajySeW. 

Ceosthwatte,  see  Ketaidc. 

Crocch  Ein>,  aee  Eomtey. 

Crdwcoube,  seo  TauTiton. 

Crowhubst  (Snrrey),  see  Croydon. 

Cbowhckst  (Sussex),  see  Eaitingt 

Croxden  A^et,  see  Hocnter. 

Croydon  (Surrey)  a  markel- 
town  on  the  Brighton  road,  10  m.  &om 
London.  Innj:  Oreyhound  (chief); 
Crown ;  King's  Arms.     Croydon  has  " 


West  CToySon  Stat.,  at  tlio  entrance 
the  toivn  in  the  tondon  road,  which 
serveJi  also  for  the  WinibledoD,  Croydon, 
and  Epaoro  branch  of  the  L.  &  S.  W. 
Bly.,  and  is  the  principal  statioa  for  the 
passenger  tiafilc  with  London  ;  Wad- 
tZon,theeitTemeW.,isontbe  same  lino; 
Thondon  BeaSt,  in  Oolliera-Wnter-Iano 
at  tho  eztremo  N.,  and  Selhnrit,  ate 
Stats,  on  tho  Strenthnm  Common 
branch;  Eail  Croydon  Stat.,  Addis- 
combe-Toad,  is  for  the  Brighton  and 
S.  E.  main  lines.  Nea  Croydon  Slat., 
alongside  the  E.  Croydon,  and  roally  one 
station  with  it.  and  South  CToydon  Slat., 
at  the  eitrema  S.  of  tho  town,  are  for 
Brigbtoa  and  S.  E.  short  tmffic.  Ad- 
Junmi&e  Stat.,  CIvde-road,  Upper 
Addiscombe-road,  about  }  m.  E.  of 
the  B.  Croydon  Stal,  is  for  the  Beck- 
enham  and  Hid  Kent  Line  of  the  S.  E. 
Ely.  By  one  or  other  of  these  stations 
ready  aoceis  is  given  to  any  part  of 
the  town  and  its  inunediate  vicinity, 
and  &om  them  all  over  300  trains 
•le  despatched  daily. 


It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 

The  Town  Hall,  m  which  the  assizeB 
are  held,  is  a  substantial  Bemi-classical 
edifice,  built  in  1809  by  S.  P.  Cock- 

A  new  Ch.,  tnaa  the  designs  of  Sir 
G.  O.  Scott,  was  opened  in  1870,  in 

CDe  of  the  fine  old  ch.  deatnmHi  by 
,  1867.  The  tower  at  the  W.  and 
the  porch  at  the  8.  are  the  old  tower 
and  porch  restored.  The  tower  ia 
100  ft.  high  to  the  parapet,  and  121  ft. 


effect.  There  is  a  peal  of  8  musical 
bells,  wilh  improved  machinery  for 
playing  the  chimes,  and  a  finger  board 
forplaying  by  hani 

The  remains  of  the  Palace  of  the 
ArebbishopB  of  Canterbury  are  behind 
the  ch.  It  ceased  to  be  used  even  as 
an  occasional  residence  &om  the  elec- 
tion of  Abp.  Seeker  in  17S8,  and  lay 
quite  deserted  till  sold  by  anctirm 
under  the  provisions  of  an  Act  of  Par- 
liament in  1780.  Addinglon  Park, 
8^  m.  from  Croydon,  the  present  ar- 
chiepiscopal  residence,  was  purchased 
in  1807.  In  its  original  state,  the 
palace,  with  its  offices,  formed  an  ir- 
regular quadrangle,  D^mut  156  it.  front 
E.  to  W.,  and  126  ft.  from  N.  toS.  Of 
tho  existing  remains  the  Guard  Cham- 
ber (1336-1113),  the  Hall  (1M3-52), 
and  the  Chapel  (1633-63),  are  worth 
seeing.  The  H<Ul,  now  attached  to  a 
great  washing  and  bleaching  esta- 
blishment, is  of  Perp.  character,  and 
lias  its  timber  roof  tolerably  perfecL 
The  Guard  Chamber,  50  ft,  by  22  ft., 
having  near  the  centre  on  one  side  a 
largo  bay  window,  and  on  the  other 
a  lofty  fireplace,  has  been  a  fine  room, 
bat  is  now  divided  Ibr  laundry  pur- 
poses. A  little  N.  ia  the  chapel,  now 
used  as  a  school. 

Whitgift'i  Hospital  end  school  stand 
in  the  higher  part  of  the  town. 

Waddon,  on  tho  Wandle,  1  m.  W. 
of  Croydon  Ch,,  is  a  pretty  spot,  and 
tho  w^  b;  the  Wandle,  pest  Waddoit 
Mill  to  Beddington,  2  m.  (the  old 
manor  of  the  (]arewE),  is  eitremelj 
pleasant  The  river  here  used  to 
afford  some  good  fishing.  At  Wad- 
don  (Stat)  is  an  Itm,  Oie  Hare  and 


DALTOK—DABLINGTON. 


131 


Hounds,  in  some  favonr  with  holiday 
makers. 

CarehaHon  (pronoQDced  CayahorUm), 
Stat,  on  the  Croydon  ft  Epsom  bmnah 
of  the  L.  B.  4  8.  C.  RIy.,  1  m.  W.  of 
Beddingiton,  ia  a  pleasant  village, 
agreeably  Bitaatcd,  vith  the  scenery 
around  unusually  varied.  Inn;  Tbe 
Greyhound. 

The  Church  (All  Saints)  is  laive 
and  interesting ;  partly  of  the  E.-B. 

Tba  Wandla  flows  through  the 
pariah,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  vil- 
We  forms  a  lake  of  over  2  acres, 
which  being  bridged,  and  skirted  with 
elms,  cedars,  and  willows,  imparts 
character  and  beauty  to  the  place. 

There  is  a  charming  walk  to  Grow- 
bfun  Hill  and  Crowhnrst,  about  1  m. 
S.E.  of  Cioydon.  A  portion  of  Uup- 
pa't  Hill,  W.  of  the  town,  has  been  set 
apart  as  a  public  recreation  ground. 
It  affords  extensive  views,  and  there  is 
a  pleasant  stroll  item  it  over  Banstead 
Dawns. 

A  very  pleasant  exourBion  may  be 
made  from  Croydon  to  Sand^raUad, 
3  M. :  tbence  to  AddingUm,  2  m.  far- 
ther, and  West  Wickham,  1  m.,  re- 
turning to  Croydon  by  way  of  ShirUy 
£a:  Bandrock  H.),  2  m.  from  E. 
ydon  Stat.  The  entire  distance  is 
about  10  m. 

The  views  from  SanderHead,  576  fl. 
■above  the  sea-level,  are  worth  seeing. 

CBnHLiN,  see  Neieport  (Mor.)  and 
PoniypooL 

Cbummock  Water,  seo  Ji^iimVA. 

Crtbtai.  Palace,  sco  Si/denlaim. 

CTJDLlSDwr,  seo  Oxford  (Kxcurs.). 

CDI.BONE,  see  Lyntoa. 

CvLBAH,  see  AMiiiidan. 

Cin.LBSC0AT8,  eee'Tynemoalh. 

CvUiOHFTON,  see  Titterton. 

Cdlmstocb,  see  TiTtertoa. 

GcBBT  BiVAL,  see  Langpoii. 

CcBT,  see  Helelon. 

CwK  Btohas,  see  IMgeUey  and 
Barlech. 

CnfUEit  Abbey,  see  DdgslUy. 

Dale  Abbey,  see  Spondoa. 

DALLiHaTON,  see  May)ield. 

DnlWn  (Lane.)— tj tat,  Fnmesa 
Hly.  (Jnn;  Wellington)— is  a  small 
town  m  the  very  heart  of  the  htema- 


ion  district  The  Cattle,  in  the 
market-place,  is  a  2-storied  Deo.  build- 
ing, now  used  as  B  prison.  In  the  ch.- 
yd.  is  the  grave  of  Itomney,  the  painter, 
the  stone  inscribed  "  pictor  celeberri- 

ewnUm*. — 10  min.  t^  vail  to  VU 
teriton ;  3  m.  to  F^ameu  Abbey. 

Daltoh  Holme,  see  Beverieu. 

Danbdbv  Hill,  see  Chdrnt/ord. 

Dnrllnirton  (Durham),  232  m. 
from  King's-croes  rid  York,  or  257 
m.  from  St.  Pancrna  via  Leicester  and 
York ;  37  min.  by  rail  from  Durham ; 
.')0  min.  from  Newcastle ;  21  hra.  from 
Leeds ;  1  br.  10  min.  from  York ;  and 
railway  junction  for  Barnard  Castle, 
Bishop's  Anckland,  Stockton,  and 
Hartlepool.  Omnibus  and  flys  to  town, 
i  m.  from  station.  Inn :  *King's  Head. 
At  one  end  of  the  large  and  irregular 
matket-ploce,  in  centre  of  the  town, 
and  on  S.  bank  of  the  Skeme,  is 
the  magnifloent  CoUegiaU  Ch.  of  St. 
Cuihhert,  restored,  in  1865,  by  Scott. 
The  original  building  is  12th  cent., 
but  the  walls  of  the  nave  aisles  are 
ISth  cent,  as  also  the  tower  and  spire. 
To  the  Dec.  period  belongs  the  mas- 
sive alone  gallery  of  the  ancient  rood- 
loft,  with  wide-ribbed  archway  in  its 
centre  leading  from  the  nave  to  the 
chancel.  Observe,  N.  of  altar,  orna- 
mented arch  for  the  Easter  Sepulchre, 
and  the  stalls  in  chancel  carved  with 
arms  of  Bishop  Longley.  N.  of  ch.- 
yd.  is  a  curiously'dccoroted  old  brick 


l«ciitbei]ist  on  which  locomotivcBW'.  . 
used,  and  it  owes  to  that  its  sudden 
rise  in  industry  and  prosperity  and 
the  increase  of  its  Top.  from  «500  in 
1830  to  34,000.  Here  are  laotories  for 
making  and  repairing  locomotives  and 
rolling  stock;  btast-fumaces,  obtain' 
ing  iron  ore  lixim  Cleveland,  and  awl 
from  8.  Durham;  rail  milla,  rolling 
mills  for  making  iron  plates  and  bars, 
iron  forgings  for  rly.  axles,  &c 
Besides   the   old  cb.,  four  modem 

The  Quakers   are  here  numerous, 
wealthy,  end  inflneutial. 
Eecm-nOBt. — 1  m.W.  of  Darlington, 


132 


VASLINGTOK. 


and  i  m.  8.E,  orCockerton,  is  Carmd 
Souie,  oc:cupied  as  a,  convent  by  OiLr- 
melile  nniia ;  the  cbapel  ia  ricbly  or- 
namealed.  The  walk  or  drive  may 
be  candDDed  6  m.  b>  HeigkingUm,  in 
Ck.  of  which  observe  Norm,  windowfl 
in  toivei,  good  Norm,  arch  at  entnnce 
of  tbe  chancel,  and  fine  inscribed 
wooden  pulpit,  dating  froni  before  the 
Eeformation,  The  tourist  may  return 
to  Darlington  by  rail  (15  min.)  from 
Aycliffe  Stat,  which  is  about  1}  m,  it, 
of  the  ch.     In  Aycliffe  cb.  obBerve 

Eevra  of  date  1600,  and  figure  of  croBH- 
gged  knight  in  chancel ;  also  in  ch.- 
yd.  2  lemaikablo  fr^ments  of  Saxon 
croBseg.  To  Biikop  Auckland  by  rail, 
(30  min.).  To  Bamard  Caatle,  by 
SlaindTop,  &c.  A  drive  may  be  made 
to  Staindrop,  12  m,,  poaEing,  at  about 
4  m.,  village  of  High  Conudige.  The 
Ch.,  E.  E.,  with  good  apire,  is  quaintly 
situated  at  extremity  of  chain  of  low 
limeatone  cliffs,  and  ie  peculiarly  loDg 
for  the  widtb;  the  chancel  has  some 
carved  bIaIIb.  1  u.  farther  on  ia  the 
pretty  village  ot Fiercdiridge  (Stat,),  on 
site  of  tbe  Roman  station  of  Magis.  and 
neat  the  Roman  road  of  Watling-Btreet. 
The  Teea  is  here  crossed  to  Cliffe,  in 
Yorkshiie,  by  a  bridge  of  3  arches.  2} 
m.  further  on  is  Uie  village  of  Gaitiford 
(Stat.),  btautifully  Bituated  near  tlie 
Tees.  The  ch.,  date  1300,  was  restoted 
1S62,  when  a  Boman  inscribed  atone 
wasfonnd  worked  up  in  the  tower  arch. 
At  W.  end  of  village  ia  the  picturesqne 
Gainford  Hall,  with  Cradock  arms 
over  N.  door,  li  ra.  further  on  ia 
Sellaby,  the  old  seat  of  the  Bracken- 
burya.  About  1  m.  further  on  is  Win- 
a(on,  in  ch.  of  which,  beautifully 
situated  on  Tees,  ia  font  scnlptnied 
with  dragons;  the  river  ia  here  crossed 
byabridgeof  a  single  aich,  112  ft.  span. 
The  tourist  may  also  proceed  direct 
to  Winston  by  rail  (20  min.),  where 
omnibus  waits  for  Staindrop,  about 
'2  m.  distanL  After  visiting  Staindrop 
and  Rahy  CatU^  whiob  is  close  by, 
tlie  tourist  may  walk  or  drive  to  Ear- 
nard  Cattle,  abbut  7  m.,  pasedn;;  nearly 
midway  Straillam  Catlle  (all  described 
under  Bantard  Cai&e).  To  Bardr- 
tndie  Eail,  BedgeSM,  and  Windletlone 
HaU.    Take  rail   to  Bradbury  Stat. 


(25  min.),  whence  it  is  2  m,  E.  to 
Hardwicke  HaU  (C.  Bmmwell,  Esq.), 
with  pork,  lake  of  3(t  acres,  and  Gothic 
and  Grecian  temples,  one  of  which  ia 
adorned  witli  busts  of  celebrated  men. 
At  E.  end  of  lake  is  the  Banaueliitg 
Hall,  of  Corinthian  order,  and  fitted 
up  with  paintings  of  gods,  &c.  IJ  m. 
E.  of  Marciwiche  is  the  handsomo  re- 
stored Ch.  of  Sedgejield.  Observe  co- 
lumns of  the  nave,  with  foliated  capi- 
tals, of  date  1200,  the  rest  of  tie 
building  being  later.  See  also  £ne 
canopied  screen  in  chancel,  and  the 
font.  About  2J  m.  S.E.  of  Sedgefield 
is  Wynyard  Park  (see  Slockton). 
From  Bradbury  Stat  may  also  be 
visited  WiiidletUme  HaU.  5  m.  W.  (see 
Biikop  Auckland),  posdne;,  at  4}  m., 
RuAyford  Inn.  To  StooWoiMJn-rees, 
about  II  ra.  by  road,  or  30  min.  by- 
rail.  Taking  the  road,  at  31  m.  is 
village  olSaSberge ;  3  m.  beyond  which 
is  iong  NeaUm  Ch,,  with  monomenta 
to  Marquis  of  Londonderry,  by  Afotih', 
imd  the  Vanes  J  2  m.  further  on  is 
Elton  Ch.,  with  cfflgy  of  knight  in 
armour;  2J  m.  further  on,  Stockton. 
To  IHmdjde,  Sockbume,  &c.  Take  tail 
(1  hr.)  to  Middleton  Stat.,  whence 
omnibus  runs  to  little  inn  at  Mid^Be- 
Um-one-ltois,  beantifnlly  situated  on 
the  Tecs,  a  convenient  place  for  those 
who  wish  to  drink  the  waters  of  Ding- 
dale  Spa  (2}  m.  S.  of  Middleton  Stat.), 
in  retired  spot  on  banks  of  ths  Tees, 
where  is  a  bath-house.  Tbe  Ck.  has  a 
good  incised  cross;  near  it  is  a  Manor 
Bouse  of  the  Place  fiunily ;  below  the 
village  may  be  seen  in  the  river-bed, 
at  low  water,  the  foundations  of  the 
old  Poantey'a  Bridge.  1  m.  beyond 
Dinsdole,  ia  loveW  Bitnation  neai  river, 
are  remains  of  7^  Leper't  Bath,  tho 
waters  of  which,  impregnated  with  sul- 
phur, are  said  to  turn  those  who  bathe 
in  them  green  or  wbite.  IJ  m.  S.W. 
of  Dinsdale  is  Neailuim,  where  ara 
foundations  of  an  old  Buncdictiue  nun- 
nery. 4  m.  S.  of  Dinsdale  is  Sock' 
bume,  begirt  on  2  sides  by  the  Tees, 
famous  for  its  legend  of  the  "Soci- 
bmme  Worm,"  5ain  by  Sir  John 
Conyeis ;  the  falchion  he  used  is  now 
preserved  at  Matfen  Hall,  6  m.  N.  of 
Corbridge    (Northumberland).       Thij 


DABTMOOR. 


rained  arclieH  of  the  old  chapel  of 
the  manor-houae  of  the  Conyere  alone 
Temain ;  there  are  many  fragments 
of  carving  of  great  anti^uitj.  In  the 
tnodem  manor-bouse  (Sir  E.  Blachett, 
Bart.)  la  efHgy  of  croas-legged  knigbt, 
ot  13th  cent.  A  magniflcent  chest- 
nut, aaiil  to  be  1100  years  old,  ii 
called  ttie  Widiing  Tree.  From  Sock- 
hume  return  to  Darlington,  either 
(1)  by  dLreut  road  7  m.,  or  (2)  ™o- 
ceed  4  m.  to  BttruJortA,  in  ch.  of  wnich 
(on  cliff  overhanging  the  Tees)  is 
aoniunent  to  Wm,  Emerson,  the  ma- 
thematician, aud  his  grave  in  ch.-jd. ; 
there  are  also  2  military  effigies.  \  m. 
ftom  Hurworth  is  Croft  (tfpa)  Blal., 
7  mia.  by  rail  aod  3  xu.  by  road  from 
Darlington;  good  Ttotel  uiere.  It  ia 
eelebrated  for  its  sulphur  baths  and 
mineral  naters,  and  is  a  great  reaort 
for  invalids  during  tlie  summer  monthg. 

Diitancea  (by  rail). — Barnard  Castle, 
*0  miQ,;  WolBingham,  1  hr.;  Hartle- 
pool, 1}  hr.;  Yann,  j  hr.;  Mlddles- 
borougb,  40  min. 

Darltok,  see  Tux/ord, 

Dahbhah,  see  Loweilo/t. 

Dahttngtos,  see  Totnee. 

DArtmoer  (T>evon.)~sa  named 
from  oue  of  tlie  principal  rivers  (the 
Darf)  which  risex  en  it — occupies  au 
areaofaboutl:MI,000acre8.  The  breadth 
of  the  moor,  from  N.  to  8„  is  22  m. : 
the  length.  E.  to  W.,  about  80  m.; 
and  the  mean  elevation  about  ITOO  ft. 
Its  most  striking  features  are  the 
lormouB  rocks  of  gnmite  croira- 
■  hills,  all  distinguished  by 
The  loftiest  of  these  is  Yet 
ir  Okehampton,  20SO  ft.  above 
This  and  otber  conspicuous 
!es  in  all  four  quarters  of  ttie 
moor  are  well  lalculated  to  delight 
all  who  can  appreciate  tbe  grandeni 
of  their  desolate  and  wild  scenery. 
Their  hues  are  ever-changing  and 
indescribably  beaotitlil,  depending  in 
a  measure  on  the  altitude  of  the  sun 
and  the  qieetator's  position  with  re- 
gard to  it  The  climate  of  the  moor  is 
both  cold  and  moist.  In  fine  weather 
and  in  summer,  however,  the  air  is 
bracing  and  moat  delightful,  and  Uiose 
who  find  pleasoie'in  wild  scenery  and 
invigorating  exercise  may  pae^  a  week 


Ton, 


or  more  pleasantly  at  Prince  Town 
(r»»:  Duohy  Hotel,  very  good)  or 
Two  Bridges  (Inn :  Saracen's  Head), 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  moor.  Mo 
tourist  ahonld,  however,  wander  fer 
from  tlio  beaten  tracks  without  a  map 
and  compass.  Thick  mists  come  on 
with  little  or  no  warning,  though  the 
streams  will  generally  afford  clues  of 
safety.    The  danger  6  ' 


aboQud  with  tront,  and  the  moor  itself 
is  Adl  of  interest  for  (he  naturalist 
and  the  antiquary.  Valuable  papers 
on  the  geology  and  antiauities  of  tiie 
moor  wUl  be  Kmnd  in  tue  'Tiansac- 
tioQB  of  the  Gleologicol  Society  of  the 
Plymouthlnetitute'(seeflyniou(h)and 
of  the  Devon  Association.  The  best 
way  of  reaching  the  moor  by  rail  is  on 
the  N.  from  Okehataptim  (lather  more 
than  an  hour's  ride  from  Eieter  vi3 
Yeoford  June. ) ;  on  N.E,  from  Xoretmt 
SampeUad  (32^  m.  from  Exeter  i^ 
Newton  June);  on  6.K,  from  A^- 
hwion  (9}  m.  from  Totnes);  and  on 
W,,  from  Ivtjbridge  (see  Flytaouth)  or 
Tavietoek.  Starting  from  Okehamp- 
ton, the  tourist  shoijd  ascend  Yri  Tor 
{ante),  5  m.  from  the  town  to  summit ; 
visit  Cranmere  Pool  and  the  part  of 
Dartmoor  rotmd  Fur  Tor ;  Selttona 
and  Cateiand  Beacon ;  Lid/ord  and 
Brent  Tor.  A  long  and  ditBcult  day's 
work  is  the  excursion  t^i  the  mysterious 
Oruniaere  Pool,  and  the  wild,  desolate 
region  about  Fur  Tor.  It  is  one  full 
of  interest  for  the  geologist  and  for 
the  lover  of  wild  nature,  but  not  for 
the  ordinary  tourisl  The  ascent  of 
Cav:iand  (or  Cotdaa)  is  easy  from  Btl- 
eUme  or  from  Sticklepalh.  From  the 
former  village,  2  m.  from  Okelian" 


,  the  t 


!   the 


hm, 


descending  on  Tkroicleigh,  where  there 
is  a  flue  Forp.  ch.  tower,  and  an  un- 
usually enriched  priest's  door  S.  of  the 
chancel,  also  good  l.^tli-cenC.  ch.-house 
and  lych-gate ;  and  proceeding  thence 
'     Chagford ;  or — what  is,  perhaps,  a 


and  Watem  for,    If  tbe  ascent  bo 


umde  from  StickUpalh,  i  m.  from  Oke- 
hompton,  where  tlieie  ore  an  ancient 
chapel  with  thatched  roof  and  a  small 
inn,  an  old  ^de-po«t  at  W,  end  of 
the  Tillage  will  direct  the  touiist  along 
the  rivar-baak  to  Taw  Marah,  from 
which  Tftlle;  he  can  steer  direct  to  the 
flummit  of  Coadon  (1792  ft.),  which 
oommaniifl  a  magninoent  view.  The 
mlk  scroM  the  moor  from  Okehamp- 
toQ  to  Prince  Town  or  Two  Bridges 
(ante),  about  12  m.,  is  highly  recom- 
mended. Before  setting  out  on  this 
and  any  sunilar  expedition  over  the 
moor,  the  tourist  should  pioTide  him- 
self with  Uie  ahect  of  the  Ordnance 
Map  containing  Dartmoor,  with  a 
pocket-compass,  and  a  Baak,  and  should 
not  hesitate  to  ask  the  "  natives "  to 
n  him  of  deep  bogi  and  the  chances 


able  objeota,  yiz.,  Lid/ord  Bridge, 
lAdford  Caieade,  aad  Brent  Tw.  Lid- 
ford  (Dartmoor  Imi,  9  m.,  and  Hanar 
Hotel,  the  latter  close  to  the  caatsde, 
jMuQis  11  m.  from  Okehampten,  and 
on  the  rood  to  it  ,ie  passed  6  m.,  a  few 
oottagee,  known  coUeotiTely  as  Lake, 
where,  on  1.  of  road,  in  a  most  pic- 
turesque spot,  called  Tor  Wood,  and, 
2  m.  bejond.  Vale  Doura,  )  m.  further 
on  is  the  Tillage,  the  objects  of  interest 
in  which  are  me  rains  of  the  old  oaslle, 
made,  by  charter  of  Bdw.  L,  the  staa- 
nary  prison  for  DeTonshire,'  and  in 
which  the  infamous  Jeffreys  preeided 
as  iudgei  au  old  weatherneaten  oh., 
and  a  bridge  which  is  one  of  tlie 
mntders  of  the  county,  and  which, 
in  point  of  sitnation,  is  veiy  like 
the  Devil's  Bridge  in  Cardiganshire. 
Sonunble  down  the  rocks  belme  the 
bridge,  by  a  path  entered  by  a  gate, 
the  key  of  which  is  kept  in  the  village. 
Ascend  the  course  of  the  river  (about 
1  m.^  to  Kitet  Fall,  a  smaU  cascade, 
and,  if  an  antiquary,  1}  m.  farther,  to 
Ote  basement  of  an  onoient  hut.  Lid- 
ford  Cascade  is  1)  m.  fiom  Tillage, 
immediately  rt  of  the  Tavistock  road; 
it  is  one  of  the  prettiest  spots  ima- 
ginable. Bmit  Tor  (1100  ft.)  is  2}  m. 
further  on  the  Tavistock  road,  and  is 
capped  by  a  curious  little  weather- 
worn E.-E.  ch.,  the  Tiew  of  the  mooi 


from  which  is  delightful  At  no  great 
distance  ia  the  copper-mine  of  ifu«I 
(pron.  "  Wheal ")  Friendship,  wUdi  is 
well  worth  ayiait.  The  wholcTalleyof 
the  TaTy  abounds  in  piotniesque  sea- 
nery.  By  the  direct  road  from  Okehamp- 
ten to  Lauaeetlon  the  distance  is  IS}  m. 
The  rood  passes,  on  1.,  the  Castle 
(mpra),  and  6}  m.  BridetUya,  where  the 
ch.  (date  U50)  contains  a  good  rood- 
een  of  wood,  and  the  ch.-yard  has  a 
rious  !^^orm.  gateway.  8^  m.  beyond 
the  TUlage  of  lAfion ;  the  ch.  is 
Ferp.,  with  a  good  Norm,  font,  and  in 
the  neighbourhood  the  Lid  and  2  other 
' — '   ■" "    -"--^    -   junction.     At 


will  reach  the  town  of  Launeeaton. 
Since  the  completion  of  the  new  rail- 
way the  tourist  oan  go  direct  to  Ply- 
mouth trotn  Okebamptou,  via  Lidford 
and  Tavistock. 
Another  good  starting-point  for  the 
oor  is  Moreton  Hamfitead,  on  N.E. 
side,  which  is  alao  a  good  oentre  for 
exploring  the  scenery  on  tlie  Biver 
Teign.  From  here  it  Is  rather  more 
than  20  m.  (o  TaTistock,  and  the  pe- 
destrian would  do  well  to  rest  at  least 
one  night  at  Prince  Tovm  (ante),  1 2  m. 
Chagford  (see  Moreion  Hampiiead) 
is  4  m.  N.W.  On  the  rt.,  5  m.  from 
Moreton,  are  the  remains  of  track  loatu 
connected  with  a  pound  80  yards  m 
diameter,  encloaing  2  hat  ciTctee,  1  m. 
beyond  is  Netekoiue — a  small  Inn — and 
adjoining  it  a  rabbit  warren.  2  m..  Poet 
Bridge,  where  the  E-  Dart  erosaes 
the  road,  and  where,  jnst  below  the 
Tillage,  is  one  of  the  most  Interestiiig 
of  all  the  primitive  remains  on  Dart- 
moor, an  ancient  bridge  of  Cyclopean 
architeotore  (see  it  figured  in  Smue^s 
'  LiTes,'  Ac). 

Turn  Bridget  (Inn :  Saracen's  Head), 
2  m.  farther  on,  affords  conTement 
quarters  for  the  angler  or  spottaman, 
Uiough  the  Hotel  at  Prince  Toan, 
2  m.,  is  to  be  preferred  for  superiot 
accommodation.  About  1  m.  up  the 
Dart  from  Two  Bridges  lies  the  lonely 
old  fTood  of  Wiaiaan.  A  short  dia- 
tanee  tnaa  the  Hotel  at  Prince  Town 
stends  the  celebrated  Dartmoi/r  Prison, 
the   original  building  having   been 


for  the  recepGa 
■      For    — ■"- 


1  of 
„  the 
interioc,  an  order  (raadily  procured) 
ftom  the  Home  Offloe  is  ueceesary. 
Here .  also  the  stranger  should  visit 
the  granite  workB  and  quarries  on  W. 
dde  of  N.  Hoaeary  Tor,  about  2  m. 
from  the  hotel,  and  ascend  Great  Mil 
Tor  <1760  ft^  about  1  m.  N.  From 
the  latter,  the  tourist  can  continue  his 
ezcorsioii  to  Okchampton  (ante)  by 
waj  of  FuT  Tor  (2000  ft.),  and  Yet 
Tor,  the  latter  serving  as  his  land- 
mark. 1}  m.  N.  of  the  prison  is  Fiee'i, 
or  Fitz'e,  well.  If  the  touriBt  desire 
to  take  a  very  delightful  though  oir- 
coitoDB  walk  (about  15  m.)  from 
Prince  Town  to  FlynunUh,  he  can 
'  atrite  across  tho  moor  8.  to  Claokyvteli 
Fool  (un&thomable),  to  Sjieepaior  (from 
which,  if  preferred,  the  tourist  may 
make  his  way  through  Meavy  to  Horra~ 
hridge  Slat,,  where  he  will  obtain  a 
beaatifnl  view  of  tho  Walkham  Biver 
Valley),^9A((i>{f  A,  and  descend  Bickleigk 
Vale  (see  PlytaoaOi)  to  his  deetination. 
The  route  is  throngh  one  of  the  most 
beaatifnl  districts  m  the  coontj. 

The  tonrist  wishing  to  enter  the 
moor  from  the  B.E,  must  proceed 
ftom  Tobie*  Stat,  to  Buokfastleigh, 
7  TO.,  or  Ashbnrton,  9)  m.  At  Buck- 
fitstleigh  {Inn :  Khig's  Arms),  the  Ch., 
wUtJt  is  situated  on  the  stmunit  of  a 
Tiiil^  and  the  remuns,  now  inoonsider- 
able,  of  the  Abbey,  are  the  only  objects 
of  interest.  The  neigbbourhood,  how- 
ever, abounds  in  cue  sceneiy,  and 
pleasant  eicursionB  may  be  made  on 
every  side.  Narrow  lanes  with  pleas- 
ing views  will  lead  tie  tourist  to  (2  m.) 
the  village  of  Holne,  which  standa  on 
high  ground  close  under  Dartmoor. 
Observe  in  the  little  Dec  Cli.  the 
cnrioDsly  painted  figures  of  saints  on 
oarred  screen.  At  the  Vloanwe  was 
bom  tbe  author  of  '  Westward  Ho,' 
Off  the  moor  road  tt,,  about  2  m. 
beyond  Holne  (where  a  gaide  may  be 
had  if  desired),  lies  Be^jie  Tor,  iron 
the  Bumnut  of  which  most  striMnj, 
views  are  obtained.  Begainiug  the 
road,  the  tooiist  m^  prooeed  by 
CmaiUya  Tor,  and  PaekmadU  Bridge 
to  Dartmeet,  the  junction  of  the  E. 
and  W.  Dart  livers,  and  thence,  along 


the  banks  of  the  river,  to  .yew  Bridge, 
midway  between  Poet  Bridge  and  Two 
Bridges  («upra).  Dartmoor  Prison  is 
abont  12  m.  Erom  BocWastlBigh — the 
road  lies  onward  from  Dartmeet.  W. 
of  Bnckfastleigh,  Dean  Combe  (2  m.) 
and  WaUaford  Down  should  be  vi^ted. 
From  the  latter  the  tourist  may  find 
his  way  over  the  moors  to  the  Biver 
Avon  and  so  descend  upon  Brent.  The 
town  of  AgtiburUm  (jmu;  Golden 
Lion;  Iioudon)  is  quiet  and  old- 
laahioued,  and  is  as  conveniently 
situated  as  Bnck&stleigh  for  pleasant 
— lursions.  Some  old  houses,  one, 
1/  a  shop,  in  which  Fair&x  lodged 
1646,  and  the  Ch.  of  St.  Andrew, 
fxe  worth  inspection.  Close  to  the 
town,  on  the  Totnes  road,  is  Sounding 
Gate,  where  a  remarkably  clear  and 
lend  echo  may  be  heard ;  also  a  lime- 
stone cavern  of  unknown  extent  on  a 
hrm  called  FridJuimeUi^h.  It  is  a 
charming  exouisioa  (about  10  m.  in 
all)  through  the  Backland  Woodi  (the 
drives  are  open  for  carriages  0017  on 
3  days  a  week)  ;  also  to  Solne  Chaie 
and  village  of  HolTte  (ante);  and  to 


Baeldand  Beacon,  Widdeoombe,  Heyh 
and  iitppon  Tor.  The  Beaoou  (whi 
may  also  be  climbed  on  the  return  from 
Buokland  Woods)  commands  a  pano- 
rama of  singular  interest.  Winding 
round  it  a  cross  road  descends  into 
the  beautiful  valley  of  Wtddeconibe. 
From  here,  on  the  return  to  Anhburton, 
the  tonrist  will  visit  Bippon  Tor  (1E49 
ft.)  and,  2  m.  E.,  Meyhrr.  From 
Heytor  it  is  only  about  3  m.  to  Bovey 
(Stat.).  Proceeding  W.  from  Totnes 
is  reached,  7  m.,  Soulk  Brent  Stat. 
Good  lodgings  are  to  tM  had  in  the 
town,  and  the  moor  in  tbe  neighbour- 
hood is  intJireating.  The  old  Oh.  (re- 
stored) has  an  early  Norman  tower 
and  some  good  fiamboyant  windows. 
On  the  annunit  of  Brent  Hilt  are  some 
ruins  of  a  18th-cent.  ohapeL  Continu- 
ing along  the  line  of  railway,  W.,  is 
E!infls6rSge(post),  2  m.,  whence  an  om- 
nibus runs  daily  to  Dartmouth.  8J  m. 
further  W.  is  Ivy  Bridge,  much,  and 
deservedly,  frequented  in  Bommer 
time.  The  objects  of  interest  here  are 
the  Ivy  Bridge,  the  Biver  Enae  and 
its  glen,  British  antiqmUes  on  Dart- 


136 


DABTMODTE. 


moor,  the  railway  viadaat,  aaH,  3  m.,  the 
twiated  spire  of  EmtingUm.  The  walk 
to  Frince  Town  (about  15  m.)  is  aleo 
recommended.  Tbe  JBrme  should  cer- 
tainly be  explored  as  fur  as  Barford 
Briiige,  2  m.,  aad  the  walk  continued 
to  the  village.  Od  Coryion  BaU,  aboat 
3  m.  N.B.  of  Harford  Ch.,  arc  " 
remains  of  a  Tery  remarkable  m 
meat.coDEdstingof  Tor  8  parallel 
of  Btonea,  and  extending  for  at  looft 
100  yards.  From  Ivy  Bridge  it  is  11} 
m.  by  railway  to  Plymouth, 

nartmoutll  (Devon.),  the  Stat. 
18  at  Kingneear,  lij  m.  from  Newton 
JuuotioD,  and  8J  a.  ham  Torquay, 
whence  there  is  a  steam  ferry  to  Dart- 
moath.  Jniui.'  Castle,  on  the  Qusyi 
Commemial,  New-road,  There  ii 
also  a  convenient  Hotel  abntling  or 
the  railway  at  KingBwear.  Thetownia 
extremely  old  and  beantifuUy  situaeed. 
The  houses  are  built  tier  above  tier  on 
the  steep  hill  running  ap  from  the 
harbour,  and  ore  truly  piotnreaque. 
The  old  ones  in  the  Butter-row,  in 
roese-etreet,  and  in  the  Sbamblea,  or 
Higher- street,  should  be  noticed  by 
the  stranger.  The  town  is  dis- 
tinguished as  tbe  birth -place  of 
KeiCBomea  (a  model  of  whose  steam- 
engine  is  in  the  Museum  of  the  Uni- 
Tenity  of  Glasgow),  and  much  of  the 
carved  wood-work  eg  well  as  otlier 
InteiesliDg  relics  of  the  boose  in  which 
he  Uved  ore  embodied  in  Newcomea 
Collage,  on  the  Ridge  Hill,  Townstall, 
the  residence  of  Mr.  Lidstone.  Other 
objects  of  interest  io  the  town  are  tbe 
Ch.  of  St.  Saviour,  in  which  tbe  visitor 
should  specially  observe  the  door  at 
S,  entrance  with  its  curious  iron-ome- 
ment ;  tbe  stone-pulpit,  the  Boodicreen, 
and  tbe  altar-piece.  The  CatOe  is 
situated  at  the  extreme  point  of  the 
promontory  which  bounds  tbe  entiaooe 
of  the  harbour.  It  consists  of  a  square 
and  a  round  tower,  the  latter  the  older 
ond  supposed  to  date  from  Henry  VII.'s 
reign.  Adjoining  are  the  little  Ch.  of 
St.  Fetroi,  contuining  bq  armorial 
gallery,  and  the  ruins  of  an  aneieot 
manor-house.  On  the  opposite  shore 
of  the  harbour  (the  tourist  shoiUd  re- 
oross  by  the  ferry  to  Kingtwear)  are 
fouudatioiu  of  »  castle  which  evidently 


corresponded  mth  the  existing  ooe, 
and  here   also   should  be    remained 

some  .interestii^  traoes  of  a  lauding- 

Elace,  and  a  gmove  cut  in  the  slat« 
>r  seonring  the  chain  which  was 
formerly  sttetcLed  across  the  month 
of  tbe  harbour.  ThebeautitUgrounda 
and  house  of  Brool^ia  (Mrs.  Packe) 
are  close  by,  and  well  deserve  a  visit. 
The  house  can  only  be  seen  by  special 
permission.  Exaartione  ehonld  by  all 
means  be  made  up  the  Dert  to  Totnet 
(see) ;  to  SUHk  Fleming,  a  m.  S.,  Blael:- 
jiooi,  1  m.  beyond,  another  small  village 
on  a  seolnded  little  bay ;  thence  by 
road  through  the  Tillage  of  Street,  or 
by  path  along  the  cbffs.  to  (3  m.) 
Slapt^m  Sanda  (comfortable  Hotel  at 
N.  end  of  sands),  where  sea-kale  grows 
wild.  If  the  excursion  be  contmued, 
the  tourist  will  arrive,  2^  tn.,  at  Tor- 
eroM  (an  Inn,  and  lodging-housesV  and 
a  little  beyond  at  the  two  seoloded 
little  fishing-hamlets,  Bea»aiid»  and 
Hallmndt.  The  SlaH  (SJ  m.  from 
Torcross)  is  now  soon  reached.  A 
few  ruggod  steps  lead  down  from  the 
Ughthouse  (about  100  ft.  above  tbe 
sea)  to  a  miniature  bay  and  pebbly 
beach.  From  this  promontory,  those 
who  are  fond  of  cliff-scenery  should 
continue  along  the  coast  to  the  Prnteie 
Point,  perhaps  tbe  finest  headland  on 
B.  coast  of  Devon,  and  to  the  pic- 
turesque Tillage  of  Saleombe  (Inn*.- 
Tictoria;  King's  Arms,  both  lather 
humble),  a  distance  of  about  9  m.  The 
estuary  is  sheltered  on  W.  by  tbe  head- 
landofthe.BD2^  From  here  to  the  Boll 
Tail  Ihe  distance  by  water  is  about 
S  m.,  and  tbe  tourist  should,  if  weother 
permit,  hire  a  boat  so  as  to  obtain  a 
good  view  of  the  lofty,  bki^  and 
cavernous  cliff's.  If  he  prefer  to  pro- 
ceed along  tbe  summit  of  the  clitK,  he 
is  specially  warned  of  the  danger  of 
the  hidden  chasms,  called  the  Wind- 
Uaite  Piti,  which  lie  in  bis  path  before 
reaching  Bolt  Tail.  Just  inside  the 
tail,  in  Bigbury  Bay,  is  the  wild  ooTe 
end  hamlet  of  .Hope  (yue/if  Inn).  Piiotu 
here,  the  tourist  may  cither  retraoe 
his  steps  (and  he  will  vet;  probaUy 
be  tempted  to  do  this  by  the  grandeur 
of  this  little-eiploreii  district),  or  make 
his  way  to  Kingthridge  (Jniw ;  King's 


DAWLISH—VHAL. 


137 


Arms;  QoMen  Idoo),  through  the 
Tillage  or  Marlborough  (Ch.  worth  a 
vidt),  or  gain  the  Plymouth  n»d  at 
Modbary  (Jnn:  White  Hart).  The 
diatanoe  from  Kingabridge  to  (a) 
HodbuTj  ia  7t  m. ;  (b)  Totiut,  12  ra. ; 
(c)  Dartmonth,  11  m,  Pljiaouth  is 
auo  easily  reached  from  King»biidgs 
b;  driving  (Tin.)  to  Kingabridge-ioad 
Slat.,  thence  (IS  m.)  hj  train. 

Datcbtt,  see  Thamea. 

Datdtotoh,  eee  Faveriham. 

nuwllHll  (Devon.),  Stat.,Boutli 
Devon  Bly.,  12^  m.  from  Exeter. 
JtMM :  London ;  York ;  BoTal.  A 
amall,  pretty,  and  fashionable  wstei- 
ing-plooe,  picturesque,  and  well  laid 
ont.  Tbe  bonees  are  pleasaatly 
Bitaated  on  each  aide  of  the  stceeni, 
which  flows  'down  tbe  centre  of  the 
Tolley,  and  which  is  croased  at  the 
shore  end,  by  the  Sonth  Devon  Rtj. 
There  is  excellent  bathing,  as  well  as 
good  boating  and  Qshing.  Excariion* 
aboQld  be  made  to  Little  Haldun 
(818  ft.  high),  2  m.  walk  &om  tbe  Ch.; 
to  (ha  gardens  and  gronnda  of  Lut- 
eombe  (P.  R.  Hoare,  Bsq.),  at  tbe  bead 
of  the  valley ;  to  the  promontory  of  the 
Parxm  and  CUrk,  1  m.  W.,  and  !{  m. 
from  TeignmiMth.  It  is  also  a  plea- 
sant walk  to  the  little  watering-place 
of  Starcroat^Ina:  Courtenay  Ainia),  by 
Aahoombe  and  Mamhead,  about  10  m. : 
by  tbe  direct  road  the  distance  is 
Wely  4  m. 

Veal  (£ent).  Slat,  S.  E.  Bly. 
There  ia  no  rail  between  Deal  and 
Dover,  9  m.  S..  but  ooaches  run  4 
ttmeseveryday.  Inm:  Boyali  Blaok 
Horae  ;  Walmer  Castle  (all  second- 
rate).  The  Castle  (now  a  private  re- 
sidence of  Eail  Clanwilliam),  and  those 
of  Sandown  and  Walmer,  were  built, 
all  alike,  by  order  of  Henry  VIII., 
1539.  To  the  N.  of  tbe  town,  on  tlie 
coast,  is  the  site  of  Sandown  Castle, 
which  was  pulled  down  in  18G4,  on 
account  of  the  inroads  of  the  aea.  It 
derived  its  chief   intereat   &om   tbe 


I  Mra,  Hutcbinaou'i 
her  excellent  memoirs,  cheap  edition 
pnhliiifaed  by  Bohn.  Beyond  Deal 
Oeatle,  H.,  U  the  village  of  WatmeT, 


which,  like  Deal,  has  its  upper  and 

lower  towns.  The  lower  town  has 
some  very  pleasant  houses,  and  aa 
a  quiet  bathiug-place,  is  preferable  to 
the  larger  towns  on  the  coast.  Walvter 
CaiOe  (Earl  Granville,  Lord  Warden 
of  the  Cinque  Forts)  ia  mainly  inte- 
resting from  ila  connection  with  the 
great  namea  of  Pitt  and  Wellington. 
The  plantations  round  the  castle 
were  made  by  Pitt.  Whilst  many 
improvements  bave  been  made  in  the 
caatle  by  Barl  Granville,  the  rooms 
ocoupied  by  the  Doke  and  Mr.  Pitt 
are  atill  preserved,  and  are  shown  to 
visitors  when  the  castle  is  not  occu- 
pied. Prince  Talleyrand,  when  a 
visitor  to  the  restle,  is  said  to  bave 
asked  the  Duke's  permission  to  occupy 
Hr.  Pitt's  mom.  The  Prince  fancied 
that  he  had  been  slighted,  in  1792, 
by  Pitt,  and  now  tn  sleep  in  hia  rivara 
bed  was  to  him  the  enjoyment  of  a 
revenge.  The  large  pew  in  tbe  cb. 
at  tipper  Walmer,  immediately  in 
front  of  the  pulpit,  ia  that  which  "  the 
Great  Duke"  used  to  occupy,  and 
about  lialf-way  down  Castle-street  is 
"  the  Doke'a  house,"  which  was 
tenanted  by  the  Dnke  when  Sir 
Arthur  Wellesley.  Notice  alBoNorm. 
chancel  arch  ami  8.  door  of  cb.  1  m. 
beyond  Lower  Walmer  is  small  iishing 
village  of  Kingtdown.  Parallel  with 
the  coast,  and  lying  between  the  N. 
iind  S.  Foreland,  are  tbe  very  danger- 
008  Goodaiat.  The  bank  coDslsb  of 
15  ft.  of  sand,  resting  on  blue  chty, 
"  a  fact  which  seems  to  prove  that  it 
is  a  remnant  of  hind,  and  not  a  mere 
accumulation  of  sea-aand."  —  tiyell. 
Between  these  and  tbe  eonst  are  the 
Downi,  the  largest  natural  Irarbour 
of  refuge  eiisting.  The  shipping, 
ever  changing,  is  most  piotnresqoe. 
Tbe  most  interesting  churcbes  in 
the  neighbourhood  are.  Great  Monge- 
ham,  2  m.  S.W.— notice  espeoially  the 
piscina  and  sedilia ;  Northbtmnie, 
1  ro.  K.E.  bevond,  and  4}  ni.  from 
Deal,  especially  Morthj  tlie  attention 
of  the  arcbteologiiit ;  and  Slumldeii, 
]}  m.  W.  of  Deal,  with  E.-K.  tower. 
Exeurtioni  by  rail  to  Sandwich,  9 
min.,  and  Ilamtgale  and  iUaroofe, 
jhr. 


VMAN  FOREST— DENBIGH. 


t  (Glonceat.)— 
neni^Bt  Stats.,  NevnhEuu,  Awre,  and 
Lydney,  on  the  S,  Walea  Ely.,  aud 
Colefom — iaapiotureequediBtriot.well 
worth  TisilJDg.  It  comprises  26,000 
acres  of  wooded  valley  and  risiDg 
ground,  some  of  the  old  timber  being 
tlie  finest  in  the  kingdom.  The  road 
between  Newnham  and  Houmouth, 
11  m.,  mssea  through  its  wildest  por- 
tions. The  i^i«ecA-AouBe  Jnn,  or  King's 
Lodge,  in  the  centre  of  the  district,  is 
where  theTerdarera  meet  who  manage 
the  aOairs  of  the  Forest  There  are 
very  valuable  coal  and  iron  bedg,  the 
latter  worked  in  lat^  caverns  by  the 
BomaoB.  The  tourist  who  is  fimd  of 
wild  woodJand  scenery  may  lose  him- 
self for  days  in  the  reoeeeea  of  the 
Forest,  and  thence  follow  the  backs  of 
the  Wye,  either  down  to  Chepdme,  or 
W  to  JUbnnKmlA  and  Bot»  (see  Wye 
Tour). 

DEBRHOtsr,  see  Teuikeihary. 

DELAFRii  AsBEY,  Bee  Sorthomplon. 

DenblR-Ii  (Denbigh.)  —  Stat., 
209  m,  &om  Eoslou-square,  via  Ches- 
ter; 1)  hr.  by  rail  &om  Chester. 
(imu .-  Crown ;  Bull) — the  capital  of 
the  coDDty,  on  a  steep  hill,  up  which 
a  broad  street  leads  to  the  summit,  on 
which  are  scanty  ruins  of  the  Ca»tle 
(temp.  Edw.  I.),  conMsting  chiefly 
of  Uie  immense  gateway.  Charles  I. 
stopped  Iwro  in  1645,  after  battle  of 
Eowton.  AboTo  the  entrance,  which 
is  between  2  octagonal  flanking 
towers,  is  statne  of  Eail  of  Lincoln, 
the  founder.  In  interior  of  the  gale- 
way  is  an  octagonal  bnilding,  vaulted 
apparently  from  a  central  pillar.  A 
a^m  enttance-fee  is  demanded  fbr 
keeping  the  ruins  iu  repaii 
views  bom  the  walls,  portici 
the  S.  and  S.B.,  embrace  th 
range  of  the  Clwrdian  hills,  with  vale 
beneath.  Close  by,  within  preoincts 
of  the  castle,  is  the  Ch.  of  St.  Hilary, 
once  the  garrison  ohapel.  In  interior 
observe  arcade  of  5  olliptio  arches, 
and  on  each  side  of  chancel  arch  2 
"squints,"  i.«.,  openings  to  let  peoph 
in  cava  or  aisles  see  devation  of  the 
Host  at  the  hi^b  altar.    A  little  to 


i> 
for  a 


Leicester.  At  E.  end  of  town  la  an  old 
deseorated  ch.,  called  the  AIAey,  for- 
merly a  house  of  Carmelite  friars, 
founded  in  12S9,  by  John  Salisbury 
of  Llewenny,  wh<»e  fiimily  msusolenm 
it  formed  till  a  ueutury  or  so  ago ;  it 
still  retains  its  sedilia,  piscina,  and  a 
large  Perp.  E.  window. 

Ezeuniont. — To  8l.  Aeapb,  by  high 
road,  6  m. ;  the  pedestrian  may  vary 
this,  by  turning  1.  &om  the  hSgix 
road,  close  by  Font^-AUtgoch,  4i 
and,  proceeding  tbrongh  lovely 
scenery,  along  banks  of  the  Elwy, 
abont  1  m,,  to  the  well  of  F/nrvm- 
fair,  and  thence  about  2  m.  to  the 
Ce/n  caves,  whence  it  is  3  m.  to  .St. 
Ampb.  A  beautiful  eioursion  of 
18  m.  may  be  made  to  JHoM  (f  hr.  by 
railway),  by  way  of  Bodfari,  Ytcafiog, 
and  Naytnen^.  To  Caerviyi,  start- 
ing by  preceding  route,  at  about 
7  m.,  a  little  beyond  Maesmynan,  a 
road  of  1  m.  leads  1.  to  Caerwys,  the 
oradleofEisteddfadau.  The  eicuraion 
may  be  continued  to  HolyvKU,  5  m.  be- 
yond. Toiiuthin,  8  m.  Several  beauti- 
ful exoureions  may  be  taken  into  Hie 
romantic  scenery  of  the  W.  and  8.W., 
the  scenery  of  the  vale  of  Aled  and 
its  tribut^y  brooks;  (a)  1  m.  1.  is 
Gxoaenyaog,  the  seat  of  tiie  Myddleton 
family,  where  is  a  monument  to  Dr. 
Johnson,  some  lines  written  by  whom 
aro  still  extant  over  the  door  of  a 
cottage ;  1  m.  beyoud  is  Eriviatt  (J.  F. 
Ffbnlkes,  Esq.),  and  3  m.  further  still 
a  itmd  L  turns  to  lovely  little  vOlage 
of  Naiilglyn,  where  is  an  ancient 
camp,  "  Hln  Ddinbyoh,"  with  an  an- 
cient road  to  it  The  ch.-yd.  con- 
tains some  splendid  yews,  and  the 
graves  of  Wm.  Owen  Pughe,  the  great 
Welsh  antiquary,  and  his  son.  The 
tourist  can  return  to  Denbigh  by 
another  route,  making  in  all  11  m. 
(b)  A  beautiful  pedeatrian  root*  may 
be  taken  N.W.  to  AbergeU,  by  Uwn- 
aamum,  Lianfair  ToUiaiam  ( Jn»  ; 
Harp),  and  Btitict  Abergde,  which  is 
described  under  Aborgale.  From 
LlanMr  Talhaiam,  the  tourist  may 
also,  if  he  choose,  turn  rt,  and  ex- 
plore  the    Elwy   downwards    to  SI. 

J»aiA   (see),     (c)  To   the    r * 

Ce>,  5  ■       ' 


,  returning  either  direct, 


DEBBT— DEREHAM,  EAST. 


or  bj  SL  Aeaptk,  abont  M  m.  in  all 
(see  SI.  Ataph). 

DUtancti.—St.  Awpb,  J  ht.  by  rail ; 
Bhyl,  )  hr,  bj  njl;  Bathiu,  2U  min. 
by  roil ;  Bhuddlnn,  9  m.,  20  luin.  by 
mil;  CoTwen,  20  m.,  1}  hr.  by  tsU; 
Abergele,  by  road  13  m.;  Llantvist 
22  m. 

DcNHiHOTOif,  Bee  Framlingham. 

Dehne  Abbey,  see  CanUiridge. 

Dbofhau,  see  Wtpnoudiam. 

Oerby  (Derbysh.)— Stat,  Mid- 
land   Bty^    127   m.    from    London ; 


.  •*8t.  James's  H.;  Eojal. 
PoBt-offloa  in  Victoria-rtreet  and  St. 
Jamea's-street — ia  situated  in  an  open 
plain  on  it.  bank  of  ihe  Derwent,  and 
IB  well  built,  with  a  brisk  trade  in 
BtockiDga  and  silk-weaving,  checae, 
aod  iron.  Near  the  Market-plaee  is 
the  Com  Exchange,  and  io  the  N.  is 
Ml  SaitM  Ch.,  with  a  fine  Ferp. 
tower,  174  It,  high,  Xonumetil*  in 
the  Cavendish  chapel  8.  of  chancel : 
(a)  to  H.  Cavendish,  discoreret  of  the 
ohemiotl  constitnenta  of  air:  {b)  Bess 
of  Hardwick,  Countesa  of  Shrewsbury 
(see  Xan^fidd);   (o)  Earl  of  Devon. 


(e)  to  the  Earl,  by  NoOdceni.  In  N. 
<diapel  are  others  by  Bcvliiluu!,  Chan- 
trey,  and  Weitmacott,  Observe  the 
ironwork  torten,  between  chancel  and 
nave.  St.  Alkmund'i  (Deo.)  has  a 
lolly  spire  (200  fL),  and  alabaster 
effisy  of  J,  Bullock  in  gown  and  ruff. 
In  Bilk  Mill-lane,  beloiv  the  Bridge,  is 
the  oldest  Silk  Mill  in  England,  esta- 
blished by  J.  Lombe,  in  1717.  At  tho 
extreme  S.  of  the  town  is  the  Arboretum, 
or  poblic  garden,  given  by  the  late 
Josh.  Strutt,  and  p£nt«l  by  Loudon. 
Free  on  Saturday  and  Sunday;  on 
other  days,  6d.  Notice  tho  "  Headless 
Cross,"  i  steps  crowned  by  a  stone  in 
oeotre,  on  which  money  was  placed 
during  plague  of  1665,  for  relief  of 
infected  ^trlcts.  There  is  a  good 
Mtueam  in  the  Wardwick,  with  aich- 
(Bological  remains. 

Exaanxon  to  Kedl^iUm  Mali  (Lord 
Scaredale),  3  m.  on  Matlook  road. 
Inquire  at  hotels  as  to  days  and  honra 


The  park  and  gardens 
very  fine,  and  the  house  contains 
many  valuable  pointinga.  B«tuni  to 
Derby  &om  either  Duffield  (2  m.), 
Hazelwood  1,3}  m.),  Sliottle  (5  m.),  or 
Wiiksworth  (IOui.}Stats.,  the  country 
walk  to  eech  being  very  pleasant. 

Diilanca  {bj  taiL>— BirnuDgham, 
12}  m. :  Bnxton.  37  m. ;  Nottingham, 
15i  m. ;  Sheffield,  37}  m. ;  Wirks- 
worth,  13}  m. ;  Ashbourne,  13  m.  (by 

Deretaam,  KiMt  (Norfolk). 
Stat.,  Gt.  Eastern  Bly.,  11^  m.  from 
Wymondham  June,  and  about  1^  hr. 
by  tail  jroin  Lynn;  also  June,  fur 
WelU.  Iitni;  King's  Arms;  and 
King's  Head  This  is  one  of  tho  moat 
rising  towns  in  the  county.  It  is  inte- 
resting from  its  flne  CA.,  and  for  its 
associations  with  the  poet  Cowper, 
who  is  buried  here.  The  country 
around  is  pleasing,  and  several  pluoea 
of  interest  aro  within  easy  reach. 

The  Ch.  (dedicated  to  St.  Nicholas) 

oeyettbcless  indebted  for  its  or^^in 
.J  St.  Withburga,  one  of  the  many 
sainted  daughters  of  Anna,  king  6i 
the  East  Angliana.  in  the  7th  cent. 
The  chancel  is  E.  B.,  with  a  Ferp.  E. 
window.  At  the  aid^  of  the  chancel 
aroh  aro  sineular  twisted  shafts  be. 
longing  to  older  (Tram.  Norm.)  work. 
The  central  tower,  with  lanl^n  and 
graceful  arcade,  is  E.  Ferp,,  and  very 
guod.  lu  the  S.  transept  is  a  very 
2ne  Perp.  font  In  tho  N.  transept 
known  as  the  cbapel  of  SL  Edmnnd. 
under  the  N.  window,  is  the  grave  of 
Cooper.  The  Ferp.  8.  poich  should 
be  noticed. 

On  the  &  side  of  the  ch.  stands  an 
enormous  sqoare  tower,  called  "the 
New  Clocker,"  built  in  the  reign  of 
Honry  VII,  when  the  central  tower 
of  the  ch.  was  found  too  weaJc  to  sup- 
port the  bells. 

Close  to  the  W.  end  of  the  ch.  is 
St.  Wilhhtirga'a  Wdl,  the  spring 
which  is  said  to  have  burst  forth  from 
her  grave.  It  is  in  a  small  enclosed 
spot,  aboat  6  It.  below  the  snr&ce,  and 
fall  of  flowers.  A  Congregationalist 
chapel,  called  tho  Cowper  Memorial 
Cli.,.is  built  on  the  site  ot  the  hoate  in 
uAicA  Coviper  died  (Apr.  25, 1800), 


110 


DEVIZES— DINAS  MOWDDWY. 


The  Ch.  of  GreitenhaU,  2i  ra.  N.W.. 
is  K  E.,  irith  BOnie  good  panel  paint- 
ings on  the  screen. 

A  HriTO  (about  12  m.)  may  bo  taken 
to  EUing  Ball,  an  ancient  moated 
mansion,  and  formeriy  the  rcaidence  of 
the  families  of  Foliot  and  Hastings, 
of  whom  the  present  occupant,  B.  C. 
Browne,  Esq.,  is  the  descendant  and 
ropresentativQ ;  thence  by  HylaMh 
fprOD.  Belaugli)  Soli,  returning  by 
Saranlon  Morley. 

Siting  Ch.  is  throughont  late  Dec. 
(corrilinear),  and  is  interesting  to  the 
arehfeolc«i6t  Bylaagh  Hall  (Rev. 
H.  E.  Lcanbe)  is  a  vast  modern 
Italian  house,  with  a  detached  clock- 
towei.  The  gardens  and  grounds  are 
good,  and  there  is  a  large  perk, 
Uuough  which  it  ia  possible  to  diivo 
(leave  being  obtainecl).  The  Ch.  oi 
Swonfon  MorUy  is  Perp.,  with  ] 
liar  transomed  windows  in  the  i 
and  ncher  windows  at  the  ends  of  the 
aisles.  The  main  arcade  is  light  and 
lofty,  and  the  tower  opens  into  the 
nave  with  lofty  arches  on  3  sides. 
Norwich  is  distaiit  2 1  i  m.  by  railway. 

Debrt  Hill,  see  Chippenham. 

Derwev,  see  SuHin. 

Deewent,  see  ShegUId. 

Dehwentwateh,  aee  Ketaick, 

Devil's  Bbidoe,  isee  Aberyitinilh. 

nevlzei*  (Wilts.}.  Btat..  G.  W. 
By.  Innt:  **Besr,  in  the  Market- 
place, i  m.  from  station ;  Castle.  This 
town  stands  nearly  in  tbo  centre  of 
the  county,  on  the  top  of  a  bill  500  ft. 
above  the  sea.  It  owes  ita  ori^n  to 
the  castle  erected  liere  by  Bp.  Boger 
of  Sarum,  temp.  Hen.  I.,  which  stood 
In  a  picturesque  situation  to  the  W.  of 
the  town,  behind  tba  Bear  Inn,  now 
»  private  garden.  The  walls  have 
almost  entirely  perished,  but  the  ditch 
and  moimd  of  tbe  keep  may  stUl  be 

ARer  the  site  of  the  castle,  tbe  most 
interesting  objects  are  the  two  noble  old 
chunhee,  both  deserving  careful  atten- 
tion. St.  John's,  near  the  castle,  wns 
originally  a  cruciform  Norm,  oh.,  with 
ceatrul  tower.  Aisles  were  added  to 
tbe  naves  ^p.  1450),  and  N.  and  B. 
cbapels  to  tbe  chancel  later  rtill. 
81.  Mary-$,  in  the  N.B.  skiit  of  Ihe 


town,  commands  a  view  of  Boundway 
Hill.  This  was  also  a  Norm,  ch.,  and 
the  chancel  ia  of  the  original  structure, 
but  the  nave  has  been  rebuilt  in  Perp. 
Observe  flguie  in  niche  on  outside  at 
E.  end  of  nave ;  also  Norm,  doorway 
on  S.  side  of  Gh.  In  Long-ttreet  is 
the  Museum  and  Library  of  the  Wilt- 
fhire  Arehsdofiical  and  Nalttfal  His- 
tory Society.  The  collections  are  ad- 
mirably arranged,  and .  the  Bpecimens, 
especially  geological,  are  highly  in* 
tereating.  The  Uuacnm  ia  open  on 
week-days  from  10  tA  5,  admission  Gd, 
Roundiuay  Hill.  2}  m.  E.,  rises  im- 
mediately from  Devizes,  and  the  view 
from  the  bron  shonld  not  be  missed 
by  the  visitor.  A  path  leads  ^m  BL 
Mary's  Ch.  to  the ,  eaofer'g  Walk. 
which,  skirting  tLo  grounds  of  Neie 
Park,  runs  direct  to  the  foot  of  the 
hill.  If  inclined  to  extend  bis  ramble, 
the  pedestrian  will  find,  a  little  way  to 
tbe  N.W.,  the  Roman  camp  of  Oliver's 
CaiOe,  marked  by  a  straggling  group 
of  beech-trees;  and  N.E„  at  tbe  dis- 
tance of  2,1  m.,  the  Wanidgke.  nearly 
as  perfect  as  on  the  day  w'-  —  "^  — 


The  aisleless  crociform  eh.  u 
ample  of  E.  E.,  well  preserved  and 
unmixed.  The  village  contains  some 
good  half-timbered  houses,  with  orna- 
mental baige-boatds  and  projecting 
upper  storey. 

At  Urehfont.  5  m.  S.,  there  is  a 
liighly-interesting  cmciform  church, 
cbiafly  Dec,  with  E.-E.  remains,  and 
Perp.  square  tower  at  W.  end.  The 
porcli  is  very  curious. 

Bromham,  i  m..  see  MMduim.  ■ 

Devoban,  see  Falmouth. 

Dkwohdsoh,  see  Wye. 

DiDBBOOKE,  see  Winchmmbe. 

Dieu  la  Crebse  Abbei,  see  Leek. 

DiLBTON,  see  Hexham. 

DiNAs  Ddinlle,  see  Clynnog. 

JklanH  Mowdd^vy  (Merio- 
neth.), 3]  hrs.  by  rail  IVom  Shrews- 
bury, 2^  bis.  trom  Llanidloes.  Inn; 
Bnckley  Arms  H.  A  beautifully  situ- 
ated village,  commanding  tbe  H  vales 


DISLEY~DIS3. 


Ishing  in  the  DoTey. 
'o  IMgeUey,  10  to.  To 
Tal^y-Ryn,  12  m.  To  BaJa,  18  m.. 
JDcludiii"  ascent  of  Aran  Moirddwy. 
To  MarAynlUth,  12  m.,  by  MaUwyd. 
li  m.  S.  ia  the  village  of  Xallwyd 
(Inn:  Penifttth  Arms),  the  "parBdiao 
of  artbta."  cbarmiiiglf  placed  in  an 
aiDphitlieatre  of  uouDlaiDs.  On  the 
road,  a  little  before  aniTing  at  the 
village,  observe  the  picturesque  water- 
fell  of  PoBt-Faavjgd.  The  th.-yd,  ia 
celebrated  for  its  yews,  one  of  wbicli 
ia  23  fl.  in  girth;  over  ch.  porch  are 
gigantic  bones,  said  to  be  those  of  a 
whale.  4}  m.  further  on,  through 
lovely  scenery  oa  E.  bank  of  the  Dyn, 
passing  on  rt  Ab^iriath  Salt,  ia 
Cemmaes  (Jimetijjn),  where  the  Twy- 
myn  joine  the  Dyfl.  2i  m.  further  on 
ia  Abergwedol,  opposite  to  wliich, 
across  the  river,  is  the  cA,  of  Llanicn'n, 
163  ft.  long.  2  m.  beyond  Ahcrgiredol 
ia  Penegoet,  birthploco  of  Wilson  the 
paiDtei :  hence,  it  is  1}  m.  to  Machyn- 
lleth. To  LUm/air.  IS)  m.,  and  Xlan- 
Mtin,  23  m.  Proceeding  E.  from 
Mallwjd  (aee  above),  the  road  leads 
throngit  uie  valley  of  the  Banw  2}  m. 
to  Bwlch^-fedwen,  passing  near  the 
woods  of  Dngoed  Mawr,  a  spot  called 
LidiaTi-y-Baron,  the  scene  of  the 
murder  of  Baron  Owen  by  the  Gwy- 
lliad  Cochion  (red-haired  robbers),  a 
lawleffl  tribe  who  long  infested  the 
neighbourhood.  From  Bwloh-y-fedwen 
a  bleak  load  leads  3|  m.  to  Garth- 
beibie,  whence  it  ia  1|  m.  to  Cann  Office 
(a  good  Toadaide  Inn  and  posting- 
bouae,  patronised  chiefly  b^  anglero). 
On  q)posite  side  of  river  is  iXinga- 
dvan,  the  ch.  of  which  has  old  Feip. 
window  in  its  E.  end.  The  Eiia  flows 
in  here  ftom  S.,  and  9  m.  down  its 
valley  is  Moet-ji-DdcivKn,  an  oblong 
camp,  100  yds.  in  length.  From  Cann 
Office  the  tourist  may  proceed  10  m, 
to  LlanfaiT,  or  diverge  I.,  by  a  road  of 
11  m,  to  Lta^fyUin. 

Dt^iicei. ^Machynlleth,  by  nil, 
1  hr.:  Aberystwilh,  3^  hrs.;  Newtown, 
]|  hr. :  Llanidloes,  2^  hrs. 

DmoBwio,  aee  Seavmarii  and  Han- 

ItotsDAU  8fa,  see  Dariingltm. 


niHley  (Cheeb.)  Stat,  L.  &  N.  W. 
Rly.    Inn:   Barn's  Head.     The  Ch„ 

dedicated  to  St.  Mary,  a  bondaome 
Gothic  edifice,  with  tower  and  6  bells, 
has  an  illuminated  ceiling  and  an  E. 
window  (stained  glass)  Inuught  from 
Italy,  i  m.  Ikiia  station  ia  entrance  to 
Iiijme  Moll  (W.  J.  Legh.  Esq.,  M,P.), 
the  mansion  being  1  ui.  furthcr(showQ 
only  in  aliaence  of  tlie  family).  It  ia 
a  large  Italian  bouse,  with  wings.  In 
(he  hall  are  the  aims  of  Sir  PerUn 
Legh  which  he  wore  at  Creasy.  The 
Sruvnag-Toom  is  Kliz.,  and  very  fine. 
The  Slag  Parlour  bus  scnlptured 
chimncypiece,  with  scenes  in  atag- 
hunting,  for  which  Lyme  was  cele- 
brated. A  beilsteod  is  shown  in 
wliich  Edward  the  Black  Prince  slept 
on  a  visit  here.  Foriraili.  —  liOTd 
Ashburnham,  Vandyck ;  Charles  I.; 
Connlesa  of  Derby  and  her  husband  ; 
Dnke  of  Buctingiiara,  4c  In  the 
Park,  which  is  very  extenaive,  is  a 
herd  of  wild  white  cattle. 

Dislancee  (by  mil).— Baxlon,  13  m.; 
WhalCT  Bridge,  i  m. ;  Stcokport,  6i 
m.;  Maochester,  12  m. 

lMet»  (Norfolk).  Stat,  Gt.  E.  Bly. 
(1  m.  E.  of  the  town).  Inn;  King's 
Head.  St.  Mar/t  Ch.  is  worth  visit- 
ing. It  ^as  restored  in  1858,  aud  ia 
in  admirable  order.  The  tower  oon- 
taina  8  bells,  upim  which  a  set  of 
chimes  play  every  lour  hours.  The 
interior  coutaina  a  beentiful  reredos 
of  Oaen  atone,  inlaid  with  coloured 
marblea  and  bosses  of  spar  and  gold. 
A  little  S.  of  tlie  town  is  a,  large  pond, 
or  "mere,"  of  more  than  5  acres  area. 
The  sloping  banks  are  prettily  Kned 
with  gardens,  and  on  its  S.  side  is  a 
pleasant  public  walk  with  good  trees. 
The  mere  contains  eels,  and  a  curious 
flsh  called  the  ''  oliaaer,"  a  kind  of 

6  m.  W.  iimn  the  station  ia  Bed- 
jirao!  HaU  (Sufiblk),  a  Greman  build- 
ing, with  a  central  cupola  supported 
on  4  Ionic  columns,  erected,  in  1770, 
at  a  cost  of  30,000J.  The  park  ia 
pleasant  and  well  wooded,  with  a  lake 
of  46acrea. 


142 


VXTTON—DOLaELLEY. 


IMtton,  or  Tliai»(-H-mt' 

(on  (Surrey),  so  (»lled  to  diatin^isii 
it  from  Long  Dittan,  irhioh  adjoiita  it 
on  the  S.K.  Stat,  on  the  L.  &  S.W. 
Ely.,  11m.  from  Waterloo,  Jnn:  The 
Swan,  OQ  the  Thames,  opposile  Hamp- 
ton Cooit  Park,  veil  known  to  anglers 
and  boating  partieB,  and  iamed  for  the 
bcaudflll  vienB  up  and  down  the  i ' 

The  Tillage  lies  a  little  back 
the  Thamea ;  the  hoosea  strsggling 
away  on  the  one  hand  to  Weston 
Oieen,  on  the  other  to  Oigg'g  Hill, 

There  are  two  deepa  at  Ditton, 
under  the  care  of  the  Thamea  Angling 
FiegeiraHon  Socie^:  one,  opposite 
Boyle  Farm,  of  512  yds.,  the  other,  of 
250  yda.,  &om  Keene'a  Wharf,  ncath- 

Oigg'g  Hill,  on  the  Portsmoalh  road, 
a  little  @.  of  Thames  Ditton,  is  noted 
for  its  common  and  its  inn,  the  Angel, 
both  favonrite  resorts  for  crioketers. 
Weeton  Green,onthe  B.W„6nd  Wtfon 
^ar<A,byEBherRly.  Btat.,are  hamleis 
of  Ditton. 

DoLBASABN,  See  LlanberU. 

ItOlfTdley  (Merioneth.),  8i 
hre.  from  Paddington  via  Cheater  and 
Huabon ;  also  by  L.  <t  N.  W.  Kly..  lOJ 
hra.,  wa  Bannoatb  June. ;  3  brs.  by 
railway  from  Chester ;  3  hrs.  from 
Shrewsbury ;  and  included  in  L.  &  N, 
W.  North  Wales  New  Ciroalar  Tour. 
UoteU :  'Golden  Lion ;  *Ship.  A 
email  town,  capital  of  MerionethBhire, 
situated  on  the  Wnion  (which  is  here 
crossed  by  n  handsome  bridsie),  in  a 
vnlo  surrounded  by  lofty  and  wooded 
nH>iintnin«.  It  is  the  centre  of  a 
district  leemiDK  with  such  interest 
ami  loveliness,  that  the  tourist  is  re- 
commended to  make  it  his  head- 
quarters for  some  time. 

SxcuTeions.—The  one  var  excel- 
lence  is  ascent  of  Cader  Idrii,  S  m., 
occupying  8  to  4  hrs.,  which  lowers 
direct];  over  the  town  to  h^ght  of 
2914  ft,;  guides  and  ponies  may  be 
hired  at  5«.  each,  but  in  tolerably  fine 
weather  no  pedestrian  need  fear  to 
ascend  alono.  Of  several  tracks,  the 
most  direct  is  by  foUowing  the  old,  or 
monntaiQ  rood,  to  Towyn,  for  abont 
2f  m, ;  at  2  m.  rt.  is  Uyn  Gweman, 
where  a  stile  over  the  WU,  on  L,  gives 


access  to  a  path  which  leads  easily  to 
a  small  lake,  called  WjB-y-Oo/r;  above 
this  rises  a  steep  bnt  eosily-dimbed 
bluff,  to  Uyn-y-GaiUr,  a  very  deep 
tarn  at  foot  of  ths  Cader,  in  a  ma^i- 
floont  amphitheatre  of  cliffs,  which  at 
first  look  inaccessible ;  there  is  here  a 
marvellously   clear  echo.     The  way 


"Foxes  Path."  Once  on  the  smooth 
tnrf  again,  it  is  easy  walking  to  Pen- 
y-gader,  the  highest  point  of  the 
range  (said  to  be  3000  it.),  where  are 
a  rude  Ordnance  cairn,  and  a  hut  of 
colossal  stones  built  by  the  guide. 
A  few  minntcs'  walk  from  the  Cader 
conducts  the  tourist  to  brink  of  the 
cliffs  overhanging  Uyn-y-Cae,  which, 
though  on  smaller  si^e,  is  about  the 
grandest  bit  of  scenery  on  the  monn- 
tain.  A  decent  cragsman  may  care- 
fully descend  the  gullies  b>  the  banks 
of  uie  lake,  and  make  his  way  down 
to  Tal-y-llyn,  midway  between  Dol- 
gelley  and  MachynlleOi ;  bnt  the  most 
ganoral  ront«  for  visiting  it  is  from 
Minfford,  or  T/n-y-Oomel.  The  view 
from  summit  of  Cader  Idris,  on  a 
clear  day,  though  not  so  extensive  as 
that  from  Snowdou,  is  perhaps  even 
more  enchanting,  from  the  nearness 
of  the  wooded  valleys  and  the  exqui- 
site colours  of  the  surrounding  ranges. 
Gleologically  the  mountaia  is  an  ig- 
neous rock,  consisting  of  slate,  feu- 
pathio  traps,  and  greenstone.  The 
tourist  who  does  not  descend  by  the 
"Foxes  I'atli "  is  recommended  to 
follow  the  shoulders  as  they  incline 
towards  tho  Machynlleth  rood  to  the 
S.B.  Very  hcantiful  views  of  Tal-y- 
llyn  are  obtained  by  this  route;  after 
abont  IJ  m.  walking,  a  small  tarn, 
Llyn  Aran,  is  seen  under  the  clifib, 
from  which  tho  little  river  Aran  runs 
direct  to  Dolgelloy.  As  soon  as  prac- 
ticable tho  descent  shonld  be  made, 
he  river  followed  through  a  very 
picturesque  ravine;   the  path   Icoda 

To  Corner  ^Mieu  and  JJinwiau. 
Ooasing  the  stone  bridge  over  the 
Wnion,  the  road  reaches  at  about  2  m. 
the  beautifully-situated  village  of 
lAa-n^Uyd;  a  little  before  ooming  to 


tlie  bridge,  crossing:  fie  Mowddach, 
is  Hemport  (Vf.  Bmith,  Esq-X  the 
beaatifol  TBsiiioDce  of  the  late  Sir 
Bobert  Vftugban,  the  antiquary,  which 
deserves  the  toorUt'a  notice;  and  a 
little  beyond  Hengwrt,  a  gate  on  rt, 
lenda  to  the  scanty  ruins  nf  CymnKr 
Abbey,  a  Cistercian  foondation,  temp. 
1198, beantifuUy situated.  TheNorm. 
ITork  in  the  abbey  deserves  special  at- 
tention. To  the  wftterfalls  otRhaiadr 
JDu,  Bhaiadr  Mawddaeh,  tind  PUtyil 
Cain  ;  following  the  Trawsfynydd  rood 
past  Llanelllyd,  abont  2  m.  beyond 
httor  is  Tvn-y-^oes  (Oakeley  Arms 
Hotel)— a  fovourite  fiehing  station- 
where  guides  may  be  hired.  A  little 
above  the  betel  is  a  wooden  bridge  over 
the  Mawddaoh,  which  ascend  on  E.  or 
1,  bank,  keeping  nlong  base  of  the  bluff 
hill  of  Penrhos ;  nt  about  3  m.  from 
Tyn-y-groes,  a  little  above  the  jano- 
tiou  of  the  Mawddach  with  the  Gain, 
is  the  fall  of  Bhaiadr  Mawddaeh,  60 
ft.  high,  which  presents  a  fine  appear- 
ance from  the  stieam  being  thrice 
broken  in  the  descent.  Crossing  the 
Mawddach,  FiibjU-y-Cain  is  soon  in 
sight,  150  £t.,  grander  than,  thongh 
not  so  pictoresqae  as,  Kbaiadr  Maw- 
ddach :  it  is  only  seen  to  advaQtage 
after  heavy  rains ;  hence,  instead  of 
returning  the  same  way,  tlie  tonrist 
may  incline  1.  about  1§  m.,  crossing  a 
bill  into  the  Trawsfynydd  road,  a 
little  above  Font-dol-gefeilian.  Fol- 
lowing the  high  road  S.for  about  2  m. 
the  tonrist  comes  to  Pont-ar-Camlan, 
whence  a  path  rt.  leads  up  (br  more 
than  J  m.  to  Rhaiaih  Du,  a  very  fine 
double  Cill  of  60  ft.,  formed  by  the 
dashing  waters  of  tho  Oarfa,  within 
the  gronnds  of  Dolymelynllyn  (R.  C. 
Williams,  Esq.);  the  streaiD  fidls 
throngh  a  fringe  of  dark  trees  into  a 
black  pool  below.  Returning  to  high 
road,  it  is  about  1  m.  to  Tyn-y-groes, 
or  6  m.  to  Dolgellej.  From  tho  water- 
fall of  PiBtyU-y-Cain,  the  banks  of 
the  Cain  may  be  followed  about  3  m. 
to  Bedd  Porai,  "  the  grave  of  Poms," 
on  which  is  an  inscribed  stone,  said  to 
contain  the  earliest  Christian  icscrip- 
tion  known  in  Wales.  Near  it  is  Llech 
libii,  a  menhir,  about  10  ft.  high, 
called  after  the  giant  Idris;  hence  a 


:iiBr.  143 

roadl.,of  3  m.,  leads  into  the  Ttawsfy- 
nydd  road,  1}  m.  (rem  the  Utter.  To 
Oiem  Bydtan  :  (1)  the  tonrist  may 
prooeed  by  road  through  a  lovely 
valley,  affording  fine  mountain  views, 
to  TraanfynyM,  13  m.,  whence  it  is 
6  m.  by  rough  path  over  Balch-y- 
Tyddiad,  to  the  wild  lake  of  (Ann 
Byehan,  situated  in  grand  mountain 
scenery,  and  affording  excellent  fish- 
ing ;  or  (2)  setting  out  by  Trawsfynydd 
rood,  diverge  I.  by  path  which  shortly 
crosses  the  Eden  at  Pont-y-Gribble, 
and  passing  over  some  rough  and 
boggy  conntry,  proceed  either  by 
Bwloh-y-Tyddiad,  or  through  tho 
parallel  pasa  of  Bwlch-Drws-Aidu- 
dwy,  either  route  being  equally  grand, 
to  Cwm  Byohan ;  from  flie  lake  the 
tourist  may  proceed  through  wild 
scenery,  4)  m.,  to  Llanbedr,  or  S  m. 
to  Harlech  (which  see).  A  most  ez- 
quisiie  walk  of  9]  m.  may  be  taken 
to  the  rising  watering-place  of  Bar- 
mouth. To  3Wyn,  by  two  roads :  (1) 
of  16}  m.,  the  upper  or  moontaiu 
road,  which  ascends  to  foot  of  Cader 
Idris,  and  tnming  over  the  apnz  of 
Craig  Cwm  Llwyd,  leads  over  bleak 
exposed  ground  to  Llanegryn,  where 
the  other  road  joins  it ;  (2)  the  second 
road  is  longer  (20  m.),  but  the  tourist 
is  advised  to  follow  it,  as  affording 
magnificent  coast  and  sea  views  for 
most  of  the  way.  About  1  m.  are  the 
beau tifiilly-situa ted  residences  Bryn- 
gwyn  and  Bryn  A  dda ;  hence  the 
rmid  rises,  overshadowed  by  Cadcr 
Idris,  5i  m.  further  on  to  Capel  Ar- 
(ftofl,  a  small  mmintiiin  Ch. — here  tho 
rock  and  wood  scenery  is  very  diversi- 
fied and  beantifiil.  1  m.  1.  of  this 
church  is  Llyf:  Braduien,  the  remains 
of  a  7th-cent.  building,  onco  tho 
palace  of  the  Welsh  prince  Ednowain ; 
a  little  N.  is  Llyn  Cregeneu,  at  foot 
of  Tyrran  Mawr.  2J  m.  beyond  Capel 
Arth<^,  at  the  Friog,  a  road  of  1}  m. 
leads  across  the  alluvial  ground  and 
sand,  to  a  small  tongue  of  land  at 
month  of  the  estuary,  whence  there  is 
a  ferry  to  Barmonth,  just  opposite. 
Close  nudemeatb  the  road  here,  on 
rt,  is  Ynii/aig  (T.  Green,  Esq.) ;  the 
road  now  afford^  sea  views  over  the 
Bay  of  Caernarvon,  till  8  m.  fiirtber 


D0LGBLLEY—D0NCA8TES. 


on  is  readied  the  wretched-lookbg 
village  of  lAwyngvtril,  on  a  mountain, 
N.  and  S.E.of  which  aie  some  tumuli, 
cairns,  meiai-liirioa,  and  a  Britieh 
camp,  called  CoBtell-v-gaer.  Turning 
now  inland,  at  4  m.  furUier  on,  past  a 
bleak  and  nnintereating  country,  i% 
Lhtnegryn,  in  restored  chvrch  of  which 
obserre  Norm,  font  and  beautiful  rood 
lafl,  said  to  have  been  brought  from 
Cymmer  Abbej.  About  1  m.  from 
the  church,  on  the  Dyeinnj,  is  Pe- 
niarlt  (W.  W.  E.  Wynn)  ;  Irom  Llane- 
gryn  it  is  1  m.  to  the  pleasant  little 
watering-place  of  Towyn.  The  tourist 
may  return  to  Dolgetley  by  the  Tal-y- 
llyn  and  Minffordd  road,  24  m, ;  or  by 
railway  as  far  a«  Tal-v-Ilyn ;  or  re- 
turning to  Llaoegryu, 


Tai-y-liyn,  a  beauUful 
Bala,  by  direct  road,  18  m.  (see  Bala). 
To  IHnai  Homddvy  (eee)  and  Bala ; 
at  2  m.  the  road  enters  thepiotureBque 
valley  of  the  stream  on  which  is  the 
celebrated  Torrent  Walk.  1  m.  fur- 
ther on  L  is  Gaerynack  (Mra.  M. 
Biohards),  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of 
which  the  walk  lies.  Within  a  few 
minutes'  walk  of  its  upper  end  is  the 
CroM  Foxei  Inn,  where  lefreahmenls 
and  good  beds  may  be  obtained.  The 
tourist  is  strongly  recommended  to 
work  his  way  up  the  Walk,  as  this 
greatly  enhances  its  pioturesqtie 
effects.  From  the  inn  the  road  as- 
cends a  pass  under  the  cliffs  of  Craig- 
y-bwlch  to  Bwlch  Oerdnrs,  3  m.  fur- 
ther on,  whence  the  road  descends  the 
valley  of  the  Ceiyat.  1  m.  beyond 
Bwlch  Oerdrws  is  Pennant-yr,  where 
is  a  waterfall.  2  m.  beyond,  a  small 
stream  flows  in  &om  a  romantfo  amphi- 
theatre ot  mountains,  Cfllled  Craig- 
Maes-y-glasian,  in  centre  of  which  is 
another  very  good  cascade.  ' 
ther  on  is  the  surpassing 
village  of  Dinai  Movidiwy.  To  TuJ- 
y-ilyn,  8  m,,  and  JUaeAyniZelA.  Ifi  m,; 
shortly  after  leaving  the  Cross  Foxes 
(see  above)  the  scenery  greatly  im- 
proves, the  road  running  for  several 
miles  at  the  veir  foot  of  Cader  Idris, 
21  m.  beyond  tiie  Cross  Foies  is  a 
narww  ravine,  bounded  on  one  side 
by  the  precipices  of  Cen  Gniig  (a 


shoulder  of  Cader  Idris)  and  on  the 
other  by  Oraig-y-Uam, "  Ule  rock  of  the 
leap ; "  the  little  lam  dose  to  roadside 
on  1.  Is  Ltyn  Trigraienyn,  or  "  Lake 
of  the  Three  Grains,"  so  called  from 
three  largo  stones  lying  near  it,  thrown 
there,  according  to  the  legend,  by  the 
giant  Idris.  A  most  exquisite  reach 
now  opens  out,  the  chief  feature  being 
the  beautiful  T«l-j-Uyn,  till  1  m.  fui-- 
thet  on  is  reached  MinfforM,  a  road- 
side inn,  whence  may  be  visited  the 
glorious  mountain  lake  of  £!jn^- Coe, 
IJ  m.  distant.  It  is  best  reached  by 
following  the  course  of  a  small  stream 
which  flows  into  it,  from  a  little  be- 
low the  inn.  About  I  m.  beyond 
Minffordd,  on  the  high  road,  is  Tal-y- 
ilyn,  li  m.  long  and  i  m.  broaji,  held  by 
some  the  most  charming  lake  in  Wales, 
and  a  "  paradise  for  anglers."  It  is 
noted  for  the  rapid growtli  and  omaiing 
fecundity  of  trout,  the  shallow  weedy 
bottoms,  particularly  those  at  lower 
end  of  the  lake,  being  IkbI  for  sport ; 
the  best  fishing  months  are  May  and 
Juno.  At  8.W.  comer  of  the  lake, 
which  is  entirely  hemmed  in  by  moun- 
taiuB,  is  the  comfortable  little  mn  of 
Tya-y-Comel!  from  Minffordd  the  road 
to  Machynlleth  turns  sharply  to  1., 
and  winding  over  brow  of  a  hiU  de- 
scends into  the  valley  of  the  Coiys, 
2i  m.  to  Corye;  hence  the  road  is  car- 
ried down  the  vale  of  Dulos,  thtongh 
beautifid  river  and  woodland  scenery 
to  MachynUetii,  pssBing  i  m.  beyond 
Corys,  Braidt  Goch,  where  is  a  small 
roadside  inn. 

Dutancei. — Oorwen,  80  m.  by  load, 
1  hr.20min.by  rail;  MachynUeth,  by 
rail,  1  br.  36  min. ;  Aberdovey,  by  rail, 
J  hr.  6  min. ;  Towyn,  by  raU,  54  min. ; 
Barmouth,  by  rail,  j  hr, ;  Ffestiniog, 
21  m.  by  road. 

DoLWiDtiE[.AN,  see  Betttct-j/-Coed. 

Soncastei*  (Yorkgh.),  8tat.  on 
main  line  of  G.  N.  Bly.,  156i  m. 
&om  King's-cress.  Also  to  Slieffield 
by  Midi.  Hly.,  1 8{  m.,  vto  Masborough, 


DOyCMTES—DOMCHESTES. 


145 


the  race  week  (in  SeptemberX  when  it 
is  thronged  with  viBttoiB. 

8l.  Georges,  the  parish  oh.,  wsa 
burnt  down  in  1853.  The  prenenl 
noble  crmciform  cb.  waa  erected  from 
the  designa  of  Sir  G.  G,  Bcott,  at  the 
cost,  with  all  its  appeodngea,  of  about 
45,0001.  The  "eneial  character  of  the 
ch.  is  Dec.  The  great  height  of  the 
uaTe  and  cbancel  roof  produces  within 
an  effect  of  real  grondenr.  The  organ 
is  eaid  to  be  tbe  largest  chu»cb  organ  in 
England,  except  that  of  York  Minster  ; 
containing  96  stops  and  above  6000 
pipea.  It  was  built  by  M,  Sohultze, 
and  ia  noted  for  the  eweetneaa  of  its 

Doncaeter  is  best  known  to  Itae 
world  from  its  Aacca,  which  take  place 
anniiBllT  in  Beplember,  and  last  i 
days.  Thbv  are  among  tbe  most  cele- 
brated in  England,  attracting  a  vast 
assemblage  of  persona,  and  contribut- 
ing not  a  little  to  the  prosperity  of 
the  town.  The  Baee-couT»e  is  about  a 
mile  !rma  tbe  town,  on  tbe  old  London 

On  the  left  of  the  station  are  the 
sheds  and  fiictoriea  of  tbe  railway 
•'plant,"  of  which  this  is  the  general 
depot  for  the  Great  Northern  Blv. 
Alt  tbecarriagea  and  engines  are  made 
here.     Abont  1500  wotfcmsn  are  em- 

Conitboroagh  Ga»tU,  SJ  m.  8.W.  from 
Doncaijter  (there  is  a  station  on  Hldl. 
BIy.),  is  of  ereat  interest,  and  is  accu- 
rately described  by  Sir  Walter  8catt  in 
'Ivanhoe.'  Although  no  part  of  the 
exiiiting  remaiuB  is  earlier  tlian  tbo 
Norman  Conquest,  it  is  probable  that 
a  forness  of  some  kind  existed  bere 
during  the  Saxon  period.  (The  keys 
are  kept  at  the  iillago  on  the  other 
aide  of  tbe  casUe.) 

The  Cattie  crowns  a  nstaral  knoll 
aboTe  the  Don,  the  summit  of  which 
forms  a  platfonn  of  rather  less  than  an 
acre,  and  is  encircled  by  the  outer 
wall  of  the  place.  The  entrance  is 
from  the  village  or  S.W.  side,  by  a 


N.W.  angle,  and  formioz  part  of  the 
oitouit  of  the  outer  wall,  is  tbe  keep- 
tower,  86  ft,  high.    Tbe  tower  is  cir- 


cular, and  within  is  about  22  fL  dia- 
meter. It  consistsof  3  storeya(beeideB 
the  dungeon),  now  open  from  turret 
to  foundation.  The  view  from  the 
top  is  very  striking. 

Coniaborougb  CIt.  (restored)  ia  prin- 
cipally Norm,,  and  deserves  a  visit. 

Sdhy  is  distant  IH  m.  by  raU  (N.E.). 

DoKiNOTOM  (Salop),  see  AJbrighton. 

DONUIHOTON  CiSTLB,  Bee  NeubuTg, 

noreheMer  (Dor8et.>  Stats., 
S.  W.  and  at.  W.  Blys.,  close  together. 
Jn»M.-  Kin^s  Arms;  Antelope.  This 
is  a  thrivmg  town,  and  one  of  tbe 
cleanest  and  prettiest  in  the  W.  of 
England.  It  has  unquestioned  claims 
to  antiquity,  having  be«i  a  British 
town  before  the  invasion  of  Cffear.  It 
lies  on  a  hill  sloping  on  the  N.  to  the 
valley  of  the  Frone. 

Tlie  juDctioa  of  the  4  streets  in  the 
centre  of  tbe  town  ia  marked  by 
Si.  Feltr's  Ch.  with  its  floe  pinnacleil 
tower,  and  the  modem  Tirufa  Hall, 
with  its  angular  spirelet.  At  the 
bottom  of  High-street  a  pleasant  walk 
leads  along  the  banks  of  tbe  Frome, 
with  green  water-meadows  to  tbe  rt. 

The  Coaniy  Xiueum,  in  Trinity- 
street,  contains  a  good  coUecttco)  of 
local  fossils,  and  a  fine  archieological 
collection. 

The  Amphmeatre,  called  Mambury, 
or  Maambury,  lies  to  the  8.  of  the 
town,  1.  of  the  Weymouth  road,  in 
close  proximity  to  the  2  railway  sta- 
tions. Whether  British  or  Roman,  it 
is  equally  interesting  as  the  moat  per- 
fect relic  of  the  kind  in  this  country. 
It  is  an  oval  or  elliptical  earthwork, 
enclosing  an  area  218  ft.  in  length, 
and  163  It.  in  width.  Fromtbewalkon 
the  W.  rampart  ia  seen  another  ancient 
work,  the  camp  of  Potindbury — crest- 
ing the  head  of  a  hill  which  rises  from 
the  river  Frome,  a  few  hundred  yards 
from  the  western  gate.  It  is  a  tole- 
rably regularly  shaped  entrenchment, 
protected  V  a  lofty  vallum  and  ditcli. 
Some  persons  tbiok  it  was  constructed 
by  the  Danes,  whilst  others  maintain 
that  it  ia  a  Uoman  work.  The  snm- 
mit  commands  an  extensive  view. 

Excur»ion»  may  be  made  to 

(a)  Maiden  Cattle,  2  m.  S.,  one  of 
tbe   moat   stnpendous   British  earth- 


146 


DOSCBESTEE—DOBKING. 


mdheiag  in  its 
inner  area  about  45  oaieB,  ftod  covering 
fiiU  115  acrea  altogether,  riaiug  ia 
oonspiouous  grandeur  to  the  rt.  of  the 
Weymoutb  road.  It  measnrea  about 
1000  yards  from  B.  to  W.,  and  500 
&om  N.  to  B.  The  whole  ia  Bor- 
rounded  irith  2,  in  aatao  planes  3, 
ramparts,  60  ft.  high,  and  of  amaz- 
ing steepness.  Below  Maiden  Castle. 
E.,  to  Uke  L  of  the  Weymouth  road, 
stands  Herriitgiione  (B.  W.  WllliAms, 
Esq.),  a  bonse  of  much  interest,  temp. 

(i)  li  m.  N.W.,  in  the  valley  of  the 
Frome,  ia  the  very  iulereating  house 
of  Wottelon  (W.  H.  WesloD,  Esq.), 
built  1584.  The  gatehuuaa  has  cir- 
cnlar  bastions  and  steep  roofs.    From 


return  by  pleasant  meadows  to  Dor- 
chester, 2  m. 

(a)  AJiother  circuit  of  much  interest 
to  tiie  orchaologlst,  and  displaying 
wide  and  varied  views,  is  through  the 
fields  to  Paddletoimi  (5  m.),  where  the 
ch.  deserves  a  visit ;  thence  to  Athd- 
hampton  Hail  (Mrs.  Or.  J.  Wood),  1 J  jq. 
Ei.,  one  of  the  best  example«  of  do- 
mestic architectore  in  the  isonnty, 
bnilt  probably  temp.  Hen.  VII. ;  and 
over  uie  ridge  into  the  valley  of  the 
Frome  to  Woodt/ord  CasOe  (3  m.), 
which  the  archs»Dlogist  must  by  no 
means  omit  to  visiL  It  goatds  the 
passage  of  the  Frome,  bat  is  more  of  a 
ir-bouse  than  a  castle,    It  appears 


by    Loid    Ilohester. 
tourist  may  return  to  Dorchester 
foot,  5  ro.,  or  by  railway  from  Moteton 
Station. 

(d)  A  _  „ 
made  to  the  heights  of 
760  ft  above  the  sea,  and  the  Belt- 
gtone,  the  Nine  Bona,  and  other  pre- 
bistorio  remains  on  the  bare  chalk 
downs  about  little  Bredy.  («)  To 
Weymouih,  7  m.  by  rail.  (/)  Bridr 
^oH,  itii  Maiden  Newton  Juno. 

DoBOBBSTEB   (Oxou),    Boe    Oxford 
(Bicnrs.). 

Dorklnr   (Snrrey),   Stet. 
L.  B.  ft  S.  C.  Bly.,  26  m.  hoot  I 


.  also  &   E.  Bly.,  tid  BedhiU 

Jimo.,  30|  m.  Inns ;  *  Bed  Lion ;  White 
Horse.  An  excellent  centre  fm  tbe 
aiploratiou  of  the  most  charming 
scenery  of  tbe  county.  Oloae  to  the 
town  and  on  the  S.  side  of  tbe  n^- 
way  is  Deepdeue  (Mrs.  Hope),  full  of 
art-tieasnree,  which  every  visitor  should 
see.  The  honse  and  gronnda  are 
shown,  during  tbe  abs^ice  of  the 
famil;,  on  '^esdays.  Magnlfloent 
sculpture  by  Banti,  Thonealdeen,  Bar- 
tolini,  Flaxman,  B.  J.  Wyatt,  and 
others ;  enamels  by  Bone ;  and  nume- 
rous highly  intereeting  paintiiigs, 
chiefly  by  old  masters.  It  was  h^ 
that  Mr.  Disraeli  wrote  the  greater 
part  of  "  Coningsby."  The  soene  with- 
out is  equally  beautiful,  the  walks 
open  to  the  public  are  easily  tracked, 
and  the  most  magiuflcent  views  may 
be  obtained  from  the  terrace  at  the 
top  of  the  bill  behind  the  Doric  temple. 
The  fine  avenue  in  Betchworth  Park 
and  the  clump  of  Scotch  flrs  called 
"The  Gloty"  should  be  visited,  the 
walks  lesdiug  to  them  Irom  the  Park 
and  through  the  woods  reepeotivdy 
being  open  to  the  public.  Fronting 
"The  G-lory,"  but  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  railway,  is  Dmbiet  (Hrs. 
Cubitt).  From  the  terrace,  whidk  is 
reaiched  by  a  bridle-path  passing  dose 
by  tbe  house,  the  ride  or  walk  may  be 
continued  across  Banmore  Conunon 
(inspect  handsome  new  church),  re- 
turning to  Dorking  by  OonuhoZI  and 
Wotlon,  or  by  Poleadoa  and  Wat- 
humbU,  the  latter  route  affording  the 
finest  views  of  BoxAiS.  Another  moat 
ploisant  ezcoiaion  ftoni  Dorking  Is 
tbat  to  the  summit  of  LeOh  HiU  by 
Bedland  and  Coldbarbour,  &om  which, 
says  Evelyn,  12  or  13  counties  may 
be  seen.  Descend  in  the  direction 
B.W.  of  Tanhvnt,  returning  to  Dol- 
ing either  by  Abinger  Common,  tbe 
BooJcery  ^vtde  in/rii),  and  Weitgatt ; 
or  ronndmg  the  E.  side  of  tbe  hill 
after  leaving  Tanhorst,  l^  OMej/, 
Bear  Oreen,  and  Bobntnood  Common. 

Taking  the  road  towards  WottoD, 
about  1  m.  L,  lies  Btirg  Sill  (Bobert 
Barclay,  Esq.).  The  park  is  open  to 
the  public,  aid  the  visitor  shoold  make 
his  way  to  the  snmmer-honae   on  a 


Hommit  called  "  the  Nower."  Nearly 
oppofdte,  rt.  is  MOion  Court,  a  red 
brick  ElizabetliaJi  mamdon,  in  which 
Jereniiab  Matkland  died  1776.  1  m. 
further  is  Weitgat^,  or  Wetlcot,  end  tm 
the  1.  ia  the  Sookery,  the  birthplace, 
17C6,  of  Malihoa,  the  eroTmda  of  which 
ore  very  beautifill  and  through  which 
a  bridle  path  leada  to  the  vale  of 
Broadmoor,  &om  which  asceot'of  Leith 
H'll  may  he  made.  Beyond,  1  : 
a  gate  opens  into  the  road  to  Woltoa 
Ch.,  which  should  be  visited.  Tbe 
monnment  to  Chptaiu  Evelyn  is  by 
Weetmaoott,  and  the  striking  inscrip- 
%on  by  the  late  Dr.  Arnold.  About 
I  m.  beyond  (aW.)  is  WotUm  Soate 
(W.  J.  Evelyn,  Eaq,),  which  is  not 
generally  ahown.  Amonpt  some 
treasures  of  the  house  is  the  pnyer- 
book  used  by  Charles  I.  on  the  soiflold. 
Not  quite  2  m.  S.  is  Abinger  Ch. ;  and 
1  m.  W.  from  Wotton  the  road  passes 
Abinger  HaU  (Lord  Abinget),  the 
SDenery  about  which  is  exoe^ingly 
attractive. 

Ch>Be  by  is  OonuhaU  (Inn :  Black 
Horse,  (xaofortablel,  and  on  the  N. 
Bide  of  the  railway,  I  m.,  is  Bhere 
(Tnn :  White  Horse,  very  comfortable). 


porch  of  ob.,  are  worth  inspection. 
Adjoining  Shere  is  the  village  of 
AOniry,  new  ch.,  Eomaneaqne  style, 
built  at  the  sole  expense  of  the  mte 
Hen.  Drummond,  M.P.  Delightful 
rides  and  walks  surround  the  village 
on  every  side.  To  E.  of  village  is 
the  Duke  of  Notthnmberland's  well- 
wooded  and  varied  park,  on  borders  of 
which  ia  the  ch.  or  "  Cathedral,"  built 
by  the  late  Hr.  Drummond,  at  a  cost 
of  16,000;.,  fbr  tbe  use  of  the  peculiar 
"Chnrah"  ("True  Aportolic")  of 
which  he  waa  the  bead.  A  south- 
easterly drive  from  here  (1  hr.),  across 
Albnry  and  8here  commons,  asoend- 
ing  through  wooded  lanes,  leads  to 
Ewkurtt.  from  which  is  obtained  a 
very  striking  view  of  the  Weald  of 
Sussex.  From  the  ch.  the  road  to  the 
N.W.  gradually  winds  over  the  Downs, 
tlie  behest  point  of  which  ia  reached 
at  ^eiMan^i  Comer,  2  m.,  to  the 
B,W.  of  which  stands  tbe  ch.  of  Bt 


■JSQ.  1*7 

Martha,  built  on  a  beatb  and  fem- 
oovered  hiU  of  about  600  ft.  On  the 
same  road,  and  about  6  min.  walk 
from  the  Cathedral,  are  some  of  the 
Duke's  &rm-honsee,  at  the  flrst  of 
whioh  ia  kept  tbe  key  of  tbe  gate 
leading  to  tbe  Sberbonie  Pond,  com- 
monly known  in  the  neighbonrbood 
as  the  SUatt  Pool,  tbe  most  romantio 
spot  near  London,  which  the  touriat 
should  not  faU  to  visit  A  very  ple«^ 
aant  and  easy  2  days'  walkinfi'  exoor- 
sion  may  be  made  from  Dorking, 
passing  over  the  N.  Downs  by  Hock- 
burst  downs,  "Evershed's  lionghs," 
where  tbe  late  Bp.  of  Winchester  was 
killed  (see  Uemorial  Btonc  there), 
continuing  to  Coombe  Bottom,  known 
also  as  Juniper  Hill,  and  Newlaud'a 
Comer;  tbcnce  to  Qutld/ord,  where 
sleep.  Next  morning  prooeed  by  road 
to  Shalford,  and  so  to  ChUworth,  itiep- 
ing  St.  Martha's  Ch.  on  the  N.,  and 
Aibury  (where  Martin  Tapper  re- 
sides). On  reaching  the  True  Apos- 
tolic Oatbedral,  diverge  to  see  the 
Silent  Pool  (see  anle),  and  returning 
to  the  road,  take  the  first  gate  on  rt,, 
whioh  leads  to  Shere.  Lundi  at  the 
White  Horse  Inn ;  after  whioh  keep 
to  the  pretty  road  to  OonuhaU, 
Abinger  Haimmer,  and  Dorking.  Last. 
though  not  tbe  least,  deligbtfal  ez- 
from  Dorking,  is  that  to  Bkc- 

ilim:  Fox  and  Hounds,  at 
iridge).  From  here  tbe 
asoent  of  the  hill  should  be  made. 
Takiog  tbe   path   outside  tbe  hotel 

Jiremises,  the  pedestrian  soon  over- 
ooka  the  house  and  grounds  of  Bur- 
ford  Lodge  (Sir  TrCTor  Laurence). 
The  view  of  the  bill  from  this  aide  U 
rery  striking.  The  sommit  gained  (to 
wluch  there  ia  also  a  carnage  road), 
the  visitor  may  roam  at  pleasure 
throngh  the  woods— a  very  favourit« 
resort  of  pio-nio  parties— and  enjoy 
occasionally  the  noble  views  of  the 
surrounding  country.  There  is  a  cot- 
tage at  the  tap,  for  the  anppty  of  hot 
water  and  1ic;bt  refreshments.  Oppo- 
site tiie  hotel  ia  a  lane  to  Westhumble 
and  Fridley  Meadows,  a  very  pleasant 
walk,  and  a  abort  distance  below  the 
wooden  bridge  leading  into  the  mea- 
dows is  a  group  of  those  remarkable 


148 


DOTEDALE^DOVEB. 


wMch  the  river  Molel 

disappears  at  intorvala.  Beyond  the 
meadowB,  a  path  ascends  to  Norburj/ 
Park  (see  thnre  the  Druid's  grove^ 
vhence  the  walk  may  be  coutmued  to 
MickUham,  and  theaco  back  by  Bur- 
ford  Bridge,  The  iralk  fram  Burfbrd 
Bridge  to  Leatherhead  ia  delightful 
(see  Leatherhead). 

Dovedule,  Tour  oy  (Derby.), 
atartia^point  AaM>imr7ie  [see),  Stot.. 
North  Staffs.  Riy.,  35  m.  from  Maccles- 
fleld.  Take  tho  road  to  Mappleton, 
nearly  2  m.  (Jnn;  Okeover  Aims),  a 

CI  fishing  stelioQ,  and  then  cross 
Dove  to  Okeover.  The  HaU  (H.  0. 
OkeoveTjEsq.)  oonlains  a  few  goodpio- 
tnrea,  a  Holy  Family  (the  "Pearl"), 
hjRaphatl.  TheCi.iswellreBtoredby 
Soott  Oo  npposite  side  of  the  Dove, 
3  m.  Jirom  Manpleton,  and  midway 
between  that  place  and  Itam,  ia  the 
Tillage  of  Tlurrpe.  The  Ch.  is  a  very 
ancient  atruoture,  pictoresqneiy  si- 
tuated on  the  top  of  a  hill,  from  which 
are  fine  views  of  the  Dove  at  its 
jnnotioii  with  the  Manifold.  Ikaa  ia 
a  beautiful  village  on  the  Manifold 
river,  nliich  some  miles  higher  np  is 
joined  by  the  Hamps,  and  has  a 
partly  nnderground  couiae.  ilont  ifoU 
(J-Watts-Busaell,  Esq.)  is  aflne  modem 
Tudcs  toansiou.  In  the  giotinda  are 
the  eA.  (restored  by  BeoU),  which  con- 
tains Uie  eoily  shrine  of  St.  Bertbo- 
lia,  and  a  mausoleum,  wilh  a  statue 
by  Chantrey  of  the  fitther  of  Mia. 
Watts-Buasell.  The  viUaga  is  charm- 
ing— see  the  Bleanor  cross  drinking- 
fountain  lo  memory  of  Mrs.  Watta- 
Bnssell.  At  Ilam,  ciois  the  Manifold 
rivet  lo  the  *lxaak  IToffon  Jnn  — 
tickets  for  &ihing  may  be  had  here — 
5  m.  iiom  Ashhonme.  at  the  foot  of 
flunrier,  which,  with  Thorpe  Cloud  oo 
opposite  bank,  guards  the  entrance 
to  Dovedale,  the  principal  points  of 
which  are  the  rocks  called  Titti-agton 
SpiTBi,  Seyaard't  Hall,  a  cavern  fa- 
monsforpic-nics:  \heDoveHolet;  Mill 
Pale.  9  ra.  i  and  Load  MUl,  1  m.  be- 
yond, where  the  most  romantic  scenery 
Higher  up  is  Beretford  DaU, 
'    m.  long,  a  pleasing  so — 


abont    i    m.  long,  ..  , 

where  are  the  Pilie  Bool  and  Soek,  the 
latter  apringing  up  in  the  middle  of  the 


At  the  bead  of  the  glen  is  the 
flsbing-honse,  built  by  C.  Cotton, 
1674.  in  memory  of  his  friend  Izaak 
Walton.  The  tourist  may  go  on 
through  Hariinglon  (see),  |  m.  be- 
yond, and  14  m.  from  Ashbourne,  to 
Suxlon,  14  nj.,  or  return  to  Ash- 
bourne. Before  quittii^  Ilam,  the 
tourist  should  walk  2  m.  up  the  Mani- 
fold to  ThrowUy  (Garl  Cathcart),  and 
4}  m.  to  That's  Cave,  overlooking  tha 
river,  in  which  many  interwrtkig 
Bomoae-Britaiiuic  relics  have  been 
foufid. 

Dover  (Kent).  Blats.,  South- 
Easiem,  and  London,  Chatham,  and' 
Dover  Elys.  InTti:  The  Lord  War- 
den H.,  close  to  the  pier;  ••Dover 
Oastle  H. ;  King's  Head  H. ;  all  lacing 
the  harbour  and  close  to  railway  sta- 
tions ;  Esplanade  H. ;  The  Harp, 
Strond-Bt3«et ;  'Bhakespeare,  Bench- 
street  ;  Rojal  Oak,  Cannon-street. 

The  Pier  ia  a  noble  work,  extenditig 
TOO  yds.  into  the  sea,  forming  one  side 
of  the  proposed  harbour  of  refuge. 
A  fort  is  being  constructed  at  the  &- 
oiination.  On  the  W.  side  is  a  raised 
promenade,  whence  flne  views  of  the 
sea,  the  French  coast,  and  of  Dover 
Castle,  Ac,  are  oblaiaed.  Both  Bail- 
way  Companies  have  lines  on  Hie  Pier, 
so  that  passengers  are  conveyed  within 
a  few  paces  of  the  Mail  Packets,  which 
leave  twice  daily  for  Calais  and 
Ostend, 

The  CaslU,  1  m.  bom  r»lway 
station,  across  the  harbour,  oocnpies 
a  commanding  «le,  and  a  qiece  of 
35  acres.  There  are  two  entrances, 
one  of  which  called  the  New  Entrance, 
or  Fulbert  de  Dover's  Tower,  is 
usually  open  to  the  public.  It  is 
approached  &om  the  top  of  Castle- 
street  by  a  long  flight  of  steps,  or 
by  a  zigzag  carriage  road. 

The  Ke^  remains  cooust  of  3 
storeys;  the  view  fiotn  the  top  of  it 
(468  ft.)  is  magnificent  The  interior, 
containing  the  "  Ik^al  Apartments," 
"  Harold's  Well."  Ac,  can  be  seen  on 
application.  Near  tha  cliff  are  the 
handsome  Artillery  Barracks,  built  in 
1858,  in  iiDnt  of  which  is  placed  a 
curious  specimen  of  Kunnery,  called 
Queen  Elizabeth's  Pocket  Pistol. 


DBIFFIELD-DUDLEY. 


149 


Tlie  Flioroi,  or  wntch-tower,  an 
intereBtiiiz  Boman  remain,  and  the 
cL  of  "  St  Maiy  wilMn  the  Castle," 
foi  vhioh  great  antiqnity  is  claimed, 
and  oantaining  double  pUdnai  &□., 
are  well  worthy  of  note. 

The  onde^romid  woiks,  of  great 
extent,  maj  be  seen  by  order,  obtained 
at  Brigade  OfBce,  Castle -street. 

Of  the  Prion/  of  St.  Martin,  the 
Gat«bonse  and  nefectoiy  remain,  and 
are  now  included  in  the  gionnds 
of  Dover  College,  the  Bofectorf,  a. 
good  room,  nearly  perfect,  being  oaed 
as  the  achoolroom.    Part  of  the  dor- 


mitorr  aiao  renuiina, 
&nn  DoildingA. 


The  Priory  Stat  of  the  Lond.  Chat. 
&  Dover  BIy.  is  a  short  distanoe  W. 

The  JHuHutn,  which  is  open  to  the 
poblio,  contains  a  good  collsction  of 
natuial  history  and  local  antiqnities. 

The  Seighl*  and  Satteriei,  beyond 
the  town,  W.,  are  more  elevated  than 
tba   Oastle.     Gravel    walks,    usually 

3>en  to  the  public,  are  carried  all 
oog  tbe  heights,  and  the  view  from 
them  across  tbe  town  to  tbe  Caatle  is 
vary  striking.  Admis«ioa  to  the  forti- 
fications aud  citadel  is  usually  free, 
bot  being  a  matter  of  favour  on  tbe 
part  of  the  authorities,  it  is  subject  to 
altaation  at  their  will.  The  Bar- 
racks here  have  a  oomnaunication 
with  the  town  by  a  Hilitsiy  Shaft. 
a  triple  staircase  of  140  step«,  eoter- 
Ing  from  Snargate-itreet.  A  deep 
valley  separates  these  heights  from 
Eay,  or  Shakeipeare'i  Clif. 

&.  pleasant  excursion  to  St.  I, 
jfuiuf  1,  OF  BradioU  Abbey,  3  m.] 
Also  to  8f.  Margarefi  at  Cljffe. 
Margarel^B  Bay,  uid  the  South  Fore- 
land, vhere  the  splendid  Elecbic 
Lighthonse  may  be  seen.  The  pro- 
poKd  Channel  Tunael  ia  to  start  uom 

Communications  by  coach  to  Deal, 
9  m..  i  times  a  day. 
DoYBBCOCBT,  See  Harwich. 
Down  Ampkev.  see  CrteHade. 
DowHTON  (Salop),  see  Lndioa. 
DowNTOH  (Wilta.),  see  SaliAury. 
Dratton.  see  Thrapdone. 
Dr&ttoh  Babsetf,  see  TamaorOi. 
Driffield,  c;reat(VorksO 


Jnno.  Stat.  N,E.  Ely.,  10  ra.  from  Hull 
and  11}  m.  from  Bridlington.  Inm: 
*BeU ;  Ctobb  Keys.  3  m.  S.W.  is  the 
most  interesting  ch.  (late  Norn).)  of 
Kirkbama  (see  also  Severley  and 
Bri^ington). 

Dboitwicb,  see  Worttder. 

DroDfleld  (Derbysh.)  — Stat. 
MidUnd  BIy.,  8}  m.  &tnt  Bhfgidd. 
(Jnn:  Blue  Poet] — a  small  town  on 
the  Drone ;  has  a  fine  Dec.  Ch.,  witli 
lofty  spire,  sedilia,  and  an  altar-tomb 
of  a  knight,  probably  one  of  the  Fan- 
shawee.  Exeanioni. — (a)  4}  m.  N.  to 
Beauehief  Abbey,  now  modeniised,  bnt 
still  retaining  its  venetftble  tower,  oud 
a  portion  of  tbe  nave.  There  are  8 
beantiM  Nonn.  arches.  2  m,  £.,  at 
Norton  village,  is  an  obelisk  of  (cranite 
Chantrty,  a  native.    The  Ch.  hoa 

□numents  to  the  Blyths. 

DBOFHOae,  see  Thama. 

lnidle:r  (Worce8.)~Btat  for 
3  lines:  Gt.  W„  South  Staff,  and  Lon- 
don *  North-Westem  Blya.  (Tnn: 
Dudley  Arms,  tolerable) — is  a  most 
important  ironwork  town  of  the  Bla«k 
Couotrv,  well  built,  and  pictureijjutdy 
sitnated.  Overhangiug  the  station  is 
tbe  Cattle  Hill  (admission  freeX  a 
charmingly  wooded  eminence,  with  a 
splendid  view  over  the  mining  dis- 
tricts of  WorceBler  and  South  Staf- 
fordshire, with  a  fine  background  of 
hills.  Crowning  it  are  the  ruins  of 
Dudley  Catth,  an  oblong  area  of  an 
acre,  eurrounded  by  a  wall  flanked 
with  towers  of  late  Perp.  date.  The 
great  tower  and  keep  are  Early  Dec, 
and  excellent  specimens  of  castel- 
lated ornamented  work.  Underneath 
the  hill  are  large  caverm,  in  the  upper 
Silurian  limestone  (Wenhwk),  through 
which  tlio  Dudley  Canal  is  carried. 
It  is  of  no  use  visiting  them  except 
on  special  oocaaious,  when  they  are 
lighted  up. 

In  the  Marketplace  is  a  splendid 
Fountain,  by  Fonyth,  given  by  tho 
Earl  of  Dudley,  In  the  Benaissance 
style.  Tbe  Geological  JHuieum,  at  the 
Public  Hall,  is  very  rich  in  local 
foiBtla,  and  particularly  in  Silurian 
trilobiles,  which  abound  at  the  CaaOe 
Hill  and  at  Wren'i  Neit,  1  m.  W..  a 
curious  dome,  which  has  be«a  quarried 


ISO 


DVFfflELD—DmHIOW. 


both  ineride  and  oat  till  it  is  a  perfect 
boaeyoomb.  Bxatraiom. — To  EnriUe 
Hali—in  StafibrdBhire — and  Gardens 
(E.  of  Stamibrd  and  Warrington ;  ad- 
Bu'saionTnesdaya  and  Fridays),  11  m.; 
EimUs  (lady  Ward),  *  m.;  and,  i  m. 
8.  of  Himley,  lo  Bolbeach,  an  old 
manslou  in  wMoh  wme  of  the  Gon- 
powder  Plot  conspirBtoiB  were  takon 
or  killed. 

Onffleld  (Derby.).  Stat.,  Mid- 
land Rly.,  a  pret^  village  on  rt.  bank 
of  the  Derwent  The  Ch.  (dohased 
Perp.)  has  Montmumti  to  (a)  Sir  K. 
UynoTB  and  Lady,  ISSS ;  (6)  to  An- 
thony Bradsbaw,  great-nncle  of  Presi- 
dent Bradshaw,  file  regicide.  From 
here  a  branch  line  nms  off  N.W.,  to 
WirknnorOi  {Intu ;  Geoi^ ;  Lion), 
beantifiilly  sitnated. 

Dtloe,  see  Liikeard. 

Dulverton  , 
mid\ray  between  Taunton  and  Sam- 
tUyile.  Jntis;  KedLion;  LambjWhite 
Hut.  The  townissituatediaan amphi- 
theatre of  biUe,  wooded  in  large  covers 
for  the  ted  deer,  and  the  river  Barle 
dashes  past  nnder  a  bridga  of  5  arohes. 
It  has  many  attractions  for  the  artist 
or  sportsman.  The  ecenery  is  beau- 
tiful; the  troul^fisMng  free  to  the 
pnblio  ss  &r  as  the  border  of  the 
forest ;  and  the  stag  and  fox  hnnting 
on  Eionoor,  of  a  peonliar  and  exciting 
desoiiption.  Notice  the  views  fi«m 
the  ch.-yd.  and  bridge,  and,  above  all, 
fimn  JUoutit  Sydetmam,  In  a  wood 
above  the  ch, 

A  short,  bnt  delightfol,  Exeurtion  . 
to  HujAer  Combe  (a  hnnting-bos  of 
Sir  T.  Dyke  Aoland),  letnming  by 
the  Barle.  The  distance  by  the 
foreBt,  Bed  Deer  Inn,  and  Sinxons- 
bath  to  Lynbm  (see),  is  23  m.  (charged 
26  m,  posting),  a  pleasant  vralk 
in  sommer  time.  Bampton  {Eotel: 
White  Hoise),  also  pleasant  quartets 
for  the  angler  or  lu^t,  is  5  m.  S. 
There  is  a  magnifloent  view  fiom  the 
cL-yd.  The  ot^ects  of  iutereet  in  the 
iminediate  neighboorhood  are  the 
Limaione  Quarrtsf,  and  the  sceneij 
of  the  first  mile  of  the  Wiveliscomfae 
road.  On  the  road  to  TiverUm,  t  m, 
9., are  PixionPark  {B.  of  Carnarvon), 
-id  2|  in.,  Bdirittgi  {Inn :  Bine  Ad- 


ohot),  a  bamlet  much  J^neuted  by 
anglers. 

WiveUtearabt  (pron,  Wilacombe)  is 
12  m.  from  Dulverton.  Jnns:  Lion; 
BelL 

DulwJcta  (Surrey).  The  L.  C. 
t  D.  Rly.  has  a  station  4  m.  S,W.  of 
tha  CoUege ;  the  L.  B.  4  a  0.  Rly. 
one  the  same  distance  N.  Inns .-  The 
GreyhoDnd,  a  good  hotue,  near  Uie 
College;  the  Crown,  nearly  apposite. 
This  is  a  rural,  weU-timbercd,  and 
pleasant  village,  the  greet  attraction 
at  which  is  the  (MUae  of  Go^t  Oift, 
founded  by  Bdward  Alleyne,  the 
player,  a  contemporary  of  Bhakespeare, 
containing  an  important  collection  of 
piotnres,  bequeathed  by  Sir  Fmnoia 
Bourgeois  inlSll.  To  Uiia  gallery  the 
pnbUo  are  admitted,  without  charge 
and  uCAouf  tieketi,  every  week-day, 
during  the  smnroer  months,  &om  10 
till  5;  in  winter,  from  10  till  4. 

In  the  IXning  and  Audit  Boomt 
are  some  interesting  portraits,  some  of 
which  were  bequeathed  byWm.  Cart- 
wright  the  actor  in  1686.  TheMu-arjl 
contains  about  5000  vols.  To  those 
rooms  visitors  are  only  admitted  by 
special  order. 

The  CUJe^eCAopel  serves  also  as  the 
parish  church  of  Dolwioh.  The  altar- 
piece  is  a  oopf  of  Raphael's  Traus- 
Hguration.  In  the  chancel  is  a  marble 
slab,  marking  the  tomb  of  Edward 
AUefne,  the  Ibouder,  d.  1626. 

The  entrance  to  the  Pidme  OdHery 
is  from  the  road  on  the  N.  side  of  tbe 
College.  The  great  charm  of  ttua 
gallery  is  its  perfect  quiet,  and  the 
pictuies  may  at  any  tdme  be  inspected 
with  ease  and  comfort    There  are  five 

The  new  BehotiU  are  at  DuZtricft 
Comaum,  abont  }  m.  8.  of  the  Coll^ia 
(take  the  road  on  L  of  the  College  fnmi 
the  village). 

DuNBAU  Massey,  see  >4ItrtneAam. 

DntTEBBSWELL  Abbet,  SCO  Honibm, 

nunmavr,  Great.  (Bsser) 
—Stat,  Dnnmow,  Gt  E.  Rly.  (Jnn»,- 
Saracen's  Head;  Star;  White  Lion) 
— stands  on  the  Chelmer.  The  Ch. 
is  spacions,  Deo.  and  Peni.,  with  a 
lof^  tower,  above  the  W.  door  of 
which  are  the  armorial  bearings  of 


DUNMOW— DUNSTABLE. 


ISl 


Mortimei,  Bolimi,  Bonrcbier,  aaA 
Braybroohe,  benetacton  to  the  &bria. 
Sir  George  Beanmont,  the  painter, 
lived  bera.  At  8l^ibing,  3  m.  N.K,  is 
a  good  Deo.  CK.,  temp.  Ed.  II.,  chie^r 
Botioeeble  for  its  cbaocel-arob,  vrUch 
fomu  A  goreeii  of  stone  between  naTi 
and  chancel.  It  has  been  mnob  mn 
tilated.  There  ia  even  a  finer  azamph 
in  Great  BardjiM  Ch.,  5  m.  N.  Ii 
lAOU  Eatlon  Ch.,  2}  m.  N.W.,  lie 
Beveral  of  the  Booichien,  Earls  of 
EsBBL.  On  au  altar-tMnb  are  the  very 
fine  engraved  and  oolonied  brasaea  of 
£arl  Henry,  E.Q,  Lord  TreaanraT  to 
Hen.  VI.  and  Edw.  IV.,  and  Isabel 
Plautu^et,  hia  wi(^  anut  of  Edw. 
IT.  Tbia  is  one  of  the  five  brasses 
wluch  remain  of  Eni^tsof  tiie  Garter. 
There  are  also  noble  monuments  to 
the  Maynaid  iamity.  At  Tiltfy,  i  m. 
from  Dnnmow,  are  the  remains  of  a 
Cistercian  abbey,  foonded  in  1133. 
The  Ch.  deserves  notice.  Thaxted, 
S  m.  beyond  Tiltey,  oontains  one  of 
the  finest  and  most  interesting  ohurches 
in  Essex.  The  pnlpit  and  font  and 
the  csrved  bosses  of  tlie  roof  shonld  be 
noticed.  There  are  some  good  speci- 
mens of  ancient  domestic  architecture 
in  Thaited,  especially  the  old  building 
called  the  OuOdhalL 

1  m.  8.W.  of  Thatted  is  Boreham 
SiOl,  a  noble  mansion  of  Hen.  VU. 

FleAy  Mount,  7  m.,  is  well  worth 
visitijig  (860  CkelvttfoTd). 

DuiUtaMe  (Beds.).  There  are 
2  stations ;  the  Ckurch-ilreel  Stat.,  Q. 


Ely.,'  47^  m.  ftom  London.  These 
stations  are  oonneoted  by  laiL  Inm : 
The  'Sugarloaf;  Bed  Lion;  Sara- 
cen's Head.  The  town  is  situated 
at  the  foot  of  the  ChUtem  Hills.  A 
priory  was  foonded  here  by  Hen.  I., 
and  the  remaining  portion  (Norm,  and 
E.  E.)  of  the  Frioiy  Ch.  (close  to 
Chnrch-street  8tat)  is  very  fine  and 
interesting.  Since  1850.  7OO02.  has 
been  spent  in  restoration,  which  is 
still  in  pn^en. 

In  the  W.  front,  the  great  Norm, 
portal  is  retained.  It  recedes  in  4 
orders,  irith  rich  bands  <rf'  soolpture 


mnch  shattered.  The  N.  portal  is  rich 
E.  E.,  and  the  arcades  above  are  also 
E.  E.  The  E.-E.  turret,  at  the  N.W. 
angle  of  the  tower,  should  espedally 
be  noticed,  as  anusoal  in  design. 

Passing  into  the  cb.,  the  main  ar- 
cade of  seven  beys  is  Norm. 

The  W.  end  of  the  nave  is  E.  E. 
A  zigz^  lunonuds  the  arch  of  the 
main  portal ;  above,  ia  an  E.-E  open 
arcade,  very  curiously  managed.  The 
2  eastemmoBt  bays  of  the  old  nave  now 
serve  as  the  choir,  and  the  east  wall 
is  now  partly  covered  by  an  open 
screen  of  Parp.  character,  lemored 
from  Bcane  other  port  of  the  cb. 

In  the  N.W.  tower  are  8  bells, 
iiunous  for  the  sweetnees  of  their  tone. 
Of  the  domestic  bnildings  belonging 
to  this  great  prior;  there  are  bnt 
scanty  remains.  A  httle  in  &ont,  and 
in  advance  of  the  W.  &ont  of  the  ch., 
is  on  archway,  with  a  smaller  arch 
adjoining,  and  a  small  bonse  with  a 
square  window,  now  blocked,  on  the 
farther  side.  Tliis  mnst  have  been 
an  entrance  to  the  prior's  lodging. 
Bomewhat  W.  of  the  ch.,  in  a  boose 
belonging  to  "  Mnnt  and  Brown,"  is  a 
long  vaulted  substructure,  now  divided 
by  panellings  into  3  rooms. 

In  a  round  of  abont  5  a.  the  camps 
of  JUaiden  Bower  and  ToUenAne  may 
be  visited.  Abont  a  mile  from  Ihm- 
stable  ia  a  plateau  between  a  high 
hiU  8.,  on  which  are  5  ronnd  barrows, 
called  the  "  Five  Knolls,"  and,  on  the 
N.  side,  the  camp  of  "  Maiden  Boaxr." 
This  is  a  nearly  circular  area  of  abont 
9  acres,  enclosed  by  an  earthen  vallum 
from  6  ft.  to  11  tt.  high.  It  is,  no 
doubt,  a  British,  or  at  least  a  pre- 
Boman,  work.  }  m.  from  Maiden 
Bower  is  another  great  bill-fortreea, 
Totienihot  Cattle.  This  occupies  a 
ptqeoting  headland  of  the  downs,  with 
a  central  "keep," surrounded  b;  a  val- 
lum, and  a  second  of  irregular  form  at 
short  dislanoe. 

The  downs  here  have  been  qnarried 
fiom  a  very  early  period,  and  Tottem- 
hoo  stone,  or  "etumA,"  has  been 
largely  osed  for  internal  work  in  the 
churches  of  all  this  port  of  England. 
The  quaniea  are  wottn  visiting  by  the 
geologist 


The  Ch.  of  EaUm  Bray,  i  m.  S.W. 
of  Dnnatable,  is  worUi  a  visit.  It  ma; 
be  included  ia  the  eicursiou  to  Tot- 
temhoe  Castle,   Obssrve  ironwork,  late 


talon  is  diatant  10  min.  by  railway. 

DuKSTANBOBOUQH,  Bee  Alnitiuik  and 
EmbleUm, 

DuMSTER,  Bee  Bridguiaier,  Lynton, 
and  Taitntoa. 

DuNTON  Grbbn.  see  Chidekurit. 

DuNWiCH,  see  Lou>eetofl. 

Dlirtatkni  (Durham),  256  m. 
from  LondoD.  Q.  N.  Rly. ;  or  may  be 
readied  by  Mid].  Rly.,  via  Doncaater 
and  York;  and  20  luio.  by  tail  from 
Newcastle ;  3  lira,  from  Leeds :  1  hr. 
40  mill,  from  York.  Inn:  "County 
Hotel,  nearly  1  m.  from  Btation.  Au 
ancient  toyro,  almost  anrrounded  on 
three  Bides  by  the  river  Wear.  The 
lown  is  ent^m  from  tbe  ststiun  by 
Wramtedlgate  Bridge,  of  two  ancient 
arches,  90  ft.  in  span,  built  1120,  and 
lebnilt  in  15th  cent. ;  there  is  a  lovely 
view  looking  up  the  Wear  to  the 
"  Prebend's  Bridge,"  with  the  castle 
and  cathedral  on  wooded  height  on  1. ; 
hence  a  steep  narrow  street  of  ancient 
houses  leads  lo  the  somewhat  pic- 
Inresque  Markel-plate ;  on  N.  side  is 
the  modern  Qothic  oh.  of  St.  Nicholas, 
in  front  of  which  Is  the  bronze  eques- 
trian statue  of  the  Martmis  of  London- 
derry by  Monti;  on  W.  is  the  Tovm 
Bail,  with  portraits  of  Charles  II.  and 
Bp.  Ciewa;  the  statue  of  Neptune  is 
of  date  1729.  Hence  a  steep  street 
rt.  leads  to  the  Palace  Green,  on  W, 
side  of  which  is  (1)  The  Exchequer, 
containing  a  valuable  collection  of 
books  bequeathed  to  the  University 
of  Durham  by  Dr,  Eouth,  Bp.  Malt- 
by,  and  Dr.  Wiulerbottora ;  (2)  Bp. 
Cotin'a  Library,  where  is  a  fine  copy 
of  lirst  edition  of  Shakespeare  and 
others :  (3)  The  LectuTe  Roam*  of  Oie 
Univereity;  (4)  tbe  Krister  Office 
of  the  County  Court.  On  N.  side  is  the 
CaitU  (chiefly  12th  cent.,  but  with 
more  modern  additions),  now  belong- 
ing to  the  University,  Admission  by 
tickets,  la.  each,  procured  at  tbe 
potter's  lodge.  The  Norm,  gallery  and 
keep  are  not  shown  unless  specially 
asked  for.     It   is   entered  from  tbe 


N.W.  comer  of  the  Green  by  the 
Norm,  areh  of  Dp.  Pudaej  (1174); 
the  old  doors  and  bolts  are  curious. 
On  passing  the  gate,  tlie  visitor  is  at  I 

once  m  the  courtyard ;  on  &.  ia  tb« 
gateway,  E.  the  keep,  restored  since 
the  castie  has  been  in  possession  of  the  < 

University,  and  occupied  as  rooms  tor 
thestudents;   N.E.  isthechapelof  Bp.  '\ 

Tunstall ;  N.  tlic  two  original  balls  of  j 

Pudaey;  W.  the  present  hall  and 
kiteheD^-oll  these  are  adorned  with 
the  fbnnder'a  arms.  From  the  N.W. 
comer  a  passage  leads  to  the  Nona. 
Chapel,  prolnbbi'  part  of  the  original 
Norm,  bnilding;  the  round  and  mas- 
sive columns  are  curiooslj  omwaented ; 
a  staircase  near  entrance  of  the  chapel 
lends  up  to  what  is  now  called  the 
Norm.  Oallery,  containing  a  very  re- 
markable range  of  Norm,  arches,  deco- 
rated internally  with  zigiog  ornament ; 
a  door  at  end  of  this  gallerf  leads  bo 
the  striking  and  picturesque  Black 
Stairease,  erected  by  Bp.  Cosin,  16fi5  ; 
it  is  usually  approached  from  below, 
when  the  first  door  on  1.  leads  to  the 
Oreat  Mall  of  Bp.  Hatfield ;  at  the 
upper  end  and  dowji  the  sides  are  por- 
traits of  Bp.  Van  Mildert  and  other 
founders  of  tbe  University ;  the  pic- 
tures of  the  Apostles  were  brought 
from  Spain  by  Motdaont,  Earl  of 
Peterborough ;  the  collection  of  por- 
traits of  English  bisliops  was  made  by 
Bp.  Cosin,  whose  portrait  is  at  S.  end, 
between  Charles  I.  and  II.:  the  pikes 
and  halberis  are  relics  of  tbe  feudal 
bishops;  beyond  tbe  hall  ia  theBuf- 
tery ;  close  beside  it  ia  entrance  to  tbe 
kilcben,  wbicbfis  of  great  size  ;  h^her 
on  Black  Staircase,  a  door  1.  leads  to 
raised  walk  encircling  the  keep,  which 
should  be  visited  for  tbe  views.  The 
Keep  stands  on  on  artificial  mound 
44  ft.  high,  and  is  of  octagonal  form 
63  ft.  in  diameter ;  it  was  rebuilt  for 
the  University  by  Salvin,  on  ancient 
Norm,  fbon^tion ;  an  oak  screen 
aoparal«s  the  staircase  from  Bp.  'i^n- 
stair  a  Gallery,  hung  with  ancient 
tapestry ;  here  is  tlie  magnificent  and 
richly  moulded  Norm,  arch,  which 
formed  the  original  outer  dooi-way  of 
the  castle  of  Pudeeyi  the  zigzag 
moulding  round  tbe  ontermost  OKh  is 


modurD.  The  Lower  Hall  contaias 
(I)  TheSenate  Rxna  of  Ike  IMixnUy, 
which  baa  carvad  flreplaca  of  time  of 
Bp.  James;  tiie  tapeetir  on  tho  wells 
repieseute  bistoi;  of  Ho«es;  (2)  the 
Common  Room,  which  baa  a  Que 
otigiual  poitcait  of  Jeremjr  Tajlor  and 
others;  bejoad  the  g^eiy  of  Bp. 
Tunstall  ia  the  Ckapd,  also  built  by 
bim ;  the  carred  screen  work  and  stalls 
are  relics  of  an  earlier  cbapel ;  one  of 
the  Misereres,  representing;  a  nan 
driving  a  woman  in  a  wheelbarron,  is 
curious:  Uie  paaels  iataid  with  figures 
of  the  four  Evangelists,  St.  Pel«r  and 
St.  Paal,  and  the  altar,  are  portions  of 
the  former  pulpit  of  the  cathedral.  At 
the  foot  of  the  staiicase  is  a  small 
gallery  or  reading-room  fitted  up  with 
some  rich  oak  carving  once  belonging 
to  Bp.  Cosiu's  screen,  separating  the 
nave  from  dioir  of  the  catliedraL  The 
miling  separatiQg  ttie  ch.-yd.  from  the 
Green  was  the  point  where  fugitives 
became  safe  within  the  sanctuary  of 
St,  Cntbbert,  to  whom  the  CafhedTid 
iras  originally  dedicated.  The  original 
building  dates  from  lltb  cent;  the 
Galilee  was  added  1170 ;  the  £.  tmu- 
sept  or  Cbapel  of  the  Nine  Altars, 
J289;  the  exterior  was  "chiselled" 
ia  17TS,  which  destroyed  mnch  Norm, 
work,  the  Norm,  wiuduws  being  filled 
with  mulliona  and  tracery  of  a  later 
period,  and  the  low  battlement  round 
the  W.  towers  replaced  by  open  para- 
pet work  and  pinnaclee  with  Ibdian 
mouldingH ;  at  N.W.  end  of  E.  transept 
ortheNineAltflrs{piMi)  ia  the  carving 
of  the  Duu  Cow.  connected  with  the 
legend  of  the  resting-place  of  St  Cuth- 
berl's  body;  in  the  ch.-yd.  are  some 
interesting  monnments,  among  others 
an  effigy  neat  N.  porch,  round  wliich 
several  traditions  linger ;  the  chief  ■— 
trance  is  now  the  N.  doorway,  a  i 
and  deeply  recessed  Norm,  arch ;  fixed 
to  this  djxir  is  the  &,mous  Norm. 
Imocker  which  gained  fugitives  en- 
trance to  the  sanctuary:  on  entering, 
the  Naite,  by  far  the  grandest  epecimen 
of  Norm,  architecture  eiistiug  in  Eng- 
land, presents  an  nnbruken  vista  such 
as  exists  in  no  other  English  cathedral; 
several  of  the  massive  colamns  (23  ft. 
cound)  are  onutmeiited  by  fluted,  zig- 


153 

lozenge  -  shaped   furrows ; 

proceeding  regularly  mand  the  ch.,  rt. 
of  doorway  is  the  font,  adorned  with 
from  the  life  of  St.  Cutbbert ; 
between  the  pillar  nearest  the  font  and 
the  corresponding  one  on  S.  of  nave, 
observe  in  pavement  the  .BOundoru 
Ctoh  of  blue  marble,  beyond  whicli 
females  were  not  permitted  to  ad- 
irooeedine  down  N-  aisle  of 
,  under  the  N.W.  tower  (I.) 
is  ft  large  monument  of  the  Sharps 
family,  bv  Chantrey,  and  below  it  th^t 
of  Dr.  Thomas  Zouch;  the  great  W. 
window  is  Med  with  stained  glass  by 
Clayton  and  Bell,  the  gift  of  Dean 
Waddington ;  its  tracery  rssembles  that 
of  great  W.  window  of  York  ;  two  ade 
doors  surmounted  by  modem  stained 
glass  windows,  representing  St.  Bede 
and  St.  Cuthbert,  lead  to  The  Oalilee 
(76  ft.  &om  N.  to  S..  40  ft,  from  B.  to 
W.),  whose  walls  project  over  and  are 
incorporated  with  the  solid  cliff:  this 
chapeL  is  unrivalled  aa  a  perfect  speci- 
men of  tiansition  from  Norm,  to  B.E. ; 
the  four  rows  of  columns  atid  arches 
ptoduce  a  richness  and  intricacy  to  be 
found  in  no  otber  buildinj;  in  Eng- 
land ;  the  altar-stone  of  blue  marble, 
with  its  five  croasea,  still  remains; 
above  tomb  nnder  blocked-up  arch, 
where  Bp.  lingjey  was  buried,  observe 
remaining;  figures  in  fresco,  said  to  re- 
present Richard  I.  and  Bp.  Pudsey, 
and  valuable  as  examples  of  oostume ; 
at  aw.  corner  of  the  Galilee  ia  a 
large  altar-tomb  covered  by  a  slab  of 
blue  marble,  with  tlie  inscription 
''  Hsc  smit  in  fossa  Bedie  venerabilis 
ossa;  "  this  was  erected  at  the  Befor- 
mation ;  near  the  great  W.  window  is  a 
tiny  chamber  of  Bp.  Langley's  time, 
probably  used  as  a  vestry ;  on  N.W. 
wall  is  a  monument  of  Dean  Hunt, 
1G3S:  returning  to  the  nave  in  8.W. 
chapel  is  a  monument  with  bust  to  Sir 
George  Whaler ;  here  ia  a  richly  carved 
cover  of  font  (now  at  Pid^ungton) 
given  by  Bp.  Cnsin ;  rt  ia  S.  door  lead- 
ing to  tJve  cloisters,  with  rich  Norm, 
omamenls ;  the  ironwork  is  remark- 
able; between  the  pillars  separating 
aisle  from  nave  are  the  Neville  tombs, 
the  £rst  being  that  of  John  Lord 
Neville  (d.  1389)  and  hia  wife,  and  tlis 


IH  '     DVH 

second  that  of  Balph  Lord  Neville  (d. 
ISKT)  and  hia  wife;  a  bine  marble 
slab  beside  the  first  eorers  the  grai 
d  Bobert  Neville,  Bp.  of  Durhan 
Atenttance  of  8.  traniepi  (it)  ie  the 
moaDmeDt  of  Sbote  Barrington,  by 
Chanlrey;  at  end  of  transept  is  the 
large  Perp.  window  (1400)  called  Te 
Deam,  from  the  hymn  once  painted 
on  it;  it  is  now  reflUed  with  atained 
glass  as  before,  by  Clayton  and  Bell,  ~ 
memoij  of  the  ]aie  Archdeacon  Thorp, 
the  first  Warden  of  the  UniverBity.  A 
fclse  srch  in  Norm,  arcado  tonnd  the 
w«lls  leads  to  the  CAopter  Some, 
buUt  1133-43,  and,  np  to  1799, 
TEJled  for  its  architecture  and  te 
ments ;  here  many  of  the  bishops 
buried.  A  new  screen,  ailer  a  design 
by  Sir  a  G.  BootL  is  now  (1876)  in 
conise  of  erection  between  the  Choir 
and  nave ;  the  groined  ceiling  was 
erected  by  Bp.  Hotonn  (1289)  " 
stall  work  is  temp.  Charles  SI.  , 
choir  is  terminated  bj  the  AUar 
Screen,  ereoled  1380,  a  ma«nifii»at 
specimen  of  early  Feip.  tabernacle 
work;  the  arms  of  Neville  remain  on 
the  doorways  leading  to  the  shiioe;  the 
whole  was  partially  restored  1857 
the  piinoipal  monmnent  """"  ""  """ 
of  Bp.  Haffleld  (Lord  "'- 
of  England,  d.  1881), 
twnb  and  aa  throne  for  his  i 
contains  remains  of  its  ai 
iag,  end  is  highly  illostratlTe  of  the 
episcopal  oostnme  and  statuary  art  of 
tno  period ;  the  central  shield 
tomb  bears  the  arms  of  England ;  be- 
neath the  altar  is  the  tomb  of  Bp.  Beau- 
mont (d.  1333) ;  immediately  behind 
the  altar-screen  andon  level  with  choir, 
is  a  kind  of  raised  platform  called 
The  Feretory,  in  centre  of  which  St. 
Cuthbert  was  buried,  and  where  stood 
his  shrine.  In  B.  aisle  of  choir,  at  base 
of  Batfietd's  tomb,  is  the  gravestone  of 
Einerio  de  Lomley,  Prior  of  Lytham 
(abont  1333) ;  at  E.  end  is  the  entranee 
of  the  E.  transept,  always  known  aa 
!Z^  Nine  AUart,  the  largest  chapel  in 
the  kingdom  (bnilt  1235-1275).  Be- 
tween  the  Nine  Altars  and  N.  aisle  of 
choir,  is  a  long  atone  bench  omamenl^ 
with  arms  of  Bp,  Skirlaw,  where  once 
stood  a  splendid  porch ;  the  Clndtrrf 


on  B.  of  nave  were  b^un  1368,  and 
flnislied  middle  of  following  centnry; 
the  windows  and  all  the  ornaments  are 
Ferp.,  the  ceiling  is  said  to  l>e  of  Irish 
c^ ;  in  centre  stands  the !  stone  lava* 
tory  of  the  monks ;  E.  are  the  cbaptei- 
honse  and  prior's  residence  (now  the 
deanery) ;  N.  the  refectory  (Bow  the 
Library  and  kitchen) ;  W,  the  dormi- 
tory (now  the  New  library) ;  beneath 
dormitory  is  the  Treasury,  finming 
part  of  a  large  crypt,  which  fonns 
commnnication  with  the  college,  and 
a  great  part  of  which  remains  m  its 
original  state;  here  are  a  skeleton  of 
a  whale  tbrnid  when  the  keep  of  the 
castle  was  restored,  some  curious 
sculptnres,  and  the  huge  coffin  of 
Oospatricna  Gomes,  Earl  of  Dunbar, 
wbo  became  a  monk ;  at  N.W.  corner 
of  cloisters  is  the  entrance  by  a  broad 
staircase  to  the  Sea  LOrrary,  which 
contains  a  nnmber  of  Boman  altars 
cliiefiy  brought  from  I«ncbeatar,  also 
Bason  carved  stones,  principally  &om 
Hexham ;  at  end  of  room  is  a  full 
length  portrait  of  Dean  Waddington  ; 
at  S.E.  a  door  leads  to  the  OU  Li- 
brary, where  is  a  carious  portrait  of 
"  Queene  Marie,"  and  the  ordinal 
bills  for  ma.lring  the  graves  of  Cuth- 
bert and  Bade :  on  application  to  the 
librarian,  may  be  seen  the  CoHechim 
of  M8S.  once  belonging  to  the  monas- 
tery, unrivalled  in  England  for  isri^, 
anuqnity,  and  the  beauty  of  their  illu- 
minations. On  entering  Oolite  Oreon 
from  the  cloisters,  the  first  building  oa 
the  L  is  the  Prior's  EUdien  (now  the 
Dean's  Kitchen),  dating  1S68-70.  The 
Deanen/  retains  an  E.-E.  crypt  under 
what  was  the  prior's  domestto  chapel, 
and  in  one  of  the  bedrooms  is  a  boia- 
tiful  paneUed  oak  ceiling ;  the  Dean't 
Garden  was  the  old  cemetery  of  the 
monastery.  The  original  Mibej/  Gate- 
wy,  built  1494^1619,  itiU  gives  acoesa 
to  the  niuare  &om  the  Bailey ;  on  one 
of  the  bosses  of  its  groined  roof  may 
be  seen  the  arms  of  its  founder  Castell; 
in  the  Bailey  is  the  ancient  Ch.  of  8L 
Mary4e-BotB,  so-called  from  the  arch 
of  its  tower,  which  once  spanned  the 
street;  inthe  B.Baileyis  the  CR.o/a. 
itaru  (12th  cent),  lately  abuoet  re- 
bnili  in  Nonn.  s^le;   in  chancel  is 


some  good  Elizabethan  ink  carnni 
imd  a  sonlptiiie  of  our  Savioni  witi 

the  four  Evangelists,  of  dre.  1200, 
bionght  from  church  of  Bt  GUe^s;  ' 
ch.-yd.  is  a  rideed  coffin-lid  of  an  i: 
known  prior  of  Dorham,  of  13th  cetit- 
An  abrupt  descent  beyond  this  c' 
leads  to  the  Prebend's  Bridge  0772).  _  _ 
one  of  the  most  beeatifol  viodings  of 
the  Weai,  whence  the  cathedral  is  seen 
towering  grandlj  on  rt  above  the  rich 

The  JtfiMeum  (Palace  Green)  coslainB 
a  good  colleotiou  of  British  birds,  and 
coat  of  the  celebrated  Polish  dwarf, 
Count  BomwhiskL  A  hill  on  the  S.W. 
is  crowned  b;  the  Obgervatory  of  the 
Univereity  of  Durham  (1841) ;  Ibe  hill 
afibrde  a  mt^niflceat  view,  whence  tlie 
peculiar  promonto^,  occupied  by  the 
city,  cathedral,  and  castle,  ia  seen  a,\- 
jaa&t  endrcled  by  the  Wear.  The  Ck. 
rising  conapiononslj  on  the  E.  is  that  of 
St.  OgtBiUd-in-Elva,  a  fine  Perp.  build- 
ing, on  site  of  an  ancient  £aioa  ch. ;  it 
has  fine  wooden  roof  and  staU-work. 
Connecting  the  cily  with  the  aubnrb 
of  Old  Mvet,  Is  Elvel  Bridge,  of  ten 
arches  (IIGO);  the  view  &om  a  stable 
yard  at  the  aW.  comer  of  the  bridge, 
of  its  vanerable  arches  Bopporting  a 
mass  of  qnsint  bnildings,  ia  highly 
pictnieaqne.  In  gilvei^rtieet  mav  be 
noticed  one  house  erected  by  Sir  .John 
Duck  (d.  1691);  a  panel  in  an  npper 
room  represente  him  when  a  butcher 
boy,  with  a  raven  flying  towards  him 
with  a  piece  of  money,  which  eventu- 
ally made  bia  ibrtuno.  In  the  long 
straggling  suburb  of  Gilesgate,  nm- 
oing  along  a  lidze  of  hill  on  VJE,.  of 
the  town,  is  the  Ch.  (restored  and  en- 
larged) of  St.  Gilet  (1112) ;  the  nave 
is  of  the  original  Norm. ;  within  the 
altar  rails  is  a  painted  effigy  of  John 
Heath, of Kepjer,  1590.  N.oftheoh,, 
near  the  old  railway  station.  Is  the 
mined  chapel  of  St.  Mary  Slagd^ilene 
(1439),  picturesquely  situated  in  a  gar- 
den; the  remains  of  the  GoOiic  E. 
window  and  a  few  walls  are  alone 
left. 

Durham  is  an  admirable  centre  for 
many  interesting  antiquarian  Excnr- 
SMDM. — (1)  To  Kepyer  Bo«piial  and 
Wood ;   a  picturesque  gateway  with 


SAM.  155 

wide  pointed  areh  rising  from  the  bank 
of  the  Wear,  is  all  that  remains  of  the 
Hotpibd  (femo.  Bichard  L),  1  m. ;  the 
path  beyond  leads  1  m.  to  the  lovely 

Kepyer  Woode,  vrhere  the  We«r  flows 
through  a  deep  wooded  rocky  ravine 
abounding  in  flowers.  The  eicursitm 
may  be  continued,  though  by  a  circn- 
itons  route,  to  yinduAe  Awy,  about 
2  m.  farther  on  (see  below).  (3)  To 
Shetbum,  2}  m.,  aud  FittingUm ;  i  ta. 
from  the  village  is  the  once  magni^ 
fioant  8lmba.m  Hotpital  (1161)  br 
lepeia,  now  only  an  almshouse  mi 
in&iuaty:  the  chapel,  restcaed  1864, 
aud  a  Norm,  tower  still  remain.  2  m. 
N.E.  of  Sherbum  is  PiUington  with  its 
interesting  Oh. ;  the  tower  is  Norm,  with 
octagonal  staircase  ftom  N.  wall ;  the 
N.  mda  of  nave,  nleo  Norm.,  has  iome 
strikiug  twisted  pillars ;  the  reet  of  the 
ch.  is  E.E.  (aboDt  1260),  except  a  pkin 
Norm,  door  under  the  porch.  (3)  To 
Moaied  Orange  at  Battiriia,  Whttteorih 
Hall,  and  Bramxpeth ;  from  end  of 
suburb  of  Old  Elvet,  a  pleesant  path 
leada  through  fields,  above  the  old 
raceconrse,  and  along  the  foot  of  a 
wooded  hill;  this  is  Maiden  Caelle, 
the  mined  fottlflcations  on  top  of 
whioh  are  said  to  be  both  Boman  and 
Saxon ;  close  by  is  a  green  conical 
mound  called  Mountjoy,  where  the 
bearers  of  St  Onthbot  first  halted ; 
rt,  in  the  fleldi,  is  the  moated  and  for- 
tified Manor  Boute  of  HougkaU,  said 
to  have  been  the  temporary  r^ridence  of 
Oliver  Cromwell ;  passing  bridge  and 
villi^e  of  Shiyidife,  a  path  tnroogh 
woods  on  1.  bank  of  river  leada  to  the 
peculiarly  pictmtsqne  Butlet^  (an- 
ciently Beautrove),  4  m. ;  the  ancient 
gateway  of  the  manor-honse  remains, 
with  moat  (dried  np)  and  a  long  green 
avenae.  If  the  &rmer  at  Butterby  will 
lead  his  cart  to  paas  shallbwa  of  the 
river,  a  much  shorter  route  may  be 
taken  in  returning,  by  crossing  the 
opposite  hilt;  or  the  excursion  may 
be  contdnned  to  the  anevent  Cattle  of 
lAe  NeviUei  at  Biancepeth,  about  H 
m.  S.W. ;  some  pietmeaque  ancient 
walls  and  turrets  remain  on  the  W.  and 
8.  sides;  &om  the  W.  alone  the  castle 
has  a  stately  and  feudal  appeatance; 


r  the  cellars,  which  r 


tain  Uieii  ancient  gioining.  ore  eloae 
wortli  vimting ;  the  room  called  the 
"  Barotu'  HaU"  is  nndeal,  and  bas 
B  collection  of  weapong,  some  of  wliicb 
Bie  «aid  tn  have  Dgnred  at  battle  of 
Neville's  Cross ;  attbeeod  is  stained 
glsw  window  by  Collier,  lepresenting 
Qiat  battle ;  two  fine  modern  olumnej'- 
pieces  have  bosta  of  Milton,  Sha^e- 
spcare.Locke,  andUocon;  the  Biawii'e 
beads  carred  on  the  furnitare  comme- 
morate the  origin  of  Uie  uame  of 
Bmacepeth  (Brairn's  patb).  Ctoae  in 
the  castle  is  tbe  renmrtable  Ch.  of  St, 
Brandon,  vhich  renmins  in  its  original 
state,  except  for  ti^ura.1  decay.  Tlie 
great  curiosity  of  the  ch.  is  the  exttser- 
dinary  mass  of  illuminated  geometrical 
panels  nailed  against  the  wall;  the 
qOBiat  poroh  on  N.  of  the  nave  iras 
built  by  Bp.  Cosiu  (c.  1660).  Brandon 
Hiil,  875  ft.  high,  jias  an  oblong 
tumnlus.  2J  m.  S.W.  of  Btancepeth 
U  WhttaorOt  Park  (B.  D.  Shafto,  Esq.), 
conlaioiDg  portiait  of  "  Bonnie  Bobbie 
Shaflo."  In  the  ch.-yd.  is  an  effigy  <A 
a  knight  in  armour,  with  closed  riaor, 
and  of  a  female  wiUi  the  armg  raised. 
The  return  &om  Btancepeth  to  Dur- 
ham may  be  made  by  rail  (J  hr.).  (4) 
To  NemU^t  Ooss,  .Bear  Park,  and 
Utkau)  Coliege ;  a,  deep  fem-fnnged 
lane  leads  up  hills  ou  W.  of  the  town, 
to  a  cross  road,  where,  overlooking  a 
■wide  eipanse  of  smoky  rounby,  stand 
mutilated  remains  of  NevilU't  Croat, 
BCene  of  the  BatOe  of  Ote  B^d  SiUt, 
Ootober  17th,  1346.  In  the  yaUey  S.W. 
of  the  batUe  field,  is  Aldin  Orange, 
where  an  andent  narrow  stone  bridge 
over  the  Browney  is  said  to  be  the 
spot  where  King  Sarid  hid  himself 
after  the  battle :  a  pleasant  walk  alone 
ridge  of  the  hill  leads  from  Neville^ 
Gross  to  tiio  beautifully  situated  Beau- 
repaire,  corruptly  called  Bear  Park,  a 
inoss-gcowD  gabled  fragment,  with  fine 
muUioned  window,  the  sole  remains  of 
the  country  palace  of  the  Priors  of 
Durham  (1244-5H)  :  the  return  to  Dur- 
hsm  may  be  made  by  the  Moak's  Road, 
which  will  afford  a  magnificent  view 
of  the  cathedral  and  town  above  the 
arches  of  the  railway  viaduct ;  oi 
excursion  may  be  continued  Co  Uekate 
College,  well  worthy  a  visit,  which  is 


situated  on  a  bleak  and  barren  hill, 
beyond  AHi-n  Grange,  4  xa.  W.  ixota 
Durham;  it  was  tbunded  ISOg,  as  a 
Roman  CaUlolio  seminary,  to  supply 
the  place  of  one  at  Dooay,  destroyed 
during  the  French  Bevoluliou.  Visi- 
'--j  can  sea  the  college  ou  appUcatitu 
the  President;  they  are  received 
a  room  containing  the  Virgin  snr- 
tonnded  by  angels,  Benozzo  Oozioli ; 
and  other  interesting  pictures.  The 
Befectory  is  a  very  fine  ball,  with 
oaken  roof,  and  has  portraits  of  Dr. 
Lingard,  Cardinal  Wiseman,  and  others. 
The  Frofettora'  Dining  Room  has  seve- 
ral good  pictures,  including  Susanna 
before  the  Judges,  EembraTidt,  and 
others  by  Tenieri  and  Bvbeni ;  over 
entrance  of  the  college  cbapel  is  a 
lai^e  picture,  by  Bub^u,  of  angels  la- 
menting over  the  Dead  Saviour.  SI, 
CuiUwrf'a  Chapd,  IMS,  is  a  beautiful 
and  costly  work  by  tbe  elder  Pugin. 
Fmm  here  tbe  excursion  may  be  eon- 
tiuued  3  m.  further  W.  to  Eab,  on  a  lof^ 
ridge,  with  extensive  views  over  the 
valleys  of  the  Browney  and  Demess, 
(5)  3i  m.  N,W.  of  Durham,  on  lui 
eminence  above  the  Browney.  is  Wilton 
Gilbert  ;  in  a  fannhouse  near  the  CA. 
is  a  painted  window,  the  only  remnant 
of  the  hospital  founded  by  Gilbert  do 
la  Ley ;  the  Ch.  of  SI.  Michael,  rebuilt 
1859,  retains  its  old  font  and  pulpit, 
and  possesses  a  cnrions  alms-dish.  5  m. 
rt,  above  the  wood  on  tbe  hill,  are 
the  picturesque  ruins  of  LatigUy  Hall, 
built  by  Lord  Scrape,  temp.  Hen.  VIH. ; 
tbey  retain  bold  triple  corbels  with 
projecting  shields,  which  are  unique; 
there  is  a  wide  view  hen(«  over  the 
valley  of  the  Browney,  with  Dortuun 
Cathedral  in  the  distance.  6  m.  be- 
yond Witton  Gilbert  is  Lartche$ler ; 
(he  Ch.  of  AU  Saints,  greatly  disfigured 
by  whitewash,  was  originally  Norm., 
but  now  bodily  of  E.-K.  style  (about 
1250),  with  additions  of  later  date ; 
the  chancel  arch  is  Norm. ,  as  also  the 
cdumns  of  the  porch,  and  the  arch  6[ 
a  zigzagged  doorway,  now  forming- 
canopy  of  effigy  of  Austell,  Dean  of 
Lancheater  (d.  1461).  On  a  hill  top 
W.  of  the  village  aie  situated  re- 
mains of  the  very  remarkable  BOman 
Station  (date  unknown) ;  it  formed  a 


DVBSLET— EASTBOURNE. 


157 


pualleloKTBm  1S3  yds.  N.  to  &, 
143  yda.B.  to  W.,  Borronnded  by 


Itune 


vaJ- 

,  to  12  ft.  high,  and  perpendi- 
Golar  OB  the  ontside,  being  built  of 
aehlar-woik  in  regular  oouisei,  vilh 
Btonea  12  ti.  long,  and  9  in.  deep  ;  od 
W.  of  vallum  is  a  deep  fosse,  on  otbei 
mdee  a  aloping  hill ;  here  were  (bund 
a  Ta«t  number  of  Boman  altatB,  with 
inBcriptioua,  under  BeveruB,  &c.,  the 
best  of  which  may  now  be  soen  in 
Ghaptei  Libniry  at  Durham,  also  coins 
of  the  Constantines  and  their  succes- 
Bon;  the  red  ashes  of  the  hatha,  &a., 
point  to  Ita  having  been  destroyed  by 
Sie.  The  return  to  Dnrham  may  be 
made  by  nul  (i  hr.).  (6)  To  Finehale 
Priory,  3}  m.,  which  may  be  reached 
(a)  by  rajl  from  Leamnde  (10  min.); 
ca  (b)  by  a  cirouitous  bat  beautiiul 
walk  ttuough  Kepjer  Wood  {tee 
ante) ;  oi  (c)  by  great  N.  road,  whence 
a  lane  rt.  leada  to  the  Friory.  Founded 
in  1196,  the  Priory  waa  rebuilt  in  ISth 
cent. ;  it  la  intareeting  aa  being  the  sole 
notable  specimen  of  Deo.  work  in  the 
oonnty  Durham.  (7)  To  Cheater-le- 
Street,  Lumley  Ca$tU,  aad  LambUm 
Cattle.-  Take  rail  (J  hr,)  lo  CheiUr- 
le-Sfreef,  with  its  interesting  oh. —3^  m. 
£.  of  wliich  ia  LmtJey  CaitU,  and  2  m. 
N.E.  Lambton  Gatde  (see  Chetter-U~ 
Street).  (8)  To  So«ghton-le-8priag. 
Take  rail  (20  min.)  to  Fencefiousea 
Stat,  whence  it  is  1^  m.  to  Hoagkbm- 
U-Spritig,  with  its  intereeting  ch.,  &a. 
(aee  Sunderiand).  (9)  To  CaelU  Edea 
^  rail  (1}  hr.),  with  the  celebrated 
Ca»ae  Eden  Dctk,  and  the  BlacMmU 
Bodce  (see  HarOepool). 

Diltaneei, — Darlington  by  rail,  37 
min. ;  Barnard  Caatle,  1  hr.  50  min. ; 
Bishop  Auckland,  35  min. ;  Wolaing- 
bam,  2Jhra.;  Stanliope,  1}  hr. ;  Sun- 
derland, i  hr. ;  Hartlepool,  1  hr.  40 
miD.;  Btocklon,  1  hr.  20  min.;  Mid- 
dle«boiongb,  Ihr.  10  min. ;   Morpeth, 

ItairiileT  (Gloucesish.)  —  Stat 
(branch  line) Midi.  Bly,— (Inn:  Old 
Bell)— ia  very  prettily  situated  on  a 
■lope  of  the  oolitic  eaoarpment  over- 
looking the  Severn  estuary.  ITie  Ch. 
ia  Dec,  and  has  a  flne  embattled  poroh 
Mid  timber  roof,  osrred  with  the  anus 
of  Berkeley  and  Fitzalas.    Berkeley 


Cattle  is  on  other  side  of  rdlmy.  An 
exteosiTeTiew  f^om  Btinchoombe  Hill, 
725  ft.,  1  m.  W.  At  Slaneombe  Park 
(Hisaea  Fumell)  ia  an  interesting  and 
valnable  collection  of  Boman  remains 
found  in  the  cmmtj.  2i  m.  beyond, 
S.,  is  WoottOQ-under-Edge. 

DoTOTTTLOHl,  See  Conway. 

Dysebth,  see  Moetyn. 

BuiLBUi,  aee  Nortdeh. 

Eabl's  Baston.  aee  tiorOiUtnplon. 

Eabl's  Colnb,  see  Haltlead. 

Eablswood,  see  RedhUl. 

ElSBT,  see  Riehmond  (Yorka.). 

Eabington,  tee  Earliepool. 

East  Beroholt,  see  manninglTee. 

EaHtbOurDe  (Sussex)— 65  m. 
from  London,  L.  B.  &  a  C.  Bly. 
(branch  line  from  Polegate  Junction). 
fniM :  Burlington  Hotel ;  "Albion ; 
Anchor;  Cavendiah;  Southdown — all 
facing  the  aea:  Sussex;  Gommerciat. 
The  original  village  of  Eostbonme  ia 
situated  i  m.  N.W.  from  the  modern 
waterlag-plaoe.  It  ia  picturesque  and 
well  aheltered,  and  hes  in  a  small 
hollow.  The  new  town  of  Esatboume 
ia  eipoi«d  towatda  the  E.  and  8,,  Init 
sheltered  on  other  sides.  The  Gmnd 
Parade  facing  the  sea  is  a  very  agree- 
able locality  in  the  summer  months, 
and  there  is  a  pleasure  Pier  oppodto 
to  the  Burlington  Hotel. 

The  chief  recommendatiooa  of  thia 
watering-place  are  ita  quiet  and  mag- 
nificent stretch  of  bch.  In  the  direc- 
tion of  Beacby  Head  the  walks  are 
pleasant  and  invigorating.  Beaehi/ 
Head,  where  the  S.  Downa  terminate 
in  an  abrupt  precipice  on  the  asa- 
shore,  is  about  3  m.  8.W.  of  the  town. 
Ita  aummit.ia  564  ft.  eiwre  the  lea- 

Tiie  Belt  Tout  Lighthouse  stands 
on  a  point  considerably  lower  than 
Beacby  Bead  itself,  bnt  projectinK 
farther  into  the  sea.  Close  nnder  Bell 
Tout  is  a  cavern  called  Pariton  Darby's 
EoU.  At  Birlinq  Gap,  H  ro.  W.  of 
Beachjr  Head,  and  close  lo  BeU  Toot, 

"""  visitor  may  descend  t"  """  ' ■" 

.  return  I    " 

the  beai£  on  the  'E.  side  of  the  heed- 

At  the  W.  end  of  the  Parade  and 


158 


ECCLEB^EGHAM. 


town  is  DevorukiTB  Park,  tastefally 
laid  out  by  his  Giaoe  the  D.  of 
Deronshiie.  Attached  ue  skating 
riok,  mnter  gardens,  &a.  Close  bj  ilto 
the  magnlBcent  Swimming  Baihi,  & 
little  failber  W.,  and  oppoeitG  the  With 
Toaer,  e.  Isi^  hotel  bas  been  erected. 
Eastward  a  marsh;  plain  eitenda  to- 
wtttdfl  Pevensey.  Pleasant  sbort  cross- 
field  \TalkB.  commaudiDg  fine  views, 
aie  to  "Paradise,"  beldud  Compton- 
place,  and  to  Mill  G)ap. 

Between  Eastbounie  and  Bcihill 
extends  tho  sweep  of  Perensey  Bay, 
the  coast  of  which  is  little  else  than 
a  wide-spreading  bed  of  shingle. 

Peveruey  Ca&e  (see  Pevattey)  is 
5  m.  from  Eastbourne. 

HurtltaonceufX  OatUe  may  also  be 
visited  by  taking  the  mil  to  Hailsham 
(wUch  see).  The  distance  by  road  is 
9  m. 

East  Chcbob,  see  Sheernea. 

East  Cowbb,  see  Wight,  ISe  of. 

EiSTHAMFBTBAD,  Bee  WiUcingaam. 

EASTNon,  see  Ledbury. 

EiflTOH  Matjdit,  see  NortkampUm. 

Eatoh,  see  JfonstcA. 

Eaton  Boat,  see  DvaiUMe. 

Batok  Hall,  see  Cheats. 

Eaton  EAsnNas,  see  Faringdoa. 

Ebbs  Fleet,  see  Bamsgate. 

ESccle8(Lane.).  6tat.,L.&H.W. 
Jimction  of  'Wigan  line  via  Tyldesley. 
Inn;   Dnke  of  York.    The  town   is 

C'^tilj  situated  on  N.  bank  of  the 
ell.  The  nave  of  fine  CA,  has  a 
eftTved  limber  toot.  Monnmenta  to  Sir 
Rd.  Brereton  and  his  wife,  by  Woraley, 
and  to  the  Danntseys  of  Agecroft 
(ITth  cent.V  Eccles  is  famons  for  its 
wake*  and  calcm.  Old  Sotues:  (a) 
Moiiki  Hall  (i  m.  H.).   timber  and 

Slaster.  1596;  <6)  Trafford  Park,  1 
.  (Sit  H.  de  Trafford),  has  a  portion 
of  the  old  building  attached  to  the 
modem  house.    (See  aleo  Matuihetler.) 

EocLtarmLD,  see  Shield. 

Keclesliall  (Staflk.)  — 8  m. 
from  Norton  Bridge  Stat.,  L.  &  K.  "* 
EIJt  Juno,  with  N.  Staff.  Une  (I) 
Bf^OakH.)— has  been  since  the  Uth 
cent,  the  seat  of  the  Bpe.  of  Uchfleld. 
The  honse  is  modernieed,  and  only  a 
bridge  and  one  towet  are  lefL  TheCA. 
Iiaa  been  restored  hj  Street. 


:EckiiirM>it   (Derby.)— Stat., 

Midi.  Rly,  (17  min.  iiom  ChaiteTfiM) 
and  TS,  Bheff.  &:  Line.  Bly.  (25  min, 
from  Sheffield).  Inn:  Angd:— has  a 
pictnresqae  old  church.  The  hangii^ 
woods  above  are  those  of  Beniahaai 
(Appleby  &  Co.).  Ezoariion. — IJ  m. 
tj.W.  to  MarJcland  Oripa,  a  ehanniug 
little  dell,  passing  3  m.  Barlborough 
HaU  (W.  De  Bodes,  Esq.),  an  Elizabe- 
than house,  approached  by  a  fine 
avenue  of  trees.  Follow  the  course  of 
the  dell  to  Oesswell  Crags,  and  then 
inquire  the  way  to  Whitwell,  Uienoa 
to  Worhiop. 
Eddystone  Liqhthousb,  see  Ply^ 

Ebbh  Hali,,  see  Penrith. 
Edensor  (Derby  .X  prono.  Ensor, 


lage,  almost  within  the  precincts  of  the 
park  of  Chatgaiortli  (see).  Each  house 
IB  a  picture.  The  Ch.  (rebuilt)  contains 
monuments  to  the  Cavendish  Sunily, 
and  brail  to  John  Belon,  a  servant  of 
Mary  Q.  of  Boots.  (See  also  Shegidd 
— EnviroDB.) 

Edevbn,  see  Fv^ihdd. 

Edobabton,  see  Birmingham. 

EoUNOQAlf  Castlb,  Bee  AltiMkh. 

Edhisqtoh,  see  BertuMc. 

EswraBTOWB,  see  Newark  and  01- 

Eel-P!h  Island,  see   Thames   and 


F.GOLBSCUFFE,  BOO  Stockton. "" 
Esriiam  (Sojiey),  Stat.,  L.  &  8. 
W.  Rly.  (Beading  line),  21  m.  from 
London,  18  m.  by  road.  Inns :  King's 
Head ;  Catherine  Wheel ;  Crown.  'Hie 
"  Angler's  Best "  Inn,  at  BuU  Weir 
Lock,  is  about  j  m.  from  station.  The 
town  is  aitnat^  on  the  old  Western 
road,  1  m.  W.  of  Stainea,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  over  the 
Thames.  Over  the  doorway  of  Den- 
ham's  Almshouse,  a  plain  brick  build- 
ing on  West  Hill,  is  the  inscription 
"Domum  Dei  el  Deo,  1824." 

One  or  two  of  the  old  man^ons  de- 
serre  notice.  The  Tiamge,  \  m.  E.  of 
the  ohmch,  of  old  called  ttie  Place, 
was  the  seat  of  the  elder  Denlmm,  and 
built  by  him, 


EGBAM—ELTHAM. 


139 


Fatten  or  Great  Fatten  (Ooloael 
Halkett),  li  m.  8.  of  Egham.  ia  an 
Elizabethan  monsioD,  with  the  rojal 
txna  and  the  date,  1578.  aver  the 
poiob.  The  drawing-room  oeiliug  bears 
the  date  1602,  and,  like  the  oeiliugB 
of  the  dining  and  some  other  loomB, 
ia  enriched  with  nonieious  henldio 
and  other  devfoes. 

The  oouutry  round  Egham  is  foil  of 
interest.    Leas  than  {  m.  &om  it  w  Bim- 


-thelc 


dowB  bordering  the  Thames — with 
Charla  Idand  iTuig  in  the  river  a 
short  distance  above.  The  ijland  oan- 
taiiis  about  1500  acres,  and  is  fre- 
qtteDtl;  called  in  books  and  maps 
Magna  Qtarta  Idand.  Uaena  Char^ 
"  the  ^^stone  of  English  liberty,"  wai 
■igned  bvEing  John,  June  19th.  1215. 
It  has  been  questioned  whether  the 
P«at  obarter  was  signed  in  the  meadow 
of  Bmmitnede,  or  on  the  island,  bat 
tradition  is  in  favour  of  the  latter.  A 
small  room  on  the  island,  close  to  the 
landing-place,  contains  a  oopy  of  the 
Oreat  Charter.  A  little  farther  is 
Coimer'i  EiU,  which  well  deaerres  a 
Tint  The  view  from  it  is  one  of  the 
loveliest  in  the  neij^bonrhood  of  Lon- 
don. On  the  W.  side  of  the  hill,  on 
Ml  estate  formerly  called  Ankenmfiu 
J'umith,  stands  the  Indian  Ciidl  En- 
gineering O^ege,  founded  by  Qovem- 
ment  in  1871,forthe  scientific  training 
of  young  men  aa  Civil  Engineers  for 
Bcrvioe  in  India. 

Engl^dd  Qnen,  abont  1  m.  ti 
W.  of  Egham,  is  b  I^^  open  tract  of 
elevated  oonntry,  delightfoUy  situated 
&  of  Cooper's  HUl.  A  &ir  is  l"'-' 
here  anniully  on  the  29th  of  Hay. 

Windsor  Great  Park,  in  its  finest 
part,  SitlMpegate,  is  onder  2  m. 
tant;  and  the  Wheolsheof  entrance  to 
Virginia  Water  is  but  little  more.  aW. 

lioi^STOHE  Abbey,  see  Barnard 
Cattle. 

SiaLTHOBAu,  see  Jihtcicfe. 

EoBEHONT,  see  Ketteidt. 

EoTON  Bbidgb,  see  WltUbs. 

ElleHmere  ^alop}— Stat  Cam- 
brian Ely.  {Jmu ;  Bridgewater  Arms ; 
Lion) — is  most  noteworthy  for  its  mere 
or  lake  of  120  acres,  on  the  bank  of 
which  the  town  is  plaoed.    The  liaiiks 


of  this  and  the  other  five  meres  in  the 
neigbboorhood,  of  which  the  principal 
is  Cdlment  (2}  m.),  offer  an  attractive 
field  for  the  botanist,  being  especially 
rich  in  ferns.  At  the  S.  end  is  Otelty 
Park  (S.  E.  Hainwaring,  Esq.).  From 
the  site  of  the  old  castle,  a  frontier 
fortress,  Qiere  is  a  beautiful  view,  ex- 
tffliding  into  nine  conntiee.  The  Ck^ 
restored  by  SaM,  is  a  fine  crodlbrm 
building.  In  the  Oteley  chapel  is 
a  Monument  (nlbtr-tomb)  to  oil  F. 
Kynaston  and  wife,  1590. 

Biitaneet. — Shrewsbtuf,  16  m.  by 
rood ;  Overton,  4  m. 

Elhesthobfb,  see  HindHei/. 

Elssoh  ,  see  Otterbtim. 

ELansLD,  see  Oxford  (Excnra.). 

Elstobd,  see  Tamworth. 

Elsins,  see  Berdtam. 

EliSTOW,  see  Bedford. 

Elswiok,  see  Neviea,tlie. 

Elthani  (Kent)  — S  m.  from 
London,  on  the  road  to  Maidstone 
— is  intereeting  as  containing  the  ban- 

Jneting  hall  of  a  Bojal  Palace,  and 
)r  the  asBodalions  connected  with  it,  • 
The  Eltbam  Stat  of  the  S.  E.  Ely.  ia 
at  Moltinghain,  j  m.  S.  of  the  village. 
Inm :  Greyhound ;  Chequers,  old- 
fasbioned,  with  gardens. 

Henry  III.  kept  the  Christmas  of 
1270  at  Eltliom,  and  this  appears  to 
be  the  first  reference  to  a  roval  dwel- 
ling boie.  It  afterwards  became  a 
royal  abode,  and  references  to  it  are 
frequent.  It  was  the  &TODilte  red- 
dence  of  Henry  VU. 

The  site  of  the  Palace  is  abont  }  in. 
B.  of  the  main  street  midway  b^ween 
(be  village  and  the  railway  station. 
Of  the  vast  pile,  only  the  Ban^teUng 
Hall  remains,  which,  however,  ia  in 
sufficient  preeervation  to  afibrd  a  good 
notion  of  Uie  munificence  of  the  entiro 
strootuie.  It  is  now  only  used  occa- 
sionally for  drill  by  the  Eltbam  Volun- 
teers. The  exterior  is  sadly  decayed, 
bat  observe,  before  entering,  the  tracery 
of  the  five  double  windows,  between 
bnttreesos  on  each  side,  and  those  of 
the  bays  at  the  N.  end.  The  interior 
will,  by  its  magnificent  roof,  recall  to 
Ute  memory  Weetminster  Hall;  the 
windows  are  now  for  the  most  part 
blocked  op,  and  Ihe  roof  only  held 


ELVA8T0S  CASTLE— ELY. 


at  the  end  of  the  liall,  and  the 
of  the  screen,  shonld  be  examined. 

The  ivj-«lad  bridge  by  which,  the 
hall  is  leeched  a  of  coe'ral  date,  and 
hw  notoworthy  groined  arches  and 
bnttresaes.  The  moat  which  it  croBsea 
IB  for  the  greater  part  drained  and 
planted,  but  a  portion  b;  the  bridge 
ia  filled  with  water,  and  ia  the  haunt 
of  some  choice  agaatic  birds.  The 
Court  Houee  (B.  Bloiham,  Esq.)  b; 
the  moat,  the  buttenr  of  the  palace, 
retains  its  old  bii^eboard  gabtes  and 
quaint  attica.  Before  leiLving',  notice 
the  gate  opposite  the  Palace  Oardens, 
which  was  the  entrance  to  the  tilt- 
yard,  and  other  fragments  of  wall  hy 
the  moat. 

Middie  Park  ia  the  <mly  one  re- 
maining of  tlio  three  parks  originally 
Btlached  to  the  palace.  It  was  also 
the  home  of  the  famous  raoehorBe  stud 
ofMr.  Wm.  BlenMron. 

Elton,  see  Stoekt/m. 

Elvwston  Cfkatle  (BerLT.}, 
1  m,  S.  of  Borrowash  Slat.,  Afid.  Kly., 
which  ia  4^  m.  from  Derby — is  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Harrington.  The 
Onrtiena  are  very  fine,  and  noticeable 
for  their  conifern,  artificial  lakes,  and 
rockeries.  The  6ate»  fotmetly  be- 
longed to  the  Palace  at  Madrid.  In 
the  house  aie  pictures  by  Knfller,  C. 
JonMn,  Beifoolds,  Ac.  The  Gh.  has  a 
carved  oak  screen  and  numuments  of 
15th  cent  to  Stanhopes  and  Harriug- 

Ely  (Camb.),  Stat  Ot.  E.  Blv.. 
72}  m.  from  London.  Inns:  **Lamb; 
Bell.  The  station  is  }  m.  distant 
ftom  Oie  CatbedraJ,  the  moat  impor- 
tant object  of  interest  in  the  place. 
The  ascent  to  latter  marks  the  highest 
giouiid  in  the  Isle  of  Ely — the  great 
"fortress  of  the  fens,"  and  the  guar- 
dian, through  many  centuries,  of  the 
"most  stately  and  varied"  cathedral 
church  in  England.  The  history  of 
the  Isle  of  Ely  is  identified  witli  that 
of  ila  great  Benedictine  monastery 
founded  bf  8t.  Etiieldreda  in  673,  the 
oh.  of  which  afterwards  became  the 
CathedraL  Hydid  not  become  the  seat 
if  a  bishopric  antil  1109,  vrhen  a  new 


diocese  was  erected,  taken  out  of  the 

diocese  of  Lincoln. 

The  foundations  of  the  eiisUng 
CaAedral  were  laid  by  Simeon,  the 
first  Norm.  Abbot,  related  to  the  Con- 
queror (1082-1094),  and  the  building 
was  continued  by  bis  successor.  Abbot 
Richard  (1100-1107).  No  further  re- 
cord exists  of  the  progress  of  the  work 
until  Bishop  GeOftrey  Ridel  (1171- 
I19S)  is  n^entioned  as  having  "com- 
pleted the  new  work  to  its  western 
end,  together  with  the  tower  nearly 
to  the  summit"  Bishop  Eustace 
(II98-121S)  built  the  OalOee,  or  Wet- 
tern  PorcA.  Bishop  Hugh  of  North- 
wold  (1229-1254)  pnlled  down  the 
Norm.  cbcKr,  and  rebuilt  it  in  seven- 
teen years  (1235-1252).  In  1322 
Abbot  Simeon's  eentral  tower  fell ; 
the  octagon  by  which  it  was  replaced 
was  begun  in  the  some  year  am) 
finished  in  1328,  The  lantern  above 
it  begun  in  1328,  was  finished  in 
1342.  The  Lady  Chapd  was  begun 
in  1321  and  completed  in  1349.  Chan- 
trie»  at  the  eaelf  m  ends  of  the  chtrir 
aisles  were  built  by  Bp.  AJc«!k(1486- 
1500)  and  Bp.  West  (1515-1553). 
From  these  dates  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  Cathedral  contains  examples  of 
the  different  periods  of  Gothic  arclij- 
tecture,  examples  wliioh  are  nowhere 
exceeded  in  beauty  or  importance. 
The  Galilee  and  eastern  portion  of  the 
choir  take  rank  among  the  very  best 
works  of  the  E.-E,  period :  whilst  the 
Octagon,  the  Western  Choir,  and  the 
Lady  Chapel  are  pTobablr  the  finest 
examples  of  pure  Deo.  to  ne  found  in 
England. 

The  Teatoraivm  of  the  Cathedral, 
which  was  in  a  sad  and  degraded  con- 
dition, was  set  on  foot  by  the  late  Dean 
Peacock  {Sir  G.  G.  Scott,  architect). 

The  length,  ^m  the  exterior  of  the 
W.  porch  to  the  exterior  eastern  but- 
tresses, is  537  it,  being,  with  the 
exception  of  Winchester,  the  longest 
Gothio  ch,  not  only  in  England  but  in 
Europe. 

Entering  the  Cathedral  by  the  beau- 
tiful Galiiee  or  western  pin^,  notice 
the  main  arch  of  entrance  circumscrib- 
ing two  smaller  foliated  ones  which 
spring  tVom  a  central  group  of  sliafts. 


The  aides  of  the  ponh  N.  and  8.  ste 
lined  hj  four  dera  of  arcades.  Within, 
the  poroh,  which  is  40  ft.  in  leDgth, 
coDsiBta  of  tvo  bays  simply  TBolted. 
The  nch  exterior  monldingB,  and  the 
leafage  on  the  capitals  of  the  shafts, 
should  be  noticed. 

The  Nam  (late  Norm.)  oonsiBtB  of 
twelve  beys,  jtemating  in  design. 

The  Great  or  princ);»l  i«in«im(i  ara 
the  only  portions  of  the  oh.  which  (cer- 
tainly) contain  any  lemaine  of  the 
imginal  Norm,  work  of  Abbot  Simeon 
and  hia  saceessor.  Both  transepts, 
whioh  are  throe  bays  deep,  hpye  E. 
and  W.  aisles,  and  the  lower  storey  in 
both  is  early  Nonu.  (1082-1107). 

The  first  impression  of  the  Cenlral 
Oetagon,  "  perhaps  the  most  beautiful 
and  ori^nal  design  to  be  fonnd  in  the 
whole  range  of  Gothic  architecture," 
is  almost  bewildering,  so  great  is  the 
mass  of  details  pressing  fbr  notice,  so 
varied  and  unoaaal  the  maoy  tines 
and  levels  of  piers,  windows,  and  roofs 
all  glowing  with  colour,  and  inter- 
sected l^  the  most  giaceM  and  deli- 
cate tracery. 

The  Octagon  is  formed  by  four 
larger  and  fooi  smaller  arches;  the 
larger  open  to  the  nave,  ohoir,  and 
transepts ;  the  smaller  to  the  aisles  of 
all  t^reo.  At  the  pier  angles  ore 
groups  of  slender  shafts,  from  which 
springs  a  ribbed  vaultmg  of  wood. 
This  snppo'rts  the  lantern,  likewise 
octagonal  in  shape,  but  set  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  have  ils  angles  opposit« 
the  &ces  of  the  stone  oot^on  below. 
The  details  of  the  foor  smaller  sides 
of  the  Octagon  demand  special  notice. 
The  archltectuTal  views  &om  the  Oc- 
tagon are  snperb.  That  down  the 
Nave  should  be  especiallv  noticed,  for 
the  grandeur  produced  by  its  great 
lengUi,  eitendiuK  beyond  the  lower 
into  the  W.  porcE. 

The  Ohoir  is  divided  from  the  Oc- 
tagon by  a  veiT  beontiM  oak  Sereen 
with  gates  of  brass.  This  is  entirely 
modem  and  designed  by  Sir  0.  G, 
Scott.  The  FuZpti— also  modem  and 
designed  by  ficoM — is  placed  in  the 
Cotton,  on  the  N.  ride  of  the  Screen. 
The  Choir  consists  of  seven  bays;  the 
four  easternmost  (as  well  as  the  two 


T.  161 

bcTtmd,  which  form  the  retro-choir) 
are  the  work  of  Bp.  Hugh  de  Ncaih- 
wold  (1229-1251).  The  three  western 
bays  in  which  the  stalls  are  placed 
were  commenced  in  1338,  to  replace 
those  destroyed  by  the  fall  of  the 
NMm.  tower  (1321).  The  divietDn 
between  the  two  portions  ia  very 
sharply  marked,  not  only  by  the 
diflraence  of  stylo,  hnt  by  the  ascent 
of  two  steps,  and  by  brood  shafts 
of  stone  which  rise  to  the  roof,  and 
are,  in  fact,  the  original  Norm,  abafta. 

The  eastern  porUon  of  the  Choir-^ 
the  K.-E.  work  of  Bp.  Hagh  de  North- 
wold — should  be  first  eiamined.  The 
piers  are  of  Purbeck  marble,  and  the 
capitals  of  the  shafts  are  enriched  with 
leafage  of  late  K-E.  character.  The 
(ri/oriKjn  arches  and  the  derettory 
wmdowa  should  be  noticed,  and  the 
varjoua  carvings  in  foliage  care- 
fully examined.  The  visitor  may 
now  proceed  to  eiamiae  the  three 
wedem  bays,  which  were  cranpleted 
between  the  years  1315  and  1862. 
The  airanKoment  on  either  side  is 
predsely  that  of  Bp.-  Hugh's  work ; 
bnt  the  superior  beauty  will  at  onoe 
be  recognised.  The  lower  arches,  and 
those  of  the  triforinm,  have  square 
boesea  of  foliage  attached  to  theic 
mouldings  in  a  very  striking  manner. 
The  tracery  of  the  triforiom,  and  of 
the  clerestory  windows,  is  eigniaitely 
rich  and  graceftd.  It  ia  probable  that 
these  three  western  bays  form  Uie  best 
eiample  of  the  pure  Deo.  period  to  be 
found  in  England. 

The  Organ  oocnpies  a  position  dif- 
fering from  that  of  any  other  in  Eng- 
land, and  projects  &om  the  triforiuin 
of  the  third  bay  on  the  N.  side.  Ila 
hanging  case  is  entirely  modem  and 
deserves  especial  notice. 

The  SlaiU  extend  throuehont  this 
portion  of  the  choir.  All  uoee  at  the 
back  fonned  port  of  the  original  fit- 
tings, and  have  been  carefully  restared. 
They  ore  oonslrncted  in  two  stage«, 
the  lower  of  which  is  recessed;  and 
tioia  the  iront  rises  a  series  of  panels, 
with  overhanging  canopies.  These 
panels  are  filled  irith  modem  scniptnre 
in  wood;  the  B.  side  with  snt^ects 
ItDia  the  Old  Testament,  the  N.  side 


1S2  J 

from  Qte  New.    All  are  excellent  ii 

eipresaioD  and  design,  md  the  detuils 
in  oUiec  portions  of  these  upper  italle, 
the  exquisite  leafage,  the  designs  ~ 
the  spandrels,  and  the  figuraa  at  < 
fdls  of  the  canopies,  deserve  the  most 
c&iefnl  notice.  The  sub-sCaJla  Are 
new,  and  are  not  onwtathy  of  ue 
ancient  work  with  whioli  they 
BWOoiBted. 

Betnining  to  the  eaatem  portion  of 
the  choir,  mo  Altar  and  iU  Bertdoi 
first  chum  attention.  The  altar 
raised  on  five  low  slflpa,  the  tilea  and 
inlaid  marble  of  which  deserve  n< 
The  AUar-Soreen,  or  Bendoi,  wai 
signed  hj  SeoU.  Immediatel;  ove 
altar  are  five  compartments  filled  with 
ecnlpture,  above  which  rises  a  mass  of 
rich  tobornacle  work.  All  the  details 
of  this  ver;  impottaut  work  of  modem 
Bit  deserve  the  most  careful  observe 

The  elaborate  and  interesting  monu- 
VKTib  in  the  choir  ehonld  also  receiro 
carefdl  nttentian. 

Behind  the  present  altar-screen  is 
the  BelTO-Aoir.  The  eastern  end  is 
filled  with  two  tiers  of  windows,  the 
lower  coasisting  of  three  very  long 
lancets,  with  groups  of  Pnibeok  shafts 
at  the  angles,  very  rich  mouldings, 
and  elongated  qnatrefoila  in  the  span- 
drels ;  the  upper  of  five  lancets,  di' 
minishing  ttovi  the  oentre,  and  set 
back,' as  in  tiie  derestorr,  within  an 
arcade  supported  by  smifts.  The 
manner  in  which  this  arcade  is  made 
lo  fill  the  eastern  end,  and  the  con- 
sequent ibrm  of  its  Mohes,  are  espe- 
cially noticeable. 

At  the  end  of  the  N.  aisle  is  the 
chapel  of  Bp.  Almck  ):i48«-]5DD). 
The  walls  are  betted  with  a  superb 
maaa  of  tabernacle  work.  The  roof  is 
richly  groined  with  a  central  depen- 
dent boss.  The  original  stone  altar 
remains  at  the  E.  end,  but  laieed  on 
modem  sapports.  Beniark  the  onrious 
bosses  under  the  brackets  on  either 
side,  representing  ammonites  project- 
ing &om  their  shells  and  biting  each 


Oppomte,  at  the  end  d  the  South 
ChotT  aitU,  ih  the  chapel  of  Bp.  Wett 
(1515-1533).    In  thi*  chapel  the  in- 


fluence of  the  BenMBsance  is  at  once 
evident.  Italian  omamentatiot)  is  es- 
pecially noticeable  in  the  brackets  of 
the  lower  tier  of  niches,  and  in  the 
lower  port  of  that  over  the  door.  The 
ceiling,  too,  is  a  good  example  of  the 
conversion  of  Gothic  lim-tracerj  to 
the  later  panelled  loof.  Notice  the 
Miginal  ironwork  of  the  doors.  The 
Lady  Chapel  is  entered  through  a 
passage  opening  irom  the  N.E.  cornet 
of  the  N.  transept,  and,  since  the  Be- 
foramtion,  has  served  as  a  parish  ch. 
When  perfect,  it  was  one  of  the  most 
beautiiul  and  elaborate  examples  of 
the  D^.  period  to  be  found  in  Eng- 
land, and  wUI  still  repay  the  most 
careful  study.  A  staircase  in  the  N. 
transept  leaids  to  the  upper  parts  of 
the  cathedral.  A  fine  interior  view, 
looking  westward,  is  obtained  trota 
the  passage  at  the  base  of  the  npuei 
tier  of  windows  at  the  E.  and ;  and  a 
vast  panorama  of  the  fens  and  low- 
lands of  Cambridgeshire  is  gained  ttoui 
the  summit  of  the  wertem  tower. 
The  8.W.  transept,  now  used  as  the 
baptistery,  is  an  excellent  specimen  of 
the  latest  Norman ;    and   the  upper 

Carta  of  it,  of  the  transition  penod 
etween  Norman  and  E.  E.  The 
lower  arches  are  round,  with  elaborate 
dog-tooth  moulding ;  those  of  the  top 
storey  are  pointed.  The  arcading  on 
the  8.  wall  of  this  transept  both  out- 
side and  inside  is  very  beautiful,  and 
the  arches  communicating  with  Uie  S. 
aisle  and  Bt.  Ciatherine's  Chapel  are 
fine  specimens  of  the  late  Norman. 
St.  Catherine's  Ch^iel,  until  lately  in 
ruins,  was  restored  under  Dean  Pea- 
cock in  1S14,  and  is  quite  a  gem. 

Passing  out  of  the  cathedral  by  the 
western  porch,  we  proceed  to  notice 
^^e    txUiior.      Beyond    the    ruined 
.W,  transept,  a  view  is  obtained  of 
:e  great   Western  Toner,  which,  as 
gh  as  the  stage  level  with  the  cle- 
restory of  the  nave,  was  the  work  of 
Bp.  Bidden  (1174-1189).    The  stages 
—  '-  ""  3  commencement  of  the  oota- 
E.  B.,  probably  built  1^  Wil- 
liam Longchampa  (1IS9-1198).    The 
octagon  itself  was  added  dnnng  the 
Dec.  period. 
The  OMf  ml  Oetagon,  ftom  whatever 


point  it  Is  observed,  gronpa  well  with 
the  linea  of  the  tracsept  urn  nave,  and 
with  tho  transept  turieta.  The  Teij 
beautifol  ttaoery  of  tha  windowe  in 
the  smaller  sides  «faoald  be  noticed 
from  the  exterior,  as  well  BS  tha  aioade 
ftbove.  The  Eait  End  of  ibe  cathedral 
itself  (Bp.  Hngb'a  woik)  is  a  gcaad 
example  of  E.  E.  Buttresses  with 
niches  and  canopies  rue  on  either 
mde  of  the  three  iiets  of  windows, 
olnstered  shafts  dividing  which,  with 
their  mouldings  and  detaBs,  will  amply 
repay  notice.  On  the  south  side  of 
Bp.  Northwold'a  presbytery,  observe 
the  two  E.-E.  windows.  The  other 
windows,  K.  and  B,  are  insertions  of  a 
later  date. 

Fassing  to  the  S.  side  of  the  ohoir. 


lofty  I 

in  the  upper  part  ot  the  6.  transept  is 

The  CUnOen  stretched  aliHig  the 
side  of  tha  nave,  but  have  loi^  di 
appeared.  Their  extent  is  marked  by 
an  an^e  along  the  lower  part  of  the 
wall.  Two  Norm,  doorways,  much 
enriched,  open  into  the  nave 
side  of  the  ch.  That  at  the 
end  of  the  nave  aisle  was  the  XotHia 
entrance,  and  bas  a  trefoiled  heading. 
The  foliage  and  mouldinjp  are  very 
rich  and  involved,  and  mdicate  its 
liUe  or  Trans,  character.     The  lower 


e  eliJwrate  tiian  that  of  the 
Monk's. 

The  remains  of  the  Coavaduid 
buHdingi  are  extensive  and 
ing.  ^0  most  ancient  portions  are  a 
Norm,  crypt  nnder  part  of  tha  Prior's 
Xiodee,  and  some  Norm.  AaKmenls 
in  ^e  waU  stretching  N.  of  "  Ely 
Porta" — the  great  gate  of  tho  mona- 
stery. The  whole  mass  of  the  buildings. 


the  great  size  and  importance  of  ancient 
Ely.  A  short  distance  E.  of  the  S. 
bansept  are  the  piers  and  arches  of 


The  Deanery  seems  to  have  been 


bcaa  the  utdent  Ooeat 

Hall,  still  retaining  its  long  ituf. 
The  Priofa  Lodge  extended  beyond  it 
8.,  and  was  boilt  round  a  small  quad- 
rangle. Tha  high  windows  of  the 
Prior's  great  hall  remain  in  a  house 
adjoining  Prior  Croudene's  Chapel,  a 
smiall  interesting  building  of  4  bays, 
founded  by  Prior  John  of  Craudeoe. 
The  chapel  has  been  restored,  and  'is 
now  used  as  a  obapel  for  tbeQiammar 
School.  Some  distance  8.  is  "Ely 
Porta"  (late  14th  cent.).  The  room 
above  tha  ambwajs  is  appropriated 
to  the  use  of  the  Kin^t  Oramanar 
School,  founded  by  Henry  Vni.  On 
the  8.  side  of  &e  cathedral  extends 
the  so-called  Park.  The  Bi^wpi 
Palaee,  W.  of  the  cathedral,  dates  for 
the  most  part  from  the  time  of  Henry 
Til.,  of  wbioh  it  is  a  good  example. 
In  it  is  prMerved  tiie  curious  "Tabula 
Eliensis,"  representing  40  Norman 
knights  each  in  company  with  a  monk, 
and  having  bis  shield  of  arms  above 
him  with  name  and  office.  The  piiy 
ture  is  a  copy  (tonp.  Henry  Til.)  of 
the  original. 

Si.  Mary'i  Ch..  W.  of  the  Palaoe,  is 
E,  E.  and  Deo.,  with  Perp.  windows 
inserted.  It  was  built  on  the  site  of 
an  earlier  cb.  t^  Bp.  Eustace  (119S- 
1215),  the  builds  of  the  western  Gali- 
lee porch  of  the  Cathedral. 

Adjoining  the  ch.-yd.  on  the  W.  is 
an  ale-house  called  the  Croamdi  ^roM, 
deserving  notice  as  having  been  in  all 
probability  inhabited  at  one  time  by 
Oliver  OromwolL 


bom  Ely  to  Kew- 
markat  (12  m.). 

About  2  m.  from  Ely  on  this  road  ii 
Slunlney,  where  is  a  small  Ifoim. 
Chapel.  The  chancel  arc^  doorways, 
and  font  deserve  notice,  nam  Staut- 
ney  Hill  theM  is  a  fine  view  of  Ely 
Cathedral. 

5  m.  from  Ely  is  SiAam,  where  is  a 
Ch.  of  great  inierest  (ded.  to  8t  An- 
drew). The  eh.  is  large,  cmcifbnn, 
with  a  W.  tower,  and  oontains  aome 
good  dd  wood-work. 


EMBLETON—ENFIELD. 


joham  Pen.     It  contains  some  f 
brassea  and  will  lepay  a  visil    Near 
the  cb.  19  \ii6  chapel  of  an  aocient 
priory,  now  naed  ftfl  ft  bftm. 

Fordham  GL,  2  m.  8.E,  of  laleham, 
has  a  curioiu  chapel  of  two  gtoreye  ab- 
tached  to  ii  The  N.  doorway  is  E.  E., 
and  opens  into  the  lower  storey  of  the 
chapel,  which  conaiBbi  of  6  bays.   Otot 


was  a  doorway,  now  blocked,  ioto  the 
ch. ;  and  the  upper  chapel  ix  at  present 
entered  byan  external  stairoEuie  ti^rret 
at  the  N.W.  angle.  Here  the  tourist 
may  regain  the  Newniarket  road,  abont 
7  m.  fiom  Ely. 

At  Wieken,  2  m.  B.W.  of  Soham,  is 
a  small  E.-E.  and  Perp.  Ch.,  in  which 
is  boried  Henry  Cromwell,  son  of  the 
Protector  (d.  1373). 

!!Eaibleton  (Northumberland), 
2  m,  rt.  of  Christon  Bank  Btat.,  which 
is  38  nuD.  by  rail  from  Alnwick.  Imti : 
Blink  Bonny  Hotel,  at  station;  Hare 
and  Hounds,  in  the  village.  The  Ch. 
of  tht  Soly  TTinity_  (restored)  is  a  hand- 
some buildinfc  with  grey  embattled 
tower;  the  FKoroge  flbuw  has  a  ma- 
chicolated  tower ;  the  ch.-yd.  is  full  of 
qnaint  epilapbs.  2  m.  S.£.,  at  Dnn- 
Btan,  is  a  farmhooBe  called  Durulan 
Steadi,  and  near  this  is  a  Peel  tower 
celled  "  Procter-Steadfl ; "  lower  por- 
tion  very  early ;  upper  portion  £d- 
wajdiao.  Adjoining  this  tower  is  a 
Jacobean  hoose.  Hence  a  path  leads 
to  ruins  of  Dw/nitatAorovgh  OatUe 
(perhaps  a  British,  afterwards  a  Bo- 
mau,  stionghold,  but  not  mentioned 
till  1315),  finely  situated  on  basaltic 
oolumna  above  the  sea;  the  scanty 
remaina  consist  of  Lilbume's  Tower 
on  W,,  riaing  ttom  the  edge  of  the 
rock ;  a  gateway  with  portico  and  inner 
gate,  flanked  by  2  huge  aemi-circulai 
toweiB,  in  S.  front,  whence  a  waU  ex- 
tends to  the  cliff  terminated  by  St.  Mar- 
garet's Tower ;  tiaoee  of  the  chapel 
near  the  B.  tower.  E.  of  the  oastle 
is  the  RvnibU  Chum,  a  perpendicular 
gnllej  in  the  rock,  through  which  the 
sea  is  dashed  ap  in  a  sort  of  fonotain. 
2i  m.  B.W.  is  Bmik  (Bev.  B.  W.  Bo- 


lanqiiet),  an  ancient  tower  of  Eliza- 
bethan date,  incorporated  witb  a 
modern  mansion,  which  is  approached 
from  the  W.  by  an  avenne  If  m.  long ; 
here  are  some  pictures  by  SapkiKl,  £c. ; 
united  to  the  house  by  a  choilnut 
avenue  ia  the  early  Norm.  Chnpel  (St. 
Philip  and  St.  James) ;  the  w.  front 
Is  original  except  the  beliiy ;  at  the  E. 
end  is  a  modem  apse ;  a  flue  Norm. 
arch  separates  the  nave  from  the 
chancel,  in  which  ia  a  monnment  of 
Coi  L  Salkeld.  Abont  3  m.  N.W.  of 
Embletoa  is  the  park  of  Falioden 
(Bir  G.  Grey,  Bait),  in  which  is  a 
magnificent  ilei,  70  ft.  in  diameter  of 
its  branohea  and  ]  1  ft  ronnd  stem. 
1^  m.  N.  are  the  wild  and  picturesque 
roins  irf  Tugkall  Ch.,  conaiatinf;  i^ 
Norm,  arch  and  walls.  About  2  m. 
W.  of  either  Tugholl  or  Falioden  is 
Freaton  Tomer,  a  fine  relic  of  border 
war&re,  and  ^  m.  N.  of  this  Bingham, 
with  handsome  rebuilt  oh.  In  the 
rooks  of  BeaJnell,  a  httle  E.  of  Tng- 
hall,  may  be  traced  14  geological  form- 
ations :  on  the  links  are  tiaMe  of  an 
ancient  chapel  dedicated  lo  St.  Ebbs. 
About  4  m.  S.  of  Embleton  ia  Hotiiidi, 
which  mat  be  reached  by  a  coa«t  walk, 
passing  dra'iler  Touwr  (see  Almeick). 

Emkbth,  see  Wi^ieach. 

Ebpinqham,  see  Oakham. 

Enfleld  (Middlesex).  Stata.  O.  E. 
Bly.,  12j  m.  from  Liverpool-street; 
also  by  Hertford  branch  to  Foodera 
End,  llf  m.,  and  Ordnance  Factoty 
(for  Enfleld  Highway).  U  m, :  G.  N. 
Rly.  9]  m.  The  distance  from  London 
by  road  is  about  9  m.  Intu:  Enfield 
Arms ;  George ;  King's  Head,  la 
a  large  parish,  40  miles  in  ciicom- 
ference ;  the  population  is  upwards  of 
ICi.OOO;  the  southern  portion  of  it,  ad- 
joining Edmonton,  being  ^owD  aa 
Ponders  End ;  the  cential  as  Evjidd 
HighiMy;  the  N.  as  Enfield  Wath; 
the  W.  aa  Enfield  Toon  and  Chrue; 
whilst  on  Uie  E.  by  the  Hiver  Loa,  at 
Enfield  Lock,  about  1  m.  from  Etifidd 
Waih,  ia  the  Boyal  Small  Arms  Fac- 
tory. Enfleld  town  stands  at  the  foot 
of  the  Ckaie,  1^  m.  V.  of  the  High- 
may.  On  the  Chase  ude  is  Charies 
Lamb's  house.  The  Ch.,  Perp.  atyle, 
stands  on  N.  side  of  the  Market-plaoo, 


UNFIELD—EPPim. 


tiDd  bos  beeo  aeveral  times  "  rastored." 
The  towei  and  a,  portion  o!  the  ex- 
treme E.  of  the  ch.  is  lltb  cent. 
At  the  reetomtion  in  1S60  a  piecina 
and  sedile,  of  the  11th  oeni,  were 
diacovend ;  and  at  a  later  restoration 
(186S)  a  fine  lancet  window,  just  OTer 
the  original  sedile.  and  a  lyulmoacope, 
both  of  same  period  (lltli  cent.), 
were  discloBed.  There  are  Borae  inter- 
eBting  monnmente.  The  oldest  and 
most  interestinK  is  a  canopied  altar- 
tomb,  between  me  N.  aisle  and  chan- 
cel, to  I^y  Joyce  Tiptoft  (d.  14*6), 
mother  of  the  learned  Earl  oCWorceeter. 
Stndents  of  costume  should  notice 
especially  the  remailiablj  fine  and 
well  preserved  brass  on  the  aUb  on  top 
of  the  tomb.  In  the  N.  chsjicel  aiale 
ia  a  fine  monument  to  6ir  Nicholas 
Raynton  (Lord  Major,  d.  I64(i)  and 
his  wife  (d.  1640).  There  is  also  a 
mural  monument  to  John  Abernetby, 
the  surgeon  (died  here  1831).  The 
BJte  of  the  original  castellated  Manor 
House  of  the  da  Bohuna  is  uncertain. 
Camlet  Moat,  as  it  is  called,  is  now 
within  the  bounds  of  Trent  Park. 
The  more  probable  site  is  in  a  meadow 
caUed  Aldbury,  near  Nag's  Head- 
lane,  about  i  m.  S.E.  from  the  Ch. 
EnfieU  Palace,  rebuilt  bj;  Edward  VI. 
for  Princess  Eiizabelh,  is  on  the  S. 
aide  of  High-street  nearly  opposite 
the  cb. — a  lanM  portion  only  of  the 
eriginal  remains.  The  fiae  cedar  seen 
at  the  back  of  it  was  planted  by  Dr. 
Uvedale,  who  established  an  academy 
in  the  building,  1660,  and  is  justly 
prized  by  the  inhabitants.  Forty  Hall 
(J.  Meyer,  Esq.)  is  aituatad  at  Forty 
Sin,  ij  m.  N-B,  from  the  ok,  on  1.  of 
road  to  Oheabunt.  It  was  built  hy 
Jnigo  Jones  and  contains  some  good 
pictures.  Notice  the  fine  cedari  on 
the  lawn  and  the  splendid  avenue  of 
limes  planted  by  Sit  N.  Baynton  in 
reigo  of  Cbnrles  I.  In  the  grounds 
about  Jftddfeton  Boiue  (H.  Bowles, 
Esq.),  a^oining  on  N.  aide,  is  the  site 
of  the  old  While  W^i  Home,  wMcb 
received  Guy  Fawkee  and  Catesl^ 
whUe  engaged  in  bakbiog  the  Gun- 

Ewder  Plot    The  mansion  (H.  Wil- 
laon,  E«q.)  in   White  W^ia  Park 
contains  some  fine  paintings  by  old 


Newrtead  Abbey.  The  Boyal  StaaU 
Amu  Faetory  is  best  reached  from  the 
Ordnance  Factory  Stat  Cioaa  the 
line  and  continue  along  Armouiy-lane, 
i  m.,  to  the  Lea  navu;ation,  where 
turn  to  the  rt,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
lane  cross  the  bridge,  and  the  gate  is 
on  the  L  It  is  open  to  viators  (with- 
out previous  application)  Mondays  luid 
Thnredaya  fitna  9  to  12  A.M.,  and  from 
2  to  4  F.H.  The  Proof  House  and  the 
Long  Banpe  are  not  open  to  visitors. 
The  machinery,  which  u  aut«[Datic,  is 
most  perfect  >">^  Ule  various  processes 
will  be  watched  with  the  keenest 
interest.  The  first  room  entered  ia 
that  called  the  Atiion  Shop,  containing 
lome  SUO  machines.  Here  everything 
relating  to  the  action,  or  breecliloading 
and  lock  apparatus,  is  finished.  After 
that  the  ajjaping  and  pohshing  of  the 
walnut  butts  and  atocka ;  the  turning, 
boring,  and  finishing  of  the  barrels ; 
the  smithery,  &c.,  are  shown.  Boiling 
mills  have  bees  recently  erected,  so  that 
now  the  whole  process  of  manufacture 
is  conducted  at  lijnfield.  Pretty  walks 
lead  to  Oay  RiU.  N.W.  of  Forty 
Hili;  B«IT»  Cnm  (Jnn:  The  Pied 
Bull),  immediately  beyond  Clay  Hill, 
and  hence  by  a  private  road  to  Theo- 
baldt  Park  (see  WaWiam  Crox).  The 
gatea  of  the  Park  are  closed  at  9  F.k. 
The  next  station  b^ond  the  Ordnanoe 
Factory  Stat,  ia  Waltham,  1  m,,  ft* 
Waltham  Croa  and  j4Kiey. 

A  four-horae  coach  ran  during  the 
aummer  months  of  187S  twice  a  week 
from  the  George  Inn,  Enfield  Town, 
to  Hitchin,  irfd  Potter's  Bar,  BeU 
Bar,  Hatfield  Park,  and  Welwyn,  a 
pleasant  drive  of  aI>out  3  hours,  re- 
turning same  day. 

Englifibld  Gbeer,  see  Egham. 

EirtfBHDJiLB,  see  Eetvykk. 

Ekvillz   Hall,  see  i>uiiiejf   and 


Rly.,  and  aWt  Iti^  m.  from  Wbite- 
chapel  by  load.  Inn :  The  Cock  ; 
Bed  Lion,  The  town  consists  of  one 
long  and  wide  street,  running  along 
the  top  of  a  ridge,  in  a  healthy  and 
pieasant  situation.    The  Parish  Ch.  ia 


2  m,  N.Wt  at  -topt'tuf  Upland,  a  veiy 
plewaut  valk  hy  the  field -paths, 
f  m.  N.W.  of  this  IB  the  haintet  of 
^ipuM  Oremi.  Copped  HaU  (fine 
seat  of  G.  Wythea,  Esq.)  ia  abont  1  m. 
S.W.  of  the  town.  E^ping  Foreet 
—Loughton,  or  Bucfcfiunif  Sill  (Stats. 
G.  E.  and  S.  Loud.  Rlj.)  are  perhaps 
the  best  arrival  atations  bir  the  Forest 
— is  ft  portioTt  of  the  great  forest  of 
Wcdthmn,  which  aboientlj  extended 
to  the  Tei7  walls  of  London.  lb  area 
has  been  greatl;  curtailed.  Of  the 
9000  acres  of  which  the  foreet  con- 
sisted in  1793,  abont  3000  acres  only 
remain  unenclosed,  2000  acres  having 
been  lost  by  enoroachments,  and  4000 
Bcrea  by  tlie  sale  of  Crown  rights, 
since  that  date.  In  point  of  scenery 
Sigh  Beech  (see  LtmgMrm)  is  by  ^.r 
the  most  attractive  portion  of  the 
forest,  which  is  one  of  the  best  col- 
leoting  gioauds  near  Iiondoa  for  the 
botanist  and  natnralist. 

epsom  (Snrrey).  8tai,  L.  B. 
ft  S,  Coast  Bly.  (Croydon  Branch 
8.E.  of  the  town),  and  Btat.,  Loud.  & 
a  W.  Bly.  (Wimbledon  Branch,  near 
the  centra  of  the  town).  Innt :  King's 
Head;  Albion;  Spread  Eagle;  ■Hall- 
way. The  Spread  BagU  is,  at  raciog 
tiine,  the  h^quarters  of  the  racing 
fralemily.  The  Albion  is  more  of  a 
fomily  hotel.  The  town,  &maus  for 
its  horse  racea  and  medicinal  salts,  is 
seated  in  a  depreseion  of  the  great 
chalk  downs  of  Sonrey,  immediately  8. 
of  Ewell,  15  m.  from  London  by  road. 
It  is  a  largo,  rambling,  and,  except  in 
the  Derby  weeli,  rather  a  dnll  place. 

The  Icidependont  Chapel  in  Chnrch- 
fltreet,  known  as  the  Old  Chapel,  is 
noted  as  one  of  the  oldest  Noncon- 
ftinniet  chapels  in  the  comity.  Isaac 
'Watte,  whilst  a  visitor  to  Sir  J.  Har- 
top,  whose  seat  was  close  by,  used 
often  to  prsacb  here. 

In  the  last  half  of  the  17th  and 
early  part  of  the  18tli  cents.,  Epsom 
was  a  jdace  of  greet  fbsbionable,  and 
even  royal,   resc^  on  acoonnt  of  "' 
medioinal   waters.     It  grew  from 
little  country  village  to  a  gay  a 
brilliant  town.    Be^re  tiia  end  of  the 
oentnry,  however,  a  decline  took  piaoe. 
The   well    still    remains  on    Epsoi 


common,  a  short  }  m.  &om  the  town, 
on  the  rt  of  the  road  to  Ashstead. 
The  water  is  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphate  of  magnesia,  tne  Eptom 
talti  of  the  draggist,  and  with  very 
snuill  poitiona  of  the  ohlorides  of  cal- 
" —  and  magncaimn.  As  is  known,  it 
w  mannfactnred  on  a  large  scale , 
and  at  a  very  low  price,  but  none  ia 
made  at  Epsom. 

Eptom  Common,  witbont  the  attrao* 
tion  of  the  wells,  is  worth  visitiDg. 
It  is  a  broad  open  heath,  of  about 
100  acres,  covered  thickly  with  fnrze, 
somewhat  moist^  perhaps,  in  wet 
seaaons,  bnt  a  very  pleMaut,  breezy 
place,  with  roads  in  aU  directions. 

.^wmi  Bacee  are  the  present  gitarf 
of  Epaom.  There  is  a  Spring  Meeting 
in  April,  but  it  lasts  only  2  days,  and 
is  attended  merely  by  betting  mep, 
and  the  rabble  who  are  always  present 
at  a  race.  The  May  Meeting  tasta 
4  days,  from  Taeaday  to  Friday, 
beibre  Wtiitsuntide  (nnless  Easter  oc- 
curs in  March,  when  it  takes  place 
after  the  Whitson  week),  Wednesday 
being  tlie  "  Derby."  Friday  the  "  Oaks 

Derby  Das  '^  ^*  prime  festival 
of  England,  and  it  is  computed  that 
since  the  exteoaion  of  the  railway 
to  the  foot  of  the  raoe-hill,  not  less 
than  200,000  persons  have  assoubled 
on  the  Downs  on  Derby  Day.  The 
i>er^,eetabliBhed  in  17S0  (and  named 
from  the  Earl  of  Derby's  seat  at 
Woodmansteme,  a  village  2}  m.  E. 
flora  Banstcad  Bly.  Stat.^  is  a  It  m, 
race,  for  3-year  old  colto  and  fifiies. 
The  Oaki,  estabhshed  a  year  earlier 
[see  Bantiead),  is  run  over  a  li  m. 
couise,  but  is  for  3-year  old  fillies  only. 
The  Grand  Stand,  the  best  and 
most  substantial  in  the  kingdom, 
affords  magnificent  views,  marked  on 
one  aide  by  Windsor  Castle,  on  tha 
other  by  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  but 
stretching  beyond  both.  The  Downs, 
at  other  than  racing  times,  afford 
delightfHil  walks.  Especially  so  are 
those  from  the  race-oomse  across 
Walton  Heath  to  Walton-on-the-Hill, 
to  Hedley,  Betoliworth,  or  Beigate;  or 
in  the  other  direction,  by  Laugley 
Bottom  to  LeatherhMd    or   Miekia- 


ham ;   or,  again,  the  shorter  stroUs  to 
Banetead  and  SattoD. 

EweO,  abont  I  m.  N.E.  of  Bpsoin, 
is  a  nUage  BtamUng  at  the  head  of 
the  HogB-Mlll,  01  EffeU  river.  The 
Ewell  station  of  the  Epaom  line 
(L.  B.  4  a  Coast  Ely.)  w  i  m.  8. 
of  the  Tillaee;  that  on  ue  L.  ft 
8.  W.  Blj.,  about  the  nine  distance 
K.     Inn :   The  Spring,  an   excellent 

Near  the  ch.  is  Eaea  Ourffe  (A. 
W.  Gradeeden,  Esq.).  The  adjoining 
gronnds  are  thoae  of  Eieell  Orove 
(OharleB  Freeman,  Bsq.).  NoiuofA 
Park  (Capt  W,  B.  G.  Parmer),  fei^ 
tber  W.,  ig  a  castellated  stractore, 
built  I802-G,  from  the  designs  of  Bir 
Jefier?  WTattville.  It  stands  in  a 
pelk  of  moderate  size,  thronrii  which 
there  i«  a  public  way  from  EireU  to 
Cheam.  The  ancient  palace,  a  resi- 
dence of  Henry  VIII.,  stood  at  some 
distance  fTOm  the  present  honse. 

Efwobth,  see  Oaintborwigh. 

EsBiarocK,  see  Ogattlru, 

Eritb  (Kent).  Slat.,  8.  E.  Ely. 
(N.  Kent  line),  15!  m.  from  London ; 
14  m.  by  road.  Imu :  Pier  Hotel; 
Prince  of  Wales;  Yacht. 

This  is  a  small  town,  the  next  on 
the  right  bonk  of  the  Thames  below 
Woolwich.  The  present  pier  was  built 
in  18St,  when  it  was  sought  to  make 
Erith  a  steamboat  station,  and  the 
pleasant  public  gardens  b^  the  ^ier 
were  laid  out  in  '&b  hnpe  of  attracting 
summer  visitors.  This  has  not  proved 
a  success. 

The  Ch.  (St.  John  &»  Bt^'st)  is 
by  the  lailway  st«ti(m,  ftt  the  edge  of 
the  marsh,  t  m.  W.  of  the  town.  It 
is  small  and  old,  bnt  worth  visitins. 
The  interior  has  been  very  thoroughly 
restored. 

Immediate^  S.  of  the  town  is  the 
great  Sand  Pit,  or  Ballatt  Pit,  from 
which  sand  is  largely  dug  for  ship 
ballast,  and  iron  caatingB— a  place  of 
mnch  interest  to  the  geologist 

About  i  m.  farther  S.  is  another 
great  eicavation,  the  Erith  Bride  Pit, 
or  Whilst  Pit,  which  ahould  bo 
visited,  as  it  is  even  more  interesting 
to  the  geologist  than  the  Ballast  Pit. 

The  Erith  Marsha  stretch  W.  from 


TJT.  W 

Erith  to  Phmutewl.  Hey  form  rich 
grazing  land,  and  on  them  have  been 
built  mineral  cal,  glue,  manure,  and 
other  uneavonry  foetorles.  At  GroW' 
ness,  the  nrist  of  land  N.W.  of  Erith 
eh.,  are  large  gunpowder  magazines. 
Here  also  is  the  Sou&em  Oa^aO 
^  tA«  Metropolitan  Main  Drainage. 
There  is  a  graat  rceervoir,  GJ  acres  in 
area,  into  which  the  sewage  of  the 
whole  of  S.  London  is  brought.  The 
machinery  employed  in  lifting  the 
sewage  into  the  Thames,  is  of  snr- 
prising  magnitude  and  beauty  of 
finish.  A  pleasant  excurnon  is  by 
water  to  Enth,  see  the  Ch.  there,  and 
then  walk  to  Woolwich,  5  m..  vbiting 
on  the  way  LesBess  Abbey  (infiii). 

Aibey  Wood— Stat,  N.  Kent  Bly. 
(Inn :  The  Harrow) — lies  midway  be- 
tween Plnmstead  and  Erith,  bnt  in 
the  Utter  parish.  It  occupies  part  of 
the  site  of  Lemen  Abbe;  Wood. 

Of  Leinett  Abbey  (fonnded  1178),  a 
faw  fragments  of  the  outer  walls  re- 
main on  the  hill  side,  immediately 
8.E,  of  the  station.  There  are  many 
pleasant  slrolis  from  Abbey  Wood. 
^(Mtoli  Heath  (go  np  the  lane  by  the 
Harrow)  is  a  charming  bit  of  atlll  open 
heath,  with  wide  views  across  the 
Thames  valley.  £^trther  S.  (2  m. 
from  Abb^  Wood  Stat.)  is  East  Wick- 
ham.  S.G.  is  a  pleasant  way  &om 
Bostall  Heath  to  Bexley  Heatli,  3  m. 
from  station  (omnibus  several  times 
daUy),  or  Ciayford  (Stat  on  Dartfcs^ 
loop  line,  2}  m.  8.  of  Erith). 

Bdeedere  (Stat.,  N.  Kent  Bly.^  is  a 
village  on  the  Thames,  immediately 
below  Erith.  It  owe«  its  tume  to  the 
mannon  on  the  l«ow  of  the  hill,  I  m. 
W.  of  Erith,  aeoted  1761,  by  Bir 
Sampson  Qideon,  afterwards  Lord 
Earoley.  The  house,  a  good  example 
of  the  classic  Italian  of  a  century 
back,  has  always  been  &mons  for  ite 
wide  and  striking  prospect  A  still 
wider  view  is  obtained  liom  the  lofty 
proapeot  tower  {Beleedere)  in  the 
grounds  nearer  Erith  ch.  The  man- 
don  has  been  converted  into  the 
Boyal  Alfred  IrutUaiion  for  Aged 
Merdtant  Beamen. 

EBiiiHOi«H,»oe  DartmooT  and  Kingt- 
bridge. 


E8EER—ETWALL. 


Erwood.  Bee  Wjie. 

Ebcriok,  gee  York. 

E8H,Bee  Darham. 

Eslier  (Surrey),  16  m,  from 
LoudoD  by  rood,  and  by  the  L.  & 
B.  W.  Bly.  The  Etation  ib  at  Ditton 
Malgli,  j  m.  from  the  village.  On 
laaving  tha  etation  turn  to  the  rb,  and 
the  wm>ded  heights  of  OlaremoDt  will 
eerre  as  e.  guide  to  the  little  village 
that  lies  below  them.  Inn:  Tlie 
Bear,  a  good  old-fashioned  house. 
The  rude  erection  of  flint  and  stone 
at  the  N.  entraaoe  of  the  village,  with 
the  Felham  aims,  and  Uie  initials 
H.  P.  over  the  centre  aroh,  affords  a 
comfortable  seat  within  an  arohed 
recess,  and  besido  it  is  a  welL  It 
BtandB  by  Eaher  Place,  is  evidently  a 
Tniveller'sliest,  and, in  all  probability, 
was  the  gift  of  Mr.  Pelluua  to  the 
village,  but  it  has  somehow  aoqnired 


birth,  1817-  For  some  years  Chuemont 
vras  a  favourite  retreat  of  Her  Majesty 
and  late  Prince  Coosort.  After  the 
French  Revolution  of  1848,  it  waa 
assigned  as  a  residenOB  for  Lonis 
Philippe.  In  the  ground^  about  \  sa. 
N.W.  from  the  house,  is  the  Maatolema 
if  Hit  Frineeti  CbarloUe. 

Bejoai  Ciaremont,  on  the  Ports- 
moath  road,  is  FairmUe,  a  very  plea- 
— ^  spot,  now  beginning  to  be  dotted 
with  villas.    Just  off  the  road,  on 
sheet  at  water  sur- 


the 


ofWolBB^sWell. 

The  grounds  of  Eifter  Place  (Money 
Wigtoin,  Esq.)  extend  from  the  vil- 
lage to  the  Mole.  The  or^;iiial  house, 
boilt  by  Bp.  Wayuflete  about  the 
middle  of  the  15tb  cent,  as  a  legt- 
dence  for  the  Bps-  of  Winchester, 
stood  OD  the  low  morehy  meadow  okee 
by  the  Mole.  In  1729,  when  the  estate 
was  puiehased  by  Henry  Pelham, 
brother  of  the  Duke  of  Newcastle, 
little  waa  left  of  Waynfleto's  mansion 
bnt  the  gatehouse,  known  as  WoUey'i 
Toaer,  which  is  aHm  standiog.  The 
park  is  not  open  to  strangers,  but  a 
good  view  of  the  tower,  with  Eahei 
Flaoa,  and  the  woods  beyond,  is  ob- 
tained  across  the  bridge  of  Waylaud'e 
Fatm. 

Ctaremont,  on  tJie  opposite  aide  of 
Esher,  is  rich  in  associauons.  In  the 
reign  tf  Queen  Anne,  Vanbn^h  put- 
ohased  a  piece  of  land  here,  and  built 
himself  a  brick  house  of  moderate  di- 
mensions. In  1769,  Claremont  was 
sold  to  Lord  Clive,  who  pulled  down 
the  old  mansion,  and  commissi 
Capabihty  Brown  to  erect  a  nen 
mora  magnificent  one  on  the  hilL 
After  passing  through  several  hands, 
the  estate  was  purchased  by  the  Crown 
in  1816.  Prince  Leopold  (King  of  the 
Belgians)  and  Princess  Charlotte  re- 
sided here,  and  she  died  here  of  child 


the  1,. 

rounded  with  flre,  which,  always  pio- 


1  lai^  a 
1th  ItB, 


and  by  moonlight,  prese: 
striking  effects.  E.  and  H.  of  this  la 
the  broad,  breezy,  heather-clad  Eiher 
Common.  At  Weet  End,  W.  of  Clare- 
mont, is  another  common,  of  about 
ISO  acres,  a  level,  maishy  tract,  stretch- 
ing down  to  the  Mole, 

Sandown  Park  is  situated  on  the  1. 
of  the  L.  ft  8.  W.  Kly,  a  short  dis- 
tance past'  the  Esher  station.  It  is 
a  piece  of  sloping  gronod,  of  about 
120  acres,  enclosed  and  laid  out  as  a 
race-course.  Space  is  also  provided 
for  poUi,  croquet,  and  other  open-air 
pastimes.  There  are  two  courses,  one 
Ibr  flat  races,  and  the  other  for  steeple- 
chases. Beyond  the  Grand  Stand, 
the  ground  rises  into  a  beautifully 
wooded  knoll,  on  which  are  pleasant 
shaded  walks. 

EssBHTiuil,  see  Slam/ord. 

EsTHwAiTE  Wateb,  Bee  Haakshiod. 

Etal,  see  Woohr. 

Eton,  see  Windsor. 

S«mrla  (BtaiE)— Btat.,N.  Staff. 
Bly.,  1{  ni.  from  ^udey-~ia  a  popu- 
lous villaoe,  dHHinding  on  the  pottery 
trade  and  Earl  Granville's  ironworks 
at  ffteUon,  the  MoUing  XilU  of  which 
are  close  to  the  station.  Xe»m,  Wedg- 
uvoffa  pottery  works  were  the  vy- 
oality  ofWedgwood's  great  discoveries, 
and  particularly  that  of  his  "  Queen's 
Ware."  Excunionf.  —  li  m.  W.  to 
WoUtanlon  Ck.,  a  fine  building  (re- 
stored), with  ]UoniimenU  to  the  Sueyd 
family.  There  is  a  beauti&l  view 
from  the  ch.-yd.  over  the  Pottery 
district. 

Etwall  (Derby.),  2  m.  from 
Egginton  Stat.  (N.  Statb.  Bly.),  and 


EYESEAM— EXETER. 


3  n>.  N.  of  lirilllngton  Stat  (8.  Stafli. 
tHyX  has  an  interestiog  old  hospital; 
fonncted  16th  cent,  by  Sir  J.  Porte, 
whose  monnmeDt,  witb  brasaea.  ia  in 
tho  Cfc.  EtaoU  Sail  (N.  C.  Curaon, 
Esq.)  has  a  eeriea  of  old  portrmtg. 

EveMfaam  (Woroeet.)  —  Stat., 
Gt  W.  Kl;.  There  is  alao  a  station  at 
BettgeoKtih,  a  snbnib  of  Evesbun,  on 
the  61.  Malvem  and  Birm.  Branoh  of 
Uke  Hidl.  Bly.  ( Jnru:  Norihwick  Ainu ; 
Orowu).  This  town  is  situated  on  the 
L  bank  of  the  Atdd,  which  here  Tonus 
a  peninsula.  It  owes  its  existence  to 
a  monkish  establishnient,  tho  moat 
coDSfdaaonB  wmaining  object  of  which 
ii  the  stalely  tower  of  its  abbey,  foun- 
ded in  the  8th  cent  When  in  proB- 
peiT^,  this  monastio  establishment 
was  one  of  the  largest  in  the  king- 
dom. The  only  portion  which  eecap^ 
U  the  elegant  beS'toaer  (Perp.)>  the 
principal  object  here.  It  forms  ea  eo- 
tranco-gateway  ta  the  ch.-yd.,  which  is 
Bmronnded  by  the  abbey  walls,  erected 
in  the  12th  cent  One  other  fragment 
deaervM  notice :  a  solitary  arch,  of 
rich  Dec.  work,  is  still  upheld  by  the 
cloister-wall ;  it  was  the  entrance  to 
the  chapter-honae.  Within  the  ch.- 
yd.  etaod  2  churche$,  both  founded 
M  the  mooka  aa  parochial  chapels. 
iSt  Laarmoe,  chiefl;  16th  ceot,  baa 
been  restored,  l^igether  with  ite  ele- 
gant Perp.  8.  ohantry,  with  rich  fan- 
traoety  roof  and  panelled  walls,  AU 
8aint»  has  a  richlynlecoTated  mortuary 
chapel  of  Abbot  Clement  Liobflela, 
with  handsome  fitu-vanltiug. 

On  Tiaeyard  HxB,  where  the  rine, 
it  ia  said,  was  ^lUiv^ed  from  the  Oon- 


The  site  of  the  Baia«  of  EveAam, 
fought  between  Prince  Edward  (after- 
wards Edw.  I.)  and  Simon  de  Hont- 
fort,  was  on  the  top  of  the  eminence 
N.  of  the  town,  caUed  Oreenhill.  A 
monnmeDtal  obelisk  and  &  Gothic 
tower  have  been  erected  on  the  field 
of  battle,  in  the  grottads  of  the  Abbey 
Manor-house  (B.  0.  Budge,  £iq.^ 
where  theie  is  a  colleotion  c^  local 
antiqnitiea. 


BrtifoTtoa  HaU,  3}  m,  (I.  S.  Dixon, 

9q.},  has  in  the  garden  a  watnnt-tree 

eaauring  300  ft.  in  circumferoice. 

Badtey  Ch.,  2|  m.,  has  a  Norm. 
doorway,  a  long  transeptal  chapel  on 
the  N,  aide,  with  a  rich  gabled  croee, 
and  a  maastTe  W,  tower. 

i  m.  NJ:..  on  SotM  LOOeUm  Farm, 
is  a  large  conventual  bam,  150  fL  long, 
with  lofty  E.-E.  archwaya  for  the  doors. 
The  cll.  at  Perthon  (see),  distant  ^  ta. 
by  rail,  is  interestbg. 

Eweuh  see  Epiom. 

EwHcasT,  see  Lorking. 

EwLOB,  see  Hawarden. 

ExBBiDOE,  see  Dviverbm. 

Exeter  (Devon.),  191  m.  tma 
London,  41  hrs.  by  express  train, 
either  on  the  Gt.  W.  or  X.  ft  8.  W. 
Bljs.  The  prindpal  station  of  tlie 
Qt.  W.  is  at  St.  Davi^i  (a  suburb  of 
the  cit^),  from  whence  the  communi- 
cation IS  continued  to  tiie  S.  of  Deron, 
PljftnmUk,  and  Cornwall,  with  branches 
to  Torgwiy  and  VartmoaOt,  Mor^oH 
Hampdead  and  AthburUm,  There  is 
also  a  station  on  the  S.  D.  Bly.  at 
St.  ThoTnat,  another  suburb  on  t^e 
farther  aide  of  the  Exe,  which  is  serred 
only  by  the  slow  trains,  but  is  con- 
venient for  readento  in  the  lower  port 
of  tho  town.  (The  central  station  of 
the  L.  t  a  W.  Bly.  is  in  Queen-street, 
but  the  line  is  ct^ried  on  down  an  in- 
cline and  through  a  tunnel,  to  the 
St.  David's  station  of  the  otber  rail- 
ways, whence  it  runs  to  Crediton, 
Ofcehampbm,  TmMock  and  PlymotOh, 
Banulavle  and  B/raeonAe.  There  is 
also  a  branoh  from  the  Queen-stroet 
Btat  to  £!ranout&,  and  AuUier  up  the 


,  by  which  access  is 
giren  to  tho  south  coasts  of  Devon 
and  Dorset  Prom  its  position  at  the 
meeting-point  of  all  theee  railways, 
Exeter  becomes  the  moat  favontable 
centre  for  the  tourist  wishing  to  ex- 
plore the  many  beautiea  of  Devonshire. 
fib<ela .-  "Clarence  (in  the  Cathedral- 
yard,  and  very  quiet) ;  "New  London ; 
Half-moon;  Queen'a;  Globe;  Bnde. 
Pop.  (including  St.  Thomaifi,  on  tho 
otber  aide  of  the  Exe),  41,000. 

Thia  oily,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
is  dtoated  on  the  1.  bank  of  the  river 


of  the  egtoBry  jaet  where 
ceasee  to  be  navigable 

It  haa  mriained  nnmeroaa  sieges, 
and  alvays  proved  a  most   difflonlt 

glace  to  take.  Daring  tbe  siege  b? 
tepheu,  tbe  Wars  of  the  Roses,  the 
rebellJOQ  of  FerMn  Werbeck  (who  was 
led  ci^tiYe  through  the  streets  of  the 
oitj),  the  Great  Rebellion,  and  the 
Second  Revolution,  Eioter  was  the 
Boene  of  nianj  stirring  and  remarkable 
events.  The  most  notable  siege  was 
that  t^  the  rebels  at  the  rising  in  coU' 
sequence  of  the  change  of  the  servioes 
and  the  sappression  of  images  in  Edw. 

In  the  city  itself  the  ohirf  ohieots 
of  interast  are— (1)  The  Cuthedral: 
(2)  tbe  mins  of  the  Oaatle ;  (3)  the 
walks  on  Northemhay :  (4)  Mount 
Binbtua;  (5)  tbo  OuUdhall;  (6)  tbe 
Albert  Memorial ;  and  (7)  a  few  of  the 
parish  ohurchei.  To  tbe  antiquary, 
the  remains  of  the  oitj-wall— well  pre- 
served —  eitending  from  the  higher 
end  of  Sonthembaj  to  tbe  river,  will 
be  interestmg.  From  sane  of  these 
points,  as  well  as  Irom  the  high 
ground  above  tbe  city,  may  be  ob- 
tained strikingly  beautifnl  views  of 
tbe  estuary  of  the  Exe  and  the  sui- 
lonnding  oountry,  very  ebaraoteristic 
of  tbe  peculiar  lovelineaa  of  Devon- 
shire scenery. 

(I)  The  CaOiedTal,  the  seat  of  the 
bishopric  of  Devonshire  and  Oom- 
waD  (now,  1878,  of  Devonshire  only), 
which  was  origin^;  established  at 
Grediton,  and  which  was  removed  to 
Exeter  tor  greater  secnrity  by  Edward 
the  Confessor,  in  1050,  was  com- 
mmced  by  Bp.  Warelwast,  nephew  of 
tbe  Conqueror  (1107-1136),  and  com- 
pleted by  Bp.  MarshaU  (11»1-1206). 
Of  this  Norm,  buildiitg  tbe  only  parts 
remaining  are  the  Irtuiseplfll  lowetB, 
whioh  should  be  particularly  noticed. 
The  rest  of  the  original  cathednJ, 
after  it  was  injured  by  fire  in  1138. 
during  the  siege  of  tbe  oastle  by 
Stephen,  was  probably  rebuilt  and 
allied,  bit  by  bit,  accordii^  to  plans 
famished  by  Bp.  Peter  Qoivil  (1280- 
1291),  which  were  followed  with  but 


little  variation  by  his  ..    __ 

1871,  the  modem  restoisticin  of  the 
cathedral  was  commenced,  onder  tbe 
superintendence  of  Sir  Q.  G.  Scott, 
whose  designs  include  a  sculptured 
reredos,  at  tbe  E.  end  of  the  presby- 
tery, of  great  richness,  in  which  the 
marbles,  sparSiBnd  serpentine  of  Devon 
and  Cjomwall  are  used.  The  best 
exterior  view  of  tbo  cathedral  is  from 
the  N.,  where  it  is  open  to  tbe  eathe- 
dral-yard.  A  Sue  view  of  the  S.  side 
may  be  obtained  &om  the  garden  of 
the  bishop's  palace.  Afterthe  Norm, 
towers  in  the  transepts,  the  W.  front 
(136»-13M),  a  bcttutifol  arcMtectural 
composition,  claims  especial  notice.  Id 
the  gable-niohe  is  a  figure  of  St.  Feter, 
to  whom  the  ch.  is  dedicated.  The 
screen  is  pierced  by  3  doorways,  en- 
riched with  mouldings  of  carved  foli- 
age^  surrounded  by  a  series  of  nichr~ 
in  which  are  the  statues  of  ange 
kings,  knights,  saints,  and  apostli 
Entering  the  cathedral  from  tbe  N. 
door  in  tbe  W.  front,  we  stand  in  the 
nave,  140  ft.  long,  the  walls  and  roof 
of  which  are  of  stone  irom  fiilnerton 
and  Beer,  the  clustered  pitlars  of  Pni- 
beck  marble.  Owing  to  the  absence 
of  a  central  tower,  the  loof  is  unbroken 
from  end  to  end,  and  is  exceeded  in 
grace  and  lightness  by  no  other  in 
England.  ParttcnUrly  to  be  noticed 
are  the  carved  bosses  of  the  roof;  the 
corbels  between  the  arohes,  with  their 
exquisite  carved  foliage ;  and  the  wilb- 
dows  of  the  nave,  pt  hi  hi  ting  in  tfaeir 
tracery  greater  variety  than  can  be 
found  in  any  other  bmlding  in  tbe 
kingdtm.  Tbe«e  lost  are  arran^d 
in  paiiB  on  opposite  sides  of  the  eauie- 
dr^  BO  that  no  two,  aide  by  side, 
resemMe  each  other.  The  great  W. 
window  is  best  noticed  ttom  within ; 
its  curvilinear  tiaoeiy,  witii  that  of 
the  last  windows  on  either  side,  differs 
from  the  otiers.  TJnfcrtunately,  the 
glass  in  it  (dating  item  176C)is  worth- 
less, and  materially  i^jurea  the  beauty 
of  the  window.  In  the  centre  bay,  on 
the  N.  side  of  tbe  nave,  is  the  mt'n- 
ttreb'  gt^erg,  the  finest  example  of  Its 
kind  in  England. 

Opening  &om  the  first  bay  on  the 
N.  «dec?  ti  


<,  is  the  cAapd  o/ 


St.  Edmund,  which  now  MrTea  sb  the 
ComaiBtoiT  Ooort    Tha/o»f  inB.dde 

of  nave  is  a  oopy  of  thst  at  Beverley 
Minster;  the  mBcriptioB  round  ft 
should  be  read.  On  me  S.  sida  of  the 
Dare  was  the  tomb  of  Hagh  Conrtenaj, 
Earl  of  Devon  (d.  1377),  and  of  hia 
ooantesB  Margaret,  which  stood  in  a 
vsrj  rich  chajittir  chapel ;  this  waa 
taken  down  in  1630,  and  the  tomb 
itself  lemoved  lo  the  8.  tranBept.  Ite 
site  IB  marked  by  a  brass  of  Sir  Fetor 
Courtenay  (d,  1406),  which,  though 
mutilated,  is  atill  fine  and  interesting. 
AnoD^  c41ier  slahe  on  the  fioor  of  the 
nave,  is  that  of  John  Looaemore  (d. 
1682),  the  buildec  of  the  organ,  xe- 

Ealad  to  have  been  the  flrat  organ- 
uilder  of  bia  tune. 


the  original  Korm.  towers  should  be 
noticed,  ^th  the  eioeptton  of  the 
Ch.  of  Ottery  St.  Mwry  (which  geems 
to  have  been  built  in  direct  imitation 
of  this  cathedral),  Exeter  is  the  only 
ohnrch  in  England  which  has  tran- 
septal  towers.  In  the  N.  transept  la 
St.  Pauff  Chapd,  and  odjirining  it 
the  ohantiy  of  W.  Silke.  aub-chanler 
(d.  1 508),  bearii^  his  efflgy,  an  ems' 
ciated  figure  in  a  shroud,  and  above  it 
the  inscription,  "Sunt  quod eris,  fneram 
qnod  es ;  pro  me,  precor,  ora."  The 
ojoeft  in  this  transept,  which  probably 
dates  from  1317,  should  be  noticed. 


At  t: 


earth  was  supposed  to  he  the  cent 
the  universe,  as  will  be  seen  ot 
ferring  to  the  lower  diso,  where  the 
earth  forms  the  nucleus  of  the  inner 
circle ;  the  eon,  stamped  with  a  flenr- 
de-lia.  traverses  the  outer  circle  and 
points  to  the  hour  of  the  day ;  while 
the  moon,  nuide  black  on  one  side  and 
turned  by  clockwork  to  represent  its 
phases,  moves  in  the  intermediate 
space.  Little  of  the  original  clock- 
work, however,  now  remains,  tbe  last 
restcration  and  gilding  taking  place 
in  1859.  Fr<Hu  this  transept  the  N. 
tower  may  be  ascended,  in  which  is 
tbe  great "  Peter  "  bell,  after  "  Mighty 
Tom "  at  Oxford  the  largest  bell  in 
England.  The  t(^  of  tbe  tower  affords 
a  munificent  view  of  the  nit;  and  the 


-ES.  171 

river  as  bi'ax  Eunonth.  In  the  B, 
transmit  are  tbe  Courtenay  mimn- 
ment,  alreadjr  mentioned;  a  mural 
moDutoeot  to  Sir  Peter  Caiew  (d. 
1575) ;  and  an  arched  one  over  ttie 
remains  of  Leofric,  first  Bp.  of  Exeter. 
A  door  at  the  8.W.  oomer  of  this  tran- 
sit leads  to  iim  dtapel  of  tlu  Holy 
Ghrnt,  which  contains  a  tent  first  used 
at  the  baptism  of  (be  Princess  Hen- 
rietta,  daughter  of  Cbas.  I.,  who  was 
bom  at  Exeter  in  16*4 ;  and  beyond  i« 
the  Chapter-honK,  in  which  are  pre- 
served tbe  Ch^ler  library,  a  collec- 
tion of  8000  volumes;  an  alabaster 
model  of  the  tomb  of  Bp.  Carey  in  Hie 
Ch.  of  Sta.  Oroce,  at  Florence,  where 
he  died  in  1419 ;  and  a  sapphire  ring, 
chalice,  and  pateD,  found  in  tbe  tomb 
of  Bp.  Bytton.  before  the  high  altar. 

The  ehoir  is  separated  tmta  the 
nave  by  a  screen,  on  which  stands  the 
organ,  built  in  1665,  and  reputed  one 
of  the  finest  in  England,  thou^  the 
oldest  still  in  actoal  use.  In  the  choir 
should  be  noticed  :  the  roof  bosses  and 
corbels  (the  latter  even  more  beantiM 
in  desiga  sad  varied  in  foliage  than 


together  without  a  single  r  , 
towering  almost  to  the  roof;  the 
beautiful  pulnit ;  the  highly-enriched 
reredos ;  and  the  B.  window,  filled 
with  stained  glass,  most  of  which  is 
ancient.  Remark  also  in  the  choir 
the  monunients  to  Bp.  Marshall  (d. 
1206)  and  Bp.  Stapledon,  who  was 
killed  in  1325,  during  an  insurrection 
in  London  on  behalf  of  Queen  Isabella. 
Further  to  be  noticed  are  St.  An- 
drae'i  Ckapet,  opening  from  the  N. 
choir  aisle,  and  SI.  Jama'»  Chapel,  in 
the  correeponding  position  on  the  S. 
aide  of  the  catbedial.  In  a  chamber 
above  tie  former  are  preserved  tiie 
archives  ot  the  aee,  the  Exon  Domes- 
day, the  Fabric  Bolls,  and  the  ori- 
ginal charter,  granted  to  Leofric  by 
Edwurd  the  Confessor,  and  signed  by 
the  great  Earl  Godwin  and  his  sons, 
Eatold  (afterwards  king)  and  Tostig, 
conifirming  the  remove  of  the  see  from 


172  SSE 

Ctediton  to  Exeter  (1030);  in  tlie 
tatter  ia  a  beeatifnl  monument,  enid 
to  IwTe  been  erected  as  a  memorial 
(j  LeoMc.  At  tlie  end  of  the  choir 
aisleB,  in  correspondiQg  positiona,  ate 
the  chantries  or  Bt.  George,  founded 
by  Sir  John  Speke,  about  1S18,  and 
of  Bp,  Oldham  (1514-1519X  joint 
fonoder  with  Foi,  Bp.  of  Winchester, 
of  Corpus  Chriati  College.  Oxford. 

The  Ladg  Chapel,  in  vhich  earlj 
morning  terrice  is  performed,  has 
been  verf  comjiletely  restored  nnder 
the  directJoQ  of  ScoUi  it  cootaina 
the  moDuments  of  Bp.  Bortholo- 
meus  boanuB  (1159-1184).  Bp.  Si- 
moD  of  Apulia  (1206-1224),  and  of 
Bit  John  and  Ladj  Doddridge  (d. 
In  the  centre  of  the  pavement 
"  "  .   Qnivil  (d. 


thoL    . 

ment  of  the  works  which  transformed 
the  original  Norm,  cliurch  to  what  wa 
now  Bee.  Under  the  arches  opening 
to  the  Lady  Chapel  are  the  moDu- 
menCa  of  Sp.  Bronegoombe  (1258- 
1280)  and  Bp.  Stafford  (1394-1419). 
Opening  out  of  the  Lady  Chapel,  are, 
N.  the  chapel  of  Bt.  Mary  Magdalene, 
containing  the  monumenta  of  Sir 
Gflvaine  Carew  and  his  nephew  Sir 
Peter  Carew ;  and  on  the  S.,  the 
chapel  of  St.  Gabriel,  in  which  will 
be  noticed  a  monument  to  Uajor- 
General  Simcoe  (died  1806),  by  Flax- 
man,  and  Chantrey'B  Btatue  of  North- 
cote,  the  painter,  a  BeTonahire  man. 

Within  the  aooient  Close  anrround- 
ing  the  cathedral  are  the  Bishop's 
Palace  and  Deanery.  In  one  of  the 
honses  on  the  N.  aide  of  the  Close 
there  is  a  maKnifioent  bey  window  of 
Henr;  Tll.'s  time,  and  ft  flne  wooden 

(2)  The  CoHle,  called  also  Boaot- 
morU  OattU,  from  the  colour  of  the 
Boil  and  rock  on  which  it  stands,  was 
bnilt  before  tba  Conquest  It  is  now 
a  ruin.  The  mound  on  which  the 
building  was  erected  probably  marka 
the  site  of  a  British  stronghold,  and 
is  sitoaled,  like  those  at  Flyntjpton  and 
Totftet,  at  the  head  of  a  navigable 
estuary.  Of  the  Norm,  caitio,  the 
nly  considerable  part  which 


ifl  part  of  a  gateway  tower,  on  the  Mde 
towards  the  town,  at  the  head  of 
Gastle-«tioet.  One  side  of  the  area  of 
the  Castle  Yard  is  occupied  by  Qie 
Assize  Hall  and  Sessions  House,  bnilt 
in  1774.    In  the  crown  court  hangs  a 

Eicture  of  the  "  Acquittal  of  Susanna," 
y  W.  Brockedon,  a  native  of  Devon- 
shire, and  in  the  area  in  front  is  a 
statue  of  the  late  Earl  of  Forteecue 
(d.  1861),  by  Stephens,  Close  to  the 
castle  gate  are  the  grounds  of  Eouge- 
mont  Lodge  [Mrs.  B.  Gard),  to  which 
the  atiangei  is  admitted  on  presenting 
his  card.  They  contain  the  moat  per- 
fect part  of  the  castle  mound,  which 
has  been  laid  out  as  a  terrace  walk, 
and  are  overhung  by  the  ivied  walls 
adjoining  the  ancient  entrance. 

(3)  The  prdmenade  on  NorUiem- 
Aajr  has  been  formed  on  the  ground 
made  by  filling  up  the  fosee  under 
the  castle  wall,  and  levelling  the  slo- 
ping bank.  It  is  a  favourite  lounge 
of  the  inhabitants,  and  embraces  ex- 
tensive views  of  the  city,  river,  Ac, 
N.  and  W. 

(4)  Mount  JHnham  is  approached 
from  North-atreet.  The  grounds  are 
nicely  laid  out,  and  are  open  to  the 
public :  they  lie  along  the  crest  of  a 
steep  bank  rising  immediately  above 
the  Eie,  and  should  be  visited  for  the 
fine  view  which  they  aiford. 

(5)  The  QuildJuOl,  with  its  £liz^ 
bethan  facade,  bnilt  in  1593,  is  situ- 
ated in  the  High-street ;  it  is  open  at 
all  times,  strangera  have  only  to  walk 
in.  The  hall  has  been  restored  and 
renovated :  its  roof,  with  euriom 
brackets,  should  be  noticed,  as  also 
the  armorial  bearings  of  the  mayors, 
guilds,  and  benefactors  of  Exeter, 
which  ate  on  the  wall.  It  contuns 
several  portraits,  among  which  are 
those  of  Chief  Juatice  Pratt,  after- 
wards Lord  Chancellor,  and  Earl 
Oamden  (d.  1794),  by  Thomas  Hud- 
son, master  of  Sir  J.  Reynolds ;  Oene- 
ral  Honk,  l^  Sir  Peter  Lely ,-  and  the 
Princess  Henrietta  (also  by  Sir  P. 
Lely),  daughter  of  Charles  I.,  by 
->--    -^^     ---^-   -  .^d  to 


EXETER— EXMOnrS. 


173 


to  the  city  bj  Edw.  IV.,  in  147U,  the 
other  (together  with  the  cap  of  maia- 
tenance),  by  Hen.  VII.,  in  1497. 
Both  are  the  genuine  aworda  of  tht 
kioga  to  whom  they  are  attributed ; 
they  are  only  to  be  seen  by  special 
penniBdoD. 

(C)  The  AUkH  Jftweum,  In  Qi 
street,  near  the  Foal  Ogioe  and  railway 
BtatioD,  is  a  very  Btnkin^  building, 
erecfed  at  a  cost  of  17,0001.  (besides 
the  land  presented  by  B.  8.  Gmd, 
Esq.,  late  H.P.  for  Exeler),  as  a 
memorial  of  the  late  Prinoe  ConaorL 
It  contains  a  Free  Library,  a  Museum 
of  Natural  Hiatoir,  Eoooomio  Geo- 
logy, and  Devonafiira  Antiquities,  a 
School  of  Art  and  Science  ClasBea. 
The  library  consists  of  a  reading-room, 
and  lending  library  of  10,000  TOlnmeH, 
and  DODtaiuB  the  original  cast  of 
Behnes'  alatue  of  Sit  William  Follett 
(d.  IMS),  M.P.  for  Eieter,  and  Dative 
of  Toptham,  and  a  piotore  of  "the 
death  of  Virginia,"  by  Opie.  On  the 
staircase  is  a  statue  of  the  Prince  Con- 
sort in  hia  robes,  aa  Chancellor  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  by  Stephens. 
In  the  School  of  Art  is  a  piotnre  by 
John  Cross,  of  Tiverton,  rtpresentiog 
the  burii^  of  the  princes  in  the  Tower. 
The  dty  contains  twenty-one  Parith 
ChuTiAei,  several  of  them  very  inte- 
resting to  the  nntiqnary.  The  ancient 
crypt  {Trans.-Norm.)  in  81.  SUphen's 
(A,,  High-street,  ia  worth  notice.  The 
EaU  of  the  Coliege  of  Pnett-VieaTt. 
entered  &om  SoutL-atreet,  ia  interest- 
ing. It  ia  used  for  meetings  of  the 
Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society, 
and  coQtaiDS  models  of  fonts,  tubbloga 
of  brasses,  drawings  relatiOK  to  eccle- 
•iokigy,  and  a  painting  by  W.  Oandy. 
Sooie  remarkable  iM  liauiei  (Eliza- 
bethan) shonld  be  noticed  in  the  Hlgh- 

Exawtioat. — One  of  the  finest  views 
is  from  Knoul  HSX,  above  the  village 
of  He.  Eetnrning  by  Long  Down, 
the  whole  distance  will  be  6  or  7  m. 
[PfudsrAotn  CatHe  (Earl  of  Devon)  ia 
no  longer  accessible  to  the  pnblic]  It 
ia  also  apleaaant  walk  along  the  hanka 
of  the  Ship  Canal  to  TppsAom  (also 


station,  5|  m.  by  rail.  Jnnt:  Qkbe; 
BalatatiiBi),  atkd  beyond  (about  1  m.) 
as  far  as  iv,rf  (whitebait  here  in  th« 
season).  A  moat  enjoyable  excursion 
may  be  made  by  water  to  Turf  (2  hra.). 
Hire  a  boat  at  the  aiy  Wliarf.  Short 
exonisions  may  also  be  made  to  the 
ridge  of  Eaidon  and  Wid&e  Domt, 
3  m.  on  old  Okehampton-road ;  to 
Exmdt  Hia,  N.W. ;  PauMghania,  • 
row  of  Itonaea  on  the  TiTwtoD  road, 
loolcing  down  the  vale  of  the  Eze ; 
the  grounds  of  Fordlanda,  2^  m.  W. ; 
PinAoe  (Stat.)  Ch^  H  m.  E.,  and  1}  m. 
beyond  Petlimore  Houm  ;  Heavittee, 
1  m.  on  Honiton  road.  The'excnraJMia 
by  railway  are  many,  and  highly  de- 
lightful. To  SidmoiUfi,  )  hr. ;  £» 
moutA,  i  hr. ;  Sudleigh  BMarlim,  train 
to  Exfim/ttth,  thence  by  omniboa,  5  m. ; 
Daaiiih,  12^  m. ;  Te^ntoatt,  15  m. ; 
Tolnet,  29  m.,  for  a  trip  down  the 
Dart  1}  hr.,  and  for  visit  to  roins  of 
Berry  Pomenty  CastU,  2  m.  E. ;  to  the 


.  &om  Sidmi 


Other  e 


made  from  this  city,  will  be  fono  . 
described  under  Dartmoor,  Morebm 
Bampitead,  and  Bmtji  Traety,  Tlis 
loorist  desiring  to  reach  Darteraor,  or 
its  borders  from  Crediton  (7  m,,  Exeter 
&  Barnstaple  RIy.),  is  adiiud  either 
towalk  to  JUbrelon,  12  m.,or  to  proceed 
by  railway  to  Ok^tampUm. 

EsuooB,  see  i^ynton. 

Kxmoutll  (Devon.),  SUL,  L.  ft 
S.  W.  Ely.,  10)  m. from  Exeter.  Inns.- 
"Imperial,  &cing  the  sea  and  S  min. 
walk  from  ths  railway  station  :  Boyal 
Beacon ;  London.  A  very  favourite 
waterinfE-plaoe,  charmingly  situated 
on  K  Bide  of  the  estnary  of  the  Exe, 
The  ridge  of  Holdon  ranges  as  a  back- 
ground at  an  ahnost  uniRinn  elevation 
of  800  St.  The  effects  here  of  anniise 
and  sunset  ore  magni&ceat,  and  have 
been  often  and  wdl  depicted  t?  the 
late  Franda  Danby,  B.A.  The  Bea- 
con WiJki,  cnt  on  the  alope  of  the 
hill,  and  taatefully  planted  (or  pablic 
use  by  the  late  Lord  Bolle,  a&ird  a 
very  pleusant  promenade.  The  £!ipla- 
le  (1600  fLX  bounded  by  a  strcng 
wall,  ia  also  a  very  favourite  walk 
and  drive. 


EFAM—FAKENRAM. ! 


The 

visitor  Tan  croia  the  ferry  to  Stareroae, 
Dawlith,  HaldiHi,  Teignmoulh.  On  the 
Exmouth  aide  be  can  wooiier  to  Orcom/i 
Point;  to  LiUleham,  thence  to  Wmt 
Doom  Beacon  and  Badleigh  ScUterUm 
to  pretty  village  of  Witkeconibe,  1  m. 
and  beyond,  2i  m,,  to  the  fragment  of 
a  Ch..  known  as  31.  John  in  Oie  Wit- 
(femen  ;  tbence  to  Woo(Umnj  Common 
and  its  osmp.  Toptham  may  be  Jilea- 
sanlly  reached  by  boat.  An  omnibus 
mna  fonr  timea  <^i1y  to  and  from  Bud' 
leigh  Sollvrbm,  5  m.  The  Ben  fiahing, 
boating,  and  battling  here  and  at  Bnd- 
leJRb  ^Iterton  are  excellent. 

2  m.  N.  of  Exmouth  is  the  charm- 
ing Tillage  of  Lympefoae,  close  to 
which  iBNatwell  Couit,  the  seat  of 
tii«  Drake  family.  Between  Eimooth 
and  LympBttine,  rt.  of  main  roe  ' 
Point  tn  Viea,  oondsting  of  a 
dence  for  minister,  and  a  few  ; 
below  it  of  a  amaU  ciroolar 
denoe,  iiibabited  by  fonr  maiden  ladiee. 
TJudar  roof  of  latter  is  the  miniature 
chapel,  which  Is  weU  worth  a 
Permieaion  readily  given  by  the 
dents.  The  view  from  tne  ■m 
very  flae.  Observe  eBpeoially  bow 
little  space  is  occupied  by  the  organ, 
reading-deek,  and  pulpit,  vrbioh  are 
fHa junda  {»  uno.  This  is  the  bigbly 
ingeaions  contriraDoeand 
of  the  present  minifiter. 

ExTON,  see  OaftAom. 


Eyam — called  Eem  (Derby): 
tn.  from  Hassop  Stat,  Midi.  Bly.— is 

Bononndod  bj  pictureaqne  limestone 
scenery,  and  is  memorable  for  the 
devastation  caosed  by  the  plagne  in 
1665,  when  260  out  of  the  350  inhabi- 
tants died.  Alittletotbe  W.UOtcIilef 
Delpli,  a  ravine  where  Mr.  Mompesson, 
the  vioar,  held  the  service  noen  the 
church  was  obliged  to  be  closed  from 
fear  [of  infection.  In  the  ch.-yard  is 
the  tomb  of  Mrs.  Hompeaaon.  who  fell 
a  victim,  and  also  a  I»autifnlly-Bculp- 
tnred  orcaa  of  great  antiquity,  i  m.  S. 
is  the  fine  rock  scenery  of  HiddUlon 
Dale  and  the  Lonenf  iMtp,  (See  also 
Siefield — Enviions.) 

Bye  (Safibtt:).  A  short  branch 
line  runs  to  Eye  from  the  Mellis  Stat., 
Gt.  £.  Bly.    The  points  of  interest 


are:  (a)  The  CattU,  of  which  only 
&(igments  of  ila  Norm,  stonework  re- 
main, (b)  The  Church  (restored  1869) 
is  a  very  fine  building.  The  tower, 
101  ft  high,  is  an  admiiable  speci- 
men of  stone  and  flint  work.  The 
fine  S.  porch  is  of  the  same  dato  and 
character  as  the  tower.     The  tower 


e  the  n 


arePerp. 

ErtOBD,  see  Skm-on-Vie-WM. 

Falrford    (Gloucester.)— Stat. 
Witney  Branch  Q.W.  Bly.  (Jrm.-Bull, 

where  tickets,  2>.  Gd.  a  day,  may  be 
had  for  trout-flahing  in  the  Colne)— is  ft 
small  but  ancient  town,  celebrated  for 
its  Perp.  Church  and  its  magnificent 
stained  oZom.  which  is  believed  by 
some  entbusiasta  to  be  true  apecimena 
by  Albert  DOter.  But  the  beet  ar- 
chnologiata  connder  it  to  be  English 
work  of  the  date  of  the  I6th  cent. 
There  are  28  windows,  and  Vandyck 
said  of  them,  "  that  many  of  the 
flgnies  were  so  eiqaisitely  done,  that 
they  could  not  be  executed  by  the 
best  pencil."  The  W.  window  repre- 
sents the  Last  Judgment,  and  the  E. 
window  the  Cmcifliion.  The  "iW- 
ford  ^ves"  and  numerous  and  In- 
tereetmg  specimens  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  period  were  discovered  in  1850 
in  a  field  near  the  town.  Fair/ord 
Park  (J.  B.  Barker,  Esq.)  has  a  fine 
avenue.  Excursion,  2  m.  N.W.  to 
Qaenington  Ch.  (Norm.),  which  has 
two  sptendidly-scidptared  doors, 
Faibuqht,  see  BaiUngt. 
Faibmilb,  see  B>h^. 
Fahenbum  (Norfolk).— Stat. 
Ot.  Eaatn.  Bly.  Intu:  Crown:  Bed 
Lien.  A  town  on  the  Wensum.  chiefly 
known  for  its  Corn-market  The  Ch. 
of  BS.  Peter  and  Paul  is  a  large  cdi- 
Sce,  with  a  lofty  embattled  tower 
(Perp.).  Within  is  a  rich  and  elegant 
screen  in  carved  wood.  The  Perp. 
Gmt  is  adorned  with  emblems  repre- 
aenting  the  Four  Evangelists,  Uie 
Trinity,  and  the  Passion. 
SI  m.  S.W.  ia  Bainham  HaR  (Har- 
lia  of  Townahend),  erected  by  Jtigo 
met,  1630.  Here  is  the  celebrated 
Belisarius  of  Sahalor  Bma,  presented 


FALMOUTH. 


175 


to  the  MDond  ViBComit  t?  Fredario  the 
Gieat ;  it  is  peiliaps  the  finest  work  of 
that  nuBter  m  EDgland.  It  has  been 
rained  at  10.0001.  llieie  is  alao  a 
laige  and  higUjr-inteTeatiDR  oollectioD 
of  Aill-leagth  pottmita  of  EQgliab  boI- 

3  m.  N.  of  Fakenham  is  EaU  Bar- 
Aam  Hall.  It  is  one  of  the  ri 
exauwles  of  oroftmenlal  brickiroik  in 
the  Todot  style  now  eitant.  Upon 
the  N.  aide  of  the  great  court  is  an 
elceont  entranos  porch ;  the  tovren 
and  turreta  are  in  a  fine  state  of  pre- 
servation ;  it  was  erected  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  reign  of  Henry  Til.,  and 
was  the  seat  of  the  Cnlthoipea. 

In  Toflreet  Ch.,  2  m.  S, W.,  ifl  a  very 
remarkable  Nmn.  font.  In  ScuiOiorpe 
Ch.,  2  m.  N.W.,  is  alao  a  fine  Norm. 

About  4  m.  W.  of  Fakenham  ia 
Eoaghton  (Marquis  of  Oholmondele;), 
bnflt  by  Sir  Bobert  Walpole  (1722- 
17^.  In  the  hall  is  a  fine  bronze 
cast  of  the  Laocoon  hy  Girardon,  and 
■ante  sculptare  by  Ryghrach.  In  the 
libiaty  a  whole  length  portrait  of 
Oeo^  I.  by  Kneller.  The  house 
also  contains  fine  oarrin^  by  Oibbona ; 
%>estry,  ^. 

10  m.  N.  of  Fakenham  is  Eolkhaut 
(see  WelU). 

Fallouen,  see  EmUelon. 

Valmoutll  (Cornwall),  llj  m. 
In  rail  from  Truro.  Jntu :  Falmoatb 
Hotel,  cloee  to  station,  and  Pendemiis 
Oaatle ;  **Green  Bank  Hotel,  at  oppo- 
site end  of  town  and  overlooking  the 
Wboor;  BoyaL  The  town  oonaiatti 
mainly  of  one  long,  narrow  street  of 
mean  appearance,  but  it  derives  its 
chief  interest  from  the  beauty  of  its 
position  on  the  shore  of  one  of  the 
finest  barboorB  in  the  kingdom.  At 
the  entranoe  to  the  bajbonr  on  S.  side 
are  Pendennis  Point  and  OatOe.  The 
latter  afforded  shelter  to  the  qiieen. 
Henrietta  Maria,  in  1611,  and  to  Prince 
Cbarleo  in  1646,  who  sailed  henoe  to 
Solly.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and 
from  the  ramparts  may  be  obtained 
views  of  extreme  beoaty.  A  circular 
tower,  erected  in  reign  of  Henry  TUL, 
and  now  the  residence  of  the  Lient- 
Govemor,  is  the  most  ancient  part  of 


this  fortress.  The  RogtH  CormBall 
Yaekt  Club  baa  its  bead  qiartera  in 
the  town,  and  the  Boyal  CbrRuxilJ 
FolyUehnie  Soetdy  meets  annoally  at 
the  Society's  Hall.  Days  may  be 
spent  by  the  lonrist  in  exploring  the 
several  deep  and  wooded  inlets  of  this 
beautiful  haven,  which  extends  as  &r 
as  the  entrance  of  the  Tmio  river, 
4  m.,  and  wbioh  is  known  as  the 
Carrkk  Soad*.  Nearest  the  town, 
and  ronnding  thepoint  not  tai  ttwa 
the  Green  Bonk  Hotel,  an  arm  of  the 
sea  rons  to  i'mrj^n ;  half-way  up  this 
arm  there  ia  a  remarkably  distinct 
echo.  A  feny-boat  ctosaes  fann  the 
shore  immediately  betow  the  Gieen 
Bank  Hotel  to  the  prettily-situated 
vUIage  of  FltuJiing,  close  to  which  are 
the  pictQr«eqne  woods  and  gronnds  irf 
TreJtttU.  After  ronnding  TrefuEis 
Point,  the  next  Inlet,  piooeeding  N. 
np  the  haiboDT,  is  Mytor,  extsMing 
to  the  wood  of  .^^i  (J.  B.  Enjs,  Esq.), 
and  at  its  month  affording  a  &voimte 
anohcoage  for  vessels  of  small  tonnage. 
The  Chnroh  at  Mjlor  (recenUy  re- 
stored) deserves  notice,  and  the  neigh- 
bonrbood  of  tbe  villa^  ia  known  to 
botanists  as  affording  all  the  varieties 
of  English  heaths.  To  this  inlet  sno- 
ceeda  BeitTonouet  &««ft,nmnlng,  Sm., 
to  Pemm  Wliarf  and  the  woods  of 
GarelMe  (Colonel  Tremayne).  On  its 
shore  ia  me  port  and  town  of  Devoran, 
and  near  it  the  Ch.  of  8L  Feock  (4  m. 
tmra  Falmouth  or  Trnto),  interesting 
for  its  ancient  cross. 

put  Creek  is  the  next  in  order,  the 
entrance  of  the  Truro  river  being  a 
little  beyond  it.  Betuming  to  Fal- 
month  on  the  opposite  or  E.  side  of  the 
harbonr,  the  tourist  will  skirt  an  un- 
broken shore  nntil  within  1{  m.  of 
81.  Maaet  CattU,  where  the  hilla  are 
penetrated  by  81.  Jult  Creek.  The  se- 
clnded  bay  here  is  well  worth  visiting. 
The  nest  creek  constitutes  the  harbonr 
of  St.  Maine*,  and  extends  N.  almost  to 
the  shores  of  Oerran's  Bay.  The 
Caatle  (erected  sbont  the  aame  time  aa 
Pendennis)  stands  on  h.  side  ef  the 

^jenoe,  which  is  bounded  en  8.  aide 

at.  jlnfAony's  Mead  and  lighthouse. 

le  Ch.  of  8t.  AsUhimfi,  to  which 
there  is  a  onrioos  private  entrance 


176 


FABiyGDOS. 


from  the  hittAen  of  Place  Houte  (the 
seat  of  the  Spry  ^milj),  the  heet  E.-E. 
example  in  the  county,  should  be 
visited.  The  Bladi  Bock  lies  midway 
between  the  two  potote  at  the  eotranee 
of  Falmouth  h^rboiu.  From  Penri/n 
(inn;  King's  Arms) — about  ten  mi- 
natea  bj  r&u,  or  a,  pleaaant  walk  about 
2|m.  from  Falmouth  (the  Green  Bask 
Hotel  is  nearly  equidistant  &om  Fal- 
mouth and  Penryn  State.) — the  tourist 
should  viait  the  granite  quarriaa  at 
Xdbe  and  CoailanUne,  the  most  im- 
portant of  these  beine  eitaated,  about 
2  a.,  on  each  side  of  the  old  road  lesd- 
lug  to  HelsloD. 

Falmratz,  see  Scarborough. 

Falstome,  aee  Bdlimihaia. 

Farlntrdon  (Berka.).  Stat., 
G.  W.  Bly.  {.branch  hue  of  SJ  m,  from 
Uffington  Juno.).  Inn .-  Crown.  This 
town  was  a  residence  of  the  Saiou 
Unga.  It  stands  on  the  aide  of  a 
hill  in  a  sheltered  sitoation,  and  oom- 
mondi  fine  vieiTB  of  the  Berkshire 
Downs  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
valley  of  the  Thames  on  the  other. 

The  large  orociform  CAunA  (restored) 
ta  DOW  mainly  E.  E.,  but  with  a  low 
Norm,  tower.  The  chancel  is  very 
fine  K  E.  Observe  also  a  door  of  the 
same  date,  with  beautiful  ironwork. 

Faringd/m  Hmua  (Daniel  Bennett, 
Eaq.)  near  the  ch.,  and  approached 
throneh  a  noblu  atenne  of  elms,  was 
built  by  Pye  the  poet  hiureate,  on  the 
site  of  the  ancient  mansion  which 
was  garrisoned  for  Oborles  I. 

FaTtngdan  Clamp,  a  grove  of  Scotch 
fits,  on  an  eminence  of  iron-sand  just 
outoide  the  town,  is  the  chief  iMid- 
mark  in  theVole  of  White  Horse,  aod 


Vffivglon  is  a  pleasant  village  (S.  of 
Ufflnglon  June.)  under  the  White 
Horse  HiU. 

Tlie  noble  Gi.  (tonnded  1105)  is 
moatly  of  E.  E.  cliaracler,  and  has  a 
very  fine  central  odagouEd  lautem 
tower.  SevNiil  of  the  details  of  this 
beautiftU  di.  are  figured  in  Bickman 
and  in  Parker's  'Gloss,  of  Arohitec- 


S.  of  the  villus  rises  tbe  While 
HoTte  BUI,  so  named  fiom  the  rade 
figure  of  a  galloping  steed  cat  in 
lie  turf  near  its  summit,  which  has 

SLven   its   name  to    the  vale  upon 
ich  it  has  looked  down  tbe«e  thou- 
sand years  or  more."     It  is  cat  on  tlte 
N.W.  fcoe  of  the  hill,  and  being  374  fl. 
length,  and  stretching  over  an  acre 
ground,  is  visible  from  a  distance 
of  20  m. 

the    White    Horse   b    a 

cnrtous  deep  and  broad  golly  colled 

the  '  Manger,'  into  one  aide  ^  which 

hills  bll  with  a  series  of  sweepii^ 

fes,  known  as '  The  Giant's  Btaiis.'^ 

The  oUier  side  of  the  Manger  ia  knoim 

-  -  "  The  Dragon's  Hill." 

At  tbe  summit  of  tbe  hill,  which  is 

fL  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  is  the 


W.  and  500  ft.  from  N. 

i  m.  N.W.  is  another  camp  celled 
Eordiedl  GatOe,  and  about  1  m.  8.W. 
is  Mfnd't  Camf. 

Following  tke  hill  westward  for  \  m. 
close  to  the  anoient  Bidgeway,  the 
cromlech,  known  aa  Wayland  Smith'g 
Cave,  is  reached.  It  oonsista  of  three 
large  stones,  with  a  fourth  laid  upon 
them,  and  several  others  scatt^ed 
around. 

Caleehill  (3  m.  aW.)  is  a  modd 
village.  The  Ch.,  originally  Trana- 
Norm,  and  E.  E.,  has  a  good  Perp. 
tower,  and  a  modem  Dec.  chancel. 
CcUthiU  Hoiue  (Earl  of  Badnor), 
erected  by  Inigo  Jones  in  1650,  alAndi 
in  a  fine  park. 

Great  CoxineV.  ia  a  small  village, 
2  m.  S„  and  at  a  short  distance  from 
it,  on  the  top  of  Badbnry  Hill,  are 
the  remains  of  a  Roman  camp  of  a 
circular  form,  200  yds.  in  diam. 

Close  to  the  village  is  a  very  lai^ 
bom,  the  remains  of  a  religious  es- 
tablishment, built  by  the  abbots  of 
Beaulieu  (New  Forest),  to  wbran  ttte 
manor  was  granted  by  King  John  in 
1205. 

Near  lAtOe  Ctaacil,  1)  m.  S.,  and 
extending  over  an  area  of  nesrly  14 
acres,  are  the  Cole*  Pit*.  They  num> 
ber  about  200,  are  of  a  dnmlar  fcom. 
and  frtMU  7  to  22  ft,  deep,  and  ate 


FARNBOSOUQH—FASNHAM. 


177 


Bupposed  to  hare  been  the  habiUtioiu 
or  hidinf;  places  of  ancient  Briloiu. 

FiUOfiOH  Castle,  see  Bradford 
(WatB.). 

FABMDia  Wooi^  Bee  Oimdle. 


Waterloo.  Another  route  (53  m.) 
h;  g.  E.  Klj.,  via  Bedhill  (Beediog 
]&ancb).  Tlia  touriBt  anivmg  he~ 
will  be  bout  on  proceeding  either 
the  Cbobliam  ridecs  (see  Wohing), 
or  to  Aldaikot  Camp.  The  latter, 
which  waa  permaneiitiy  eBlabliahed  in 
the  Bommer  of  1854,  lies  m  E.  eide  of 
the  Wincheater  turnpike  toad,  and 
divided  into  a  N.  ana  8.  Camp  by  the 
BBsiugBtobe  caoal.  The  platean  ~ 
vhich  the  2  camps  stand  Ib  on 
average  320  ft  above  the  sea.  The 
railway  atationi  which  give  access  t 
the  Camp  are:  (1)  by  L.  &  8,  Tf 
Bly.  to  Faniboroiigb,  from  the  N, 
Ash  and  ToDgbam  on  8.,  distancee 
from  2  to  3  m. ;  North  Camp  Stat, 
I  m.  from  entranoo  of  N.  Camp,  and 
very  near  the  rifle-rangea  on  Ash  Com- 
idod;  Aldershot,  very  near  the  bi.  Camp: 
(2)  By  a.  E.  Bly.  to  Aah,  2  m.  trom  8. 
Camp ;  Alderahot  (or  N.  Camp),  which 
is  nearer  to  the  Camp  tUan  8.  MT.  Blv. 
8tBt.  <^  same  name ;  and  Famborongh, 
J  m.  N.E.  of  Famborongh  Stat,  B.  W. 
Bly.  There  Ib  also  direct  railnay  coin- 
municalioD  between  Asoot  and  Wok- 
ing, with  Stats,  at  Bagshot,  Camberley 
(for  Yorh  Town),  and  Frimley.  Prom 
the  ladt  named  the  line  is  (IBTS)  being 
oontinued  to  the  North  Camp.  At 
the  Famborongh  and  both  the  N. 
Camp  atationa,  omnibuses  and  cabs 
meet  most  of  the  trains.  The  pedes- 
trian, however,  would  do  well  to  walk 
through  the  fir  plantalians,  making 
Ilia  way  towards  the  4  ohoichee  in 
the  Campi^  which,  dtoated  on  ri^ng 
groimd,  serve  as  landmarks.  The  8. 
Camp  occupies  much  mote  space  than 
the  N.  damp,  and  has  all  the  ohief 
pablio  establishments.  On  a  hillock 
in  the  centre,  tect^nisable  from  a&u 
by  its  cJnmps  of  nra,  are  the  head- 
qnartew  of  the  Lt-Gen.  in  command. 
In  the  Winchester-toad  (ante),  dose  to 
the  N.  Camp,  are  the  Queen't  Hold 
and  the  offloers'  QvMmtue.  J  m.  8.  of 


the  latter  is  the  permanent  Ch.  of  AU 
Sainii.  A  short  distance  further,  on 
opposite  side  of  the  road,  is  the  Queen** 
Faviliim.  About  }  m.  W,  of  this  ex- 
tends the  Long  VaUeg,  at  the  estremi^ 
of  which  is  a  steep  hill  (600  ft.),  -mUi 
some  ancient  entrenchments  known  M 
Catar's  Gamp.  From  this  point  will 
be  obtained  the  best  view  of  the  troD|)s 
on  a  Field  Day.  Together  the  Cbmpa 
cover  an  area  of  about  7  sq.  m.,  and 
tbev  commoal;  contain  about  12,000 
soldiers,  besides  women  and  children. 
The  town  of  Aldenhot  closely  a^jraus 
the  8.  Camp  (Jnn«.-  Cambridge  H.; 
Wellington  H. ;  Oeorae  H. ;  Bo^  H.). 
Aih  Ch.  (rebuilt  by  Woodyer)  is  2  n. 
E.,  and,  like  Aliiersbot,  the  village 
baa  largely  grown  since  the  e«tabliA- 
ment  of  the  Camp. 
Fabhi  IsLAiois,  see  BavAoroKgh. 
Itemlinm  (Surrey),  Stat,  10 
.  bom  London,  L  &  6.  W.  Bly. 
Itmi:  **  Bush;  Lion  and  Lamb. 
The  town  and  neighbourhood  con- 
tain much  to  interest  the  tourist  The 
otiief  faitore  of  the  town  is  still 
the  stately  moated  Cattle,  a  rest- 
dence  of  the  Bps.  of  Winchester,  on 
whom  the  manor  was  bestowed  by 
EthelboldofWessex,  A.l>.  860.  Itsof. 
feted  much  in  the  Civil  Wars,  and 
present  form  mun1y  to  Bp. 
Motley  (1662-81).  The  servants'  hail 
is  part  of  the  original  structure  (1136). 
The  chapel  contains  some  <srved  panels 
by  Gibbons.  The  Keep  is  probably 
temp.  Hen.  III.  The  town,  i^so  cele- 
bnled  for  its  hop  plantations,  is 
almost  connected  with  Aldetsbot 
The  tourisf  B  first  eicorsion  may  well 
be  to  (o)  Moot  Park,  1  m.  E.,  and 
Wavvrley  Abbey,  about  1  m.  beyond. 
Moor  Fark  (J.  F.  Bateman,  Esq., 
P.B.S.)  was  the  retreat  of  Sir  Wm. 
Temple  (d.  1689),  author  of  the  '  Triple 
Alliance.'  Near  the  E,  end  of  the 
house  is  the  sun-dial  nnder  which, 
according  to  his  own  request,  his 
heart  was  buried.  Sir  Wm.'B  secre- 
tary was  Jonathan  Swift,  who  wrote 
'lere  his  'Battle  of  the  Books,'  and 
Tale  of  a  Tub,'  and  made  love  to 
Stella,  lAdy  Giflhtd's  waiting-maid. 
At  the  end  of  the  Park,  opening  on  to 
the  bealb,  is  "  Mother  Ludtam't  Cavt^ 


178 


FA  VEnmAM—PFF.STimOG. 


the  WBidenoe  of  the  "  White  Witch," 
who,  aocoidiog  to  the  legend,  need  lo 
be  invoked  hy  hei  neighbotua  (see 
'  Handbook  for  Surrey '}-  1^^  caldron 
landeced  famous  bj  the  legend  is  gtill 
depoKted  in  JVeiwftam  (a,,3ni,  further 
a  About  1  m.  B^.  of  Moor  Faik  are 
the  beantifal  E.-E.  mins  of  Waverleij 
Abbeti,  the  first  house  of  the  White 
Monks  (Cistorc)  founded  in  England 
(1128).  At  ra/ofd  Green  ia  the  King's 
Oek,  meaaoring  in  circuit  23}  ft.  at 
S  fl.  from  the  ground.  2  m.  E.  from 
Faroham,  the  tourist  will  reach  a,  iei- 
jnination  of  the  Hog'i  Baek,  a  remark- 
able ridge  of  chalk  extending  iu  the 
direction  of  Guildford  (see).  6^  m. 
fiom  Famham,  on  N.  aide  of  the  ridge, 
are  the  delieionsly  pure  WatiiboTOugh 
qirings. 

FuveTKbam  (Kent).  Stai.L. 
C.  &  D.  Bly.  and  June,  for  Heme  Bay, 
Margate,  and  Bamsgato.  Inn:  The 
Ship.  A  Jbnious  Abbey  existed  here 
in  earl;  times,  of  which  scarcely  any 
tiaoe  now  renmins.    The  Parith  Ch. 


of  great  size  and  beauty,  the  transepts 
being  divided  into  3  uales,  by  2  rows 
of  octangular  pillars.  The  nave,  in  its 
Resent  state,  is  the  vilest  Georgian 
Crainthian,  ceiled  and  pewed.  Ob- 
serve modem  font,  aod  in  N.  transept 


Felfham,  see  Bagnor. 

Felstead  (l^i).  Stat.  Gt.  E. 
BIy.  The  Ch.,  standing  on  an  emi- 
nence, has  portions  which  have  been 
considered  SaioD.  .It  contains  what 
was  once  a  splendid  monntnent  to  the 
fir«t  Lord  Itioh,  the  founder  of  a  hos- 
pilal  at  Felstead,  and  of  the  Grammar 
School,  in  which  Dr.  Isaac  Barrow, 
Dr.  John  Wallis,  the  mathematiciaD ; 
Richard  Cromwell,  and  two  at  least  of 
bis  brothers  were  educated.  Oliver 
Cromwell's  wife  was  the  daughter  of 
Bir  James  Bourchier,  of  Felstead,  and 
his  eldest  son,  Bobert,  was  buried  here 
in  lliS!>.  ICatiier  more  than  half  a  mile 
beyond  Felstead  Slat,  stood  the  Priory 
of  Little  Dunmow,  of  which  there  are 


I   of  1 


of   t 


highest  interest;  also  on  wall  of  N. 
aiue  of  chancel,  some  14th-cent.  paint- 
ings. In  the  chancel,  which  is  of  un- 
usual bnadth,  are  12  miserere  stalls. 

The  Qrammar  School  adjoins  the 
ch.-yd.,  and  beyond  the  school  is  the 
house  of  "  Master  Arden." 

Visit  Dariiwton  CK  (carefoHv  re- 
stored by  Mr.  Willement)  and  village, 
im.N.w.  The  Prioiy.  of  which  there 
are  intenetiiig  remains,  was  Benedict- 
ine, founded  11  S3. 

IHttancet  (by  railV—XJanterbnry,  9j 
m. ;  Borer,  26  m. ;  Whitstable,  6}  m. ; 
Margate,  21]  m. 

Fawlbt,  see  Sovlhamplon. 

FsCKKijBAH,  see  Woree^er. 

Fblbsigqe,  sea  Cromer. 

Fejskikk,  see  Thirtk. 

Felixstowb,  see  Iptaich. 

FELMEnSHAii,  see  Bedford. 


still  a 


Itw 


founded  for  Augustinian  Canons  i 
IIIM.  Attached  to  it  were  lands  held 
bj  an  ancient  "  custom,"  hy  which  a 
Flitch  of  Bacon  could  be  claimed  by 
any  married  couple  who  had  "  not  re- 
pented them,  sleeping  or  wkking,  of 
their  marriage  in  a  year  and  a  day." 
The  eatlieet  claim  recorded  in  the 
Charterlary  of  the  Priory  was  m  the 
^ear  1445 :  the  last  claim  allowed  was 
in  1751.  The  costom  has  been  revived 
of  late  years,  hut  in  connection  with 
the  tmni  of  Great  Dunmow,  which 
Ma,  however,  in  reality  nothing  to  do 

The  S.  aisle  and  5  arches  of  the 
nave  of  the  Priory  Ch.  form  the  present 
Pariih  Ch.  Under  an  arch  in  the  S. 
wall  near  the  E.  end,  is  a  tomb,  said 
to  be  that  of  the  foundress.  Close  to 
it  is  the  arm-chair  in  which  the  happy 
couple  who  obtained  tlio  flitch  were 
wont  to  be  installed.  The  next  railway 
station  is  Dunmow.  {SeeGt.Dtmmotc?) 

Fbn  DrrTOH,  see  Cambridge. 

FBHBYeiDE,  see  Caermarlhen. 

ffestfnlotr  (Merioneth.);  I{ 
hr.  by  rail  from  Portraadoc,  and  1  hr, 
tronx  Tan-y-lmlch ;  8m.  &oathelatta 
by  road.  Jntw.-  *Pengwem  Arms; 
The  Abbey  Arms.  A  little  town  on  a 
hill  between  the  men  Dwyryd  and 
CjnvaeL 

fboirnoiu. — A  path  leads  beaa  the 
town  across  a  bimyard  and  field,  to 
the  wooded  banks  cf  the  Cynvad, 
whidh  rashes  down  the  glen  in  a  Fitc- 


FILET— FLEETWOOD. 


179 


cession  of  romantic  raits.  Prom  tho 
&Us  tho  tourist  mar  follow  the  atream 
about  4§  m.,  passing  Foot  Newydd, 
throagli  most  romantio  aeenery,  to  the 
beaatlfol  glen  of  BhaiadT-ami.  neai 
which  the  river  falla  porpendicularl}' 
over  a  series  of  deeply-cleft  ptecipiccB ; 
hence  he  may  return  I,  by  road  to  Ffesti- 
niog.  To  Bala  (see),  aboat  19  m.  B.E. 
To  the  aiate  Quarriee,  H  [m.  The 
railway  journey  (to  Dnflws),  2(1  min., 
should  lie  taken  as  a  antioBity  (gange 
line  of  rather  leaa  than  2  ft.),  tboagh 
the  pedeiStriau  will  have  a  better  oppor- 
timity  of  enjoying  the  highly  pic- 
turesque scenery.  The  quamea  are 
situated  on  the  W.  slopes  of  the  Manod 
mountains,  and  on  the  aide  of  Yr  AUt 
Pawr,  a  bold  oatUne  of  the  Moelwyn 
group.  There  ia  a  good  road  N,  b> 
Dolwyddelan  (pron. "  Dol'thelen "),  8 
m.;  thence  5  J  m.  to  BeUun^Coed 
(which  see).  To  Penmachno,  10§  «. 
(a  good  Bbition  for  anglers  in  Llyn 
Conway,  3}  m.  S.),  ana  Fentrerodas, 
13J  m.,  by  T^pyfty  Eean  (see  Beftio). 
To  TramfynyM,  5}  m.  8.  and  18  m. 
from  Doigdlm. 

JPfley  (Vorts.).  Stat.,N.E.Bly., 
46i  m.  from  York ;  H  m.  from  BvU  ; 
and  8  m.  by  road,  9  m.  by  rail,  from 
SeaTborougk.  The  distance  from  Lon- 
don (Kinjra-crosB),  irfd  York,  ia  237i  m. 
JntM :  'Crescent  Hotel ;  Mason's  Belle 
Vne,  overlooking  the  bay ;  Foord'a 
Hotel,  Qaeen-s&eet;  Three  Tons; 
Crown;  Ship ;  the  best  lodgings  are 
in  the  Crescent 

A  qoiet  and  pleasant  watering-place, 
overlooking  the  beentifnl  bay  which, 
with  its  broad  sweep  of  hard  sand  (an 
nnbToken  stretch  of  5  m,  for  riding  or 
driving),  is  here  a  great  attraction. 
The  l«thing  is  escelient  Filey  has 
its  Spa,  said  to  be  nsefiil  in  dyspeptic 
cases ;  news-room,  baths,  &o.  Like 
BcarboroL^h,  too,  it  has  its  old  town 
and  new  town,  and  the  tourist  should 
make  a  point  of  walking  throngh  the 
main  street  of  the  former.  The  her- 
ring fisberies  here  are  very  extensive. 
A  deep  ravine  laid  out  with  terraces 
and  plantationB,  and  crossed  by  an 
iron  bridge,  Bcparates  the  town  ftom 
tbe  Ckvreh,  which  ia  worth  a  vidt.  It 
is  for  the  most  part  Trans.  Norm,  and 


E.  By  a  renark^le  arrangement 
of  scats  inside,  the  aisles  are  left 
emp^.  and  there  is  no  central  passi^ 
thiongh  tbe  nave.  Outside,  remark 
the  corbel  table  of  the  parapet.  From 
"~  ~i  ch.  you  may  pass  down  to  the 

ids,  and  thence  to  "  Film  Brig,"  i 


iny  foooids,  oorallinea,  radiata  and 


A  fine  new  Ck.  (St.  John  tbe  Evan- 
lUst)  has  been  built  in  New  Filer 
r  the  aoocanmodation  of  visitors.    It 

is  closed  in  winter. 

FiNCHALB  Abbkt,  Ke  Durham. 

Fdtsbubt  Pabe,  see  Honaey. 

Flsliruard  (Pemb.),  14  m. 
AiDm  Haver/ordmett  (omnibus  3  tiraes 
weekly),  and  17i  m.  from  Cardigan, 
Innt-  'Commercial;  Great  Western : 
the  latter  commands  a  flue  sea  view. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  piotaresaue 
little  towns  on  the  coast.  It  is  divided 
into  2  portions — the  upper  occapying 
the  clisB,  the  lower  constitntiru;  the 
seaport  and  harbour.  Fishguard  Bay 
is  beaatifully  sheltered.  On  1.,  1  m. 
from  the  town,  is  Goodteick,  with  fine 
sands,  good  bathing,  and  in  a  lovely 
and  quiet  situation.  The  line  of  coast 
beyond  fbrtas  SirumWe  Head.  A  very 
pleasant  exoornon  of  II  m.  may  be 
made  to  the  Freedt  mountains  (1751 
fL).  On  the  road  to  Cardan  is 
passed,  7  m.,  Neieport  (TaB.-  Llwynr 
gair  Arms).  The  principal  feature  of 
the  Cattle  there,  which  overlooks  the 
bay,  is  a  very  elegant  13th-cent  tower. 
Tbence  it  is  IDJ  m.  to  Cardigan. 

FLAllBOBor<}B,  see  Bridlington. 

FtiXLHT  Abbkt,  ■"   " 


X'leetWOOd  (Lane,)— Stat.  L. 
&  Y.  Rly.  (In™ :  Royal  H, ;  Crown  H.) 
— is  a  dnU  and  unsucoesefnl  port  and 
baOiiDg-pIace  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Wyre ;  but  it  is  very  quiet,  the  air  is 
very  good,  and  the  views  OTer  the 
Irancaahire  lake  hills  are  interesting. 
A  School  of  Musketry  is  sbitionM 
here.    Steamers  daUy  1o  Belfast. 

Excwrgioni.—iai.B.toRtmaaHall, 
now  a  fomons  School.    The  chapel  con' 
tains  an  elaborate  reiedos  of  alaliaater. 
Beyond,  along   the   ooasf,   ChBehj/i.         j 
N  2  ■* 


FLINT— FOLEESTOXE. 


Gjpin,  and  Sla^ipool  (see).  From  heto 
the  Lake  Distiict  may  be  etMilj' vudted 
by  boat  aaosE  Moreosmbe  Bay  to  Fid. 
(Bee  Barrtne-tn-Fumeii.') 

Flbtobino,  see  Lewa. 

PUnt  (Flintahiie),  191  m.  by  nil 
from  Biuton-eqnate,  and  12j  m.  by  rail 
from  Chester,  alao  Incladed  ia  L.  & 
N.  W.  New  Ciicnkr  N.  Wales  Tour. 
Jwu :  Boyel  Oak ;  Cross  Fojes ;  Ship. 
A  small  town  on  the  eBtaery  of  the 
Dee,  chiefly  important  for  ite  ohemical 
mauufoctniea.  The  CadU  (temp. 
Edw.  I.)  cmsiBta  of  a  square  court 
abutting  on  the  sea,  connected  by  a 
drawbridge  with  the  citadd,  whioh  is 
called  the  Double  Towei.  The  Ol, 
which  is  modem,  has  a  ntonnmeiit, 
executed  at  Borne,  to  Mrs.  Muspratt ; 
stained  glass  windows  in  memorj  of 
the  Bytcra  family,  and  a  clock  in  the 
tower  presented  by  Lord  Hanmer,  for 
a  qonrter  of  a  century  MJP.  for  this 
borough.  A  littlo  to  the  1.  of  the  town  ia 
GormtyUoi  CoUthOl,  Qio  aceua  of  Hen. 
II.'s  (fefeat  by  Owain  Owynedd. 

An  escuraion  may  be  joade  to  Boly- 
«mU,  H  m.,  b;  taking  load  to  I.  aboat 
3  m.  &om  Flint,  and  ascending  a  hill, 
at  top  of  which  is  the  cemetery  of  the 
town  of  Holywell ;  from  the  latter  the 
esonraioQ  may  be  extended  about  2  m. 
to  Batingwerk  Abbeij;  to  NorOtop,  3 
m.,  whence  the  tourist  may  diveq^ 
(1),  3  m,  to  Meld;  (2.)  21  m.  N.W., 
to  Motl-y-gaer  and  Ealiein  Mountain ; 
(3),  abont  3  m.,  to  Etshe  Cattle, 
whence  again  it  is  2  m.  to  Mavxtrdai 
Park  and  Castle  (which  see). 

I>iitotM».— Ehyl,  by  rail,  17  m. 

Fltttoh,  see  Sheford. 

Fltjbbino,  see  FalmotUh. 

Folkestone  (Kent).  Btat., 
South  Eastn.  Bly,  Jnni:  The  **Pavi- 
lionH.,near  the  harbour  (most  com- 
fortable and  charges  reasonable); 
Laadon  and  Fatie  H. ;  Alexandra  H, ; 
Boyal  George  H. ;  West  Cliff  H.,  and 
Bates's  Private  H.,  Upper  SaodgaEe- 

The  town  is  situated  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  rich  plain  which  extenils 
&om  the  entrance  oC  the  Talley  ot 
Giham  to  the  sea,  and  is  protected 
from  the  north  w^ds  by  a  range  of 
high  hills,  among  which  Castle  Hill 


Hill,  are  oonspicuMiB  for  the  boTdDeas  of 
their  outline  (in/nl).  This  position,  and 
the  advant^res  of  the  picturesque  road 
under  die  cISf  to  Sandgate.  recommend 
it  to  those  invalids  who  require  a  mild 
climate  during  the  winter.  The  open- 
ing of  the  railway  in  1814,  and  conae- 
Saeut  improTement  of  its  harbour,  and 
le  establiahment  of  packets  to  Bon- 


Tiew  &om  the  top  of  the  cliff,  and 
the  excellence  of  the  air,  combine  to 
make  it  an  attractive  watering-place. 
The  best  houses  ate  on  the  W.  cliff, 
called  "  the  Lees,"  towards  Saudgate. 

The  chief  relicof  ancient  Folkestone 
is  the  Chareh  (dedicated  to  BS.  Uary 
and  Eanawith),  which  stands  very 
picturesquely  on  the  W.  cliff.  The 
tower  is  placed  between  the  naye  and 
ctiancel ;  this  last  is  K  E.,  with  an 
nnosually  liigh  pitched  roof,  and  is 
very  interesting.  In  1859  the  cb.  was 
restored,  when  the  whole  of  the  bnild- 
ingW.  of  the  tower  was  taken  down 
and  rebuilt 

The  views  from  tiie  pier  extend  to 
Shakeepearo's  Cliff,  B.,  and  aoroas  the 
marshes  to  Fairlight  Down,  above 
Bastings.  W.  The  neighbourhood  of 
Folkestone  abounds  in  interest  &a  the 
geoli^at.  At  Eatt  Wear  Bay,  bqroDd 
(i<mt  Point,  tha  shore  is  rich  in  fossils. 

The  walk  to  Saudgate  (U  ^n.,  and 
3  m.  from  Sythe)  along  the  cliff  com- 
mands noble  sea  views.  The  town  may 
also  be  reached  by  rail,  via  Western- 
hanger  Juno.  It  is  pleasantly  situated 
in  a  valley,  and  a  resort  for  visiton  In 
the  season  fbr  the  sea-bathing  (Jnfu  .■ 
Boy^  Norfolk  H. ;  Boyal  Kent  H. ;  and 
Alexandra  H.).  Shomcliffe  C!amp,  be- 
tween Saudgate  and  Eythe,  is  iror^ 
visiting. 

About  2  m.  N.  of  Folkestone  is  a 
remarkable  series  of  chalk-hills,  called 
the  Backbone  of  Kent,  Sugar  Loaf 
HiBaiidCaitUHiU.  Aroad  has  been 
cut  Into  the  side  of  the  first  hill,  and 
winds  round  to  the  top.  CatUe  Hill, 
or  CiBSar's  Camp,  has  on  its  smnmit 
three  lines  of  entrenchments. 

Cherry  Garden  VaUay,  below  Ctessj'B 
Camp,  1ms  scattered  amongst  ita  aah- 


FORDINGBBIDGE—FRAMLISGHAM. 


trees  some  very  indent  cbenj  and 
ftpple-treefl. 

Ckeriton,  2  m.  W.  of  Folkestone, 
has  an  E.-E.  cb.  of  interwL  Thete  U 
ft  picturesqne  uoade  in  Xbs  chancel. 
The  lea  view  from  the  churchyard  ia 
very  fixto,  and  the  walk  to  Stabnok, 
near  Hytha  (2  m.),  U  a  very  pleaaaat 

Longer  excai^oos  may  be  made  to 
.By(Ae,  5m.  (which  Bee);  toSaingSdd 
Miimit,  H  m.  N.,-  and  to  81.  Sadi- 
gunSt  Abbey,  5  m.  (eee  Dover). 

At  SieinQfield  are  Uie  remains  of  a 
Sh-eeepU/ry  of  the  Enif;btB  of  St.  John, 
nolT  a  farm  called  St.  John,  at  the 
fhrther  end  of  the  minnii  or  common. 
The  principal  lemains,  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  present  house,  are  those  ct  the 

The  Ch.  at  PtuMJetteorth,  5  m.  &om 
Folkeetono,  which  stands  on  a  hill 
650  ft.  above  the  sea,  is  interesting 
and  worth  a  visit 

Foot's  Ckat,  aee  Orayt. 

FoBD,  sea  Fooler. 

FoBD  Abbet,  see  Chard. 

FoBDflAM ,  Bee  Ely. 

FordlniTbrldire  (Hants). 
Stat.  a.W.  Hly ..about  half-way  between 
BaUtbnrgatiiWimbome.  Jnna:  Qrey- 
honnd ;  Crown  (comfortable,  and  very 
moderate).  There  is  excellent  fishing 
in  the  Bni^te  and  Fordiogbrid^ 
waters,  but  it  is  strictly  preaerT«l. 
Permisaion  to  fish  in  the  BTeamore 
watets  may  be  obtained  of  Mr.  Stan- 
ford, Sir  E.  Holse's  agent.  This  ia 
an  ancient  town,  and  olaims  to  bo 
anterior  to  the  Conquest  The  dngle 
object  of  intweat  is  the  Ch^  which  is 
worth  examination,  the  roof  of  the 
N.  channel  especially.  Rodcbome  Ck., 
3  m.  N.,  contains  a  very  beantiAil 
alto-reliero,  by  Gibson,  to  the  memory 
of  the  eon  of  Oen.  Sir  Eyre  Coote. 

FoBBST  Him.  (Oion),  see  Oxford 
(EicnrB.). 

FoBTis  Qbeeh,  see  Honuey. 

FoTHEsraOBAT,  se«  .Oundla  and 
PeUrbonmgh. 

FocNTADiB  Abbet,  see  Sipon. 

FOWBS,  see  Liilceard  and  St.  AiuteB. 


7)  m.  fMm  Wickbau  Slaiket.    7nn; 


Crown  and  Anobor :  gigs  and  borsea 


kept 
This  ic 


ia  a  very  andeot  town,  with  a 
.  deal  of  historical  and  antiqnwlan 
mlereat 

The  existing  remains  of  the  CattU 
date  chiefly  firom  the  time  of  Thomas 
of  Brotherton  (temp.  Bdwd.  I.).  Con- 
siderable cban^  were  made,  however, 
by  the  seoond  Howard  Dnke,  who  £ed 
in  the  castle  in  1524,  and  to  whom 
must  be  assigned  the  Dhimneys  of 
monlded  brioE  the  Ferp.  windows; 
and  the  main  gateway.  The  great 
court  of  the  castle,  entered  by  this 
gateway,  ia  of  irregnUr  form,  sor- 
nanded  by  an  onbroken  wall,  and 
Btndded  at  intervals  with  towers  open 
on  the  interior  side.  These  towers, 
covered  with  ivy,  and  the  deep  moat 
foil  of  trees  and  brushwood,  make  the 
min  very  piotnreeqne,  especially  on 
the  exterior.  There  was  a  sallyport 
or  barbican  on  the  W.,  near  the  main 
entrance,  and  ft  bri<^  and  poatent 
carried  on  pieia  Bcit»a  the  moat  on 
the  E.  The  view  near  this  poetem  is 
very  piotoresqne. 

The  CA.  ia  a  flne  and  very  large 
edifice,  and  contuns  seme  bl^y  in- 
teresting (noninnenes. 

On  a  bill  about  i  m.  firom  the  vil< 
lage  is  the  ABrni  Xmnorial  Middle 
CEoM  CoBege,  a  large  and  pietnitsqne 
building. 

The  Ch.  of  Deimington,  2}  m,  N. 
of  Framlingham,  by  a  pleasant  walk 
acroBS  fields— 3  m.  by  road— ihonld 
on  no  acoonnt  be  left  anTiaited  by  the 
ecclesiologist  The  chancel  and  nave 
are  Dec,,  the  clerestory  of  the  nave, 
porch,  and  aiBles,  Perp. 

In  the  B.  wall  ere  two  piscinas,  one 
of  which  has  very  cnrlous  tracery  and 
eedilia.  wiQi  rich  aneular  spaiidrelB, 
snd  fine  pinnacles.  The  carvings  of 
the  capitals  of  the  nde  shafts  of  Om 
chanoel  windows  are  most  delioats  and 
strikine.  and  tbe  chanoel  arch  is  yery 
fine.  The  open  scats  in  the  nave  are, 
perhaps  with  tbe  exception  of  those  at 
Laxfleld,  the  finest  in  the  coontv,  bnt 
the  best  specimens  of  woodwork  are 
the  pucloae  screens  at  the  end  of  each 
aisle,  witb  the  lofts  above. 

At  Laafidd,  abo^t  41  jn,  N.  of  Den, 


FIiOCE8TEB~FURNESS  ABBEY. 


mjigtuia,  the  Oh.  'a  veiy  good,  and  the 
oarringB  of  the  aaata  finer  even  than 
those  aX  DenniDgtoD. 

At  Parham  (Stat),  Z\  m.  trom  Pram- 
lingbam,  aie  some  lemaina  of  the  old 
hoU  of  the  WiUonghbjB.  These  ore 
apparently  of  the  15th  cent.,  and  Btand 
within  a  de^  moat.  The  gateway,  a 
Tudor  building,  ia  later. 

IManeee. — IpnricA,  22^  m. ;  AlA- 
iorougA,  about  27  m.,  «ia  Baxmtuidbam. 

Fkant,  see  Tua>ridge  WdU. 

FBsaHVATEB,  ses  WigU,  Me  of. 

Fbitton,  see  Lmee^ft 

Frocester  (Olouceet),  Stat., 
Midland  Bly.,  25  min.  hom  Glon- 
oeatet.  IJ  m.  E.  is  Leonard  StaiQe^ 
Ch.,  a  fine  orncifbnn  E.  Nonn.  bidding, 
with  a  moulded  W.  door.  There  are 
Temaius  of  coaTentuol  ohataoter  close 
by.  The  view  from  Frooeiter  HUl  ia 
beautiM,  and  aa  an  oolitic  foasil  loca- 
ilUii clasfao  gronnd  to  the geolo^at. 

FBoaMOBE,  B^  TFindfor. 

BTome (Somerset.)-  Stat,G.W. 
Ely.  imw :  Crown ;  George.  Thia  is 
a  laige  and  popnloui  town,  with 
several  flourishing  mann&ctorios.  The 
staple  mauu&oture  is  that  of  wooUen 
cloth.  The  fine  and  magoificent 
Fariih  Ch.  of  St.  John  the  Baptist 
has  been  restored,  and  ia  part  rebuilt. 
In  approaohisg  &om  the  N.  the  viaitoc 
will  be  strac£  with  the  vigour  firij| 
effectivenesB  of  the  Calvary  ttept, 
SUUiOM  of  the  Cro>$,  a  series 
carvings,  conaisting  of  soenes  from 
oni  Lord's  Pulsion,  which  occupy  the 
steep  asoent  from  the  entruico  of  the 
ohurchyaid  to   the   N.  porch.     The 

finlpit,  the  rich  and  beanbfol  ohancel, 
he  B^  memorial  window,  the  ring- 
ing-floor under  the  tower  on  the  S., 
the  roof  of  the  nave,  and  tho  maoy 
windows  in  the  aiale,  are  worthy  at- 
tention. On  the  outside,  under  the  E, 
wall  of  t,he  chancel,  is  the  singolar  and 
interesting  monument  of  Bishop  Ken. 
The  cfofA-mt'Ek  are  scattered  about 
leighlKmrhood  of  the  town,    Mr. 


eppEod's,  called  .Spring  Gardeta,  is 

!  uugest,  sod  may  be  visited  in  a 

walk  to  Vnllia  Bottom.    Tom  1,  at  the 


bridge,  down  &b  coorae  of  the 
and  a  path  across  small  grassy  fields 
leads  in  t  m.  to  Spring  GEffdens. 


Mr.  Qra|OTy'B 
worth  a  visi^  the  machinery  being 
highly  curious.  The  cards  ore  for 
teazlng  or  "  carding  "  the  wool. 

VaiUt  lies  1  m.  W,  of  SpriiwGar- 
dens,  and  the  same  distance  N^.  of 
Frome,  1.  of  the  rood  to  Badstoke.  It 
is  a  romnntio  little  glen,  with  richly- 
wooded  udes.  A  very  charming  walk 
may  be  taken  np  tho  course  of  the 
litue  stream.  It  divides  at  Elm,  one 
branch  running  N.W.  tram  JMeHi,  an- 
other S.W.  from  the  woods  of  Athwa 
and  ^unney.  Either  route  will  af^nrd 
much  pleasure  to  the  lover  of  the  pitv 
toiesque.  From  Vallis  an  equally 
pretty  walk  may  be  taken  up  another 
branchof  the  stream,  by  TFSaffey,  2  m., 
where  there  is  a  good  ch.,  to  Nunti^, 
where  there  is  another  very  pretty 
dell,  running  in  the  direotioo  of  Bra- 
ton.  Nunney  Caslh  is  B  very  pic- 
turesque ruin.  It  was  founded  temp. 
Edwi  m.  The  walls  are  nearly  per- 
fect, and  present  an  excellent  example 
of  a  fortiScd  house  of  the  period  U 
tranntiou  fnnn  Dec.  to  Perp.,  snr- 
rounded  by  a  moat. 

Marston  Howe  (Earl  of  Ctork),  3  m. 
S.W.,  is  a  stalely  Italian  Btruoture.  con- 
taining  many  good  paintinaB. 

LiilliagUm,  a  secluded  village  2}  m. 
N.,  deservea  notice  for  its  BmalTcharoh, 
which  has  good  transition  work,  be- 
tween Norm,  and  E.  E.  The  most 
curious  part  of  it  is  the  N.  doorwaj. 

LongUai  (Marquis  of  Bath)  is  4  m. 
8.B.  (see  Warmineter). 

FuLBOUBN,  see  Cambridije. 

FumeMS  Abbey  (Lone.)— 
Stat,  Ftlmeas  Ely.  (ifofei  ;••  Abbey, 
olose  to  station  and  tuins)— is  one  of 
our  finest  medieval  examples  of  eccle- 
siastical architecture  (Trans,  Norm,  and 
E  Jl.),  situated  in  the  beautiful  gten,  for- 
merly called  Beckang's  Qill,  or  Valley 
of  Deadly  Nightsha>^  It  was  founded 
by  King  Stephen  and  Queett  Maud, 
whose  effigies  are  still  on  each  aide  of 
the  great  E.  window.  The  Ch.  was 
cruciform.  The  N.  transept  (129  ft. 
by  28  ft.)  has  fine  M".  window,  with 
arch  perfect,  and  an  E.-Norm.  (hjor  be- 
"ow.  On  1.  are  tombs  of  abbots.  Both 
!f.  and  S.  transepts  have  chapels 
ittadie4  to  them,    rfhe  body  of  tha 


GAINSBOROUGH— GILLINGHAM. 


183 


oboich  is  301  ft.  Icmg,  and  taaa  the 

oantre  rose  the  tower,  3  of  the  piUura 
of  whicb  and  the  B.  aroh  remain. 
The  arch  of  the  E.  window  ia  hroken ; 
bat  the  sedilia  b;  the  high  altar  are 
Htill  there,  and  ate  BUppmied  to  have 
been  richly  gilt.  In  the  choir  are 
effigies  of  hnishts  (Hen.  ILL  or 
Edwd.  L).  6outh  of  the  chaooel  ia  the 
CIuii)ter-hou»e  (60  ft.  by  4S  ft),  which 
has  traces  of  tlie  pillars  which  sup- 
ported its  12  ribbed  arches.  Above  it 
were  the  library  and  scriptorium;  and 
beyond  it  were  the  lefeclory,  the  loou- 
torium,  oalefiictoriuui,  and  laTatorium, 
which  opened  into  the  garden.  With- 
in the  area  of  the  abbey-wall  (85 
acres)  were  bakeries,  malt-kilns,  gi»ri- 
aries,  and  fish-ponds.  The  abbey  was 
one  of  the  rioheat  in  the  kingdom ; 
and  in  Edward  I.'s  reign  its  income 
was  18,0001.  a  je^.  The  hotel  was 
the  abbofs  residence,  and  has  some 
good  b<u-Ttli^i.  2  m.  E.  is  Oleatlon 
OatUii  (see  UlverOon).  There  are 
frequent  trains  to  Samne,  2  m.; 
Ulventon,  7}  m. ;  BToaghton,  lOJ  m. ; 
OonUton,  19  m.;  Witdermtre,  18  m. 
Holders  of  Circular  Tonr  tickets  issued 
by  the  Fumesa  Railway  Company  are 
aUowed  snScient  tins  to  visit  the 
mins,  or  may  break  their  journey  here. 

Gad's  Hill,  see  Boche^. 

Gadhyibd,  see  DarUngton, 

Ctalngborouirn  (Linooln,)— 
Stats.,  0.  N.  and  Mod.  Sheff.  &  Line. 
Blys.,  18  m.  N.W.  fiom  Ltuooh^  and 
35  m.  B.W.  from  Hull.  Steamers  run 
daily  to  Hull.  (Inn :  White  HartV- is 
situated  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the 
liver  Trent,  which  is  here  crossed  by 
a  handsome  stone  bridge,  and  is  stiU 
a  river  port  of  some  importance. 

The  "  Eagre,"  a  tidal  wave  from  the 
mouth  of  tbe  Trent,  rises  to  the  height 
of  several  feet  at  sprii^  tides,  and  a 
few  miles  below  the  town  has  a  &ne 
Mipearanae  when  rolling  up  the  river. 
The  Ck.  (All  Saints),  erected  about 
1209,  has  a  pinnacled  tower  90  a. 
hfeh. 

Part  of  the  OU  H'oU  or  Manor  Home, 
in  the  aJioient  stylo  of  doroBstic  archi- 
tecture, is  said  to  have  been  built  by 
John  of  Graunt.  It  is  principally  coii- 
atnicted  of  oak  timber  fiami^,  but  on 


the  N.  side  is  a  beantifnlly  pointed 
stone  stmcture,  probably  originally  in- 
tended as  a  chapel.  There  is  a  briok 
tower  at  the  N.W.  end,  80ft  high, 
commanding  extenave  views.  A  por- 
tion of  the  building  has  been  converted 
into  a  Com  Eicbange,  Assembly 
Bocan^  and  Mechanics' Institute.  In 
the  Ch.  at  Lea,  21  m.  S.E.,  is  an  effigy 
temp.  Edw.  t.  At  Knailh,  1  m.  fur- 
ther S.,  the  Ch.  is  the  remnant  of 
Heyning's  Priory,  and  has  a  window 
richly  ornamented  with  tracery.  Ep- 
leorlh,  12  m.  N.W,,  pleasantly  situated 
in  centre  of  Isle  of  Axholme,  was 
the  birthplace  of  John  Wesley,  whose 
fatlier  was  Beotor. 

CtarsUkng-  (Lane.)— Stat,  L.  tc 
N.  W.  Rly,  (inni .-  Eagle  and  ChUd ; 
Boyal  Oak>—is  a  qniet  little  town, 
nearly  2  m.  from  station,  on  rt.  bank 
of  river  Wyre,  which  is  crossed  by 
a  handsome  bridge  and  Aqueduct 
for  the  caiial.  The  CA.  is  1  j  m.  S. 
of  the  town,  and  has  carved  oak 
stalls  and  a  screen  and  monuments 
to  tbe  Butlers  of  Eirkhmd.  <M 
haute) :  Nateby  HaU  and  Boaert,  both 
fitnn-houies,  1}  m.  N.W.  The  latter 
contains  a  curious  "  priest-hole."  The 
ruins  of  Greenhaigh  CaiOe,  besieged 
and  demolished  during  the  Civil  War, 
are  between  the  town  and  the  railway. 
In  the  river  is  good  trout  and  chnb 
Miing.  The  widks  to  N.  and  K  o( 
the  town  afford  interesting  views  of 
the  Lancashire  Fells.  Winmarteigh 
is  the  modem  seat  of  Lord  W.  (Wilson 
Patten). 

Gaieshsad  (Durham),  see  NlW- 
oastle-on-Tyne. 

Qaiton,  see  Beigate. 

Gbddinotoh,  see  Kettering. 

OzDRAs's  Bat,  see  St.  AuileU. 

Cterrard'M  CroMM  (Bucks.), 
5  m.  from  Vxbridge,  and  9  m.  from 
High  Wycombe.  Inn:  Boll,  a  neat 
litue  hostel,  snited  for  touiists,  close 
to  Dnhe  of  Somerset's  seat. 

GsLEisB,  see  Jlfor«ton  Hampttead. 

GraoLHWioE,  see  S^tle. 

GiGo's  Hd-L,  see  iKKen. 

CllUng-bum  (Dorset.1  Stat., 
S.  W.  Bly..  about  midway  between 
Salisbury  and  Yeovil.  Inn* :  Phisnlx ; 
Bailway  Inn,     The  parish  is  of  im- 


ISl 


GILLINGHAM—GILSLAND. 


meme  size,  41  m.  in  circuit,  and  oon- 
tuniDg  61,000  acrea.  Three  rivers 
unite  a  little  below  the  town,  and 
(tfibrd  some  good  tront  fishing.  The 
town  was  once  of  considerable  impor- 
tanoe.  The  Wilan,  at  wbich  Edward 
the  Confessor  waa  nccepted  as  King  of 
England,  was  held  here  1042;  and 
}  m.  S.E.  of  the  Cfa.  stood  a  hnntiag- 
lodge  of  our  early  kings. 

4  m,  N,  stands  the  little  market- 
town  of  3fere  ( JnM ;  Ship ;  George), 
on  the  borders  of  Wilt*.  Dorset,  and 
Sometset,  in  a  wild  and  bleak  down 
cooatrr,  with  wide  views  all  roand. 
The  Ch.,  chiefly  Perp.,  ia  one  of  the 
heht  in  a  WilU.  It  has  a  statelj 
tower  with  lofty  pinnacles,  and  within, 
a  richly  carred  oaken  ceiling,  good 
rood-acreen,  stalls,  and  parclnses.  The 
MaTket-hoate  is  of  some  antiquity.  To 
the  N.W.  is  the  monnd  of  tiie  csatle, 
built  1253  by  Kioh.  E.  of  Cornwall. 
To  the  8.W.,  near  the  town,  la  Mere 
Park,  and  1  m.  S.  Woo^andt,  where 
the  remains  of  the  ISth-cent  tnansioa 
of  tlia  Doddingtons  deserves  a  visit. 

2  m.  N.W.  of  Mere,  on  a  preclpitoua 
hill,  u  Whiteeheet  Camp,  considered 
by  Hoare  aa  a  British  work,  further 
strengthened  by  the  Saxons. 

3  w.  W.  is  Slourh^ad,  the  beautiful 
seat  of  Sir  Henry  Ainsley  Hoare,  Bart. 
It  ia  well  known  for  a  fine  collection  of 
pictures,  bnt  mote  celebrated  for  the 
extreme  beanty  and  decoration  of  its 
park  and  grounda.  The  house  is  shown 
on  Fridays,  and  the  grounds  at  all 
times.  Slonrhead  is  entered  by  an 
embattled  gatehouse,  flanked  by  round 
towers  and  beautiMly  ivied.  A  Tieitor 
to  the  PUtuure  GroanAt,  after  passing 
the  gatehouse,  desoends  between  banks 
of  tarf  and  hedges  of  laurel  to  the 
hamlet  of  SUnirttm,  a  group  of  pretty 
cottages,  ancient  charc^h,  nud  Jnn,  en- 
auonoed  in  a  little  dell  beneath  ini- 

e tiding  woods.  Opposite  the  obnrch 
the  eutiftnce  to  the  pleasure-groundH, 
where  the  ntleutiau  of  the  visiter  will 
be  directed  to  a  beautiful  ornament, 
the  High  Ctom  of  Brielol,  erected 
tttat  city  about  1373,  as  a  mark  of  gra- 
titnde  to  Edward  m.  It  ia  an  riabu- 
rate  pieca  of  stonework,  deoorated  with 
the  stetqes  of  8  o(  our  monarobs.     ' 


was  re-erected  where  it  now  stands  in 
1733.  On  the  level  of  the  lake  will 
be  pointed  ont  the  Temple  of  ffte 
Musei,  Paradiie  WeU,  and  an  old  /oBt 
removed  from  the  chnKb.  Fiuiher 
on  a  view  opens  on  the  rt.  np  Six 
Wdlg  Bottom  to  St.  Petet't  Pump,  an- 
other relio  tnaa  Bristel,  covering  the 
six  sources  of  the  Stour.  The  path 
next  croases  an  arm  of  Ihe  lake,  and 
winding  past  the  Baan  Houte,  dives 
into  the  Grotlo.  A  view  now  opens  of 
the  portico  of  the  Paalhtoa,  a  copy  of 
the  famous  temple  at  Bome,  occupying 
a  cburming  site.  Contiuning  his  course 
the  visiter  will  reach  the  Teazle  of 
die  Smi,  designed  after  that  at  Baalbec, 
commanding  a  bird's-eye  view  of  lake 
and  garden.  Alfred's  Tower,  not  the 
least  of  the  curiosttieB  at  Slouthcad, 
occupies  a  magni£cent  point  of  view 
called  KingseUU,  a  lofty  hill  800  ft. 
above  the  sea,  which  every  visitor 
should  ascend.    Get  key  at  tlie  adjoin- 

GiLLiKQHAK  (Kent),  see  Chatham. 

C;illow-]Iea(ll(St]^),  Stat 
N.  Slalf.  Ely.  Jnn:  Talbot  Arms.  On 
the  hill  above  the  station  is  Biddvlph 
Grange,  the  beautiful  seat  of  James 
Bateman,  Esq.  The  Gardeni  are  ex- 
tensive and  snpecb.  Open  free  on  the 
firat  Monday  in  Jnne,  July,  Ang.  and 
Sept.,  and  by  tickets,  price  5s.,  to  be 
obtained  at  the  Inn,  to  admit  five 
people,  every  I'riday  in  the  year.  The 
principal  parts  are  the  Orangery,  Ca- 
mellia and  Rhododendron  House,  the 
Cheny  Orchard,  the  Dahlia  walk,  ttie 
Egyptian  Court,  the  Pinetum,  the 
Bavme,  the  Arboretum,  the  Welling- 
tonia  Avenue,  the  Chinese  Gaidens 
and  the  "  Stnmpery."  MddnljA  Sail 
is  a  flne  old  Elizabethan  ruin,  bo- 
sieged  and  destroyed  by  the  Parlia- 
mentary forces  nnder  Sir  Wm.  Brereten 
in  IS*.*!,  The  Ch.  contains  some 
beautiful  stained  glass  fimu  Belgiam, 
and  an  altar-tomb  to  the  Bowyers. 

dllsland  <Cumb.)— Stet.  N.  £. 
Rly. — 16  m.  from  Carlisle.  Omnibus 
meets  the  trains  for  Gi'bland  Spa 
(large  Hotel),  in  the  rooky  valley  of 
the  Irthing,  much  resorted  to  for 
ite  medicinal  waters  (snli^uiTio  and 
c)ia1ybeate  springs),    inn.-  Gelderd'^ 


GLAS^S—GLASTONBUItT. 


ShitVs  Hotel.  Here  5ii  W.  Soott 
first  met  Charlotte  Carpenter,  who 
fifterwanla  became  Mi  wife.  GilBlasd 
is  also  the  scene  of  a  portioa  of  '  Gny 
MaDaeriug.'  Near  here  a  "  Mumps 
Ha*,"  or  Beggars'  Hall,  the  hause 
irhere  Dandie  Dimnont  is  represented 
(in  'On;  Uanneiing')  as  telling  the 
nevB  of  Ellangowan's  death  to  Ueg 
Uerriliea. 

OiBBnBNK,  see  Settle, 

GhAiSDU-B  End,  see  WhiAy. 

CMajSHOn  (Lane.),  21  m.  from 
Oaigate—HiaX.  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.— ia  the 
port  of  Lancaster,  sitnated  at  the  erta- 
ary  of  the  Lune,  where  it  begioB  to 
narrow,  aod  near  the  moatli  of  the 
Oonder.  VeBsels  of  400  tons  can 
enter  tlie  docks.  2  m.  S.  are  the  re. 
mains  of  Cocheriand  Jbbey,  congistinK 
of  the  octagonal  chapter  houae,  naed 
aa  the  bajial-place  of  the  Daltona. 
Overtoa  Ch.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
estuary  qtpoaite  Glasson,  has  a  Norm. 
door  with  zigz^  monldiugs.  Aihtoa 
HtUl  (N.  Le  G.  Statkie,  Esq.)  is  bean- 
tifhlly  dtnated  to  W.  of  station. 

Crlnstonbury  (  Somerset, ). 
Slat.  Somerset  &  Dorset.  Bly,,  where 
it  joins  the  line  from  Wells.  Jnni  ; 
George  (potC^ ;  Ked  Lion.  The  chief 
interest  of  this.iown,  the  ancient  "lale 
of  Av^ou,"  arises  from  its  celebrated 
Abbey,  one  of  the  earliest  centres  of 
ChriBtianitr  in  England.  The  en- 
bttDoe  to  tbe  Abbey  mius  is  on  the  rt 
of  the  diief  street,  onder  the  new 
Assembly  Booms,  through  a  garden. 
Admigmon,  Sd.  Of  the  vast  church 
(originally  594  ft.  in  length)  and  its 
appended  buildings,  the  remnants  are 
■canty.  Of  the  latter  we  have  only 
the  Abbotts  kitchen,  and  a  small  frag- 
ment adjoining,  and  a  gateway,  now 
converted  into  the  JUd  Lion  Inn.  Of 
the  ch.  we  have  the  two  B.  tower 
[Hers,  with  one  of  the  N.  transeptal 
ohapels,  nearly  the  whole  of  the  8.  wall 
of  the  choir  aisle,  some  bays  of  the 
B.  naTe  aisle,  and  the  so  called  8t, 
Joseph's  Chapal.  The  work  is  of  the 
Tery  highest  type,  and  the  ohnrch.  both 
in  size  and  architectural  exceUence, 
-was  tm  a  level  with  om:  fiiBt-olasa 
cathedmls.  The  best  preserved  and 
iqost  interesting  portion  of  tlte  rqins 


of  decoration  Sorid,  and  the  w 

ship  admirable.  Notice  the  insorip- 
tion,  in  Baiou  chsraotera,  on  B.  wall, 
"Jesus  Maria."  Of  the.  Abbey  build- 
ings within  the  precinct  walls  tbe 
only  one  standing  is  the  maguifloent 
Atiofi  Kiti^n,  33^  ft.  square  within 
the  walls,  and  72  ft.  high  to  the  top 
of  the  lantern,  now  stan^ne  alone  UM 
entered  by  a  gate  in  Bfagdalene-Btteet. 
(The  key  is  kept  in  the  house  oppo- 

Abboei  Barn,  of  the  14th  cent, 
at  the  top  of  Chinkwell-street,  is  per- 
haps the  finest  and  most  rlehly  orna- 
mented of  the  monastio  giananea  still 
remaining. 

Tbe  Entrance  Oaleieay  for  the  laity 
and  guests  is  mailed  in  the  Bed  Lion 
Inn,  in  BLigdalene-street.  The  great 
gate  is  hidden  by  a  modem  house ; 
but  the  vaulted  entrance  for  foot 
passengers  is  still  aooessible.  Passing 
throngh  tbe  inn,  in  fhe  yard  at  the 
back,  there  is  a  small  AlmAouie  fi» 
women,  with  a  chapel,  founded  by 
Abbot  Beere.  The  George  Inn  in 
High-street,  the  old  pilgrim's  hostelry, 
temp.  Edw^  IV..  "  is  tbe  best  pieco 
of  domestic  work  in  Glastonbury.  The 
front  is  one  splendid  mass  of  panelling, 
pietoed,  where  necessary,  for  windows. 

The  centre  is  o ''  '—  -  * 

tred  gateway, 

to  1,  rising  tlie  whole  height  of  the 


A  very  rich  small  timber  fmn^  in 
Northlode-fltreet.  I.  side,  and  the.JInu- 
AouM  and  Chapel  of  St.  Mary  Magda- 
lene, in  the  B^eet  of  the  same  name, 
should  be  seen  by  the  tourist  Glas- 
tonbu-f  has  two  churches.  The  prin- 
cipal is  fie.  John  Oie  Baptief,  Uie 
tower  of  which  is  considered  by  Hr. 
Freeman  as  the  ttiird  finest  in  Bomer- 
setabire.  It  liees  to  a  height  <^  140 
ft.  in  3  storeys,  and  is  richly  adorned 
with  canopied  niches,  and  crowned 
with  an  open  work  parapet  and  ei^ht 
slender  plnoaoles,    The  ch,  is  »  flno 


186 


OLOUCE8TEB. 


example  of  Sometsetohite  Feipend!- 

Sl.  Benedii£t,  ia  the  street  of  the 
same  name,  is  smeJler  and  plainer; 
but  the  tower  poaeeses  mncb  djgnit;. 

The  touriflt  should  visit  WirraU  and 
the  Tor  hills  ;  if  he  has  time  for  only 
one,  chooaioK  the  latter. 

The  Tor  HiU  (fbUow  the  Shepfon 
Mallet  road,  and  turn  off  up  the  bill  1, 
at  the  Tor  Hill  Inn)  is  500  fl,  above 
the  Bsa.  It  is  crowned  by  a,  beaatiful 
tower,  all  that  is  left  oF  a,  pilgrimage 
Chapel  of  8t.  Miahad.  The  view  from 
the  top  is  very  extensive.  You  may 
deeoend  on  the  NJL  side,  visiting 
Budu!!/  Cooiabe  on  your  way  back  to 
the  town,  which  you  will  r«-*ijter  by 
Chiukwell-Bireet, 

-S*orpAom  Park.  2  m.  8.W.,  tho 
oountry  residence  of  the  old  Abbots, 
is  worui  visiting.  The  remains  of  the 
mansion  are  now  used  as  a,  tarm'house. 

A.  brief  and  interesting  'Historio 
Guide  to  Olaetonbury,'  by  the  Bev.  J. 
Williamson,  may  bo  purchased  (price 
]«.)  in  the  town. 

WelU,  6  m.  N.E. ;  WoolcBy  (see 
WelW) ;  and  Cheddar,  may  be  visited 
from  Glastonbury. 

Glehbioh,  see  Fumeu  Aibey  and 
Ulvertlan. 

Glen,  see  Wigilon. 

Globsof,  eee  Sheffield. 

ClouceMter  (Qlouceetih.}  — 
Btata.  G,  W.  Ely.  June,  with  8.  Wales 
and  Herefivd  Unee,  and  Midi.  Bly. 
(Jnnt:  "BeU;  Ram;  in  tho  oityl; 
Spread  Eagle,  near  the  station) — situ- 
ated in  a  fertile  plain  on  the  1.  bank  of 
the  Severn — is  the  ancient  Glerum  of 
the  Bomans  and  ttieoounty  town,  and 
a  bishop'B  see,  with  a  Mston  dating 
from  the  Saxon  era.  The  Cathedral 
(still  in  pnwTess  of  restoration)  ia  a 
snperb  building,  a  Norm.  body,  al- 
tered by  repairs.  The  Nave  is  massive 
Norm,,  the  piers  supporting  an  E.-E. 
roof  (1212).  The  font  in  it  (erected 
1878)  ie  design  of  late  Sir  G.  Scolt 
The  BDuth  Poreh  (1122)  is  Perp. 
with  fan-tmoery  roof.  The  W.  win- 
dow is  Perp.  and  filled  with  stained 
glass  in  memory  of  Bp.  Monk.  The 
8.  transept  is  Tians.  Dec.  and  the 
N.  transept  is  Perp.     The  vaulting 


flying  arcbee  between   tba 

nave  and  choir,  wonderful  examples 
of  constnictiTo  skill.     The  beautiful 


Is  carried  under  l^e  E.  window  in  a 
curve,  forming  the  Whiipeiing  Gallery. 
Notice  the  bcantifiilly  carved  stalla  of 
rich  tabeniaole  work  in  oak,  14th  cent 
The  finely  sculptured  reredos  is  the 
gift  of  the  Freemasons  of  the  Provinoe. 
The  E.  window  ia  the  second  tai^est 
in  England  (1345-50),  Notice  "the 
simplicity  of  the  compositinn,  the 
larKeness  of  its  parts,  and  the  breadth 
of  lis  oolonring" — Wimt/nt.  Beyond 
the  choir  is  a  cross  Lady  Chapel  (1498), 
divided  into  four  compattmonta.  The 
ancient  reredos  is  a  gorgeous  specimen 
of  decorative  painting.  The  foUovrinK 
are  the  most  notable  Jlfonuni«nt< .'  (a) 
In  the  N.  choir  aisle,  to  King  Oaric, 
founder  of  the  churoh,  circ.  681,  and, 
close  to  it,  the  shrine  of  King  Edward 
II.,  murdered  at  Berkeley  Castle — sur- 
mounted by  a  canopy — a  splendid  ex- 
ample of  Dec  tabernacle  work— the 
whole  well  worth  careful  inspection. 
(b)  On  the  step  of  the  alt&r  is  moun- 
ment  of  Hobert  Curthoae,  eldest  eon  of 
the  Conqueror,  with  effigy  in  coloured 
Irish  oak,  one  of  the  oldest  specimens  in 
wood,  (c)  In  8.  aisle,  Sir  J.  Brugge, 
an  Agineourt  hero  (IStb  cent.),  (d) 
Aid.  Blaokleech  and  wife.  1639,  by 
Fandli.  (e)  Bp.  Warborton,  1779. 
(/)  Sir  John  Guise,  d.  1794.  (g)  Bpe, 
Benson  and  Goldesborough.  (A)  ^s- 
relief  to  Mra.  Morley,  by  Flaictaaa. 
(£)  To  Dr.  Jenner,  by  Sievier.  N.  of 
the  nave  are  the  CloUlen,  remarkable 
for  the  earliest  example  of  fan  tracery. 
On  S.  side  see  the  Caroh,  wliere  the 
monks  pursued  tbeir  studies.  On  the 
N.  side  of  the  8.  transept  is  the  beanti- 
liilly  decorated  Chapel  of  St.  Andretn, 
restored  by  Thomas  Marling,  Esq.,  in 
memory  of  his  wife  (d.  1S68).  The 
matchless  altar-screen  in  81.  PauTi 
Chapel,  in  N.  transept,  was  restwed 
at  expense  of  Earl  of  Ellenborongb. 
The  CftapUr-houie  is  Nonu.  In  the 
Librars  is  the  most  perfect  known 
copy  of  a  Coverdale  Bible ;  also  some 
leaves  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  M8-i  lOtb 


GLOVCESTER—ONOSALL. 


cent  The  Nona,  ctypt,  I0S5,  la 
tered  from  tha  B,  tnmeept  The  best 
view  of  the  Cathedral  can  be  obUined 
troia  the  College  Oreen  and  lawn, 
open  to  the  pvWe  round  the  B.  end. 
The  noble  toaer  mu  built  b;  Abbot 
Beabrook  (15th  cent.).  8t.  Xar^i- 
njoare,  just  ODtaide  the  Abbey  gate, 
vas  the  scene  of  Bp.  Hoopers  roar- 
^dom,  marked  by  a  Gothic  cross  and 
lua  statue.  SI.  Mary  Le  Crypt  Ch, 
(testoied)  ia  Perp.  and  cmciform  with 
Norm.  W.  door.  "  The  Chancel  is  a 
model  of  elegance,  and  the  way  in 
vbioh  the  clerestory  -wbIIb  are  sup- 
ported, truly  wond^aL"  There  are 
richly  carved  sadilia  with  fresooea  on 
the  back.  St.  Mary  de  Lade  Ch. 
(Norm.)  oconpies  the  site  of  a  Bomao 
temple  need  as  the  first  Chiietiaa 
church  in  Briton,  where  LociuB,  the 
first  BritiBh  king,  was  buried;  see 
onriouB  Norm,  wooden  pulpit.  St. 
Nichalae  Ch.,  E.  Norm.  See  carious 
handle  on  N.V.  door,  represeuting  a 
fiend  bearing  the  soul  of  a  witch  to  the 
infernal  regians.  The  other  buildings 
are  the  GutldhaU  at  the  Croes;  the  Bluf 
mat  So*pitai  in  East  Gate-sti«et :  the 
JUusemn  and  School  of  Art  and  Science 
in  Bmnawiok-road ;  the  Nea  Inn  in 
North  Gftte-Btreet,  an  old  house  for 
pilgrims,  built  of  cheetnnt  wood.  Under 
the  Fleece  Inn  is  a  C^pt,  now  a  ware- 
house. Tliere  are  mineral  waters  in 
the  flpa  Oroundg,  now  a  public  park. 
Near  the  docks  are  scanrt  temains  of 
LlanOiony  Priory,  on  ofiidiaot  of  the 
better  known  Abbey  iu  Momnouth- 
ahire,  oonaiBting  of  gateway,  walls  of 
the  abbey  farm,  and  aome  domestic 
buildings.  Gloiioester  has  a  large 
trade  in  corn,  its  docks  being  con- 
nected with  the  Severn  near  its 
eatnary  by  the  Btrheley  Canal,  16i  m. 
long.  Sslmon  and  lampreys  ara  also 
qteciaUties. 

ExeuTtiom. — (a)  About  S  m.  to 
Birdlip,  through  Oplon  SI.  Leonard*, 
3  m.  {Ch.  Norm,  details,  fine  monu- 
ments to  the  Snell  Wiily).  6  m, 
Priaknaeh  (Bt  John  Aofeere,  Esq.),  an 
old  ISth-cent.  house,  amidst  charming 
-woods  and  commanding  lovely  views. 
It  was  once  the  Abbot  of  Gloucester's 
Tesidenc9,    From  tboncc  explore  the 


Oranham 

Tnm:  Black  Hors-. „,„ 

the  plain  of 
Oloncester,  the  channel,  and  S.  Welsh 
hills,  and  a  resort  [or  invalids.  Notice 
the  Ermine-street  (Boman  road)  run- 
ning for  6  m.  straight  as  a  liae.  "Hke 
oicundon  may  be  eitended  lo  Chelten- 
ham, 6  m.,  passing  Leokbamptou  hill, 
interesting  to  the  geologist  The 
DeviTs  Chimney,  a  curious  isolated 
pinnacle  of  the  rook,  is  a  &vourite 
resort  of  pedestrians :  or  a  return  to 
Oloncester  by  Whitcombe  Park  (Lady 
Cromie),  where  are  remains  of  a  Koman 
vUla.  Open  to  visitors.  The  oolite 
quarries  at  Birdlip  and  CrickleyHill 
are  full  of  fossils.  (6)  2  m.  W,  to 
Higfmam  Court  (T.  Gambler  Parry, 
Hisq.),  oontftining  rich  collections  of  ar- 
ticles of  vertu ;  the  gardens  and  pine- 
tum  are  very  fine.  The  Ch.  (JSSl) 
is  richly  decorated  with  stained  glass 
and  freieo  painiingt  on  tlie  chtuicel 
walls,  buitistery  and  roof,  of  life  size, 
by  J/b.  Gambier  Parry. 

NeiBint,  S  m.  &om  Gloucester  Stat. 
G.W.  Bly.  and  Midi.  Ely,,  or  6  m.  from 
Mitoheldean  Btat.  G.  &  Hereford  line. 
Inn:  George.  The  Ch.  has  lofty  qrire 
153  fl.  The  roof  is  fastened  by  screws 
without  pillars,  like  the  Tlieatre  at 
Oxford.  ifonuRients  to  the  Foleys  and 
GrandiBons. 

Longhope  (Stnt  O.  W.  Bly.,' about 
midway  between  Olo.  &  Boss)  ia  the 
beat  point  to  ascend  Yarlladon  or  May 
Bill,  973  ft.,  oommanding  a  pano- 
ramio  view  of  enonooua  extent.  It 
ia  of  interest  to  geologists  on  account 
of  its  zone  of  Penlamerou»  sandstones. 

Gltdebs  Vawb  ahd  Vaoh,  see  G^t 

Olth  Cbibioo,  see  lAaimfrU. 

ttnosall  (Staff.).  Stat  L.  &  N. 
W.  Bly.  (Shtops.  Union).  The  Oh. 
has  a  monument  of  biiiriit  in  annonr. 
31  m.  N.  is  Norimry  Ch.,  contajniug 
effigies  of  a  knight  and  two  ladies 
(14th  cent.),  also  some  brasses  and 
sediUa.  A  little  to  N.E.  is  Sanioa 
Abbai  (E.  of  Lichfield),  the  tower  and 
fine  Perp.  window  being  poxtionsof  the 
old  Abbey  (temp.  Hen.  I.),  and  a  little 
lo  the  S.E.  is  the  beautiful  sheet  of 
water,  A^ttalate  Mere, 


GOOLE—GRANTBAM. 


(Eio 


^)-„ 


Qon'i  Oak,  see  ChahmU. 

Goldbr's  Gbebh,  see  Hatdon, 

OOLOIKO,  see  Hinckley. 

GkiLDiNQ'TOB.  see  Bedford. 

GoHSBALL,  see  Dorking. 

GOODBIOB  CAtTLB,  Bse  Wye. 

GoonwicE,  see  Fuhgvard. 

Goodwin  Sands,  see  Ihal. 

GoovwooD,  Bee  ChicheUer. 

doole  (Yorkfl.),  Stat  G.  N.  Elj., 
)  hr.  b;  rail  from  Donceater:  also 
braneli  line  to  Knottiligiey  (Laoo. 
A  YorkB.  Blj.).  Inn:  Lowther  H. 
A  port  sad  town  of  iDcieaaiag  import- 
ance, situated  a  litUe  above  the  point 
where  the  Quae  aod  Trent  unite  (o 
form  the  Hwnber.  Steamere  daily  to 
Hull  (2  hrs.) ;  also  twice  a  week  to 
Botteidam ;  and  once  a  week  to  S^try. 
Great  quaatitieH  of  fruit  atid  vegetableB 
are  imported  here  ttora  Antwerp  and 
Botteraam.  whilst  the  chief  exports  nre 
iron  and  cloth,  and  Yorksbire  bnildijig 
atone.  There  are  two  capaciona  docka 
and  a  pier. 

GoBDAiE,  see  Skiplon. 

OOHHAHBCSY,  BCe  SU  Alb(m>. 

GoBrao  (Berks.),  aee  T>uime§  Tour. 

GoBLESTON,  aee  Loinetlofi. 

GoBMiBE,  aee  I*ir«fc. 

GoBPHwref  A,  see  Capel  Curig. 
f  GoBBAH,  see  St.  Amtell. 

GosFOHTH,  aee  Ketuitek. 

QocDHWBST,  see  Cranbnxili, 

GowEB,  aee  Bwaniea. 

Gorr  Bbidoe.  see  WhdIeuAiTidae. 

Graob  DtRD  Manob,  see  AMty-tMoi- 
ZomA. 

Gbad^  see  EdaUm. 

Grun,  Is1«  of,  aee  Skeerneti. 

GBAXPomoi,  see  8L  AudM. 

Crranre  (Laocaahire).  Stat. 
Fninen  HI;.  Innt:  "Granve,  oloae 
to  statjon ;  Orown.  Two  coaches  a  dav 
to  Newby  Bridge,  S  m.,  to  meet 
■teameia  on  Windermere.  A  most  de- 
lightful and  healthy  aituation  on  the 
shores  of  Morecambe,  at  the  foot  of  (a) 
YewioiTtHB,  whioh  should  be  ascended 
for  the  view,  m  also  (b)  Hemj>tfeU, 
S  m,  N.,  on  the  aommit  Of  which  ia  the 
Hoytice,  erected  for  shelter  of  viaitora. 
"  <B)  To  CaHmel,  21  m. 


N.W.  Inn:  CaTeudisb  Arms.  A 
naint  old  town,  with  a  Tery  fine  Priory 
'A.,  the  only  oonventual  huilding  in 
I^noa^iiie  that  escaped  mntilatlon 
after  the  dissolution  of  the  tnonaa- 
teries.  It  ia  cruciform,  and  of  every 
mixture  of  atyle,  with  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  tower  placed  diagonally 
apon  the  lower.  Notice  in  the  interior, 
which  is  E.-E.,the  N,E.  window, 40fL 
liigb,  with  some  very  old  glass;  the 
two  Norm,  doorways,  the  oak  screen, 
and  the  grotesque  carvingi  of  the  oak 
stalls.  The  two  chapels  «re  called 
the  Pypecand  the  Town  Ohoir.  Monu- 
ments : — (a)  Altar-toBib  of  William  de 
Walton,  first  Prior.  (b)  Splendid 
monnment  to  Sir  J.  H^ngton  and 
his  wife  (130S).  Observe  the  fretwork 
Rich,  and  the  acriptnral  representationa 
of  the  upper  portion  of  the  tomb.  See 
also  in  vestry  rare  specimens  of  early 
typography,  (d)  To  Holme  Iiland, 
''  ~~  connected  with  the  mainland  by 
DSeway,  and  made  into  a  very 
pretty  residence  by  J.  Brogden,  E^. 
(e)  To  iJutnjjftrey  Head,  i  m.,  where 
there  is  a  fine  view,  and  a  mineral 
spring,  the  Holy  Well.  (J)  Levtnt 
HaU  (Hon.  Mrs.  Howard),  atnated  on 
R  aide  of  river  Kent.  The  gardens 
were  laid  out  by  Beanmont,  who  de- 
signed Eampton  Court  Gardeua.  In 
the  mansion  are  aome  fine  oak  oarvinga, 
tapestry,  and  portraits.  It  may  be  also 
conveniently  visited  from  Kendal,  (g) 
BoUcer  BaU,  1  m.  N.  of  Cork  and 
Carimel  Stat.  FaroBss  BIy.,  a  beauU- 
fnl  seat  of  the  Dnke  of  Devimshire. 


ofdlection  of  pictures  and  library,  a 
of  which  were  destroyed  by  a  fire  in 
March,  ISTl.  The  fishing  villages 
off  the  Cartmel  coast  are  very 
primitive,  and  do  a  large  tiade    in 

Gbantchestrb,  see  Canibridge. 

Crrantliaiii  (Llnoolnshirel. 
Btat  on  the  main  line  of  the  Gt  If. 
Bly. ;  the  Nottingham  branch  ioina 
hare.  Jnni:  *Angel  and  RoyJ  HL, 
High-street ;  George.  The  tiomer  ia 
one  of  the  three  medieval  hostels 
remaining  in  England.  It  is  re- 
corded tiwt  King    John    held    hja 


court  there  on  23id  Febrnuy,  1213, 
and  tbat  in  this  houae  Itichiiid  IIL 
sigiied  the  death  WBn»nt  of  the  Duke 
of  Buddngham  on  19th  October.  1483. 

The  town  standi  on  the  mer 
Wiiham,  25  m.  S.  of  Linoohi,  and 
11  m.  8M.  of  Newark. 

The  ta.  (8L  WolBmi)  U  a  hand- 
Bome  stone  Btmctare,  with  a  noble 
sqaare  tower,  13S  ft.  high,  Bnrmaaated 
bj  a  beaatif^  octi^nal  spire  of  138 
ft.  The  inferioT  is  fine,  and  ia 
lighted  hj  bandsome  windows  of  the 
Xi.E.,  Dec.,  and  Perp.  styles.  Notice 
the  fiml.  The  orjpt,  nnder  the  " 
aisle,  oontaina  a  stone  altar. 

Public  Baths  are  in  Wharf-roed. 


from  Gcantham.  Sir  Isaac  Newton 
was  bom  here  in  1642.  A  portion  of 
the  plantadona  and  pleasure-giounds 
otBamiiT  Coatle  (see)  are  iu  the  parish. 
At  Baton,  2i  m.  N.E.,  is  the  fine 
seat,  desigaed  b;  Wren,  of  Earl  Brown- 
low.  Ia  it  are  some  good  paintings  bj 
Lel;r,  Kneller,  and  others.  A  loagni- 
ficMit  view  is  obtained  from  Behnont 
Towa-.  on  B.  side  of  the  Park,  i  m. 
fnither  on  is  Sytbm  (Sir  John  Tho- 
rold),  with  a  oeletnated  library.    The 


Ch.  has  interesting  Norm,  portions. 

Crasmere  (Westm.)  is  on  the 
high  road  &om  Ambleside  to  Keswick, 
4  m.  from  former,  and  13  m.  from  latter, 
and,  from  its  central  position,  ia  verj 
oonvenient  Eut  headijnarters  for  tourists. 
Iniu ;  Prince  of  Wales  H. ;  Kothay  H., 
both  first  class ;  Red  Lion,  in  ttie  vil- 
lage ;  Swan,  |  m.  on  the  Keswick  road. 
The  village  is  )  m.  N.  of  Grasmere 
Liake,  1  m,  in  length  and  }  m,  broad, 
Ivtng  in  a  hollow.  The  noblo  amphi' 
theatre  of  moaolains  which  euciicles 
it  can  be  best  seen  ^m  the  water .  In 
the  S.E.  eomer  of  the  eh,-yd.  Words- 
worth and  several  members  of  his 
jlasniiy  are  buried.  Close  to  Uiem  is  a 
monument  of  Caen  stone  to  Hartley 
Coleridge  ;  also  a  slab  in  memory  ot 
Arthur  Hngh  Clongh,  who  died  and 
was  buried  at  Florence.  The  epitaph 
on  the  marble  tablet  within  the  church, 
with  a  medallion  profile  of  the  poet 
Wordsworth,  is  the  composition  of 
John  Keble.    Ascend  the  tover  of  the 


rSAM.  189 

Cboroh  (the  chuKh  of  the  'Excur- 
sion ;'  rather  difficult  for  ladies,  and 
impossible  for  very  stout  persons), 
from  which  msgniflocnt  views  of  tl^ 
lake,  &c.,arB  obteiued. 

Ezeurriont, — (o)  EasedaJe  Tarn,  2J 
m.,  is  reached  on  foot  by  following  the 
second  road  on  1.  after  leaving  Bed 
Lion  Hotel,  crossing  the  foot  bridge, 
oontinning  throngb  the  fiehis,  liaT> 
ing  Eaaedale  Beok  on  rt. ;  thenoe, 
by  ascending  a  sleep  path  by  the 
Bide  of  Soar  Mitk  Fane.  The  Tarn 
~one  of  the  finest  in  the  district 
—is  H  m.  beyond.  A  little  to  W.  ia 
Godale  Tarn.  The  ascent  to  it  is 
steep,  but  the  scenery  will  repay  the 
trouble.  Gkiod  trout  fishing  in  both 
Tarns,  and  a  boat  may  be  hired  on 
Easedale  Tarn.  The  return  may  be 
varied  either  by  descending  into  Far 
Efitedale  Glen,  or  by  climbing  8Sv«r 
Hmee  (1345  ft.)  and  descending  near 
Onismere  lake,  (jb)  S«d  Bank,  li  m. 
Irom  the  church,  commanding  fine 
views  of  Helvellyn  and  Bkiddaw, 
Fairfield,  Nab  Bear,  and  Bydal  Park. 
Thence,  taking  the  road  to  the  rL,  to 
High  Ciote,  on  the  highest  part  of  the 
rood  to  Great  Langdale.  Proceed  to 
the  seat  bearing  the  inscription  "  Beat 
and  be  thankfnl,"  about  20  yards  be- 
yond High  Cloae  House,  ic)  iJowghrigg, 
which  can  be  easily  ascended  from 
Ked  Bank  This  mountain  ridge,  so 
graphieally  described  in  Mr.  Jumoe 
Talfonrd's  '  Vacation  Bambtes,'  should 
be  traversed  ftem  end  to  end.  Betnm 
romid  the  W.  shore  of  Bydal  Lake, 
passing  Nab  Cottage,  Rydnl  Mount 
and  Falls  (see  AmbUiide),  and  diverg* 
ing  from  the  main  road  into  a  former 
turnpike  road,  now  celled  the  "  Middle 
Road,"  to  the  Withing  Gate,  the  sub- 
ject of  one  of  Wndaworth's  best 
lyrics.  A  short  distance  beyond  a 
<Jescent  is  made  and  the  coach  road 
entered  near  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Hotel,  (d)  aremhead  Ghyll  (the  scene 
of  Wordsworth's  'Michael'),  i  m.,  is 
approached  &om  b^ind  Uie  Swan 
Inn.  (e)  Tongue  Ghyll  Waler/aa,  rt  of 
Keswick  road,  about  1  m.  from  the 
Swan,  should  be  visited,  (/)  Helm  Crag 
(1299  ft.],  2  m.,  the  rooks  on  the 
summit  m  which  have  been  fancifully 


GHANTSAMSnA  VEBSm). 


compared,  when  «een  from  different 
points  of  view,  to  a  lion  couohant  with 
a  lamb ;  to  an  astrologer,  aa  by  Words- 
worth in  his  *  Waggoner ;'  and  to  a 
mortar  throwing  aheUs.  (g)  Fairfield 
(2862  ft.],  3  m.,  the  double  joarne? 
occupying  about  4  hours.  The  ascent, 
whi^  is  not  difficult,  commences  at 
a  taming  out  of  the  high  road,  close 
to  the  Swan.  It  may  also  be  made 
from  Ambleside,  6  m,,  by  proceed- 
ing through  Rydal  village,  and  ^ler 
crossing  Pelter  Bridge,  taking  the 
load  on  it,  which  leads  by  Kydal 
Churoh  and  Bydal  Mount  Nab  Bear 
Boon  comes  in  view,  end  from  the 
Bummit,  which  is  half--way  between 
Ambleside  and  Fairfield,  magnificent 
views  are  obtained.  The  ascent  bom 
Gmamere  is  easier  and  tiie  one  usually 
made,  (h)  Sa-mllyn  (3118  ft.),  6|  m. 
to  eofflmit  The  ascent  is  often  made 
from  PaUtrdale,  but  it  is  CRsier  from 
Grssmere.  Leavingthe  Swan  Inn,  from 
which  Wordsworth,  Sonthey,  and  Scott 
started  together  for  the  ascent,  follow 
the  Keswick  road,  i  m.,  until  a  cottage 
ia  reached  on  rt.  Take  the  path  on 
N,  side  of  the  cottage,  by  side  of 
Tongue  Qhyil  (see  Water&U),  and 
thence  by  way  of  Horse  CrsffgB, 
Grisedale  Pass,  to  foot  of  Giisedale 
Tarn,  3  m.  Thence  by  a  zigzag  path 
to  tie  Bmmnit  of  Dolly  Waggon  Pike, 
and  thence  along  a  aeries  of  crests 
of  hills  forming  nearly  the  whole 
length  of  the  "mighty"  Helvellyn 
range,  for  2  m.  to  the  great  cairn  at 
the  top.  The  views  on  a  clear  day 
are  surpassingly  fine.  The  easiest 
descent  is  to  the  Nag's  Head  Inn  at 
Wythbam,  situated  on  the  Keswick 
main  road,  5  m.  &om  Gmamere,  and 
8  m.  from  Keswick,  The  ascent  may 
also  he  made  from  this  village,  bat  tiie 
route  (2§  m.),  though  shorter,  is  less 
interesting  than  that  tiom  Graamere  or 
Patterdale.  Ponies  and  guides  can  be 
hired  at  any  of  the  principal  hotels. 
(f)  Palferdale,  S  m.  from  Grasmere,  is 
reached  by  a  steep  and  mgged  bridle- 
road,  by  Grisedale  Pass,  quitting  the 
main  road  by  Tonga  e  Ghyll  (see  Mpr^). 
The  route  passes  through  some  of  the 
grandest  monntain  soenely  of  the  dis- 
trict.   On  entering  the  road  in  Patt^- 


dale,  torn  to  1.  and,  at  a  bridge  near  to 
Patterdale  Hall  (seat  of  Mr.  Marshall), 
a  road  to  rt.  leads  to  the  ohnroh 
and  village  (Patt«ada1e  Hotel).  The 
UllswBter  Hotel  is  dose  to  the  Lake, 
Im.  W. 

The  road  from  Grasmere  to  Kei- 
wick,  after  leaving  the  Swan,  ascends 
DanrnaU  Baiie,  a  desolate  tract 
between  Steel  Fell  on  1.  and  Seat  ' 
"al  on  rt.  On  its  highest  part 
rude  cairn  which  is  supposed 
to  indicate  the  spot  where  Ihmmail 
King  of  Gumberliuid  was  defeated  by 
Edmnnd  King  of  England,  a.d.  9t5. 
Before  reaching  top  of  Pass,  look  back 
on  vale  and  lake  of  Grasmere;  notice 
also  tbe"Iiion  and  tiamb"on  Helm 
Orag.  Wythbum,  5  m.  (Inn:  Nag's 
Head,  formerly  "The  Cherry  Tree"  of 
Wor^worth'a  'Wagoner').  Oppo- 
site the  inn  is 


The  road  now  skirts  the  W.  base  of 
Helvellyn  range  and  for  nearly  2  m. 
on  1.  the  shores  of  Thirlmere  lake, 
3  m.  long  and  }  m.  broad,  and  the 
highest  of  all  the  English  le^es.  The 
beat  views  are  to  be  had  from  its  W. 
shore,  and  shonld  not  be  missed.  Slop 
at  King's  Heod  Inn,  at  TMrtspo^ 
small,  hut  clean  and  comfbrtable;  a 
Post  Office.  For  the  neit  3  m.  the 
road  nms  tbtough  the  rather  nn- 
inlereating  vole  of  Naddle.  On  ar- 
riving at  a  sharp  turn  (Oastlerigg) 
1  m.  from  the  town,  the  vale  of  Kea- 
wicft  suddenly  opens  ont,  with  Bassec- 
tbwaft«  Late  in  the  distance,  and 
Skiddaw,  on  rt. ;  Derwentwaler  and 
Bonowdale  on  1. ;  and  the  town  below. 
The  view  here  is  admitted  to  be  the 
finest  in  the  Lake  District. 

Cirfkveiiend  (Kent).,  Stat. 
S.  B.  Ely.,  N.  Kent  line,  23J  m.  &om 
London  ;  22  m.  b^  road,  and  2^  m. 
below  London  Bridge  hj  Oie  met. 
/nn( :  Clarendon  H. ;  Cli^n  H. ; 
Mitifl,  H.;  New  Ion. 

The  town  is  situated  on  the  rt  bank 
of  the  Thames,  and'  has  from  vei7 
early  times  been  the  place  of  landing 
for  royal  personages. 

The  tnmS  of  the  Short  Ferry  to 


61U  VESESTD—GSEENWICB. 


191 


Tilbury,  J  ra.,  U  now  carried  on  by 
the  ateamboaU  which  ply  betweeu 
Gntveeead  and  the  Tilbuir  Station  of 
tbe  London  and  Southend  Railway. 

Ab  the  ontei  bonndaiy  of  tbe  Port 
of  London,  all  outward-botmd  Teasels 
receive  here  their  final  clearnnoea. 
The  emignint  ships  anchor  here  (o  tahe 
tbeii  passengers  on  boaid,  and  undergo 
inspection  by  the  emigration  officers, 
and  all  outwatd-bound  Tewels  here  re- 
oeiTe  tbeit  bills  of  lading.  Inward- 
bound  ships  are  here  boarded  by  the 
rerenue  ofBcers,  and  taike  on  board 
their  river  pilola.  The  town  importi 
coal  and  timber,  but  the  fishing  fiif 
niehea  the  chief  employment  of  the 
sea&ring  population.  Shrimps  are 
taken  by  the  fishermen  in  ptoaigiona 
quantities.  They  are  latgely  con- 
aumed  at  GiftTesend  br  tbe  summer 
Tisitors.  There  are  whole  streets  of 
"  tea  and  shrimp  houses ;"  but  the 
main  dependence  of  the  flahermen  is 
on  the  LoDdoQ  maiket. 

Gravesend  is  the  headquarters  of  the 
Boyol  Thames  Yacht  Club,  and  yacht- 
ing adds  much  to  the  profit  of  the 
town,  and  to  the  pleasure  of  the 
visitors.  The  clnb-hooae,  on  tbe  Marine 
Parade,  is  t,  spacioni  and  attractive 
building. 

Tbe  3W»  Pier,  167  ft.  long,  40  ft. 
wide,  is  the  chief  landing-place  for 
tbe  London  steamers,  and  on  it  is  a 
ticket  ofiBoe  or  station  in  connection 
with  the  London,  Tilbmy,  and  South- 
end Ely. 

The  Terrace  f  ter,  240  ft.  long,  30 
ft.  wide,  ia  covered  throughout,  and  has 
■liding  ahutters  or  j<uoa»ie$  at  the 
ndes,  thus  forming  an  agreeable  pro- 
menade in  almost  any  weather.  Con- 
nected with  it  are  the  terrace  gardens. 

BoiherviUe  BoUl,  Oardene,  and 
Pier,  1  m.  W.,  may  lie  reached  by  e 
varied  and  int«reahng,  though  not  very 
clean  or  fragrant  walk  by  the  shore. 
Rosherrille  is  a  place  of  popular  resort, 
formed  ont  of  an  abwidjDoed  chalk-pit 
The  Qardem  present.  In  many  re- 
spects, a  nnique  appearance,  the  cliffs, 
some  of  which  are  ISO  ft.  high,  and  the 
natural  features  having  be^  skilfully 
taken  advantage  of.  I^y  are  exceed- 
ingly pretty,  and  will  repay  n  dRil, 


but  it  should  be  in  the  morning.  On 
the  E.  side  of  tbe  town  is  the  Fort, 
and  the  basin  of  the  old  Tbamee  and 
Medway  canal.  Here,  too,  are  bathing 
machines  and  bathing  establishments, 
Clifton  Baths  on  the  W .,  and  the  Albion 
Baths  at  UiKon  on  the  E. 

From  Gravesend  there  are  easy  walks 
or  rides  to  Springhead,  now  perhaps 
the  most  populai  resort  of  summer 
visitors,  noted  for  watercresses,  fruit, 
and  light  refreshments.  OMam,  5  m. 
B.  hj  B.,  with  CoMom  HoU  and  CK  ; 
etuTs  ma,  4  m.  S.E.  ;  Bkone  CAtnvA. 
S  m.  E.S.E,,  which  may  be  visited 
along  with  Gad's  Hill;  and  Chdik 
ChturA,  2  m.  E.  (see  SoAttter'). 

Great  Baddow,  see  Chdnuford. 

Gbkat  BABsnzLD,  see  Durtmoa, 
Qrtat. 

Gbeat  Bahton,  see  Bvry  Bt.  Ed- 
mund'f. 

Gbeat  OHALDnsLS,  lee  Mdhthtaa. 

Obut  Cozwell,  see  Faringdtm. 

Gbeat  Bubht'ohd,  see  SalMury. 

Gbeatbam,  see  Bartlmml. 

Grbat  Malvebn,  see  JifaZrem. 

Grkat  IffONOEHAH,  loe  ZkoL 

Gbeat  Shklfobd,  see  Cambridge, 

Gbbat  Staditobth,  see  Settle. 

Gbeat  WAuniaHAii,  see  Waiting- 

Grkat  Wilbrahak,  see  Cambridge. 

GsBKiraTKAj),  see  Chipping  Ongar. 

Cireenwicll  (Kent).  Trains 
every  20  min.  from  Charin^-cross, 
Cannon-street,  and  London  Bridge 
Stats.  Also  every  15  min.  ftom  Fen- 
chnroh-atreet,  BfdMillwall  Jnnc.  Pas- 
sengers by  this  rente  chss  the  Thames 
by  the  Potter's  Ferry  steamboat  (with- 
in 300  yds.  of  the  new  Iforth  Green- 
wich ^tion).  Steuners  ply  from 
Westminster  Bridge  every  hdf-hour. 
The  distance  by  rail  f^om  Chaiing- 

Ship  H.,  west  of  the  hospital  and  close 
to  landing-stage :  TrafalgBi  H. ;  Yacht 
H. ;  Crown  and  Sceptre.  The  Danish 
army  was  encamped,  1 01 1-11,  at  Green- 
wich, about  the  high  but  sheltered 
groand  E.  of  tbe  town  and  perk,  knows 
ea  E.  and  West  Combe.  Oreenwit^  ap- 
pears to  have  been  a  royal  residence  as 
early  as  1300.  Henry  Vui.  was  bom 
here  June  2Sth,  1491.  At  tbe  Restora- 


193 


.  GREENWICH. 


tioD,  the  palace  had  fallen  into  enoh 
diBrepair,  Uiat  it  was  decided  to  poll  it 
rfown  and  erect  a  new  one,  and  even- 
toall;  one  wing — tbe  W.  wing  of  the 
pteeenthospit^— WMflniahed,  but  no- 
thing foTthet  was  done.  Queen  Maiy 
conceived  tbe  idea  of  completing  the 
bmldine  as  a  hospital  for  disabled  neo- 
men.  Before,  boweTer,  an;  practical 
steps  weK  taken  to  carry  out  the  project, 
tbe  qoeen  died,  Deoember  281b,  1694, 
and  William  at  once  detenuEned  that 
the  hospital  sbonld  be  completed  as  a 
memonal  of  her  publio  and  private 
virtoee.  Wten  was  appointed  archi- 
tect, and  the  Snt  atone  was  laid  June 
30th,  1B96;  and  tbe  hospital  was 
opened  Jannary,  1705.  The  pavi- 
lions at  the  exttemitieB  of  tbe  terrace, 
and  the  Infirmarr,  were  added  in  the 
reign  of  George  UI. 

The  "Hcepital,"  in  its  con^leted 
fono,  comprisee  four  distinct  blocks  of 
buildingB,  on  a  taised  lerraoe,  SG5  ft 
long.  The  two  blocka  neftreat  tbe 
river,  known  respectively  as  King 
Cbarlea'  and  Queen  Anne's  bmtdinga, 
stood  on  either  side  :tf  the  Great  Square, 
270  ft.  wide;  the  two  blocks  8.  of 
them  are  King  William's  and  Queen 
Hary's  buildings.  The  seamen  for 
whom  the  great  work  was  erected 
have  departed,  and  their  pUce  is  occu' 
pied  by  the  %yjaX  Naval  CollecB. 

The  Painted  Sail,  originaUy  in- 
"  i  for  tbe  hospital  Eefectocy,   " 


itself  is  a  magniflcent  and  admirably 
proportioned  room,  106  ft  long,  56  ft. 
vdde,  andSOfLhigh.  It  is  approached 
by  a  noble  vestibule,  open  to  one  of 
tbe  lofty  cupolas.  Beyond  it  is  a 
raised  apartment,  the  Upper  Hall. 
The  waUs  and  ceilings  of  all  were 
painted  bj^  Sir  James  Thcanlr'" 
The  collection  of  paintings  is  exl 
sive  and  valuable.  As  works  of  art, 
some  of  them  are  of  small  account ; 
but  few  are  without  intei««t  for  tbe 
person  ot  subject  represented.  There 
are  repKsentationa  of  a  large  pro- 
portion of  oar  biaveat  admirals,  and 
mi^  of  our  most  &moas  sea-fights. 

The  N^»on  Boom  contains  tbe  por- 
trait of  Nelson   by  Aljbot,  like 


fiithfol  and  cbaraoleristic  tikenew  ex- 
tant 

Queen  Anne's  building  has  been 
fitted  np  as  a  NamU  Museam,  open 
to  the  public.  It  occupies  seventeen 
rooms,  and  is  bj;  far  the  finest  and 
most  comprohenaive  collection  of  the 
kind  ever  seen  in  this  ooautry. 

The  Infirmary,  immediately  W.  of 
the  bospibi],  was  assigned  lo  the  Sea- 
men's Hospital  Society,  and  was  op^ied 
in  1870  as  a  Free  Hotpital/or  Seamen 
of  AU  Natiom. 

The  Queen's  House,  in  the  Park, 
behind  Greenwich  Hospital,  forms 
the  centre  of  the  Ihyal  Navai  Sdiool. 
The  handsome  stone  building  on  the 
W.,  with  the  Admiralty  arms  in  front, 
is  a  capacious  Gymnaiium,  erected  in 
1S72-73,  &om  tbe  designa  of  Colonel 
Clarke. 

Qre^meiiit  Park  (ISO  acres)  was  en- 
closed b;  Hompbrey  Duke  of  Gloucee- 
ter  in  143S;  the  wall  round  it  was 
built  by  James  I.  In  its  present  form 
it  is  tbe  work  of  Charles  II.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  popular  of  our  open 
air  places  of  resort,  and  on  a  fine 
holiday  is  really  a  remarkable  spec- 

The  Soyai  Obtenatorg  was  founded 
by  Charles  IL  in  1G75.  Flamsteed, 
tbe  first  Astronomer-Boyal,  remained 
at  the  head  of  the  Observatoly  for  43 


by  the  aasociations  o 
It  is  a  place  of  various,  aystematio,  and 
unceasing  obsurvatioi],  record,  and 
reduction  of  astronomical,  magnetic 
and  meteorok^od  phenomena.  On 
S.  side  of  tbe  Park  is  Blaekltealh. 

In  Greenwich  parish  Ch.  (St.  Al- 
phege),  obeerve  picture  on  the  S.  wall 
of  Charles  I.  at  his  devotions;  on  tbe 
E.  wall,  portraits  of  Queen  Anne  and 
George  I. ;  and  on  the  N.  wall  a 
rcpresentalJon  of  the  tomb  of  Queen 
EUzabetb.  Hen.  VHI.  was  baptised, 
and  Gen.  Wolfe,  conqueror  of  Quebec, 
was  buried  here. 

One  or  two  of  the  almshouses  in 
tbe  town  on  also  notewortl^.  Queen 
JSSiad>eth'g  College,  in  the  Greenwich- 
road,  nearly  oppo^te  the  railw»  sta- 
tion, was  founded  (1574)  by  Williain 
l«inbarde,  and  is  said  to  have  beeu 


ORIMBBr— GUILDFORD. 


tbe  flrat  founded  after  the  BetbmialiotL  I 

Narfalk  CoOege  or  Trinitij  Honpilal,  & 
brick  quadTsng:1e,  by  the  river  dde,  E. 
of  Greenwich  Hospilal,  vaa  founded, 
1G13,  by  Heurj  Howard,  Earl  of  North- 
amplon. 

Grebfobd,  bob  Wrexlutm. 

GiiES8ENHAi,L,  HOfi  Dereham. 

Gbeta  Bbidcb,  gee  Bamard  CiuOe. 

GnEWBLTHORFE,  9ee  Bipon. 

Crrimfthy,  C<re»t  (Lincoln.) 
— Btat,  G.  N.  and  Mane.  Sheff.  A 
Lincoln  Bljs.  ilnat:  The  Yar- 
borough,  ••Eoyal.near  the  Docks  rttil- 
way  atetion ;  Ship ;  White  Hart) — lies 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Hninber,  about 
7  m.  irom  the  sea,  with  a  deep  roadstead 
in  fiunt.  having  exeeUent  anchorage. 
The  formation  of  extemdvc  docks,  and 
the  connection  by  ntilwaya  with  every 
important  diBtrict  in  Great  Britain, 
has  revived  the  port,  and  lande  the 
town  a  place  of  ranch  imparlance. 
The  first  stone  of  the  new  doohs  was 
laid  by  Prince  Albert  in  1819,  and 
the  docks  were  opened  in  1852.  Her 
Majesty  viaited  the  town  on  l*th  of 
October,  18S4,  and  named  the  largest 
dock  (about  30  acres  in  extent)  "The 
Royal  Dock."  Tliere  is  also  a  fish- 
craJt  dock  of  12  acres.  A  lidal-bssin 
in  front  of  the  locks,  containing  abont 
15  acres,  acoommodates  the  river  omft. 
The  locks  are  opened  and  closed  by 
hydraulic  maohJnery  contained  iu  a 
tower  309  ft.  Uiglt.  The  fishing  trade 
is  of  great  imponanee. 

St.  Jameft  €%.  is  a  fine  old  bnilding 
(originally  monastic). 

In  one  of  the  apacions  rooms  of  the 
Royal  Hotel,  the  Exchange  was  opened 
for  the  transaction  of  buMness  in  1S66. 
The  principsJ  Englisb  and  Foreign 
newspapers  will  be  found  there. 

The  Theatre  Royal,  in  Victoria-street 
North,  ia  a  well-fitted  building. 

OleeUionet,  on  the  coast  E.  (}  hr.  by 
raO),  has  Become  a  wataring-plaoe  of 
great  popalarity.  Jnnt:  Dolphin 
Hotel :  Oljff  Hotel ;  Leeds  Arms ; 
Cross  Keys. 

At  MarOttMpel,  10}  m.  S.E.  from 
Grimsby,  is  an  interesting  Ch.,  with 
beautiful  oak  screen,  font,  Ac 

Ci-rllMtead,  £ast  (Sussex). 
Stat.,  L.  B.  ft  S.  C.  BIy.    Inn* :  Dorset 


Castle,  at  Forest-row.  This  town  con- 
tains several  old-timbered  houses,  as 
well  na  some  bandsome  new  ones,  the 
neighbourhood  having  a  high^repnta- 
tinn  for  beauty  and  sslubrity.  The 
Chnnh,  standing  on  a  lofty  ridge,  serree 
as  a  landmark  to  the  minonndiug 
country.  BadcmUe  OMegt,  near  the 
church,  was  fbanded  in  161)9  by  Bobert 
Seckville,  2nd  Earl  of  Dorset,  for  the 
maintenance  of  a  certain  number  of 


It  B 


high  ground,  and  commands  noble 
views  tovrards  Aahdown  Forest  A 
public  hall, billiard  and  readin^rooms 
have  been  recently  erected  in  the 
town.  Abont  3  m.  6.E.,  and  near 
Fmetl-TBa  Slation,  are  the  remaing 
of  BramiAetyB  Hmue,  temp.  James  L, 
of  no  great  interest,  but  the  scenery 
of  the  volley  in  which  they  stand  u 
attractive. 

Gbost,  see  Eirby  Sluxloe  and 
Leieeiter, 

Gbookbiudge,  see  Ttmbridge  WdU. 

Ghobuont  OAffTLs,  Bee  JBbnmoutt. 

OBUNSiBBCBaH,  SBC  Wbodbridgt. 

Ciulldford  (Burrey)— St^.,L. 
&  S.W.  Bly.,  30i  m.  from  London; 
42f  m.  by  8.  E.  Bly.  vid  Bedhill  Juno. : 
also  StaL  L.  B.  A  B.  C.  Bly.,  SO  min. 
from  Horebam;  abont  If  hr,  by  rail 
from  Wincheetra ;  2f  hrs.  from  Soath- 
amplon ;  2)  hrs.  from  Portsmouth. 
Innt:  'White  Hart;  'White  Uon; 
Angel — is  the  county  town,  and  lies 
mamly  on  the  E.  ban^  of  the  Way ;  "  a 
fine  neat  old  town,"  consisting  prind- 

elly  of  one  main  street,  running  from 
to  W.  np  a  steep  hill.  The  objects 
of  special  interest  in  the  town  are  (a) 
the  Caitle,  rising  oonspicuously  from  a 
high  mound  to  a  heigbt  of  TO  it.  The 
Keep  (not  now  open  to  visitors)  i* 
Norm.,  ciro.  1150.  The  best  general 
view  of  it  is  from  the  bowling'^reeii  at 
the  back  of  the  Com  Exchange,  in 
High-street,  but  a  closer  inspection 
of  the  ruins,  whioh  are  very  interest- 
ing, may  be  made  from  a  raised  walk 
beyond  the  keep  mound,  on  the  8.  side. 
(t)  Arehbp.  AMoPi  Ho^tal,  standing 
near  the  head,  and  on  the  TS.  side  of 
High-street,  fonnded  1619.  Obserre 
especially  Dming-ioom,  with  portraila 


GVI8S0B0U0H—BADD0N  BALL. 


ol  WyoliK  and  ottiera,  Bud  the  ver; 
inteiestiDK  and  ancieot  fitained  glass 
windoiTB  ID  the  chapel.  On  oppoaile 
aide  of  the  toad  ia  Holy  Trinity  Ckiirch, 
worth  vildtiug  for  llie  raomiments  it 
coutaina.  (c)  St.  Xari/'s  Church,  Quat- 
ly-street  (restored  1836),  is  Ml  of 
interest.  In  the  chapel  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
chancel,  are  some  very  curious  painted 
medallione.  (d)  The  Guildhall,  in 
centre  of  High-atreet,  containa  poi- 
traita  of  Chailes  II.  and  Jamea  II.,  b; 
Ldy;  also  of  "  Speaker  Onalow,"  and 
Vice-Adioiral  Sir  B.  Onslow.  Id  the 
oonncil-cliBmber  over  the  Hall  is  a 
cmioosohiiimey-piece.  The  Grammar 
School,  which  dates  from  time  of  Henry 
Vni.,  ia  at  the  extreme  upper  end  of 
Hich-etieet.  Frooeeding  from  the  tewD 
to  FarTiluim,  10  m.,  a  totv  picturesque 
Tonfe,  the  tourist  ma;  cither  at  once 
climb  t^  Hog's  Bade,  or,  which  is  per- 
haps preferable,  he  may  proceed  to 
LiKdey,  2  m.  RW.  (demesne  of  C.  M. 
Ho^ncDX,  Esq.,  a  very  good  example 
of  £.  Eliz.  Diansion) ;  the  Park,  not 
the  hotiae,  is  open  to  the  public ;  thence. 
1  m.  W.,  to  the  very  interesting  cbutch 
at  CotMiton ;  thence,  Ihiongh  a  auccea- 
sian  of  lauea  and  commou  to  Puliea- 
ham,  where  the  tourist  will  emerge  ou 
the  Hog's  Back,  G  m.  from  Famham. 

It  ia  a  moat  enjoyable  exclusion, 
Kther  by  carriage  or  on  fbot,  from 
Guildford  to  Leath^rhead,  abont  11 
to. ;  thenoe  to  Box  Hill,  S  m.  (lunch 
here  at  Burford  Bridge  Hotel),  and 
1  m.  beyond  to  Dorking ;  from  here 
about  7  m.  to  Beigate.  Hence  the 
ton  rial  can  continue  direct  S.  to 
Brighton,  or  return  to  London  by  lail. 

GmLSFiELii,  see  WeUhpool. 

dulsborourh  (York.), Stat.. 
N.B.HIy., branch  from MiidiHeitoroKo/i. 
Inn:  Buck  (tolerable).  Here  are  the 
interesting  remains  of  nn  AuguatiniaD 
Priory,  founded  ciro.  1119.  The  heat 
view  of  them  ia  from  meadow  at  back 
of  the  Church.  The  E.  end  ia  the 
principal  relic  In  the  Parish  Church 
(mnch  harboriaed)  under  W.  tower,  ob- 
ferre  an  altar-tonihi  probably  a  ceno- 
taph of  Boberl  Qrqc^,  Eiqg  of  Scot- 
land, and  ^t  the  W:  end.  the  hll-lengtb 
pffigy  of  a  king,  crowned,  holding  a 


aceptre  in  one'hand,  and  the  arms  of 
Scotland  in  the  other.  Ezcuriitmf  to 
SalSmm  (ace)  via  the  Spa  (now  dis- 
Tiaed)  and  Skelton,  S  m. ;  to  Eildale 
and  Stokesley  (aee  WhiS^);  to  Eaton 
Nab  (see  Bedcar).  To  Rm^ieTry 
To^ng  (1067  ft.),  the  anmmit  1  m. 
Irom  TUlage  of  Newton,  and  3  from 
Guisboro'  (see  Whitby). 

GuHFHESTON,  BBO  Teuby. 

GuMTON,  aee  Cromer  and  LmBcaioft. 

Gdhwaixoe,  see  Helsioit. 

Gtjbsabd's  Head,  aee  Pettaamie, 

GwiTHEKiN,  see  Abergele. 

Gyhn,  see  Blajili'pool. 

Hjichpai-l,  see  Eipon. 

Haokness,  aee  Scarborough. 

Huddon  Hall  (Derby.),  2  m. 
from  Bakowell  Stat. ;  and  1}  m.  from 
Rowaley  Stat ;  Midi.  BIt.  Thisaplen- 
did  old  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Rutland 
ia  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  baronial 
dwellings  of  the  ISth  and  16th  cents. 
It  is  not  inhabited,  hut  is  in  perfect 
preservation.  Apply  at  keeper's  bouse 
close  to  the  gate.  The  following  are 
the  chief  objecta  of  interest  as  shown : 
courtyard,  and  on  one  aide  the  Cliap' 
laiu'a  Soora,  with  jackboota  and  other 
relics  of  the  civil  war.  The  Chapel 
in  the  S.W,  angle  bos  painted  gtasa ; 
subject  Cmoifixion ;  date  1427.  The 
Great  HaU,  with  data  and  music 
gallery,  and  a  Bomau  altar  in  the 
poreh.  Notice  the  antler  decorations, 
and  the  curious  apparatus  for  punish- 
ing the  churlish  drinker.  Small 
Dining-room,  with  oak  panelling,  and 
heads,  in  rcliei;  of  Hcuir  VII.,  Eliza- 
beth of  York,  and  Will  Somers,  the 
jester.  The  anna  over  the  fireplace 
are  of  Sir  6.  Vernon,  "  King  of  the 
Peak,"  and  laat  of  the  male  line,  1545. 
In  the  EarVa  Bedckaraher  ia  a  repre- 
aentation,  in  tapestry,  of  a  boar  hunt 
(16th  cant.).  Ion?  Gatkry  (date 
Elizabeth),  the  bow  window  of  which 
hii.a  the  Rutland  shield  of  twenty-five 
quarterings.  Notice  the  boar's  head 
of  Vernon,  and  the  peacock  of  Man- 
ners ;  the  Terrace  and  doorway,  from 
which  the  fair  heiress,  Dorothj'  Vei^ 
non,  eloped  on  a  ball  night  with  Sir 
J.  Manners.  The  State-room  has  a 
chimney-piece,  with  Orpheus  charming 
the  bea^  in  stocoo.     In  another 


HADLEIQE—SAIL8BAM. 


193 


room  is  OoboUn  tapeatry.  Notiae  on 
the  N.  g&tewa;  (ISth  cent.)  bd  iostra- 
meiii  for  etretehing  oroBsbowB.  Ths 
riew  from  the  bridge  over  the  Wye  ia 
one  of  the  moat  cWming  in  Derby- 
ahiie.    (See  also  Shegield — EnyiioiiB.) 

Hadlbiob  (Eaaei),  see  8<mt}iead. 

HadlellTli  (SatTolk).  Btat..  Gt. 
E.  Rly.  (passengers  cliaoge  at  Bent- 
ley).  This  town  n&s  one  of  the  ancient 
centres  of  the  woollen  trade  (now  de- 
fonot)  in  Suffolk.  The  villages  of  Ker- 
»ey  (3  nu  where  there  is  a,  good  late 
'Deo.  church)  and  Lirtdtey  (i  m.  N.), 
have,  it  is  said,  given  their  names  to  the 
iabrioB  known  bs  "  t ereeys  "  and  "  Lnd- 
eey-wools^."  The  Ch.ua  fine  btiild- 
ine,  chiefly  Perp.,  with  soma  Dec 
and  E.-E.  portions.  The  original  B. 
doora  remain,  and  are  worth  notice. 
Adjoining  Uie  ch.-yd.  is  the  so-called 
lieBiory  Tower,  built  of  Iwiok,  by 
William  PykenhiuD,  rector,  1495.  It 
is  in  fact  a  gatehoase,  flsnted  by 
hexagonal  turrets.  San  Court,  near 
Hadlaigh  Bridge,  is  a  honse  appa- 
Tently  of  the  16th  cent.  In  High- 
street,  a  house  called  "  the  Mayors." 
with  Tndor  portions,  and  some  ^ures 
in  "pargetting"  in  a  oontt  at  the 
back,  ia  worth  notioe.  The  GnUd- 
ball  is  of  the  15th  cent. 

5  m.  iram  Hadleigh  and  }  m.  from 
Cbpel  station  ia  LitOe  WerJuaa.  The 
HM,  a  square  building  of  brick  and 
flint,  one  of  the  earliest  speiMmenH  of 
domestic  arohiteetnre  remaining  '~ 
this  country,  is  piotuiesqae  and 
rious,  and  well  deserves  a  visit.  Farts 
of  it  date  &om  about  1260.  As  an 
early  example  of  the  use  of  briok, 
probably  Flemish,  this  hall  is  remark- 
able. IMOt  Wenkam  Ch.  is  E.  E., 
same  date  evidently  as  the  hall,  and 
with  very  sinular  work,  Saydon  Ch. 
(station  3j  m.  ft«m  Hadleigh),  E. 
Deo.,  and  good.  The  window  tracery 
deserves  notice. 

The  Ch.  of  Slok^^NayUmd  (6J  m. 
S.  of  Hadleigh)  is  large  and  of  Perp. 
character.  The  tower,  one  of  the  fineat 
in  the  county,  deserves  especial 
tico.  The  W.  doorway  ia  very  rich, 
luid  (be  panelling  of  plinth  and  bat- 
tlement excellent  and  characteristic. 
The  font  is  very  good,  and  in  one  of 


the    chancel     chapels,    enclosed   by 

n-worfc,  are  monuments   for  the 

»ives  of  John  Howard,  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  who  fell  at  Bosworth.  Be- 
tween Btoke-by-Nayland  and  Shelly 
stands  Giffar^i  HaU,  a  f  ne  old  resi- 
dence, of  the  age  of  Henry  VIII, 
(1538),  of  red  brick. 

At  Boxford  Ch.  (chiefly  Perp.  and 
fine),  3  m.  8.W.  of  Hadleigh,  is  a  very 
rich  S.  porch.  eUborately  panelled; 
and  on  the  N.  side,  an  interesting 
porch  of  Dec.  woodwork. 

EiDLBT,  see  Bamet. 

Hadzob,  aee  Worctiter. 

Hatod,  see  Aberyiiwilh, 

HAiLErBiTRT,  See  AmiaeU. 

ITallMtaam  (Sussex).  Stat,  L. 
B.  &  8.  C.  Bly.  (branch  from  Polegate 
Junction).  Innt:  George;  Ciown. 
This  is  a  thriving  town,  with  one  of 
the  largest  cattle-niarketa  in  Sussex. 
The  Ch.  is  of  some  interest ;  He  pin- 
nacled Perp.  tower  ia  of  the  Devon- 
shire type.  At  Olliam,  in  the  B.  port 
of  the  parish,  is  a  small  chapel  of 
early  Dec.  character,  now  used  as  a 

The  remains  of  MiiAeOam  Priory, 
2  m.  W.  of  the  town,  are  important 
and  interesting.    The  buildings,  now 

converted  into  a  farmhouse,  tbnued  a 
spacious  qnadrougle,  and  are  sur- 
rounded by  a  broad  moat.  The  enclo- 
sure ia  entered  through  a  square  gate- 
way tower  of  three  storeya.  Of  other 
remains,  the  most  important  are  a 
crypt,. now  used  aa  a  dairy,  and  an 
ancient  apartment  above  it  The  old 
priory  mill  stands  without  the  moat 

Huritmoneeax  CaaOe  is  dlatont  fh>m 
Hailaham  4)  m.  by  road,  and  3  m.  by 
footpath  across  Uie  meadows ;  but 
the  way  from  Pevenaej,  Siough  1  m. 
longer,  is  to  be  preferred,  as  by  &r  the 
finest  view  is  obiained  by  approaching 
the  castle  from  the  8.  by  a  footpath, 
which  leaves  the  Pevensey-road  near 
a  lone  honse  before  yon  ascend  tho 
hill  to  Wartling, 

The  present  castle  was  built  temp. 
Hen.  VI.  It  was  entirely  of  bri(£, 
and  probably  the  largest  poet-Rom. 
bnildmg  of  tiiat  material  in  England. 
The  shell  of  the  castle  stilt  remains,  a 
very  interesting  and  moat  pictureeqm 


19C 


BA  LEaWOBTB— HALIFAX. 


Bpecimeu  of  tbe  half  fortrees,  half 
mansion  of  the  latter  daja  of  feu- 
ilulism. 

The  main  gateway,  e  TSty  flue  ose, 
ia  Id  the  S.  front.  The  fiankiag 
loweTB  are  S4  ft.  high,  and  are  capped 
b;  watch  turrets,  from  which  the  sea 
IB  ™ible.  The  walls,  particnlnrly  the 
N.,  are  thiokljoovered  with  ivy,  linelj 
contrasting  the  redcolaui  of  the  brick. 
Bemark  especially  tlie  great  trunks  of 
the  ivy  in  what  was  tbe  dining-room. 
The  inner  courts  an  mrpeted  with  a 
bright  green  turf,  and  luzel  btisbes 
have  sprung  up  here  and  thei'e  be- 
tween the  walla  The  "  Green  Court" 
is  the  firat  entered:  and  beyond  this 
was  the  great  hall,  wbicb  bad  a 
central  fireplace.  The  kitchen,  like 
the  ball,  was  of  great  height,  ami  had 
DO  upper  storey.  The  great  oven  of 
the  bi^ehouse,  11  ft.  in  diameter,  is 
worth  notice.  A  row  of  grand  ijpanish 
chestnuts,  W.  of  the  moat,  are  of  great 
antiquity.  Tlie  visiter  should  make 
the  cireuit  of  the  castle  without  the 
walla  as  far  as  poseible.  The  exterior 
of  the  W.  and  E.  sides  is  especially 
sbiking. 

The  modem  Hantmonceuz  Flaee, 
above  tbe  castle,  is  the  properly  of 
H.  M.  Curlel^  Esq. 

HuTttmonceax  Ch.  stands  on  high 
ground,  commanding  distant  views  of 
Baachy  Head.  It  is  maitily  E,  E. 
Under  the  great  obarchyard-yew  is  a 
cluster  of  tomb  crosses,  to  the  memory 
of  Archdeacon  Hare  and  other  mem- 
bers of  his  family,  which  alone  would 
give  interest  to  the  spot 

From  Hurstmonceui  the  t( 
may  descend  on  the  Hastings  Rly, 
al  Perensey  Slat,,  5  m,,  and  visit  the 
casUe  there  (see  Peveniey). 
Halbebton,  see  Tiv&rUm. 
Haleitwortll  (Suffolk).— Stat. 
Gt.  E.  Ely.— an  old  town,  with  somt 
antique  houses.  The  Ch.  has  a  fine 
Perp.  font  and  a  brass,  half  efflgy. 
date  1476.  2  m.  distant,  on  the  road 
to  Dareham,  is  BramlUid  Ch.,  early 
Dec.,  with  a  circular  bell-tower.  No- 
tice especially  tbe  chancel  screen  and 
the  very  quaint  ioscriptions  on  n    -- 


(Lord  Huntingfield),  built  1777,  one 

of   the  finest  bouses  in  one   of  the 

best  parks  in  tlie  county.    Louieitcft 

distiint  17  m.  by  railway. 

HttllfilX   (Yorka.).    Stat..    Gt 

N.  and  L.  &  Y,  Elys.     /«jm;  'Whita 

Swan;  Eailway  Hotel.    Hali&i  tanks 

third  in  importunce  among  the  "  ctoth- 

'  towns  of  the  West  Biding,  the 

which  take  place  before  it  being 

Leedn  and  Bradford.     It  stands  on  a 

very  steephill  overlooking  the  Hebble, 

all  stream  fiowing  into  the  Colder, 

lower  down. 

je  existing  Pariah  Ch.  is  for  the 
most  pert  Pcrp.,  c  1447,  bnt  retains 
portions  of  two  earlier  charclies. 

In  the  lower  part  of  tbe  town  is  tbe 

Cloth  or  Piece  hall,  built  1780.    It  is 

simple  slone  building,  but  imposing 

from  ita  great  size.    The  clothiers  ana 

merchants  formerly  met   here   every 


turers  now  carry  their  goods  to  the 
great  mart  of  the  district — BradfonL 

The  Toon  Sfdl,  which  may  be  visi- 
ted in  pasadDg  ttuuugh  the  town  to- 
ward All  Souls  Cb,,  was  campletod  in 
lStl2,  at  a  cost  of  about  25,0001.,  liom 
tbe  designs  of  jSir  C.  Barry,  and  his 
son,  E.  M.  Barry.  It  ia  a  building  of 
Palladian  arehitecture,  picturesque, 
and  striking  from  the  use  of  gilt  and 
burnished  metal  on  its  exterior;  bnt 
being  closely  surrounded  by  other 
buildings,  it  is  seen  to  little  advant- 
age. 

The  CSurcA  ofAU  BouU,  Haley  Sill, 
is  widely  celebrated,  not  only  at) 
one  of  the  best  and  most  elabomte  of 
the  many  chnrcliea  of  which  Sir  O.  G, 
Seolt  is  the  architect,  but  also  as  one 
of  the  most  noble  gifts  of  modem 
times,  it  having  been  built  at  the  sole 
coat  of  Bdw.  Akroyd,  Esq.,  who  has 
also  provided  the  endowment.  The 
cost  of  the  whole  building,  as  it  now 
stands,  is  said  to  have  been  70.0001. 
On  the  way  to  tlie  chureh,  the  North 
Bridge,  a  lofty  viaduct  of  six  arches, 
iacriMsed, 

The  plan  of  tbe  church  comprises 
nave,  with  aisles  tertainating  eastward 
in  transepts ;  chancel  with  N.  and  S. 
I  chapels ;  and  tower  and  spire  at  thu 


BALIFAX-^HALSTEAD. 


m 


N.W.  angle  of  the  nave.    The  strle  is 
earl;  Deo.  (Geoiootrical). 

On  antennfn,  the  viaitor  is  nt  once 
struck  t^  its  extreme  ricboew  and 
beauty.  Tile  arcade  dividing  the 
nave  from  its  aisles  is  espmiall; 
flne.  A  clcrestoiy  of  fifteen  lights, 
with  a  contiDuoiiB  intornal  iircade,  car- 
ried en  shafts  of  Derbjshiie  marhle, 
runs  above.  The  bftptfBtery  of  black 
Derbyshire  marble  oleo  deserves  atten- 

Tu'eBT  All  Souts  Church  is  Ban^JUld, 
the  residence  of  Edward  Akroyd,  Esq., 
and  nearly  opposite  is  the  vwr- 
tted  manitfiKioTj/  of  tlie  same  pro- 
prietor. This  is  not  to  be  seen  with- 
unt  a  special  order  or  introdnctioD, 
but  will  unply  repay  a  Tisit.  About 
1000  handa  are  employed.  Messrs. 
Honldswortb'B  mills  for  noollens  nre 
on  even  a  larger  scale.  Messrs,  Cross- 
ley's,  at  Dean  Clough  (the  targeet 
mills  in  the  place,  employini;  more 
than  KOOO  bands),  is  a  great  carpet 
manufiiciory. 

The  Mtueum,  iu  HarriEon-roed,  con- 
tains  soma  local  relics  aud  antiquities 
of  interest. 

Id  a  court  opening  from  Gil-bel-tane, 
OD  tbe  W.  side  of  tlie  toon,  the  raised 
platform  of  stones,  about  8  ft.  by  e  ft. 
(witb  steps  leading  up  to  it),  on  which 
the  famous  Halifax  Oi'bbk  formerly 
stood,  is  still  in  existence.  Tbe  whole 
is  now  grass  grown,  and  the  walla  of 
the  ooiirt  are  coveied  with  ivy;  but 
more  tlion  fifty  persons  were  beheaded 
here  between  1541,  wben  the  gibbet 
was  first  erected,  and  IGSO.  when  the 
last  execution  took  place.  The  Manor 
Court  Bouee,  in  which  criminals  were 
tried,  still  remains  in  Nelson-street, 
near  tlie  parish  chnrcli. 

At  tlieliead  of  the  town  iBUPeopltft 
Part,  laid  out  by  Sir  Joseph  Paxton, 
atid  given  to  Ualifox  by  the  late  Sir 
Fntncis  Ciossley,  M.P. 

Tlie  brancli  line  from  Leeds  and 
Bradford,  passing  down  the  valley  of 
the  Hebble,  connects  Hali&z  with  tbe 
station  of  Sowerby  Bridge,  on  the  Iao- 
cashire  and  Yorkshire  Railway. 

The  high  road  liom  Sowerby  Bridge 
to  Bocbdale.  in  Lancashire,  crosses 
Bla^itone  Edge,  a  portion  of  tbe  hill 


chain  running  from  Weatmorlsad  iuhi 
Derbyshire. 

At  Sowerhv  Bridge  we  enter  the 
vale  of  tbe  balder.  Hie  valley  be- 
comes more  picturesque  as  we  approach 
Hebdeu  Bridge :  and  thence  to  Tod- 
mordini  presents  a  most  remarkable 
mixture  of  wild  mountainons  scenery, 
with  the  works  and  dense  popnIatioD 
of  a  manufacturing  district. 

The  Holme  VaUeij,  branching  N. 
Irom  Todmorden  to  Burnley,  is  espe- 
cially picturesigue,  and  is  free  !xo\a 
tbe  contamination  of  manufactnrisg 
chimneys. 

Todmordenvi  a  manafacturingtown, 
situated  on  the  Bocbdale  Canal,  which 
hence  accompanies  the  Colder  river 
as  far  as  Sowerby  Bridge.  It  cootains 
many  flourishing  cotton  and  woollen 
mills. 

HALtiFOBD,  see  Shepperfon  and 
Thamei. 

HALLSANlig,  see  Darimoutli. 

Hallvbtone,  see  Roaihnry. 

Halsall,  see  Onatkirk. 

BCaUtead  (Essex).  Stat.,  Gt. 
E.  Ely.  Ina:  Geor£e.  Three  large 
silk  and  crape  mills  here,  belonging 
to  MesHFB.  Conrtauld  4  Co.,  employ 
about  ISOO  persons.  EarVi  Colne,  or 
Oreal  Honk's  Colne  (station).  *  m.,  is 
an  ancient  town  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Colne.  Tbe  manor  belonged  to 
the  De  Veres,  Barli  of  Oxford  (whence 
its  name),  until  1583,  The  handsome 
modem  mansion  of  H.  N.  Carwardine, 
Esq.,  occupies  the  site  of  the  Bene- 
dictine Fnory.  founded  by  Alberic, 
or  Aubrey,  the  progenitor  of  the  De 
Veres,  before  1100,  as  a  cell  to  the 
great  house  of  Benedictines  at  Abing- 
don. It  was  long  the  principal  burial- 
place  of  its  founders.  The  Priory 
was  destroyed  at  tbe  Dissolution,  and 
of  their  monuments  J  only  were  pre- 
served by  being  removed  into  tbe 
Parish  Ch.  of  St.  Andrew.  Thej  are 
now  arranged  in  a  cloister  attached 
to  the  garden  of  tbe  former  priory. 

21  m.  S.W.  of  Halatead  is  Goffield 
HaU,  originally  built  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII.  The  Queen's  Gallery  (so 
named  from  Qncen  Elizabeth's  visits), 
on  the  W.  side,  and  first  floor,  is 
loe  ft.  long,  by  12  ft.  wide.    This 


m 


HAMPSTEAD— HAMPTON. 


side  alono  is  origioal;   the  reat  vaa 
rebnilt  about  1705. 

2  m.  N.  of  HalBtead  is  the  C^  of 
liittle  M<HileUead,  the  latest  and 
imallest  of  the  four  extant  English 
Bound  Churches.  The  W.  door  of 
the  navo  (temp.  Edw.  I.)  is  especialiy 

fxid  iu  its  mooldijtgB  and  details, 
he  whole  ch.  van  restored  in  1852. 

HtiJTKtn  (Kent),  see  Ckiilehurit. 

Haubleton  Hills,  see  Think. 

Hahhill,  se«  YeoviL 

■Tampstead  (MiddiA  The 
N,  London  and  Hampgteud  Junction 
BIt.  has  stations  at  the  Lower  Hoatb, 
and  in  the  Finchley-roitd ;  Itie  Hid- 
laod  Bly,  at  Finchlev-road,  West  End, 
and  CMld'a-hill.  Innt  :\  The  Castle 
(best  known  as  Jack  Straw's  Castie), 
on  the  summit  of  tho  hill,  aa  ex- 
cellent house ;  The  Vale  of  Health 
Hotel,  in  the  hoUow  lo  the  E, ;  The 
Spaniards,  bj  the  lane  leodiDg  to 
lUghgate;  and  The  Bull  and  Bush, 
KorthEnd. 

Hampstead.  &mou8  for  i(a  Heath, 

ri  air,  and  fine  sceaeiy,  lies  N.  by 
of  London,  on  the  outer  edge  of 
the  Metropolitan  boundary,  and  BtimdB 
on  one  ot  uie  highest  hills  lound  Lon- 
don. The  town  occupies  its  southern 
dopes,  the  Heath  its  summit,  443  ft. 
abOTe  the  sea  level.  The  copious 
springs,  for  which  the  place  has  long 
been  noted,  issue  from  me  sides  of  the 
hill,  and  in  the  course  of  ages  have 
formed  the  series  of  direrging  chines, 
ot  narrow  valleys,  which  add  so  much 
to  the  charm  and  variety  of  " 
scenery.  Some  of  these  springs 
chalybeate,  the  most  celebrated  of 
this  class  beii^  that  known  as  the 
Wells.  Towards  the  close  of  the  llOi 
cent  thoy  became  noted  for  their 
medicinal  qualities,  and  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  18th  cent,  leapt  into 
sadden  popularity.  Crowds  nocked 
to  Hampstead,  which  became  "  the 
TMort  of  the  wealthy,  the  idle,  and 
the  sickly."  ''Houses  of  entertain- 
ment and  disalHtion  started  up  on  alt 
sides."  The  Weill,  the  old^  and 
long  the  chief  house  of  entertainment, 
stood  on  the  Hill  aide  B,  of  the  vil- 
lage, at  the  comer  of  the  WeU  Walk, 
which  leads  &om  Flask  Walk  to  the 


East  Heath.  The  site  is  marked  by 
the  present  Wells  Tavern,  a  very 
modem  stractuie,  with  its  gronnds  or 
tea-gardens.  The  springs  on  the  B. 
ate  the  sources  of  the  Hampsletul 
Ponds,  and  of  the  Fleet  Biver;  that 
the  W.,  near  the  ch,,  is  the  source 
the  Bayswater  Stream ;  one  birther 
N.,  behiw  the  flagstaff  fomis  the  Leg 
of  Mutton  Pond;  and  others,  still 
farther  round  to  the  N,,  are  among 
the  head-waters  of  the  Brent. 

Hampatead  is  the  most  sylvan  of 
suburban  villagee.  The  groves  and 
vennce  are  still  llourisniiig;  eape> 
daily  delightful  ate  those  about 
Frognal,  Montague  Grove,  the  Grove, 
and  moat  of  all  that  best  known  as 
Judge's  Walk,  with  its  grand  pros- 
pect oTet  Hcndon  and  H^ts,  Harrow 
(hill  and  spire),  and  from  the  extreme 
end,  Windsor  Castle  and  Cooper's 
Hill. 

Hampitead  Heath  (about  240  acres) 
is  an  elevated,  sandy  tract,  occnpying 
the  Bununit  and  northern  slopes  of 
Hampetead  Hill.  It  is  irregular  in 
shape,  the  surface  much  broken, 
and  many  of  the  deeper  valleys  have 
ponds,  some,  like  Leg  of  Mutton  Pond 
on  !the  N.W.,  and  those  by  the  Vale 
of  Health  and  the  Lower  Heath,  of 
oonsiderahle  size.  From  tho  higher 
puts  are  views  of  great  extent,  the 
W.  view,  with  Hairow  in  the  beck- 
ground,  bemg,  perhaps,  the  most  pic- 

KStum,  1 J  m.  S.W.,  of  old  a  hamlet 
of  Hampatesd  parish,  is  now  a  popn- 
!ouB  suburb  of  London  (station  3  m. 
tmm  Euaton-square,  next  to  WiUcsden 
Junction). 

Wetl  End  is  an  outlying  member  of 
Hampstead,  about  }  m.  W.  of  tho 
mother  oh. 

North  Eitd  and  Bovtlt  End  aie,  as 
the  names  imply,  sitnated  some  dis- 
tance N.  and  S.  from  the  village. 
Frognal  is  the  western  side  of  Hamp- 
stesd  village. 


B.  W.  Bl;.,  14j  m.  &am  London. 
The  village  is  situated  on  the  Thames, 
IS  m.  W.  of  Loudon,  and  1  m.  from 
Hampton  Oomt    and  Boshqi  Park. 


BAiSPTON—BAliPTOS  COURT. 


Inns:  The  Bed  Lion,  in  the  centre  of 
the  village ;  Bell,  bj  the  oh,,  in 
&TOur  with  anglers;  Bailway  Hotel, 
by    the   station.    (See   alao    Tkamei 

Oturiek  Villa,  as  it  JB  now  called, 
bnt  which,  whilst  the  great  actor  occn- 
pied  it,  was  known  as  HampUm  Hoate, 
Btands  a  httla  E.  of  the  cIl,  on  banks 
of  the  Thames,  Garrick  Ipntohased 
the  estate  in  17S4,  and  made  it  hia 
oountcT  seat  till  his  death  in  January, 
1779.  It  oontinned  to  be  the  resi- 
dence of  Mrs.  Garrick  for  43  years 
«fter  her  husband's  death,  and  during 
that  time  it  remained,  with  its  con- 
tents, intact  On  her  death,  in  1822, 
the  contents  were  sold  bj  auction,  and 
dispersed. 

The  larcie  white-brick  buUdings 
jnat  beyond  the  village  are  the  pnmp- 
ing  worln^  and  beyond  these  are  the 
filtering  beds,  of  tbe  Grand  Junction, 
Oie  West  Middleaex,  and  the  South- 
wark  and  Vamhall  Waterworks  Com- 
panies, for   supplying  London   with 

Hampton  may  be  considered  the 
headqnartera  of  the  Thames  Angling 
Preservation  Society,  and  here  and  a 
little  higher  up,  on  the  Bmrey  side, 
are  the  ^ponds  and  streamlets  made 
by  the  Thames  Conservancy,  and 
maintained  by  the  Society,  for  batch- 
ing and  rearmg  fiah  ota — chiefly  sal- 
mon, grayling,  and  trout 

Hampton  Itacei,  one  of  the  most 
popular  of  the  "  suburban  gatherings," 
are  held  in  June,  on  Moleiey  Hunt, 
exactly  opposite  Hampton  Ch.,  on  the 
Surrey  side  of  the  Thames.  Tlioro  is 
a  feiry  from  Hampton  to  Molesey 
Hurst,  and  a  bridge  from  Hampton 
Conrt  to  East  Molesey. 

NetB  Hampton,  on  the  N.  extremity 
of  the  parish,  by  Hampton  Hill  and 
the  Hanworth  road,  has  grown  within 
the  last  few  years  into  a  considerable 
Tillage. 

Hifunpton  Court  (Middi.). 
The  L.  ft  a  W.  Ely.  Slat,  for  Hamp- 
ton Court  is  at  East  Molesey,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  tlie  Thames,  but 
within  sight  of  the  Palace.  On  c 
ii^  the  bridge  from  the  station,  lie 
mst  Gate  of  Ounpton  Court,  the  best 


approach  to  the  bnildings,  is  on  the 
ri,  close  to  the  foot  of  the  bridge. 
Innt:  The  Milre,  by  the  bridge,* 
King's  Anns,  by  the  Lion  Gate :  and, 
opposite  it,  the  Greyhound,  by  the 
entrance  to  Boshey  Park, 

"imofoa  Court,  the  palace  of  Wol- 
md  of  Henry  VHI.,  then  of  all 
.  .  sovereigns  in  snooesslon,  fiom 
Edward  VI.  to  George  IL,  and  now, 
by  royal  good  wilt,  a  palace  &ee  to 
the  enjoyment  of  ev^one,  stands  on 
the  1,  bank  of  the  Thames,  midway 
between  Hampton  village  and  Hampton 
Wide,  and  12  m.  W.  &om  Hyde  Park. 

The  State  Apartments  and  Grounds 

e  open  free  to  the  pubUc  ec«rj|  teeek 
day,  except  Friday,  from  10  a.m.  to 
6  F.H.,  from  the  Ist  April  to  the 
30th  September,  and  from  10  till  1 
b^)m  the  1st  of  October  to  the  81st  of 
Mareh.  On  8imday»  the  State  Apart- 
~~ents  are  not  open  tiU  2  f.h. 

Since  the  Palace  ceased  to  be  one 
of  the  royal  residences,  the  private 
apartments  have  been  appropriated  as 
dwellings,  at  the  pleasure  of  ihe  sove- 
reign, for  memben  of  noble  and  dis- 
tinf^shed  families. 


Wolsey's  {Mdace  consisted  of  S  great 
courts,  surrounded  l^  public  and  pri- 
vate rooms,  and  all  the  adjancts  a: 


arohiepisco^l  dignity  and  enjoyment. 
In  1690,  William  HI.  intending  to 
make  the  palace  hia  (iiief  residSiae, 
commissioQed  Sir  ChtlstMiher  Wien 
to  erect  a  new  suite  of  Suite  Apart- 
ments. Wren  demolished  two  of  Wol- 
Bcy's  courts,  and  remodelled  a  third, 
and  erected  the  long  uniform  southern 
and  eastern  fronts,  towards  the  Thames 
and  t)ie  gardens.  The  elevations  are 
imposing  from  their  extent,  and  have 
much  simple  dignity  of  character. 
The  garden  finnt  is  about  330  ft. 
long,  the  river  front  somewhat  less. 

The  best  entrance  to  the  palace  is 
by  the  large  gates,  at  the  fbot  of 
Hampton  Bridge.  Leaving  the  low 
line  of  cavalry  barracks  on  Uie  1.,  yon 
obtain  from  the  Oreeo — the  outer 
court  of  the  ordinal  boilding — an  ex- 
cellent view  of  the  W.  &ont  of  Wol- 
sey's  palace,  periiape  the  finest  and 
most  striking  examine  of  Tndor  pala- 
tial atchitectuie  leil. 


HAMPTON  ConST. 


From  the  Qatebonsa  jou  enter  the 
Wettera  (or  entrance)  Court,  a  fine 
qnadrangle,  167  ft.  bj  IGl  R,  Observe 
here  and  throughont  tbe  old  build- 
ings, the  fine  chimney  shafti.  Directly 
in  front  ia  the  tall  weBtem  ^tehouse, 
with  ita  handsome  oriel.  The  gf>te- 
way  leads  to  the  Middle,  or  Cluck 
Ckmrl,  BO  called  from  the  curious  old 
clock  in  the   highest  store;  of  tbe 

On  the  N.  side  of  this  court  ia  tbe 
Qreat  HaB,  erected  by  Henry  VIII. 
on  the  site  of  Wolsey's  Hall.  It  b  of 
noble  proportions,  being  lOG  ft.  long, 
40  ft.  wide,  and  60  ft.  high.  Entering 
the  hall  from  under  the  dark  Min- 
Btrela'  Gallery,  the  effect  is  very 
Btriking.  High  up,  along  both  eidea 
of  the  noble  room,  range  vide  Tudor 
windows,  filled  with  gaudy  heraldic 
emblazoninga ;  on  the  wnlls  beneath 
them  bang  tapestriea,  £c ;  and  over 
all  bends  tbe  grand  old  open  hammer- 
beam  loof.  Still  finer,  however,  is  the 
e^ct  iDotdng  towaids  tbe  gellery  from 
the  dus,  'llie  windows  furnish  a  tole- 
rably complete  heraldic  study  of  the 
history  of  the  Tudor  king,  and  the 
tapestiy  on  (he  walls  beneath  repre- 
sents in  8  compartments  tbe  principal 
events  of  tbe  life  of  Abraham. 

Beyond  the  hall  is  the  Withdraaing 
Boom,  or  Pretenee  Chamber.  The 
vails  are  hung  with  faded  tapestries. 
Above  them  is  a  aeries  of  7  cartoons, 
in  roouochtome,  by  Carlo  OCgnani. 

The  Chapel  is  not  open  to  visitois, 
except  at  tbe  Smtday  morning  ser- 
vioe,  but  may  be  seen  on  application. 
It  is  small,  but  oharacteristic,  and  has 
a  good  groined  roof. 

The  entrance  to  the  State  Apart- 
Tnmtt  is  under  the  colonnade,  at  the 
8.E.  comet  of  the  Clock  Court  The 
tooaiH  vary  greatly  in  size,  according 
to  the  purposes  for  which  they  were 
designed,  but  generally  they  are  good 
and  characteristic  specimens  of  the 
palatial  architecture  of  the  time.  The 
earvingi  generally  were  exeented  by 
Orinling  Gibbont,  or  under  his  dii 


Mng  Uiblm 
.     Most  of 


then 


r  upholstery  of  the __ 

William  III.,  Anne,  or  George  I. ;  but 
their  chief  attraction  is  the  collection 


of  pieturei,  about  1000  in  number, 
contained  in  them. 

The  King'e  SlaiTca$e,  by  which  the 
Btate  Apartments  are  reached,  is  one 
of  the  best  examples  left  in  this 
connlry  of  the  "grand  staircase," 
which  was  so  important  a  feature  in 
the  palaces  of  the  Louis  XIV.  era, 
with  which  this  is  intended  to  com- 
pete. Before  ascending  the  stAircase, 
observe  the  prodigious  illastratton  of 
the  mural  decoration  of  the  close  of 
the  17th  cent.  The  paintings  by 
Verrio  are  an  amazing  confusion  oif 
mythology  and  chronology. 

The  charming  Gardme  owe  their 
general  form  to  Charles  II.  They 
were  extended  and  remodoUtd  by 
William  III.  and  Queen  Mary.  The 
grounds  have  been  altered,  bat  much 
of  tbe  original  formal  trimness  is  re- 
tained. Tbe  canal,  with  its  bordering 
avenue  of  lime  trees,  three-quarters  of 
a  mile  long,  is  one  of  William's  de- 
vices. Another  is  the  oval  basin  with 
its  fountain  and  gold  fish.  The  two 
fronts  of  Wren's  State  Apartments  are 
seen  to  great  advantage  from  tbe  oval 
basin,  and  so  too,  in  the  opposita  direc- 
tion, are  tbe  three  branching  avenues 
of  which  Hampton  Court  is  so  proud. 


The    ] 


feature.  Tbe  private  garden  may  be 
seen  on  application  to  tbe  gardener, 
who  expects  a  small  fee.  The  Vine 
is  also  to  be  seen  for  a  trifling  pay- 
ment It  was  planted  in  1769,  has  a 
stem  38  inches  in  circumference,  the 
leading  brancii  is  110  ft.  long,  and  it 
bears  on  an  average  1500  bunches. 
Tbe  Boyal  Tennis  Conrt,  N.  of  the 
garden  front,  is  reputed  one  of  the 


ontry. 


^Vt  it  ii 


beyond  It  leads  to  the  Tl 

pleasant   shady    retreat  of  about  II 

acres.    Nearer  tbe  Lion  Gate  is  tbe 

JtfozE,  the  most  popular  spot  in  tbe  . 

grounds   with    holiday    visittffs    and 

children. 

Bu*hey  Park  lies  N.  of  Hampton 
Court.  The  S.  entrance  is  directly 
opposite  the  Lion  Gate  of  Hampton 
Court  Gardens;  the  N.,  or Toddington 
Gale,  is  J  m.  B.  of  the  Teddingtou 
Stat  of  the  L.  ft  8.  W.  Ely.     The 


BANLSr—HJHLECH. 


201 


glory  of  the  pari  is  ils  unrivalled 
tdple  avenne  of  limes  and  horse- 
oliestQtila,  over  a  mile  long ;  the  borse- 
ehestiiuts formingthe  centre,  the limea 
the  aide  linea.  The  flill  Bplendour  of 
the  park  is  only  seen  when  the  horee- 
chestnuts  are  in  tdooin.  The  Right  is 
worth  jonnieying  ftom  Loudon  to  wit- 

Tbe  Lodge,  tha  large  sombre  red- 
briok  house  seen  on  the  I.  of  tbe 
avenue  on  approaching  Teddiagton 
Gate,  is  the  residence  of  the  ranger. 
Tho    park   ia    always   open   to   tl 

Hambtall  Hibwabe,  Bee  fiujeles. 

Hahbtjrt,  Bee  TJttoxeter. 
Hanler  (Stafill— 8tat.  N.  Staff. 
HI;.  (7niu:  Qneen's  Hotel,  the  kkrgest 
in  the  Staffordshire  Potteries ;  Sara- 
cen's Head) — is  a  very  busy  and  dirty 
town,  dependent  equally  on  the  earthen- 
ware and  the  iron  tmde.  Earl  Gran- 
ville's largo  Uiatfuraacei  are  close  to 
the  town. 

Hanwell  (Middlesex).  Stat. 
G.  W.  Hly.  Inns:  King's  Anns; 
Duke's  Head ;  Old  Hats,  on  the  road 
to  Ealing, — garden  and  bowling  green 
(see  Evelyn  Ashley's  'Life  of  Lord 
Falmerslcn,'  vol.  i.  p.  355).  The  town 
lies  on  the  little  river  Brent  and  the 
Uibridgo  road,  S  m,  W.  from  Hyde 
Park  Corner,  The  neighbourhood  is 
green  and  pleasant,  genSjr  nndnl^ng, 
with  tbe  Brent,  a  tiun  stream,  winding 
through  it. 

The  Ch.  (St  Mary)  has  the  tomb  of 
Jonas  Hanway,  who  first  brought  nm- 
brallas  intu  use- 
On  the  1.  of  the  Uxbridge  road, 
nearly  opposite  the  ch.,  but  in  Nor- 
wood pansb,  is  tbe  County  I/aruUii: 
Aeylwn,  generally  known  as  Hanwell 
Asylntn,  an  immense  structure.  The 
average  number  of  inmates  is  about 
1750,  of  whom  nearly  1100  are  females. 

Happisbtibo,  see  Waitham. 

Harbebtoh,  see  Totnet. 

Habbledowm,  see  Canterbun/. 

Habbornb,  see  Birmingham. 

Habbottle,  see  Bolilmry. 

Habdwick  Hall,  see  MamfieH. 

Habswioke  Hall,  see  Darlington. 

HarecMstle  (Staif.)-Stat.  N. 
Staff.  Blf .  (Inn :  Hareoastle)-^  close 


to  the  famous  tmiiifl  made  by  Brindley 
on  tbe  Grand  I'runk  Canal— 2880 
yards  long.  The  scene  at  the  moath 
is  extremely  picturesque  and  worth 
tbe  lew  minutes'  walk  ^m  the  station. 
2  m.  B.  is  New  Chapel,  whore,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  lived  the  Haimonious 
Blacksmith  of  Handei. 

Habbwood,  see  Harrogate  and 
Leedi. 
Harfobs  Bridqe,  see  DaHmoor, 
Hnrleeh  (Merioneth.),  Slat., 
1  hr.  53  min.  by  rail  &om  Caernarvon ; 
3{  hrs.  from  Xberyatwitb;  and  inclu- 
ded in  L.  A  N.  W.  N.  Wales  New  Cir- 
cnlar  Tour.  Inn»:  Castle  H.;  Blue 
Lion,  unpretending  and  comfortable  : 


theten& 


it  back  c< 


tnda  splendid 


views.  The  chief  attroclion  of 
this  decayed  village  are  the  mins  of 
the  Ciufle — designed  (temp.  Edw.  1.) 
by  tbe  architect  of  Caernarvon  Castle. 
Although  well  worth  carefol  inspec- 
tion, tbe  min  lacks  the  beauty  found  in 
Conway  or  Beamnaris,  and  it  is  alto- 
gether smaller,  ruder,  and  more  simple 
in  plan  than  any  of  the  other  Caer- 
narvonshire castles,  neither  is  it  bo 
well  kept. 

Excurtioai. — To  Tan-y-halch,  10  la. 
About  2  m.  N.  on  rt.,  after  passing 
Morfa  Harlaoh  1.,  ia  Maee^-NeaaM 
(J.  Nanney,  Esq.),  the  grounds  of 
which  oommaud  splendid  views  over 
tlie  Tiaeth  and  the  Snowdon  range. 
About  I  m.  to  1.  of  the  high  road  is 
tbe  village  of  lAanvihangel-ij-  Trajan, 
in  the  ch.-yd.  of  which  observe  curious 
rade  stona  with  an  inscription  of  tho 
I2th  cent.  6j  va.  further  on,  on  rt.,  is 
the  glen  of  the  little  river  Rhydfiich,  up 
which  a  path  of  1  m.  leada  to  the 
waterfall  of  Rhaiadr  Du  (the  Black 
Cataract),  a  little  above  which  ib  tbe 
Baven  Fall ;  the  path,  however,  being 
difficult  to  find  it  is  better  to  visit  tbem 
with  a  guide  from  Maentwrog,  close 
to  Tan-j-bwlch.  From  the  falls,  the 
tourist  may  either  return  to  high  road, 
and  proceed  1  j  m.  through  the  lovely 
illaee  of  Maentwrog  to  Tan-y-bwlch, 
■  follow  a  bridle-petli  1.  past  ilyn  Teo- 
yn  and  the  village  of  lAradecuiyn, 
I  Harlech,  a  district  most  interesting 
for  tbe  scenery,  as  also  for  tbe  fishing 
and  geology.   A  little  below  the  village 


id  nnotlicr  lake,  Llya  Itnf,  ueu'  tbe 
foot  of  Mount  DiphwyB,  irom  which 
latter  ia  a  splendid  view  of  the  pro- 
montory of  Lleyn,  Bay  of  Cardigan, 
Oadei  Idris  and  other  monatains.  At 
Dipleays  is  a  respectable  hotel,  the 
Queen's;  hence  the  pedeetiian  may 
alao  make  hia  way  rt.  tn  the  village  of 
Trawtfynydd,  on  the  Dolgellcy  road. 

To  Cam  Bychan,  5  m.  The  ridge 
oC  bills  immediately  behind  the  town 
must  be  crossed  into  the  Llanbedr 
road;  a  road  nma  straight  up  the  hill, 
OQ  eummit  of  which  is  a  bridle-path  1., 
which  isJie,  aa  it  is  a  short  cut  into  the 
glen  of  (he  Artto,  of  which  Cwm  By- 
chan is  the  Bouroe.  A  different  route, 
longer  by  2}  m.,  may  be  taken  by  pro- 
ceeding 8.  from  Harlech  3  m.  to  vil- 
lage of  Llanbedr,  whence  the  rt.  bank 
of  tbe  Artro  must  be  fallowed  about 
4)  m.  to  its  source  in  the  lake ;  at  1 
m.  the  river  is  joined  by  tbe  Nant-col ; 
lience  tbe  road  winds  by  a  lovely 
valley  at  foot  of  the  Bhinag  Vawr,  to 
DobifTheicidiog,  the  "  rooty  meadow," 
a  solitary  maosion,  tbe  furthest  point 


liraotioable  for  oara ;  a  little  higher  up, 
it  concealed  by 
,  ia   Cv 


I  abrupt 
the  Talloy,  ia  Cwm  Bychan,  finely 
situated  in  a  narrow  wild  glen.  Tower- 
ing above  it  is  the  precipitous  rock 
Crai()-v-)Sae(fi"lherookof  tbe  arrow," 
a  capital  landmark  for  the  pedeBtriao. 
To  BarmoufftlOm.  About  J  m.  8.  is 
the  Cmile  of  Muriau  Gwyddelod ;  and 
i  m.  further  on  ilaty'atr,  the  Cft.  of 
which  has  some  good  stained  glass. 
About  }  m.  to  the  rt.,  close  to  tbe  sea- 
sboie.  is  the  ruined  Gh.  of  Lhrndaimg, 
the  interior  of  which  is  stllL  worth  a 
visit.  About  1  m.  S.  of  the  ch.  is  a 
tongue  of  land  colled  Moehrai,  which 
conohologisls  shoold  visit  for  the  sake 
of  tbe  rare  and  beaatiibl  sholU  to  be 
found  there ;  Mocbras  may  also  be 
conveniently  visited  by  takmg  rail  to 
Pentam  Station,  whence  it  is  1}  m. 
distant  1)  m.  bi^ond  Llanfur,  on 
tbe  banks  of  tbe  Artro,  is  tbe  pretty 
little  wood-embosomed  village  of 
UanbedT,  next  to  Tal-y-llyn  tbe  best 
flshii^  station  in  Bterionetli;  the 
Victoria  here  Is 

and  better  suited . 

exploration  of   Qlyn  Artro  and  the 


In  the  village,  near  tbe  road, 
urions  pillar  stones,  and  lying 
them  a  maenhlr  of  great  in- 
terest, inscribed  with  (^bem  cha- 
racters.  1  m.  further  on,  on  the  flat  to 

I  rt.,  are  tbe  scanty  tracea  of  Gmem- 
„  apel,  said  to  be  one  of  the  earliest 
of  British  churches :  on  the  rising 
ground  to  tbe  1.  of  the  road  is  a  crom- 
lech ;  vrithin  the  next  2  miles  there 
leas  than  6  cromlecha,  some  of 
which  are  connected  with  the  name  of 
Arthur.  On  the  slopes  of  Llether,  1  m. 
beyond  Gwem-y-oapel,  is  Llaneaddwyn 
Ch.,  close  to  Th/ffryn  Station,  and  J  m. 
fuitlier  on  the  (A.  of  Llanddvrmiie, 
opposite  which  a  long  Btroigbt  lime 
avenue  leads  to  CoreygedU  (E.  F. 
Coulson,  Esq.),  tbe  old  fomily  seat  of 
tbe  Vaughana ;  the  oldest  of  tbe  dates 
on  the  house  ia  1576,  and  the  ceiling 
of  Uie  great  hall  ia  said  to  be  not  later 
than  Hen.  VUI.j  there  is  still  pre- 
served some  furniture  of  Griffith  Van- 
ghan  (I61h  cent.),  including  a  bed- 
stead taken  from  one  of  the  wrecked 
Amada  squadrons ;  tbe  gate-bouse  is 
said  to  be  a  design  by  Inigo  Jones,  as 
is  also  tbe  Corsygedol  Chapel  in  the 
parish   ch,     Noar    Llanddwywe    the 

3r  Ytgeikin  flows  into  the  sea,  and 

y  be   followed  np  for  about  3  m. 

Llyn  Irddyn.  2  m.  above  Llyn 
Irddyn  is  the  fine  Llyn  Bodlyn.  situ- 
ated under  tbe  crags  of  Diphwys,  tbe 
highest  point  of  Uawlech  (1900  ft.); 
not  far  off  is  the  small  pool  of  Llyn 
DuZyn,  with  good  Ashing,  and  the  finest 
of  the  group  with  regard  to  scenery. 
A  stDgular  and  prominent  feature  iu 
all  the  see  views  in  this  district  ia  Sam 
Badrig,  or  SL  Patrick's  Causeway,  a 
narrow  ridge  of  rook  and  pebble,  24  ft. 
broad,  and  extending  21  m.  from  tbe 
shore,  of  which  more  than  9  m.  are  left 
dry  at  ebb-tide.  I^  m.  beyond  Llan- 
ddwywe, on  rt,  is  the  small  sea-side 
Ch.  of  Llanaber,  with  ils  exquisite 
interior;  2  m.  further  oa,  BaTmoulk. 
All  the  points  of  interest  in  the  above 
excursion  may  he  conveniently  visited 

DWoiwa*.— Tan-y-bwlch  by  rail,  by 
Penrhyn  Deudrneth  June.,  53  min. ; 
PortoMidoo  i  br. — them  is  also  a 
dangetoiu  fury  about  2  m.  across  to  a 


IIASLOW—HASROOATE. 


poiat  atiout  1  m.  below  Portnuuioa.' 
the  tourist  mnst  inqnire  oboni  the 
fide;  Criocietli,  40  min.;  Pwllheli, 
1  hr. ;  Dolgelley,  1  hr.  5  min. ;  Aber- 
dovev,  1  br.  10  min. 

Harlow  CKbsci),  Stat,  (f  ni.> 
at  B.  Bly.,  6  m.  from  Bp.'e  Stortford. 
Itm:  The  George.  An  o!d  market 
town.  The  old  FariA  Ch.  was  rebuilt 
in  1709.  Some  brasBea  from  tbe  older 
febric  ars  preserved  in  it.  The  font 
in  St  John-*  Ch.  (bnilt  1839-1842) 
bears  an  inscription  which  nay  be 
read  from  eilbeT  end.  The  old  manor' 
bonse  of  Harlow  Bury,  1  m.  &om  the 
ch.,  was  a  seat  of  the  Abbots  of  Bt. 
Edmundsbury.  A  bam  near  it  was 
the  chapel,  and  contuns  some  ancient 

2^  m.  N.E.  ia  Doien  HaR  (Sir 
Henry  Belwin-Ibbetson,  M.P,),  a  large 
modem  house  in  a  pretty  park.  ehieSy 
Mmatkable  as  the  dte  of  the  bouse 
bolongin^  to  tbe  poet  and  diplomatist 
Matthew  Prior.  ^  rudely  framed 
arm-chaiT,  tbe  favODiite  seat  of  Prior, 
said  to  have  belonged  to  an  abbot  of 
Sacomhe,  is  preserved  in  tie  hall. 

H&RNHAK.  see  Sali^mry. 

Harroirate  (Yorksh.),  199  m. 
from  London,  Gt.  N.  Bly.  Tbe  rEutway 
station  ;iB  midway  between  High  and 
Low  Harrogate :  the  former,  rt.,  on 
entering;  the  latter,  1.  Railways  to 
York ;  to  I-eedfl  ;  by  Tadeaster  to  the 
Gt.  N.  Stat,  at  Clmrcb  Fenton ;  to 
Pateley  Bridge ;  and  by  Ripon  to  North' 
allerton.  Inns .-  of  the  first  class,  are 
(id  Bigh  Harrogate)  the  Granby; 
Prince  of  Wales;  Queen;  (in  Lorn 
Harrogate)  tbe  Prospect,  and  the 
Crown.  Others,  sotaewbat  inferior, 
but  still  good,  ate  (High  Harrogate} 
Boyal;  Clarendon;  and  Gasooigne's; 
(Low  Harrogate)  White  Hart;  Well- 
ington ;   Binns's  ;  Adei^dii ;   George'; 

Lodgings  are  to  be  bad  in  all  direc- 
tions. The  season  continues  from 
the  middle  of  summer  to  the  end  of 


Few  places  are  more  conveniently 
situated  than  Hamate,  or  aflbrd 
many  facilities  for  mteiesting  eic 
sions.    The  land  declines  E.,  W.,  and 
N.,  from  its  highest  point  (near 


railway  station).  The  general  oleva- . 
tion  is  about  300  ft.  The  climate  is 
dry  and  bracing,  owing  partly  to  this 
elevation,  and  partly  to  the  open  cha- 
racter of  tba  ground,  which  formerly 
was  a  wild  common.  Flantattons  have 
been  made  in  various  directions,  but 
the  greater  part  oC  High  Harrogate 
stiU  remains  open ;  200  acres  were,  by 
Act  of  Parliament,  obltuned  m  1770  for 
dividing  and  enclosing  the  wasto,  re- 
served "  to  lie  for  ever  open  and  unen- 
closed." They  form  a  large  grass 
plateau,  termed  tbe  "  Stray,"  8.  of  the 
railway  statiOQ— a  first-rate  place  for 
horse-exercise.  The  scenery  in  tbe 
immediate  neighbourhood  is  pleasant 
»ried,  though  not  very  piotu- 
,  ;  and  in  lEirrogate  itself  tha 
chin  resources  are  tbe  promenades, 
the  pnmp-rooms,  and  the  balls  given 
occasionally  at  Uie  different  hotels. 

The  first  spa  was  accidentally  dis- 
covered by  Sir  William  Slingaby,  abont 
the  year  1596,  and  was  the  first  dis- 
covered  in    England.     Sir   William 
caused  the  spring  to  be  protected ;  its 
fiime  increased,  and  many  remarkable 
ire  recorded  ss   effected  by  it 
1632.    About   2S   springs   are 
town,  and  are  available  by  the 

C'  lie.  All  are  solphareoos  and  chaly- 
te,  and  nearly  all  are  in  Low 
Harrogate.  They  have  been  thus 
arranged  :— 

1.  Strong  Sulphur  Watert.  —  The 
Old  Well;  the  Montpellier  Stroi^ 
Sulphur  Well. 

2.  Mild  Sulpltw  WaUn.—Ol  these 
tliere  are  17  springs:  13  in  Lower 
Harrogate,  1  at  Starbeok,  3  at  Harlow 

3.  Saline  Chalybealei.—Ia  tbe  Hont- 
pollier    and    the    Boyal   Cheltenham 

4.  Pure  Ckal]fimile». — 2  on  the  Com- 
mon, High  Harrogate ;  1  at  Starfaeck  ; 
1  at  Harlow  Car. 

The  Bulpbureons  waters  are  most 
useful  in  cases  of  indigestion,  and  in 
all  biliary  nervous  disorders,  as  well 
as  in  diseases  of  tbe  skin.  Tbe  cbft' 
lybeates  are  alterative  and  bracing. 
None,  of  course,  should  be  taken  with' 
out  medical  advice. 

The  Earloie  Car  swings,  abont  1  m. 


2M 


BABUOGATt:  ■ 


W.  of  HBTTOgate,  amid  pleaSEuit  wood- 
land Bceneiy,  vera  diacoTeied  in  1 840. 

The  nateta  are  used  for  batliB  as 
well  aa  for  drinking.  In  1832,  the 
VlctoriB  Batha.  near  the  Town  Hall, 
were  built.  Tbere  aw  othera  iu  tlie 
Montpellier  Gardens,  at  Statbeck,  and 
at  Barlow  Car.  A  "Bath  Hoepital," 
for  the  relief  of  poor  patients,  wiia 
founded  in  1S31.  and  Ib  mainly  sup- 
ported hy  voluntary  contributians. 

H^rroKate  contfuns,  of  couise,  uo 
(uoiont  buildings,  l^e  most  import- 
ant promenade  and  pamp-rocou  is  the 
BojbI  Choltcnham  (Low  Harrogate). 
opened  in  1835.  Pleasant  gardens  ara 
attached  to  it. 

WdUa  from  Harrogate  may  be  taken 
to  Birk  Crag,  about  1  m.  6.,  a  nenow 
valley,  about  }  m.  in  length,  wild  and 
pictureeque,  with  rocky  sidea;  to  Har- 
low Car,  somewhat  B.  of  Birk  Crag, 
on  the  road  to  Otley.  There  is  an 
hotel,  with  agreeable  groundB.  Har- 
Zow  Tourer.  1  m.  W.,  was  built  on 
Harlow  HiU,  in  1829.  Its  height  is 
100  it,,  and  from  its  summit  a  magnifi- 
cent view  is  obtained.  Longer  walks 
may  be  token  to  Almia»  Cliff  at  Bigton, 
5  m.  8.W.,  a  gritstone  ciag,  crowning 
a  hill  716  ft.  high,  from  whence  wide 
Tiews  are  obtained.  The  groands  of 
Plurapltm  (belonging  to  the  Earl  of 
Harewood),  t  m.  8.E.,  are  eitenaiTe 
and  beautiful.  They  are  opi^  to 
Tidtors.  Knart4boro<igk  (3  m.,  and 
10  min.  by  roll)  is  also  wittiin  walking 
distance. 

Many  interesting  places  are  within 
long  daj^a  ezcuriuma  hota  Harrogate. 
The  most  important  are — 

R&sloa  Htdl  (J.  D.  Dent,  Esq.) 
(5  m.),  fejnoiw  as  the  place  where  the 
"Bil»ton  pippin"  was  first  grown. 
The  original  tiee  is  still  alive.  The 
collection  of  pines  and  firs  in  tbe 
grounds  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  N. 
of  England.  Tke  gardens  and  chapel 
are  open  on  Twtdaye.  21  m.  S.E.  of 
Eibaton  Park,  on  the  I.  bank  of  the 
Nidd,  is  Coictkorpe,  where  the  largest 
oak  in  England  still  eiista.  It  stands 
on  a  crolt  adjoining  a  fhrmhouse  near 
Cowthorpe  Ch, 

Harewood  (8  m,  by  road).  Tlie 
booae  and  grounds  (open   on  Thurs- 


days), the  remains  of  the  castle  and 
the  ch.,  are  here  to  be  seen.  Haie- 
wood  is  1  ra.  1,  of  the  Arthinglon  sta- 
tion on  the  Leeds  Kly.  (see  LetiU). 

Otley  and  Oileg  CKevin,  whence  is  a 
magnificent  view,  lie  4  m.  rt.  of  the 
Arfliirgton  atalion,  whence  a  branch 
railway  runs  through  Otley  to  Ilkley. 
Near  Otle^  is  Farnley  Hall,  with  iU 
fine  oollecLion  of  Turner  drawings. 

Bolton  Priory  (see  Hkley)  and  the 

Wharfe  are  sometimes  visited  A«m 
Harro^te.  The  drive  (16  m.)  across 
what  is  called  the  "Forest  Hoor"  is 
a  somewhat  dreary  one,  but  cummanda 
fine  views. 

Btntey  Btat  (1  m.).  The  Ch.  and 
the  Gardeni  of  iitpley  CaMe  are  here 
the  points  of  interest.  The  Ch.  is 
Dec. ;  see,  at  B.  end  of  nave,  effigies 
of  Sir  Thos.  Ingilby  (temp.  Edw.  III.) 
and  wife.  Riptey  CattU  (Sir  Wm. 
Ingilby)  is  not  shown.  The  gardens 
alone  are  open  on  Fridays,  and  are 
worth  a  visit. 

fliJHHi  (Cathedral),  11  ro.,andFo«n- 
taint  Abbey,  3  m.  B.  of  it,  are  easily 
reached  by  railway  (see  Bipon). 

Hackfall,  7  m.  from  Eipon  by  road, 
IB  well  worth  a  day's  excursion.  The 
woods  (entrance  fee,  6d.)  are  roost  pic- 
turesque (see  Bipon^ 

Aldboroagk  and  Borougkbridge,  10 
m.  At  Al<iborough  arc  the  remains  of 
a  most  important  Boman  station  (see 
Ym-ft). 

SpoffMh  (5  m.,  on  the  Wetherby 
&  Todoaeter  Bly.),  where  lhei«  are 
the  considerable  remains  of  Bpofforth 
Castla. 

Paleley  Bridge  (14  m.  by  tailway). 
Jnns;  the  King's  Arms;  the  Crown. 
This  JB  an  excellent  centre  from  which 
to  explore  Nidderdale  and  the  wild 
country  towards  the  Wharfe.  Brim- 
ham  Bocki,  2  m.  N.  of  the  Daere 
StaL.  and  9  m.  from  Harrogate,  are 
ea^ty  accessible  and  well  worth  in- 
spection. These  huge  masses  of 
millstone-grit,  curiously  weathered, 
covered  iH  summer  with  ferns  and 
flowers,  and  scattered  over  a  wide 
moorland  plateau,  are  said  to  have 
BU^^ested  to  the  late  Sir  Jos.  Faxton 
his  plan  for  the  celebrated  Bock 
Garden  at  Cbatswortb.    Close  to  the 


HABnOW-ON-THE-BILL-EABTLEFOOL. 


209 


town  IB  BeaerUy  (Jolin  YoAe,  Esq.). 
Tiie  g;H>uiids  ore  open  on  Tuesdays 
aiid  ThursddyB  (Ca.  is  charged  for 
each  persons. 

Leeda  and  KirkiUiU  Abbey  are  ac- 
cessible by  rail. 

Harrow  -  on  -  the  -  Hill 
(Middlesex).  Slat.,  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely., 
li  m.  N.  of  the  town.  Jntw;  King's 
Heud  Hotel,  Higli-street ;  Railway 
Hotel,  by  the  station;  the  Mitre,  on 
the  S.  slope  of  the  hill,  belongs  locally 
to  Sudbury. 

Haiiow  is  famoliB  for  its  ch.,  its  hill, 
and  the  piospecta  from  it.  and.  above 
all.  for  its  school.  It  is  sitaated  10  ta. 
N.W.  from  London  by  road.  Harrow 
Hill  risei^  abrupt  and  isolated,  Bome 
2U0  ft.  from  Uie  plain,  and,  with  the 
Bpire  of  the  ch.  which  crowns  its  aum- 
luil,  is  a  conspiououB  and  pleasing 
feature  in  the  landscape  formaDymiles 
on  every  side. 

The  Ch.  (St.  Mary,  restored)  stands 
on  the  brow  of  the  bill.  It  was  founded 
byAbp.Lonfrano.temp.Wni.l.,butlhe 
only  portion  of  his  building  remaining 
is  the  lower  psit  of  the  tower,  the  W. 
entrance  of  which  has  the  round  Nonn. 
arch,  with  chevron  mouldings.  It  has 
some  noteworthy  bra»ie$. 

The  prospect  seen  li«m  the  terrace 
outside  the  ch.-yd.,  and  Stota  roof  of 
tower,  is  really  very  fine. 

Hamm  School  was  founded,  in  157 
by  John  LyoD,  yeoman,  of  Preston, 
hamlet  of  Harrow,    Tlie  school  has 
long     outgrown    Lyon's    stipulations, 
and  taken  a  foremost  rank  among  tli  - 
"  Eight  Great  Schools  "  ot  England. 

The  School  Buildiiigi  are  immed 
ately  S.  of  thecli. 

Greenhill  lies  between  Harrow  town 
and  the  railway  station. 

Sadbury    adjoins   Harrow   on    t 
S.K ;  at  its  eastern  end  is  a  station 
the  L.  ft  N.  W.  Bly,    From  Sudbury 
there  ore  pleasant  walks — on  the  one 
hand  to  Wembley  (pii(),  on  the  other 
to  Perivale  and  Greenford. 

Barrow  Wfold  is  the  broad  level 
tract  N.  of  Harrow,  extending  from 
Harrow  Station  to  Stanmore, 

Pinner  (Slat.,  L.  &  N.  W.  Rly.,  IJ 
m.  N.E.  of  the  village)  is  nearly  S 
N.W.  of  Harrow  by  road,  but  nee 


by  the  fields.  On  the  N.  side  of  the 
-  -  '■■  street  is  a  long,  low,  old  country 
,  tlie  Queens  Head,  an  excellent 
specimen  of  its  class,  bearing  date 
ITO.'i,  and  no  doubt  a  genuine  relic  of 
Queen  Anne's  time. 

Pinner  Green  is  a  sort  of  hamlet, 
i  m.  N.  of  the  villnge. 

Close  to  Pinner  railway  station  are 
the  Cammtreial  Travellerl'  SchooU, 
fbundedl845. 

Wembley  is  a  hamlet  2}  m.  S.E.  of 
Harrow,  and  J  m.  N.E.  of  the  Sudbury 
station  of  the  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely. 

Wembley  Hill  is  celebrated  tor  the 

Srospects  trom  its  summit.  The  Green 
fan,  vrith  its  gardens,  on  the  top  of 
the  hill,  is  much  frequented  by  holi- 
day parties  and  for  trade  dinners. 
The  walks  by  the  lanes  from  Wembley 
Hill  to  Eingsbury,  the  Hyde,  and 
Hendon,  or  Whitchurch, '  are  very 
pleasant. 

HabtbDrn,  see  Morpdh. 

Hartlnirton  (Derby.)  is  an 
extensive  parish,  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  banks  ofthe  Dove. lOm.  N.N. W. 
from  Athboume,  and  9i  ra.  8.W.  from 
BakevieU  Stats.  Inn  .•  Chns.  Cotton, 
comfortable.  It  is  an  admirable  sta- 
tion for  tbe  angler,  tourist,  or  arcluBo- 
logist  The  Cft.  CSLGUes'),  cruciform, 
contains  curious  paintings  of  the  em- 
blems of  the  12  tribes.  Visit  Arow 
here  the  pretty  village  and  ch.  of 
Sheen,  2  m, ;  Langnor,  3  m.  further 
on ;  and.  crossing  the  Dove  at  Glutton 
Bridge,  enter  the  pass  of  GlalUnt  Dale, 
near  the  village  of  Earl  StemdaU, 
5  m.  &om  Buxton. 

Aze  Edge,  at  N.E.  extremity,  is  tbe 
highest  of  tbe  High  Peak  range,  being 
1750  d.  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Near  GoyI  bridge,  4J  m.  N.W.  from 
BtKcion,  the  conndea  of  Derby,  Che- 
shire, and  Stafford  meet. 

HABTI.ASD,  see  Bidefurd. 

Hartlepool  (Durham),  Stat, 
1}  br.  by  railway  from  Newcastle; 
IJ  hr.  from  Darlington ;  li  hr.  from 
Durham.  Inni:  Eailwsy  Hotel; 
King's  Head.  The  town  is  situated 
on  a  peninsula,  and  separated  by 
an  inlet  forming  the  harbour,  which 
is  crossed  near  its  mouth  by  a  ferry, 
tioni   Weit  Sartltepool  (Ima   Gallon's 


HAMTLEPOOL. 


Boyal  Hotel,  close  to  the  sta- 
tim).  Facing  the  barbonr  is  a.  fine 
embankiaent,  the  sole  rom&ins  of  the 
aodent  fordficatians  of  the  town, 
which  affords  an  ^reeable  -walk,  pre- 
sentillg  fine  views  of  coast  and 
eepeciall;  at  high  water.  la  this 
a  nat«r-gate  leading  from  High-i 
to  the  b^ich  ia  in  very  good  pree 
tinn.  The  atch  ia  about  S  ft.  wide, 
and  streDgtheaed  b;  an  angular  bastion 
on  each  aide.  The  oid  Pier  U  150  ft. 
lone :  a  Dew  one,  650  ft.,  has  been  car- 
ried out  from  the;  Heagh,  the  headland 
on  the  E.  of  the  town,  where  is  also  a 
lighthouse  58  ft.  high.  From  Southgate- 
lireet  ia  approachwl  St.  Milda't  Ch., 
finely  situated  at  the  E.  eitrenaity  of 
the  town,  and  overlookiiig  a  wide  ex- 
panse of  see,  and  a  wild  country  backed 
ty  the  Yorkshire  hills,  among  which  ia 
otsvipicuous  the  blue  anmmit  of  Bosc' 
berry  Topping.  The  magnificent  8. 
doorway  «f  lato  Norm.,  now  covered 
in  by  a  porch,  is  the  only  relic  of 
the  original  church,  temp.  BiohBtd  1. 
There  is  a  dugnlar  braaa  to  "  Jane 
Ball,"  and  in  ch.-yd.  several  quaint 
epitaphs.  The  Toon  Moot  is  a 
iavourite  reeott,  bordered  by  rained 
walla  and  nigged  yellow  clifis.  On 
that  part  known  as  the  Far  JYeld, 
foundations  of  a  chapel  (about  1200), 
dedicated  to  St.  Helen,  have  been  dis- 
coyeied.  TTio  Fairy  Cacet  are  artifi- 
cial eicaiatiooa  oomrauaicating  with 
each  other  a  little  above  the  shore.  Im. 
8.  of  the  harbour,  is  iS£ranton,lwhere 
the  Ch.  of  All  BainU  ia  more  harmo- 
nious than  most  Durham  churches. 
The  chancel  has  stalls,  aod  in  N.  aisle 
ia  the  figure  of  J.  Bellasys  (1610) 
rising  from  the  tomb.  4  m.  N.W. 
of  town  is  Hart,  where  ia  the  Ck. 
ot  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  of  Norm,  foun- 
dation. Part  of  tower  and  chancel 
arch  are  Norm.  On  outer  S.  wall  of 
ehancel  ia  a  curious  bsa-relief  of  St. 
George  and  the  Dragon.  The  octa- 
gonal font  ia  carved  with  statues  of 
saints,  &c.  There  is  a  striking  view 
looking  l>aok  over  Hartlepool. 

i(W!ttr«oiw.— About  3  m.  S.  (20  min, 
by  raU)  is  Switon  Corew(Inn.-  Crown), 
a  small  bathing .  place  with  heautiful 
aauds  6  m.  in  length,  and  fine  views  of 


,  .  .  remains  of 
fortifications  bnilt  16C7i  between  this 
and  Hartlepool  are  remains  of  a  sub- 
merged forest.  5  min.  further  by  rail 
ia  Greafham  station,  |  m.  rt.  of  which 
is  the  Hotpilal  of  God,  St.  Mary,  and 
St.  GuthleH  (date  1272),  end  rebuilt 
(180a-9)  from  tho  deaigus  of  Wyalt. 
In  the  Ctiapel  are  tliree  old  grey 
gravcEtones,  relics  of  the  original 
building.  BiUiitghatn  with  its  Ch., 
8  min.  further  by  rail,  and  Wynyard 
Park,  about  3  m.  N.W.  of  it,  mM- 
also  be  visited  (see  Sloektonj.  'to 
Coille  Eden  (7  m.),  20  min.  by  rail, 
i  \a.  I  n(  which  is  Caitle  Edm  Ball 
(Mrs.  Bordon);  here  is  preserved  Uie 
cup  of  the  last  abbot  of  Bury,  and  an 
Anglo-Saxon  drinking  vessel  found 
wi&  a  human  skeleton  in  1802.  Traoea 
of  a  Saxon  village  are  still  to  be  seen 
in  a  field  half-way  between  the  Hall  M 
and  Harden.  Near  the  boose  is  tie 
entranoe  to  Ca»tle  Eden  Bene,  ac- 
cess to  which  is  had  only  by  special 
permission,  which  well  deserves  a 
visit.  It  ia  a  ravine  thick  with  yew, 
ash,  &a,.  intermiied  with  rocks,  nar- 
rowing in  parts  till  it  is  [overhung;  at 
the  upper  end  the  finest  of  these  pre- 
rhongs  a  chasm,  in  which 


tlie  climber  will  find  himself  ii..  .. 

row  cleft  through  wliich  the  stream 
worksite  way  at  a  great  depth.  Above 
tho  pool  "(Robt.)  Brucea  Ladder" 
ascends  by  a  narrow  lodgo  in  the  cliff 
and  through  a  chasm  tashoUon.  IJ  m. 
rt.  from  the  mouth  of  the  Dene  are 
the  Blacl^uill  Boeki  on  the  sea-coast, 
scooped  into  caverns  (one  150  ft. 
long)  or  standing  in  grotesque  isolated 
mDSses.  1ml,  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Dene  is  the  JtTay  Stack,  once  a  fine 
natural  arch,  the  top  of  which  is  now 
fallen  in.  From  Castle  Eden  the 
tourist  may  proceed  5  m.  b;  road, 
passing  at  2  m.  the  Blade  BuU  Inn 
at  Shotton,  to  Eaeingtoa;  or  rail  of 
17  min.  may  be  taken  to  Uaswoll 
Stat,,  from  whicti  the  village  ia  2  m. 
The  Ch.  of  St.  Mary,  restored  1S52,  and 


SAB  WICH— BASTINGS. 


chancel  rebuilt  imder  flardwicfte,  is  in- 
teresting. ObsBrve  the  lo%  and  original 
tiuiber  roof  and  K-E.  window  of  five 
tigblH  with  atmned  glass  b;  O'Connor ; 
the  carved  seata  are  temp.  ChMles  I. 
In  Teatr;  are  a  cop;  of  Solemn  Leagoe 
and  Covenant,  and  an  old  helmet  of 
one  of  the  Conyers.  N,  of  the  Ch.  is  the 
Rectory  Hoam,  a  building  of  great 
antiqnily,  with  traces  of  a  tower  and 
of  a  large  bull  with  pointed  arches  at 
the  end.  A  little  N,  of  the  house  is  a 
deserted  oratory  with  a  large  W,  window 
nnder  pointed  arch.  IJm.S.  ofEasing- 
ton,  on  the  edge  of  a  Uttle  glen  celled 
Thorp^  Dene,  is  the  small  but  interefit- 
iag  Borden  SaU  (about  1600).  On  the 
S.  is  the  projecting  porch  with  heavy 
round  pillars,  and  mullioned  window 
above.  Over  the  door  is  the  shield  of 
Chfis.  Conyors,  temp.  Eliiabetb;  in- 
side is  a  fine  old  staircase  and  a  re- 
markable chimney-piece.  About  1  m. 
N.  of  Eaaingtonis  the  beautiful  Haie- 

.  thorns  Bene    (see    fiunderfand).     To 

I  StockUm  by  rail,  40  min. 

Habishill,  see  Stdke-on-Treni. 
Harwicb  (Essex),  Stat,  GL  E. 
Kly-.  69i  m.  from  London,  vi&  Man- 
ningtree  Jnnc.  Steamers  three  times 
a  week  in  snamer  months,  and  daily 
during  height  of  excmsion  season, 
between  Lraidon,  Harwich  (about  7 
hours),  and  Jpstotcfi,  calling  at  Clarion 
and  WaUon.  Inni :  "  Great  Eastern 
H.,  situated  on  the  Quay ;  Pier  Hotel, 
also  on  the  Quay.  An  ancient  seaport 
and  borough,  built  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Stour  and  Orwell,  on  a  small 
peninsula.  The  streets  are  very  nar- 
row and  old-fasliioned  looking.  Its 
barbonr  is  the  best  on  the  £■  coast  of 
ligland,  and  during  easterly  gales  it 
is  not  unusual  to  see  niore  than  400 
vessels,  many  of  large  tonnage,  shel- 
tered within  it.  Septaria,  or  Cemeid 
Stones  from  the  London  clay,  in  re- 
quest fox  making  cement,  are  dredged 
up  from  the  harbour  and  the  bottom 
of  the  sea.  A  stone  breakwater,  400 
yards  long,  has  been  run  out  from 
Beacon  cliff  (port),  in  order  to  remedy 
the  advance  of  the  shingle-beach  on 
the  E.  of  the  harbour,  which  en- 
croached at  the  rote  of  13  yards  a 
jeor,  and  blocked  up  the  best  entrance. 


Steamers  in  connection  with  the  Gl. 
East.  Rly.j  Oimpany  leave  Harwich 
three  times  a  week  tor  Kotterdam,  and 
three  tiroes  a  week  (Sundays  excepted) 
for  Antwerp,  and  daily  during  tourist 

The  esplanade  to  the  8.B.  of  the 
town  forms  an  agreeable  walk,  eitend- 
ing  to  Beacon  Bill.  At  this  point  a 
pathway  1.  leads  to  Dotiercourt  (see 
below).  Landguard  Fort,  on  a  spit  of 
land  now  joined  to  the  Suffolk  coast, 
was  bnilt  in  the  reign  of  James  L  OT 
kite  years  the  fbrt  has  been  much 
strengthened.  A  steamer  runs  three 
times  daily,  and  more  frequently  du- 
ring the  summer,  between  Harwich 
and  Ipimch,  I  hr.  The  river  Orwell, 
which  is  thus  ascended,  displays  some 
of  the  prettiest  Bcenecy  in  the  eastern 
counties. 

A  steam  ferry  plies  between  Harwich 
Pier  and  Walton  Ferry,  on  the  oppo- 
site aide  of  the  Harbour,  whence  it  is 
2  m.  to  FdixstOKe  (see  Iptunek).  For 
places  lying  E.  of  Harwich  see  Jfan- 


Booeroonrt,  6 


,  Stat.  at.  E,  Ely.,  forma 
a  suburb  ol  Saraich.  Iran:  •*Ciiff 
Hotel;  Queen's  Head;  Violoria,  near 
tbe  station.  Omnibus  runs  between 
Cliff  Hotel  and  Harwich  Pier.  An 
agreeable  watering-phtce.  The  beach 
is  of  firm  sand,  and  affords  good 
bathing.  There  is  a  terrace  of  good 
houses  (many  of  them  lodging-houses) 
overlooking  a  wide  stretch  rf  sea  bo- 
tween  Harwich  and  Walton-on-the- 
Naze,  16  m.  by  road ;  a  carriage  drive 
along  tbe  cliif;  and  an  esplM^de,  on 
which  are  reading  and  refreshment 
rooms,  and  the  "Dovercourt  Spa,"  a 
mild  tonic  and  stomachic,  containing 
carbonate  and  aulpliala  of  lime,  mag- 
nesia and  oxide  of  iron.  The  Gh.  is  in 
Tipper  Dovercourt,  about  1  m.  from  the 
lower  village,  or  Neie  T<mn  as  it  Is 

iw  designated. 

JHLiUtllDrg  (Sussex).  Stat  L.  B. 
&  8,  C.  Riy.,  and  8.  E.  Ely.,  74  m. 
irom  London.  Inni :  '•  Queen's ;  Al- 
bion, East  Parade;  Boya)  Harine, 
Pel  ham-place ;    Castie,    m    the    old 


val«  Hotel;  Vanglmn'B  South  Saxon. 
Tliis  is  by  far  tlie  most  picturesquely 

situated  waleriog-plaoe  on  the  coast 
of  Sugaei.  The  old  town  fills  up 
one  of  the  narrow  Talleys  that  hero 
open  in  the  sand  rock  toward  the 
sea.  The  climate  of  Haalinga  varies 
greatly  owing  to  the  situation  of  the 
town.  The  old  (own,  and  all  the  lower 
ran^  of  lionses  reaching  as  far  aa 
Pelham-place,are  thoroughly  gheltersd 
from  the  N.  and  E.,  and  well  suited  for 
invalids  during  the  winter  and  spring. 
The  higher  parte  of  the  town  enjoy  a 
climate  Sa  more  bracing,  but  still 
milder  than  that  of  the  East  Kent 
watering-plaeefl.  There  is  a  fine 
beach  and  a  pleasant  Esplanade,  with 
eood  houses  trontiug  the  sea  for  2  m. 
The  CailU  is  the  Srst  point  of  interest 
in  Hastings.  Ita  aren,  now  laid  out  as 
a  pleasure  ground,  covers  tlie  extreme 
point  of  tlie  W.  cliff.  A  small  pay- 
ment is  required  from  viaitors.  On 
the  E.  side  are  fragments  of  three  semi- 
oirculai  lowerH,  W.,  a  circular  and 
square  tower  both  remain,  still  of  con- 
siderable height.  The  most  interest- 
ing remains,  however,  are  those  of  the 
Castle  Chapel,  which  are  Tr.-Norm. 

An  excellent  view  of  tlie  old  town  is 
gained  trom  the  E.  cliff,  as  well  as 
from  the  magnificent  pier,  900  fl.  long, 
with  Pavilion  and  an  open  and  covered 
rink  at  end  of  it.  FiistHilaaa  hatha. 
Aquarium,  reading  rooms,  &c.,  have 
been  erected  near  the  Pier.  The 
Churches  of  Hastings  ore  uninterest- 
ing ;  that  of  AU  S<ii:it«  (restored,  1870) 
stands  picturesquely  at  the  entrance 
to  the  old  town,  h;  the  old  London 
road,  and  is  mainly  Ferp..  as  is  that 
of  St.  Clemenes,  in  the  High-street. 

St.  Leonard' t-on-Sea,  the  Bel- 
gravia  of  Eaatina;a,  now  stretches  in 
an  uninterruptea  lino  of  terraces  of 
handsome  houses,  facing  the  sea.  bora 
Eastings  W.,  to  the  Junction  Station 
of  the  London  and  Brighton  Itl?.,  a 
distance  of  about  2  m.  The  best 
bouses  are  in  Everafi^il-pUute.  the 
Marina,  aod  Warrior-iqnaTe.  Thu 
prindpol  Churehet  at  St.  Leonard's 
are  Chritl  Ch.,  in  London-road,  a  very 
handsome  new  building  erected  at  a 
cost  of  25,000i.  (scats  all  free) ;    St. 


Patil's  (seats  all  free),  with  a  beautiful 
pulpit,  reredos,  and  stained  glass 
windows;  8t.  Mary  Magdalene,  on 
B.  side  of  Warrior-square ;  and  St. 
John's,  Upper  Maae-hil!.  Tliere  are 
also  beautiful  pleasure  gardens  anti 
archery  ground.  Tbeneighbourhoodof 
Hastings  is  rich  in  charming  waits ; 
and  dnves  and  railway  excursions 
may  be  made  to  embrace  a  great  part 
of  East  Suaeei. 

FoWa.— Over  the  B.  hill  to  Eedea- 
bourae  (1  m.),  where  a,  picturesque 
valley  opens  on  the  sea.  Continne  the 
walk,  2  m.,  to  Fairlighl  Glen  and  The 
Lmerg  Seat  (3  m.  E.  from  the  Albert 
Clock  Tower),  returning  by  the  Drip- 
■oiag  We&.  due  N.  of  the  Glen ;  thence 
by  the  fields  and  main  road.  The 
iiovct^  Seat  is  a  ledge  of  rock  at  the 
Glen  (I.),  high  up  in  the  face  of  Iho 
cliff,  overlooking  the  sea  B.  of  the 
Glen.  It  owes  ita  name  to  the  stolen 
interviewfl  of  the  Captain  of  a  revenue 
cutter  with  a  Kentish  heiress.  Those 
who  do  not  object  to  rough  walking 
over  pebbles  and  boulders  may  keep 
along  the  shore  either  going  to  or 
returning  from  Ecclesboume  and  Fair- 
light  Glen. 

Behind  Fairlight  Church  (2  m.  N.E. 
from  Hastings),  stretches  up  FairiiglA 
Howa,  599  ft.,  the  highest  ground  in 
this  pitrt  of  SuaNZ. 

IViDei  — OowJcurrf  C/mrcft,  6  m. 
N.W.  It  stands  pleasantly  in  a  valley 
surrounded  by  trees.  In  Uie  cb.-yd.  is 
a  nohle  yew  of  unknown  antiquity, 
27  ft.  in  circumference  at  4  ft.  from 
the  ground.  S.  of  the  church  are  the 
remains  of  an  ancient  manor-house  of 
late  E.-E,  character, 

A  longer  drive  may  be  taken  to 
fftnc/teZwa  (Stat.),  9  m.  N.B.,  by 
QufS&ing  (4  m.)  and  IcIAetham.  At 
P«i(,  1  m.  S.E.  of  Gneatling,  is  a  very 
handsome  church,  erected  in  memory 
of  Mrs.  Yonng,  the  wife  of  the  incum- 
bent. Henoe  a  road  leads  over  Chick 
Hill,  with  a  wide  view,  to  Clig  End, 
the  solitude  of  which  is  striking, 
and  the  scene  wild  and  picturesque. 
Longer  excursions  may  be  made  to 
Hunhttonixax  Catlle,  14  m.  (see  BaO- 
iham),  and  Ij  m.  from  Povcnst^y  Stat. 

To  Bodiam  Caetle,  12  ra.,  a  distance 


HASTINGS— BaTFIBLD. 


209 


trhioh  will  be  slightly  iocresBed  bj 
taking  Brede  and  Northiam  in  the 
way.  4  m.  N.  of  Brede,  remark,  rt., 
the  Well  Route,  aa  old  tinibered  build- 
ing, dating  from  the  middle  of  the 
letli  cent.  Bodiam  Gaede,  3  m.  N.W. 
of  Northiam,  stands  on  a  slope  abore 
the  Bother.  It  is  highly  picturesque, 
though  a.  mere  shell,  and  ia  Burrounded 
by  a  deep  moat  filled  with  wat«r.  It  is 
nearly  squEire,  with  a  round  lower  at 
each  angle  ;  and  sqnare  towers  in  the 
centre  of  each  side  except  the  N., 
where  ia  the  great  gateway.  Within 
■    I   of    hall,    kitchen. 


court  in  the  centre.  On  the  N.  side 
nay  be  heard  a  remarkable  echo. 
Bodiam  CAurcA,  J  m.  distant  on  the 
top  of  the  hill,  deserves  mention  only 
on  account  of  the  beaaty  of  its  situa- 
tion and  view.  The  return  to  Hustinga 
should  be  through  SedUtcomhe,  where 
ii  an  B.-E.  Oh.,  with  some  Perp.  addi- 
tions. The  font  cover  (Perp.)  de- 
serves notice.  It  is  6  m.  thence  to  St. 
Leonard's.  Other  Eacarviora  may  be 
made  to  Battle  Abbey,  S  m. ;  Bexhill, 
3  m,;  Catafleld,  3  m.  ftom  Battle, 
where  is  Noimanhurst  Court,  the 
beautiful  leBidence  of  Mr.  Brasaey, 
H.F.  Tickets  to  view  the  mansion 
and  nounds  on  Ttieidapa  may  be  ob- 
tains at  Dorman's  Library,  St.  Leo- 
nard's.   Etcbiogham  (alat-l  Cft.,  14  m. 

H»tllel«I :  or,  UiMtkop'M 
HaMleld  (Herts).  Slat.  Gt.  N. 
Ely.  The  town  is  situated  on  the 
North-road.  20  m.  from  London,  7  m. 
W.  of  Hertford,  and  5  m.  E.  (branch 
rIy.,ihr.)ofSt.  Alban'e,  /«iur.- Salis- 
bury Arms.  opp.  Ch.  and  entrance  to 
the  Park:  RedLion.North-road.  This 
ia  a  quiet,  old-feshioned  place,  lying 
iJoDg  a  liUl-side,  overshadowed  by  the 
towers  and  oaks  of  Hatfield  House. 

The  Chvrck,  St.  Etheldreda  (re- 
stored 1S72),  is,  after  8t  Alban's  Al>- 
bey  Ch.,  the  largest  in  the  county. 
It  datea  iiom  Norm,  times ;  but  the 
only  fragment  left  of  the  original  bnild- 
'    a  late  Norm,  arch  in  the  S.  tran- 


Cecil.  Earl  of  SalJabury  (d.  1CI2),  the 
builder  of  Hatfield  House,  whose 
stately  monument  occupies  its  E.  end. 
The  chapel  on  the  S.  side  ofthe  chancel, 
known  aa  the  Broehet  Chapd,  haa  been 
readied  at  the  cost  of  Ur.  Wynu 
Elhs.  Brocket  Hall  stands  on  the  Lea, 
just  beyond  Lemsford  Mills,  2^  m.  N. 


completed  by  his  son.  Sir  Penistoa 
Lamb,  Bart,,  created  (1776)  Baron, 
and  (17S0)  Viscount  Melbourne.  It 
is  a  large  and  stately  structure  of  four 
storeys.  In  front  of  it  the  Lea  spreads 
out  BO  aa  to  form  a  brood  sheet  of 
water,  crossed  a  little  higher  by  a 
stone  bridge  of  three  arches,  which 
serves  as  the  approach  to  the  hall. 
The  park  is  varied  in  aur&ce.  aSbrda 
some  good  views,  and  contains  some 
flue  trees.  Bmcket  HaU  haa  the  dis- 
tinction ot  having  been  successively 
the  residence  of  two  Primo  Ministers 
—Lord  Melbourne,  who  died  here, 
November  24,   1848,  and  Lord  Pal- 

Batfietd  Houie,  the  '  magnificent 
Jacobean  mansion  of  the  Marquis  of 
Salisbury,  sCanda  in  a  line  park  im- 
mediately E.  of  Hatfield  town.  In  the 
year  llOS,  when  the  Abbey  of  Ely 
waa  erected  into  a  bishopric,  Hatfield 
became  on  episcopal  residence,  and  a 
sumptuous  palace  was  built  there.  Ia 
13SS  the  manor  woa  conveyed  to 
Henry  Vni.  by  Thomas  Goodrich, 
Bp.  of  Ely,  in  eichange  tor  lands  in 
Cambridge,  Essex,  and  Norfolk,  and 
the  palace  became  a  royal  abode.  It 
was  the  favourite  residence  at  various 
times  of  four  English  sovereigns — 
HeniT  VIII.,  Edward  YL,  Elizabeth, 

In  1607,  James  I.  preferring  Theo- 
balds, a  more  magnibcent  house,  be- 
longing to  Lord  Salisbury,  offered  him 
Hatfieul  in  exchange,  and  built  him  a 


e  of  tl 


ne,  the  larger  pwt  of 


1611 ;  but  Lord  Salisbury  was  already 
in  ill  health,  and  died  in  May  of  the 
following  year.  James  I.  paid  an  early 
visit  to  I^tfield  House,  and  his  slate 


210  HATS 

bedroom  ie  religioDsl;  preserved  with ' 
its  sumptuous  original  fiimitme  intact. 

B;  a  simple  gateway,  near  the  I'ariah 
Oil.,  you  enter  the  court  of  the  Old 
Palaie,  in  which  Q.  Elizabeth  reaided 
whoD  she  was  summoned  to  reign  on 
her  sister's  death.  Of  this  the  old 
Hull  of  icd  brich  remaina,  now  con- 
verted into  a  stable. 

The  adjacent  West  or  Privy  Gar- 
den, Ml  almost  uoiqne  and  happily 
unimpaired  example  of  the  Jocobain 
pleBSore  garden,  waa  laid  out  by 
James  I.,  who  planted  tbe  four  mul- 
berry tiees  still  growing  in  its  tbor 
comeia.  It  is  onl;  about  150  It.  square. 
Ou  the  S.E.  and  N.  aidea  are  avenuee 
of  limes. 

Uatfleld  House  a  in  plan  a  paral- 
leli^ram,  280  ft.  lon^,  and  TO  ft.  wide, 
witli^  on  the  S.,  a  pnncipal  front,  two 
wings,  each  prrgecting  100  ft.  and 
80  ft.  wide ;  and  forming,  with  the 
centre,  three  sides  of  a  court,  140  fC 
long.  This  S,  front  is  very  noble. 
The  wings  are  connected  by  a  centre, 
Italian  Benatssonce  in  choracler,  of 
two  orders,  with  a  Iiighly  enridied 
Blizabetban  central  gate  tower  and 
stepped  giiblea.  The  central  tower,  in 
which  is  the  elaborate  entrance  porch, 
projects  boldly,  and  is  70  ft.  high.  A 
clocb  turret  with  a  cupoZa  crowns  the 
whole.  The  N.  &ont,  though  lees 
ornate,  is  large  in  style  and  very 
effective. 

The  state  roomj  are  stately  and 
superb ;  aa  a  whde,  perhaps,  the  finest 
remaining  examples  of  their  class  and 
time.  The  HaU,  or,  as  it  is  aometimes 
called,  tiie  Marble  Hall,  is  a  apacioos 
and  lofty  room,  50  ft.  by  30  ft.  At 
the  lower  end  is  a  massive  carved 
screen,  overlaid  with  heraldic  bear- 
inga :  the  walls  are  wainscoted  with 


9  in.,  of  five  landings,  has  massive 
carved  haiuBters.  Ontho  walls  are  por- 
traits of  the  Cecils.  Observe  the  open 
work  wicket-gate  on  tbe  fint  landing, 
put  there,  as  it  is  supposed,  to  prevent 
the  dogs  from  intruding  into  the  state 
apartments  above. 

Tbe  Long  GaUery  is  striking  from 
its  unusual   proportions,    16B  ft.  by 


20  It.,  and  16  ft.  high.  It  has  a  floor 
of  dark  oak,  and  grotesque  panelling 
on  the  walls. 

King  JameisBoom,  originally  the 
"  Great  Ohamber,"  at  tbe  ¥,.  end  of 
the  gallery,  is  a  saperb  room.  59  ft. 
by  27  ft  6  in.,  and  21  ft.  hi%h,  gor- 

SBous  in  carving,  gold  and  colour,  and 
ghted  by  three  tall  oriels.  The  great 
feature  or  the  room  is  the  grand  i3iim- 
ney-piece,  12  ft.  wide,  of  coloured 
marbles.  Under  the  Long  Gallery, 
and  of  the  same  size,  is  tbe  Annoary, 
containing  many  interesting  suits  of 

At  the  W.  end  of  the  gallery  ia  the 
lAbrary,  a  room  corresponding  in  size 
and  plan  to  King  James's  Boom,  at  the 
K  end.  Tbe  room  is  a  noble  one,  and 
well  fitted,  but  ita  great  attraction  is 
the  fine  collection  of  printed  books; 
MS8.,  and  state  papers. 

Other  state  rooms  are  the  Smmner 
Dining-room,  under  King  Jamea'a 
Eoom ;  the  Winter  Dining-rnom,  con- 
taining many  curious  and  interesting 
portraits;  and  the  Draieiag-room 
connected  with  it.  Tbe  Chapel  con- 
tains King  James's  organ,  in  a  very 
rich  case,  and  has  an  unusualtj  fine 

;EiJntod  window  of  Flemish  work, 
'he  whole  of  the  ground-floor  of  the 
E.  wing  is  occupied  by  private  apart- 
ments. Most  of  tbe  pnncipal  rooms 
contain  portraits  of  members  of  tlie 
Salisbury  family,  and  of  personages  of 
historic  fiune. 

Near  the  house  are  a  liding-achool 
and  a  tennis-court,  both  large  build- 
ings. 

The  gardens  and  grounds  abont  the 
house  are  laid  out  with  great  taste, 
and  kept  in  perfect  order. 

The  park,  the  finest  in  the  county, 
is  of  great  extent,  undnlating,*wiUi 
the  Lea  flowing  through  it  on  Uka  N., 
and  abonnding  in  noble  trees.  Some 
of  tlje  trees  are  famous.  The  Lion 
Oak,  near  the  house,  is  over  30  ft.  in 
girth,  of  most  venerable  antiquity, 
and  though  dilapidated  (rcnn  age,  stQl 
verdant.  More  famous,  however,  la 
Queen  Elizabeth's  Oak,  by  the  avenue, 
—Hatfield  Park  is  cele&ated  for  its 
avenues — leading  towarda  the  kitchen- 
garden,  vineyard,  and  river  Lea.   The 


SATEEESAOB—BA  WAltDEN. 


211 


aveuuo  leads  by  the  gaideaer'B  lodge  to 
tlie  Vineyard,  which  ia  very  carefully 
kept,  and.  curioua  as  almost  tlie  last  uf 
its  age  remaining.  B^ond  it  are 
equallj'  ooriouB  yew-hedgeB,  and  a 
delightful  terrace  by  tbe  Lea,  here 
crotBed  by  a  Gothic  bridge  of  recent 
erection. 

IIatheoleioh,  se&  Torrinqton. 

Until eFsmee  (Derby .\  12  m. 
from  Sheffield  Stat.  Mid.  and  Gt.  N. 
Elys.  (Inn:  Goorge)— is  a  little  town 
in  a  charming  situatinn,  about  1  m, 
from  the  Derwent,  and  suironnded  by 
wooded  bjlla  and  moors.  The  popu- 
lation is  pricoipally  engaged  in  the 
□cedle  factory.  The  Ck.  ia  Dec.,  and 
was  restored  by  Batterfimld.  It  has  a 
clerestory,  square  three-staged  tower, 
and  octagonal  spire.  The  stained - 
glass  is  very  good.  Opposite  the  porch 
are  two  stones  markinB;  the  grave  of 
lAUle  Jokjt,  Robin  Hood's  trusty 
friend.  He  is  supposed  to  have  lived 
in  a  thatched  cottage  close  to  the 
church.  On  tbe  hUl  to  tbe  E.  (Hather- 
sage  Mountain)  is  a  fine  British  fortifi- 
cation called  C&rTg  Wark.  The  vallum 
(17  fl.  thick)  has  a  gateway  on  the  S. 
There  are  etotwt  (possibly  Draidica!) 
on  Higgar  Tor,  a  Uttle  to  iLo  N., 
and  a  magnificent  view  over  Kiudor- 
scout,  Lose  and  Win  Hills,  Tray  Cliff 
and  Mam   Tor,  and   the    Yorkshire 

Exeursione, — 2  m.  io  MyDiatn  Bridge 
(CA.  at  Bamford  by  Butterlield),  and 
np  tbe  vale  of  Dement,  which  rises 
some  dozen  miles  away  in  the  moors. 
6J  m.  fioia  Hathersage  is  AeKopfon 
(Sn^e  inn),  at  the  junction  of  the 
Ashop  and  Derwent,  a  good  point  to 
visit  Derwent  Edge,  on  which  ore  the 
Salt  Cellar  and  the  Cofea  of  Bread 
(between  Sm.  and  4  m-l.to^merwith 
the  Boekbraina  on  Stanage  {Idgc. 

Excursion  to  Beaachieff  Abbey  (see 
Sftp^eW— environs),  N. ;  Eyara,  8. 
(see) ;  Ohalmmrth  (see) ;  EaMcm  SaU 

IIatley  Cockatbe,  see  Sandy. 

Hauohmond  Abbey,  see  Sbreviihiry. 

HMverfordweMt  rPem- 
btokeshire).  Stat.  Gt  W.  Kly.,  IJ  hr. 
by  train  from  Caermarthen  Junction. 
Inn:   (Jaatle  Hotel.   Is  picturesquely 


situated  on  the  siope  of  a  hill  ovetlook- 
ingthe  western  Qeddan. 

The  fine  Ch.  of  St.  Xary'i  has  a 
clerestory — a  very  unusual  feature  in 
Welsh  churches.  The  nave  is  re- 
markable for  the  beauty  of  its  roof 
carving.  The  windows  also  are  well 
worth  careful  inspection.  Little  r&- 
mains  of  the  Came,  except  the  keep, 
which  ia  now  the  county  gaol.  An 
omnibna  runs  three  times  a  week 
(Tues.,  Thurs.,  and  Bat.)  to  St.  David't, 
16  m.  The  road  is  bad,  but  the 
scenery  is  very  fine.  5  m.  rt.  is  Kees~ 
Ion  cSwttB,  and  3  m.  hoyocd  So(A 
Catde.  Tl^ence  another  S  m.,  is  tbe 
beautiful  little  village  of  Sd,va,  situ- 
ated in  a  narrow  creek.  A  walk  from 
here  of  S  m.  wilt  bring  the  tonrist  to 
the  city  of  St.  DaaitCs.  An  omnibna 
(dBo  runs  from  Haverfordwest  to  Fi*b- 
gaard.  11  m. 

HAVERDJO-iTTE-BOWEB,  Bee  Bom- 
ford. 

IIawaril<>n  (Flint),  2  m.  &om 
Broughton  Stat.,  21  m,  from  Queen'i 
Ferry  Slat.,  and  7  m.  from  Chester. 
Jnn  .-  Glynne  Arms.  In  the  pic- 
turesque park  of  the  Castle  (Right 
Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  M.P.)  are  the 
keep  and  ruins  of  the  atid«n<  codle,  of 
Edwaidian  age ;  from  the  keep  there 
is  a  fine  view  of  the  Vale  of  Dee.  The 
Ch.,  E.-E.,  haa  some  good  memorial 
windows,  and  ia  in  beautiful  cbunih- 
like  order.  In  the  vioinity  i»  Aston 
HalL  Outside  the  town,  to  the  W.  of 
the  church,  is  TrKeman'i  J3iU,  an  early 
British  post. 

EzeuT»ions,—Mini,  9J  m.  by  Nor- 
llwp.  Passing  1.  the  mining  district 
of  Btiddey  jWbuntaiB,  at  2  m.  N.W. 
is  Ewtoe  CasOe  (13th  cent.)  ;  the  ruins, 
consisting  of  one  semi-round  tower, 
one  square  tower  and  walls,  and  situ- 
ated at  the  head  of  two  lovely  dingles, 
are  difficnlt  to  find,  lieing  sorroanded 
by  dense  underwood.  The  adjoining 
wood  of  Coed  Ealoe  was  the  scene  of 
Henry  H.'sdefeatbyOwainGwyJiedd. 
Close  by  fiows  the  Wepre  Brook,  the 
whole  course  of  which,  from  its  rise  on 
Buckley  Mcnntain  to  its  junction  with 
thoDee.isronianticandpretty.  About 
3  m.  beyond  Ewloe  Castle,  is  tbe  pretW 
village  of  NorOtop;  the  Ch.  of  which 


212 


HA  WESHEAD^BA  TFIELD. 


ie  one  of  the  finest  Perp.  ohnrohea  in 
N.  Wales;  the  tower  (9S  ft.)  should  be 
amended  for  the  view ;  in  the  inteiioi 
il  ezoellent  Btained-glass,  ITth-cent. 
csirjng  under  pulpit ;  and  in  N.  aisle 
fatu:  «tone  efflgiea  to  the  Welsh  prince 
Edwyn,  and  others.  From  Notliiop  it 
is  4i  ra.  to  Flint,  posring  Bryn  Edwyn 
(T.  Lewis,  Esq.)  b;  a  road  affoiding 
TiewB  of  the  expanse  of  the  Dee  es- 
tuary and  opposite  Cheshire  ooaat. 
From  Northop  the  tourist  may  also 
dJTeige  2i  m.  N.W,  to  Moel-y-gaer, 
a  Ter;  perfect  foitifled  British  post, 
on  the  S.   extremity  of  the  Halkin 

ZKttanwi.— Holywell,  11  m.;  Mold, 

Hawes,  see  Northallerton. 

Haveswateb,  see  Penrith. 
HAWEESBimr,  see  Widcwar. 

Hnwkshead  (Lane.)— 3  m. 
from  ftmi*fonStai.,  FnrnesaBIy.,5ni. 
from  Ambleeide,  and  4  m.  to  tlie  Feny 
on  Windermere ;  ( Jnn .-  Bed  Lion) — is 
a  qu^nt  little  town  on  the  banks  of 
Etthwaitt  Water  (good  fishing  ou  Uie 
late,  and  comfortable  quarters  ut  the 
iuu),  and  with  superb  views  of  the 
Ambleside  and  Grasmere  mountains. 
The  Ch.  is  E.  Norm.,  and  contains  an 
albr-tomb  to  the  fatliei  and  mother 
of  Abp.  Sandyi,  who  was  edtjcuted  at 
the  Grammar  School,  as  was  also  Words- 
worth, the  poet  The  Town  Hall  is 
Terycnrions. 

MSxcariion. — }  m.  N.  to  Haalahead 
Ball  (a  farm  house),  once  the  mane 
rial  court  of  the  Abbots  of  Fnmeaa 
irith  good  gateway  aud  mullionec 
windows. 

Hawkstone,  see  Wem. 

Hawdrtv,  see  EMghley, 

Hawthobne  Denb,  see  Sundeiiand. 

Hawtos,  see  Netoark. 

Hat,  see  Wye. 

Kayeit  (Kent),  12  m.  S.K  from 
Lotidon,  2  ni.  S.  bom  the  Bromley 
Stat  of  the  S.  £.  and  L.  C.  ic  D.  Blya. 
Inn !  The  George,  by  the  oh.,  a  (  ' 
house.  To  reach  ^yee,  tofii  1. 
learing  Bromley  Stat,  and  late  the 
lane  on  rt.  before  reaching  Leaves 
Green,  a  pleaaent  lane  oTerhuiig  with 

CloM  by  the  nhnroh  1«  Bayei  Place 


(Edw.  Wilson,  Esq.),  the  roddence 
and  scene  of  the  olosing  days  of  the 
great  Lord  Chatham,  and  the  birth- 
place of  his  illustrious  son,  William 
Pitt. 

Immediately  S.  of  Hayes  is  Bayet 
Common,  of  220  acres,  secnied  to  public 
use,  and  placed  under  the  charge  of  a 
board  of  conservalois,  1 869.  Opening 
Keston  Common,  it  formsabroad 

,  ise,  high  and  breezy,  bordered  by 
goodly  elms  and  beoch,  covered  Ihictly 
with  gorao,  ferns,  Ac.  On  all  sides 
are  wide  prospects  over  Bromley,  Bick- 
ley,  and  Chiselhurst.  and  far  away 
Kent;  and  a  mill  and  groups 
id-tiled  cottages  for  the  stetch- 

Keiton  Common  is  a  prolon^tion  of 
Hayes   Common,  equally   enjoyable, 

more  picturesque,  because  more 
broken  and  varied.     Here  are  the  re- 

]  of  an  eiteosive  encampment, 
long  knonn  as  Cffisar's  Camp,  which 
is  now  generally  held  to  mark  the 
Boman  station,  Notiomagut.  KCaoy 
"  in  remains,  faundatioos  of  build- 
tiles,  broken  pottery,  and  coins 
have  been  found. 

well,  neat  the  eutiance  to  Holm- 
wood  Park,  is  known  as  Cxiat'i  WdL 
The  water  flows  out  coot  and  clear, 
and,  running  along  a  short  winding 
channel,  epreaAa  out  into  the  large 
sheets  of  water  known  as  the  KeiUyn 
Ponds. 

H«yMeld(Derby.)— Stat,  Man. 
Bheff.  &  Line  Bly. — a,  small  town  on 
the  banks  of  the  &ott  depending  on 
its  calico  printing.  The  Ch^  dedicated 
to  St  MatOiew,  is  a  handaune  stone 
edifice,  much  admired  for  the  neat- 
ness of  its  interior ;  was  tehuilt  in  I81S. 
irtn:  The  Boyal  Hotel.  From  liete 
a  special  escursion  should  be  made  to 
the  Kindenront  (1981  ft.),  the  ascent  of 
which  can  be  best  made  from  the  Snake 
Inn.  The  Kinder  Downfall,  waterfall 
about  500  (L,  is  magni&cent  The  geo- 
logist will  meet  with,  in  the  millstone 
grit,  a  deposit  of  travertine,  contain- 
ing impressions  of  leaves,  mosses,  Ac. 
Lunch  at  the  Snake  Inn  at  Ashopton 
(see  Bailienage), 

It  is  4  ro.  to  Gloaspp  (Norfolk  Arms 
Hotel),  the  toed  commanding  fine  pros- 


EA  YLE-BEISTON. 


213 


pecta  all  the  waj ;  and  5  m.  to  Cluipel- 
en-le-Frith,  from  Hayfield. 

HAyle  (ComwaU),  Stat.,  7}  m. 
from  FeDzance.  Ommbiues  to  SI.  Ive* 
(_aee  Penianee),  Inns:  White  Hurt  H. ; 
Steam  Pocket  H.,  od  shore  of  Phil- 
lack  Creek.  The  town,  onoe  reooirned 
for  its  copper  emeltjug,  p<MBesae»  large 
■■-  n  fouMries,  and  camee 


hN.  ottowniflCft.o/PMi 
hung  hj  iomant, 01  eaiidhilla.  The', 
of  St.  Imi  and  its  bay  Erom  Uie  inoutli 
oT  the  river,  is  esceedinglj  beantiful. 
At  8t.  Erth,  1   m.  S..  la  a  verj  old 

Hatles  Absbt,  Bee  Wineheombe. 
Hatlwg  laLiND,  see  Porttntottlh. 
Haynes,  see  AmpthiB. 
Headnotom,  eee  Oxford  (Exctin.) 
Hbadlbss  Cboss,  see  AUjeila: 
Heathfield,  Bee  Mayfi^d. 
Hedi>on-oiJ'The-Wall,    see    NeiD- 

Heuon,  Bee  Evil. 

Hedmb,  Bee  Thamet, 

Heiohab,  see  NoriMcli. 

Heiohing'ton,  Bee  DartingUm. 

HeutSLBT,  Bee  Thirsk. 

JHLelston  (Coniwall),  I2in.  from 
Falmouik,  18  m.  from  Tniro,  and  Eibout 
15  m.  frota  Famanee.  Inm:  'Angel ; 
Star.  An  omnibufl  rung  daily  during 
the  Bmomer  months  at  10.30  from 
the'An^el  E.  to  Lizard  toira,  retumiog 
from  Skewe^B  Hotel  at  4,15.  This 
old  toim  ia  pleasantly  Bitoated  on 
a  liii),  and  ia  geneially  the  atorting 
point  ibi  an  excursion  to  the  Lizard- 
It  has  been  cdebraled,  from  time  im- 
memorial, for  a  feetiTal  on  the  Sth  of 
May,  called  Furry  or  Flora  Day,  whiob 
is  Btill  kept,  though  not  with  tlie  atrict- 
nees  of  former  times.  A  &Tonrite  walk 
ia  to  the  Loe  Pool,  i.  e.  Lalie  Pool 
(^  ns.  to  head  of  ll^e,  2  m.  to  the 
Band-bar  at  the  lower  end.  This  sand- 
bar ia  formed  by  the  action  of  the 
waves,  and  serves  to  keep  back  the 
water  in  the  Loe  Pool,  which  now 
and  aeiain  thltetens  to  overflow  and 
flood  the  lower  part  of  the  town.  The 
bar  has  then  to  be  cut,  with  the  per- 
miswon  of  the  owner  of  Ponroee,  who 
demands  a  fee  of  §d.  on  each  occasion). 
The  woods  of  Penrose  are  the  principal 


mament  of  the  Loe  valley,  uid  aff<«d 
delightful  walk  from  the  bar  to  HeU- 
m.  At  one  spot  the  park  wall  le- 
ims  a  remarkable  echo.  The  little 
seaport  of  PortUecen  Is  1}  m.  from  the 
town,  and  the  same  dlstuice  from  Loe 
of  the  town  lies  the  distriot  of 
rd,  remaikable  fi: 

large  area  of  Strwatm. 

beautiful  rock,  the  boimdajy  of  which 
(about  S  m.  from  Helston)  is  very 
eteoriy  deflued  by  the  growth  of  Iha 
Eriea  vagani,  the  rarest  and  moat 
beautiful  of  tbe  English  heaths.  Tlu 
interior  of  the  district  possesses  Httla 
interest,  but  the  ooost  is  grand  and 
cnriona.  VidtoiB  to  Helatou  commonly 
oonlent  tbemsetveB  with  an  ezoarsion 
to  the  Lizard  Pinnt  about  11  m.,  di- 
verging from  the  direct  road  to  Ky- 
nancaCove  on  W.,  and  returning  home 
by  the  Frying  Pan  at  Cadgewith,  E. 
of  the  Pomt.  For  the  benefit  of  the 
more  fortunate  viator  who  is  able  to 
explore  more  thoroughly  this  most  In- 
teresting  district,  the  rollowing  briel 
description  is  given : — About  5  m.  S. 
of  Helston  is  the  fishing  village  of  Ovn- 
teaUoe,  The  parish  extends  along  tbe 
coast  from  Loe  Pool.  The  Ch.,  a  lovely 
and  picturesque  IS-cent.  atmcture,  u 
close  to  the  sea,  the  solid  rock  forming 
3  waUs  of  the  detached  belfty.  The 
Ck.  of  Cury,  2  m.  N.B.,  has  a  remark- 
able hagioscope.  Proceeding  aloi^ 
the  coast  from  Gnnwalloe,  we  reaim 
1}  m.  Foljea,  a  sandy  oove;  1  m, 
BfHuriaii  Core,  the  descent  to  which 
commands  a  str^ing  view  of  JUuffion 
Island;  1  m.  Sfutlum  Coee,  which 
should  be  visited  at  low  water,  n  m. 
up  the  valley  ia  the  village  of  Jlftttluni, 
with  its  venerable  Perp.  Ch^  worth  a 
visit.]  Theare  to  the  grand  promontory 
of  Pradanaek  Htad,  and  VeUan  Point, 
from  which  the  aliffe  sink  to  a  shel- 
tered recess  called  G^te-graze,  or  Boap 
Sock,  3  m.  Here  the  serpentine  la 
traversed  by  large  veins  of  sttiUita 
(pore  magnesiB),  better  koown  aa 
"French  Cbalk."  The  botanist  may 
find  in  this  valley  Genista  pffoia.  A 
little  beyond  ia  the  bold  headland  of 
the  Sm,  commanding  a  auperb  prol- 
I  pect:  and  i  m.  further  on,  the  fiir 
I  celelwated  Kynance  Cove,  one  of  tbe 


2U 


HELSTON—HENDON. 


wondera  of  the  Conuah  coasL  The 
Berpentine  here  le  beantifully  coloured 
and  veined.  To  be  folly  eipioted,  the 
cove  should  be  viiited  about  the  time 
of  low  water.  The  tomiBt  should  also 
climb  to  the  top  of  Aiparagui  leland, 
end  inspect  the  DeciVt  beUowg  and 
DBrir»  iflroof,  deep  rooky  chasmfl.  The 
Cove  is  Ml  of  intereat  to  the  geologiat 
uid  the  botnuist.  From  here  it  Ls  2  m. 
ia  the  liffhthouses  ou  the  Foiut,  the 
most  Hou&orly  promontory  of  England, 
ptiBgiiig  GaerthiMa'a,  a  lavine  remark- 
able for  its  botanical  rarities ;  Old 
lAiard  Head,  Ptdol  Meadote,  the 
sandy  core  and  flailing  village  of  Fdl- 

C.  and  theuce  lo  the  2  lighthouses, 
point  below  the  lighthouses  is  pro- 
longed at  low  water  lo  a  oolamtiar  rock, 
oalled  the  Bawbte,  From  the  Lizard 
the  visitor  is  recommeuded  to  walk  b; 
tlie'  cliffs  lo  CadgeieiOi,  3  m.  At  lA- 
lard  Town,  Skewes's  hotel  is  clean 
and  comfortable,  and  a  good  lesting- 
place  from  which  to  explore  (be  whole 
of  the  Lizard  district.  After  passing  a 
cove  called  KiBcMen,  the  pedestrian 
will  reach  Famvoae,  or  lAmrd  Cove, 
the  harbour  of  the  parish.  Here  a 
boat  may  he  talcen  to  OadgewiUi  for 
the  purpose  of  eiploring  the  lonely 
caverns,  especially  Banen'i  Hugo  and 
Dolor  ITujjo.  About  J  m,  up  the  val- 
ley is  the  village  of  Landeaednac!!, 
The  Ch.  is  the  most  southerly  in  Eng- 
land. It  has  a  peculiar  hagioscope 
lie  that  at  Oury  (ante)  and  St  Maw- 
gan  (poit).  The  sea-view  from  the 
tower  is  venr  flue.  2}  m.  we  reach 
Cadgeaiih  (Jnn  .■  Star),  a  louautic 
fishing  village,  in  a  pretty  valley,  but 
priueipally  known  for  that  singula) 
pit,  01  amphitheatre,  called  the  Devil'i 
fVjfi'ng  Pan.  Near  are  the  churches 
of  Grade  (containing  monuments  and 
brasses  of  tiie  Ecieeys.  1S22,  &c,}  and 
Buan  Minor,  both  worth  visiting  if 
time  permit.  The  usoal  course  is  to 
return  from  Cadgewith  direct  to  Hel- 
ston,  though  the  scenery  further  B. 
may  well  tempt  the  stranger  to  pro- 
long his  excuiBion.  }  m.  E.  are  the 
grand  rocks  of  Jnnf*  Head,  and  in 
succession,  tbe  valley  of  Folteico  (2  m.), 
CaUeon  Cove,  Katnack  Cone,  Slaek 
Bead  promontory,  to  Covfrack  Cove, 


6  m.  from  Cadgewith,  especially  inte- 
resting to  the  geologist.  The  Tillage, 
too,  is  exceedingly  picturesque.  The 
cove  was  tbe  Bcene  of  the  wreck  of 
tbe  "  Despatch,"  1809,  a  monument  to 
the  olGcers  and  privates  who  perished 
1>eing  erected  in  the  churah  (2  m,  in- 
land) of  St.  Eeneme.  In  the  sea  off 
St.  Keverne  lie  the  dangeroDS  rocks 
the  Mamtnclea.  1  m-  N.  (tf  Nare  Point 
is  St.  ATiihony  in  Meneage,  an  exceed- 
ingly pretty  spot.  Visit  the  Cft.,  which 
is  built  on  the  shore.  Mamuxaa  Ch. 
is  IJ  m.  S.W.  Observe  chancel  roof 
and  S.  doorway,  3  m.  N.W.  ia  St. 
ISaicgan  in  Meneage,  where  the  anti- 
quary should  e:iamine  a  stone  cross, 
some  1500  years  old;  aad  B.  of  the 
village  near  IVefoionrren  (the  mansion, 
built  circ.  1620-iO,  of  Sir  R.  Vyvyan, 
Bart-),  at  a  spot  called  HaUigey,  some 
very  remarkable  mblcrranninc/uiTnfiBrs. 
In  tbe  Ch.,  notice  especially  the  hugi- 
oscopo,  the  Perp.  lower,  and  monument 
toSirB.VyTyan(1696).  Thedislanco 
from  here  to  Helston  is  4  m.  N.W. 
HEHDiaFORD  Gbby,  seo  SuntingAon. 
Hemstone,  see  Totnet. 
Hektock,  see  Tiverton. 
Hgnbubt,  see  .Bristol. 
Hendon  (Middlesex),  7  m. 
N.W.  from  London,  3  m.  N.W.  from 
Hampatcad.  Hendon  Stat.,  on  the 
Midhind  Rly.,  is  I  ra.  N.  by  E.  of  the 
village.  Inn ;  •Greyhounil,  by  the  ch. 
At  the  S.  end  of  the  parish  the  little 
river  Brent  forms  a  large  lake,  the 
Kingsbury  Reservoir  (see  Eing^ry). 
The  country  is  exceedingly  pleasant, 
green,  abundantly  wooded;  the  hills 
affording  very  pleaaant  views,  the  ml- 
leys  many  pretty  field-paths  and  quiet 
shady  lanes. 

Tbe  ch.-yd.  is  of  exceptional  beauty, 
carefully  planted  and  well  kept,  and 
the  view  from  tlie  N.  aide  of  the  old 
ch.-yd.  is  very  hue. 

Oold^r's  Green,  a,  hamlot  of  Hendon, 
lies  along  the  main  road,  midway  bo- 

' 1  Hampstead  and  Hendon.  There 

.  inn,  the  White  Saan,  whose 
garden  is  in  great  favour  with  London 
holiday-makers.  From  the  village 
there  are  pleasant  walks  by  lanes  and 
Seldpaths  on  one  side  lo  Hendon,  or 
tho  Edgwarc-rpad  by  Gntterhedgo  or 


Clitterhoase  Fanna;  on  tlie  other,  to 
Hamratead  Heath  or  Einchley. 

Mia  Hill  is  a  hanilet  and  eccleu- 
sBtical  digtriot  of  HendoD,  bota  vhich 
it  is  abaut  2  m.  N.  The  MiU  Hill 
Stat,  of  the  G.  N.  Kly.  (Edgware  and 
Hiehgate  line)  is  f  n.  8%.  of  the 
Tilbga;  that  of  the  Midland  Bif.  I  im. 
W.  inn.'  King's  Head.  From  the 
BOmmit  of  the  iiill  wide  views  are  ob- 
tained. And  on  all  sides  is  a  pleasant, 
open,  ^reen  country. 

Highvood  Sill  adjoios  the  N.  end 
of  Mill  Hill,  and  eitends  E.  to  Totr 
teridge,  Herts.  It  is  higher,  more 
secluded,  and  more  picturesque  than 

Sxs  EoiwTB,  see  Uaagefm, 

Hentield,  see  SUifaing. 

}Ibhoistbdbt.  see  ChritUihiirA. 

Uenosave,  see  Bun/  8t.  Ecbmaad: 

Henley,  see  Thamei. 

Hbhlby-in-Abdm,  s 
on-Aton. 

Hbmbbabbow,  see  St.  AaUdt. 

Siereford  (Herefordeh.)-  ^^ats., 
at  W,  and  L.  4  N.W.  Elys.  Inm: 
Green  Dragon  H. :  City  Arms :  Mitre ; 
Grejhannd;  Bku^k  Swan.  This  ifl  an 
ancient  city,  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  1.  baii  of  the  Wje,  which  affords 
eioellont  fiahing — splendid  salmon,  Ac, 
—and  good  boating.  The  S/iire-haU, 
in  St.  Owen's-atreet,  was  opened  for 
trials  in  1817.  It  was  built  froai  the 
designs  of  Smirke.  The  portico  is 
after  that  of  the  Temple  of  Theseus. 
at  Athens.  In  front  of  it  is  a  bronze 
statue  of  the  Eight  Hon.  Sir  G.  Corue- 
■wall  Lewis,  H.P.  (d.  1863).  There  is 
a  Free  Ltbrars,  opened  in  1874,  the 
gift  of  Jas.  Eankin,  Esq. 

The  Cafhedral,  restored  b^  Sir  G.  G. 
Scott,  is  one  of  the  meet  interesting 
biiiliings  in  England,  exhibiting  rich 
eiamplBB  of  Norm.,  E.-E.,  and  Dec 
work.  It  was  commenced  by  Bp.  Lo- 
sing (1079-95)  to  replace  on  a  larger 
scale  a  eh.  destroyed  by  the  Welsli. 
The  cathedral  is  entered  on  its  N. 
side  by  an  elaborate  porch  of  two 
stages.  In  a  bay  of  the  S,  aisle  is  a 
Norm,  font,  having  a  dicular  basin  with 
figures  of  the  Apostles  beneath  arches, 
a  lion  projecting  from  each  corner  of 
the  base— an  unasnal  esunple. 


A  magnlflcent  metnllic  «cr«en,palnled 
and  gilt,  separates  the  choir  from  tho 
nave,  one  of  the  largeet  and  most  com- 
plete pieces  of  architectural  wroaght- 
iron  work  mannfactured  in  modem 
times ;  it  was  eiecnted  by  Skidmore, 
troia  designs  by  Seolt.  The  interior 
walls  of  the  central  tower  are  of 
peculiar  oonstnictbn,  and  should  be 
noticed.  From  the  wooden  floor  of  the 
bell-cliamber,  now  coloured  in  blue 
and  gold,  depends  a  superb  oorona  of 
wrought  iron,  also  by  Skidmore. 

The  ChoiT  has  an  unusually  gloomy 
and  solemn  appearance,  occasioned, 
partly  by  the  heavy  Norm,  architec- 
ture, and  partly  from  the  lofty  tran- 
septs, which  prevent  the  admission  of 
light  except  Qom  the  clerestory. 

The  Reredoi  was  designed  by  Got- 
fiRifAilTn^Junior,  as  a  memorial  of  Bir 
Joseph  Bailey,  Bart.,  M.P.  (d,  1850). 
Between  the  5  canopied  compartments 
rise  small  shafts,  supporting  angels 
who  carry  tho  instruments  of  the 
Passion.  The  pierced  lea&ge  at  the 
back  of  the  canopy  is  very  beautiAil. 

The  N.  Traruept,  tho  finest  and  most 
imposing  portion  of  the  cathedral,  was 
bmit  to  receive  the  shrine  of  CantUvpe. 
It  has  been  most  effectively  restored. 
Notice  the  ma^iflcent  and  mipreaaive 
geometriml  window ;  it  is  filled  with 
stained  glass  by  Messrs.  Yardman,  in 
memory  of  Archdeacon  Lone  Freer 
(d.  1863) ;  the  cost  (13001.)  was  raised 
by  BubscriptioDS  of  the  Freemasons  of 
the  county. 

Bp.  Stanbery'i  Chantn)  (1453-1474) 
is  a  good  example  of  noh  Late  Perp. 
The  W.  end  ia  covered  vrith  fitn-tracery, 
and  the  vaulting  is  riohly  groined.  At 
the  angles  of  ute  chapel  are  rety  gio- 
tesqua  capitals. 

The  Lady  Chapel  is  a  beautiful  spe. 
cimen  of  E.  E.,  rebuilt  by  CotHnghavt 
inlSSO. 

The  Audley  Chantry  is  separated 
from  the  Lady  Chapel  by  a  stone 
screen.  It  is  an  excellent  specimen 
of  Late  Perp, 

The  Chapter  Ltbrari/  above  tho 
great  N.  transept  has  been  thoroughly 
restored.  The  library  comiists  of 
nearly  2000  vols.,  including  many  rare 
and  corly-printed  books  and  MSS. 


216 


UEREFOSn—HEETFOSn. 


The  Crypt,  called  (TolootAa,  eitenda 
under  the  whole  of  the  Lady  Chu>el. 
It  is  the  solitory  example,  in  an  Eng- 
lisli  cathedral,  of  a  crjpt  conetruot^ 
after  the  end  of  the  11th  cent.  It 
Gongiata  of  a  nave  and  aJBles  50  ft. 
long,  atid  divided  by  plain  clustered 

On  the  B.  side  of  the  cathedral, 
and  connected  with  it  b;  a  cloister 
109  ft.  long,  the  oeken  beams  of  its 
roof  being  finely  carved,  is  the  College 
of  Vieari  Choral,  a  very  interesting 
quadrangular  building,  with  an  inrier 
cloisler.  It  is  for  the  most  part  Perp,, 
circ.  1172,  Its  BpadouB  haU  was 
erected  by  public  Bubacription  in  1740. 

The  EpiKopal  Palace  atanda  S„  be- 
tween the  cathedi-al  and  the  river, 
and  is  formed  almost  entirely  out  of 
an  ancient  Norm,  hall,  with  pillars  of 

The  CaifU  Green,  a  public  walk 
overlooking  the  river,  fonned,  in  1753, 
on  the  site  of  the  lower  keep  of  the 
caatle  and  commending  plCEising  view 
ig  open  at  all  hours.  In  the  centre 
a  column  GO  ft.  high,  on  an  □nfiniahed 
pedestal,  erected,  1809,  to  commemo- 
rate Lord  Nelson's  victories.  The  lu' 
firmary  adjoins,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Wye. 

All   Sainlf   Cft.  haa    at 
moQuled  by  a  lofty  apire  212  ft.  from 
the  ground.  Some  carved  stalls  in  the 
chancel,  of  16th-cent.  work,  e 
and  well  executed. 

At  the  end  of  the  High  Town  is  a 
fine  specimen  of  a  timbered  house, 
the  only  remaining  portion  of  "  The 
Butcher's  Bow." 

Beyond  it  is  St.  PeUr'n  Ch..  with 
a.  lofty  tower  and  spire  at  the  E. 
eod  of  the  S.  imve  aialo.  There  are 
some  good  ISth^wnt  stalls  in  its 
chancel. 

The  Waterworks  on  Broomy  Hill 
are  a  Ihvouiite  resort  of  pedestrians, 
lu  the  Widemarah  suburb  Bie  the 
ruins  of  the  Black  Frian'  Mrmatlery, 
founded  1276,  with  be  interesting  relic 
of  that  religious  order— an  hexagonal 
preaching-cross  of  cinquefoil  arches, 
open  on  each  side,  and  standing 
flight  of  steps. 

Adjoining  these  r\iina  is  Coaingebti 


So^ilai,  founded  1611,  locally  known 
a"  The  Red  Coat  Hoipital." 
1  m.  W.  on  the  road  to  Brecon  la 
The  White  Cross,"  a  flight  of  steps, 
surmounted  by  an  hexagonal  shaft, 
erected  by  Bp.  Lewis  Cliarlton,  in 
gratitude  for  the  departure  of  the 
black  plague  in  1317,  on  this  sjmt, 
— '-~e  inarketa  had  been  held  during 


Near  Pontrilas  Stat.  (*Sondamore 
Arms  Hotel),  j  hr.  by  rail  fVom  Here- 
'  >rd,  are  most  intereeting  remains  of 
CiBterciiin  monastery. 

Distances.— Ross,  IS  m.  by  rail,  and 
i  m.  by  road ;  Abergaitenny,  22^  m. ; 
GlouceOer,  30i  m. 

B:eme  Mat  CEent.),  Stat., 
L.  C.  &  D.  Rly.,  621  m.  from  London, 
Innt :  Dolphin  H. ;  Pier  H.  This  is 
a  rather  favourite  watering-place,  con- 
taining many  good  houses.  Tlie  sea 
view  is  coo<l,  and  Ihe  country  land- 
ward well  wooded. 

The  village  of  Heme  is  1}  m.  S. 
The  large  ch.  (E.  E.,  Dec,  and  Perp.) 
contains  some  fine  Srassei, 

The  most  interesting  place  to  he 
visited  from  Heme  Bay  ii  the  old 
fortress  of  Reculver,  distant  about  3  m. 
Reculver,  the  ancient  "Bc^lbium," 
waa  the  aislet-fortoess  of  Richborough 
(Butupite)  (see  Sandmcft).  Beculver 
wants  the  impressive  dignity  of  Btcb- 
borough,  ao  much  of  the  walls  having 
been  destn^ed  or  concealed  by  tlie 
soil.  The  S.  and  E.  walla  are  yet 
itanding,  but  much  shattered,  and 
covered  with  ivy  and  boshes. 

Some  distance  from  the  coast,  be- 
tween Whitstable  and  Beculver,  is  the 
Pan  Sand,  or  Pudding-pan  Sock,  from 
which  oyeter-flahere  Iwto  constantly 
dredged  np  great  quantities  of  Samian 

iKstances.— TTftidfoWe  (Stat.),  i  m., 
W. ;  Margate,  llj  n. ;  Canlerbary, 
12  m.  by  road. 

Heuehhofle&i,  see  Loweetoft. 

Hershah,  see  Walloa-on-Thamei. 

H«!rflortl  (Herta.),  Stats,  Gt. 
East,  and  Gt.  North.  Elys.,  27  m.  by 
rail,  and  21  m.  by  road  from  Londou, 
Inn» :  Saliabnry  Arms,  Fore-street ; 
Dimsdale  Arms,  Fore-street ;  While 
Hnit,  JUfkct-placo ;   Green  Prajou, 


HESTFOBD—HMXHAM. 


217 


M^deiiliead-stre«l ;  Railway  Taverns, 
by  the  railway  Btationa. 

Of  the  old  Caatle,  which  vriii  re- 
gardod  aa  a  place  of  imporlance  in 
early  times,  little  is  left  but  an  em- 
battled wall,  Borne  IragmeDts  of  towers, 
aod  a  moDod.  The  mansjoii  standing 
on  its  Bite  is  now  the  residence  5 
Philip  Longmoi^  Esq.,  part  of  it 
being  fitted  as  the  judger  lodgings, 
and  occnpied  b;  Ihem  at  the  assizes. 

There  are  some  noteworthy  monu- 
ments inside  All  Sainta  Gh. 

Chriets  Soipital  School,  the  pre- 
paratory school  for  Chrisfs  Hospital 
(the  Bluecoat)  School,  London,  ib  at 
ihe  E.  end  of  the  town,  on  the  1.  of  the 
road  to  Ware. 

BaUg  Park,  S.E.  oE  the  town,  on 
the  rL  of  the  road  to  Hoddeedon,  the 
seat  of  the  Manjais  Townshend,  is  a 
stately  brick  Btructuie,  erected  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  I. 

Bengeo,  }  m,  N.  of  Hertford,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  high  ground, 
with  tile  Lea  river  below  it  on  tlie  8,, 
and  on  either  side  its  tribntaries,  the 
Bei*  on  the  W.,  and  tbe  Rib  on  the 
E.    Ware  Park  Is  immediateJy  N.E. 

The  old  Ch.  (St  Leonard'n)  is 
reached  from  Hertford  bj  a  pretty 
walk  of  }  m.,  having  the  Lea  on  the 
rt.,  and  on  the  I,  a  high  sandy  bank, 
wood,  and  rabbit  warren.  It  is  now 
only  need  when  there  is  a  bnrial  in 
the  ch.-yd. 

From  Beneeo  old  ch.,  there  is  a 
charming  wait  (2  m.)  across  tbe  Rib, 
and  through  Ware  Park,  to  Ware. 

Bayfor^nvry.  the  seat  tJ  W.  E. 
Baker,  Esq.,  lies  }  m.  nearer  Hertford. 
In  it  are  the  bmous  portraits  (46  in 
number)  of  tbe  members  of  tbe  Kit 
Gat  Clnb,  painted  by  Sir  Godfre; 
Kneller. 

Panihaager,  the  seat  of  Earl  Cow- 
per,  is  in  Hertingford  parish,  about 
%  IB,  W.  of  Hertford.  Cole  Green,  on 
the  8t.  Alton's  and  Hatfield  Sianoh 
of  the  Gt.  North.  RIy.,  is  the  ue 
railway  station,  about  IJ  m.  I , 
charming  walk  through  Panahanger 
Park;  but  the  distance  is  very  little 
farther  irom  the  H^iagfordbuTy  Sta- 
tion, and  the  walk  is  eqnally  beantiful 
through  tlie  otbcr  side  of  the  park,  by 


a  path  nearly  parallel  to  the  Maran, 
liOTe  a  very  pretty  stream. 

Tbe  Drawing-room,  or  Picture  Gal- 
lery, as  it  is  sonetiiaes  called,  in 
which  the  more  important  of  the 
paintings  are  hung,  is  a  noble  and 
richl;  fumiahed  room,  lighted  by  3 
lanterns,  and  a  large  My  window 
from  which  you  ha^e  a  splendid  view 
over  the  t^race  gardens  and  park. 
Other  rooms  contain  good  pictures ; 
but  the  visitor  who  obtains  permission 
to  view  the  pictures,  will  do  well  to  de- 
vote hia  attention  chiefly  to  this.  The 
Italian  mctures,  which  constitute  the 
glor^  of  Panshonger,  are  eiceptionally 
rich  in  tbose  of  the  Florentine  school. 

The  park  is  very  delightful,  finely 
timbered,  undulating,  with  the  pret^ 
Maiau  winding  through  it,  and  below 
tbe  house  expanding  int«  a  lake.  Its 
pridu  is  tbe  famous  Panahanger  Oak, 
which  stands  on  a  broad  lawn,  a  little 
to  tbe  W.  of  the  house,  and  has  been 
figured  In  most  of  the  published  his* 
toriee  of  English  trees. 

Access  to  the  park  (and,  upon  appU- 
c&lion,  to  the  grounds)  is  most  liberally 
accorded;  andpeimissionisveryfreely 
granted  to  see  the  pictures,  whenever 
tbe  rooms  ore  not  actually  occupied  b; 
the  family. 

HKBTmoFOBDBtiBr,  Bfic  Eertford. 

Hest  Bake,  see  Lancaiter. 

Hestok,  see  .Hmiiuloic. 

Hbvbb  Castix,  see  Twiibridge  Wdit. 

Hexham  (Northnmb.),  i  hr. 
by  rail  fr^m  Newcastle,  and  1}  hr. 
from  Carlisle.  Jitns:  White  Hart; 
Black  BaU.  On  the  E.  of  the  Market- 
place is  a  fine  grey  tower  (probably 
temp.  Edw.  HI.),  passing  under  the 
Gothic  orcli  of  which  a  street  called 
Hallgoitb,  leads  to  another  large 
tower  (date  unknown),  called  Moat 
Hall,  notable  for  its  narrow  lights  and 
comioe-hke  range  of  corbels.  On  tbe 
W.  of  Horket-place  is  the  Ahhey  Ch. 
{once  the  Cathedral)  of  SI.  Andrew,  a 
magnificent  specimen  of  E.  E. ;  it  ia 
Burmoimted  by  a  tower  100  ft.  liigh, 
with  an  arcade  of  5  lancets.  It  was 
formerly  cruciform,  but  the  nave  Was 
destroyed  temp.  Edw.  I.  The  cii.  is 
entered  by  door  in  S.  of  the  transept, 
wliicli  is  157  ft,  long,  and  (J6  ft.  Iiigb, 


218  SEX 

and  has  Early  punted  arches;  in 
th«  coDtra  are  the  magnificerit  arches 
which  Bupport  the  lower ;  the  carv- 
ings of  some  of  the  corbeis  are  very 
rich.  In  this  transept  are  coliected 
most  of  the  monmoents  of  the  ch. 
A  few  fragmentB  only  remain  of  the 
fine  screen  of  the  Ogle  shrine,  the 
aJtai-piece  of  which  was  a  most  in- 
teresting triptych  of  the  14th  cent.  On 
the  B.  ia  the  besutiful  oratory  called 
frioT  Eiehar^i  Shrine  (the  founder 
being  reallj  Prior  Lechmao,  1*79-99). 
The  Choir  is  separated  from  the  tten- 
sept  bj  a  riddy-carred  and  painted 
Bood-ecreen  (c.  1500),  and  ia  a  ^ien- 
did  specimen  of  E.  E.,  restored  and 
modernised  1860.  N.  hangs  the  hel. 
met  of  Sir  I.  Fenwich,  killed  at  Mar- 
ston  Moor.  Beneath  the  site  of  the 
onvo  was  discovered  (1726)  a  Saxon 
Cnnd,  part  of  the  original  ch.  built 
by  Wilfrid.  S.  of  the  transept  are 
remains  of  tiie  E,-E.  Chapter  house. 
The  most  perfect  remuins  of  the  mona- 
atery  are  the  Refcotory,  with  an  oak 
ruol,  and  the  Norm.  Abbey  Gateway, 
with  additions  of  temp.  Edw.  II.  W. 
of  the  ch,-yd.  is  a  promenade,  called 
Hie  Seal.  The  eminence  called  "  the 
Priest's  Seat  "has  a  fine  view.  Several 
interesting  Ezamiotu  may  be  made 
from  Heiham— Cll  2*  m.  8.  by  a  path 
requiring  a  guide,  is  The  Queen'i  Caoe. 
Immediately  below  a  farm  near  "  The 
Black  Hill,"isthe  lovely-wooded roo^ 
ravine  of  Deepden,  or  IHpUiTi ;  a  path 
first  rt.,  then  1.,  leads  oyer  a  wild 
stream,  and  up  mossy  Et^>s  to  tlie 
Cave;  a  path  leads  hence  over  Uie 
hills  to  Dilaton  (see  bekw).  (2)  0  m, 
S.,  by  a  bleak  moorland  road,  ia  BJancft- 
iand  {hm :  *  Giewe  Anns),  hidden  in 
the  deep  valley  of  the  Derwent,  The 
YillaKe  is  entsed  hy  an  old  battle- 


larger  building,  of  which  trnces  are 
seen  on  the  E.  It  is  of  stmnge  form, 
running  N.  and  8.— an  immense  tran- 
sept with  choir  at  one  end,  and  tower 
at  the  other.  A  baptisteiy  was  added 
on  8.E.  in  1844.  The  interior  ia  lofty 
and  striking.  N.  of  the  sltv  aie  some 
scdilia,  and  in  front  of  it  two  magni- 
flcont  incised  slabs,  of  a  bisliop  and  of 


a  forester.  In  the  baptistery  is  an- 
other magnifioont  forester's  giavestono. 
The  exonrsloQ  may  be  extended  to 
Sumtamnorth,  1  m.  S.W.  (see  Stan- 
hope). (3)  2  m.  S.  of  Haydou  Bridge 
Suit.  (20  min.)  are  ruins  of  Langleu 
CaetU,  first  mentioned  1365.  1  m.  8.W. 
of  it  ia  Slaward-le-Peel,  a  favourite 
resort  for  pio-nics.  A  path  through 
s  wood  leads  to  a  picturesque  ruined 
fragment  on  a  graasy  platform,  whence 
is  a  lovely  view  down  the  Allen.  3  m. 
further  S.W.  is  the  beftuUfully  sitn- 
ttted  Whitfield  (Blueback  Temperonoe 
Hotel).  WMffidd  Rail  (I.  B.  Ord, 
Esq.),  I78S,  has  soma  fine  pictures; 
in  flie  piyk  ia  the  Honk's  Wood. 

(4)  N.  1  m.,  crossing  the  fine 
bridge,  whence  are  beautiful  views  of 
the  Tyne,  the  spire  of  St.  John  Lee  ia 
seen  above  the  trees.  1  m.  further  N., 
a  little  on  rt.,  is  High  Warden,  on 
the  hill-top  near  which  is  a  circular 
Camp.  IJ  m.  further  N.  is  Uio  quaint 
little  village  of  ffoH.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river  is  the  beautifully  situ- 
ated Fitlunc^  Cran^re.  IJm.fnrUierN. 
is  ChoUer/ord  Stirt.— pretty  scenery 
of  river  and  wood  (13  min.  from  Hex- 
ham). 2  m.  rt.,  on  a  bill,  stands  the 
Chapel  of  St.  Oneald,  near  the  scene  of' 
B  battle  gained  by  that  saint  over  the 
Britons.  From  Barrasford  Stat  may 
be  visited  Haughtan  Cattle,  about 
1  m.  N.W.,  picturesquely  situated  on 
a  wooded  height  above  the  Tyne.  It 
is  a  fine  relic  {temp.  Edw.  I.)  The 
wooded  banks  of  tho  river  (which 
abounds  in  salmon)  are  here  very 
beantifid.  Abont  4  ra.  W.  of  Haugh- 
ton  ate  Ntaivriek  and  CAipcAoie  Ca^« 
(see  BeUingham) :  3  m.  N.E.  of  either 
Haughton  or  Chollerton  is  SioinAume 
OasOe  (D.  Lambton,  Esq.).  (5)  2^  m. 
E.  is  Dildon  (originally  temp.  Hen.  1.). 
interesting  for  its  extreme  beau^,  and 
i\a  connection  with  tiie  last  E^l  of 
Derwentwator.  Below  the  castle,  in  a 
glen  of  indescribable  beauty,  fiowa  the 
sparkling  Devil's  Water.  Near  the 
mins  stwids  the  moderii  mansion  of  W, 
B.Beaumont,  Esq.,  M.P.,  beyond  which 
are  many  beautiful  walks.  Beyond 
the  grounds  aro  (be  woods  of  A^ini- 
borough,  where  the  site  of  an  old  con- 
vent IS  now  occupied  by  DotJand  Park. 


mOEQATE— HINCKLEY. 


Above   thia,    the   DeTil's   Water   ii 

eiOBsed  bj  the  picturesque  Lind^t 
Bridge.  Betneen  Dilston  and  Kuna- 
borough  atanda  the  fine  maagioQ  of 
E!diTB^  Backhouse,  Esq.,  Duke's 
Honae,  and  immodiatelj  beyond  this 
is  a  veiy  Jino  scene  of  wood  and 
water,  in  fact  one  of  the  prettieat  in 
the  district.  Immediately  belon  the 
tocks  is  the  "  Eobbera'  CavB."  IJ  m. 
N.B.  of  Dilston  is  Corbridge  (Ibb.- 
Angel)  -.iheCh-o/St.  Andrea  ia  an- 
cient. At  the  N.B.  corner  of  the  mar- 
ket-place is  a  square  Feel  Tower.  1}  m. 
N.E.  of  Corbndga  is  the  remarkable 
and  picturesque  Aydon  Cattle  (1360- 
1300).  About  4i  m.  B.  of  Corbridge 
ia  the  beautiful  and  secluded  Bywell. 
A  raassrve  machicolati.-d  gate-tower 
remains  of  the  old  Caillf,  of  the 
Baliols  and  Nevilles  (15th  cent.). 
((>)  Most  interesting  antiquarian  ex- 
cursions may  also  be  made  by  taking 
Kiil  lo  Chollerfoid  and  exploring  (a), 
tho  Raman  wall  E.,  to  Newcastle 
(sec),  19  m. ;  or  (6),  following  the  Wall 
W.,  and  Ifliing  the  NorQiumbrian 
Lakea.  This  last  should  on  no  no- 
count  be  omitted. 

HBTSfimoB,  see  Maldon. 

Hetseam,  see  Laneatier. 

HioHAM  Febbers,  see  W^ing- 
borough. 

Hiaa  Beech,  see  Eppiitg  and  Loagh- 

HiOK  Clerk,  see  Werofrury. 

HiQH  CoNiscLnTE,  seo  Darlinglon. 

HiOB  Force,  see  Barnard  Catlie, 

WlgtlKate:  (Middi.),  a  sub- 
tuban  village  on  the  Qt.  North- 
road,  3  m,  from  the  General  Post 
OfBoe  by  road,  4}  m.  from  Kiug's 
Cross  by  the  Gt.  North.  Kly.  (High- 
fi;ate  and  Edtcware  line).  Iniu :  -Gate- 
Souse,  opposite  the  Grammar  School ; 
Wrestlers,  and  Bed  Lion,  at  N.  end 
of  the  town;  Fox  &  Crown,  West 
Hill. 

Htghgate  occupies  the  summit  of 
Hampa^ad'a  "  sister  liill,"  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  two  mttio  Northern  roada 
— tVom  Oifotd-atreet  by  vtay  of  Tot- 
tenham Court-road,  and  lalington 
througti  Holloway — tlie  summit  being 
reached  by  the  steep  acclivities  of 
Jlighgato  Rise   and    Highgatc   Hill. 


The  best  view  of  London  is  gained 
ftoxa  the  terrace  behind  Highgatc 
Cb.,  which  is  not,  however,  always 
Booeflsible. 

The  tall  spire  of  S(.  MidtaeTi  Ch., 
which  occupies  nearly  the  highest 
point  of  Higngate  Hill,  is  conspicuous 
for  miles  around. 

Immediately  behind  St.  Michael'a 
Ch.  ia  Highgate  (kmeUry,  the  most 
boautifolly  situated  of  all  the  sab- 

HiQB  Hah,  see  Langpart. 
HniH  Ohqab,  see  Chipping  Ongar. 
Hioswoon  Hill,  see  Hendoa. 
HioBWOBTH,  see  Sicindon. 
HlQH  Wyooubb,  see  Wycombe, 
HULESDON,  see  Biiakirighaia. 

Hinckley  (Loicea.)-Slat.,  8. 
Leiooatcr  Rly.  {L,  &  N.  W.),  and 
Midi.  Bly.,  25i  in.  from  Bimiiughani, 
and  14J  m.  from  Ijeiccetcr,  (J?m  .■ 
George) — ia  a  busy  little  stocking' trade 
town.  Bee  the  extensive  vieaia  from 
the  Castle  HUls. 

EictH-riflTn.— 4  m.  S.,  through  Sloke 
Guiding,  21  m.  (observe  handsome  re- 
stored ch,),  and  Dudtington,  to  Bo»- 
leorih  Wield,  the  scene  of  the  battle 
(1485)  between  the  Earl  of  Richmond 
(aSerwarda  Henry  VU.)  and  Richard 
UI.,  where  the  latter  was  defeated. 
The  White  Moors,  where  Riohmimd'B 
force  encamped,  is  J  m.  S.  of  the  village 
of  Shenton  (Slat.) — nmnerous  brasses 
in  ancient  ch.— and  Biohard'a  forces 
were  on  the  bdiJiB  of  tlie  Tweed,  be- 
tween Dadlinglon  and  Stapleton.  2  m. 
N.  is  the  little  town  of  Mir)^£on«i>rU 
(Stat.),  in  the  ch.  of  which  ia  a  curi- 
ous font  and  monuments  to  the  Dixie 
family.  4  m.  further  N.W.,  and  uear 
Shakeratone  Station,  is  Gopeall  HaU 
(Earl  Howe),  built  by  C.  Jennens,  the 
Mend  of  Handel,  at  a  cost  of  100,0001. 
It  contains  original  MSa  by  Handel 
and  Shakespeare,  and  acme  flne  paint- 
ings. From  here  (he  tourist  who  does 
not  wish  to  return  to  Hinckley,  may 

Jroceed  to  De»ford  Station  (Leicester, 
lurton,  and  Ashby  line),  through 
Neiebold   Vadan  (residence  of  Lady 


EOLT—EOLYBEAD. 


tance  N.  of  Htnokley,  ia  Croft  Eitt, 
which  bos  iome  fine  granite  qnanies, 
anil  commandB  exteDaiTe  views.  21 
charches  may  be  bbcd  from  the  som- 
mit  The  ch.  (partially  restored)  at 
NarboTough  ia  well  north  a  viait.  It 
has  a  Norm,  doorway,  and  E.-E.aedilia 
and  piscina. 

HraoHAM,  see  Wymondlt/im. 

HiNK«BT  (North  and  80Dth),  see 
Oxford  (ExcuM.) 

HiNTON  Chartbbbocse,  see  Brad- 
ford (Wilts). 

HnrroN  St.  Gboboe,  see  Creakeme. 

HiPEWELL,  fee  Bichnumd  (Yoikt.). 


HOOHTON  TOWBB,  860  Prtatotl. 

HoLKER  Hali,  see  Grange. 

UoLKBAM,  aee  WelU  (Norfolk). 

HoLLiKQHOBTD  Laee,  Bee  Bochdole. 

HoLHimTH,  ace  Hudderefteld, 

HoLBWOHTHT,  BM  Ti/rringtOB, 

Holt  (Norfolt).  abont  12  m,  from 
Ryburgh,  Stat.  QL  E.  Bly,  (inn.-  The 
Feathers).  A  clean  market  town, 
BtaodiDg  on  high  ground. 

7  m.  S.  W.  ia  Jtfeiton  ConitoWe,  the 
B^at  of  Lord  HaBtioge.  The  house 
was  built  about  IfiSO,  and  ranks  fourth 
in  splendour  and  importaoce  among 
the  greet  houaea  of  Norfolk.  It  con- 
tains some  fine  pictnies,  a  noble  al- 
monry and  a  raro  collection  of  medi- 
eval antiquities.  A  lofty  prospect 
tower,  called  the  "  Bellevue,"  is  passed 
1.  shortly  before  reaching  Melton  Coq- 
Btable  from  Holt.  The  Gk.  of  CUij- 
next-tke-Sea.  6  m.  N.  of  Molt,  is  fine, 
and  deserves  a  viait.  It  has  beco  re- 
atored,  new  wofed,  and  new  seated. 
It  ia  chiefly  Perp.  The  coaat  here  is 
little  more  than  a  level  marsh,  and  is 
anintereatiDg.  Blakeneg,  1  m.  W.  of 
Cley.  ia  full  of  interest  &  the  omitho- 

Diitaneet  by  road.—TFeUi,  9 
Oromer,  12  m. 
HoLTON,  Bee  Otcford  (Exours.) 
Holyliead  (Anglesey),  Stat., 
264  m.  by  rail  from  Enston-sqvare, 
via  Crewe  and  Carlisle;  84}  by 
rail  from  Chester;  and  24*  m.  from 
Bangor.  Also  included  in  L.  &  N.  W. 
N.  Walea  New  Circular  Tour.  Irnig : 
••Royal;  Liverpool  Anna ;  Castle.  A 
primitive  town,  built  cloae  to  a  har- 


bour fitrmed  I^  a  oonildereble  eatnar;, 
important  aa  being  tbe  nearest  spot  of 
English  gioond  to  Dublin,  and  poe- 

sesaing  a  Harbour  of  Refuge.  The 
celebrated  mail  steamers  ply  between 
Holyhead  and  Kingstown  twice  a  day ; 
and  magnificent  new  vessels  of  the  L. 
ft  N.  W.  Railway  Company  have  com- 
menced running  (also  twice  a  day^be- 
tween  Holyhead  and  tlie  North  Wall, 
Dublin.  Teasels  belonging  to  the 
same  company  alao  ply  between  Holy- 
head and  Oreenore.  The  time  occu- 
pied from  London  to  Dublin  by  the 
mail  packets  is  II  hrs. ;  and  by  the 
L.  &  N.  W.  Railway  Ctnapany'a  stea- 
mers, trom  12  to  13  an.  At  the  month 
of  the  harbour  and  connected  with  the 
mainland  by  an  iron  bridge  is  Ynyt 
Halea,  or  the  "  Salt  Island,"  from  which 
a  long  pier  of  1000  R.  runs  E.,  bced 
seawards  by  maaaive  embankments 
which  protect  the  harbour  from  N.  W. 
gales.  At  the  entrance  of  the  pier  is  a 
marble  arch  to  commemorate  the  land- 
ing of  George  IV.  in  1821,  and  at  the 
end  a  lighthouse.  On  tho  opposite 
rocW  side  of  the  estuary  ia  an  ojwiisft 
to  the  memory  of  Captain  Skinner. 
Thech.  ofS(.  Cfrfri,  ohieflj  of  the  I5th 
or  I6th  cent.,  is  the  most  interesting  in 
Anglesey.  It  is  an  embattled,  cruciform 
structure,  consisting  of  a  chancel,  nave, 
aialfa,  and  transept,  with  a  square  lower, 
surmounted  by  a  low,  flat  kind  of  apire. 
The  present  edifice,  exclusive  ofthe 
cbancel,  appears  to  have  been  erected 
about  tlie  time  of  Edward  IIL,  A.D. 
1327-1377.  There  are  remains  of  3 
chapels  in  tho  parish  of  Hf^hend  ; 
namely,  CapA  Lhe/oByd,  Capd  y 
Touiyn.  and  Capei  GtByngenen,  They 
undoubtedly  have  been  Roman  (Ca- 
tholic chapels.  The  ground  aronnd 
Capd  y  IWyn,  which  stands  on  a 
mound  of  Bond  30  ft.  high,  at  the 
edge  of  the  sea,  contains  many  gravea 
singnlarly  arrai^ed  with  Ute  feet 
pointing  to  the  centre.  The  ae& 
haa  laid  numbers  bate.  The  walla 
of  the  ohnrcliyard  on  3  ddea  are 
thought  to  be  Roman.  1}  m.  from  the 
town  are  the  immense  works  of  the 
Barbour  of  Befnge,  apeDtA  by  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  August  19,  1873; 
the  wotl^  comprise  a  N.  breakwitter 


HOLYHEAD. 


221 


7860  tl.  long,  UDd  an  E.  breakwater 
2000  ft.  long ;  with  a  packet  pier  of 
1500  ft.,  the  two  forming  a  giEantio 
half  moon  and  shetterini;  roadstead 
of  above  600  acres  of  deep  water. 
The  breakwater  is  terminated  by  a 
head,  on  which  is  rtrected  a  light- 
house :  the  foandation  ia  a  gteat 
mbblo  mound  of  Hlone  100  ft.  wide 
at  base,  above  which  is  built  a  solid 
central  wall  38  ft  9  in.  high,  but- 
mounted  by  a  promenade  and  parapet 
OQ  the  sea  side :  on  the  harbour  side, 
at  a  lower  level,  27  ft.  above  low 
water,  runa  a  quay  40  ft.  wide,  formed 
by  an  inner  wall.  The  head  of  the 
breakwater  is  a  maasive  Btructore  of 
ashlar  masonry,  150  B,.  long  and  50  ft. 
wide.  A  visit  should  be  paid  to  tha 
Quarries  in  the  Holyhead  Mountain, 
whence  the  blocks  of  stone  ace  con- 
veyed by  rail  to  the  works ;  hence  a 
rough  mountain-path,  passing  a  small 
glauite  block  tothe  memory  of  Captain 
Hntebinson,  E,  E.,  leads  up  to  the 
Signal-station  of  the  Siiyliead  Tele- 
graph; N.  E.  of  which  are  seen  the 
Skmiet  lAand,  called  in  Welsh,  Ynys 
Moelthoniaid  (Seals  Island).  About  3 
IQ.  beyond  the  Skerries  is  the  very  noted 
promontory,  called  Cadair  y  Mynaefid]) 
(the  Chftii  of  the  Monastery).  Tbert 
IB  a  very  curious  cave  in  thix  promon 
tory,  called  Ogof  y  Mynaehdy  (the 
Cave  of  the  Monastery).  Some  country 
people  believe  that  the  said  c&ve  runs 
imder  Ule  whole  island  from  Gadair  y 
Mgnaekdy  to  Llec!u!ahaon,  near  PUa 
Owynn  Peniraefh,  about  5  m.  S.  W. 
from  Beaumaris.  Just  underneath  the 
signal-staiioD  ace  the  Ynya  Arte,  or 
tfoHh  Stacke,  which  are  hollowed  into 
successive  caverns  by  the  action  of  the 
Boa.  the  largest  being  called  the  Par- 
liament House,  from  tho  noise  made 
on  entering  by  the  sea-birds,  which 
dwell  hero  in  ooantlees  numbers ;  it  is 
only  accessible  by  boat  in  very  calm 
weather,  and  at  half  ebb-tide.  This 
wonder^  cavern  ia  one  of  those  usual 
phenomena  produced  by  the  action  of 
tho  sea-water  on  the  soluble  parta  of 
stratified  rooks,  especially  where  cal- 
careous snbstiuices  are  prevalent  in 
their  compodtion.  Qnuid  receding 
aiohes,  of  various  ihapes,  supported 


by  pillars  of  rock,  exhibit  a  striking 
and  attractive  scene.  The  promontory 
consists  of  high  cliffs,  of  various 
heights,  abounding  with  large  caverns 
that  afford  sheller  for  innumerable 
birds,  such  as  pigeons,  gulls,  razorbills, 
sea-ravens,  gmllemote,  cormorants,  and 
herons.  On  tho  lotliest  crag  lurks 
the  peregrine  laloon.  From  tho  signal- 
station  ashort  steep  climb  lp.ads  to  the 
summit  of  the  Holyhead  Mountain  or 
Pen  Goer  Gybi,  709  ft.,  where  are 
traces  of  fortiflciktions,  and  a  rude  cir- 
cular tower,  supposed  to  have  acted 
as  a  pharos  or  watch-tower,  ^m 
which  tower,  very  likely,  the  mountain 
generally  ia  called  in  Augleaey,  ISyn- 
ydd  Tar.  Spear-heads  and  bronze- 
rings  have  been  dug  up  here,  and  a 
gold  coin  exhumed  at  Capel  Lachmyd, 
at  foot  of  mountain.  1  m.  S.  W..  380 
steps,  called  the  Stairs,  cut  in  the  pre- 
cipitous face  of  the  mainloud.  lead  by 
a  ohain  suspension-bridge  to  the  Sotiih 
Stack,  with  its  magnificent  nx^  sce- 
nery, where  is  built  a  Ughthouae  212 
fL  above  high  water.  Hei'e,  as  at 
tho  North  Stacks,  are  wonderful  ca- 
verns and  innumerable  sea-birds; 
from  the  Stacks  a  good  road  leads  to 
the  town. 

ExcuTtiont. — A  visit  may  be  paid  to 
the  little  Porp.  oh.  of  Shoscolyn  (about 
5  m.  B.),  near  which  is  the  ancient 
house  of  ^odtor.  Another  5  m.  would 
bring  the  tourist,  by  the  sea-ahore, 
through  tho  romantic  places  oatled 
Oreigian  GrigyU  Euid  Bkoa  Neigyr,  to 
the  old  town  of  AberffraiB,  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  Welsh  princes ; 
and  he  might  return  to  Holyhead  by 

■'  from  TV  Oroet  Station,  about  3  or 

Irom  Pdiieu  Station,    i  w.  N.  B. 

of  Valley,  near  the  village  of  Bodedem, 
are  the  seata  of  Tre  lorwerOi,  the  beau- 
til\il  residence  of  Archdeacon  Wynne- 
Jones,  and  Prytaddfed,  now  the  pn>- 
"erty  of  the  Hon.  William  Owen 
tanley  ;  in  the  grounds  of  latter  are 
cromlechs.  About  4  m.  N.  of  Bode- 
dem is  the  village  of  Uanddeaeartt, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Alaw :  here  is  a 
spot  called  the  Tomb  of  BTonxeen,  who 
said  to  have  died  of  grief  on 
ring  a  blow  from  her  husband. 
King  of  Ireland.    Hence  the  excursion 


nOLTWSLL—nONlTOK. 


maj  be  continued  to  Llunerchnmedd. 
Another  oxcurmoa  may  be  made  by 
taking  rail  to  Ty  Croet,  9  m.  (Blat 
for  XiuUig  Lake  Hotel),  on  the 
coast  near  which  are  a  cr^nlech  and 
iumuliiB.  1  m.  N.  W.  of  tbe  Tillage 
U  the  modem  Ch.  of  Llan/aetog,  m 
which  parish  are  2  cromleehe.  About 
1  m.  N.  E,  of  Ty  Cioea  U  the  little  Oft. 
of  Tal-y-Uim,  about  4  m.  N.  W.  of 
which  is  the  reetored  Ch.  of  Cerrig 
Cemioen,  which  has  an  intewsting  oit- 
cnlar  12th-cent.  font  with  6  sculptured 
compartments,  also  a  scnlptuied  tomh- 
atona  over  the  door ;  about  8  m.  fur- 
ther on  in  Uanqefni. 

Ditfance*. — Dublin, 69  m.;  Bangor, 
by  road,  24J  m. ;  Anilwcb,  by  to»A, 
20  m.,  or  S6  m.  by  rail ;  Llan^-efiii,  23 
m.  by  mil;  Llanercbymedd,  29j  m.by 

Holt  Islahd,  see  Bamborough. 

Hol.Twell  (Flint.),  230  m.  by 
rail  from  Faddiugton  or  Euston-square 
etd  Chester  (the  town  being  2  m.  from 
the  station),  and  16  m.  by  rail  from 
Chegtw.  Jraw."  King's  Head;  King's 
Arms;  Red  Lion;  and  Antelope. 
Immediately  below  the  ch.  is  tbe  cele- 
brated well  of  St.  WinifreA  (the  chief 
object  of  interest),  the  Boene  now 
as  formerly,  of  frequent  pilgrimages : 
apart  from  the  miraculous  power  attri. 
bnted  to  it,  it  is  remarkable  for  the 
enormous  quantity  of  water  it  supplies, 
more  than  100  tons  nminuta,  and  hardly 
ever  varies  in  amount.  The  sweet- 
scented  mosa  (Jvngermannia  aspfc- 
nioidet  of  Liuneus)  grows  on  sides  of 
the  well,  and  the  stones  are  coated 
with  a  vegetable  production  called 
Bijtsut  jolilhut.  The  Cluipel  over  the 
well,  erected  by  Margarot,  Conntess 
of  Sidimoud,  is  an  exquisite  specimen 
of  late  Perp.  work:  the  groined  arches 
which  rise  from  the  sides  of  the  well 
aro  adorned  with  figures  and  csont- 
cheons  of  the  Stanley  bmily  and 
others.  30001.  have  been  expended 
in  erecting  public  hatha  and  improying 
tho  old  well  building. 

The  Baths  now  consist  of  the  octa- 
gon well  or  basiu,  invalids'  cold  bath, 
two  plunge  baths,  one  of  which  is  60 
ft.  in  Icngtii,  and  four  hot,  cold,  and 
shower  baths ;  also  a  douche  bath. 


In  June  ISiO  a  Hospice  wns  opened 
by  the  Boman  Catholics  of  Holywell 
for  the  reception  of  the  poor  and. 
afflicted  who  visit  the  well,  where 
they  are  provided  with  gratuitous 
lodeicg. 

Tbe  "Feast  of  St.  Winifred"  is 
celelmited  in  Holywell  Eoman  Catho- 
lic Chapel  in  June  and  November  of 
each  year,  on  which  occasioos  some  of 
the  bones  of  St.  Winifred,  enclosed 
in  a  small  box  with  glass  top,  are  pro- 
duced and  kissed  by  each  member  of 
the 


In  the  Ch.,  tho  tower  of  whicl 
du«c%  above  tbe  chapel,  i 
less  effigy  of  St.  Winifred. 

Exairfiont.  ■ —  Baiinymerk  Abbey, 
about  1^  m.,  near  railway  station;  the 
ruins  (latter  half  of  12th  cent.)  consist 
of  portions  of  tho  abbey  cli.,  refectory, 
abE)ot's  buildings,  bam,  and  graugo, 
which  have  been  allowed  to  fall  into  a 
rlisgraceful  state,  and  the  refectory 
lias  been  converted  into  an  out-build- 
ing on  an  adjacent  &rm.  W.  of  refec- 
tory ia  an  E.-E.  building,  with  7  lancet 
windows,  probably  a  guestcn-hall. 
Along  E.  side  of  ravine,  near  the 
abbey,  Walt's  Dyke  may  be  occasion- 
ally traced.  The  entioence  on  which 
the  abbey  stands  commands  fine  and 
extensive  views.  Montyn  is  about  i  m, 
from  here  along  the  tumpike-road. 
To  Wkitfoni,  from  Holywell,  about 
3  m.,  whence  Gamy  Moanfaiii  and 
'  Matn  AehiBiffan  may  be  visited,  and 
the  excursion  continued  8  m.  beyond 
to  Newmarket  and  tbe  "  G<m^'  I  m. 
fnrtlier.  To  Caerwyr,  about  5  m. ;  to 
Bagpit,  about  2  m.  E.,  where  is  a  new 
G.-E.  Ch. ;  to  Maid.  9  m.  by  tumpiko- 
rmd  and  Ihrougli  Northnv,  8J  m.  over 
the  Halkya  Mountain,  Rhosesnwr,  and 
past  Moel^y-gaer.  To  PanUaapb,  2 
m., — a  delightftil  walk — where  there 
has  been  eetobliahed  the  largest  Fran- 
ciscan Capuchin  monastery  in  Wales, 
and,  with  one  exception,  in  Biwland  ; 
also  a  beautiful  ch.  (R.  C.)  dedicated 
6t  David,  and  a  large  convent  nnd 


DJrioncei.-^FIint  by  rail,  4  m. 
Rhyl,  13  m. ;  SL  Asaph,  by  road.  10 
m. ;  or,  by  rail,  via  Bhyl,  19  m. 

Bonlton  (Devon.).   Stat  L.  & 


HORNS  r—HORNSEY. 


S.  W.  Ely..  Yeovil  and  Exeter  BruDch. 
Inm:  Dol'pMn  Hotel;  An^el  Hotel. 
The  town  is  plcttuesquely  situated  in 
the  valleyof  UioOtter,  Very littlo lace 
is  now  tnjule  hero,  the  manufactare 
having  been  temoved  V>  Deighbouring 
Tillageii.  The  old  Ch.  is  vorlh  a  visit. 
Obs^e  the  late  Perp.  Bcieen  (probably 
the  work  of  Bp.  Courtanay,  1477-87 
— the  "haughty  prelate"  of  Shakes- 
peare's '  Eichard  III. ;'  tomb  of  Tbo- 
maB  Marwood,  phyBieian  to  Queen 
E!lizabeth,  d.  aged  105 ;  and  grotesque 
heads  on  ceiling  of  eh. 

Excareiom. — (a)  To  Sembury  Fort, 
Z\  m.,  passiog,  2  m.,  the  village  of 
jlwiisooinfte,  where  the  good  Perp.  ch. 
deserves  a  visit.  The  Fori  is  a  fine 
specimen  of  an  ancient  camp,  and 
tlie  lofty  ramparts  ate  in  excellent 
preservation,  li  m.  distant  is  the 
Ch.  of  Broadhemhary.  The  W.  win- 
dow is  very  good.  Toplady,  author 
of  '  Rook  of  Ages,'  was  for  some 
time  vicar,  (b)  to  Fancay  (800  ft.) 
and  Broad  Doums,  on  road  to  Sid- 
iwHrfft.  (e)  lo  Btimpdon  Hill  (879 
ft),  2  m.  N.,  having  an  summit  a 
lar^  oval  camp ;  tlicnce,  2}  m.,  to 
Molam'e  Ottery,  the  scat  of  the  Carews, 
of  internet  to  the  antiquary,  though 
litUe  remains  of  the  old  house ;  thence 
to  the  ruins  oi  DiaiketaeU  Ahbey,  S  m. 
from  Honiton,  founded  for  (jisCercian 
monks,  1201.  It  ia  7  m.  &om  Honiton 
iaSidmoath. 
HoPB,  see  GatSebm. 
HopTOH  Heath,  see  Wetlon  (StafTs,}. 
Hornby  (Lane.)— Stot.  Mid- 
land Ely.  (inn;  Castle)— is  charmingly 
situated  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Wenniug  with  the  Lune.  Close  to 
the  station  is  the  Catde  (J.  Foster, 
Esq.),  a  fine  pile  of  buildings,  origin- 
ally erected  by  Sic  E.  Btonley,  Baron 
Honteagle  ^temp.  Hen.  VUI.).    The 

oldest    portion    is    a    laigr    

tower  or  keep,  on  the  N. 
which   is    Sir   B.   Stanley' 

v  et  gant"  Visitors  are  allowed 
application.  The  Ch.  has 
1  tower  and  contains  a 
>   Dr.  Lingard,   the  his- 


on  applica 

lonal  towe 


HoEunMasHAU,  see  TFarmtnsfer. 

HoniM«a  (Yorksb.).  Stat.  N. 
E.  Ely.  (Hull  and  Hornsea  Branch, 
~  1  in.),    jnn  :  Alexandia  Hotel. 

Hornsea,  like  Withemsea,  has  some 
pretensions  as  a  watering-place.  Only 
those,  however,  who  wish  for  entire 
quiet,  and  who  can  find  Interest  is  the 
peculiarities  of  this  nnpictnresque 
coast,  should  seek  it.  although  there 
are  some  pleasant  walks  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  Here. 

The  Ch..  which  stands  high,  is 
Dec.  and  Perp.,  the  portions  of  the 
latter  period  (clerestory  and  chancel) 
very  good. 

The  point  of  greatest  interest  at 
Hornsea  is  the  Mere,  which  closely 
adjoins  the  town,  and  is  the  largest  in 
the  county,  nearly  2  m.  long,  5  m.  in 
circumference,  and  j  m.  across  at  its 
broadest  part.  It  is  dotted  with  small 
wooded  islands,  and  aboimds  with 
pike,  parch,  eel,  and  roech ;  but  the 
fishing  is  kept  strictly  private.  For 
Sxouritione,  see  Hull. 

Hornsey  (Middi.),  a  once 
rural,  now  suburbsa  village,  but  still 
retaining  some  of  its  primitive  fea- 
tures, 2  m.  N.E.  of  Highgate,  5}  m. 
from  the  General  Post  OfBce  by  rood, 
1  m.  from.  King's  Cross  by  Gt  N. 
Ely.  The  station  is  about  }  m.  S.E. 
of  the  church.  Imu:  Three  Com- 
passes, by  the  church ;  Great  Northern 
Tavern,  opposite  the  church  ;  Bail- 
way  Hotel,  oy  the  station. 

Westward  &om  the  church  is  a  plea- 
sant lane  to  Muswell  Hill  and  Alex- 
andra Park.  A  footpath  frooi  the  ch.- 
yd.,  S.,  leads  to  Mount  Pleasant  (222 
ft.  high),  and  thence  lo 

Fin^ury  Park,  of  about  120  acres, 
opened  in  1869.  It  is  laid  out  in  the 
landscape-garden    sbrle,  and   affords 

Croaeh  End,  on  the  S.W.  of  Honi- 
sey.  has  still  some  pretty  rural  lanes, 
like  that  to  Stroud  Green.  Nearly 
opposite  Chriatchurch  is  a  stntion  on 
the  Highgate,  Edgware,  and  High 
Bamet  branch  of  ttie  Great  Northern 
Bailway.  Between  Crouch  End  vil- 
lage and  Priory-lBne,  Highgate  Aroh- 
way-road,  is  a  pretty  field  walk  over 
the  brow  of  the  hill  by  the  Bhep- 


224 


MORSHAfS—noVNSLOW. 


.   fine 


herd's    Cot,    Dear   nhicli 
prospect. 

FoTti*  Green  m  a  liamlet  of  vlllaB 
and  cottages  lyine  between  Mnawell 
Hill  and  ihe  Fmchley-road,  IJ  m.  W. 
of  HoruBey  Churcli. 

JHuwceH  Em  is  about  1  m,  W.  by 
N.  of  Homsey  village,  end  1}  m.  N.  by 
E.  of  Higligate.  There  is  a  statioii 
on  the  Alexandra  Palace  branch  of 
the  Gt.  N.  Rlj..  6  a.  from  King's 
CroBS.  Innt :  Green  Man,  at  tne 
auimuit;  Victoria,  at  the  foot  of  the 
hill. 

The  place  owes  its  name  to  a  holy 
well  near  the  t«p  of  the  hill,  over 
which  B  chapel  waa  erected  in  1112, 
by  the  Priory  of  8t.  John  of  Jera- 
salem,  at  Clerkenwell.  The  well  still 
remaine  on  the  E.  aide  of  Colne; 
Hatch-lane,  and  though  covered,  the 
itater  is  accessible  by  a  pump. 

The  Alexandra  Palace  and  Pari 
occupy  the  E.  portion  of  the  summit 
and  the  S.  and  E.  elopes  of  the  Hill. 

Horsham  (Snasei).  Stat  L. 
B.&S.C.Rly.  Inna  .-  'King's  Head  ; 
Auchot;  Black  Horse.  There  ia  some 
pleaaantcountry  in  the  neighbourhood, 
but  the  only  object  of  interest  in  the 
place  itself  ia  the  Church,  which  well 
dsBervea  a  visit.  It  ia  E.  E.,  with 
Perp.  additions.  From  the  ch,-yd. 
pleasant  with,  crossing  thi 
leads  to  DesTK  Pari 
to  the  public.  It 
views  over  the  N.  weold. 

3  m.  N.  of  Horsham  ia  Field  Place, 
the  birthplace  of  Shelley,  the  poet. 

St.  lAOtvaTWt  Forek,  contwning 
abont  11,000  acres,  lies  E.  of  Horsham. 
It  ia  moaUy  oak  and  l)eecb ;  but  there 
are  eitenaive  plantations  of  larobes, 
and  the  large  ponds  overhung  by  fine 
tieea  are  partloulafly  picttvesqne. 

Mke  Mil^i  (prenoQQced  locally 
"Mick  Milla'e")  Soice,  the  principd 
avenue  in  it,  ia  1}  m.  long,  and 
taina  15,000  trees. 

An  excursion  into  the  forest  should 
include  flbimfruift  2buier,  picturesquely 
situated,  and  St.  Leonard'!  Lodge. 

i  m.  from  Horaham,  and  8.  of  St. 
Leonard's  Forest,  ia  NathuT$t,  in  which 
parish  the  scenery  is  perhaps  more 
attiBotiva  than  that  of  the  forest  itself. 


Nvlhur$l  Lodge  commands  very  fino 
views,  i  m.  N.W.  from  the  house  are 
the  remans  of  an  ancient  castle.  The 
little  church  of  Nuthurat  is  ancient, 
and  worth  notice.  Theeicursion  may 
be  made  to  include  Enfpp  CastU  and 
Weil  Grinetead  Park  Home,  in  the  re- 
tom  to  Horsham. 

HoBSLBY,  see  Olterbum. 

HoBTON  (Yorka,),  see  Setlh. 

HOCQHTON  COHQUECT,  SCO  AmplkiU. 

HouanniN-LE-DALE,    see    WaUittg- 

Houqhton-lb-Spbihg,  see   Sander- 

Kounslow  (Middx.),  a  t«wn 
on  tlie  main  western  road  partly  in 
the  pariah  of  Heaton,  and  partly  in 
that  of  laleworlh;  9  m.  from  Hyde 
Park  Comer,  and  a  station  on  the  loop 
line  of  the  London  and  Soath-Weatem 
Railway. 

The  fame  of  Hounslow  ia  mainly 
due  to  its  Sealh.  The  cavalry  bar- 
racka  are  on  the  rt.  of  the  road,  about 
i  ui.  beyond  Hounslow.  Opposite  to 
them,  on  tlie  1.  of  the  road,  is  a  drill 
or  exercise  ^ouml,  of  about  300  acres. 

floftnsIoiD  Pavtder  Milli  are  situated 
on  the  King's  and  Isleworth  rivers. 

EeKton,  1 J  m.  N.  from  the  Hounslow 
Stat,  of  the  L.  &  B.  W.  Ely.,  and  n 
like  distance  S.  from  the  Soutbalt 
Stat  of  the  Gt.  W.  RIy.,  ia  a  village 
of  three  or  four  irregular  streets,  con- 
verging upon  a  dirty  little  triangular 
green.  About  the  village  ore  a  few 
old  timber-framed  houaea. 

The  entrance  to  the  ch..yd.  E.  of 
the  frreen  is  by  a  large  picturesque  old 
oak  iKiA-gnte. 

From  the  back  of  the  ch.-yd.  there 
ia  a  pleasant  walk  of  about  a  mile  to 
Otterley  House,  a  stately  red-brick 
mansion.  Tlie  interior  is  still  aplen- 
did,  and  contains  some  antique  sta- 
tuary and  interesting  pictures.  The 
park,  of  about  350  acres,  contaius 
some  fine  elms.  A  public  road  and 
path  crosses  the  park  from  Syon  Hill 
to  Norwood.  Osterley  is  the  property 
of  the  Earl  of  Jersey,  and  is  now  the 
residence  of  the  Dowager  Duchess  tA 
Cleveland, 

HoviNGHAH,  see  Thirsk. 

HowicE,  see  EmlAeloa. 


ntfCKXAlL  TOSKASD-BUDDESSt'lELD. 


2-25 


HoTLAEE,  see  Birkenhead. 
Huehnall      Torhard 

(Notts.).  Stat.,  Midi.  Gly.  (Manafleld 
Branch).  A  tablet  In  the  Ch.  was 
placed  in  memory  of  Lord  Bjtoq,  who 
ia  buried  here,  b;  hie  Bisler  the  Hon. 
Aaeiuta  Miiry  Leigh.  A  second  lab- 
let  IS  erected  to  Ada,  daughter  of  Lord 
ByroD,  wife  of  Earl  Lovelace.  The 
oldest  tablet  is  in  memory  of  the  first 
Lord  Bjraa  (Bichard,  d.  1679),  who 
folbwed  the  fortnaea  of  Charles  I., 
and  fbaght  in  (he  Civil  Wars.  The 
church  was  rebuilt,  and  a  south  aisle 
added  in  1S73.  At  8haWt  Farm  is 
the  largest  box  tteo  in  England. 
£xcur«ioB.— 3i  m.  W.  to  Be 
Abbey,  fonnded,  temp.  Edw.  III. 
Carthusian  monks.  What  little  ia 
left  ia  incorporeted  in  a  iarmhouse. 

HudderMlleld  (Yorks.).  Stat. 
L.AN.W.andLanc&York.Rlys.  Inne: 
•George  H.  (cloae  to  atat.);  Imperial 
H.;QiteenH.  Thisisacleanstone-bnilt 
town,  standing  partly  in  the  vnlley  of 
the  Colne,  and  partly  on  a  hill  rising 
toward  the  N.W.  The  staple  trade  of 
cloth-weaviog  is  carried  on,  not  only 
in  the  town,  but  in  nil  the  Burrouod- 
iug  district;  there  is  a  lai^  and  ia- 
creasing  foreign  trade  in  woollen  goods. 
Except  its  mills  and  lactones  Hudders- 
field    contains    little  to   interest   the 

The  Mechamot  Inelitution,  in  North- 
nmberland-street,  a  little  below  the 
Pott  Office,  hns  a  good  reading-room, 
open  me  to  strangers.  It  is  one  ' 
the  most  flourishing  in  the  Mngdoi 

Tho  Literary  and  ScUntific  Society, 
in  South-street,  has  a  small  niuaenm, 
and  lectures  are   given    during   the 

The  Ardvr^logical  and  Topographi 
eal  AiiociaUim,  founded  ia  1864,  has 
the  nuclans  of  n  library  in  a  room 
allotted  lo  it  by  the  President,  Thos. 
Brook,  Esq.,  in  Burston-road. 
Pleasant  excursions  maybe  made  to 
(a)  AlmondimTjj  Camp  (Castle  Hill 
as  it  is  generally  called),  3  m.  from 
HaddersUeld,  which  may  be  easily 
reached  from  the  Berry  Broiv  Slat, 
of  the  Holmfltth  Rly.,  whence  it 
ia  distent  1  m.,  or  from  the  Fenay 
Bridge  Stat  on  the  Eirkbortou  Bly. 


Oaslle  Hill  is  abont  900  ft,  above  tho 
sea,  and  is  crovmed  by  an  embank- 
ment. The  villi^  of  Almondbury 
lies  N.E.  under  the  Castle  HiR  The 
Ch.,  dedicated  to  All  Saints,  is  worth 

About  1  m,  from  the  Tillage  is 
Woodtome  Sail  (a  seat  of  the  ^1  of 
DartmoDth),  one  of  the  most  charm- 

J;  old  places  in  Yorkshire.  It  is  an 
mirable  specimen  of  a  good  York- 
sliire  house  of  the  I6th  cent,  The 
is  as  little  cbaoged  as  the  out- 
side. A  gallery  runs  along  one  side 
of  the  h^l,  which,  with  its  old  por- 
traits, armonr,  cabinets,  and  enormons 
fireplace,  affoids  an  admirable  study 
for  the  artist  Woodaomo  m^  be 
iently  reached  from  the  Fenay 
Station. 

(b)  8I(i<^,  the  ancient  Oambodnnum, 
is  4|  m.  from  Huddersfleld,  W.  There 
ia  a  good  road  passing  Trinity  Ch., 
and  leaving  Iiindley  to  the  rt  The 
pedestriEiD  may  walk  to  it  along  Long- 
wood  Edge.  Although  other  places 
have  been  Sied  as  tlie  situatloa  of  the 
Roman  town,  the  discoveries  which 
have  been  mado  here  render  it  tole- 
rably certain  that  thia  was  the  site  of 
Cambodunura.  A  sloping  piece  of 
ground,  of  about  twelve  acres,  is  divi- 
ded into  enclosures,  called  the  "  eald." 
or  "old"  fields,  on  which,  says  the 
local  tradition,  [here  formerly  stood  a 
great  tower.  Many  remains  have  been 
found,  and  a  thorough  esamination  of 
the  "eald  fields"  has  been  mado  by 
the  Yorkshire  Archieologicul  Associa- 

(c)  The  short  railway  from  Hud- 
dersfleld to  Kirkburton  is  a,  branch 
of  the  London  and  North -Western 
Railway.  At  Kirkheaton  (Stat.)  is  a 
Ch.  prettily  situated.  Fenag  HiiU 
(Fenay  Slat.)  ia  a  handsoino  old  tim- 
bereii  building,  of  Ilia  17th  cent.  At 
Kirtibarlon  is  a  fine  Ch.,  E.  E.  and 
Perp.,  reslored. 

Holmfirlh,  a  htrge  manufaotniing 
village,  high  up  in  the  valley  of  the 
Holme,  may  be  visited  from  Hudders- 
fleld by  the  Manchester,  Sheffield,  and 
Lincolnshire  Railway.  It  is  best 
known  as  tile  scene  of  the  terrible 
catastrophe  of  the  bnrating  of  tha 


Bilberry  reservoir,  on  SQk  Febmary, 
1852.  The  sceoerj  of  the  valley  ia 
ve^  pictureaqne. 

Hhqhensbn,  £ee  Wycombe. 

HuisH  Efibcwfi,  see  Langport, 

Bull,  KlniTMtOD-iipoii- 
(Yoiksll.).  There  are  two  Baihray 
SialioM.  The  Paragon  Blot.,  near  the 
W.  entrance  of  the  town,  whence  the 
North  Eealeni  Company's  traine  leave 
for  Goote  and  Doncagler,  Selby,  York, 
by  Beverley  and  Market  Weighton, 
Bridlington,  FUey,  and  Scaiboroogh. 
Also  for  Withenuea  and  HomBea. 

The  Manch.  Sheff.  A  Line,  Company 
have  a  station  in  Neleon-etteet,  close 
to  the  Vidtnia  Pier,  which  connects 
Hull  with  Lincolnshire,  and  provides 
an  alternative  and  somewhat  shorter 
though  not  a  quicker  route  to  London. 

Numerous  Steamers  start  from  Hull 
for  foreign  and  British  ports;  the 
times  of  sailing  are  duly  advertised, 
and  may  geneially  be  found  in  isiad- 
Bhaw.  There  is  a  daily  (Sunday  ex- 
cepted) Packet  Service  between  Hull 
and  Gainiborough,  calling  at  Grimsby, 
Goole,  and  Keadby,  and  between  Hull 
and  Biigg  (Thuradoy  and  Sunday 
excepted). 

Innt:  "  Eoyal  Station  Hotel,  en- 
tared  from  the  Paragon  Station ; 
Vittoria  Hotel,  close  to  the  Pier  and 
Doeka;  and  the  Cross  Keys  in  the 
Harket-plaee. 

Hull  ranks  third  in  commercial  im- 
portance and  extent  of  sh^pingamong 
the  seaports  of  Great  Bnlain  (only 
surpassed  by  Liverpool  and  London). 
The  old  town  is  in  reality  on  islnnd, 
ETurrounded  by  river  Humber  on  S., 
river  Hall  on  E.,  and  3  docks  N.  and 
W. 

It  does  not  possess  much  attrao- 
Hon  Cor  the  ordinary  tourist;  but 
it  is  the  great  packet  station  for  the 
north  of  £urope ;  and  the  laiger  part 
of  the  imports  firom  Holland  Den- 
mark, Norway,  Sweden,  Rnsaia,  and 
the  ^ttic,  finds  its  way  to  this  port. 
It  is,  therefore,  a  place  of  extreme 
bustle  and  activity  ;  and  tbe  prospects 
from  the  sides  of  the  docks,  crowded 


One  of  the  most  striking  and  charsc- 
teristic  views  may  bo  obtained  from 
the  Mylongate  Bridge  (between  tbe 
"Queen's''  and  "Humber"  Docks). 
In  the  forefront  there  is  the  Queen  a 
Dock  and  its  crowd  of  vessels,  in  the 
distance  Whitefriar-gate  Bridge  and  its 
stream  of  uassengets  and  vehicles, 
whilst  as  a  backgrooud  there  are  St. 
John's  Church,  the  Wilberforce  mouti- 
ment,  and  tbe  Dock  OfBcea. 

The  objects  to  be  notice<I  are  tho 
Dodit,  the  Chnrchee  of  Holy  Trin%  and 


;  the  Trimly  Eouie  ;  WiS>er- 
foree  llouse  ;  the  Muemm  ;  the  Town 
Sail ;  the  Exchange ;  tho  Dock  0^ice$, 
and  the  Park. 

The  most  important  features  in  the 
town  are  the  Dockf,  wMob,  though  far 
inferior  in  extent  to  tbose  of  Liver- 
pool, yet  well  deserve  attention.  The 
Hull  river  itself  forma  a  natural  dock, 
narrow,  but  thronged  with  vessels  and 
lined  with  warehouses  for  a  distance 
of  1}  m.,  and  imtil  1778  was  tbe  only 
dock  Hull  possessed.  It  is  crossed  'of 
the  South  Bridge  near  its  mouth, 
about  J  m.  higher  up  by  the  North 
Bridge,  about  |  m.  Aiitber  up  by  the 
Swaun-street  Bridge,  and  also  by  the 
"Sculcoates"  Bridge  of  the  North. 
Eastern  Bailway  Company.  A  cut 
Irom  the  Hull  leads  E.  into  the  Vic- 
toria Dock,  Another  on  the  W.  eom- 
munlcales  with  the  "  Queen's,"  and 
other  Dock^  extending  through  the 
town  from  the  Hull  to  the  Humber. 
The  Albert  Dock  opens  irom  the  basin 
of  tbe  Humber  Dock,  and  thns  is  in 
direct  communioatioQ  with  the  Hnm- 
ber  itself.  The  vidtoi  who  desires  to 
make  a  thorough  examination  of  these 
docks  had  better  proceed  at  once  to 
the  most  easterti— the  Victoria  Dock — 
and  so  work  wastwards.  Two  new 
docks  Bra  now  (18T6)  in  prt^ress,  and 
ere  long  tbe  present  dock  accommoda- 
tion will  bo  donbled. 

The  Qwtye,  landing  stagee,  and  es- 

Slanade,  extending  along  the  Humber 
'om  the  Victoria  Hotel  westward,  pre- 
sent at  moat  hours  of  the  day  scenes  fiill 
of  life  and  interest,  not  only  from  tbe 
ships,  stetuners,  fishing  smacks,  and 
other  craft,  and  the  sl^m  ferries  and 
packets  crossing  and  Kfxosaag,  but 


also  &OD1  tlie 

especially  ou  market  days,  and 
arrical  of  foreign,  vessels  or  the  Bailing 
of  a  fishing  "    ' 

ThelVtn 
in    Englao  ,  „ 

London  and  NewooatJe)  which  was 
founded,  flist  as  a  religious  frtttamity, 
in  13G9,  is  an  establishment  for  the 
relief  of  the  decayed  and  distressed 
seamen  of  the  meichant  service,  theii 
vidows,  and  children;  and  foi  the 
booTi^e  and  beaconage  of  the  Humber. 
It  has  also  a  Navigatiou  School  at- 
tached to  it,  in  which  130  sons  of 
aajlors  lecoiTO  a  eood  &ee  edncation, 
and  elothea.  It  has  eamod  the  ap- 
pellation of  "  the  Model  Navigation 
School."  The  Trinity  House  itself 
was  re-erected  in  1753,  and  is  bnilt 
Tonnd  two  courls,  with  a  chapel 
(opened  ISiS)  between  them.  It  con- 
tains interestiiig  pictnros,  nantical 
relics  of  ancient  date,  and  plate,  and 
is  shown  on  application  to  the  house- 
keeper. 

Near  the  angle  at  which  the  Junc- 
tion and  Old  Docks  (now  Prince's  and 
Queen's  Docks)  meet  rises  the  Filber- 
foTi»  Mfoaixaent  (completed  1835),  a 
Doric  pillar  of  sandstone  72  ft.  bigh, 
snnnounted  by  the  statue  of  WiSiam 
WHberforet.  This  eoiinent  philan- 
thrt^isl  was  bom  in  High-street, 
Auk.  24, 1759. 

Near  this  monument,  and  bordering 
the  Queen's  Dock,  is  the  Neio  Dock 
Office,  an  elaborate  structure  of  Renais- 
sance type. 

The  Park,  given  by  Z.  C.  Pearson, 
Bsq.  (ei-mayor),  lies  1  m.  N.  of  the 
town,  and  is  well  worth  viaiting.  To 
W.  of  the  park  is  a  fine  boulevard. 

The  most  imporlant  of  the  Hull 
ChuTchu  is  that  of  the  Eoly  Trinity 
ia  the  Market-place.  It  is  the  largest 
parish  oh.  in  England.  The  restoration 
was  begun  in  1860  under  the  care  of  Sir 
G.  Q.  Scott,  and  although  siuue  30,0001. 
have  been  spent  the  work  is  not  yet 
(1S76)  completed.  There  is  a  good 
general  exlemal  view  from  the  S.W. 
angle  of  the  yard. 

81.  MiaTT^i  Ch.  in  Lowgafe  (almost 
retnilt)  has  a  large  Pent.  E.  window, 
of  which  the  tmcery  deservee  notice. 


LL.  227 

It  possesses  some  of  the  finest  moderu 
stained  glass  in  tliia  ooDutry.  The 
general  effect  of  the  interior  is  very 
striking. 

The  Toaa  HaH  (Cuthbert  Brodrick, 
archit.)  is  no  doubt  the  finest  modem 
building  in  Hull.  The  style  is  Italian, 
with  a  clock  tower  or  campanile. 

Sigh  -  tireet,  the  most  important 
street  in  ancient  Hull,  now  a  narrow 
and  iocoovenient  lane,  follows  the  rt. 
bank  of  the  Hull.  Here  were  the 
hoDses  of  the  great  Hull  mfirchanta. 
About  half-way  down  the  street  (I.  in 
descending)  is  WiUterfonx  Bmue  or 
BuHdinge,  in  which  William  Wilber- 
foice  was  bom.  On  the  rt.  side  of  the 
street  is  the  Qeorm  Yard,  connecting 
High-street  and  Lowgafe,  with  some 
15th-cent.  portions.  Another  ancient 
inn  was  the  Kitig's  Head,  also  in 
High-street,  and  appatentt^  of  the 
end  of  the  I4th  cent.,  and  in  Silver- 
street  stands  the  White  Hart  Ion, 
once  the  residence  of  the  Governor  of 
Hnll. 

In  the  newer  part  cf  Hull,  N.  of  the 
docks,  the  chief  place  to  be  visited  is 
the  Soyal  Inetiiution  in  Albioa-Hrtet. 
The  building  was  opened  in  1851 
(Cuthbert  Biodriok,  archit.),  and  con- 
tains nnder  the  same  roof  the  SiJucrip- 
tioa  Ltbrary  and  the  Jfuseunt  of  ibe 
Literary  and  Fhilotophieal  Society. 
Popular  lectures  are  given  every 
Saturday  evening  throughout  the  year. 
The  Maaeum  contains  many  curiosities 
worth  notice  (admiasion  Id.^. 

Excarsiota  may  be  made  to  Beverley 
(20  min.  by  railwayX  but  CoUingl^m 
(stat.)CA.  should  be  seen  on  the  way;  to 
Burton  ConddOe  (by  railway  to  iforn- 
ua,  which  place  may  also  be  visited^, 
the  stalely  park  and  mansion  of  Sir 
F.  A,  Talbot  Clifford-Constable.  The 
hoiue  is  of  various  dates :  but  the  two 
principal  fronts  (E.  and  W.)  may  bo 
temp.  Jeuucs  or  Charles  I. ;  the  grand 
staircase  and  the  library  are  especially 
worth  notice..  To  the  highly  pictur- 
esque ruins  of  Thornton  AMiey.  Take 
eteam-ferrv  at  Corporation  Pier  to 
New  Holland  Stat.,  and  thenoe  by 
train  (11  mins.)  to  Thornton  Abbey 
Stat,  close  to  the  ruins. 

To  the  Churches  of  Hedoit  (SJ  m.) 
Q  2 


228 


SVKGSRFOnD—irVXSTAyTOS'. 


B»d  FatringUm  (14  m.)  on  tha  Hull 
anil  WithemseB  Railway,  The  great 
western  portal  and  the  aisle  portals 
N.  and  S.  of  the  Ch.  of  Hedon  should 
be  examined  on  the  eiterior.  The  Ch. 
at  Patrington  is  not  only  one  of  the 
gloriee  of  YocltBhire,  but  of  England. 
It  would  be  difficult  to  mention  a  more 
perfectly  beautiful  church.  Thenavois 
separated  from  its  aisles,  and  the  tran- 
septs from  their  aisles,  by  very  graceful 
clustered  oolumna.  On  the  exterior, 
the  W.  window,  the  tracery  of  the  aisle 
windows,  the  bnttresses  which  divide 
each  bay  of  nave,  chancel,  and  tran- 
septs, the  groteBq,iie  guigoyles,  end 
the  doorwayin  the  N.  transept,  should 
be  especially  remarked. 

To  Barton-on-HuviLer,  6  m.  B.W. 
(Inn:  George  H.),  by  ferry  to  N.  Hol- 
land, thance  by  rail,  where  there  are 
2  interesting  churches,  one  of  them 
(S(.  Peler'i)  of  Saion  origin. 

Wilhemeea  (20  m.  by  N.  E.  Ely.) 
B.  watering  pl»ce,  which  is  gradually 
rising  in  public  favour, owingchieB^to 
the  salnbrity  and  dry  and  bnioing 
character  of  its  atmosphere.  The 
neighbourhood  is  imintereating,  but 
thntuisagood  hotel  "The  Queen's," 
and  D  pier  ia  rapidly  approaching  com- 
pletion. 

HvLNB  Abbet,  see  Alniniek. 

Huns-erford  (Berks.).  Slut, 
G.  W,  Rlj.  Jim.-  'Three  Swans  (in 
the  town)  very  good:  the  only  one. 
This  town,  which  is  partly  in  Wiltshire, 
is  watered  by  tho  Kennet,  and  the 
Kennet  aud  Avon  Canal,  and  has 
long  been  the  favourite  resort  for  the 
angler.  It  consists  chiefly  of  two 
good  streets,  with  a  Town  Halt, 
in  whicli  is  carefully  preserved  an 
ancient  horn  given  to  the  tomnsmen 
by  John  of  Gannt,  along  with  tlie 
flahery  in  the  Kennet,  which  is  a  con- 
siderable source  of  revenue  to  the  cor- 

The  CL.  which  was  rebuilt  in  ISU, 
contains  n  good  Perp.  font  from  the  old 
edifice. 

■2i  m.  E,  is  Avingbia,  a  villogo  poa- 
Boeaing  one  of  the  most  interesting 
churches  in  the  county,  a  very  small 
edifice  (75  ft.  by  14  ft.  7  in.),  which 
ba«   been  jndiclouBty  restored.    It  if 


worthy  careful  study,  being  very  good 
Norm.  The  chancel  arch  and  that  of 
the  6.  door  are  very  fine. 

Litilecote  Ball,  i  m.,  the  seat  of  the 
Pophams  (no  lon^c  shown,  not  even 
hen  the  family  is  away),  situated  in 
well  woodtd  park  in  valley  of  the 
Kennet,  It  is  a  picturesque  speoi- 
:en  of  an  almost  unaltered  Ifith-cent. 
lansiou.  The  house  is  full  of  interest- 
ig  objects.  Among  the  numerous 
family  portraits  are  those  of  Judge 
Popham  and  Nell  Gwyn. 

IliiDiitnnTon  (locally  called 
HuHfton)  (Norfolk,).  Stat.  Gt  E.  Ely., 
about  I  hr.  by  rail  from  Lt/nn.  The 
station  is  at  the  now  town,  gene- 
rally called  "St  Edmund's."  Letters 
should  be  directed  accordingly,  other- 
they  go  to  old  Hunstanton  (the 
vilkgK),  Ijm.  distant.  Inns.- (at 
St.  Edmund's)  (iolden  Lion;  Sand- 
ringham  H.,  a  large  hotel,  built  by  tjia 
railway  company.  At  Hunstanton  vil- 
lage, Uie  '-  Le  Strange  Arms,"  quiet 
and  old  fashioned.  Lodgings  abound 
at  St,  Edmund's,  but  it  mnst  be  re- 
membered that  during  the  summer  the 
place  is  eiposed  to  constant  forays 
of  excursionists.  Tha  chief  attractions 
7Uff,  about  1  m.  long,  and 
ch  at  its  highest  point,  tho 
ly  beach   below  it,  and  the 

There  is  a  pleasant  walk  along  the 
cliff  to  the  lighthouse,  near  which  are 
the  shattered  ruins  of  St.  Edmund's 

The  old  village  of  Ilunstantoa  lies 
somewhat  inland  from  tho  lighthouse. 
The  family  of  Le  Strange  Imve  been 
lords  here  siiice  the  Conquest.  The 
Ch.,  of  early  Deo.  character,  was 
almost  entirely  rebuilt  by  the  late  Mr. 
Le  Strange.  It  is  very  beautiful.  The 
oaken  roof  ia  rich  and  massive,  witji 
half  figures  of  the  Apostles  in  tho 
nave,  and  angels  in  the  choir.  Bound 
the  font  are  panels  in  mosaic. 

Near  the  Ch.  is  tlie  entrance  t« 
lion  Hall,  the  ancient  residence 


of  the  Le  Stranges.  The  house  is  for 
the  most  part  ix  tho  end  of  tho  15Ui 
cent.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  moat,  aud 
contains  some  aneient  armour,  old  fiir- 
nitive,  and  fnmily  pictures. 


HUNTINGDON— HYTHE. 


The  Ch.  at  SneUisJiam,  1)  m. 
tiie  SnettiahuQ  Station  (5^  m.  from 
HuustnJilon),  Hhould  be  visited.  The 
positionof  tieeh.ia  striking,  and  there 
IS  much  pleasing  scenery  iu  the  iicigh- 
liourLood.  The  tower  was  central; 
but  the  chancel  and  N.  transept 
ruined,  only  tingments  of  wall  lem 
ing  in  each.  The  composition  of  the 
towei  ia  fine ;  and  the  amiDgeinents  of 
the  tower  windows  should  be  noticed. 
The  W.  froid  of  the  ch.  is  remarkable, 
and  resembles,  on  a  amall  scale,  the 
W.  front  of  Peterboroogh  Oatljedral. 
The  windon  above  the  porch  is  su- 
perb. The  piers  and  arcties  of  the 
naTfl  are  loftj  iind  fine,  and  the  clere- 
Bto^  above  them  is  remarhable. 

HoNSTANwoBTB,  Bee  Slanhope. 

Buntlntrdon  (Huntingc 
Three  Stats. :  (a)  G.  N.  Ely.,  59  m.  from 
London,  and  19  m,  from  Peterborough ; 
(j>)  G.  E.  Bly.,  77}  m.  from  London, 
ma  Cambridge  and  St  Irea  June. ; 
and  (c)  Midi.  Rlv..  Kettering  and 
Cambridge  branch  (Inns;  George 
Hotel ;  Fountain  Hotel ;  visitors  re- 
commended to  sleep  at  Peterborough 
or  Cambridge) — is  pleasantly  situated 
on  1.  bunk  of  the  Ouse.  The  ancient 
Ch.  of  AU  Saints,  in  the  Market- 
pluoe,  has  been  well  restored  by 
Sir  a.  G.  Seott.  The  stained  glaas, 
pulpit,  and  font  are  especially  note- 
\>orthy.  In  one  of  the  old  registers 
kept  in  the  vestry, is  the  celebrated  entry 
of  the  baptism  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  \o- 
gether  with  the  record,  about  twenty 
years  later,  of  his  having  done  pen- 
ance. The  Protector's  fiither  was 
buried  in  the  Ch.,  1617.  His  younger 
eon.  Col.  Wm.  Cromnel],  who  died  of 
the  plague,  1666,  was  buried  at  ^m- 
tei),  10  m.  N.E.,and  6J  m.  ftom  Holme 
Jane,  G.  N.  Bly.  On  the  outskirts  of 
the  town,  W.,  is  Hinckin^rooli,  for- 
merly the  residence  of  the  Cromwell 
family,  now  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Sandwich.  In  memory  of  his  eldest 
son,  killed  iu  the  railway  accident  at 
Abbots  Bipton,  Mr.  Dion  Buucicault 
Las  undertaken  to  restore,  at  his  own 
ooa^  the  dilapidated  bul1din|2:s  of  the 
(Jrommor  Scftooi  in  which  Oliver 
Cromwell  was  educated ;  also  to  erect 
A  drinking  fountain,    St  Marij't  CIi. 


(under  restoration,  1876),  situated 
between  All  Saints  Ch.  and  tha 
bridge,  was  rebuilt  1620.  It  has  a 
very  One  tower  and  some  remarkable 


The 


run  in  July)  is  about  five  minutes' walk 
from  the  Market-place.  An  ancient 
stone  bridge  (erected  before  1259) 
crosses  the  Onse  to,  i  m.  S.,  Godaian- 
cheeler,  the  site  of  (lie  Bomau  station 
Purolipons.  Eimbollon  (Stat.  Midi. 
Ely.)  IS  11  m.  W.  The  Ch.,  E.  E. 
style,  la  worth  a  vimt.  At  the  Ca$tU, 
seat  of  the  Duke  of  Manchester,  Cathe- 
rine of  Arragon,  wife  of  Henry  VIII., 
d.  1536.  The  collection  of  pictures 
includes  fine  examples  of  Holbein, 
Eubens,  Vamlykc,  Kneller,  £c.,  and 
the  Library  is  very  valuable  and  ex- 
tensive. 5  m.  E.  of  Huntingdon  is  St. 
Iveg,  where  bgtli  the  Midi,  and  G.  B. 
Elys,  have  a  station.  Inn:  Golden 
Lion,  There  is  a,  reading  room  in  the 
Mutual  Improvement  Society's  offices 
in  BuUock-raarket,  and  in  the  Literary 
Institute,  close  to  the  Marketplace. 
At  Hemingford  Greji,  1}  m.  &.W.,  the 
Ch.  of  St,  James  is  a  very  ancient 
structure,  and  contains  some  good  spe- 
cimens of  Norm,  and  E.-E.  architec- 
ture. 8t.  Neoti  (Stat.  0.  N.  Ely.)  ia 
9  m.  S.  of  Huntingdon.  Tbe  Ch. 
(Perp.)  has  a  flue  tower,  some  interest- 
ing wood-carving,  and  good  stained 
glass.  The  Ch.  at  Samiey  (ti.  tupra) 
is  well  worth  a  visit.  In  the  ch^kcel 
is  a  remarkaMy  flne  and  interesting 
lectern  of  wood. 

HoBLisr,  Bee  Tliamet. 

HuBSLET,  see  Winehester. 

HcRSTHOHCEDx,  scc  HaiWtam. 

HuBWoaTK,  see  Darlingtrnt. 

HuTTOM  BuBCEL,  See  ^aTboraugh. 

Hyde  Ahbsv,  see  Wiacheiter. 

HVLTON,  see  Suaderlaad. 

HvTHB  (Hants.),  see  Southampton. ' ' 

Hythe  (Kent),  Stat  8.  E.  Ely. 
Inm,  Swan:  White  ^rL  This  is 
one  of  the  cinque  ports,  but  there  is 
now  a  waste  of^  shingle,  a  mde  widr^ 
between  the  town  and  the  sea.  A 
suburb  has  been  formed  on  the  shore, 
lome  houses  erected.  The  School 
of  Musketry  has  been  established  here, 
id  the  shore  westward  ia  thickly 
udded  witti  rifle-butts. 


EYTHE—ILFRAOOMBE. 


The  Ch.  (8t.  Leonard's)  Btnnds  on 
high  groimd  cofumanding  a  flue  view 
of  the  aea  and  Romney  Maiah,  and 
well  deaeirea  a  riait.  In  what  ia  iro- 
propetlj  called  the  omit,  ie  tin  extre- 
OTduiary  cotleofon  of  huioaii  BkoUs 
end  bones. 

I  m.  N.  of  Hfthe  are  the  remuns  of 
Saiiacod'CiKtU,  pictcKsquel;  situated. 
Within  the  outet  w&Ua  was  a  hvxA 
deep  moat.  Beyond  the  most  ia  Qvb 
inner  QaMwate,  flanked  by  tvo  cir- 
cular toweta  feltwood  Ch.  liaa  been 
restored  and  is  worth  a  Tisit. 

At  L^ne.  3  m.,  are  the  ruins  of 
tile  ancient  doafrum,  now  known  as 
Stud/aU  Cattle.  The  area  (about  12 
acres)  ie  nnevon  and  intersected  by 
hedges ;  and  the  visitor  who  desires  to 
obt^n  a  proper  idea  of  tbe  Oastmm, 
and  of  its  relation  to  the  haven,  should 
walk  down  to  the  canal  bank,  and 
thonco  look  back  npon  it. 

Adjoining  the  Weetenhanger  Btat 
(3i  m.),  among  some  fine  old  walnnt 
trees,  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient 
mansion  of  Weilenhimger,  a  good  ex- 
ample of  tlie  fortified  manor  hooae  of 
the  nth  cent  It  is  surrounded  bj  a 
broad  moat,  enclosing  a  quadrangle, 
the  walls  of  which  were  defended  by 


remain;  and  tbe  interior  buildings 
have  all  but  disappeared,  a  brmliouse 
having  been  huilt  on  part  of  the  site. 
(See  also  Fdlkeitone.'} 

loKLESHAM,  See  WinclulUea. 

loELivsBAM,  see  Bury  St.  Sdmuade. 

lOEWOBTB,  see  Bury  St.  Edmwtda. 

iDEEitL,  aee  Sevenoaka. 

In-LEr,  see  Oxford  (Excuro.). 

IrOBS,  see  Leaei, 

lOHTSAH,  see  Senenodla,  and  Tan- 

Ilau,  see  Dovedale. 

Klfiracotnbe  (Devon.).  Stat. 
L.  &  S.  W.  Bly„  irfo  Exeter ;  also  con- 
veniently reached  by  Qt.  W.  Bly.  from 
Paddington  viS  Taunton  and  Barn- 
staple. In  the  season,  four-horse 
covered  waggonettes  mn  three  times 
daUyin  connection  with  Gt.  W.  trains. 
Holders  of  Gt.  W.  Bly.  tickets  cannot, 
however,  travel  by  rail  between  Barn- 
staple and  It&acombe,  without   pay- 


ment of  extra  &re  (Ss.  Srst-clasa 
return)  to  the  L.  &  S.  W.  Bly.,  to 
which  company  the  new  line  belouga. 
A  pleasant  mode  of  reaching  Hfra- 
corobe  in  summer  time  is  to  take  the 
train  from  Bristol  to  Portisbead, 
thence  by  steamer,  or  to  proceed 
direct  from  Bristol  by  water. 
The  latter  steamers  call  at  Swansea, 
going  and  retiuriing.  Tlie  Cornish 
st(«mer  also  calls  at  Ilfracombe  pier 
on  its  pasaase  between  Wadebridge, 
Padstow,  and  Bristol.  Inni:  **nfni- 
combe  Hotel;  *Royal  Clarence,  com- 
fortable ;  Britannia,  near  the  harbour. 
There  are  also  numeroas  lodging- 
houses.  The  chief  attractions  of  tbu 
increasing  and  now  fashionable  water- 
ing-place are  its  fine  bracing  air, 
bold,  picturesque  coast  scenery,  and 
its  convenient  position  for  dalightfol 
excursions  inland.  On  the  E.  side 
of  the  Ilfracombe  Hotel,  and  between 
it  and  the  harbour  and  new  pier,  is 
thelpleasant  $ea  toalk,  well  supplied 
with  seats,  round  Cap^'/ne  HiU.  The 
headland  (117  ft.)  seen  beyond,  ia 
HeUiboroiigh,  on  which  is  one  of 
those  old  earthworks  called  "  Cliff- 
castles."  From  it  the  visitor  may 
ramble  through  the  village  of  SeU  to 
Watermoalh,  SmaUrnunith,  and  Combe 
Marlin  (aee  Lynlan).  On  the  W.  side 
of  the  hotel  are  the  Baths,  and  the 
charming  walks  (admission  Id.)  ronnd 
the  cliffs  known  as  tbe  Seven  Tcre.  A 
tunnel  at  the  back  of  the  baths  leads 
to  the  Ladiei'  BaOiing  cone.  The  little 
hill  between  Capstone  Hill  and  the 
new  pier  is  Lantern  BiU,  on  which  la 
the  lighthouse  (once  an  ancient  chuiel), 
the  lower  part  of  which  is  now  fitted 
as  A  newsroom  for  the  inhabitants  and 
visitors.  A  w^  or  ride  to  Lynlon 
(20  m.)  affords  an  opportonity  M  ex- 
ploring the  finest  scbnery  in  the 
county.  For  routes,  &c.,  see  Lynton, 
In  a  westerly  direction  the  visitor  can 
make  an  excursion  to  the  7aH«/  of 
Lee,  Boekham,  Morthoe,  and  the  Wool- 
laeoJtibe  Sands  (about  6  m.  distant), 
tre  also  Bideford.  At  tbe  end  of  the 
Warren  forming  the  !K.  point  of  Itortt 
Bay  is  a  magnificent  aea  view,  with 
Lundy  Island  in  tbe  distance.  S.  of 
MortJioe  we  the  Bands  and  Sarritaite, 


ILEEBTON^ILKLEY. 


a  delightful  spot,  where  the  beaoh  con- 
aisls  ofanoat  entirely  of  sheila,  many 
beaatifnl  and  curious.  On  \he  road  to 
JJorBgtopie,  12J  m,,  is  Bro«?iton,  8  m,, 
where  the  Oh.  wUl  repaj  a  visit. 

IlkestOD  (DeiV')-  Stat.  Mid. 
BI7.  (Erewaah  Vail.  Branch}.  Inn: 
KuUand  Arma.  The  Gh.  oantaina  a 
fine  stone  Deo.  screen.  There  are 
mineial  springs  res^abling  those  of 
Beltzer,  and  baths  of  great  repute  in 
rhouniatlam  and  acrofula. 

Ilkley  (Torkahiro).  Stat  Midi. 
Ely.  (Leeds  io  Ilkley).  It  may  also 
be  reached  by  a  branch  of  the  N.  E, 
Kly.,  by  way  of  Arthington  Jnnction. 
The  jooniey  &ani  Leeds  by  tdthei 
line  occnpiea  about  1  hr.  Innt 
••Middleton  H.;  The  Crescent  H. 
Albion. 

Hydropa&ie  EitaiAiA'menia  at  which 
Tiattors  who  are  not  patienla  are  re- 
ceived—Ben  EhyJding;  nklevWella 
House ;  CntighuidE,  Troutbeck,  and 
West  View,  are  cheaper  eetaUish- 
menta ;  the  Wbarfedale  Couvoleeoents' 
Home,  for  persons  of  moderate  means. 
Carriages  may  be  hired  at  the  railway 
station.  Tickets  for  fishioK  in  the 
Wharfs  may  be  obtained  at  £e  hotels, 
2«.  M.  a-day. 

□kley  BbtQi 
S.  hank  of  tl 
Bombald'a  Moor.  It  derives  its  im- 
portance wholly  from  the  water-our* 
estabU'shnients  wbicb  have  of  latt 
years  been  established  in  its  imme- 
diate neighbourhood.  From  the  vil- 
lage in  flie  bottom  of  the  vale,  ax 
array  of  villas  and  terraces  is  spnaA- 
ing  up  the  hillside. 

Ben  Bhyddiag,  at  which  there  ii 
railway  station,  staods  about  1}  m. 
of  the  village.    It  is  a  palatial  pile 
the  Scottish  baromal  style,  surrounded 
by  plantations  and  beautiful  gromids, 
and    commandiog    very   ^e   views. 
-The     bonae   can   accommodate     160 
-visitors. 

10%  Wtlls  Bmue  is  also  a  stately 
tmildii^i  eioellentty  fitted  np,  and 
commanding  fine  views. 

The  ChuTi^,  for  the  most  part  early 
Uec.,  has  been  restored,  to  the  confu- 
Bion  of  the  antiquary.  Observe  at  the 
yi.  end  of  the  N,  aisle  the  morions 


pews  of  carved  oak  (1633X  and  in  the 
oh.-yd.  the  three  remarkable  soulp- 

Pleasant  tealke  may  be  taken  in  all 
directiooa  froia  Ilklev.  Overlianging 
Ben  Bbydding  are  the  Cmb  OTid  Ca^ 
Bociia,  1  m.  S.E.,  oommanding  a  mag- 
nificent view  of  Wharfodale. 

Beyond  Ilklev  WelU  House,  the 
Panorama  Bock  commands  a  wide 
view  of  the  hills  N.  of  Bolton  aod 
Bkqiton. 

SumbalSi  (generally  called  Bomell's 
Kumblea}  Jifwir  (1323  ft)  2  m.  B-, 
is  well  worth  climbing;  the  views 
&om  it  are  most  extensive.  A  pleasant 
walk  or  drive  may  be  taken  across  the 
moor  to  KeigiUy,  the  distance  about 
7  m, 

Other  walks  may  be  taken  to  HoUm 
floU,  Ii  m.  on  the  Skipton  road,  the 
old  honse  of  the  Hebere.  It  is  now  a 
rather  picturesque  farmhouse  with 
gabled  end  and  mtdlioned  windows. 
JViin/  DeU,  3  m.  N.  from  Ilkley,  above 
the  hamlet  of  Middleton,  is  a  wooded 
glen  worth  visiting.  The  Black  Ton 
(3  m.),  a  waterfall  in  I«ngber  Gill,  is 
picturesque.  Denton  Park,  .t  m.  N.E. 
Carriage  drit«  through  the  Park. 

Tourists  who  intend  to  visit  Bolton 
Priory,  and  the  beautifnl  scenery  on 
the  Wharfe  between  the  Priory  and 
Bsrden  Tower,  must  take  the  road  to 
Skipton  (Skipton  is  9  m.  from  Ilkley), 
and  tnm  oQ'  the  road  a  little  before 
they  reaoh  Addingbam  (Suan  Jnn), 
S  m.,  whence  Bolton  is  4  m.  (it  is  6 
m.  from  Ilkley).  Beyond  iteanuley, 
and  at  Boltoa  Bridge,  2  m.  from 
Addiogham,  the  Daxnuhire  Arm» 
Hold  will  be  passed,  a  good  inn, 
which  may  be  need  for  a  day  or  two 
by  those  who  desire  to  explore  the 
Bolton  scenery  at  leisure.  But  the 
visitor  who  desires  to  make  bimnwlf 
really  acquainted  with  thia  conntry, 
ahould  give  at  least  a  fortnight  to  ft, 
and  establish  himself  in  one  of  the 
farmhonaee  of  the  ueighbonrhood, 
many  of  which  take  lodgers.  About 
i  m.  beyond  the  Devonshire  Arms  are 
the  honsea  of  the  guides  to  the  Priory 
I  and  to  the  woods.  (U.  is  charged  for 
all  carriages  cutting  the  woods, 
I  which  are  uee  to  persons  on  fbot.) 


232 


ILKLET—IPSWIGS. 


The  niina  of  Bolton  Priori/  stand 
apatcb  of  open  ground,  roiuid  which  the 
WharFe  curves.  Much  wood  clusters 
about  the  ruins  aud  the  river  bank ; 
and  acroas  the  Whajfe  a  steep  rock 
riaea.  The  chief  relic  of  the  Priory  is 
the  church,  the  nave  of  which  is  per- 
fect, and  baa  been  restored,  but  the 
Test  of  the  church  is  in  complete  ruin. 
The  lowta  walls  of  the  choir  are  Trans. 
Norm.  Observe  the  beautiful  view, 
looking  across  the  chuir,  through  its 
S.  door. 

Of  the  eonrentaai  buildings,  the 

The  Fnory  Bam,  with  some  ouiiooB 
timber  work,  is  still  used,  and  ia  worth 

BoUoB  Hall  (Duke  of  DeTousbJie), 
which  stands  a  aliort  distance  W.  of 
tho  church,  is  entirely  modem,  with 
the  esoeption  of  the  central  portion, 
which  was  the  gateway  of  the  Priory. 
The  hall,  formed  out  of  the  ancient 
archwaj,  is  represented  in  Landseer'B 
well-known  picture.  Tho  house  is 
sometimes  shown,  and  costains  a  few 
pictures  and  portraits  of  interest. 

The  woods  and  walks  of  Bolton  are 
freely  open,  except  on  Sunday.  The 
Boenery  between  the  Priory  and  Bardon 
Tower,  where  the  Wharfe,  for  about  a 
distance  of  2  m.,  runs  through  a  deep 
wooded  ravine,  ia  of  tho  finest  cha- 
tacter.  The  walks  aud  drives  through 
the  woods  are  so  numerous  that  (espe- 
cially if  the  visitor'^  time  be  short)  it 
will  be  better  for  him  to  bo  acoom- 
panied  by  a  guide. 

Across  the  river,  and  climbing  the 
aide  of  Siraoa  Seat  (1593  ft.),  whence 
there  is  a  magnilicent  view,  is  Bolbm 
Park,  the  ancient  deer-park  of  the 
ClifEinis.  Bimon  Beat  may  be  reached 
either  through  Bolton  Park,  or  from 
Barden.  The  latter  is  the  easier  route. 

The  scene  at  the  Utrid  is  ciceed- 
ingly  fine,  eapeciaUy  after  rain.  The 
river  is  here  hemmed  in  between  ledges 
of  rocks,  and  the  scene  is  in  great 
fiivour  with  artists.  Be&utlfol  paths 
wind  through  the  woods  and  along  the 
hillsides ;  aud  a  little  beyond  the 
Strid,  Barden  Tower  rises  beyond  the 
valley,  backed  by  slopes  of  heather. 
The  ruin  Is  (hat  of  a  large  squfire 


building,  the  greater  part  probably  of 
Henry  vll.'s  time,  with  a  chapel  at- 
tached. A  part  of  the  tower  adjoining 
the  chapel  still  serves  as  a  farmhouse, 
and  lodgings  are  sometinieB  to  be  had 
here  in  summer.  The  view  from  tlio 
front  of  the  chapel  is  very  fine,  and 
tho  whole  position  of  the  tower,  with 
Barden  Fell  rising  behind  it,  is  most 
piotureeque.  There  is  a  picturesque 
fall  on  tho  Gili-beek,  which  descends 
to  the  Wharfe  a  litUe  N.  of  tile  bridge 
below  Barden  Tower.  From  SWjrfon 
may  be  visited  tlje  grand  scenery  at 
Gordale  and  Malhun  (see  Skipton). 
Oil^  and  Otleg  Ckevin  (925  a)  are 
distant  20  mins.  by  rly.,  the  latter 
commandii^  a  beautifhl  view.  It  ia  a 
pleasant  walk  to  Arthingtou  Jnnc, 
4  m.  In  the  Ch.  at  Otley  are  some 
Fairfax  monls. 

Insestse,  see  Stafford. 

iNstBBOEOUGH,  See  Settle. 

I'sai.ECOV,  see  Settle. 

Ihkbbbrow,  see  Aleeiter. 

IssTOW  Quay,  see  Bideford. 

Ifflkpen,  see  Weiolon  Abbot. 

Ipswich  (Suaolk).  Stat  Gt. 
E.  BIy.  Bteamers  run  three  times 
a-we^  in  the  summer  time  (daily, 
except  Sundays,  in  August)  between 
London  and  Ipswich.  Steamers  also 
ply  several  times  daily  between 
Ipswich  and  Earmeh  (time  1  hr.). 
Iims :  White  Horse,  Tavern-street ; 
Crown  and  Anchor,  Wcstgate-street ; 
Golden  Lion,  Corn-hill,  'remperonce 
Hotel,  Princess-street  This  town  is 
agreeably  placed,  on  a  gentle  slopes 
at  the  head  of  the  salt-water  estuiuy 
of  the  Orwell.  A  tolerably  good  idea 
of  its  position  is  to  be  obliged  from 
the  hill  above  the  railway  station,  and 
a  belter  one  from  the  tower  cj'  St. 
Mary-at-Key. 

Ipswich  contama  fourteen  chuiobes, 
but  most  of  them  are  not  remarkable. 
SL  MaTgarrffi  ia  a  Dec.  building,  with 
some  Porp.  additions.  The  wooden 
roof  of  the  nave  is  very  ricb,  thongh 
much  mutilated.  The  tower  is  fine, 
and  the  stepped  battlements  of  the 
church  should  be  noticed.  jS^  Mary- 
td-Totxet  bos  been  rebuilt,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Perp,  piers  and  arches. 
At  V.19  end  of  ttte  S.  aisl^  is  a  loftji  ntid 


IPSWIOH—ISLEWOItTE. 


Yery  piotuiesque  tower,  capped  by  a 
spite.  The  Ck.  o/St.  Mary-at-Key  ii 
Perp.  with  a  very  good  nftve-roof.  Tin 
font  and  lofty  lower  deavxve  atten- 
tion ;  also  a  braea,  in  very  good  pre- 
BerfatioD. 

8parroa^»  Hovte,  in  tiie  Old  Butter 
Market,  now  occupied  bj  Mr,  Haddock, 
bookselUr,  is  on  excellent  apecimen  uf 
Chariea  IL  ornameDtatioD. 

The  3fu«eum,  in  Umeum-stieet,  iM 
worth  visiting.  It  is  open  free 
throughout  the  week,  except  Monday, 
from  10  A.K.  to  5  rjs.,  and  from  7  p.m. 
to  9  pji.  There  is  a  rich  colleetion  of 
foaailB  from  the  Norfolk  and  Suffolk 
Craa 


ch.-;d.  This  gateway  is  the  sole  relic 
of  the  college.  It  is  a  low  Tndor 
portal  in  brick,  in  a  state  of  fair  pi< 


The  Lower  Ar1)metum    (admiaei 
Gd)  ia  divided  trata  the  upper  by  a 
narrow  lane.    The  upper  ia  Gee  to  the 

The  Factory  of  Xettri,  Bamomea, 
Sinu,  and  Mead,  the  well-known 
makeiB  of  agricultural  itnplcmenta,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Orwell,  adjoining 
the  Ipswich  Dock,  is  well  worth  ' 
lag.  It  covers  thirteen  acres, 
employs  more  than  160U  men. 

The  trip  by  steamer  to  Harwich 
shonld  on  no  account  be  omitted. 
The  banks  of  the  OrneU  rise  in  un- 
dulating and  vaiied  slopes,  covered 
with  rich  woods  and  lawns.  Freston 
Tower  is  worth  notice.  From  the 
bends  in  its  course  the  river  is  land- 
locked, and,  when  tho  tide  is  up,  re- 
sembles a  liiie  inland  lake. 

Walki.—(a)  Fin  MiU,  6  m.,  halfway 
between  Ipswich  and  Harwich,  at 
which  the  steamers  call,  crossing 
Stoke  Bridge  and  Bourn  Bridge,  and 
proceeding  through  Wherstead,  " 


,  To 

Sproa^Mon,  Bramford,  and  Claydon 
(4  m.).  in  the  Valley  of  the  Gipping, 
retumin"  by  raiL  (c)  To  Gains- 
burough-lano,  by  way  of  Bishop's  Hill 
and  thQ  laoe-conrse,  returning  by  the 
footpath  which  skirts  the  Orwell, 
Wootverttone  I'utI:   (Mr.   Herners)  is 


uudohiting  and  finely  wooded,  and  for 
permission  to  visit  it  and  to  iuspect  the 
beautiful  gardens,  ferneries,  dairy,  ic., 
application  should  be  made  to  Mr. 
Shepherd,  the  bead  gardener.  On  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river  are  the 
beautiful  seats  of  Colonel  Tomline 
COrwell  Park),  and  Sir  G.  Broke- 
Middleton  (Shrubknd  Park), 

The  gardens  of  ShnJiland  Park, 
6  m.  from  Ipswich,  are  shown  on 
Fridays  by  written  application.  They 
well  deserve  their  great  reputation. 
There  are  65  acres  of  dressed  ground, 
admirably  varied. 

FdinloiK  iHolelt ;  Bath  H. ;  Pier 
H. ;  Manor  H.,  all  comfortable),  on 
the  tongue  of  laud  between  the  Orwell 
and  Deben,  is  a  pleasant  village  fre- 

Juented  in  summer  for  sea-bathing. 
t  may  be  reached  in  J  hr,  by  rail- 
way from  Ipswich,  Irom  Harwich  by 
sleam-launcn  to  Walton,  opposite 
Pier  Hotel;  or  by  road,  12  m.  from 
Ipswich. 

Ironbridre  (Salop),  —  Stat. 
Severn  Valley  Bly.  and  Gt  W.  Ely. 
(Jjin:  Tontine) — is  a  town  dependent 
on  the  adjoining  coal  and  iron  works 
of  Coalbrookdole,  sitnated  in  a  Une 
gorge  of  the  Severn.  It  is  celebrated 
for  its  £rMi3e,ofcast-iron,withanoroh 
of  120  ft,  span,  erected  by  Abraham 
Darby  in  1779.  It  is  well  seen  from 
the  railway,  and  is  interesting  as 
being  the  first  iron  bridge  succeasMly 
built.  Buildmae  Abbey  (seo  Bridij' 
north)  is  1  m.  W. ;  and  the  Coal^rt 
Ckina   Works,   1  m.  E.      Madeley  is 


Wdliiig- 


1.  N.E. 

lHTHLD4GBOaOUGH, 
bornugh. 

Isle  ot  GitiiN,  see  Sheerneta. 

ISLEUAu,  see  Ely. 

JCslewOrtll  (Middlesex)  lies  on 
the  1.  bank  of  the  Thames,  between 
Brentford  and  Twickenlium,  g)  m. 
W.S.W.  from  Hyde  Park  Corner,  and 
about  i  m.  E.  from  the  Spring  Grove 
SUt,  uf  tho  L.  &  a.  W.  Bly.  (loop 
liuc).    It  extends  for  3  m.  along  the 


s,  where  the  ri 


sylvan,  Kew  Gardens  and  Richmond 
Lower  Park  lining  the  opposite  bank. 
Jnn .-  Northumberland  Arms.  Tho 
mile  &oca  Bremford  is  occupied 


I8LEW0BTB—KELVBD0N. 


b7  the  ducal  park  and  palace  of  Sjon. 
Then  come  the  iTy-clad  ob.  and  mill, 
and  the  rivendde  yiUage,  with  its  good 
old  -  faahioaed  red  briok  lesideiioes, 
shopi,  aad  Ixnthonsea. 

Syon  (or  Sion)  Home,  the  seat  of 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  elands 
in  a  Bmall  park,  which  Bbelches  ftom 
Brentfbl^  to  Isleworth  along  the  L 
bank  of  the  Thames,  opposite  Kew 
OordeDfl.  The  chief  entrance  is  hj 
the  Lion  Qate,  on  the  HoimslDW-ioaci, 
}  m.  beyond  Brentford;  but  a,  murow 
lane  at  Breatford  End,  a  short  dis- 
tooce  E.  of  Uie  gate,  Wds  to  a  pubUa 
footpath,  irbioh  crosses  tbe  park  to 
iBleworth  and  affoijs  a  good  view  of 
tbe  house. 

It  oeonpies  the  tite  of  Sjon  Mouas- 
teiy.  The  house  and  appurtenances 
were  granted  by  Edw.  VI.  lo  his  uncle, 
the  Duke  of  Somerset,  Lord  Protector, 
who  built  himself  a  stBtel;  masBion. 
On  bis  San  it  reverted  to  the  down, 
and  in  1553  the  King  granted  it  to 
John,  Duke  of  Northumberland.  Bj 
bis  execution  6;on  again  reverted  to 
the  Grown,  and  in  1557  Queen  Mary 
restored  tbe  monttater;  and  recalled 
the  nune.  On  the  acoeatiion  of  Eliza- 
beth the  monastery  was  again  sup- 
pressed. In  1604  James  I.  granted 
Syon  to  Henry  Percy,  Earl  of  North- 
omberland.  By  tbe  marriage,  in  1682, 
of  Lady  Elizabeth  Percy,  Syou  was 
conveyed  to  Charles  Seymour,  Duke 
of  Somerset,  and  shorUy  affer  his 
death,  1748,  his  son  and  successor, 
Algernon,  gave  Syon  lo  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  and  her  husband  Sir  Hugh 
Smithson,  who  was  afterwards  created 
Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  in 
whose  descendants  the  tiQe  and  es- 
tates have  since  continued. 

The  furniture  and  decorations  are  of 
the  most  costly  kind ;  there  are  also 
some  good  portraits  and  other  pictures. 
The  OalUry  extends  tbe  entire  length 
of  the  eastern  &ont,  and  is  135  ft. 
long,  14  ft.  wide,  and  14  ft.  high.  It 
is  arranged  as  a  combined  museum 
and  library,  and  contains,  besides  a 
flne  oollec^on  of  books, 
obiects  of  antiquity. 

The  Great  Oooservalon   . 
fono  of  a  wide  crescent,  with  pnviliona 


extremities  and  a  lofty  oentral 
dome.  The  centre,  100  ft.  long,  is  a 
tropical  house,  and  is  said  io  contain 
the  finest  collection  of  tropical  plants 
in  any  private  eetablishmeut  in  Eng- 

Tai,Tp  (Nortbants.),  see  Tkra^ 

lauF  (Oion),  see  Oxford  (ES 

Itington,  see  Leomituler. 

In  Bbiboe,  see  Dartmoor. 

IxwoBTH,  see  .Bury  St.  Edim 

Jabbow,  see  Sanderland. 

jEitTAUi.x  AsBET,  see  NorOialhrtoa. 

KEDDmsTON,  see  Clare. 

Kbdlkston  Hall,  see  Derby. 

KeiiThler  (Vorksh.)  (pron. 
"Keathley").  Stat.,  Midi.  Ely.  The 
Worth  FoU™  Ely.  eJso  nms  frran 
Keighley  to  uxenhope.  Jnn :  'Devon- 
shire Arms.  The  town  is  pleasantly 
situated.  A  very  healthy  walk  of  bo- 
tween  7  and  8  m,  over  Rnmbald'a 
Moor,  will  bring  the  tourist  to  llMey 
(see). 

On  the  abort  branch  rulway  to  Oxen- 
hope  iBifau<Dr(A(6tat.)— Inn:  Black 
B^l — intereatitig  from  its  association 
with  tlie  Brontes.  It  was  to  this  place 
that  Mr,  Brente  brought  his  wiie  and 
children  in  Feb.  1820;  Charlotte,  the 
eldeet,  died  here  May  Slat,  1855, 
having,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
residence  in  Brussels,  ^nt  almost  the 
whole  of  her  life  at  Haworth,  where 
her  novels  were  written.  Mr.  Bront« 
died  in  1861,  aged  85,  having  been  in- 
cumbent of  Haworth  for  more  than  41 
years. 

Kbi.i>,  see  Biekmond  (Yorks.) 

KzLOAX,  see  Neaark. 

Kelvedon  (Essex)— Stat,  Gt. 
E.  Ely.  (Jnn*;  Angel;  Star) — consists 
of  one  long  street,  extending  from  the 
th.  to  the  station,  olose  to  which  is  a 
bridge  over  the  Blaokwater.  In  the 
Swim  tavern  is  some  curious  wood 
carving  and  panelling.  4J  n.  S.E.  is 
Tiplree  Hall,  where  Mr.  Mechi  carried 
on  his  important  experiments  in  agri- 
culture. Tho  special  distinction  of 
this  &rm  is  the  irrigation  with  liquid 
monore.  A  curious  and  amusing 
visitors'  book  is  kept  at  the  fiirm,  in 
which  Etrangera  &om  every  part  of  tLe 


KENDAL— KESWICK. 


whete  ere  some  muin&ctories  of  silk, 
silk-plnsh  foi  hats,  and  velvets.  The 
Ch.  IB  a  fine  Peip.  bnildiug.  A  Cis- 
teician  abbej  was  founded  here  bj 
Kfng  Stephon,  in  1142,  tho  site  of 
nhicb  is  marked  by  an  old  farmlioiise, 
1.  of  the  road  from  Colchester,  accoss 
the  Blackwater.  The  lemsins  are 
Boantj,  bnt  afford  the  earliedt  instance 
of  mediffival  brick  whioh  has  yet  bean 
notioed  ia  Eoelaud.  At  the  top  of 
the  hill,  bejood  the  river,  is  a  chapel 
of  the  13th  cent,  long  nsed  as  a  barn. 
This  chapel  has  been  restored,  and 
some  good  tiling  wae  fonnd  doting  the 
works.  It  is  not  possible  to  detenuioe 
the  arrangement  of  the  monastio  build- 
ings, and  even  the  site  of  the  ch.  is  not 
certain ;  bnt  tbe  remains  deserve  notice 
as  arobiteetural  &agmeats,  and  are  en- 
tirely of  late  Norm,  and  Trans,  cha- 
>act^.  The  brickwork  should  every- 
where be  noticed.  Numerous  Roman 
remains,  especially  luna  and  coins, 
have  been  fonnd  at  Coggesball.  The 
painted  glass  window,  described  by 
Walpole,  still  remains  in  the  chancel 
of  Meegittg  Ch.,  2  m.  At  a  distance  of 
lather  more  than  2  m.  is  Layer  Harney 
HaO,  bnUt  1520-3  (see  also  WWuim). 
X£.«ndal  (WeatmorO,  Btat,,  L.  i 
N.W.  Ely.^iassengew  by  main  lirn 
change  at  OzenMlme  June.  (Inns 
King's  Arms  Hotel ;   Commercial) — 

?leaaant1y  situated,  on  the  Biver  Kent, 
'here  are  several  important  woollen 
mantdaotoriea,  which  give  employ- 
ment to  a  large  amnber  of  the  mha- 
bitanta.  The  fine  old  parish  Ch.  is 
well  worth  visiting.  It  is  chieQy  : 
markable  for  having  5  aisle^  and 
the  E.  end  are  3  private  chapels.  Tbe 
helmet  suspended  in  the  N.  aisle  be- 
longed to  the  redoubtable  Major  Phil- 
itwon  (Kobin  the  Devil),  of  Belle  Xale, 
Windennere,  who  rode  into  the  ch. 


ferred  to  by  Sir  W.  Scott,  in  '  Rokeby. 
The  NaiKTol  HUtory  Society'e  Muteitm 
has  a  good  collection,  especially  of 
fossils  &om  tbe  ne^hbouring  carboni- 
ferous limestone  (admission  by  order 
flora  a  member  of  the  Society,  or  on 
payment  of  61.).  IJ  m.  8.W.  of  the 
■  town  is  the  bold  emiueijce  of  •"  "  ' 


HarterF 


Soar,  which  commands  very  striking 
views.  "A  walk  round  the  B.  extre- 
mity of  the  Fell  will  amply  repay 

'itul  section 

id  Silurian 
beds  Sown  to  tbe  level  of  the  moss." 
■Sedgwick. 

It  is  a  pleasant  stroll  to  the  Ca$lU, 
m.  &om  the  town,  on  an  eminence 
I  the  opposite  side  of  the  Kent  river. 
The  mins  consist  of  4  greatly  dilapi- 
dated towers  and  portions  of  walls. 
Little  is  known  of  its  history  (temp, 
circ  12th  eent.).  Qneea  Catherine 
Parr  was  bom  here.  There  was  a 
Watererook,  1  m., 
and  several  relics  found  near  it  OK 
Mnsenm.  The  line 
of  the  fbsae  may  still  be  traced. 

Excurnon*:  MardaU  GreenillaiiKi- 
teater)  ia   IS  m.  from  Kendal.    Fol- 
lowing the  Penrith  road  for  4}  ra,. 
Long    Sleddale    Valley   is    reached  ; 
thenoe  over  the  Gatesgorth  Pass,  and 
cart-road  between  Braustree  and 
also  PonriOi).    There 
are  frequent  trains    to  Windermere, 
10  m. ;   to  Oienholme  Junction,  for 
Lancaster,  Penrith,  and  Carlisle.  Ket- 
aick  may  be  reached  either  by  train, 
j>i£  Penrith,  3J  m,,  or  W  coach  (de- 
lightful drive  of  22  m.)  from  Winder- 
mere  (see  Laku) ;  Lesen*  Halt,  5  m. 
S.  (Hon.  Mrs.  Howard),--Bee  Grange, 
Kenilwoeth,  see  Coventry. 
Kehnal  Vale,  see  Truro, 
KENnaBEABE,  see  Tiaerton. 
ICent'K  Bank  (Lane).  Stat. 
lUy.,  5  min.  by  ti  "    ' 
-Sands,    pleasant 
,   of  the  cliff  facii  „  __ .  . 
cambe  Bay  and  sands.  Good  lodgings 
may  be  had. 

Kebbt,  see  Montgomery,  and  Seuh 

Kehset,  see  BatUetgh, 

EESSDfGLAKD,  Bee  Loweitoft. 

Kesioh  Couuoh,  see  Eaya. 

Keswick  (Cumb.)  Stat.  60 
min.  by  train  from  Penrith,  L,  £  N.  W. 
Bly.  Holele :  Keswick,  adjoining  the 
station;  BoyalOah;  George;  Queen's; 
Atkinson's  Ijake  Hotel.  Conveyances 
also  meet  the  trains  from  **  Der- 
wentwater  Hotel  and  Tower  Hotel, 
both  in  pretty  village  of  Porttnsaile, 


23ti 

1}  m.,  Bitnated  on  opposite  shore  of 
Derwentwater  Lake.  The  Lodore 
Hotel,  on  E.  bnnk  of  lake,  3  m.  from 
Eeawick,  behind  which  is  Lodore 
Fall ;  Borrowdale  Hotel,  i  m.  beyond 
I/odare.  Coaohei  i  times  daily  during 
the  season  to  Windermeref22  m., pass- 
ing WythbuTD.  8  m.,  Graemere,  13  in., 
AmUeiide,  17  m.,  and  Lowwood  Hotel 
aud  pier.  The  town  lies  aJoiost  direct- 
ly under  Stiddaw.  It  is  an  excellent 
centre  fot  the  tonrisl,  who  should  make 
tills  his  head-quarters  for  sevetal  days 
at  least.  The  view  of  the  vale  of 
Kcsnick  from  the  hill,  1  m.  ftom 
toTfn,  on  the  main  road  to  Ambleside, 
Is  magnificent,  and  will  gire  tlie 
stranger  a  ^ood  general  idea  of  the 
nature  of  the  district.  The  town 
itself  is  chiefly  celebrated  far  its 
black  load  pencil  mannfaotoriee.  Pro- 
ceed to  tlie  bridge  which  eiossea  (he 
Greta,  a  few  minutes'  walk  from  the 
market  square,  on  either  side  of  which 
is  a  pencil  manufactory  which  are 
readily  abowD  to  the  visitor  free  of 
charge.  From  the  bridge  is  visible 
OretA  Hall,  the  residence  of  Southey, 
poet  laureate,  from  1603  till  his 
death,  Continuing  on  the  same  road 
1  m,,  CroilhtcaUe  Ckuriih  is  reached. 
There  are  some  ancient  monnineiits 
and  brasses,  and  a  fragment  of  stained 

ass  representing  St.  Antbouy  with 
1  end  book,  said  to  be  from  Fumcss 
Abbey.  The  font  b«ui»  the  arms  of 
Edw^  III.,  and  has  on  it  iome  cnri- 
OUB  devices.  There  is  a  recumbent 
monument  of  Southey,  who  is  buried 


n  front  of  the  School-house,  and 
on  enkergiug  from  the  rather  narrow 
lane  into  the  Fortinacale  road,  turn 
to  >t,,  and  ctObs  the  bridge  over  tlie 
Dorwent,  leading  into  the  village  uf 
I'ortiuaosJe,  {  m.  Be-crossiog  the 
bridge  on  return  to  Keswiuk,  take 
the  footpath  across  the  meadows — a 
favourite  walk  uf  Southey~and  the 
road,  is  aguiu  entered  at  Greta  Uridine. 
.EanirrioiHi.— (u)  Cattle  HiU,  J  m. 
from  the  town.  Pass  Atkinson's  Lake 
Hotel  and  St.  John's  Ch.  on  L,  and 
continue  on  the  Borrowdale  road  till 
a  spuQll  ticket  is  tenohed  on  1.,  which 


leads  through  a  wood  to  the  summit  of 
the  hill,  from  which  magnifloent  views 
are  oblkined.  The  visitor  should  on 
no  account  omit  to  take  tliis  walk.  Be- 
turning  by  the  load,  enter  the  cliurcli- 
ynrd  of  St.  John's  Church,  which  also 
commands  fine  views.  On  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  road  is  the  footpath 
leading  Co  DeraeattBateT  Lake  and 
boat  hodings.  About  300  yards 
beyond  Ihe  latter  is  yriai'i  Crag  com- 
manding charming  views. 

(b)  A  row  on  the  lake  which  is  Sm. 
long  and  1}  m.  broad  at  widest  part. 
Its  principal  iilaiidi  are  Derwent,  on 
which  is  the  residence  of  H.  C.  Mar-  . 
shall,  of  Leeds ;  St.  Herbert'e,  cm  yihich  ' 
are  the  remains  of  a  cell,  eaid  ia  have 
been  occupied  in  7th  cent,  by  a  hermit 
named  Herbert:  Ramptholmt ;  and 
LoT^e  hland.  Delightful  visits  may 
be  made  to  these  and  the  smaller 
islands,  to  Lodore  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
lake,  and  t«  the  lovely  little  bays  on 
either  side :  charge  for  boat-hire  Is.  an 
hour;  St.  a  day;  Gd.  an  hour  extra 
with  boatman.  There  is  good  fishing, 
and  tickets  (Is,  a  day)  may  be  ob- 
tained by  visitors  from  the  Secretary 
of  the  Angling  Association,  and  from 
the  fish-tadde  shops  in  the  town. 

(c)  Walk  or  drive  round  the  lake, 
10  m.,  Bairaw  House  (8.  Z.  Laugton, 
Esq.),  3  m.  on  £.  side,  is  flrst  passed, 
in  the  grounds  of  which  is  ihe  Barrou) 
Fall,  a  cascade  122  ft.  high,  which 
should  be  visited  Ripply  at  the  lodge), 
1  m.  beyond  is  Lodore  Inn,  ut  tho 
back  of  which  is  the  celebrated  water- 
fall, immortalised  by  Sontbey  in  the 
well-known  hncs,  "Hinp  doee  tte  water 
come  daum  at  Lodore."     The  fall  de- 

.  Is  between  two  perpendicular 
rocks,  Oowder  Crag  on  rt.  and  Shep- 
herd's Crag  on  1.,  clothed  wilh  wood. 
Near  Lodote  occasionuUy  appears  the 
Fioaiing  Itldnd,  A  mass  of  tangled 
weeds.  &c,  rendered  buoyant  by  gas 
evolved  from  decayed  vegetable  matter. 
J  m.  beyond  is  Somnmlale  BoteL  Hero 
visit  the  Troutdale  fish-breeding  house, 
and  meet  tho  carriage  at  Grange 
Bridge.  On  the  opposite  aide  of  the 
is  seen  the  huge  Bowder  Stone, 
iss  of  metnmorphie  rock,  62  ft. 
lon^,  36  ft.  high,  and  weighing  aeaiXy 


2000  toua,  depoait«(l  piobably  in  its  pfe- 
sentposition  by  b  glacier.  The  pretty 
village  of  GraDge  derives  ila  name  from 
having  been  the  placo  trhere  the 
monks  of  Funieas  stiiived  the^r  aora. 
BorroicdaU  (SMwfell  Hotel),  which 
Ib  how  entered,  is  one  of  tlie  moat 
beautiful  valleys  in  Britain.  Before 
leaving,  inspect  the  Bowder  Stone 
and  toe  Fairy  Cavem.  [Those  itho 
have  time  should  visit  the  primitive 
and  secluded  village  of  Watendlalli. 
It  may  be  reached  either  by  a  road 
hehind  Barrow  House  (see  ante),  or  by 
IbUowing  a  pony  track  to  the  1.  of  the 
main  rMtd  a  tew  yards  beyond  the 
Bonder  Stone,]  Aicend  Caitle  Crag, 
nearly  opposite  Ibe  Bonder  Stone,  for 
fine  view  of  Borrowdale.  1  m.  S.  of 
the  Bowder  Stone  is  Botihaaite 
(Boyal  Oak  Hotel).  A  day  may  be 
■well  paased  here.  A  little  further  on 
the  road,  a  turning  to  1.  leads  to  Slone- 
thiaUte,  where  there  are  branch  val- 
leys— one,  the  Longstrath  Valley, 
leading  by  the  Stake  Pass,  of  extreme 
beauU,  into  Langdale;  another,  by 
the  Sty  Head  Pass  to  Wastwalet; 
another,  by  SealoUer  and  Honister 
Crag  to  Buttermere  ;  and  the  Green- 
up Valley,  leading  by  Easedalo  to 
Graamcrc.  Eagle  Crag  separates  the 
first  and  last-named  valleys.  Sea- 
HiteaUe  is  reached  by  following  the 
straight  road,  after  passing  Stone- 
thwaite  on  1.,  and  Seatoller  on  rt.  At 
Seatoller,  ascend  the  steep  road  lead- 


'icK,  -m 

been  scaled  by  Lady  DerwcntwateC 
when  she  escaped  from  Lord's  Island. 
Return  by  way  of  Falam  Crag,  the 
vhole  distance  5  m. 

(e)  Afcfat  of  SkiddatB  (3059  ft:,;  dis- 
tance to  the  to^  about  6^  m.  Charge 
for  pony  and  guide,  6i.  each.  The  route 
to  the  foot  of  the  mountain  is  either  by 
turning  to  1.  after  passing  under  the 
railway  at  the  station,  to  Spooney 
"recn-lane;  or  by  striking  off  to  rt. 
om  the  CroBstbwaite  Sunday  School, 
little  beyond  Greta  Bridge(aee  ante). 
On  leaving  Latrigg  (the  mountain  at 
the  back  of  the  railway  station  and 
Keswick  Hotel)  a  ravine  Is  crossed. 
Making  now  a  short  descent  to  I.,  a 
laborious  stage  of  the  ascent 
saces.  A  aatsU  refreshment 
hut,  about  1  m.  distant,  affords  an 
excellent  g:uiding  point,  and  it  is 
easily  reached  by  following  the  direc- 
tion of  the  wall  in  boat.  A  second 
hut  has  been  erected  lower  down  the 
mountain.  From  Ibe  former  the  track 
is  well  defined  to  the  summit.    From 

woQtwater  Lake  is  seen  in  its  whole 
extent.  The  summit  commands  a 
panorama  SOO  m.  in  circnmferenco. 

To  the  N.  is  the  Sulway  Firtli  and 
the  Cheviots;  to  theW.  the  Irish  Sea, 
the  Isle  of  Man,  Grasmoor,  and  Grise- 
dttle  Pike;  on  the  a.  HelveUyn, 
Scawfell,  and  the  Felts  of  Borrowdale, 
beyond  which  are  Morecambe  Bay 
and  the  Mouth  of  the  Dnddon;  on 
Crossfell.     The  ascent 


Some  of  the  finest  rooflng-slate  in  the 
kingdom  is  obtained  from  the  almost 
perpcndiculnr  sides  of  Honister  Crai 
(2128  ft.).  The  return  to  Keswicl 
^oiild  be  made  through  Gronge  and  by 
the  W.  shore  of  the  lake,  passing  in  suc- 
cession the  foot  of  Cat  Bells  (14S2  ft.), 
Derwent  Bay,  rt. ;  Silver  Hill,  1.,  and 
Village  of  Fortinscale,  1  m.  from  Kes- 

(d)  Ascend  WaUa  Crag  (1234  ft.). 
Leave  Keswick  by  the  Ambleside-road, 
and  torn  to  rt.  uft«r  passing  the  toll- 
gale.  It  was  to  tlu?  height  that 
Southey  loved  to  take  his  visitors. 
On  the  top  <f  the  crag  is  the  cleft 
called  the  Lad/i  Rake,  said  to  have 


do  well  to  listen  to  the  advice  of  local 
guides  before  starting.  Tlie  desoent 
is  generally  made  by  the  same  route. 
Some,  however,  prefer  to  return  by 
way  of  Bossenthwaito  Lake,  7  m.,  and 
thence  by  rail,  7  m.,  to  Keswick ;  or 
by  following  the  rood  on  E.  side  of 
Kiesenthwaite  lake,  or  the  gap  be- 
tween Longside  and  Skiddaw  Dodd, 
the  latter  a  more  romantic  walk. 
From  Keswick  to  the  top  of  Skiddaw 
the  barometer  falls  3  in. 

(/)  BaueathaaiU  Lake,  i  m,  long 
and  i  a>.  wide,  is  well  worth  visiting. 
There  isa  good  carriage^oadthewhole 
wayronndit.lSm.  After pasring For- 


tinacale,  the  road  passes  the  beauti- 
Mly-woodaii  Thorntliwaite  Fells,  on 
W.  or  lake,  nith  Skiddawou  opposite 
side.  Near  the  end  of  the  lake  is  the 
Swan  Iqd  and  "the  Bishop"  rock. 
From  here  to  the  Pheasant  Inn,  at 
Fed  Wyke,  -which  is  close  to  the  Bas- 
senthwait*  Ely.  Stat,  is  4  m.— a  de- 
ligbtfullj-vajied  drive.  Aftei  paesiDg 
the  iaa,  the  lailwa;  is  crossed,  and 
Oate  Bridge  is  reached.  A  few  yards 
E,  of  the  bridge  is  the  finest  view  of 
the  lake.  Leafing  ATmathwaMe  HaU 
(J.  Bowstead)  on  1.,  the  Castle  Inn  is 
reached.  The  distance  hence  to  Kes- 
wick is  8  m.  An  easier  waj  of  seeing 
the  lakii  ia  to  take  the  train  to  Baa- 
senthwaite  Stat,,  and,  at  the  Pheasant 
Inn,  hire  a  boat  (thore  is  also  excel- 
lent pike  fishing),  retumuig  either 
same  route,  or  by  walking  along  E. 
side  to  Braithwaite  Stat.,  or  Keswick. 

(a)  The  VaXo  of  St.  John  is  *  m.  from 
K:;awick.  The  Penrith  railway  may  be 
taken  fo  Threlteld,  3  m..  a  small  vil- 
lage lying  directly  under  Saddleback ; 
but  the  old  Penrith  coach  road  must 
be  taken  b>  enable  a  tourist  to  visit  the 
l>niidical  Circle,  IJ  m.  from  Keawiok, 
in  a  field  on  rt.  of  road.  The  old  and 
new  FenriCb  irnds  unite  1}  m,  fur- 
ther on,  directly  after  which  the 
Naddle  Book  has  to  be  crossed. 
Through  the  vale  runs  the  fine  stream 
of  St.  John's  Beck.  The  vale  ie  "  en- 
chanted ground,"  the  scene  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  ■  Bridal  of  Triennain ; ' 
and  the  Castlo  Bock,  at  the  further 
end  of  it,  is  tho  fairy  castle  supposed 
to  bo  seen  by  King  Arthur.  The  car- 
riage can  totum  to  Keswick  by  way 
of  the  King's  Head  Inu,  at  ThirlspoC, 
the  bridge  over  Tbirlmere  Lake,  the 
Naddle  Valley,  and  Castlcrigg. 

(A)  Btencaihara,  or  SaddUback  (ZSil 
ft),  may  be  ascended  from  Scales  Toll- 
gate,  5}  m.,  on  the  Penrith  road,  and  1} 
m.  beyond  Thtclkeld  village.  The  train 
can  be  taken  to  Tlirdkeld.  Southoy 
recommends  tho  tourist  who  nould 
enjoy  the  scenery  of  BlencatbaTEi,  to 
ascend  by  way  of  the  Glenderm^n 
river,  round  Kouterfell,  to  Scales  or 
Threlkeld  Tarn.  In  this  case,  take 
the  train  to  Troutbeck,  8  m.,  and  walk 
to  village  of  Mun^dale,  3  m.    The 


distance  from  here  to  tUa  sununit  is 
i  m.  The  views  from  the  summit  do 
not  differ  much  from  those  of  Skid- 

(i)  BuUermere  and  Crummoelc  Water. 
Waggonettes  leave  the  principal  hotels 
in  Keswick  and  neighboarhood  OYery 
morning  fur  thiu,  one  of  the  best  and 
cheapest  excursions  in  the  Lake  Dia- 
faict.  The  first  part  of  the  journey  is 
by  Borro  wdale,  over  Honister  Crag  (see  - 
Escars.  e),  passing  St.  John's  Church ; 
Castle  Hill :  Barrow  Fall,  2  m. ;  Lo- 
dore  Fall,  3  m. ;  Bowder  Stone,  S  m. ; 
Boslhwaite,  6  m. ;  Seatoller,  7  m. 
From  here  to  Buttormere  is  5  m. 
After  leaving  SealoUer,  the  road 
winds  up  the  exceedingly  steep  and 
rugged  pass,  called  Butt«imere  Hause. 
The  once  (»lobratod  black-lead  mine 
lies  to  the  1,  between  this  road  and 
Seathwaite,  The  road  roaches  its 
highest  point  (IlOO  ft.)  between  Yew 
Crag  on  rt.  and  Honister  Crag  on  1. 
From  here  the  road  descends  to  Oates- 
garth,  and  soon  after  leaving  this,  the 
lake  is  reached,  and  the  road  con- 
tinues near  its  margin  its  wholo 
length,  passing  Hassness  (F.J.  Heed). 
The  village  of  Buitermere  (Jmw  ;  Vic- 
toria; Fis)i)  is  situated  on  the  land 
which  lies  between  the  kke  and 
Orummock  Water.  The  lake  is  IJ  m. 
long  and  J  m.  broad.  Crumniock  isBm. 
long,  and  }  m,  broad.  Both  contain 
chsr  and  trout,  and  boats  are  kept  on 
Crummock  Water.  The  tourist  should 
lunch  here  and  visit  Scale  Force, 
where  the  water  falls  156  ft.  in  a 
single  leap.  Take  the  path  to  tho  rt. 
of  ''the  Fislt"  to  the  boat  landinga 
on  Crummock  Lake.  A  ferry  crosses 
to  tho  landing-place  within  |  m.  of 
Scale  Force.  The  walk  frcm  "the 
Fish"  is  2  m.  only;  on  leaving  the 
inn  turn  to  I.  and  cross  the  bridge 
over  the  river,  which  joins  the  two 
lakes.  Tho  ascent  of  Bed  Pike  (2479 
fL)  is  easy  from  Scale  Force.  The 
summit  commands  a  fine  view  of  the 
five  neighbouring  lakes.  FA  pedes- 
trian can  reach  Wagtwater  boia  Bnt- 
termere  by  the  Scarf  Gap  (1*00  ft.) 
and  Slack  Sail  (1750  ft.)  Passes,  in 
about  3J  hts.  Distance,  8  m.  (vtda 
infra);  and  Ennerdale  (Anglers'  luu), 


6  m.,  b;  Scale  Force  and  Floutern 
Tarn,  4  m.  From  the  Anglers'  Tnn 
to  WaaMale  Head  (Inn:  Huntsoian), 
h3  Windy  Gap,  it  10  to.  The  chapel 
at  Wsatdale  Heed  ia  the  smallest  in 
England,  and  the  polpil  is  lit  by  a 
single  ^ne  of  glass,  inserted  in  the 
roc£l  Before  leaving  Buttermere  the 
touiist  should  visit  Hartley  Hill 
and  the  Kootts,  both  commandiDg 
beaatifiil  vievs,  and  the  walk  to 
each  occapying  a  few  minDtes.  The 
waggonettes  retnni  to  Kesvick 
through  the  Nevlands  Valley,  the 
road  oD  qnittiug  Buttermere  ascend- 
ing B.  Hause,  and  passiag  Mill  Dam 
Inn,  4  m.,  Birinside,  aad  Portin- 
Bcale;  the  day's  exoursion,  £3  m. 
ComporatiTety  few  tourists  spend 
more  than  a  fevr  hours  in  the  deUght- 
ful  valley  of  Buttermere,  but  those  who 
make  a  more  lengthened  stay  there 
are  recommended  (1)  to  walk  round 
tbe  lake,  4^  m.  After  passing  the 
churdi,  the  road  rana  by  the  shore  of 
the  lake.  Opposite  are  Bed  Pike, 
Hi^h  Stile,  and  High  Crag.  The 
white  streak  of  water  which  is  visible 
running  down  the  face  of  the  mountain 
la  Sour  MiVc  GiU,  which  issues  &om 
Bleaberry  TatD,  situated  in  the  bolbw 
above.  The  pretty  villaofHassneas  is 
next  passed,  and  near  the  head  of  the 
lake  tho  farmhouse  of  Gatesgarth. 
If  a  drink  of  milk  be  asked  for  here, 
the  visitor  will  see  on  the  walls  of  a 
room  more  than  600  prize  tickets 
gained  by  the  proprietor  for  specimens 
he  has  exhibited  of  his  Uerdwick 
sheep.  (2)  Walk  round  Craimaock 
Lake,  0  m.,    a  delightful  oxcuraion. 

(3)  Ltmeswater  Lake,  i  m.   Excursion 

ii)  may  be  ooDtmued  round  this  lake, 
t  is    2  m.  &om  Scale  Hill  (Hotel). 

(4)  BUabtrry  Tarn,  3*  m.  there  and 
back,  situated  in  the  noUow  between 
Bed  Fike  and  High  Stile.  (5)  Qias- 
moor  (279  ft.),  which  can  be  easily 
ascended  from  Scale  Hill.  There  are 
several  smalleT  mountains,  which 
afibrd  equally  pleasant  excursions. 
Parties  halting  at  Keswick  and  ma- 
king the  Buttermere  and  Crtuumock 
Water  excursion  in  a  special  ly-hiied 
conTeyance,  are  recommended  to 
lengthen  tht 


torn,  instead  of  by  the  Ifewlanda  Val- 
ley, by  Seaia  Sill  Hotel,  4  m.  bom 
Buttermere,  and  1  m.  from  Crummook 
Water  (this  hotel  is  situated  in  the 
Langthwaite  wood,  where  there  is 
also  a  hill  called  the  "  Station,"  com- 
manding magnificent  views) — the 
walk  henoe  to  Keswick  alone  the 
ravine  between  Grasmoor  and  White- 
side, is  a  very  favooiite  one — by  the 
LorUm  VaU,  2  m.  &om  Scale  Hill 
(at  High  Lortou,  t  m.  from  village 
of  Lorkin  ia  the  c5ebrated  yaw  tree, 
the  "  pride  of  Lorton  Vole,  scarcely 
worth  visiting).  At  Lorton  is  a  catioua 
old  costeUated  mansion 'date  1663)  1  by 
Whinlatter  Pau  (1043  ft.),  and  hence, 
5  m.,  by  Bnjthwaite  village  and 
Foctinsoiile  to  Keswick.  The  New- 
lands  Valley  route  should  however  be 
preferred  if  it  cannot  be  included  in 
another  excursion,  suoh  as  that  to 
Waetuiaier  bv  Sty  Head,  Black  Sail, 
and  Scarf  Gap  Psseea,  31  m.  The 
first  part  of  the  road  as  far  as  Eea- 
toUer,?  m.,has  been  already  described 
(Ezcurs..:).  Hence  to  Seatbwaite,2m.; 
here  and  at  Sprinkline  Fell,  1*  m.  8.E., 
is  the  greatest  lainftll  in  England, 
Walk  (ponies  cannot  be  hired  at  Beo- 
thwaite),  to  Sty  Head  Pass,  2}  m.  from 
Seathwoite  hunlet,  sending  the  con- 
veyance to  Buttermero  or  Gatesgarth 
to  meet  you  at  the  latter  place  in  the 
afternoon;  and  thence  2}  m.  furtler 
lo  Wastdale  Head.  In  descending, 
avoid  the  beaten  track,  which  is  steep 
and  stony ;  and,  branclung  a  few  yard^ 
to  1.  from  the  cairn,  follow  an  old 
grass-grown  track  by  side  of  torrent, 
which  meets  again  the  regular  track 
at  foot  of  pass.  K  time  permit,  visit 
by  all  means  during  the  desoent  Ptert 
GiU  and  Greta  WaUr/aB.  After 
luncheon  at  ton  (the  Huntsman),  hire 
boat  to  row  to  other  end  of  lake  and 
beck,  or  drive  to  SlramU  (two  hotels)^ 
<>  m.,  to  get  good  view  of  lake  and  the 
Street.    If  not  sufBcicnt  time  for  this, 


Head  (the  well-known  W. 

Bitson  keeps  tlie  inn)  for  the  return 
jouniey  over  Black  Sail  (1750  ft.)  and 
Scarf  Gap  (1100  ft.)  PasKs.    The  de- 


240  KES 

6C0JA  of  the  fonuer  Pass  into  Mose- 
dale  presentB  featarea  of  great  Bub- 
Ifniit;.  The  track  over  the  Scarf 
Qsp  Pass  ia  well  defined.  From  the 
top  yoo  look  down  into  EnnerdBle, 
the  river  Liza  flowing  throngh  it 
The  descent  U  over  a  rough  track; 
and  Gateggaith  fitrmbouse,  where  the 
Carriage  should  be  in  waiting,  is 
seen  below  neai  the  head  of  Bat- 
tormere  Lake.  The  dietanee  from 
Waatdale  Head  to  Gal^agarth  is 
6  m.,  and  2j  hrs.  Bhould  bo  al- 
bwed  for  it  The  mute  for  the 
next  II  m.  to  Keswick,  tlirough  But- 
termete  and  Newlnnda  Vole,  is  de- 
scribed above. 

Those  nbo  visit  Waetwater  from 
Kesnick,  and  wish  to  avoid  the  fatigue 
of  monnting  the  Sty  Head  Pass,  can 
drive  by  way  of  Portioseale,  Bmith- 
waite,  and  Whinlatter  Pass,  lo  Scole 
Hili  Hotel,  10  m.  (sec  ante);  Lowes- 
water:  I^mplugh  Hall  and  Cli,,  S  m. 
from  Scale  Hill,  and  Lamplngli  Cross 
Inn,  1  m.  beyond.  Honco  to  Catdcr 
Bridge.  28  m.  from  Keswick,  by  Fri- 
linton,  Cleatnr,  and  Egremont.  Near 
Idimplugb  Cross,  on  an  eminence,  is 
an  imperfect  Dmidical  circle,  called 
Standing  Stones.  If  it  be  intended  to 
visit  ^nnerdula  IidTif,  take  the  first  1.. 
hand  turning  after  passing  LerapluKb 
Ch.  to  the  Anglen'  Inn.  The  late. 
S}  m.  long  and  i  m.  broad,  is  compara- 
tively litUe  visited,  though  there  is  an 
Indescribable  charm  in  ila  isolation 
and  in  tlio  wild  sublimity  of  the 
mountain  scenery  whieh  surrounds  it. 
It  abounds  with  ttont  and  char.  The 
ph.-jd.  at  Eiinerdale  Bridfie,  2  m.  from 
the  lake,  is  the  soeneof  Wordsworth' 
poem,  '  The  Brothers.'  The  remain 
of  the  CasUe  (ciraa,  end  of  11th  cent) 
at  Egremont  {Inn:  The  Qlobe)  are 
situated  on  an  eminence  close  to  the 
town,  and  belong  to  Lord  Leconfield. 
The  legend  of  the  "Horn  of  Egre- 
mont "  is  connected  with  this  caatle. 
From  here  to  Colder  Bridge  is 
(ifotef;  Stanley  Anns).  The  beautifnl 
remains  of  the  Abbey  (founded  1734 
and  afBIiated  to  Fumeas  Abbey)  are 
in  the  gtonndi  of  Capt  Irwin,  I  m. 
from  the  village,  and  ^e  walk  to  them, 
entered  from  a  gate  in  tbe  oh.-yd.,  " 


charming  shrubbery  on  1.  bank 

ler  Calder. 

.  n.  from  Calder  Bridge  is  Fonsonby 
Hall  (1780),  the  seat  of  Wm.  Stanley, 
Esq.  It  commands  striking  views  of 
the  Abbey,  mountains,  and  sea,  and 
contains  some  fine  paintinf;s  by  old 
masters.  Two  very  curious  documeats 
signed  by  Cromwell  and  Fairfaic,  and 
"   richly  carved  oak  bedstead  (1345) 

e  also  shown.  Gmforlh,  2  m.  (Jnn.- 
Globe)  is  next  reached,  a  straggling 
village,  remarkable  only  for  an  ancient 
cross  in  the  ch.-yd.  of  British  or  Danish 
origin,  14  ft.  nigh.  From  here  to 
Slrandi  (two  Inns)  is  4  a,,  tlie  usual 
head  quarters  for  Wastwater,  and  to 
Wast^e  Head,  10  n.,  the  whole  dis* 
tance  embracing  some  of  the  wQdest 
scenery  in  the  Lake  District.  The 
railway  route  from  Keswick  to  West- 
walcr.  is  to  Whitehaven  (IJ  hr.); 
thence  to  SeaemU  (good  Hotel),  or 
Drigg  station  (40  min.)  ;  and  thence 
by  car  In  Strands,  6  m,,  and  I  m.  bam 
Lake ;  or  to  Wastdale  Hcail,  at  upper 
end  of  lake,  12  m.  Great  Gable  ('2949 
ft.)  may  be  sacended  from  Wasldala 
Head  by  nay  of  the  Sty  Head  Pass; 
from  Keswick,  13  m.  to  summit, 

a   Seathwaite,  9  m.,  and  Stj  Head 

irn,  11}  m.  Another  route,  same  in 
distance,  is  by  Honiater  Pass  (see 
Keitoick,  Bicora.  e). 

(h)  miimiUer  Lalte  con  be  visited  frcan 
Keswick  either  by  driving  along  the 
Penrith  road  to  Threlkeld  village,  and 
by  the  base  of  Blencathara  to  Trout- 
bock  Railway  Station,  9  m.  (not  the 
Troutbeck  between  Ambleside  and 
WindGnnore),  thence  by  the  coach  road 
to  Ullswator  Hotel.  16  m. ;  or  by 
taking  the  train  to  Troutbeck  Station, 
thence  by  coach  which  meets  it 
Leaving  tne  iun  at  Troutbeck  Statiim, 
mil  Fell  is  passed  on  1.  (1657  ft. 
high,  and  specially  interesting  to  the 
geologist),  MaHerdale  Ch,,  and  village 
of  Doehray  (small  Inn),  Sj  m.  from 
station.  A  little  more  tban  1  m.  fur- 
ther on,  the  shore  of  the  lake  is  reached, 
with  Lyulph't  Toicer,  in  GJowbarrow 
Park,  on  I.,  where  leave  may  be  ob- 
tained to  visit  Aira  Forte  (the  scene 
of  the  tale  in  Wordsworth's  be*atiM 
poem  the  <  Somnambulist  *).   The  road 


KETTERIKG—KEW. 


211 


continneB  along  the  margin  of  the  lake 
for  2t  m.  to  the  UlUwater  Hotel,  nnd 

1  m.  Deyond  1o  Patterdale  Hotel  and 
villftge  (see  FaUeedaU). 

KLKttCVlns  (Nortljants.),  Stat. 
Midi.  Hly.,  12  m.  from  Northamptun, 
Titli  braiidi  line,  47  m.,  to  Cftmbridge. 
Xnn:  Bojal.  The  aulc  point  of  in- 
terest in  Uie  town  is  the  Oh.  (otiitflf 
late  Petp.)  vith  ver;  fine  tower  and 
spire  (date  circ.  1450).  The  Ch.  of 
Barton  Sea^ave,  2  ni.  E.,  contaiDS 
mDcli  early  Nonu.  work.  In  Warltlon 
Ch.,  2  m.  on  Stamford-road,  are  monta. 
of  Dukes  and  Duchesses  of  Montague, 

2  of  them  by  Raubiliac.  Boughton, 
the  seat  of  the  D.  of  Montague,  is  re- 
markatde  for  the  avenue  of  trees,  60 
m.  in  extent,  planted  by  the  2nd  D., 
John  "the  Planter,"  d.  1749,  The 
hoiue  containa  some  pictures  of  note 
and  cartoona,  two  of  latter  aseigued  to 
BaSielle,  1  ni.  beyond  Warktun  is 
village  of  Geddingbm,  where  is  one  of 
the  Eleanor  crosses,  still  perfect.  The 
Ch.  retains  marka  of  its  Bajon  origin. 
9  m.  N.E.  is  Bockingltam  CatlU.  On 
the  road  to  it,  ut  U  m.,  is  Glendon 
Hall  (Richd.  Booth,  Esq.),  containing 
paintings  by  Murillo,  Rembrandt,  £c., 
and  a.  full  length  portrait  of  Q.  Cath. 
Parr,  by  S<&ein.  Rockingham  Castle 
(0.  L.  WatBOD,  Esq.X  whs  built  by 
f>rder  of  Wm.  the  Conqueror.  The 
massive  entrance  gateway  (13th  cent.) 
is  the  most  interesting  portion.  Close 
■rmder  the  Castlf,  N.  side,  is  the 
CAurcA,  in  which  are  old  moots,  of  the 
Enrla  of  Rockingham.  The  fily. 
Stat,  is  on  opp.  bank  of  the  river 
Welland,  and  about  half-way  between 
Market  Harboro'  and  Stamford. 

Kbtton,  see  Slam/ord. 

WlAIV  (Surrey)  is  situated  on  the 
Thames  between  Mortlake  and  Rich- 
mond, and  opposite  Brentford,  with 
which  it  is  imited  by  a  stone  bridge. 
The  Kew  and  Brentford  Station  of  tlie 
Ia  &  8.  W.  Ely.  is  on  the  Brentford 
side  of  the  river,  and  alongside  it  ia  a 
etation  of  the  N,  L.  Bly.  The  Kew 
Gardens  Station  of  the  L.  &  S.W,  Rly. 
is  on  the  Surrey  side,  opposite  Cum- 
berland Gate,  Kew  Gfodens,  and  is  in 
connection  with  the  L.  &  N.W.,  N.  L., 
G.W.,andL.  0.&D.BIye.    Byroad, 


Kew  is  6  m.  from  Hyde  Park  Comer- 
Inns ;  King's  Anna ;  Rose  and  Crown. 

Keic  Garden!  comprise  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardena  and  the  Pleasure 
Grounds,  and  are  open  every  aeeh-day 
from  1  o'clock  till  luiuiet  (Christmas 
Day  alone  excepted) ;  on  Sandayt 
from  2  liR  lunaet.  The  principal  en- 
trance to  the  Botanic  Garden  is  by 
the  ornaioeDtal  wrought-iron  gates  at 
tlie  N.W.  comer  of  Kew  Green.  An- 
other entrance  is  by  Cumberland  Gate, 
in  the  GicLmond-road.  opposite  the 
Kew  Gardens  station  of  the  L.  &.  S.W. 
Rly.  The  Pleasure  Gardens  are  di- 
Tiderl  from  the  Botanic  Garden  by  a 
wire  fence,  but  visitors  can  ^ss  freely 
from  one  to  the  other.  There  are 
also  separate  entrances  to  the  Grounds 
at  the  Lion  Gate,  Itiobmond-road. 
near  the  Pagoda,  for  Richmond ;  Iiie- 
worfA  Gate,  at  the  S.W.  comer  of  the 
Grounds,  by  the  Thames,  for  Islo- 
north ;  and  Brentford  Gate,  at  the 
N.B.  angle,  for  Brentford.  A  '  Route 
Map '(price  Id.)  may  be  obtained  at 
the  entrLince,  which  points  out  the 
route  by  which  the  plant-houses  may 
be  inoat  readily  seen.  There  are  also 
official  guide-books,  which  furnish  fall 
informutioD  respeoline;  houses,  plants, 
and  contents  of  the  Musemns. 

Referring  to  these  guides  fbr  a  more 
particular  account  of  the  Gardens,  we 
here  merely  draw  attendon  to  their 
beauty  and  picturesque  variety,  as  de- 
serving admiration  equally  with  their 
richness  and  scientific  value.  The 
Broad  Walk,  bordered  with  rhodo- 
dendrons and  deodars,  is,  when  the 
former  ate  in  bloom,  one  of  the  finest 
walks  of  its  class  we  possess.  The 
lawns  aro  everywhere  diversified  witb 
rare  and  beautiful  trees,  sbmbs,  and 
flowers.  The  Herbaceous  Beds,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Gardens,  have  a  special 
interest  for  the  botanical  stndcDt. 

The  large  houfe  on  the  rt„  after 
entering  by  the  principal  gate,  is  the 
Araideoae  S^v»e,  chiefly  filled  with 
plants  of  that  order. 

The  great  Palm  Eovee,  at  the  end 
(on  the  rt.)  of  the  Broad  Walk,  is 
362  ft.  long,  and  comprises  the  centre, 
138  ft.  long,  100  ft.  wide,  and  66  It. 
high,  and  2  wings,  each  fiO  ft.  wide 


KBW—KIDDERMIfiSTEB, 


and  30  ft.  high.  Id  its  cootenta  the 
Nen  Palm  House  is  quite  anrivBlled. 
The  coltoction  of  palmfl  ia  mHgnifioent, 
and  tliere  ia  Dearly  e]l  that  ia  rare  and 
rieh  in  tropicel  pWts.  Probably  so 
superb  a  display  of  trcfiical  foliago 
eaa  nowhere  else  be  Been  out .  of  a 
tropical  forest 

Immediately  N.  of  the  Palm  House 
is  the  Wattr-LUi)  Some,  In  which  is 
a  beautiful  collection  of  eiotic  water- 
lilies.  N.W.  of  the  mound  on  which 
is  the  Temple  of  MtluB,  is  the  New 
Bange  (No,  6),  a  large  bonse,  holding 
a  great  diversity  of  plants.  A  group 
of  honaea  N.W.  of  the  New  fi^gs 
will  be  found  very  interesting.  The 
Dearest,  the  StmcuUnt  Itixae,  200  ft. 
lODg  and  30  R.  wide,  contains  an  ex- 
traordinary collection  of  cactosea,  &c. 
Next  is  an  ornamental  Oreenliouse, 
occupied  bj  a  miscellaneoas  collection 
of  plants.  Beyond  this  is  the  Tem- 
perate Fern  Houee,  and,  on  the  rt., 
the  larger  Tr(»»'«il  FeraHoute,  140  ft. 
long  and  28  ft.  wide,  filled  with  the 
ohoiccat  and  rarest  examples.  There 
are  rarious  other  houses. 

The  Mueeuna  abundantly  illustrate 
the  economic  products  of  the  regufable 
world.  JViMMim  No.  1,  at  the  head 
of  the  ornamental  water,  is  devoted  to 
Bpecimena  and  products  of  Dicotyle- 
donous plants,  or  Exogens;  this  Mu- 
seum has  3  floors,  and  the  numbering 
ia  from  the  top  floor.  Jfuseum  No.  2, 
or  the  Old  Maieam,  at  the  N.E.  comer 
of  the  Gardana,  is  appropriated  to 
specimens  and  produeta  of  Monooo^- 
ledonous  plants,  or  Endogens.  Mi- 
$eum  No.  3,  is  the  old  Oranoery,  on 
the  1.  of  the  Broad  Walk,  built  bj  Sir 
Wm.  Ohambera  in  1761.  There  is 
also  a  Herbarium,  "  the  largest  in  ex- 
istence;" it  is  not  exhibited  to  the 
puUie,  bnt  the  botanical  student  can 
obtain  permission  to  examine  it  upon 
application  to  the  Director. 

ThePIeanire  Groundi,  or  Arboretum, 
which  adjoin  the  Botanic  Qardena  on 
the  S.,  are  open  during  the  same  hours 
as  the  Gardens,  and  may  be  entered 
from  thorn.  'liiey  have  an  area  of 
270  acrea,  and  are  intersected  with 
broad  and  picturesque  walks  lined 
with  trees  and  shrobs  of  the  order 


Rosacete,  whilst  on  the  lawns  are  an 
almoat  endless  variety  of  trees.  There 
is  a  Lake  S  acres  in  extent,  rich  in 
aquatic  plants  and  wooded  islands. 

The  New  Tenqieri^  Home,  erected 
in  lB61-st,  consiste  of  a  centre  212  ft. 
long,  137  ft.  wide,  and  66  ft.  high,  aad 
2  octagons,  each  50  ft.  in  diameter. 
It  is  especially  rich  in  Australian 
trees,  the  characteristic  trees  of  Tas- 
mania and  New  Zealand,  Himalayan 
thododendrons,  and  trees  and  shrubs 
from  China  and  Japan,  and  exhibits  a 
luxuriant  mass  of  foliage. 

A  short  diatance  8.E.  of  the  Tem- 

Cate  House  is  the  Pagoda,  kma  ita 
ght  the  most  oonspicuons  object  in 
the  grounds.  It  was  built  by  8ir  Wm. 
Chambers,  in  1761,  and  is  an  octagonal 
structure,  49  ft.  m  diameter  at  the 
base,  and  163  ft.  high.  It  is  in  10 
storeys,  each  storey  diminishing  afoot 
in  diameter  and  height,  and  each 
having  a  balcony  and  projecting  rooE, 

Observe,  before  leaving  the  grounds, 
the  Flagdaff,  erected,  1861,  near  the 
Unicom  Gale.  It  is  a  trunk  of  the 
Douglaa  pine,  a  native  of  British 
Columbia,  and  is  159  ft.  high— the 
finest  spar,  it  is  believed,  in  fiurope. 

Ai^ouing  the  Pleasnie  Gronnds  on 
the  B.  is  Biehmond  Old  Park,  or  the 
Deer  Park,  357  acres.  The  building 
near  the.  centre  is  theKeie  Obeervalorf 
of  the  British  Association. 

HJdclenninst«r(WorcesL). 
Stat.,G.W.IUy.  Innt:  Lion;  Black 
Horse.  This  is  a  dingy-looking,  irre- 
gularly-built town,  on  the  Stour,  famed 
for  its  manujactories  espeiually  of  Brus- 
sels and  other  carpets. 

The  Clxitrch.  on  the  edge  of  a  rockj 
height  over  the  river,  has  a  niacioug 
Dec.  chancel,  with  biple  Wtlia  of 
simple  yet  client  proportions.  The 
E.-E.  nave  is  lofty,  with  Perp.  clero- 
story.  In  the  8.  porch  is  an  tdabaater 
allar-tomb  of  exoellent  workmanship. 
There  is  some  good  stained  glaas.  The 
lofty  aod  massive  Ferp.  tower  at  the 
W.  end  is  3  stages  in  hoight,  and  the 
principal  entrance  is  tlireugh  it. 

In  a  Ferp.  building  adjoining  the 
chancel  ia  preserved  an  origiDiJpar> 
trait  of  Sicbard  Baxter,  the  celebrated 
Nonoonformlst  preacher,  snthra;  of  the 


KINQBBRIDQE. 


ai3 


'  Saints'  Ttest.'  He  was  the  minister 
of  this  parish,  1640-66.  Hia  pulpit  is 
in  the  vestry  of  the  UmtnriEin  chapel. 
Baiter's  oluiii'  remains  in  the  vestry. 
A  statue  to  his  memory  was  nnveilod 
in  July  1875. 

4}  m.  K  is  the  large  village  of 
Chaddetlet/  Corbett.  Its  church  has 
portions  of  Norm,  work,  of  which  the 
font  is  a  fine  specimen.  The  chancel 
is  Deo.,  with  el^ant  tracery  in  the 
windows,  and  good  tedilia. 

The  detU  BiUt  are  a  iavonrite  re- 
sort for  tonrists  and  picnic  parties. 
On  the  t<^  are  some  very  large  stones 
— supposed  Druidical  remains.  The 
aery  around  is  both  inleiesting  and 


pleasing. 


2  m.  Rom  Hagley  Stat,,  by  a  plea- 
sant walk  through  the  park,  St.  Ke- 
nkm's  Ohapd,  au  ancient  fabric  on  the 
E.  side  of  Olent  Hili,  has  a  lower  of 
Perp.  style,  richly  adorned  with  pin- 
nacles and  guTgoyles.  This  chapel 
was  founded  to  record  the  place  where 
the  body  of  Kenelni  was  discovered, 

KiDWBLLT,  see  tiojieiij. 

KiBLDEii,  see  BeUingham. 

KiLBURH,  Boe  Bampitead. 

KiLKEAHPTON,  soe  Bade. 

KltvE,  see  Brvdmeater. 

ElUBURLEY,  see  Wymon^tai 


KiMMEHrDGB, 

KiNGLKT  Bottom,  see  Cfticleiter. 

KJngrsbridfre  (Devon.),  9} 
m.  &om  EingBbridge-KMul  Stat.,  S. 
Devon  Kly.  Coach  meets  3  up  and  3 
down  trains  a-day.  Innt :  King's 
Arms:  Golden  Lion.  There  is  also 
tolerable  accommodation  at  the  inn 
close  to  the  station.  The  town  is  built 
on  a,  steep  hill  at  the  head  of  a  long 
oavigable  estuary  (a  small  steam- 
packet  pliM  twice  a  week  from  Ply- 
mouth iu  Bummer-time),  and  is  of  con- 
siderable antiquity,  though  it  has  now 
a  modem  look. 

The  Town  Sail,  bailt  1850,  contains 
public  and  reading-rooms,  and  au  inter- 
esting natural-history  collection.  The 
collection  of  British  shelia  ia  important. 

The  walk  t«  Modbwy,  7}  m.  on  the 
Plymouth-road,  is  pleasant,  and  em- 
braces seme  interesting  coast  scenery. 
2  m.  is  renohed  the  viUage  of  CAarcA- 


sUne ;  and  at  Leigh,  in  this  parish,  is  an 
interesting  coll  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  Buckfast  Abbey,  containing 
portions  of  IS  and  16  cent.  work.  Be- 
yond, 2  m.,  is  the  village  of  Avehm 
(pron.  Anton)  Giffard,  situated  on  the 
river  Avon.  The  Ch.,  B.  E.,  deserves 
a  visit  (2  m.  S.W.  is  Bigbury,  with 
an  interesting  ch.).  The  antiquated 
town  of  Mocfimry  (Tnn ;  White  Hart) 
is  3i  m.  beyond  Aveton.  The  Ch.  is 
remarkable  for  a  true  spire,  i.  e.,  a 
spire  tapering  from  the  ground.  Er- 
minglm  Ch.  (Fawn  Hotel),  with  its 
twisted  spire,  is  2  m.  N,W.,  and  3  m, 
8.  of  Ivybridge  (see  JJorhnoorl.  Fi«m 
Modbury  ahonld  be  visited  the  inte- 
resting eharohei  of  Bigbury  (4  m.) 
and  Ringmare  (I  m.  further).  For 
the  pedestrian  it  is  a  pleasant  circuit 
by  the  coast  of  Bigbiiry  Bay  to,  2  m.. 
Fleet  House  (W.  F.  Splatt,  Esq.), 
theuce  through  the  park  and  along 
the  shore  of  the  Erme  to  the  sea,  about 
3  m.  At  the  mouth  of  the  Erme  is 
the  litOe  hamlet  of  MaOwrcomb.  Pro- 
ceeding from  here  along  the  cUfl^ 
among  rocks  of  the  grauwacke  forma- 
tion, beantifally  coloured,  is,  *  m.,  the 
londy  and  weaUiet-beaten  Oh.  of  Arnel- 
eloke,  bom  which  the  pedestrian  can 
cross  the  hills  direct  to  NmeUm 
Ferrers,  2  m.,  or  add  1  m.  to  his  walk 
by  prooeedtQK  round  Bli^  Point, 
where  the  stabs  of  slate  by  the  sea 
are  on  a  gmnd  scale.  Having  crossed 
the  hill  from  this  point,  the  land  sud- 
denly breaks  into  a  dell,  through  which 
runs  a  tane  to  the  wild  vi11ae;e  of  Nosi, 
situated  on  theS.  side  of  an  inlet  from 
the  Yeaha  Eetuary,  The  loene  here  ia 
novel  and  striking,  and  the  Estuary, 
though  seldom  visited,  is  rich  in  the 
picturesque.  Having  crossed  the  lerry, 
the  tourist  may  proceed  by  ITem^ury 
and  its  weaUier-Wteu  tAurch  on  the 
margin  of  the  sea;  oi  along  byo-roada 
and  paths,  either  by  Flymstook  and 
the  Laira  Bridge,  about  7  m.,  or  by 
Hooe  Lake  and  Ferry  over  the  Caf- 
water,  about  5  m.,  to  Plvmouth.  For 
a  deacription  of  the  highly  romantic 
coaat^aoenery  on  E.  of  Eingsbridge,  see 
Dartmouth. 

Dietanca. — Dartmouth,  14  m;  Tot- 
ues,  12  m. 


KISGBBVm—KIEKBY  F0BE8T. 


KlniTMbarj'  (Middlesex),  on 
the  rt,  bank  oC  tlie  Breut,  6  m.  N.W. 
from  London,  ia  a  thorough  countrj 
village.  It  may  be  reached  from  the 
WelBll  Harp  Station  of  the  Midland 
Rlj.,  IJ  m.  by  Kingsbury  Lake,  or  by 
a  pleasant  walk  of  2}  m.  along  bye- 
lauea  and  fields,  N.  from  the  Willeaden 
Station  of  tho  L.  &  N.W.  and  the  North 
London  and  Uampstead  Junotion  Slys. 
by  way  of  Willesden  and  Neaadon. 

The  QhiiTeh  (St.  Andrew)  shonld  be 
eiamined  by  the  autiquaiy. 

The  largo  sheet  of  water  seen 
the  chuioh  is  the  King^rury  Seiervoir, 
or,  aa  it  is  now  freqnenUy  caUed,  Kings- 
buiT  Lake,  "  a  famous  resort  for  water- 
fowl," and  a  ravourite  hatmt  of  Lon- 
don angletv.  A  patli  from  the  cLurch- 
stile  luadB  1o  tho  embankment  at  the 
foot  of  the  reservoir,  where  notice,  in 
the  centre,  as  a  flne  specimen  ot  mas- 
sive brickwork  and  masonry,  the  great 
aemi-circular  penstock  or  weir,  by 
which  the  surplus  water  is  let  off  info 
the  Brent.  From  this  embankment 
the  reservoir  extends  H.  for  above  a 
mile,  and  in  one  terl  nearly  i  m. 
wide,  croesitig  the  Edgware-road  in  2 
branches,  at  Brent  Bridge,  by  the  Old 


extent  of  the  lake  is  obtained  from  the 
penstock. 

The  reservoir  is  well  stored  with 
jack,  perrh,  roach,  tench,  and  carp. 
The  fishing  is  rented  by  Mr.  W.  P. 
Warner,  of  the  Old  WeUh  Harp,  and 
strictly  preserved.  Annual  subsorip- 
tiou,  one  guinea  each  red;  day-tickets 
for  jack,  2a.  6d. ;  for  roach  aud  general 
flsbiog.  Is. 

KiMQsCLiFrE,  see  QaniU. 

King's  Lynn,  see  Lyrm,  King's. 
,    KrKo'a  8ui-roN,  aee  Banhary. 


N  Laett,  see  TFintiome. 

ffiurrey)— Stat,  on  main  line  of  the 
L,  k  S.  W.  Ely.  at  Surbiton  ;  on  the 
Twickenham  loop  line  at  New  King- 
eton,  N,  of  the  town;  this  station  serves 
also  for  the  N.  London  and  L.  C.  & 
D.  Klys,— 10  m.  from  London  by  road. 
Inn* :  Southampton  Hotel  (at  the  8.W. 
Kly.SUt,);  Griffin  in  the  town;  Son. 


The  town  is  situated  on  the  rt.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  opposite  Hampton 
Wick,  with  which  it  is  united  by  a 
handsome  stone  bridge.  The  towa 
extends  for  nearly  a  mile  along  tbe 
Tbames,  and  for  a  1  ike  distance  along 
the  Portsmouth  load,  and  is  united  by 
streets  and  houses  to  Surbiton. 

In  the  open  apace  in  front  of  the 
Court  House  is  placed  the  ancient 
stone  on  which,  according  to  tradition, 
the  Saxon  kings  sat  when  crowned. 

The  pariah,  or  old  Ch.  (All  Saints), 
near  the  market-place,  is  one  of  the 
iMgeat  churches  in  the  connly.  It  ia 
crucifonu,  with  a  massive  central  tower, 
in  which  is  a  peal  of  10  bells.  The 
interior  was  restored  in  IS62.  Some 
of  the  momtmeidt  are  interesting. 

The  Lamlet  of  Coombe  (Coouibe  aud 
Maiden  Stat.,  L.  &  S.W.  lilyj  is  2  m. 
E.  of  Kingston.  Cooinbe  TVood  ia  a 
wild,  forest-like  tract.  Rambling  in 
it  is  now  forbidden,  but  there  are  open 
paths  still  frequented  by  sketdiera. 

KiNGSWEAB,  see  Darlmoulh. 

KiNTER,  Hce  Stourbridge. 

Itirl»yMHxloe(Leic.),Stat, 
Midi.  Ely.,  4}  m.  from  Leicetter.  The 
ivy-clad  ruins  of  a  castellated  mansion 
(temp,  circ,  Ileniy  Vn.),  hnilt  by  one 
ot  the  Hasting  &jnily,  is  a  splendid 
Bpeoimen  of  brick  building.  A  little 
to  W.  of  Baiby,  1  ni.  N.,  is  (he  Roman 
Camp,  known  as  the  £ur^  Camj) :  and 
in  the  same  parish,  on  the  road  to  Brad- 
gate  Jseo  Leiceeier),  is  Groby  Pool,  a 
btandful  mere  of  40  acres,  containing 
ntimbers  of  pike  and  perch,  and  a 
great  resort  of  waterfowl.  Detford 
"  at.  is  -2*  m.  W.  of  Kirby  Musloe 

26  HincHey). 

Hlrhbw  Fort-Ht  (Notts.)— 
Stat.  (Kirkby)  Midi.  Rly.,  Mansfield 
Branch — is  worth  a  visit  for  the  beau- 
tiful vieiB  from  Itobin  Hood'a  Hills, 
embracing  Ncnstead,  Annealey,Hard- 
wicke  Hall,  and,  far  in  the  distance, 
the  rocks  of  Chamwood  to  the  N.W., 
and  the  towers  of  Lincoln  Cathedral 

theE. 

EniEBT  MoOEisiDG,  See  Think, 

Kntirnv  grEFHEN,  see  Appl^. 

KiKKHEATON,    See  BuddfT^ld. 

KrnxLEiTHiM,  see  Bedcar. 
Kirk  Newton,  see  Woofer, 


KNABESBOBOOGS— LAKES. 


245 


KiBKOSWiLB,  see  PenrttA. 

KiHKBTALL,  See  Ltedi. 

KiEK  Whtupdioton,  gee  Beliay. 

KraTLlNO,  see  Neurmarket. 

KxMTE,  see  Gaintboro'. 

Knap-hill,  aea  Wobing. 

K.iiare8lH>roug-li  (Yofke.), 
Stat,  JT-E.  Ely.  Jnn;  The  Crown.  This 
tovn  u  veij  picturesquely  sitnated  on 
the  1.  bank  of  the  Nidd,  here  a  broad 
full  river,  Rowing  between  high  cVtfUa 
of  nognedan  limestone,  with  wooded 

The  caunectioQ  of  'Eugene  Aram' 
with  the  town  haa,  since  vte  publica- 
tion of  Lord  Lytton's  romanee,  given  a 
sentimeutal  interest  to  KnareaboToagh. 

The  Church,  restored  since  1870,  is 
of  various  dates,  from  E.  E.  to  Ferp., 
andofeonaidcrablointerest.  The  nave, 
of  i  baya,  ia  Perp.,  but  the  piers  of 
the  central  tower  are  earlier,  and  the 
chancel  is  apparently  E.  B. ;  the  b 
dow  Ferp.,  and  Dec.  insertions. 

The  CaitU!  occiim.es  a  coiuniodi< 
p^ition  on  the  cliff  above  tlie  ri^ 
The  original  .Norm,  fortress  has 
tirely  disappeired.     The  eiiating 
niains  are  not  earlier  than  the  reiga 
of  Edward  IIL    The  most  important 
ftagment  remaining  ia  the  keep,  now 
littie  more  than  a  rain.     (A  amall 
cha^e  is  made  for  showing  it.) 

The  Nidd  is  here  crossed  by 
bridges.  The  tourist  should  lake  that 
farthest  up  the  river  (nearest  the  sta- 
tion) ;  and  eStet  crossing  it,  a  gate,  1., 
will  lead  him  into  the  long  v>alk,  wind- 
ing by  the  river  side  under  a  pleasant 
hanging  wood.  In  this  walk  is  the 
famous  Drvppiag  Well.  The  water, 
paaaing  over  the  top  of  a  projecting 
mass  of  rock  about  25  ft.  higli,  falls  in 
oord-like  streamlets  from  its  brow,  and 
is  renowned  for  its  petrifying  qualities, 
curious  specimens  of  which  can  be 
purchased  at  the  well.  Either  at  the 
well  itself,  or  at  the  public-house 
{Molher  Shipton  Jnn),  the  visitor  will 
be  called  upon  to  pay  6d. 

Reerosaing  the  Nidd  by  the  hoar 
bridge  (near  the  public-house),  — 
reach  (on  the  i.  bank)  a  very  1 
quarry  excavated  in  the  limestone  i 
The  cliffs  below  have  been  hollowed 
out  into  numerous  cavities. 


which  serve  as  dwellings.    The  most 
remarkable  of  these  ia  Bt,  Sobai'i 

Chapel. 

A  little  more  than  a  mile  below 
Knaiesborough  is  the  cell  hollowed  in 
the  rock  called  81.  Bobert'i,  or  more 
inerally,  at  present,  Eugene  Aram's 
.  ive.  A  padi  and  aome  rude  steps 
lead  down  to  it  from  the  road,  and  the 
keys  are  kept  at  a  neighbouring  cot- 

ithene^hbonrhoodiSiSn-iKnSaU. 

old  seat  of  the  Slingabys:  and 
(2  m.  9.)  Plumvlon  Park,  where  the 
pleasure^rounas  are  extent  ve  and 
beautiful,  and  open  to  visitors. 

Sarroijate  is  reached  in  a  few  mi- 
nutes by  rail  from  Koareslxirough. 

K^nlKTlKOii  (Radnor.)  — Stat., 
L.  t  N.W.  Rly.,  Craven  Anna  Btnnch 
{Inn :  Chandoa  Anna) — is  prettily  situ- 
ated on  rising  ground  oTetlookme  rt, 
bank  of  the  Teme.  The  principal  ob- 
ject of  intorost  ia  Offa's  Dyke,  which 
passes  through  the  town.  The  sce- 
nery at  HolUiaaij  Eodit  ia  good ;  and 
Caer  Caradoc,  i  m.  N.,  is  supposed  to 
be  the  scene  of  CaractHcus's  defeat  by 
the  Romans  under  Ostorius. 

ExoiTiiont. — 7  m.  N.  to  Cltin  {Inn  : 
Buffalo),  a  very  quiet  litUe  place  with 
a  ruined  CaMe  (the  'Qajrde  Dolo- 
rense"of  SirW,  Scott's 'Betrothed'). 
TheiAurcfthftaapret^lyohgalo.  2  m, 
on  the  Knucklaa  toad  is  Craig  Donna, 
a  picturesque  rock  and  ravine. 

Knightsfoed  Bfin^E,  see  Brom- 
yard. 

KmanTwiCE.  see  Bromyard. 

Knole.  see  Semnoake. 

KsowBLEY,  see  Prescot. 

Khctspoed,  see  AitTiatham. 

Kyloe  Hill9,  see  Bdfirrd. 

Kynanck  Cove,  see  Heltton. 

Laokfobb,  see  Burj  ~        '  .     .._. 

L&cooE  Abbey,  Ke  Chippenham  and 
MeUitham, 

Lasrah  Bay,  see  Sidmoalh. 

I.nkefl  (Eng-llNh)  are  com- 
prised witbin  the  two  counties  of 
Westmorland  and  Cumberland  and  a 
■mall  portion  of  Lancashire.  These 
beautiinl  aheets  of  water  generally 
owe  their  origin  to  dislocations  or 
faults  in  the  strata  of  the  district  in 
which  they  lie.    The  bottom  of  Wast- 


24G 


LAKES— LANCASTSR. 


water,  for  example,  U  consideraU; 
lower  than  the  eea-Ievel,  and  conaiBta 
ot  solid  rock.  The  geology  of  the  diB- 
triot,  whioh  haa  been  aa  ;et  only  par- 
tiallj  investigated,  ia  not  unlike  that 
of  N.  Wales.  The  principal  mountain 
massea  are  composed  of  Btrata  (mostly 
slate  formation)  mptoied  and  tilted  up 
on  their  edges,  witii  later  deposits  oa 
their  flanks,  and  there  ia  ample  evi- 
dence of  the  prevalence,  at  aome  re- 
mote period,  of  very  extensive  igneous 
action.  Porphyry  dykea  are  nnmerotu, 
Mid  granitic  boulders  have  been  dia- 
peraed  over  a  wide  rtcion  by  glacial  ac- 
tionorbjflooda.  To  the  tourist  who  can 
only  pay  a  Qjing  viait,  to  tbe  moie 
fortunate  sojourner,  to  the  geologist, 
botanist,  or  antiquarian  there  ia  no 
district  in  the  three  Kingdoms  which 
offers  greater  attractioua.  From  any 
place  south  of  the  river  Tees,  visitoia 
generally  enter  the  Lake  Diatrict 
either  at  Windermere  Eailwaj  Sta- 
tion, or  by  Fumess  Baolway,  which 
skirta  Morecambe  Bay  and  runs  riri 
TJlveteton  to  the  south  end  of  Wiiider- 
meie  liike.  From  Scotland  and  the 
extreme  north  of  Englaad,  the  t^iuiist 
generally  proceeds  to  Penrith,  hence 
OT  rail  to  Keawick ;  or  by  ooach  to 
i^Kiley-bridge,  6  m.,  sailing  up  Ulls- 
water  in  the  steemer,  and  continuing 
the  journey  from  Fatterdale  to  Amble- 
side, or  Eeawick.  The  best  and  usual 
starting  point  is  undoubtedly  Winder- 
mere  (see), 

SkOdm  Tour. 

lat  day. — London  to  Xnncoatsr 
(sleep  at  Conu^  Hotel,  close  to  sta- 
tion; or  King's  Anna,  in  the  town). 

2nd  day. — Tisit  Lancaster  Oude 
Qiuhlic  adinitled  at  11  a.m.  and  2  f.h.). 
To  Fwmeti  AUbey,  stopping  eii  routs 
as  trains  permit,  at  (a)  Orange ;  (b) 
Gark  Stat,  for  Holker  HaU.  Sleep  at 
Fumea  Abbey  Hold. 

3rd  day. — Sailvtaj  to  BarTwe-in- 
Funtesi  and  Fiel  Caatle.  Railway 
vi£  Brought^in  ta  ConitUm ;  thence  by 
coach,  leaving  about  4  p.m.,  via  Hawks- 
head,  Esthwsite  Water,  and  fenr,  to 
Boumeit.  (Sleep  at  Old  England 
Hotel)  ^ 


*th  day. — First  steamer  round  Win- 
dermereLake;  coach  (about  11  o'clock) 
from  Windermere  to  Gratmere  ;  hence 
by  a  later  coacb  to  AmbUtiilt. 

5th  day. — Coach  to  Kemfick  (aleep 
at  Derwentwater  Hotel,  FortiTiscale), 
After  halting  at  Keswick  (see)  to  eiyoy 
as  many  as  posaible  of  the  delightful 
ezcuigions  which  may  he  conveniently 
made    from    that   town,  the   tourist 


t>iS  Eirkstone  Faas  to  AmbUiide, 
thence  to  Windermere ;  or  from  Fooley 
Bridge  to  F^rilh  Stat.  This  tour  em- 
braces all  the  lakes  as  well  as  the  chief 
places  of  interest  in  the  district.  A 
full  description  of  each  of  tlie  places 
included  in  this  tour  is  given  under 
the  headings  marked  in  italic.  Pe- 
destrians and  others  wishing  to 
ramble  over  less  (ie^uented  patlts, 
will  do  well  to  provide  themselves 
with  a  copy  of  the  'Handbook  for 
Westmorland,  Cumberland,  and  the 
Lakes'  (price 6(.).  Jenkinaon's  'Prac- 
tical Guide  to  the  English  Lakes,' 
(Stanford,  prioe  6t.),  will  be  also 
found  most  useful.  Circular  Tour 
tickets  (1st  class,  11>.;  2nd  class,  Sa.) 
are  issued  daring  Uie  months  of  Jane 
to  September,  by  the  Furuess  Rail- 
way Company,  embracing  Uie  follow- 
ing places ; — Fumees  Abbey,  Ulver- 
ston,  Windermere  Lake,  Bowuesa, 
Ambleside,  Conistou  Lake.  The  tour 
can  be  made  in  cme  day ;  or,  the 
tickets  being  available  for  7  days,  a 
halt  for  the  night  ma;  be  made  at  any 
of  the  places  hamed. 

Lalbham  (Middlesex),  see  Thamea 
Tour. 

Lambebhubsi',  see  Twibridga  WeUa. 

Lahbtoh  Castle,  see  <Jheiler-U- 
Street. 

LAMHBBatDB  (Dastle,  see  Appl^. 

Lamphbt,  see  Tenby. 

I«iica»ter(Laao.).  Stata.,  (a) 
L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.  at  the  foot  rf  C^sUe 
(232  m.  from  London);  (6)  Midi,  at 
Green  Ayre.  Inne;  (Jounty  Hotel, 
adjoining  station ;  King's  A^ma, 
deacribed  by  Dickens,  good  and  old 
fashioned.  Ia  the  nominal  capital  of 
the  coun^,  though  surparaed  in  size 
and  importance  by  almost  eveiy  other 


town,  and  flupplanfed  bj  Liverpool 
a  i>ort.  The  Ciuth  is  a  fine  mass 
building,  in  great  part  modeiniae  , 
and  DOW  contuDing  tha  gaol,  Assize- 
conrte,  &c.  There  are  5  towers— the 
Gatewny  Towet,  buiJt  by  John  of 
Gaunt,  whose  efflgy  is  over  Uia  en- 
trance ;  the  LungeBS  Tower  or  Great 
KormaD  Keep,  at  top  of  which  is  a 
turret  called  John  of  Qaunt's  chair; 
the  Dungeon  Tower  on  the  B.  aide ; 
Adrian's  Tower  and  the  Well  Tower. 
In  the  Great  Keep  which  is  of  enor- 
mous thickness,  is  the  prison  chapel. 
In  the  Crown  Court,  see  painting  of 
George  III.  on  horseback,  by  North- 
cote,  and  the  "  holdfast "  in  which  tha 
criminal's  hand  was  fastened  to  be 
burnt  St.  Man/B  Chanli  f  IStli  oeni) 
is  close  to  the  Castle,  and  from  the 
ch.-yd.  is  a  raperb  view  over  Uore- 
cambe  Bay  and  the  Lake  mountains. 
Notice  tbe  carvings  in  tha  chancel 
brou^t  &om  Cockersand  Abbev.  In 
the  East-road  is  St.  Peler'i  Soman 
Catholic  Church,  by  Palay,  Geom.- 
Gothic  style,  and  magnifleectlj  decor- 
ated. From  thence  ascend  the  hill, 
passiag  the  Grammar  School,  where 
Whewell  and  Hichard  Owen  were 
educated,  for  the  sake  of  tha  fini 
view  of  Clongba,  the  Wyersdal* 
Fells,  and  the  Welsh,  L  of  Man, 
and  Lake  mountains.  Over  forty 
moontains  above  2000  ft.  in  height, 
can  be  seen  from  Lancoater.  Outside 
the  town,  and  close  to  the  L.  &  N.  W. 
Bly.,  is  RipUy'a  HomiUd,  a  large  but 
not  very    successful  E,-E.   buuding, 


the  plan  of  Earlswood — which 
accommodate  600  patients.  The  build- 
ing has  cost  over  50,0001.  and  is  open 
to  titAian  every  Monday  and  Thurs- 

The  principal  mamifaetorin  ere  the 
American  leather,  table  baiza,  print 
and  bronze  works  of  Messrs.  Storey 
and  Messrs.  Williamson.  More  of  the 
above  articles  are  made  ia  Lancaster 
than  all  the  reet  of  England — over 
200,000  square  yards  of  cloth  are 
painted  every  day.    For =— =—  ■- 


ISTER.  247 

visit,  apply  to  the  principals.  The 
cotton  miUschieflyiiupply  the  cloth  for 
thaimitationleather,&c.  Thetwofirma 
employ  over  3000  hands ;  there  is  also 
a  silk  ""ill,  and  a  cocoa-matting  milU 
The  extensive  works  of  Messrs.  Gillow, 
of  Lancaster  and  Iiondon,  and  Messrs. 
Bell  and  Coupland,  cabinet-caakers, 
&o.,  employ  a  large  number  of  bands. 
Uootti  and  shoes  are  made  largely ; 
and  the  Lancaster  Wagon  Works  ueep 
about  SOU  hands. 

Tha  railway  crosses  the  Lone  by  a 
very  large  girder  bridge. 

JlSiCTirsitnw.— <o)  5  m.  to  Seyeham, 
a  little  village  on  the  shores  of  More- 
cambe  Bay,  with  an  interesting  Norm. 
Ch.  of  remarkably  small  size,  occupy- 
ing the  area  of  a  still  older  Baxon 
building.  Inthe ch.-yd.is thsOrotorjf, 
of  which  only  a  Saxon  arch  ia  left  and 
soma  very  curious  rock  toralw,  or  stone 
cofQns.  6d.  admission  fee  is  obatged 
for  entering  the  ch.-yd. 

(6)  Xorecambe,  3}  m.  by  Midland 
Rly.,  from  Green  Ayre  Stat,  a  quiet 
watering-place,  with  pleasant  breezes 
and  views  {Holdt:  North  Western; 
King's  Anna ;  West  View).  It  is  a 
channiDg  walk  2|  ni.  iiom  here  to 
Heuihaia,  along  the  shore,  (c)  By 
Midland  Bly.  to  Qumunora  Park  (W. 
J.  Gamett,  Esq.X  H  m.  S.  of  Haltou 
Stat  TickeU.  2«.  Bd.  for  a  party  of 
aix,  to  be  obtained  at  the  King^s  Arms, 
I<ancaster,  for  entering  into  tha  pork, 
wbicli  is  situated  on  the  slopea  of  the 
Litttedale  and  Clougha  FeUs,  and  is 
very  picturesque,  particularly  at  "  the 
Kiiotts."  QuernnioreCA.isingoodDeo. 
style  by  Pi^ey.  The  E.  window  was 
onlered  for  uie  English  church  at 
Cannes,  and  was  reoovared  from  the 
wreck  of  the  vessel  in  which  it  was 
sent  out  'i  m.  N.  of  Uoracambe  Is 
Bed  Baxik,  a  pretty  and  very  quiet 
little  watering-place. 


and  to  the  beautiful  da^hara  Gave*, 
18  m.  by  Midland  Rly.  Tickets  at 
the  hotel  near  the  station. 

Dietanoa. — By  Fumess  Bly.  to 
Grange,  15i  m. ;  tUverston,  29  m. ; 
Fumess  Abbey,  32}  m.;  Barrow. 
35  m. 


LAN6P0RT—LA  USCSSTON. 


LlNCBESTEB,  866  Durliam. 

Lanobucit,  aee  Caiabridge. 

IiAHDBWEDNACK,  BM  Reltlim. 

Land's  End,  see  i'«ii:iii(». 

LitNDCLPH,  see  Ph^iaotilh. 

Lanehah,  see  Long  Mel/ord. 

Lakgsale,  see  Jmbksulf. 

liWiiKVOi't'(Sntuerget.).  Stat 
the  Durfllon  »nd  Yeovil  branch  of  the 
BriBtol  aiid  Exeter  Hly.  Jim;  Lang- 
port  Anne.  This  town  stands  od  tlie 
rt.  bank  ot  the  Partett,  just  helow  its 
confluence  with  the  He  and  Yeo. 

Lajigport  Ch,,  at  the  upper  end  of 
the  tnwn,  a  large  Perp.  building,  has 
a  good  tower  ot  the  date  of  Hen.  VII. 
There  is  a  curious  piece  of  sculpture 
over  the  inner  door  nf  the  porch. 

Immediately  beyond  the  ch.  the 
road  is  crossed  by  an  archway,  above 
which  is  A  Perp.  chspel  known  as  the 
Hanging  Chapel,  Hon  used  as  the 
Queketl  Mttieum,  conlaining  a  small 
miscellaneous  collection  of  curiosities. 
A  little  further  1.  rises  the  exquisite 
tovrer  of  Suiik  Epieawi,  one  of  the 
most  perfectly  lovely  of  the  many  fine 
tovreifl  which  are  the  glory  ot  Somer- 
Getshire. 

A  walk  of  I  m.  8.  from  Huish 
Ohurch  across  the  marshes  leads  to 
the  little  village  of  Muchelmy,  risiog 
out  of  the  surrounding  morass,  with 
its  abbey  remains,  ch.,  village  crosa, 
and  ancient  houses  embowered  in 
orohards.  It  is  a  place  of  no  ordinary 
beauty  and  interest,  and  should  by  no 
means  be  missed.  Of  the  Abbey, 
founded  939,  the  remains  are  scanty, 
but  highly  interesting.  Tho  chief 
portion  is  the  Abbot's  House,  which 
IS  nearly  perfect.  To  the  E.  of  the 
house  are  the  remains  of  the  domestic 
chapel  and  cloister,  forming  a  charm- 
ing group. 

2  m.  N.E.  of  Langport  is  Loa  Ham 
Ch.,  formerly  a  domestic  cbapel  an- 
nexed to  a  mansion  now  destroyed. 
It  stands  in  a  large  field,  and  has  no 
ch.-yd.  around  it  Lord  Slawell  began 
a  sumptuous  mansion  here,  but  it  was 
never  (Inished ;  a  fine  old  coach-boose, 
a  few  outbuildings,  nnd  gmesy  ter- 
races alone  remain.  It  is  altogether  a 
singular  spot 

mgk  Sam  Ch.,  built  1476,  baa  a 


superb  rood-screen,  a  richly  carved 
roof,  and  a  singularly  perfect  rood- 
loft  und  staircase.  On  llie  other  side 
of  the  valley  of  the  Parrett,  W.,  a  long 
stretch  of  high  ground  rises.  On  an 
escarpment  of  these  heights  stands  tha 
Parkjield  Jlfanumerif,  commonly  known 
as  the  Bartoa  Steeple,  a  column  140  ft. 
higb,  crowned  by  a  funetal-um,  erect«d 
by  the  Earl  of  Chatham  to  the  memory 
of  Sir  Wm.Pynsent  TheCA.  ofCwry 
Rival,  2  m.  8.W.,  is  worth  a  visit, 

Lakoston,  see  Forttmovfh. 

LjMiirrDBOCK  House,  see  8t.  Atatell. 

LADUHToy,  see  Leieet. 

Laughton  -  eh  -  le  -  MoBTHBN,  See 
HoOierltam. 

Laukcellb,  see  Bude. 

I.uanv««ton  (Cornwall),  Stat 
S.  Devon  and  Com.  Rly.,  Z5\  m.  from 
Plymouth,  and  about  Sj  hours  ride 
from  Exeter  via  Yeoford  and  Lidford 
Junes.  Inm :  White  Hsrt ;  King's 
Anns.  Is  situated  about  2  m.  fi'om 
the  rt  bank  of  the  Tamar,  on  the 
slope  of  a  steep  hill,  on  the  top  of 
which  aw  the  remains  of  a  very  old 
castle  (temp,  probably  Hen.  III.),  sur- 
rounded by  a  pleasant  public  pleasure 
ground.  Launceston  Gastle  is  con- 
nected with  many  passages  in  Englisli 
history;  the  last  garrison  was  that  ot 
Charles  I.  Gearge  Fox,  the  Quaker, 
was  imprisoned  in  one  of  the  dun- 
geons for  some  months ;  his  place  of 
conflnemeut,  close  by  the  North  Gate, 
still  exists.  Tho  late  Perp.  Ch.  of  St. 
Maty  Magdalen  (restored),  has  a 
beautiful  S.  porch,  a  Norm,  foot,  and 
a  curious  pulpit,  which  may  be  spe- 
cially remarked.  The  C7i.  of  St. 
Tkomoi,  nearly  at  the  foot  of  the  bill, 
has  15th-cent.  doot-hiiiges,  a  good 
font,  and  a  carefully  preserved  frag- 
ment of  mural  painting  worth  noticing. 
Werriagfot  Park,  1  m.  N.,  and  En3»- 
leigh  (see  Tavittock),  9  m.  S.,  should 
also  be  visited.  On  the  road  to  Cal- 
lington  is  passed  tho  ivied  ruin  of 
Trecarrel,  6  m.,  and  ]  m.  beyond,  the 
SpOTtaman'i  Armi.  a.  convenient  half- 
way house,  and  dose  to  which  are  the 
CartJiamartha  Sock»  —  a  ohanning 
point  of  view  (permission  to  visit 
]¥om  A.  B.  Collier,  Esq..  whose  resi- 
dence is  on  the  e8tate>  Before  enter- 


LA  UNCE8T0l<—lEAMmaT0lf. 


2W 


iagCaUingtua^Inn:  GoliUng'a  Hotel), 
the  rood  croesea  tho  foot  of  Kit  Hill 
{1067  a),  in  835  the  scene  of  the 
defeat  of  the  Danes  and  Britooe,  by 
Egbert,  and  oommanding:  perhapB  tho 
moat  impreaaivG  and  benutiful  view  ia 
ComwttlL  Visit  here  the  Ck.  (Perp. 
with  a  cterestoryX  and  observe  ala- 
baster eSl^  of  1st  Lord  Willoaghby 
do  Broke  (d.  ISOU),  and  mnopied  ctosb 
in  ob.-yd.  To  the  W.  ot  Launeeaton 
ia  CamelfOTd  (Jnn;  King's  Arma), 
15J  m.  by  road,  from  which  aeveral 
blghly  interestiug  exeaTsions  can  bo 
made.  It  is  the  neaieat  town  to  the  two 
Corniah  moimtainB  fioufor  (1296  fL), 
and  Brov<n  WiRij  (1380  ft.),  5  and  7  m. 
8.E.:  and  tbo  ezoursion  mny  be  ex- 
tended to  the  wild  vaDey  of  Haaler- 
Gantiek  by  the  DeuiTi  Jump^  The 
Avalk  between  the  Jump  aad  Wenford 
Bridge  ia  deli^litful,  and  a  treat  for 
the  botaniet,  Sshernian,  or  artist.  To 
the  N.  of  Camelford  lies  one  of  the 
most  intereating  districts  in  Cornwall, 
since  it  includes  BosciutU,  tlio  ruing 
of  King  AHkur'g  Caitk  of  Tinlaiiel, 
the  magnifloent  line  of  coast  between 
these  points,  and  the  celebrated  elnte 
Qiinrries  of  Ddabole.  It  ia  4t  m.  to 
Ao«cnsilo(Jnn;  WeUingtcn,  flwt-rate), 
which  should  on  no  account  be  left 
■uiivisited.  The  scenery  in  tho  neigh- 
bourhood ia  most  romantic,  and  of  the 
grandeni  of  tho  coast  it  is  impossible 
to  sneak  too  highly.  Immediately  W. 
of  theliatbourriBeaTPiUaparft  Point,  a 
magnificent  headland  (eee  a]Bo  Bade). 
A  delightful  excursion  can  be  made  to 
Craekingtoit  Cone,  a  romantic  spot 
4  m.  E,  The  road  passea  oyer  Ses- 
^arvell  Drntm  (850  ft,),  which  com- 
loanda  a  fine  view  of  the  sea  and 
coast.  MimUT  Ok.,  1  m.  E.  of  Boa- 
caalle,ia  also  well  worth  a  visit— toole 
througli  the  valley.  Aboat  IJ 
from  it  ia  a  waterial!  (about  150  ft) 
in  a  rcoeas  called  Pentorgan  Core. 
The  distance  to  Tintagel  is  about  3  m. 
Proceeding  along  the  coast,  the  fiirm- 
house  of  Trethevey  is  reached  (alraat 
1}  m.)  where  tho  key  of  the  door 
leading  to  tlie  cascade,  8t.  SighUm't 
Keitte,  may  he  obtained,  and  a  guide 
•••■-"■■•  'f  wiahed. 

:  Wham- 


cliffe  Anns  —  very  comfortable)  ia 
about  1  m.  from  the  headland  of  IVn- 
tagel,  on  which  are  some  ruins  of  a 
castle,  protected  by  a  wall  and  locked 
door,  the  key  of  which  can  lie  obtained 
at  a  house  in  the  valley  on  the  way 
tn  the  headland.  1  m.  B.  of  Trevena 
ia  Tfebartcith  Slraiid,  a  very  favourite 
spot  with  artists.  From  Tintagel  the 
lourJBt  should  return  to  Camelford  by 
tlie  Delahde  Slate  Quarriei,  4  m.  from 
Trcvena,  and  2  m.  W.  from  Camelford. 
The  distance  from  Tintagel  to  Bude 
is  21  m. ;  to  Bodmin,  20  m.  Proceeil- 
in^  from  Camelford  to  Wadebridge 
(Jn?u ;  The  Moleaworth  Arms ;  Ckim- 
metciat  Hotel),  the  churches  of  SI. 
Teaih,  3  la.,  and  SI.  Kea,  a  m.  further 
on,  shonld  be  viaited.  From  Wade- 
bridge (see),a  town  remarkable  for  its 
lone  and  old  bridge,  a  train  mns  once 
a  ^y,  three  days  n.  week,  and  twice 
on  Saturdays  to  Bodmin. 

Lavenhah,  see  Long  Melford. 

LAxriELD,  see  Framlingluau. 

Latoock  Abbei,  see  CliippejJiam. 

Lea  (Line),  eeo  Gainiborough. 

I.e»niln||rroil  (Warwickah.), 
Stat.,  971  m.  from  London  by  L.  &  N. 
W.  Bly. ;  and  105}  m.  by  Gt.  W.  Rly. 
troia  Paddington.  It  is  disbmt  2}  m. 
N.E.  from  Warwick ;  23  m.  from  Bir- 
mint-ham;  OJ  m.  from  Coventry ;  and 
15  m,  from  Buaby.  Inns:  ••Eegent 
H.;  "Manor  Honse  H.,  close  to  rly. 
stala.;  Clarendon  H..  lAnsdownc- 
place  ;  Crown  (Joraraercinl  H.,  High- 
street;  Bath  H.,  Bath-street ;  Angel 
H.,  Begent-street.  From  an  obscure 
and  humble  village,  this  town  has 
rapidly  risen  to  a  large  aod  fashion- 
able watering-place.  It  owes  its  im- 
portance to  the  medicinal  properties  of 
its  mineral  waters,  which  are  of  three 
kinds;  sulphureous,  saline,  and  chaly- 
beate. The  town  is  most  pleasaQtly 
sitnated  in  the  valley  of  the  I'Cam,  and 
the  immediate  neighbonihood  abounds 
with  objcctd  of  historical  inteKst  and 

flsoea  of  great  beauty.  The  chief 
att-oSiee  ia  in  Friory-lsrrace.  Letters 
are  delivered  at  7  a.m.;  11.30  a.m.; 
and  6.30  f.u,  ;  and  there  are  several 
despatches  daily  (except  Sundays, 
when  there  is  only  one)  to  London  and 
the  North.    The  Bath»  in  the  town 


LMATHEItnEAD—LEDBUSY. 


are,  Boyal  LeamtngUm  Batb  and 
Futpp  KcximB,  on  the  Lower  Parade ; 
u  large  awimming  batb,  and  TurkiBh 
baths  have  been  added — Ustefnllv  laid 
out  gardeiu  aie  attached;  and  the 
whole  now  fomiB  one  of  lie  most  com- 

Eleto  bathing  establiBhrneDts  in  the 
ingdom.  Oldham'a  (openairj  Swim- 
ming Bafhi  (not  saline),  near  Ijeam- 
terraoe  ;  Hiideon's  Sulplmr  and  Saline 
Sjoinge,  High-etreet ;  Earl  of  Ayleit- 
Jor^e  (or  Old  Spring)  Pump  Room, 
Bath-Btreet;  and  Free  FtraiUain (seiiaB 
and  spring  water),  Bilh-atraet.  The 
Jeph»on  Gardene,  a  ia^hioQable  resort, 
are  aituated  near  the  bottom  of  the 


brook-road.  There  is  a  fine  Tennii 
and  Racket  Court  in  Lower  Bedford- 
street,  and  adjoining  it  a  flrgt-claaa 
club.  The  Warwickahire  Club  ia 
in  Waterloo-place.  In  Bath-atreet  is 
the  Free  Fublio  Library  and  Heading 
Soma,  and  Mv^e  Hall.  The  Emjal 
Aigetnbly  Boome  are  in  the  Lower 
Paiade  and  Regent-street. 

EtcurfliDM.— <o)  Warwick  CtuUe, 
2  m.  S.W.  (6)  Strai/ord-on-Avon 
(Stat.X  10  m.  S.W.  (e)  KenOumih 
(Slat.)  'and  Sloneleigh  Ahbey,  5  m.  N. 
(see  Gimenlrjj).  (d)  WraitiiiU  Abbey, 
8  m.  N.W.,  and  3  m.  frooi  Hatton 
Stat.  (e)Gu!/'«Cii/,3m,W.  </)0f- 
chirch  Eary,  3  m.  E. 

IjEAp,  aee  Soutkamptoit. 

l.e»tlierliead  (Snrreyl  Stat, 
on  the  Croydon  and  Dorking  branch 
of  the  L.  B.  &  S.  C.  Ely.,  and  the  ler- 
minoa  of  the  Wimbledon  and  I^eather- 
head  branch  of  the  L.  &  S.  W.  Kly. ; 
3J  m.  6.W.  from  Bpeom,  i  m.  N,  from 
DorkiiiK,  and  18  m.  from  London  by 
road.  Inm;  Swan  Hotel;  Bull,  com- 
mercial inn. 

The  town  stands  on  the  rt  bank  of 
the  Hole,  at  the  foot  of  the  beautiful 
vale  of  Micklebam.  which  extends 
hence  to  Dorking. 

The  Guildford  road  is  carried  over 
the  Mole  by  a  bridge  of  H  archee. 
On  the  town  aide  ot  the  bridge  ia 
a  rude  timber-framed  honsc  (but 
much  altered^  known  aa  the  Old 
Running  Horae,  which,  according  to 
-•■—""—  —8  the  ale-house  of  Skel- 


ton'fl  Elynour  Bummyng  (temp.  Hen. 

vm.). 

Leaiherhead  Common,  a  large  and 
pleasant  piece  of  wild  heath  on  the  E. 
of  the  town,  was  enclosed  in  1862. 
For  other  Excaraimtt,  see  Dorking  and 
MickUham. 

■iieclilade  (Glouccat.)-^tatT 
Witney  and  E.  G  louceatf cshire  branch 
of  Gt.  W.  Ely.  (Inn:  New  Inn)— ia 
prettily  aituated  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Colne  and  Lech  with  the  Thames, 
which  ia  crowned  by  a  bridge  J  m. 
from  tile  town.  The  Ch.  (Perp.)  has 
a  beavtifnl  epiie.  From  here  it  is 
10  min.   lido    by   rail    to    Fairford 


Lkconbteld,  see  Severleg. 

l.edlmry  (Hereford.)— Stat.,  G. 
W.  Kly.  (Inn  r  Feathers),— pictur- 
esquely  situated  on  the  smali  river 
Leader. 


gradual  transition  from  Bomaneaqne 
H)  Porp.  being  obaervahle  in  the 
building.  The  monuments  ore  nu- 
meroufl  and  interesting. 

The  Baapital  of  St.  Catlienne,  in  the 
High-street,  founded  1232,  was  rebuilt 
in  1820,  and  enlarged  in  I85G. 

2  m.  E.  EattMiT  Caelle(Eai\  Somers) 
ia  a  modem  structure,  from  designs 
by  Smirke,  in  the  style  of  the  reign  of 
Edw.  I.  The  entrance-haU,  GO  ft.  im 
height  and  length,  is  a  noble  apart- 
ment of  Norm,  architecture.  The 
principal  drawing-room  is  furnished 
in  the  Ootbio  style,  and  a  suite  of 
apartments  has  been  fitted  up  and  de- 
corated in  (he  Italian  style.  There  if 
an  interesting  collection  of  pictuiet. 
and  the  castle  ia  fuU  of  wood-earring 
and  works  of  art.  Visitois  are  ad- 
mitted on  Tuesdays  and  Fridays 
during  the  absence  of  the  fEimily ;  on 
TaesiMys  only  at  other  times.  The 
wooded  slopes  around  tbe  castle 
abound  in  beautiful  groups  of  conl- 

"Eastnor  Park,  with  ita  eiiiuiBite 
scenery,  will  amply  repay  a  visit  from 
the  geologist ;  and  be  will  find  a  moat 
pleasant  village  Inn  at  the  Somers 
Arms."    The  Church  contains  seveisl 


elaborate  monnments  irbich  deserve 
attendoD. 

Boabury,  Si  m.  N.  of  Ledbunr  Stat, 
contaiuB  many  ancient  timber  hotues, 
■mth  ornamented  bargeboards.  Tlie 
Church  is  B.  E.  with  seTsral  Ferp, 
finished  wiudoiva,  and  a  maauivo  de 
taobed  tuwer  of  3  atsgee,  nt  80  ft.  8 

Botbary  Hoaee  fBoT.  E.  H^gins) 
contains  a  ccilloction  of  bronzes,  Etrua- 
can  potterj,  and  other  articles  of 
iuteteet. 

2}   m.   W.  is  a  conical 
called  Wall  BiUa,  tlie  lower  part 


pentagonal  camp  of  about  30 
donble  ditched,  now  cultivated. 

5  m.  N.  CasUe  Frotme  CfcureA  con- 
tains a  curious  Norm.  foot.  Under 
the  8.  window  of  the  chancel  is  an  ex- 
q^ulsite  atone  Bgaie  of  a  knigbt  holding 
a  heart  iu  his  hand. 

At  BUh/p'a  FroDtne,  2  m,  beyond 
Castle  Froome,  is  a  very  good  specimen 
of  an  Elizabethan  mansion,  called 
Cheney  Court  (James  Moilliet,  Esq.). 

I^eedK  (Yorkshito).  There  are 
three  principal  railway  stations  all  neat 
together  JQ  Wellington-street.  From 
the  Cenlral  Stat,  start  the  trains  of  the 
G.  N.  (for  Wakefield,  Doncaiter,  and 
London),  and  Lane  &  Yoiksh.  IClys. 
(for  Bradford,  Uanchesler,  Liverpool, 
Wfliefteld,  &c.) :  from  tlie  Wellingtint 
Stat^  those  of  the  Midland  Ely.  (for 
Sbemetd,  Derby,  and  Jjondon  ;  also  to 
Bootland,  via  Settle  and  Carlisle); 
and  from  the  New  Stat  (adjoining  the 
Midland)  those  of  the  N.  E.  (for  HuD, 
York,  Darlinglon,  Newcastle,  and  Ber- 
wick) ;  and  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.  (for  Hud- 
dersfield.  Manchester,  and  Liverpool). 

At  Holbeek  Junction,  on  the  out- 
skirts of  the  town,  where  most  of  these 
lines  converge,  is  another  station,  at 
which  all  ^e  trains  which  pass  it, 
stop.  The  Oeneral  Poit  Qgee  is  in 
Park-row,  Tery  near  the  Wellington 
Station. 

Imu:  The  Queen's  at  the  Wel- 
lington Stat.,  and  the  "Great  Nortli- 
em  Hote),  at  tlie  Central  Stat.  The 
Trovelyan  Temperance  Hole),  in  Boar- 
lane,  is  good. 


W8.  251 

Leeds  (pop.  280,000)  is  the  great 
commercial  capital  of  Yorkshire ;  the 
centre  of  the  clothing  trade,  and  the 
Bfth  town  in  England  in  size  and  im- 
portance. It  is  the  assize  town  for 
the  West  Bidine  of  Yorkshire.  It  is 
the  greateet  cloth  market  in  the  world. 
Almost  every  kind  of  woollen  cloth  is 
made  here,  and  there  is  hardly  a  branoh 
of  manu&icture  which  is  not  repre- 
bonted.  Flax  mills,  dye  and  bleaching 
works,  felt  factories,  iron  works,  and 
factories  for  the  making  of  machines, 
brass  foondries,  glass  works,  cap  and 
shoe  bctories  on  a  great  scale,  cbe- 
mioal  works,  and  leuther  works  are 
among  the  moat  impotlatit  of  these. 

WelttTigton-etreet,  in  which  are  the 
prittcipal  warebouBes;  and  Briggate, 
where  are  the  best  shops,  are  the  most 
important  streets  in  Leeds ;  and  a  fine 
street  has  beenmadeoathesite  of  the 
ancient  Boar-lane. 

The  principal  sights  are  tlie  Charehet, 
the  Tiiuni  EaO,  the  PhSoeophical  HaU 
with  its  Masaim,  the  MeiAanict'  Inati- 
lution,  and  the  Factoriee  and  machine 
"  shops  "  of  some  of  the  greater  firms. 
These  last  Ibrm,  of  course,  tho  great 
and  peculiar  features  of  the  place,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  seen  without  a 
special  introductioQ,  and  not  always 
with  an  introduction. 

St.  Petet'i,  or  the  parish  ch.,  at  the 
end  of  Kirkgate,  was  entirely  rebuilt 
1840-11  (B.  D.  Chantrell,  archit.)  at 
a  coat  of  about  40,0001.  This  sum 
was  raised  by  volontarj  subscription, 
and  the  whole  work  is  due  to  the 
energy  of  the  late  Dean  Hook.  A  new 
reredos  was  erected  in  1872,  The 
organ  is  a  very  fine  one.  'ihe  choir  is 
oelebrated,  and  the  visitor  will  do  well 

attend  the  service  here.    There  la 

The  oh.  of  St.  John,  LitUe  Holbeek 
(Sir  a.  Q.  Scott),  is  worth  attention. 
By  far  the  most  interesting  chntcb, 
however,  is 

8t.  John';  in  new  Briggate.  This 
(AureA,  consecrated  by  Arbp.  Neale, 
Sept  21,1634,  isavery  remarkable  ^iro- 
bably  unique)  eiam^e  of  a  "  Laudian" 
ch.,  completed  jost  before  the  outbreak 
of  the  civil  war,  and  still  retaining  its 
original  fittings.    It  consists  of  a  long 


luiTe  and  chancel,  with  S.  aide.  All 
the  deUilB  are  remarkable. 

In  Pork-lEuie,  not  very  far  from  the 
nilwuy  station,  is  the  Toon  Hall,  tegnn 
in  1893,  and  opened  b;  Qneen  Victoria 
in  1858  (Brodrick.  arohitl.  The 
Victoria  Hall,  162  ft.  by  72  fl,,  and 
7S  ft.  high,  is  capable  of  holding  8000 
persona.  The  cost  of  the  Town  Hall 
waa  about  120,000i. 

The  Fhiloiophieal  HaU,  in  Pnrk' 
low,  contains  the  libraiy  and  JIfiueion 
of  me  Leeds  Philosophical  and  Lite- 
rary Society ;  admission  Id.  for  each 
peraoii.  It  will  thoronahly  repay  a 
Tieit.  On  the  gronnd-floor  are  the 
lecture-ball,  council-room,  and  librar)'. 
On  (he  upper  floor  are  the  gealogieal 
and  zoological  rooms.  The  first  ia 
rich  in  both  geologioel  and  mineralo- 
gical  collections.  The  zoological  room 
oontaina  admirable  series  of  mammalia. 
The  collection  of  birds  deserves  notice. 
There  is  a  small  Indtutrial  Muteum, 
fall  of  intareat  for  visitors  to  Leeds. 
It  is  intended  to  contain  specimens  of 
the  manufactnres  carried  on  here,  and 
of  the  materials  used  in  prodncing 

The  Meehania'  Ttutitvtiim,  a  massive 
stone  building  of  Italian  character,  is 
in  Coobridge-street,  near  the  Town 
Hall.    The  cost  was  about  22.0002. 

The  Central  PuHie  Free  Library  ia 
in  Infirmnry- street 

The  Mixed-clMh  HaU  stands  neatl; 
opposite  the  Wellington  Bly.  tjtat. 
(to  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  the  hall 
is  open  for  an  honr-and-a-half,  and  the 
business  done  is  sometimes  very 
tensive. 

The  While-rit>Ot  HaU,  formerly  i 
the  Assembly  Booms,  has  been  rebuilt 
in  King-street  (near  railwav  stations), 
on  a  scale  of  some  magnificence,  at  a 
cost  of  about  3O,00nL 

At  the  corner  of  Boar-lane  and  Park- 
row  stands  the  New  Exchange,  the 
foundation-stone  of  which  was  laid 
in  1872  by  II.R.H.  Prince  Arthur. 
The  design  ia  Gothic,  and  deserves 

In  Paik-row  the  Unitarian  Chapel 
ia,  from  its  excellent  proportiona,  on( 
ofthebestbuildingsiathetowD.  Th( 
bank  of  Hessis.  Beckett  £  Cki.  {8ii 


O.  O.  SeoU),  in  the  same  row,  should 
also  be  remarked. 

Of  the  few  relics  of  earlier  days,  th« 
moat  interestteg  is,  perhapa,  the  Sed 
Hall  in  Upperhead-row— the  honee  in 
which  Chaa.  I.  waa  confined  for  K  day 
o  when  paaaing  aonthward  in  tfaa 
custody  of  Comet  Joyce. 

At  the  skirt  of  Woodhouse  Moor 
(f,  S.  comer),  above  the  (own,  is  tha 
Neir  Grammar  School,  built  by  EdvioTd 


ing.   The  school  was  founded  in  1552. 

WoodJtoute  Jtfoor  itself  is  the  breath- 
ing-place of  Leeds,  and  has  been 
bought  by  the  Corporation,  From  it 
there  is  a  flne  view  up  the  valley  of 
the  Aire,  on  the  side  of  which,  and 
round  the  moor,  are  the  bouses  of  the 
pnnoipal  merchants. 

In  Great  George-etreet,  behind  the 
Town  Hall,  is  a  Sea  Sotpital,  and  a 
Maiical  School  near  it.  The  design, 
by  Sir  6.  G.  SooU,  is  a  kind  of  Lom- 
bard-Gothic, and  said  to  he  the  most 
perfect  building  of  the  kind  iu  ex- 
istence.   Ite  cost  exceeded  100,0001. 

The  great  JSamtfactoriet  are  col- 
lected for  the  most  part  along  the 
banks  of  the  river,  and  at  night,  when 
the  light  streams  from  ionnmerabla 
windows,  this  quiirtar  of  Leeds  is  very 
striking  end  impressive. 

One  of  the  largest  fiax-mills  in  Uie 
town  is  that  of  the  Jlfetar«.  JfartAoIl,  oa 
the  B.  side  of  the  Aire.  The  iters  mill 
is  a  very  remarkable  bnilding,  forming 
one  enormous  apartment,  400  ft.  long 
by  216  ft.  broad,  and  spreads  over  a 
space  of  about  2  acres.  About  lOOO 
hands  are  at  work  dally  in  this  vast 
hall,  and  the  view  in  every  directiim 
is  wonderful . 

Of  the  Jr»n  Fadorieg  and  Foandritl, 
the  principal  ore  the  Airedale  Foundrf 
(Messrs.  Kilson),  where  locomotives, 
boilers,  &c.,  are  made :  but  one  still  more 
interesting  is  the  Wellington  Foundrt 
(Messrs.  Fairbaim).  This  covers  nearly 
i  acres  of  ground,  and  all  &e  ddi- 
cate  machinery  for  spinning  flax,  tow, 
hemp,  and  silk  may  here  t>e  seen  in 
process  of  construction.  Heeare.  John 
Fowler  k  (Jo.  (agrioulturol  implement 
makers)  have   very  exlensive   works 


adjoinli^;  the  Aii«dsle  Fonndry.  At 
the  machine  "ahop"  of  MesarB. 
Baileti  it  Oreemeood,  at  ArmUy,  is 
turned  out  &n  immenee  nmount  of  ma- 
chinery for  the  makiiig  of  fleld-guos, 
rt&M,  and  other  luatrumeDts  of  nar, 
and  for  the  more  peaceful  trade  of  tilk 
dieesing. 

The  Glow  Work)  of  Messw.  Bower, 
at  Huiulet,  and  the  She^acar  Spa- 
nigh  Ltalber  Worki,  belonging  to 
Meesra.  Wilaon,  also  nell  deserve  a 

Boujulhay,  (he  new  PvBie  Park, 
about  H  ni.  from  Ihe  top  of  Briggate, 
was  poioLased  in  1872  by  the  Corpo- 
ration OD  behalf  of  the  publio,  at  a 
ooet  of  140,0001.  It  is  773  acrea  in 
extent,  gitiuited  on  beautifully  undu- 
latiuK  ground,  well  wooded,  with  seve- 
ral lutes,  the  largest  of  which  cocera 


The  ruins  of  Kirketall  Abbey  may 
be  visited  by  taking  the  Midland  Bly. 
to  EirksColl,  or  by  tram-car.  These 
temains  ora  more  perfect  than  those 
of  any  other  Yorkshire  abboy  except 
Fountains,  and  hare  a  high  interest 
for  the  ardiEBOli^iat  A  slnall  sum  is 
paid  for  admission  to  the  ruins,  whicb 
the  visitor  is  then  left  to  examine  at 
his  leiaure.  The  greater  part  of  the 
remains  ia  Trans.-Norm.  The  Church, 
which  consists  of  a  long  nave,  vrith 
transepts,  and  a  very  short  choir,  is 
almost  throughout  Trans.-Norm.  The 
design  of  the  W.  front  is  unusual,  very 
pictui-eaqne,  and  should  be  specially 
noticed.  The  CloiUer  is  on  the  S. 
mde  of  the  nave,  and  forms  a 
le  of  143  fL  by  115  ft.    On 

hapUr-lumie, 
house,  N.W.  of  the  abbey,  is 
tached  to  a  private  residence. 

About  4  m.  Tt  of  the  Arthiitgtoa 
Slat,  m  m.)  on  the  H.  E.  line  of  Bly. 
is  Eareuiood,  castle,  ch.,  house,  and 
pork.  The  walk  is  pleasant  (there  is 
no  conveyance  to  be  had  at  the  station), 
with  the  winding  Wharfe  1,  Aiihing- 
ttm  HaU  (Rev.  Thos.  Sheepshanks) 
»nd  Park  are  passed  L    llie  main 


'DS.  2M 

road  winds  ronnd  the  wooded  hltl  on 
which  Harewood  Castle  stands;  but 
the  pedestrian  should  turn  off  by  the 
first  road  rt  after  passing  Arthington 
Ch.,asceadBswdoaUil],aQd  then  take 
the  first  fork  1.  to  tlie  village  or  Low 
Weardley,  and  tJieuce  to  an  entrance 
of  Harewood  Park,  through  which  he 
may  walk  to  the  viltugo  (where  the 
keys  of  the  ch.  are  kept ;  on  Thurs- 
days it  is  open).  The  ruined  Catlk 
sluids  on  high  ground,  on  the  slope  of 


E.  The  ruins  are  picturesque,  and 
the  towers  are  covered  with  ivy. 

Harewood  ClmTeh  slands  in  tlie  pork, 
about  {  m.  B.  of  the  village.  It  is 
Perp.,  and  possibly  the  work  of  the 
priory  of  Bolton. 

From  the  W.  door  of  the  ch.  there 
is  a  protty  new  of  Baremood  llaa*e 
(Earl  of  Harewood ;  open  on  Thiu«- 
aays).  The  interior  ia  stately,  with 
ceilings  by  Zucchi,  Bote,  and  Bdiecei  ; 
and  contains  a  few  good  pictures.  The 
GoEenj,  a  noble  apartment  77  ft  by 
24  ft.,  contains  a  collection  of  china 
valued  at  100,000i.  The  view  from  the 
terrace  is  very  fine,  and  the  gardens 
and  pleasure-grounds  are  exterksive 
and  very  beautifuL 

At  AM  (5  m.)  by  road  across  Wood- 
house  Moor,  is  a  Norm,  ch.,  well  known 
to  arcbieologists.  Jt  is  a  umall  build- 
ing, consisting  only  of  nave  and 
chanceL  The  most  striking  features 
of  the  ch.  are  the  S.  porch  and  the 
chancel  uch,  both  enriched  with  very' 
elaborate  Norm,  sculpture.  (The  pe- 
destrian may  walk  across  the  country 


is  Temple  Naeeam  (Mrs.  Meynell  In- 
gram). The  house  is  famous  for  its 
collection  of  pictures,  which  are  shown 
on  Tharidayt,  in  the  absence  of  tho 

The  existing  house  was  boilt  temp. 
Chas.  I.  It  U  of  brick,  with  stone 
coigns,  and  very  picturesque.  II 
contains  2  very  sMkmg  apartments — 
the  library ;  and  the  picture-gallery, 
where  are  some  jmportantpictnree. 

(The  rains  of  Thorpe  Hall,  2  m.  S. 


254 


LEEK— LEICESTER. 


□f  Temple  NewBom,  will  repa?  the 
visit  of  an  architectural  aatiqunrj.) 

A  drive  of  not  quite  a  mile  will 
bring  tho  vieitor  from  Temple  New- 
gam  to  the  village  of  Whitkirk,  the 
ch.  of  which  deseives  a  vuit. 

The  .  threat  mBimfBoturlog  towns, 
Bradford,  Halifax,  HnddeiaSeld,  and 
BamBlej,  are  reached  in  so  short  a 
time  by  rail,  that  a  long  da;  maj  be 
Bpent  iu  each  without  difSoiity. 

Leeds  Oabtle  (Kent),  see  MaidiUme, 

Iie«K  (Staff.)— Stat.,  N.  Staff. 
Bly. — (Jnn»;  Goorge ;  Bod  Lion ;  Eoe- 
buok)  IB  a  mBonfacturing  town,  with 
several  large  silk  mills.  The  Ch. 
(restored  by  Street)  is  Dec.,  and  w- 
markable  for  its  fine  tower  and  su- 
perb rase  window  in  the  N.  aisle.  Bee 
in  the  ch.-yard  a,  curious  monument 
to  WilliBin  Trafford,  1697;  also  a 
carved  Danish  pillar,  10  ft.  high. 
The  view  from  the  ch.-jard,  looking 
N.  over  the  Boiiches,  is  exceediugl; 
bcsutiful. 

ExeurtiotK. — 1}  m.  N,  to  DUa- 
lacresge  Abbey,  fonnded  1214,  for 
CiBlereian  monks,  and  delightfully 
situated.  The  fairohouse,  with  which 
the  rains  are  incorporated,  is  a  good 
specimen  of  a  timbered  building,  and 
many  portions  of  the  old  abbey  lie 
scattered  about.  Eadyard  (Stat.),  2 
m.,  is  a  pleasant  resort,  on  account 
of  the  picturesque  reservoir,  Eadyard 
Lake. 

relcester  (Leic.)— Stat.,  Midi. 
Elv.  Inns.-  BeU;  WeUiogton.  Pop. 
112.000.  Poat-ofBoe,  Granby-street 
■~is  the  county  town,  and  the  head- 
quarters of  tlie  hosiery  trade,  and 
contains   much    that    ""    "'^ "~  " 


of  the  Roman  town  of  Rata.  The 
Jewry  WaR  (adjoining  St.  Hi^iolat 
Ch.),  so  called,  because  In  the  middle 
ages  it  was  in  the  Jews'  quartei, 
is  a  specimen  of  Boman  brick  and 
stone  masonry,  25  yards  long  and 
5  feet  high.  It  formed  port  of  the 
town  wall,  whose  parapet  was  sup- 
ported by  arches  on  the  inside.  Other 
interesting  Boman  remains  may  be 
seen  in  the  ifuwum  (open  daily,  ex- 
cept Friday),  in  the  New  Walk,  a  plea- 


sant shady  promenade,  S.E.  of  the 
town,  which  conlains  a  Bomau  mile- 
stone, mosaic  pavements,  waterpipes, 
Ac,  with  fossils  from  the  liaa  of  Bar- 
row-on-Soar.  Tho  speciality  of  I«i- 
cester  are  the  hosiery  warehoases, 
which  are  very  extensive,  and  the  elas- 
tio  web  manufactories ;  it  being  the 
headquarters  of  the  stocking  and  the 
boot  trades.  In  UorsefUr-street,  the 
new  and  handsome  municipal  build- 
ings have  been  erected.  Bt.  Sick<^a»' 
Ch,,  St  Nicholas'-sqaare,  is  partly 
built  with  materials  from  the  walL 
It  is  the  oldest  church  in  Leicester, 
and  the  windows  are  faced  with 
Boman  bricks.  St.  Xartfa  Ch.  (close 
to  the  Castle,  of  which  it  was  the 
chapei)  is  very  fine,  containing  Norm. 
work  in  N.  porch,  in  the  clerestories, 
and  chancel,  while  the  remainder  is 
mostly  E.  E.  The  Ca^U,  once  a 
stronj-hold  of  Simon  do  Montfort,  Earl 
of  Leicester,  but  now  used  for  county 
business,  only  contains  a  portion  of  the 
Great  Hall  of  the  or^nal  buUding. 
There  is  a  singular  earthwork  adjoin- 
ing, called  the  3founf;  and  the  enclosed 
space  added  in  the  1 4th  cent,  by  tha 
Bail  of  Leicester  is  the  Neaarlu,  con- 
nected witlithe  castle  area  by  a  turret 
gateway,  and  entered  from  Oxford- 
street  by  another,  called  the  Nagaiine. 
It  is  now  the  site  of  the  Militia  and 
Volunteer  Barracks,  On  the  S.  side 
of  the  Newarke  is  a  portion  of  the 
original  town  wall,  and  on  the  N. 
side  is  Trinity  Hospital  (date  of  build- 
ing, George  IU.);  the  chapel  con- 
lains monument  of  Mary  de  Bohun, 
first  wife  of  Henry  IV.  St.  Martin'g 
Ch,  is  very  old,  though  much  altered. 
Wigeton'»  BotpiUU,  close  by,  is  of 
Elizabethan  date.  St.  Margarefs,  re- 
stored by  Scoll,  is  a  line  Ferp.  church 
with  an  embattled  tower  100  ft.  high  ; 
monument  to  John  Penny,  Bishop  of 
Carlisle,  1520. 

Old  Bbiweti.— (o)  Brick  Tmner,  of  3 
storeys,  in  High-street,  the  town  man- 
sion of  Henry,  Earl  of  Huntingdon 
(temp.  Elizabeth) ;  (6)  in  BedcrosB- 
street,  with  pargetting ;  (c)  the  Green 
Dragon,  in  the  Macket-plaoe ;  (i)  the 
Nag's  Heed,  at  the  end  of  the  Town 
Hall-iane    (17th  cent.).     The  Tovm 


LEICESTES~LEOMINBTEIt. 


255 


stained  glass,  of  date  of  Henrj  VII. 

Wallc«.—(a)  f  m,  N.  to  LeieeHer 
Abbey  (over  the  bridge),  founded  by 
Bob^  le  BoBsu,  Earl  of  Leicestei,  in 
1143,  and  where  Cardinal  Wolseydied 
in  1530.  The  gate  tbrongh  which  he 
entered  ia  still  risible  in  the  E.  wall ; 
bnt  the  ruins  are  only  the  fragments 
of  a  IGth-cent.  hoose.  Extend  the  walk 

1  m.  N.W.  to  see  the  fine  ayenue  of 
Beaumont  Leys.  (6)  TotheiJaicdi/fes, 
1}  m.  B.,  on  tlie  Ajleitone  road— old 
Soman  ramparts — which  perhaps  be- 
loi^ed  to  a  Roman  raoeconrse. 

Exeartione.  —  (a)  to  Vlvertetoft 
Priory,  7  m, — the  flnert  ©eclesiasticil 
rain  in  the  county—passing  through 
Grnby,  4  tn.,  NewUncn  Lia/ord,  5i  m., 
and  BradgaU  Park,  6  m,  (Eatl  of 
tstamford  and  Warrington).  The  last- 
named  ia  open  to  private  partiee 
throughoirt  the  yew;  lo  public  par- 
ties, irith  oarriages,  imly  on  Mondays 
and  Fridays,  in  the  sanuner.  GrKry 
has  an  old  mmwion,  with  a  curiouB 
barony  ball.  Lady  Jane  Grey  lived 
here.  Pass  GnAy  Pool,  L,  to  Nete- 
tovm  lAnford  (Inai :  Bradgate  Arms ; 
Stag's  Head).  Bradgale  Parh  is  very 
pietcresque.  Ascend  the  hill  called 
Old  Joha^a  fine  view.  The  house, 
arm  In  ruins,  was  the  birthplace 
and  early  residence  of  Lady  Jane 
Grey.  The  principal  remains  are 
two  towers  and  the  chapel,  which 
contains  the  monument  of  H.  Grey, 
Baron  Groby,  and  hia  wife.  See  the 
avenne  of  Spanish  chestnuts.    It  is 

2  m.  N.W.  (a  beautiful  walk)  to  Oi- 
veracrqff  Priory  (date  Henry  U.).  It 
is  of  Deo.  style,  with  a  high  tower  of 
60  feet  having  traces  of  t£ree  apart- 
ments intended  as  cells  for  recluses.  In 
the  Prior's  Hall  is  a  stone  pulpit,  and 
there  are  traces  of  a  chapter-hr- — 
and  cloister. 

Omnibuees  daily  to  Belgiave,  1 
Oadhy,  3  ro.  (see  Vi^iton),  and  BJlles- 
don,  H  m,  (see  Melton  Xowbray) ;  and 
on  Wednesdays  and  Saturday  to 
Market  Boswraih,  13  m.  (see  Minck- 
ley'),  and  Wtpnemuold,  14  m.  (see 
iMagKMroagh). 


DUtancee, — SysUm,  *i  m. ;  Belvoir 
CagOe  (see  also  £of  Wori),  via  Melt«n, 
27  m.:  Chamwood  Forest  (see  JtU)/), 
10  m;  Mount  Sorrel,  1  m. ;  Bosworth 
Field  (see  Sinckley),  14  m.;  Lnlter- 
VJorOi,  la  IQ. ;  BaTd<m  Bill,  10  m.; 
A>hby,  18  m. 

J^elrll  (Lancaah.)— Stat.,  L.  £ 
N.W.  Ely.  (Kenyon  Branch)  (inn: 
White  Horse) — is  a  thriving  village. 
It  contains  a  rather  fine  old  Church,ot 
Tudor  date.  Old  Eoaies.—(a)  SAu^ 
tUworth  and  (b)  Sopeear  jBoUa,  1  n. 
8.E.,  the  lattOT  with  traces  of  moat ; 
(c)  Mm-ley")  HaU,  2i  m.  E.  on  bank  of 
the  Bridgwater  Canal,  the  old  seat 
of  the  Leylands,  1536. 

Lkiqh  Delahgbe,  see  Chippenham. 

liOlc-hton  BuKXftrd 
■Beds.).  Stat.,  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.  Jnn  : 
Swan.  This  is  an  old  country-town, 
which  has  received  fresh  life  since  the 


.  A  branch  line  runs  (time  15 
J  to  DuntlaMe.  The  Church  is 
large  and  fine.  The  tower  and  spire 
are  E.  E.,  and  very  good.  The  open 
T«ofs  are  fine  throughout. 

The  Market  Crou  (built  oiro.  1300) 
stands  at  a  junction  of  streets,  and  has 
been  restored.  The  streets  have  some 
good  old  houses  of  red  brick,  and  some 
picturesque  gables.  SiewMey,  with  its 
fine  Norm.  Charch,  is  5}  m.  distant. 

3}  m.  S.  of  Leighton,  and  1  m.  N. 
of  Cheddington  June,  is  Menfmore 
(the  Countess  of  Bosebery),  a  resid- 
ence of  the  late  Baron  Meyer  de 
Bothscliild.  In  it  is  a  fine  collection 
of  paintings,  drawings,  miniatures, 
enamels,  ivories,  crystals,  porcelaine 
(Sevres),  tapestries,  and  other  artidet 
de  vortu.  Notice  also  in  Hall,  marble 
chimney-piece,  from  house  of,  and 
designed  by,  Mubem.    Write  for  per- 

LmaH  Woods,  see  SrieM. 

LBurrwABDmE,  see  LitdUnit. 

Leietoh,  see  Aldborough. 

Leith  Hill,  see  Dorking. 

IieomillHter  (Herefordshire). 
Stat.,  Shrewsbury  and  Hereford  Rly. 
Jnna .-  Boyal  Oak ;  King's  Arms. 
This  was  a  place  of  note  under  the 
Heptarchy,  a  monastery  being  founded 


250 


LEOMINSTEH— LEWES. 


here  in  the  7th  cent.,  wliicb  nas  da- 
stcoyedlD  theDsniBli  irars.  Id  1125, 
Henry  I.  establiebed  a  cell  fot  Bene- 
dit^tiuea.  The  Prion/  now  forms  part 
of  the  union  voikhouse. 

The  old  Stater  Croa,  erected  1633, 
by  John  Abel,  haa  been  removed  from 
ite  otigiaal  dte,  aud  re-erected  in  the 
iQeadow  called  tbe  Grange,  a  plea- 
ssnt  promenade  ground. 

The  spacious  Chureh,  enlarged  at 
different  perioda,  and  restored  1866, 
under  Sir  G.  Q.  SeoU,  contniuB  por- 
tions of  every  style,  and  is  united  on 
the  N.  side  to  a  more  ancient  church, 
of  plain  yet  good  Norm. 

1}  m.  ia  Iviw/lon  Camp,  a  British 
post,  divided  by  a  aubseqnent  work. 
There  is  capital  ^ayling  and  trout 
fishing  in  the  Lugg  and  Arrow 
Btreama  (day  and  season  tjckota 
granted  to  visitiira  to  Royal  Oak 
Hotel).    Good  sport  may  alsn  '     '     ' 


of  Royal  Oak  Hotel. 

LEomNnTB  (Sussex),  see  Little- 
hamphm. 

Leohard  Stanley,  see  Froeeiler, 

Lesnbsb  Abbky,  see  Eriih. 

Letebimqton,  aee  Wiebeaek. 

T.eweH  (Busaex),  Stat.,  L.  B. 
&  8.  C.  Ely.  Jntw;  Star  (cbserve 
grand  old  sCatrcoie  of  curved  oak) ; 
White  Hart;  Bear;  Crown.  ThU  is 
one  of  the  most  pictoresquely-Biluated 
towns  in  the  S.  of  England,  and 
oovera  the  aide  of  a  steep  hiU  in  the 
very  heart  of  the  South  Downs,  and 
at  a  point  where  Uie  sunouiiding 
heights  are  unusually  striking  and 
elevated.  The  views  from  the  castle 
and  trom  the  neighbouring  hills  will 
give  the  best  notion  of  its  position. 

The  Caiille,  which  lowers  grandly 
above  the  toKu  in  all  distant  views,  is 
approached  from  the  High-street  by  a 
timting  called  Castle-gate,  between 
the  County  Hall  and  Bt.  Michael's 
Church.  The  Gatehouse  1b  early 
EdwEudian,  and  the  original  Norman 
gateway  remains  close  within.  At 
Ettoh  extremity  of  the  enclosure  with- 
in the  outer  wall  is  an  artificial 
mound,  giving  Lewes  Castle  the  very 
unuauiJ    pecnliiirity   of    two   keeps. 


The  apace  between  the  centres  of  the 
two  mounds  measures  nearly  SOU  feet. 
One  of  these  is  occupied  by  the  re- 
mains of  the  existing  keep,  whioli  ia 
reached  by  a  winding  accent  close 
within  the  gatehouse.  Of  its  foar 
oolagonal  towers  only  two  remain. 
They  can  only  be  visited  by  alrangerB 
on  payment  of  a  sixpenny  fee,  since 
the  principal  tower  is  rented  by  the 
Sussex  Arehteological  Society,  whose 
museum  is  arranged  in  its  leveral 
storeys,  Tbe  view  from  tbe  leada  of 
the  tower  is  very  striking.  On  the 
other  mound  there  are  traces  of 
foundatioos,  which  prove  that  it  was 
once  crowned  by  a  aimilac  mass  of 
towers. 

At  tbe  fool  of  the  bill  are  tbe 
scanly  remains  of  the  venerable  Priory 
of  St.  Paneran.  It  was  oripnalty 
large  and  stately,  and  occupied  by 
the  first  Cluoioc  monks  eatablislied 
in  England ;  tickets  In  view  may  be 
had  at  the  PoslKitllce,  Southover. 
Porhnpa  the  most  interesting  fragment 
is  the  so-called  "Lantern,"  standing 
further  back  than  the  great  masa  or 
the  rains,  in  tlie  garden  of  tbe  pro- 

Srietor.  It  is  a  round  building,  un- 
ergrouod,  quite  dark,  and  entered 
through  a  nanpw  passage  of  some 
length,  troth  what  was  originally  a 
vaidted  crypt  (now  covered  by  the 
railway).  It  was  probably  the  prison 
of  the  monastery. 
Frooi  tlie  Priory,  Uie  visitor  should 

E recced  to  Sottthover  Ckurch,  close 
9youd.  Part  of  the  nave  erdies  are 
early  Norm.  The  chancel  is  Ferp.. 
and  originally  extended  much  &rtheT 
E.  A  bitle  Norm,  chapel  was  erected 
by  subscnption  in  1S4T,  to  contain  the 
bones  of  William  Earl  of  Warrene  and 
Gundrada  his  wife,  the  buUders  of 
Lowes  Castle  and  founders  of  tbe 
Priory,  whose  cof&ns  and  remains 
were  discovered  in  excavating  for  the 
railway,  which  passes  directly  over 
the  site  of  the  great  ohnrch  of  the 

Of  the  remaining  Ckurdif  in  Lewes, 
the  most  interesting  are  St  Jnne's,  at 
the  top  of  the  hill,  W.,  very  good 
Trans.-Nonn.,  with  an  early  font;  and 
St  Miehaeli,  near  the  projecting  clocb 


LSWES-LICHFIELD. 


SSU 


in  the  Hich-sbeet,  with  ft  low  cinnlar 

tover  and  ^ire. 

The  E.  part  of  the  town  ia  adorned 
by  a  baudaome  building,  designed  by 
Sir  G.  O.  Scott,  and  named  t£e  Filt- 
Toy  Memorial  I/Brrary.  It  was  erected 
by  Ibe  widow  of  tho  Hon.  Heniy  Fitz- 
toj,  and  conlaina  what  is  piacticsll;  a 
free  libraiy.  In  the  loed  opposite  u 
the  Schod  of  AH. 

Some  pleasant  nallca  may  be  taken 
over  the  downs,  which  environ  Lewes 
on  all  sides  but  the  S.  A  fine  view  is 
obtained  from  Ciije  Hill,  and  tiie  town 
ma^  be  regained  through  the  Coombe, 
whioh  opens  at  the  furtber  end, — 
one  of  uiosa  deep  hollows  occurring 
tbnn^boDt  the  (£a1k  districts.  Some 
good  viewa  of  the  town  may  be  ob- 
toined  on  the  road  to  Mailing. 

Prom  Cliffe  Hill  a  wiilk  may  bo 
taken  to  JUounf  Cdbwm,  about  2 
8.£.  from  Lewes,  where  a  Email 
trencbment,  probably  British,  occupies 
the  blow  of  a  bill  overhanging  the 
MBS  through  which  the  railway  winds. 
Tbe  view,  which  is  grand  and  taried 
the  whole  wajr  from  Cliffe  Hill,  at^ 
tains  its  finest  point  at  the  Mount — 
Peveneey  Cartle  and  Battle  Abbey  are 
within  dgbt. 

The  small  Dec  Ch.  of  Kingiton, 
about  2  m.  8.W.  from  SouQiover,  is 
worth  a  visit,  for  the  sake  of  its  posi- 
tion. BvxaAorough,  an  old  &rmhouBO, 
1.,  has  conaiderable  remaiua  of  early 
architecture.  The  return  may  be  made 
tluougli  Iford,  1  m.  8.E,,  whore  ia  an 
interesting  Norm.  Gh.  The  most  in- 
terestli^  walk,  however,  from  Lewes, 
ia  that  to  Moimt  Sarry,  the  scene  of 
the  defeat  of  Hen.  lU.  by  Earl  Simon, 
14  May,  1264.  ITie  road  turns  off 
on  the  downs  a  short  dislonce  be- 
yond fit  Anne's  Church,  and  climbs 
to  a  windmill,  then  crossing  the  lace- 
course,  Mount  Horry  is  reached,  the 
enmDiit  of  which,  called  Blaek  Gap 
(about  3  m.  W.  from  the  town),  is 
crested  by  a  stunted  plantation.  The 
views  of  the  S,  Downs  and  of  the 
Gabum  cluatet  are  full  of  variety  and 
beauty,  as  are  those  toward  Lewes 
Castle  and  town,  with  the  ooombes 
beyond.  From  Mount  Hatiy,  the  hill 
may  be  descended  on  the  N.  aide,  and  | 


the  rntom  to  Lewes  made  b;  the  old 
London  road. 

Longer  excursions  may  be  made  into 
the  weald  country  N.  of  Lewee.  FUlch- 
ing,  9  m..  may  bo  rtiacbod  by  the 
Newick  road,  and  the  tonrist  may 
proceed  to  UcMeld  (3  m.  8.E.),  re- 
turning to  Lewes  by  the  railway. 

The  Ch.  of  Fletehing  is  of  great 
interest.  In  Oie  S.  transept  is  a  very 
fine  brass  (circ  1380);  and  in  the 
mausoleum  of  tho  (Sheffield  family  (a 
continuation  of  the  N.  traoaept)  ia  in- 
terred Gibbon  the  biatorian.  ShtMfld 
Place  (Ear!  of  Sheffield)  is  i  m.  W., 
aud  contains  the  only  good  portrait  of 
Gibbon,  painted  by  Sir  Joshua  Itey- 
nolds.    The  park  is  ve^  tine. 

LaughbM,  6  m.  E.  of  Lewes,  deserves 
a  visit  for  the  sake  of  the  remwns  of 
the  old  house  of  the  Felbams ;  and  the 
Church  of  Cbiddiitgley  (8  m.  NJ!.  of 
I«nghton),  conspicuous  wilb  its  lofh 
alone  spire,  should  also  be  visited. 
Dulaneei  by  Bait — Br^hion,  i  hr. ; 
Newbaven,  J  hr. ;  Seaford,  25  min. 

Lbibdkn,  see  liorthallarttin. 

tejjan*  (Lancash.).  etat,  L. 
&  N.  W.  and  Lane  &  Yorks.  Elys. 
Jnn ;  Bailway.  The  Ck.  ia  worth  see- 
ing for  its  curious  aisles,  like  passages. 


In  the  chancel   i 


j  piscina,  seditiiL 


of  the  windows ;   also  monuments  to 


City  Slai.,  close  to  the  town ;  L.  &  N. 
W.  Bly,  (Trent  VaUey   BUlL).  1*  m. 
distant.      (Inns.-   George,   the   Bcene 
Faiqubar's  play,  'the  Beaux  Btra- 
;em,'  very  fair ;  Swan) — is  a  cathe- 
l1    town    of   great    interest,    aud 
1  in  aasociations  with  Dr.  Johnson, 
who  was  bom  here  1709.    The  bouse 
is  at  the  comer  of  the  Market-place, 
— "t  resting  on  three  vrooden  pillars. 
is   also   his   statue,  with    bas- 
reliefs  representing  scenes  in  his  life. 
His  tatber,  who  was  a  boohsellet  here, 
buried  in  St.  Micha^t  Ch.,  whioh  Is 
outside  the  town,  and  his  own  name 
appeals  in  the  baptismal  i^ister.   The 
chief  attraction  of  Lichfleldisof  contse 
the  Cailiedrai,  restored,  which,  Ibou^ 
small,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in 


258 


LICSFIELD--tIZLS8SAZL  ABSSY. 


England,  and  the  onljona  aanuonnted 
b;  three  spirea ;  the  dkta  of  the  present 
building  u  from  1128-53.  It  vaa 
formeily  surrounded  b;  iraJls  and  a 
moat ;  held  as  a  forttees,  and  beaieced 
during  the  Civil  Wars  in  1643.  when 
Lord  Btooke.  the  Puritan  leader,  was 
shot  &om  the  steeple  b7  a  deaf  and 
dumb  gentleniim,  onmed  Dyott,  aa- 
oeslor  of  Colonel  D.vott,  M.P..  of 
Freeford.  Ue  fell  in  Dam-gtreet  and 
tho  spot  ifl  marked  by  white  pebbles 
set  in  the  pavement,  and  hj  a  tablet 
over  the  doorway  of  a,  red-brick  house. 
The  Lady  Chapel  ia  the  Uteet  portion 
of  the  building.  Over  tho  great  door 
ia  a  figure  of  St  Chad,  flanktd  by 
24  statues  of  Kings  of  England.  Sur- 
mounting the  whole  ia  a  figure  of 
Charles  II.  Notice  the  mouldings 
and  the  statues  adorning  the  recessed 
doors,  aa  also  the  ironwork  witJi 
which  they  are  covered.  The  nave 
(Trans,  from  E.  E.  to  Dec)  is  of  8 
bays.  The  chief  points  are  the  tri- 
forium,  of  2  arches  in  each  hay,  and 
the  clerestory,  with  triangular  win- 
dows of  open  tracery  and  carved  aldea. 
Monumenii  in  nave  to  Addison's 
father  and  Lady  Mary  WorUey  Mon- 
tague, and  to  Anne  Seward,  with 
inscription  by  Walter  Scott;  in  tlie  S. 
aiale  to  a  priest,  and  braaa  to  an  Earl  of 
Ltctifleld ;  in  the  S.  transept  to  Bishop 
Smalbroke,  1749,  and  to  the  80th 
Begiment,  which  miffered  at  Sobraon 
(1846).  In  the  Library,  over  the 
Chapter-house,  are  busts  of  Johnson 
and  Qarrick.  The  choir  ia  the  per- 
fection of  a  Qothic  interior,  with  ita 
carved  capitaia  open  to  the  choir  aislee, 
low  stalls,  bishop's  tlirone,  and  pave- 
ment by  MinioH,  representing  the  early 
history  of  the  see.  Notice  the  exqui- 
site eitoiT  icreen,  in  hraaa,  designea  hy 
Scolt  and  the  work  of  SMdviOTe,  and 
the  reredoi  from  designs  by  Scoit. 
The  choir  ends  in  a  Dec.  apsidal  pres- 
bytery, of  great  beauty,  built  in  1325 
to  contain  the  t<hriji(i  of  St.  Chad. 
Seven  out  of  the  nine  windows  are 
filled  with  painted  glass,  dat«  1532, 
some  of  the  finest  in  Great  Britain, 
brought  from  the  convent  of  Hercten- 
rode,  near  Liege,  and  obtained  for 
Lichfleld   by   Sir   Broidte    Boothby. 


See  in  Ote  S.  choir  aiale  Chaatrej^i 
buDOOB  and  exquisite  monninent  of 
Mrs.  Bobinson'a  two  children;  the 
effigy  of  Bp.  Haefeet,  the  restorer  of 
the  Ch.  aRer  the  Civil  War ;  to  Aroh' 
deacon  Hodson,  with  alabaster  panels ; 
and  Major  Hodson,  killed  at  Lucknow. 
In  Uie  N.  choir  aisle  is  monument  to 
Bp,  Byder,  by  Chantres.  A  vestibule, 
lined  with  an  elegant  E.-E.  arcade, 
leads  out  of  this  aisle  to  the  Chapier^ 
hoaee,  one  of  the  most  lovely  bits  of 
Gothic  architecture  in  the  world;  an 
clongatM  odagon,  with  a  central  shaft, 
radiating  into  ribs  to  support  the  roof, 
Tlie  library  contains  many  tare  MSS., 
especially  those  of  St  Chad's  Gospel, 
720,  and  Cliaucer'a '  Canterbury  Tales.' 
The  total  length  of  the  cathedral  is 
375  it.;  height,  05  ft.;  of  spire,  258 
ft.  St.  ilary'i  Ch.,  in  Market-place, 
1721,  has  good  monumenla;  one  to  Sir 
Bd.  Dyott  St.  John'»  Soipilal,  in  St 
John's-Btreet,  1495,  is  a  curious  speci- 
men of  domestic  architecture,  with  S 
buttress-like  chimneys.  At  the  end 
of  SItnee  Pool,  a.  fine  sheet  of  water, 
utilised  for  the  South  Staffordshire 
Waterworks,  is  St.  Gha^t  C/i.,  a  fine 
Dec.  building  (restored),  where  St 
Chad  waa  originally  buried.  Montt- 
ment  to  Lucy  Porter,  Johnson's  slep- 
danghter.  There  is  a  fine  view  from 
the  porch  of  the  cathedraL  Addison, 
Qarrick,  Bp.  Newton,  Johnson,  and 
other  celebrities,  were  pupila  of  the 
QrammaT  School,  rebuilt  in  Tudor 
style,  in  1850. 

EiicwiioHe, — To    Borrowcop    Eill, 
1  m.  P"     -  = '—    -   -     '■   ■■ 


Ch.,  4  m,,  coDlahis  stained  § 
Orleans.    Beaadeiert  (see  Anailagt}, 

LiDFORD,  see  Dartmoor. 

LiPTON,  see  Dartmoor. 

I.illesliall  Abbey  (Sabp), 
2}  m.  a  of  Donnington  Stat,,  Shrop. 
Union  Bly.,  was  founded  in  1145  fiir 
Aug.  Canons  by  the  femily  of  Balmhs ; 
some  interesting  rums  are  left.  Tho 
E.  window  is  Deo,  and  the  W,  tower 
Ferp.  Tbero  is  a  splendid  Norm, 
doorway,  and  portions  of  the  refectory 


and  Abbot's  house.  The  HtUt  la  & 
seat  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  and 
has  pretty  terrace  gardens. 

l.lncolii  (Line),  2  etats.,  at  8. 
end  of  High-Btreet :  (a)  a.  N.  Ely., 
130  m.  from  Kiug'e-cioes,  also  Stat, 
for  MonoheBter,  Sheffield,  BJidLincolu- 
shlre  Ely, ;  (6)  MidL  Ely.,  ISTJ  m. 
from  St.  Pancraa,  -via  Trent.  5  fines 
of  railway  radiate  from  the  oity— (1) 
N.,  to  Market  Raaen  (15  m.)  and  Hull 
(42  m.);  (3)  N,W.,  to  KetCord,  Gains- 
borough (18  iQ.),  and  Doncastw;  (3) 
8.W.,  to  Newark  and  Nottinshara 
(4)  S.,  to  Grantham  (25  m.)  ;  (5)  S.E.. 
toBardney  (10  m.),  HomcasUe(21  m.% 
and  Boston  (Si  m.).  Inm :  Great 
Northern  Station  Hotel,  well  managed, 
but  unpleasantly  close  to  the  railway  ; 
Albion,  close  to  the  G,  N,  and  Midi. 
Stats. ;  While  Hart,  near  the  Cathe- 
dral; Saracen's  Head,  High-street. 
PoetHiffice  in  Guildhall -street.  The 
city  (the  ancient  Lindmn,  and  oni 
of  the  9  Coloniffi — hence  "Lincoln") 
oocnpies  a  grand  site  on  a  lofty  ridge 
of  the  lias  capped  by  oolite,  over  looking 
the  fens  and  vale  of  the  WitJutm, 
which  is  navigable  hence  to  Boston. 
The  more  modem  part  of  the  city 
eitends  down  the  slope  of  the  bill, 
and  beyond  it  to  the  river,  where  are 
extensive  factories  for  agricultural 
implements.  Here  the  Bradford  Pool, 
crowded  with  vessels  and  lined  with 
warehouses,  receives  the  Witham  and 
Fosse  Dyke  Canal,  the  latter  dug  by 
the  Romans  to  join  the  Witham  to  the 
Trent.  A  most  striking  view  of  the 
tipper  put  of  the  raty  is  obtained 
from  this  Pool.  The  noble  Cnttedi-ai, 
the  first  objeot  of  interest,  crowns 
Ste^  BiH.  It  was  fomided,  ci  ' 
1075,  by  Bp.  Hemigius  of  Fecamp, 
whom  William  the  Conqueror  had 
conferred  the  see  of  Dorchester.  It  is 
distinguished  by  3  towers  and  2  tran- 
septs, and  is  certainly  one  of  the 
finest  in  England,  both  in  outline  and 
in  intomal  propcoiions.  On  the  way 
to  it,  and  below  the  hill,  is  iStoneboio, 
a  Gothic  gateway  of  Tudor  ages,  across 
High-street,  which  serves  as  the  Guild- 
h^  and  in  which  are  the  city  re- 
galia, some  ancient  chests,  and  por- 
traits worth  inspection,    Beyond,  and 


at  the  foot  of  Sleep  MiU,  is  the  Jivn' 
Houie,  a  fine  specimen  of  Norman 
domestto  architecture  (12th  cent.). 
The  locality  was  occupied  by  the  Jews 
in  the  middle  ages,  and  the  origin  of 
the  natiie  of  the  building  may  be  con- 
nected with  the  legend  of  tiie  child 
Hugh,  said  to  have  been  murdered 
here  by  the  Jews  in  the  13th  cent. 
His  shrine  wss  in  the  S,  aisle  of  the 
choir,  and  a  bit  of  the  canopy  work  of 
it  has  been  discovered  and  placed 
near  the  spot.  The  oldest  part  <k  the 
cathedral  is  the  centre  of  the  W.  itoxA 
(1075).  The  gateway  facing  this, 
and  forming  the  chief  entrance  to  the 
Close,  or  Minatot-yard,  is  the  Ei- 
cheqwir  Oate,  a  noble  (q)ecimen  of  the 
time  of  Edw.  III.  The  aroading,  and 
the  lower  part  of  the  2  W.  towers  and 
central  doorway,  are  also  Norm.,  1140- 
43.  The  E.  transept,  the  choir,  and 
most  of  the  interior,  except  the  nave, 
with  the  N.  and  S.  chapels  (circa 
1220)  and  the  Presbytery  (circa  1256X 
are  the  work  of  Bp.  Hugh  of  Avalon, 
who  rebuilt  the  ch.  after  ito  destmction 
by  an  earthquake,  11S6-1200,  in  the 
best  E.-E.  stylo.  The  upper  port  of 
the  W,  front,  and  the  N.  and  S.  wings, 
in  the  best  E.-E.  stvle,  also  the 
Chapter-house,  were  added  1225.  The 
Presbytery,  with  the  S.  potoh ;  the 
N.,  8.,  and  E.  screens  of  the  choir; 
the  oloistera  and  passage;  and  the 
upper  part  of  the  central  tower,  be- 
long to  the  Geometrical  period  (1245- 
1315).  Four  massive  piers,  composed 
of  21  shafts,  support  the  central  tower, 
in  which  is  hung  Great  Tom,  tbe 
celebrated  bell,  recast  in  1835,  and 
weighing  5  tons  8  cwt.  Observe  in  the 
N.  transept  the  rose-window  of  plate- 
tracery,  retaining  its  original  stoined 
glass  of  the  13th  cent,,  which  has, 
nowerer,  been  a  good  deal  transposed 
in  the  window ;  and  in  the  S.  tran- 
sept the  eiLquiaito  Dec.  rose-window 
(1350).  Five  bays  of  the  choir,  in- 
cluding the  E.  transept,  are  Bp. 
Hugh's  work ;  the  wood  stalls  veiy 
perfect  and  of  good  design.  Observe 
on  the  N,  side  a  rich  Dec  tomb  and 
Eastor  sepulchre  —2  beautiful  canopies 
— and  on  the  opposite  side  the  tomb 
of  Katherine  Swynford,  wife  of  John 


260  LI 

of  Gsimt.  There  ate  few  things 
the  cathedral  more  reioaikable  than 
the  Tsnlting  of  Hugh's  choir.  It ' 
been  eugeeeted  that  the  stone  vb 
was  added  nftet  the  wooden  roof  had 
been  put  on.  At  the  E,  transept 
begioB  the  Angel  Clioir  (trora  the 
angels  carved  in  the  spandrels  of  the 
Arches),  a  perFect  specimen  of  the  Dec. 
Btjle  of  Gothic  (12fl2).  The  beauty 
of  the  K  end  ia  unrivalled.  Tlie 
addition  of  the  Pmbjlery,  or  Angel 
Choir,  was  made  to  accommodate  Uie 
host  of  pilgrimB  who  flocked  to  the 
Bhriae  of  St.  Hngh,  which  stood  in 
this  part  of  the  building.  From  the 
fi.E.  transept  foa  emerge  into  the 
Ctoiitere  (1295),  which  contain  a  Ito- 
man  pavement,  and  thence  to  the 
Chapler-hoaae  (1252),  a  decagon  of 
E.K,withlBteraddit:ona.  Ohservethe 
originBl  (sloping)  floor, and  the  socket 
for  the  processional  otOBS;  also  the 
centnl  pillar  and  vanltiug.  The  N. 
Bide  of  the  cloiater  consists  of  an  ar- 
cade, supporting  the  Cathedral  Li- 
brary, in  which  are  many  curious  and 
Taluable  books,  and  a  perfect  copy  of 
the  Great  Charter.  The  W.  towers 
may  be  ascended  for  the  sake  oF  the 
view,  and  lo  sea  "  the  stone  beam,"  or 
bridge,  the  moat  ingenious  piece  of 
work  in  the  whole  cathedral.  The 
bridge  is  a  nearly  Sat  arch,  stretching 
between  the  2  towers  over  the  nave, 
composed  of  22  stones,  1 1  inches  thick. 
It  vihrates  sensiblv  as  yon  step  apon 
it.  In  the  chapel  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  nave  observe  the  wonderful  cen- 
tral shaft.  The  gnadNom./oni  of 
Bemigins  now  stands  in  the  nave. 
The  visilor  shonld  bv  all  raeana  walk 
ronud  the  outside  of  tlie  cathedral,  and 
observe  the  QaiUea  Porch,  leading  into 
the  8.  transept,  and  the  B.K  ponb  of 
eutnnce  into  the  Presbytery,  several 
of  tlie  side  chapels,  and  the  fine  com- 
position of  the  £.  end.  Of  the  3  door- 
ways in  the  W.  fiont,  the  northern- 
most is  the  most  beantiful.  Notice 
especially  the  sculptured  capitals  on 
the  rE.  BJile  of  it.  Over  the  S.  porch 
is  a  representation  of  the  Day  of 
Judgment  in  bold  relief.  The  lover 
of  ecclesiastical  arcbitectm-o  will  ad- 
tuirs  the  maivelloosly  iutei^tiiig  con- 


meet.  Every  portion  of  the  history  of 
English  architectiue  is  illuBtrated  in 
this  magniflcent  csthedial;  and  ia 
order  to  see  the  diJ&rent  parts  in  the 
order  of  their  construotion,  the  visitor 
should  inspect— (a)  W.  Front  (1075- 
1190):  (&)  E.  and  Central  Transepts, 
Choir,  Nave  (with  N.  and  S.  chapels), 
Chapter-Iiouse  (1190-1245);  (o)  Pree- 
bytery,  Easter  Sepnlohre,  CloistCTs, 
Central  Tower,  upper  part  (1215-1315) ; 
(d)  S.  Tranaep^  Screen  in  8.  aisle, 
monument  to  Bp.  Burghersh  in  the 
Preabytery(1315-1360):(OW.  towers 
and  w.  windows  of  the  Nave  and 
Aisles,  tonnament  of  Bp.  Fleming  in 
the  Chantry  on  the  N,  side  of  the  pres- 
bytery, soreenB  of  the  chapels  of  N. 
and  S.  Transepts  (1360-1500).  The 
dimensions  of  the  cathedral  are— in- 
terior length,  4S2  ft. ,-  great  transept, 
250  ft.  long,  66  ft  wide;  leseer  tran- 
sept, 170  ft  long,  44  ft.  wide ;  2  W. 
towers,  ISO  ft.,  and  central  tower, 
260  ft.,  high;  width  of  W.  fiont, 
174  ft.  Jnst  below  the  cathedral,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  hill,  are  the  stately 
rains  of  the  BuJu/p't  Foface  (the  Aln- 
wick t«wer  recently  restored)  and 
gardens.  Vicar's  College,  and  Canle- 
lupe  Chantry.  [The  new  palace  is  at 
Biseholme,  1 J  m.  above  &e  cathedral.] 
Ascend  the  rains  (parts  of  the  Great 
HaU  of  Bp.  Hughi  now  covered  with 
ivy  and  shrubs,  for  the  sake  of  the 
glorious  view  of  the  Slinster.  On  the 
N.  side  of  the  road  from  York  the 
ancient  Ennine-street  enters  the  oi^ 
throngh  a  Boman  gateway  of  2  anihes, 
callecT  the  NeapoH,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  best-preserved  bits  of  Bomou  ma- 
soni7  in  Britain.  On  eitlier  side  of  it 
mav  be  seen  fragments  of  the  Bomsu 
wall  called  the  aita  WaU.  Near  the 
aE.  oomer  of  this  area  William  the 
Congooror  built  (1068)  his  CadU  (now 
the  jail  and  county  and  asaiie  conitsX 
with  keep  tower,  and  grand  Ncam. 
atcb.  The  castle-gatc  faces  the  ca- 
ttiedral.  Just  within  it  is  a  very 
beautiful  oriel  window,  removed  from 
John  of  Oannei  Eotue,  opposite  John 
of  Counft  Blablet  (Norm.),  situated 
on  the  £.  side  of  High-street,  in  the 


LmCOLtf—LISKBASD. 


261 


lower  partof  the  city,  near  the  railway 
Btatioii.  In  the  ground  occupied  by 
the  Training  College  Tor  ScEoolmis- 
treeses  (Rev.  Hectoc  Nelaou,  Fiia- 
cipal),  aituBted  a  ehort  distance  above 
tne  Newport  gateway,  are  venr  clear 
traoee  of  the  British  fortlncation, 
probably  the  defence  of  the  Eoman 
paHuraget.  The  most  open  to  the 
public  eye  of  the  remains  of  the  Bo- 
inan  wall  is  a  bit  on  the  N.  face  E.  of 
the  Boman  arch,  and  running  into  it, 
A  little  to  the  E.  of  that  fragment 
yon  come  to  the  N.G.  oonier  of  the 
Bomau  defences,  now  occupied  hv  a 
aununer-house  in  the  garden  of  Arthoi 
Ttoliope,  Esq.  This  gurden  is  the 
old  Boman  fosse,  and  eihihita  the 
defences  well.  In  it,  too,  may  be  seen 
how  the  fosse  cut  right  across  the 
oathedial  at  the  intersection  of  the 
eaatemmost  transepts.  The  Norm. 
cathedral  was  well  witMn  the  Itonmn 
defeucee.  The  visitor  ehonid  remark 
a  lilh-ixni.  bridge  in  the  High-street 
over  the  Withiun.  a  bvourite  object 
with  local  artists.  In  the  Homan 
Calhdlie  Chapd  in  BOver-sticet,  built 
1799,  there  la  a  fine  painting,  "  The 
taking  down  from  the  Cross,"  brought 
over  bj  the  English  nuns  from  Qrave- 
linee.  The  JHuieum.  in  the  Meohanics' 
Institute,  over  the  Butter-market,  con- 
tains a  large  library,  natural  history 
specimens,  and  a  coUectiau  of  local 
antiqaitieB. 

Of  the  ChuTchei,  St  Beittdict  (dia- 
nsed),  High-btreet,  and  Si,  Mary-le- 
Wigford  (restored),  near  G.  N.  Rly. 
Stat.,  contain  Norm,  work,  and  are 
worth  visiting.  At  the  S.W.  oomei 
of  the  ob.-yd.  is  St.  Man/'a  Ckmdail,  a 
pictuiemnelate  Oothio  structure.  The 
railway  from  Lincoln  to  Botlon  paases, 
at  22  m.,  TaOerthall,  where  are  the 
remains  of  the  castle  of  the  Lord  Trea- 
surer Cromwell  (built  circa  1410), 
Biatlng  of  a  mflSBive  square  tower— a 
luagniflcent  specimen  of  old  brick' 
work.  Adjoiaine  it  is  a  grand  ciost 
church,  once  coUegiate,  a  beautiful 
structure.  In  it  are  soma  of  the  old 
brasses.  The  Ch.  at  Scriveltb]/,  7  m. 
}i,  of  Tattershall,  hcs  some  fine  monu- 
roeuts  to  the  Djmoke  family.  About 
inidwajr  betweeit  Linodn  and  Qaiaa- 


borongh  is  Harton  BtaL,  2  m.  torn 
which  it  Uie  very  remarkable  ch.  at 
SUyw,  containing  portions  of  the  an- 
cient Baion  cathedral  of  Lindisse. 
From  the  Navenby  Stat.  (20  min. 
from  Lincoln,  O.  N.  Rly.,  Urantbam 
line)  are  two  interesting  bits  of  min, 
both  within  an  easy  walk  and  both 
with  their  historical  associations — (a) 
Temple  Bmar,  where  a  solitary  tower 
marks  the  site  of  the  Fioceptory  and 
circular  Ch.  of  the  Templars :  and  (b) 
Smnerfon  Caitle,  for  some  time  the 
residence  of  King  John  of  Franoe, 
temp.  Edw.  III. 

Between  Botbm  and  Lynn  is  a  line 
splendid  churches  (see  Hotfon). 
LiNDSET,  see  Hadleigk. 
K-inler   (Salop)— Stat.,    SoTem 
Valley  Rly..  4  m.  from  STidgnorlk—ia 
on  the  rt.  bank  of  the  Severn,  across 
which  there  is  a  terry  to  AjiUy  Park 
(W.  Forster,  Esq.),     From  the  Ter- 
is  a  superb  view,  extending  over 
I.    The  ch.  (12lh  cent)  is  1  m.  1., 
and  is  worUi  visiting. 
LiMTOir,  see  Xaidilone. 
Zilskeard     (Cornwall),    Btst,, 
17J  m.  fioni  Plymouth:   also  S  m,  by 
trainfromSt.  GeTmanB(seePIym(iu(A). 
Jnn»:  Webb's H. ;  Bell;  Commercial. 
At  the  E.  end  of  the  town  is  the  site 
of  a  castle,  said  to  have  been  bnilt  by 
Richard,  King  of  the   Romans,  now 
laid  out  as  a  public  walk.   Excimioni. 
—Walk  to  Looe,  6  m.,  along  the  tow- 
ing-path of  the  canal,  which  begins 
at  Moonvxaer.  Ij  m.  W.     The  first  ob- 
ject of  interest  is  the  FeH  of  St.  Keyne, 
£  m.  E.  of  St.  Keyni^t  Ch.  (Dec.  and 
Perp.X  2}   m.  from  Liakeard.    This 


mystical  well  is  the  subject  of  a  well- 
"   llad  by  Bouthey.    Beyond, 
DtJoe-Dr.   Scott  (Liddell 


and  Scott)  revised  here,  when  rector, 
the  sheets  of  his  'Lexicon' — are  the 
remains  ot  an  ancient  circle,  now  in 
mutilated  condition.  The  rc- 
of  the  walk,  passing  the 
village  01  SandploM,  where  the  sceneiy 
deserves  particular  notice  is  through 
a  lovely  valley,  which,  about  2  ra. 
above  Looe,  expands  into  a  fine  es- 
tuary, dividing  the  old-fashioned  fish- 
ing-town into  E.  and  W.  Looe  (Jniis  .- 
Ship;   Swan).     An   ancient    pridge 


LISKEABD—LITTLEEAMPTON. 


Suae  Uie  egtnary.  Id  the  porch  of 
B  Town  Hall  at  E.  Looe  are  (he 
remaJQH  of  the  pillory  —  one  of  the 
very  few  in  England, 

Di>lightfill  ErcarmoTts  may  bo  made 
in  the  neighbonihood :— (a)  To  the 
Inlet  of  Trelaume  SliU,  eaeify  eccom- 
pliahed  in  a  boat,  opening  "E„^  ^^^ 
visitor  charming  scenery.  The  rt. 
bank  belonga  to  Trdawne  (Sir  J.  S. 
Tiolawny,  Bl.),  an  antiont  seat  of  the 
family.  It  contnios  many  valuable 
pictures.  (6)  To  Foiney  (aeo  Si.  Au»- 
tdl^,  7  m.,  passing,  2  m.,  ToMrd,  in 
a  little  bay  closely  invested  by  bills. 
E.  of  the  ch.  is  the  old  manot-hoaso 
of  Killigarth,  having  Greek  and  Latin 
inscriptions  on  tho  exterior,  and  a 
curious  vaulted  ceiling  in  what  is 
now  a  bedroom  ou  the  2nd  floor.  A 
charming  path  along  tho  clt£  leads 
to,  1}  m.,  Folperro,  an  ancient  and 
eminently  romnntlo  fiahiiig-villitge. 
pThe  visitor  should  consult  a  very 
pleasant  '  History  of  Polpetro,'  by 
Jonathan  Couch.]  The  rocks  and 
beach  are  of  great  interest  to  the 
geologist.  The  road  leads  now  through 
a  deep  ravine  to  high  ground,  and  to 
tho  churches  of  Lamalios,  and,  a  little 
beyond,  Lantajlog.  thenco  deBcending 
to  Fowey  Harbour  at  BodinnicJc  Ferry, 
2  m.  N.  of  Liakeard  is  St.  Clee.r,  or 
St.  Clara.  The  Ch.  tower  is  97  ft. 
high,  and  on  the  N.  side  of  the  ch.  is 
a  Norm,  doorway,  with  zigzag  mould- 
ings. The  remains  of  Ae  well,  tlie 
baptistery  (destroyed  probably  temp. 
Hen,  VIII.),  and  nn  ancient  cross, 
form  a  group  about  100  yds.  below  the 
ch.  f  m.  S.S.W.  of  the  ch,  is  the 
"Other  Half  Stone,"  a  granite  me- 


-,   cromlech,  called  the  'Tre- 

vethy  Stone."  Proceeding  N.  from 
St.  Cleer,  the  tourist  will  pass  the 
Garadon  Copper  Minei,  Caradon  Hill 
(120S  ft.),  tlie  celebrated  Cheeiewring, 
a  romarkable  group  of  tabular  blocks 
of  granite  heapod  one  upon  another 
to  a  height  of  24  ft.,  the  stones  at  the 
hase  being  about  half  the  size  of 
those  they  support  "The  Hurlers," 
formerly  3  la^  intersectiog  circles, 
Bttvndlm.  8.  oCtheCheesewring.    In 


se  Rockdale. 
«  Faringdim. 
e  Croeby. 
see  FeUtead. 
e  Dunmow,  Great. 


the  Deighbonrhood  are  several  rocky 
Tori!  Sharpitor  (1200  ft.),  immedi- 
ately N.  of  the  Cheeaewring,  and,  ft 
little  further  N.,  EiltnaHh  (1277  lt.>, 
the  latter  tho  grandest  of  the  group, 
and  on  top  of  which  is  a  moat  sin- 
gulat  collection  of  granite  rocks.  Tho 
tourist  fond  of  wild  scenery  would  do 
well  to  proceed  from  here,  by  tho 
Jamaica  Inn  and  Brown  WiUy  (see 
Sadmin),  to  Camelford  (see  Laun- 
ceston.),  whence  ho  can  visit  Tintagel, 
Ac.  on  tho  N.  coast.  The  Perp.  Ch. 
of  Si.  Neot,  4  m.  N.W.  of  Liakeard, 
has  been  long  CRlebrutcd  for  its  stained 
glass  windows,  illustrating  varioua  in- 
cidents in  the  life  of  the  saint  from 
whom  the  ch.  takes  its  name. 

Little  Amwell,  aeeAm'aeU,  Great. 

LliTLEBOHonaH,  ae    "    ■  "  ' 

LllTLE  COXWELL,  S 

Little  Crosby,  b 

Lnn.B  DuNnow,  s 

LllTLB  Eatom,  £  .... 

lilttleliamptoii  ( Sussex  ). 
Stat.,  L.  B.  &  S,  0.  Rly.  (Brancli 
from  Ford  Junction).  Inw.  Belle- 
vue  H,,  a  largo  boarding- bouse  facing 
tho  sea ;  Norfolk,  in  the  town ;  Ter- 
minus H.,  opposite  the  station.  This 
has  become  a  watering-place  of  mode- 
rate protcnsioDB.  It  lies  at  tho  mouth 
of  the  Arun,  and  ia  a  port  carrying 
considerable  trade  with  Franco 
(Honfleur),  to  which  place  passenger 
vessels  run  once  a  week.  The  river, 
which  is  crossed  hy  a  floating  bridge, 
is  famous  for  the  Arundel  mullets. 
The  neighbourhood,  though  level,  ia 
well  wooded  and  oflbrda  plensont 
walks,  and  there  are  flne  sands  ex- 
tending to    WorOdng,   10   m.; 


m«tty  village  and  ch.  (restored)  of 
RuMiJigtrnt. 

The  Ch.  of  TnrtingUm,  \  m.  N.  of 
Ford  Junction,  has  some  rich  Horm. 
work.    The  Ch,  of  Cltmping,  about 

1  m.  8.  of  Ford,  is  vory  interesting, 
and  has  been  restored. 

At   hernninster  (locally   Lymister), 

2  m.  N,  of  Littlehampton,  and  l\  m. 
E,  of  Ford,  tlie  Cft,  (restored)  de- 
serves notice. 

AriUnAA  (which  see)  is  4  m.  foqn 


LIVJESPOOL. 


Iiittlehampton 


1  the  line  to  Hots- 


LlTTLl  Lbiqhs,  see  BraiiUree. 
LnriiB  Maplbbtead,  see  Saltlead. 
LiTTLBMOBE,  Bee  Oxford  (Eiouth.). 
Little  Fbtbbrice,  «ee  Wadebridge. 
LiiTLB  Baxham,  see  Bvry  St.  Edm. 
Ltttlb  SHELroRD,  seB  CaiiAridge. 
Little  Sodsubt,  see  Chipping  Sod- 

LiTTLE  Walsinoham,  sea  Wahing- 

Little  Wenbaii,  see  Eadleigh. 

lAverpOOt  (Laoona).  Stats., 
(a)  Linre-Btreet  8tol.,  L.  &  N.  W.  Bly.,  tn 
London,  Birmingham,  Manchester,  aod 
8.  of  England ;  (6)  Tittebam-street 
Btat,,  Lano.  and  York.  Sly.,  cmd  E. 
I^Dc,  Bly.,to]jancaflter,  Carlialo,  Edin- 
burgh, Glasgow,  Southport,  &o.  This 
station  is  near  the  Exchange,  and  ia 
d  fine  building,  by  Walerhouie  ;  (c) 
Banelagh-street  Stat.,  Ot.  North.  Bly., 
tmf  Allrinoliam  and  Stockport,  to  Shef- 
field, london.  Sec,  also  used  by  Mane. 
Bheff.  and  Liucoln,  and  tbe  Midland 
Elys.;  (d)  Monk's  Ferry,  SMenAawi, 
(see).  S.  bajik  of  Mersey,  Qt.  West.  Bly., 
to  Cberter,  Crewe,  London,  and  8. 
Wales.  Ferty  steamers  to  meet  the 
ti^Ds  from  the  Ferry  landing-stage. 

Jnru  .'London  &  North  Western; 
Washington ;  Imperial,  all  in  Lime- 
stretit;  **AdQlphi  (Radloy'a),  fitcing 
Banelagli-street,  all  first  class ;  Comp- 
ton  ;  Waterluo,  Ranelagb-atieet  More 

conunercia],  are  Angel,  Boyal,  " 

Alexandra,  and  Saddle,  all  Ii 

Liverpool  is  the  oommercial  capital 
of  the  N.  of  England,  engrossing  the 
chief  trade  ■mlh  America  and  Aua- 
trolia,  especially  in  the  import  of  i 
cotton,  most  <a  which  goes  to  M 
cheit^,  and   is   returned  as   cot 
goods  for  export.   Three-fonrths  of  the 
grain  and  proviraon  trade  of  the  king- 
dom is  also  oonducled  here.    It  standi 
on  the  rt  bank  of  the  Hersey,  4  m. 
from  the  sea,  and  may  be  said  to  have 
risen  into  exis(«ice  nnce  1700,  when 
the  first  dock  was  made.    The  po| 
lation  was  then  5711.    At  the  ceni 
In  ISTl,  it  was  493,366,  suburbs  < 
eluded.    The  tonnaige   in   1700  i 
(dxmt  SOOO,  oow  it  is  about  7,000,000. 


In  163S,  indeed,  it  hod  no  place  in  the 

map  of  the  kingdom.  The  special 
objects  of  blerest  in  Liveipool  moat 
worth  Tidtiog  are  ttao  Dockt  and 
Landing-ttage.  The  latter  ia  a  mag- 
nificent structure  nearly  )  m.  in 
length,  floating  on  pontoons,  and  ap- 
proached by  6  iron  bridges,  but 
mainly  by  a  floating  bridge,  supposed 
to  be  the  finest  of  its  kind  m  the 
world.  The  stage  was  completely  de- 
strojred  by  fire  in  May,  lgT4,  but  the 
floating-bridge  was  preserved. 

Channel  Steamers  sail  from  the  N, 
end  of  the  stage,  and  from  tlie  aouthcm 
and  middle  pcitions.  Bteamera  are 
continually  plying  between  Woodnde, 
Monk's  Ferry,  Bock  Ferry,  Eeremont, 
Seaoombe,  New  Brighton,  Tranmere, 
and  Eastham  oa  the  apposite  coast. 
It  is  one  Goastant  scene  of  bustle,  and 
if  the  day  be  fine,  the  visitor  should 
cross  over  to  New  Brighton,  and  so 
get  a  good  general  view  of  the  river 
and  Bac^.  These  extend  for  5  m., 
and  have  an  area  of  1000  acres,  of 
which  the  basins,  ivet  and  dry  docka, 
occupy  277  acres.  The  following  are 
the  nsee  and  order  of  the  various  docks 
ftom  8.  to  N.  :— 

HtfCDkntum.    GciktkI  tnd«. 
ffuTlngUm  mnd  EhfUhl    Jnlud. 
TojtieiU,    GmenJ. 
finuuwlck.    TtmbcT, 
Oitiiirg.    Qesenl. 


1.  Qaeea'a.    KohIl 

B.  kmtt:    Tnlwieo.    In  Ui 


ImdB  In  lion.    Tbe  Qnwi'i  'Tota 

Pipe,"  fM  baming  Mimxa  en  whii*  the 
dntj  haa  not  btea  paid,  is  ilLUAted  a 
tbUdock. 
».  Wipping.    Geiwa*!. 
IS.  Albert.    E.  Indian.     VMa  the   wan- 
It.  BaltloMe.     &  AmerkUL     Tli«   la  Ibe 
oldest  dock  of  all,  and  adjnlna  UieCnatom 

13.  SI.  Gatrg^i.  Oensral.  On  tbe  land  dds 
an  the  bnge  Qam  vusbgnwa,  and  ^IJ 
tbs  rtver  aUe  ti  Fair  Laodlns  Stage 

It.  I'rinaet.  GoMMd.  Ho*  ii  t£at  portico 
of  tba  I^ndlnc^itise  nmd  for  the  Chan- 
nel and  ooean  tnmo.    In  tbla  dock  lie 


■mL    H«re  la  tbe  Cloct 
It  Is  llltuniiutcd 
30.  CoLUniiwood.    CoasUng. 


1,  SUinlFy.    Ocwnl. 


at.  WelllnffUii 

H.  Suidon.    RcKjrti 

at.  autiditim.  aim) 


.    UnlUdSt 


Abreut  of  tUa  IB 

of  the  itaipplng  puUy  d^vnU.    Then 
t«  iDollKt  hn  IX  Sew  &lght> 

nuudtiig  the  nHoth  oT  the  IlTer.     

-       "■     ■  DuckB, 


1,  CuidA.     Timber. 


Uh  sole  of  tbe  worki,  qnira,  locks, 
gats  (l«D  ft.  wide},  fee. 
'^—'-      iu— ^—      The  luJECM  of  tlH 


A  horae  tramway  rnnB  along  the 
whole  length  of  the  Docks. 

From  the  Laading-Btage  the  visitor 
should  asoend  Water-«treet,  paasiag 
St.  Xieholiu-  Ch..  the  oldest  la  the 
town,  and  renmrkable  for  its  "  laatem  " 
Bpira  At  the  head  of  Water-street, 
and  &oiitiDg  Caatle-atreet,  ia  the 
Tm™  Sail,  by  Wood,  oontaining  statue 
of  Canning,  by  Chantrey,  find  por- 
traits by  Lawrenee.  In  close  proxi' 
mity  to  the  Town  Hall  are  the  new 
Ikcdiange  Buildingi,  in  courtyard  of 
which  ia  bronze  monument  to  Nelson, 
by  Weilmacott.  The  long  readine- 
room  in  which  the  merohants  aasemble 
ia  the  principal  feature.  In  Dale-stieet 
are  the  Pid/lie  Of£et,  a  fine  new 
building,  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
half  a  milUoB  sterling.  Near  the  Pub- 
lic Offices  stands  ^  Otorge's  Hail, 
the  finest  boilding  in  Liverpool,  in 
the  sWle  of  a  Greek  temple,  by  the 
lute  LofudaU  Elmei  (cost  400,0002.). 
It  contains  at  one  end  the  Law  Courte, 
and  at  the  other  the  great  marble  hall, 
169ft.  long.  Obeerre^  statues  of  Peel, 
flarl  of  Ijecby,  Qladstoi)^  and  Jt.  Bte- 


phenaon ;  the  Corinthian  columns  of  the 

portico  and  the  pediment,  by  CoefcsreU, 
The  tiage  lions  carved  in  atone  are  after 
designs  by  the  late  Sir  Edwin  Land- 
seer.  In  the  open  spaoe  in  froot  of 
the  Hall  are  bronze  statues  of  the 
Queen  and  the  late  Princ«  Consort  oa 
horseback.  The  monument  to  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  ia  close  by.  Tho 
Organ,  by  Willifl,  ia  played  at  stated 
times,  and  should  be  heard.  In  Wil- 
liam Brown-atrect,  close  bj,  is  the 
Free  h^rrary  and  Maseam,  foiuded  in 
1857  by  Sir  W,  Brown,  merchant 
Open  JHon.,  Wed.,  and  Thur.,  from  10 
to  ittiuet ;  Tw*.  and  Fri.  Aw  a  fee. 
It  contains  (a)  the  Zoolo^cal  Collec- 
tion, given  by  the  late  ^x\  of  Derby, 
and  ia  one  of  the  beet  out  of 
London ;  (6)  an  aquarium ;  and  (o) 
antiquities  given  by  Mr.  Joa.  Mayer, 
a  goldsmith  of  Liverpool,  at  a  cost 
of  50,OOOL,  and  .embracing  Egyptian 
and  Anglo-Saxon  specimens,  with 
ivoriea,  china,  and  Wedgwood  ware. 
The  Teading-ioom  (open  from  10  to 
10)  holds  600  persons,  and  is  generally 
filled  in  tha  oveoing.  The  pictora- 
golleiT  contains  soma  good  paintings, 
tiie  chief  of  which  ia  the  "  Hunted 
Skve,"  by  Ansdell,  saloe  50001. 
Strangers  arriving  in  Liverpool  at  the 
Lime-ilreet  Terrntnug.  emerge  into  the 
town  nearly  opposite  St.  Geoi^'s 
Hall.  Thence  proceed  down  Heoshaw- 
street  to  St.  tuMe  Ch.,  at  beck  of 
whiob,  iaHardman-Etrcet,iBthe  BUnd 
Sehoot,  the  oh.  of  which  is  a  copy  of 
the  portico  of  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
at  iBgino.  In  Mount-street,  close  by, 
is  the  Liverpool  IialiluHon,  a  cele- 
brated educational  efltablishment.  Tlie 
cliief  educational  establiahment,  how- 
ever, is  the  Liverpool  College,  Shaw- 
street.  In  Coiquitt-street  is  the  Boyal 
Inetiivtion,  contaiDiog  some  pictures 
of  the  early  Greek,  Italian,  and  Oer- 
man  schools  (Uth,  15th,  and  16th 
oonts.) ;  inlerestmg  more  as  illnstm- 
tin^  the  historv  of  the  art  than  &om 
their  intrinsic  beauty.  Tha  bset  are 
"  Christ  among  the  Doctors ''  (Sfmon* 
Memmi),  "Birth  of  theVi^n"  (F. 
^VPOt  "Descent  from  the  Cross" 
is.  Von  der  Weyden),  "  Prodigal  Son  " 
(JSoOsin):  aim  oaste  &om  t&  .^giiitk 


Matbles.  The  collection  was  made  bj 
Mr.  Eosooe,  historian  of  Loo  X,  From 
ColquiiU-itTeet,  deBoend  BM-»ireet, 
vhere  Uie  best  sbopg  are  to  be  found  ; 
also  the  Lyeetttn  Library  nnd  tht:  Club, 
tbmce  bj  Cliurch  and  Lord-streets  to 
South  CBstle-fltreet  (SL  George-B  Ci.), 
at  the  bottom  of  nhioh  are  the  Sailonf 
Some,  A  YBTj  useful  institntion,  and 
Sevenue  Bailiings,  a,  Gae  Ionic  pile, 
with  dome  and  porticoes,  cost  250,0001 
The  whole  was  erected  on  iJie  site  of 


LiiAHiBGR,  see  Barmouih  and  Har- 
lech. 

Llanaelbaiabn,  see  Orieei'tOi. 

Llanafam,  Bee  Aberyitwilk. 

Llanallgo,  see  Beattmarii. 

Li-anarhoh-in-Yalb,  see  Buthin, 

Llanaba,  Bee  Jtfo»(yn, 

Llanbadahh  Vawb,  see  Abery- 
tlieith  and  Wye. 

Llambaddocz,  see  TJik. 

Llahbabbio,  eee  JmJiDcA. 

Llanbbdr,  see  Harlech. 

Iilanlf  eris  (  Caernarvon. )  — 
8tat.,  j  hr.  lide  &om  Caemarron, 
and  I  hr.  from  Bangor ;  251  m. 
from  Eiiston-square,  and  included  in 
L,  &  N.  W.  Snowdoo  Circular  Tour. 
Inna:  'Kojal  Victoria  H.  ;  Padam 
Tilla  H.;  Dolbadam  H.;  Castle  H.; 
GljD  Feria  E.,  about  1  n.  on  Caet^ 
narron  road  and  close  to  Glyn  Slate 
Qnerrjea.  The  hotels  are  uesitberaii- 
viay  station,  and  close  to  the  neck  oF 
land  which  lies  between  the  2  lakes, 
and  are  distant  rather  moro  than  2  tn. 
W.  from  the  Tillage  of  Llanberia,  which 
consista  only  of  a  few  honees  and  neat 
lodging-houses  at  the  head  of  the 
famous  Pom  of  Lla-nberii ;  it  is  a 
&voaiite  centre  for  endless  mountain 
exoundons,  especiall;  the  ascent  of 
SnowdoD.  The  interertin^  and  pic- 
turesque Ch.  (restored)  has  a  rer; 
ain^ilar  15th  -  cent,  timber  roo^  re- 
sembling a  ship  keel  uppermost. 

Of  the  2  lakes  wliich  fill  up  the 
Talley,  Llvn  Fadara  is  the  larRor, 
thongh  it  IB  inferior  in  beaut;  to  Uya 
^erit,  the  latter  Burromded  by  high 


hills  which  deeoend  to  the  vei^  brink 
of  the  water. 

Exeuniotti.  —  Ascent  of  BnotDdtm, 
about  5  m.  (the  ascent  may  also  be 
made  from  Beddg^ert,  Lytm  OaAlyn, 
or  Capd  Ourig);  this  asoeut  is  the 
easiest  and  most  accessible;  guides 
and  ponies  ma;  be  engsged  at  the 
hotel,  the  charge  being  &s.  for  pony 
and  Si.  for  guide.  The  path  at  back 
of  the  Victoria  H.  must  be  followed 
which  crosses  the  road,  and  follow  1. 
bank  of  the  stream,  till  the  wutertiil] 
of  Ceunanl  Maiar  is  reached.  From 
here,  the  track  tnma  8.E,,  and  runs 
up  Yl.  slope  of  Llechog  or  Llechwedd, 
overlooking  0am  Bnqpiog,  one  of  the 
largest  though  least  grand  of  the  5 
great  glacier  valleys  that  run  down 
from  Moel-y-W:fddfc,  At  the  head  of 
Cwm  Brwynog  is  the  Bmull  Llyn  du'r 
Arddu,  lying  at  the  foot  of  the  tre- 
mendous cliffs  of  Clogwyn  du'r  Aiddn. 
As  tlio  touriet  monnta  Lleoliog,  lovely 
views  open  np  of  the  Llanberis  Lakes, 
and  of  the  country  down  to  Caer- 
narvon. The  Bmaller  glen  of  Cwm 
Glas  Bach  now  opens  up,  with  exlen- 
aive  views  of  tho  Glyders,  Mjnydd 
Mawr,  and  a  large  expenBO  of  country. 
Front  hence  the  path  becomes  steep 
and  zigzag,  but  grand  pioepects  mo- 
mentarily enlaTKB.  Ere  long  the  nar- 
row ridge  of  Crib-y-Ddysgyl  is  reached, 
the  point  where  tlie  Capel  CurLg  route 
comes  in,  and  a  sharp  pull  soon  brings 
the  visitor  to  topmost  peak  of  Moet-y- 
Wydd^  The  ascent  of  CaTiuddaa 
Davydd  and  Ueteellyn  may  also  he 
made  from  Ltanberis.  At  about  3} 
m.  N.E.  is  Hyn  Ogwen,  where  is  good 
fishing,  about  1  m.  beyond  which  the 
Holyhead  rood  is  reached  (see  Gapel 
Curig);  or,  Irom  Llyn  Ogwen,  tho 
tourist  may  proceed  to  the  wild  neigh- 
bouring .  Llyn  Sdmal,  and  return 
thence  by  Twllddn  and  Llyn-y-Cwm 
to  Llanberis  (Bee  Cbpel  Curig),  As- 
cent of  the  Qlyden  (see  also  Capel 
Curig).  The  speciality  of  tho  Great 
Glyder  is  the  view  it  affbrds  of  Buow- 
don,  which  should  be  seen  in  the  long 


may  descend,  it  he  choose,  to  Ben-y- 
^teryd  (where  (s  an  inn),  6  m.  Irc^ 


LLANBBBIS-LLANDUDKO. 


Llanberis  (see  dyel  Curig).  Anotljer 
interesting  excnwoQa  may  be  made  by 
clirabing  the  slopes  of  Glyder  Fawr, 
Ti  siting  theooe  the  MarrilJlyn  Iiakes, 
(Lnd  crossiitg  Camedd  Filiitst  to  the 
Fenrbyn  Quarries,  distant  about  2  m. 
from  Bethetda  (see  Baiujor).  To  Capel 
Carig,  10  w.  Proceeding  rt.,  just 
above  the  oh.,  commenccB  tbo  famous 
Pfua  of  Llaidierie.  tbe  vild  grandeur 
of  nhicb  is  scarcely  exceeded  in  Great 
Britain.  The  ronii  is  carried  nearly 
i  m.  lit  foot  of  precipitons  inoontaina, 
-which  rise  up  eacn  aide  in  clifta 
2000  ft.  liigh.  At  li  m.  tbe  road 
crosses  ilie  river  at  PofU-y-Oromleeh. 
From  hence  the  tourist  may  proceed — 
0)  ^1  m,  further  on  to  Qorphwysfii, 
IJ  m.  beyond  which  is  Pen-y-gwrjd, 
whence  the  ascent  by  Moel  Siabod 
may  be  made,  from  whioh  it  is  4  m. 
to  Capel  Cnrig ;  (2)  to  Uyn  Lydate, 
about  I)  m.  S.,  where  is  good  fiahiag : 
{S)  opposite  the  cromlecn,  the  deep 
ravine  of  Cwm  Olat  runs  up  into  the 
very  heart  of  Snowdon,  l^^nating 
with  tbe  precipices  of  Crib-y-Ddysgyl ; 
the  moraine  heaps,  boulders,  and 
loches  montonnees,  show  this  to  have 
boon  a  large  glacier  valley.  The 
touiiat  shoi^d  ascend  this  Ctem,  in 
order  to  see  the  npland  valley  at  the 
extreme  end  of  it — said  to  be  the 
wildest  in  Waleg — bounded  oa  three 
sides  by  mountain  peaks,  and  contain- 
ing two  little  deep  clear  tarns  2200  tt. 
above  the  sea,  and  each  in  a  perfect 
busiu  of  rock.  This  valley  ia  divided 
Siom  tbe  lower  part  of  tbe  Cwm  by  a 
staep  escarpment  of  rochs  800  ft.  high. 
Hence  be  may  climb  the  ridge  of 
Crib  Ooch,  and  so  to  tbe  summit  of 


To  Caernarvon,  10  m.,  and  Dinai 
Diaoneig.  A  litUe  more  than  2  m. 
W.,    after    skirting    Llyn   Peris,    is 

reached  the  Yieti»ia  Motel,  at  fhe 
back  of  which,  and  overlooking  the 
lower  end  of  the  lake,  is  tbe  striliing 
and  picturesqae  tower  of  Dolbadam, 
At  Its  foot  the  bolamst  will  find 
Hymenophyllum  Tunhridgense.  On 
the  hills  CD  tlie  opposite  side  of  tbe 
lake  are  tbo  Ditioruig  »late  guarrtes, 
the  largest  in  Wales  next  to  those  of 
Penrhyn,    Soon  after  tbe  Pdbadam 


Inn  is  passed,  and  about  i  m.  Halfway 
is  roacbed.  Hence  the  tonrist  may 
proceed— (1)  i  m.  further  on  to  Caer- 
narvon ;  or  (2),  a  most  interesting  anti- 
quarian excursion,  diverge  rt.  about 
1}  m.  to  early  fortified  pcet  of  Dinat 
Vinoneig,  situated  on  an  eminence  a 
little  S,E.  of  Ch.  of  Vanddeiniolen, 
and  is  of  oval  shape,  sorronnded  by 
2  ditches  with  a  lof^  bank  between 
them ;  within  the  innermost  bunk  is  a 
heap  of  stones.  The  excursion  nay 
be  extended  lo  I'entlr,  about  3  ra. 
S.lj.  of  Llauddeiniolen,  or  to  Bangor, 
about  4  m.  beyond  Pentir.  In  the 
vicinity  of  Dinas  Dinorwig  are  aoTcral 
antiquities — a  rocking-stono,  a  Drnidi- 
col  circle,  and  cyttiau.  There  ore 
also  between  Dinax  Dinorwig  and  Llyn 
Padam,  the  tower  of  Llyt  Dinortmg, 
and  a  second  fortified  post,  Dinaa 
Xaar,  In  returning  the  tonrist  will 
obtain  the  finest  and  most  memorablo 
view  of  SnowdoD. 

To  the  lovely  village  of  Seddgeleti, 
12  m.  At  4  m.  E.  Pen-y-gwryd  as 
reaobed.  Hence  it  is  8  m.  through 
tbe  beautiful  vale  of  Nant  Gwynant, 
to  Beddgolert.  To  the  beautiful  sce- 
nery of  NanlUe  and  Dmt-y-coed  (see 
Caernarvon^  Turn  ofl;  S.W.,  by  the 
old  post-oilioe  at  Llanberis,  and  fol- 
low the  footpath  to  Bettux  Gannon, 
3m. 

Dfotonces.— To  Bettws-y-Coed,  15 
m. ;  to  Llanwrst,  20  m, ;  to  Ti«nia- 
doo,  19  m. ;  to  Tan-y-bwlch,  21  m. 

Llanbait,  see  CardiW. 

Llanddeusakt,  see  Bolyltead, 

LLANDnuLiS,  see  Bhyl. 

Llanbdwtn,  see  Llangefni. 

IiLANBUWTWK,  see  Harlieh. 

Llandeowvn,  see  Fortmadoc. 

LuNPEOAi,  see  Banqor. 

Llandbgla,  see  Llangefni  and 
Ruthin. 

LLAXnEarm.,  see  Corwen. 

Tii.AHDisAM.  see  LUmidloei, 

LuKDOflo,  see  CSe™(oto. 

IojANCBIDOD,  see  Wye. 

Llakdbillo,  see  C^icen. 

Li,asdbello-vn-Shos,  see  Jiandu- 

Ijlandndno  (Caernarvon.), 
about  2  hrs.  by  train  from  ChetUr, 
about  1  br.  from  Bangor,  and  10  mio, 


LLANDUDNO— LLANEBCEYMEDD. 


267 


team    UamJndoo    Jnno.    (Conway). 

SteamerB  in  enmmer  call  fiotn  Liver' 
pool,  and  Bometimes  Caernarvon  and 
Beaumaris.  Jnns :  Adelphi  H. ; 
Queen's  H. ;  St.  Geotge'a  H. ;  Im- 
perial H.,  all  good.  The  "Welsh 
Brighton;"  it  poBsesaeB  fie  unuaual 
(idvantoge  of  2  bays,  sanli  with  dif- 
ferent aspect.  It  is  sheltered  on  tie 
N.W.  by  the  Great  Onn«'j  Head,  and 
E.  by  the  Little  Orme'i  Head,  enor- 
mons  nasEes  of  limestone  rock,  rising 
precipitously  several  hundred  feet  from 
the  sea.  It  is  a  very  pleasant  walk, 
or  drive,  of  6  m.  round  tlio  Great 
Heed,  nbich  comprises  many  places 
of  interest,  fiz,,  the  Telegraph  Star 
tion  (750  ft.),  affording  a  floe  view 
of  Llandudno  and  Conway ;  the  cop- 
per-mines,  with  traces  of  Roman 
workings  ;  a  cromlech  of  5  stones 
Bupporttng  one;  and  the  British 
fortress  of  Fm-y-DdtTiae,  overlooking 
the  town.  At  one  corner  is  the  rock- 
ing-stone  called  Cryd  Ttidno.  In  St. 
Tadno'i  Ck.  (restored),  dating  Ikim 
the  12th  cent,  are  an  ancient  ciicnlar 
font,  and  2  incised  coffln-lids  of  the 
13th  cent.  A  litUe  W.  of  the  Ch.  are 
remains  of  an  avenue  of  upright  stonea 
called  "  the  high  road  of  the  deer." 
The  geologist  and  botanist  will  find 
many  fossils  and  rare  plants  in  the 
neigciboarliood. 

Bscaartions  laay  be  made  t«  the 
various  oHecte  of  interest  in  the  penin- 
anla  of  Oreviddipi,  N.  of  the  Chester 
and  Holyhead  K!y.  On  an  eminence 
joat  ahovethe  branch  railway  are  scanty 
remains  of  Ca»lle  DigmoBy.  On  a  hill 
to  the  N.K.  is  a  ruined  tower,  and  in 
the  valley  beneath,  the  cruciform  Ch. 
of  Sghcyt  Ehot,  which  has  oak  roof 
and  stained  glaas.  Near  it  ia  the  pio- 
tnresque  Elizabethan  seat  of  Glod- 
Joatb,  3  m.  finm  Llandudno,  the  house 
and  grounds  of  wliioli  are  opened  to 
visitora.  In  the  entrance  hall  are 
some  fine  timber  work  and  earring. 
The  handsome  Ferp.  Ch.  otLJandTiOo- 
jm-Bhos,  3  m.,  lias  a  tower  with 
double-stepped  battlements.  In  inte- 
rior is  a  Norm.  font.  About  i  m. 
distant  is  Capd  Trillti,  a  rude  little 
16th-cenL  bnilding. 

Pi'lloncft.  —  To    Cormay,    i    m.; 


Bangor,  18  m. ;  Bettayi-y-Coed,  about 
1}  hf .  by  Htil. 

Llahdqlas,  see  Abergele. 

Llahstpnan,  see  Beawmarii, 

LLlttDTSsn.,  see  Cardigan. 

Llanegbyn,  SCO  Dalgdiey  and  Toun/n . 

Llanelhaiahs,  see  FaUheli. 

Llakeliav,  see  Amlvich. 

Ll.ANBXLES,  see  Abergavenni/, 

Llaxelltyu,  see  Dolgellei/. 

Iilanellr  (Caerm.)-%tat,,  Gt. 


June.  A  branch  line 
with  Central  Wales  system  runs  from 
here  to  Llandilo  and  Llandovery ; 
thence  to  Builth,  Cmvon  Arms,  &o. 
Inn»;  Thomas  Arms;  Stepney  Ama. 
This  is  a  busy  port  and  niBnufaotoring 
town,  dependent  chiefly  upon  the 
Camifrian  Copper  WorTu,  and  some 
tin  works.  Tie  chimney  of  the  cop- 
per works  iaSSl  ft.  high.  The  railway 
skirts  the  shores  of  the  Bun;  river  to 
(1  m.)  Pembrey,  thence  (5  m.)  to  £ii- 
weDir  (Jnn.'  Felican),  wliere  the  ruins 
of  the  CatOe,  E.  Dec.,  temp.  Edw.  I., 
are  well  worth  a  visit,  especially  by 
artist  and  antiqnar;.  4  m.  further 
W.  is  the  pretty  Lttlo  watering-place 
of  Ferrytide  (see  CoermortAen). 

Llanenoan,  see  PwUlieU. 

IilanercIiTinedd  (Angle- 
sey), Slat.,  17  m.  1^  rail  from  Bangor, 
and  6}  m.  &om  Amivxk.  Jnn.-  Bull's 
Head.  A  town  noted  for  cattle  fairs, 
and  formerly  for  the  manufacture  of 
Welah  anuff.  ObEerve  Ch.  (restored) 
with  its  tower,  which  lies  a  deep 
military-looking  parapet,  and  its  beU 
gable,  curiously  formed,  in  E.  parapet. 

EteufsiOBS. — About  1  in.  N.  of  the 
town  is  Llwydiarth,  late  the  demesne 
of  the  Iiloyd  family,  and  now  occupied 
bv  George  Walker,  Esq,,  of  Man- 
ctiester,  in  beautifully  wooded  grounds, 
in  which  ia  a  famous  Maen  Chwyt  or 
rocking-stone,  called  locally  Arthur's 
Quoit.  2}  m.  further  on  is  the  Fary» 
Moatttain,  the  highest  hill  in  Angle- 
sey, riddled  and  quarried  by  the  wraks 
of  the  Copper  Xinei,  2}  m,  f^irther  N., 
Amlacb  is  reached. 

To  the  little  Ferp.  ffl'ngle-aialed  Ch. 
ol  Llanvihangel  Tre'r  Beurdd,  3  m.  E., 
in  oh,-yd.  ot  which  is  on  early  cross. 


LLASFTLLIIT—LLANOSFNI. 


The  walk  may  be  oontinnad,  passing 
rude  little  7th-oent  Ch.  of  LlanaUgo, 
to  Moelfre  Bay,  about  5  m.  further  on, 
wlienca  the  tourist  may  relum  by 
Fearlun  Llugay  Ch.,  to  LUnerchy- 
medd,  aboat  IS  m.  in  all  (see  Beati- 
marW).  To  LhntTitmal,  about  5  m. ; 
to  liaagefni,  7  m, 

Biitance». — Holyhead,  14  m. ;  Bean- 
niaris,  17   m. ;  LlaDgefni,  6}  m.,  by 

Llarfaeuh},  aee  Edyliead, 
Llakfaib,  see  Onw«tr^. 
Llanfaib  Caer  EunoN,  Bee  IfeZiA- 

"     IiLUIFAlKmnAN,  see  Conteay. 

Llanfaib  Taduiabn,  see  Aherg^ 
and  Uanrusj, 

Llanfbohsll,  aee  Amlvich. 

Llaupwrog,  see  Kul/ii'ti. 

IilnntVlUn  (Montgomery.). 
Stat.,  brandi  line  from  Llanymynach 
June.  (Cambrian  Rly.),  11  hi.  by  rail 
ftomShrewebnry;  1  hr.  fioni  Osweslry ; 
aodlJhr.fromWelahpooL  /nn.Wynn- 
stay  Arms,  a  good  fiahing  station. 
The  Ch.,  dedicated  to  St.  Myllin,  ia 
noted  for  its  peal  of  bells ;  near  the 
font  is  a  chained  old  folio  edition  of 
the  '  Whole  Duty  of  Man.' 

EicuT«vm$. — To  Llanrhaiodr-yn- 
Mocbanl,  about  6  m.  by  a  hilly  iiid. 
To  lAangymvK,  about  S  m.,  whenoe  it 
is  2^  m.  to  Femwad  Melaitgeli  with 
its  smgular  ah.  The  excursion  may 
be  oontioued  from  Llangynnog,  12^  m., 
to  Bala  throngh  a  wild  country.  To 
Cann  Ogiix,  a  good  roadside  inn  and 
conTenieutflshing  station,  II  m.,  cross- 
ing the  Vyrnwy,  an  excellent  fishing 
river, at PontUogel.  ToOtaetlry,lita. 
ToZJantatn/fraJ<!,abontS^m.,withoh. 
ot  ITth  cent,  and  a  fen  details  of  13th 
cent.;  its  font  is  of  Norm,  character, 
an  cgee-pointed  window  and  remains 
of  a£nlble  piscina  in  S,  wall  are  of  the 
Deo.  period,  and  the  roodloft  belongs 
to  the  Perp, ;  at  W.  end  is  a  woodon 
steeple  snpporUng  pretty  spire.  This 
toad  may  also  be  continued  about 
lOJ  m.  to  Oswestry, 

Llangadvan,  SL'e  Dina$  Mfneddwy. 

Llasoabwaladb,  see  JJangefni. 

LtiNQAPPO,  see  Llangefnt 

Llanqattoc,  see  Brecon. 

(.If^nretel  (Angleeey^  Stat., 


1  hr.  by  rail  (lOJ  m.  by  road)  &om 

BaDgor,  and  about  9  m.  by  old  ro«d 
from  Besumahs.  Jnn:  Bull's  Head. 
A  busy  little  market  town,  pleaaantlf 
situated  in  vale  of  Cefni.  which  ia  here 
crossed  by  2  bridges ;  note  inscribed 


iuthetc 


Bthe 


old  intrenched  mansion  of  Tregamedd, 
temp.  Hen.  VII.,  now  a  farmhouae; 
the  name  is  T>rot»bly  derived  from  a 
large  oamedd  or  heap  of  stonea  for 
sepulchral  purposes  ia  adjoiai      "  ' ' 


Eind  returning  to  Llangefni,  if  needed, 
by  rail,  6}  m.  An  eionrsiou  by  N.E, 
coast  to  JfnlucA  may  b«  made  as 
follows ;  at  2  m.  is  picturesque  oh.  of 
Llan^nan;  3m.fuTUieron,Fentraeth; 
1  j  m.  W.  of  which  is  ch.  of  Lidnddy- 
fnan;  from  Pentraeth  (Jnn;  Panton 
Arms)  the  tourist  may  proceed  (1) 
about  1  m.  N.E.  to  Bedwharf  Bay; 
(2)  S  m.  rt.  to  Beaumaris ;  (3)  10  m.  L 
to  Llanerohymedd ;  or  (4)  about  12  m. 
N.W.,  by  Uanailgo  and  Pensom.  to 
Amlwch,  whence  rail  of  13  m.  may 
be  taken  to  Liaagefni.  To  Sautmarit, 
9  m.  To  Hen  Eglay»  Ch.,  2  m.  N.W., 
wliere  ia  inscribed  sioce  and  good 
llth-cent.foDt:  about2m.S.'Of which 
is  Cerrig  Ceinwea  Ch.  (see  Solyhead); 
and  1  m.  S.  of  this  again  Henblat, 
where  is  a  cromlech,  as  also  another 
with  a  menhir  near  Dinaa,  W.  of  Uen- 
blas— from  this  last  it  is  about  3}  m. 
to  Llangefni.  To  Bangor  about  10  m., 
at  2}  m.  ia  old  Pen),  oh.  of  Llmvi- 
hangel  Etgeifiog.  Trie  excurdon  may 
be  continued  9  m.  to  Bangor  by  Llan- 
fair  and  ihe  Britannia  TtAular  Bridge, 
or  the  Jtfenai  Bridge.  An  excmsioa 
may  be  made  to  8.  of  coast  by  l^dng 
rail  of  4  j  m.  (or  4i  m.  road)  to  <?(i«niien 
June,  wlienoe  it  is  3  m.  B.E.  to 
Llanidan,  district  teeming  with  snti- 
qnities  (see  Beaumarit).  From  Llimi- 
dan  the  tourist  may  proceed  N.E.  4  m. 
to  Llanfair  and  tbe  Tubular  Bridge, 
passing  Llanedwen  Ch.  and  Plot 
Seieydd,  or  S.W.  about  3  m.  to  Tai^ 
fod,  whence  there  ia  ferry  to  Cber- 
narron.  About  8  m.  W.  of  Tal-y-fbel 
is  decayed  village  of  ^eieborougA ;  UiB 
ch,,  which  is  Dec.,  has  good  12Ui-cenL 
font  and  ^ood  E,  window.    At  the  ex- 


LLAN6EFNI—LLANQ0LLEK. 


tremily  of  Newborougk  Warren,  and 
(ibout  2  JQ.  8,W.  of  Uia  village,  is  the 
island  of  i/IandJie^.  Tfhere  are  ecant; 
remaiUB  of  tha  ohoir  of  an  Alibey.  On 
tbe  aandf  ahorce  in  this  neighbour- 
hood the  botanist  will  find  man;  un- 
commoTi  maritime  plants.  IJ  m.  N.  of 
Nevborou^h  ia  ZJanmir-Cummtni  Gh., 
ia  which  IS  singular  I2tli-cent.  font, 
oraamented  witti  mis-ahapen  heads : 
i^iuDst  the  N.  wall  ia  an  elaborate 
CTOsa-fleury  ooffln-lid.  About  3  m.  N. 
of  Llanvair  ia  modern  ch.  of  Llangaffo 
vrith  graceful  spire,  and  in  siLme 
parish  Bodoioyr,  an  old  llitli-ceDt. 
house;  hence  the  tourist  maj  return, 
2  m.  N.E.,  toGaerwen  June.  Another 
Q  ma;  be  made  by  taking  rail 


during  the  ride  note  magnificent  TiewB 
L  of  the  Snowdonian  mouutaius,  ter- 
minatiag  ia  W.  with  the  abrupt  pre- 
cipices of  Yr  Eifl.  Close  to  the  station 
ia  Llyn  Coron,  of  considerable  size  and 
with  good  flahing ;  &om  it  Issues  the 
little  river  Ffratr,  which  falls  into  the 
sea  at  small  viLU^e  of  Abetfraw.  The 
restored  Gh.  has  2  aisles ;  in  8.  aisle  is 
an  interesting  12th-ceuf.  doorway ;  the 
font  is  14th  cent.  The  jPn'nra  tteiieipn 
is  a  comfortable  inn  for  anglera,  also 
Sodorgan  Arms  and  Kirtmel  Amu  by 
Bodorgan  Stat,  close  to  the  lake.  1  m. 
8.W.  of  Aberf&aw  is  singular  E.-E. 
ch.  of  Llanginyfan,  situated  on  small 
island  joined  to  mainland  bj  a  narrow 
iiauaeway.whichis  often  flooded;  hence 
AberfTraw  Bay  may  be  skirted  about 
8}  m.  S.E.  to  Bodoteen,  a  former  man- 
sion of  the  Owen  family.  From  this 
point  the  estuary  rnay  bo  forded,  but 
only  at  low  water,  t«  Newborough  (see 
above).  Continuing  N.  from  Bodowen 
1}  m.  is  Bodorgan  (Sir  George  Meyrick 
Oervis,  Bt.),  with  beautiful  ganlena, 
once  the  finest  in  Wales ;  a  UtOe  N,W. 
of  which  is  E.-Perp.  ch.  of  Llangad- 
tmUadr,  consisHngofnaveand  chancel 
with  N.  and  S.  chapels  attached  ;  the 
tourist  may,  if  needful,  reach  tills 
direct  from  Aberffraw  2  m. ;  on  lintel 
ofS,  doorway  of  nave  is  inscribed  7th- 
cent.  stone ;  it  boasts  pecuharly  beau- 
tiful alained-glasa  window  of  8  lights, 
and  ooQtaiiis  the  Crucifixion  and  other 


subjects.  In  N.  of  Bodorgan  chapel  is 
good  memorial  window.  Hence  re- 
turn I  m.  N.  to  Bodorgan  Stat. 

Distancee, — Amlwch,  by  rail,  13  m.; 
Llanerohymedd,  ftjm.;  Holyhead,  22J 
m.;  Baugor,  lOJ  m. 

LLAsaENAK,  BOe  Brecon. 

XrLANOEBHiw,  See  Abergde. 

Llanoian,  see  FicUh^i. 

Xjluntroll^n  (Denbigh.),  Stat, 
2011  m.  from  Paddington,  1}  hr.  ride 
by  rail  from  Che^r,  and  1^  hr. 
Itom  Shrewsbury.  Also  included  in 
N.  Wales  New  Uiroular  Tour.  Intu : 
••Hand,  best  hotel  in  Wales  ;  Koyal. 
Mrs.  Edwards,  of  the  Hand  Hotel,  will 
give  anglers  all  particuloreas  to  salmon 
and  trout  fishing  in  Dee.  A  pleasant 
little  town  entirely  enclosed  by  hills 
and  on  rt.  bank  of  Dee,  which  is  hero 
crossed  by  a  singular  bridge  (1345) 
of  4  pointed  ati^hcs.  The  cb.  contains 
good  carved  oak  reof.  In  a  dell  at 
back  of  ch.  is  Plat  Neurydd  (i  m.),  once 
the  residence  of  "  the  ladies  of  Llan- 
gollen" (Lady  Eleanor  Butler  and 
Hon.  8.  Ponsonby).  On  a  conical  bill 
(910  ft.)  on  other  side  of  bridge  are 
the  scanty  ruins  of  Cattell  Dinat  Bran, 
whence  there  is  a  fine  view ;  botanist 
will  find  Pijnu  intermedia  here,  aud 
the  Sedam  Angliaan  in  great  pro- 
fusion. In  descending  hill,  keep  to 
N.E.  and  continue  walk  to  Talle  Omcii 
(about  2  m.  from  the  town),  the  most 
perfect  and  beaulaful  of  N.  Wales 
abbeys.  The  general  style  of  archi- 
tecture is  E.  £.  (13th  cent.)  and  in 
some  parts  late  Norm.  The  interior 
Is  well  preserved.  About  i  m.  above 
the  abbey  is  Eliseg'a  Pillar,  erected 
7th  cent.  On  the  way  back  to  Llon- 
goCen  a  divergence  to  rt.  at  about 
i  m.  from  the  abbey  will  bring  tbe 
pedestrian  to  LlantysiUo  (see  poet). 
The  eioursion  may  be  continued  from 
tbe  abbey ,  passing  thebeautif ul  scenery 
of  the  Oemant  Slate  Quarries  and  the 
pasa  of  Bwlch  Khiwfelin  to  JUandegla 
8i  m.  (Crown  Inn),  8J  m,  from  Llan- 
gollen, close  to  tbe  Buthin  and  Wrex- 
ham road.  From  Llandegls,  Llanfaii 
Chapel  (5  m.  W.),  or  Llanaimon  in 
Yale  Ch.  (3  m.  N.),  may  be  visited. 
A  more  interesting  excursion  for  a 
'  >  scale  the  hills  above 


LLANGOLLEN— LLANIDLOES. 


the  ablie;,  following  path  &knie'  the 
esoarptnent  to  Craig  Adeiyn  andOraig 
Forwyn,  locally  Called  "the  World's 
End,  wheoce  a  track  leads  acrosa 
hillB  4  m.  E.  to  Mineral  «',  following 
Buthia  load  1  m.  bejiond  the  abbey,  to 
take  path  1.,  climb  the  difficult  moun- 
tain Mocl-rGsmelin,  31  m.  N.W.  of 
Llangolleii,  wbenca  there  ia  magnt- 
Sceut  view,  retumiog  S.  by  Olea  of 
Bloen  Goran  and  Llantjsilia;  ex- 
amine cb.  of  latter  (restored),  irbich 
has  a  good  old  woodnork  cliftacel-roof 
and  a  email  window  of  old  glass,  and 
orosa  the  ch.-yard,  whence  a  ohanning 
psthwa;  leads  to  the  bridge  orer  the 

A  pleasant  walk  ma;  be  taken  to 
Coraen,  16  m.,  along  bank  of  Dee  by 
the  "  Terraoe-road,"  the  vale  of  Llan- 
tjailio,  and  the  vale  of  Corweu;  Hi 

m.  is  the  Berwya  Jttn,  convenient 
qnaitera  for  tlie  angler.  Observe 
':.  &e  tumuluH  called  Owain 


Glyndwr's  Mount;  14  m.,  on  oppost 
bank  of  Dee,  U  ptettr  Tillage  of  Xlan- 
inlffraid.    A  lovely  drive  may  be 


taken  down  vale  of  Llangollen  ._ . 
duct  at  PoutcysyUtan,  about  5  m.  (see 
also  Raabon^,  ri^tuniinj;  by  the  Ruabon 
road.  A  channiug  nalk  may  be  takoQ 
ovf-r  liillB  at  back  of  the  town  to  little 
village  of  G/i/n  Celriog  (about  4  ni.). 
Chirk  Castle  and  Park,  about  7  m., 
may  be  visited  either  irid  Chirk  Stat., 
or  by  toad  (aeo  Chirk) ;  and  Wynn- 
atay  Park,  via  Buaboa  Stat.  6  m.  (see 
KuaboH). 

Dittancee. — Wrexham,  II  m.,  37 
min.  by  rail;  Kuabon,  S  m.,  25min. 
by  raU ;  Ruthin,  15  m.,  1  hr.  10  min. 
by  rail;  Corwen,  10  m,,  35  min.  by 
rail;  Bala,  22  m.,  1  hr.  by  rail;  Dol- 
gelloy,  2  bra.  by  rail;  Chirk,  10  m.; 
Oswestry,  17  m. 

Llanoobse  Laze,  see  Brecon. 

LiiAtjouHHaB,  see  AbergteUi  and 
CaermarOKn. 

'LLA.vamao,  see  Llanidhet  and  Wye. 

IiLAMavrfAN,  see  Llange/ni. 

LLANOTKKoa,   sea  Bala  and  XIan- 

/*■». 

liLANiOATYN,  BOB  Beaumarit, 
Llanidan,  Bee  Beaumarii  and  Llan- 
gefni. 
IilantdloeB     (Uontgomeiy.), 


Stat. (past  which  theMid-Walea  Rail' 
way  now  roEs  via  Bbayader  (o  Builth. 
Brecon,  and  Llandovery,  tbns  com- 
pleting an  uuinterrupled  chain  of  com- 
munication between  N.  and  S.  Wales), 
232  m.  front  Eustou-aquare  or  Pad- 
diuglon,  via  Welshpool;  2J   his,  by 


object  worth  inspection  is  the  Ch., 
one  of  the  most  unique  and  beautiful 
in  the  Principality. 

Exeurtioni. — Ascent  of  Pli'tUvtrunon. 
Two  rontcB  may  be  taken,  neither  of 
which  should  be  made  without  a 
guide,  owing  to  the  dangerous  btKS 
fliat  exiHt ;  (1)  about  14  m.,  follow  the 
Severn  to  its  source,  and  thence  to  the 
summit ;  (2)  about  13  m.  by  LUmgaTfy 
and  OatleU  D^rya,  Proceeding  S. 
along  bank  of  the  Dulaa  at  6  m., 
la  riAobed  the  viUage  of  Ltangurig, 
charmingly  mtuated  in  valley  of  the 
Wye.  11  m.  beyond  Llangujig  la 
reached  OatteU  Dgffryn,  where  is  k 
forlorn  and  solitary  post-bouse,  and 
whence  the  ascent  may  be  made.  Few 
mountains  repay  the  ascent  so  little, 
considering  its  height  of  2463  ft. ;  it 
consista  really  of  3  mountains,  the 
centre  of  a  large  group  of  subonUnato 
chains.  From  near  the  smnmit  spring 
the  5  rivers  of  the  Eheidol,  the  Llyf 
nant,  a  tributary  of  the  Dyfi,  the  Wye, 
and  the  Severn.  To  MacbynUeUt,  19 
m.  To  Llyn  ISiyr,  3  m.  N.,  about  100 
acres  in  extent,  and  containing  trout, 
perch,  and  pike.  To  NevAoiBa,  14  m. 
i'roceeding  N.B.  at  4}  m.  on  it,  it 
passed  Berlhddu  (Urs.  Broom);  If 
m.  beyond  which  is  the  romaoticallT 
situated  village  of  Lland/inam,  the  (%. 
ot  which  has  siDgnlar  wooden  belfry. 
Hence  may  be  made  the  ascent  to  the 
British  camp  of  Cefn  Camedd  on  1.  (see 
Newlowii).  From  Llandinan  it  is  3  m. 
to  Moat  Lane  (June),  whence  the 
main  road  continues  5  m.  along  banks 
of  the  Severn  to  Newtown,  while  a 
road  1.  of  1  m.  ttom  same  point  leads 
to  the  celebrated  Roman  station  c€ 
OaerBws(seeW«rtoiwi).  FromCaenws 
■'  6  excursion  may  be  extended,  Om, 

the  villas  of  Como. 

Dittancei. — To  Bhayader,  15  m. — 
old  road  by  Bt.  EarmoD,  12  m,;  to 


AberyetviUh.  30  m.  bj  roail,  3  his.  b; 
mil ;  to  XaahytUleth,  bj  tail  2  hiB. ; 
to  Dimu  Maaddiny,  2  lira. ;  to  ^eus 
tovm,  J  'in. ;  MoirfjomeiT/,  1  hr. ;  to 
WeUhpool,  Hbr.i  to  Oaeeitry,  ^\a%.■, 
to  ^utUA,  Ij  bi.i  to  Brecon.  3  bra. 

lil/ANTTERT,  866  Sf.  ^Utfdl. 

liLANEVBT,  see  Bodmin. 
Llanllbianatj,  Bee  .dmlimA. 
Llanriuiadb,  see  Bulhin. 

IiLAHBHAIAVIt  -  TN  -  MOCUAtfT,       gee 

Bala  and  Omeeitry. 

IiLjUfBHYDD,  Bee  AulAl'n. 

Llanbochwyn,  see  £2anne>f. 

Llanrwst  (Denbigb.),  Stat.  L. 
ft  N.  W.  Rlj.,  237  m.  from  London, 
and  i  hr.  (12  m.)  b^  rail  from  Con- 
way, inns:  'Victoria  Hotel;  Eagle. 
A  small  market  town  in  the  Vale  of 
Conway,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge, 
tlio  ivork  of  Inigo  JoueSg  which  vi- 
brates from  one  end  to  the  other  when 
puahed  in  a  particular  manner ; 
towQ  baa  two  Chmchet,  a  modern 
tnown  a9  the  Engliali  ch.,  and 
older  and  more  intoreBting  one 
Ferp.  date,  with  cliapel  attached,  built 
by  Inigo  Jonea  in  1633,  and  called  the 
Gwydir  chapel ;  ra  the  latlerare  many 
curioQs  monumenta  and  some  good 
carving ;  observe  carved  doorway  and 
Odk  puneUing,  the  reading  deak,  and 
the  roodloft,  Baid  to  have  been  brought 
from  the  Abbey  of  Maecant;  amoug 
the  uoniimenta  are  the  atone  coffin  of 
Llewelyn  ap  lorwortli,  the  stone  effigy 
of  Howell  Coetmore  ap  Gruffydd 
Vychan  ap  Dafydd  (both  these  are  on 
the  floor),  an  engraving  on  brass  of 
Sarah  Wynn  (17th  cent.),  and  other 
membeiB  of  tha  Wynn  family.  There 
is  also  very  singular  pyramidal  varie- 
gated monument  with  enormous  heads 
of  angels.  In  body  of  tlie  ch.  are 
some  panelling  on  a  pew  by  the  vcatry 
and  a  curious  atone  font.  The  inscrip- 
tion to  ■'  G.  Lloyd,"  who  was  sucoes- 
Bivcly  schoolmaster,  lecturer,  nnd 
rector,  may  also  be  noted.  }  m.  from 
the  town,  ecros^i  the  bridge,  is  Gtcydyr 
Jfutue,  the  seat  of  the  late  Lord 
WiUoughby  de  Ereaby,  which,  togo- 
'her  witli  tlio  groonds,  ii  open  to 
visitors.  A  small  part  of  tbe  mansion 
built  by  Sir  John  Wynn.  1555,  stUl 
Biista.    Within,  are  some   fine   old- 


toshioned  roome,  containing  interesting 
furniture  and  oak  earvmg;  also  a 
aoreen  worked  by  Blanr  Queen  of 
Soots. 

£ieur»ion«.— To  Conaay.  12  m.  (1) 
by  rail.  ( 2 )  Proceed  to  Trefriw,  ^  m., 
whence  take  steamer  up  liver ;  (3)  by 
road  on  1.  bank,  which  is  more  coave- 
uient  for  carriages ;  (1)  by  rood  on  rt. 
bank,  which  is  more  picturesque,  but 
not  coDvenient  for  visiting  the  water- 
Sills  (see  Coaviay).  To  Caerhun,  71 
m.  (see  Convmy).  An  exeursion  may 
be  mode  as  follons  to  tlie  foot  of  Car- 
nedd  Llewelyn,  about  II  m.  At  2j  m. 
N.W.  Trefriw :  about  2  m.  further  at 
Dolgamg  the  tonrist  may  diverge  I. 
and  visit  waterfall  on  the  Afon  Ddu, 
river;  returning  to  high  road,  about 
I  m.  beyond  Dolgarreg,  is  the  river 
AJon  Pokhbeyd,  where  also  is  a  water- 
fatl,  held  by  some  to  he  the  fineet  in 
N.  Wales;  continuing  on  L  bank  a 
good  bridle-road  is  gained,  leading  np 
to  lAyn  Eigiav  aud  some  slate  qnnrries 
at  head  of  tbe  glen  just  bencatli 
Carnedd  Lleteelyn,  which  towers  up 
to  the  skies,  formiug  nith  the  lake  a 
most  romantic  scene.  In  the  lake  and 
river  flowing  from  it  there  is  good 
fishing.  If  the  tourist  ohoose  he  may 
ascend  Camedd  Llewelyn  from  this 
point,  and  descending  I.  proceed  to 
Cnpei  Curig  (which  Bee),  or  returning 
to  the  banks  of  tbe  Afou  Ddu  be  may 
continue  along  its  1.  bank  to  Ltyn 
Cowlyd,  a  long  narrow  sheet  of  water, 
from  the  S.  end  of  wliich  a  walk  of 
about  2  m.  over  the  abonlder  of  tbe 
hill  will  bring  him  into  the  Bangor 
road,  1  ra.  from  Capel  Curig.  To  Capel 
Curig  by  (I)  Ttetriw,  about  12  ui,  At 
Tre/Hw,  21  m.  ^f .W.  (law :  Bellevue ; 
Ship),  is  a  pretty  little  waterfall  formed 
by  two  struamfl  issuing  from  Llyn  Cra/- 
7iant  and  Ltyn  Geirioaydd,  21  m.  from 
the  town ;  of  both  of  which  a  fine  view 
may  be  had  from  top  of  Cofn  Cuicad- 
wydil  at  back  of  Trefriw.  The  former 
is  eKtrcmely  picturesque;  the  latter  is 
noted  as  the  abode  of  TaUeein,  the  fiithet 
of  Welsh  poets.    A  monument  has  been 

Ct  up  to  bis  memory  on  the  bank  by 
rd  W.  de  Ereshy.    The  Uttle  ch. 
of  Uanrochwva,  overlooking  Trefriw, 
well  worth  a  visit,     vitaa  Llyn 


272 


LLASBW8T—L0N0  XELFOSD. 


GeirioDydd  the  tourist  ma;  return,  if 
needful,  Rorusa  coaatiy  to  Ltanrwat, 
4  m.  ABoending  the  nass,  paet  the 
head  of  LljiiOeirion;dd,aiid<Ie3ceiid- 
ing  to  Capel  Cnrig,  a  most  splendid 
view  is  gflOoed  of  Mod  Sidbod,  Snoa- 
don,  and  the  Glyden.  From  Capel 
Carig  tha  tonriat  amy  return  by  rude 
Tilli^  of  Llanrochviya  and  the  wood 
of  Oimdyr  to  Lknrwst,  To  Cupel 
Cnrig  by  (2)  Rhaindr-y-Wenol,  10  m. 
At  6}  ID.  U  IChaiadr-7-Wenol  or 
Swallow  Fall,  which  after  rainy  wea- 
ther may  be  considered  the  finest 
cataract  in  Wales  for  breadli  and 
Tolume,  though  not  for  height.  3i  m. 
furtiieronia&pelCurig.  To  Belturt-y- 
Coed  (see),  10  min.  by  rail,  or  by  rt. 
bank  of  river  through  woods  nearly  to 
water's  edge,  4  m.,  passing  1.  Hendre 
and  Oaklandt  (H.  Blackweli,  Esq.) ;  at 
Waterloo  Bridge,  close  to  Bettws,  ascene 
of  rare  beauty  opens  out.  A  pleasant 
pedetirian  exeiiTtion  of  about  IT  m. 
may  be  made  over  beautiful  and  ro- 
mantic country  by  LJangimito  and 
Settu>B-Abergele  to  Abergde ;  or  (2) 
the  tourist  may  proceed  to  Gwytlierin, 
6  ra.  B;  and  thence  by  Llaogemiw, 
and  Llanfair-Talkaiam  (Inn» :  Black 
Lion  H. ;  Harp)  down  the  Elwy  to  8t. 
Amjih ;  or  (3)  ho  may  go  froni  Gwy- 
therin  to  Hamamian  (Jnn;  Saracen's 
Head),  and  theuce  by  Bardd  Arthur 
to  Denbigh. 

DiiUaieei. — Bangor,  25  at.,  IJ  hi. 
by  rail;  Cerrig-n-druidion,  I6i  m.; 
thence  10  m.  lo  Connen  (see). 

Llamsanhan,  see  Abergde. 

LLASBAiNTWBiiD,  See  Llanfj/lUn. 

LLAHexEFHAN,  See  Caermarthen. 

LbANTUONX  Abbet,  See  Aberga- 
veany. 

Llastwit,  see  Cardif. 
Llahttsilio,  see  JMaigefm. 
Llahuwoblltn,  see  Baia. 
Li.ANTAiB-CDUtiWD,  seo  Llangefni. 
iJLisyiBisaBL,  see  BeaamarU, 
LijjrvmANaEL-aENEUR-GLSK,     see 
Aberystim&  and  MachyTiSM. 
Llahwbin,  see  Dinat  Xowddviy. 
Llanystdhdwy,  see  Crtcdeih. 
LiukUQBABNE,  Me  CiMmMirtben. 
I.LECBBHYD,  866  Cardigan. 
Llwinowbil,  see  I>dgelley. 
Xams  Cowum,  see  Ca^l  Carig. 


Llym  Cwku.sk,  see  Btddgelerl. 

Llin  Ooweb,  see  Bangor  and  CapA 
Cnrig. 

Lltn-t-Cae,  BeeIl(%BQ«y. 

LoDOBE,  see  Ke^teiek. 

LONOFOBD  Cabtle,  See  BaUtbury. 

LoNGBOPE,  eee  Glowxeier. 

LoNQ  HouaHTON,  see  AlnvA^. 

LoKOLEAT,  see  Warminttsr. 

X^onir  IHeirord  (Suffolk), 
Stat.,  G.  E.  Rly.,  with  branch  to 
Bnry  {Inm:  Black  Bull;  While 
Bull),  well  deserves  a  Tieit  for  the 
sake  of  its  large  and  beautiful  Ch. 
of  Gu  Holy  Trinity,  152  fL  long, 
41  ft.  high;  cliiofly  Perp.,  of  veiy 
fine  character  (date  1450  to  UM) 
— built  by  subscriptions  of  ridi 
clothiers,  Clopton^  and  others — who 
flourished  here  15th  cent.  It  is 
entirely  oomposad  of  striped  flint  and 
vhite  stone,  except  the  W.  tower, 
which  is  modem  and  of  brick  (1725). 
The  interior  is  very  noble.  A  loflj 
and  nearly  continnoua  derestory  runs 
round  it,  supported  by  elegant  light 
piers,  with  enriched  spandrels.  The. 
canopied  marble  tomb  of  Sir  William 
Cordoll  in  the  chancel  rt.  of  the  altar, 
and  the  ClopUm  Chapel,  N.  aide  of 
the  chancel,  should  be  noticed.  The 
line  wooden  loof  and  the  carved  open 
screen  work,  the  pew  with  carVed 
panels,  the  stoup  and  double  squint, 
near  the  N.  dow,  and  a  curious  bas- 
relief  of  the  Offering  of  the  Wise  Men, 
in  alabaster,  discovered  below  lite 
pavement  and  now  let  into  the  wall 
of  the  N.  aisle,  all  deserve  examina- 
tion. At  the  E.  end  of  the  ch.,  bat 
Juile  distinct  from  it.  is  the  Ladf 
'bapel,  an  elegant  Perp.  structure  c^ 
flint  and  asli^  in  diequeiB.  rather 
later  than  the  oh.  (1496).  It  is  now 
used  as  a  school. 

Kenlwea  Hall  (Capt  Bonce)  lies  I. 
to  the  village.  It  is  a  nearly  nn- 
tooched  Eliiiabethan  houses  built  by 
the  Cloptons,  displaying  a  very  pictu- 
resque arrangement  of  gablee  and 
chimneys,  and  surrounded  by  a  moot 
It  is  approached  by  a  noble  aTeuue  of 
lime-trees,  nearly  a  mile  in  length. 

BoxUd  Sail,  4}  m.  N.W.  of  Long 
Uelford.  has  been  the  seat  of  the 
Foley  fiimily  since  the  leigoot  Bentj 


L0U6BB0S0VaE~L0  DTE. 


IV.  The  praseiit  house  woB  bnilt  b; 
William  Foley,  temp.  Elizabeth.  It 
is  pictm'esquely  situated,  and  is  moated, 
the  anciost  Xiutor  bridge  etill  remain- 
ing.   The  laiiway  from  Melibrd  pto- 


Uiiat 


.,  to*i 


Lavenham  or  Lanekam.  The  Parith 
Ch.of8t.  P«(er  and  81.  Paul  ia  an  nn- 
nauailj  grand  and  noble  ch.  (156  fl. 
long),  with  a  lofty  ctereatery,  and  a 
simple  ma«sivo  toner  (141  ft.  nigh),  the 
finest  in  the  muuly.  with  very  bold 
buttroBses.  Observe  oa  the  outside,  the 
nnrivalled  parapet,  partly  pierced;  the 
panelled  buttresses ;  and  witiiiii,  the 
lofty  proportions  and  rich  ornaments  of 
the  nave,  94  ft,  long  and  68  ft.  wide; 
its  fine  timber  roof,  with  tbe  arms  of 
the  De  Veres  ;  the  Spring  and  Branneh 
Chapels,  built  about  the  beginning  of 
the  16tb  cent,,  tbe  elaborately  carved 
peto  of  the  Spring  fiunily,  at  the  E. 
end  of  the  N.  uslo  (of  late  Perp. 
work) :  Uie  De  Vere  pew  on  the  oppo- 
site side;  the  grotesque  carvings  oF 
the  stalls ;  the  rood-screen,  and  tbe 
screens  which  divide  the  obancel  from 
the  side  chapels,  which,  both  in  desi^ 
and  in  variety  of  detail,  ate  unusually 
excellent ;  and  the  brati  of  Allayoe 
Dister.  clotltier  (1534). 

At  ChelMBorih  (about  6  m.  S.E.  of 
Lavenliam)  Is  a  Vli,  of  some  interest. 
Over  the  chancel  arch  ia  a  mural 
painting  representing  the  Last  Judg- 
ment, discovered  in  1849. 

Melford  is  distant  from  Cambridge 
1  hr.  20  min.  by  railway. 

Long  Newton,  see  8loaklon-oa-Tee». 

LONSBtDOE,  see  PreOoa, 

hooE,  see  ii»fc«(HTi, 

LoBTOH.  see  KetvHek. 

LosTwrTHiBL,  see  8t.  AwML 

Irousrliborongrh  ( Leic. ), 
Slat,  Mid.  Rly.  (_Inni!  Bull's  Head; 
King's  Head),  is  a  small  mann&otur- 
ing  town  of  hosiery  and  bobbinet.  See 
also  the  bell/oundry  of  Messrs.  Taylor 
and  the  loamiotive  faotery  of  Messrs. 
Hughes.  Ail  Sainti  Ch.  is  a  fine 
onicifonn  oh,  restored  by  Seotf. 

Exeartiottg. — 4  m.  W.  to  Sheepi- 
head,  passing  Garendon  Park  (the 
^^aotihil  residence  and  grounds  of 
A.  L.  Fhillipps  da  Lisle,  Esq.), 
amidst  most  piotnteeqne   scenery  on 


the  borders  of  Cliamwood  Forest. 
5  m.  N.  to  CottofJe  CH.  (restoiedX 
which  has  curious  canopied  tomb  out* 


is  well  worth  a  vimt.  About  half-way 
on  the  road  to  it,  Preebeald  Ch.  is 
passed,  which  oontains  some  fine  monu- 
ments to  the  Pftoke  fiuoily, 

Ivonirhtoil  (Essei),  Stat  Gt.  B. 
&  N.  London  Rty.,  12  m.  b«m  London 
(lime:  Crown;  King's  Head;  Stand- 
ard), ia  B  good  phice  from  which  to 
visit  Eppiug  Forest.  Alter  leaving 
the  station,  ascend  York  Hill  towards 
SighBteeh,U  m.  (jRn; King's  Oak) 
where  ia  the  stump  of  King  Harold's 
old  oak — "  the  King's  Oak,"  and  from 
which  veiy  Sne  views  are  obtained. 


Lodge  (see  Chin^iford).  Buckhvrtt 
Mill,  1  m.  nearer  London,  ia  the 
nearest  station,  1}  m.,  for  village  of 
Chigirell  (/nn  ;  King's  Head),  scenery 
of  which  has  been  described  in  'Bar- 
□aby  Budge.'  In  St.  Mary'i  Ch.  is 
monument  to  Thomas  CaleshiU,  died 
1595,  "servant  to  Ed.  VI.,  Q.  Mary, 
and  Q.  Elizabeth;"  and  in  tlie  chan- 
cel the  remarkable  brass  of  Archbp. 
Harsnett,  died  1631.  In  1629  the 
Archbishop  founded  two  free  schools 
here,  whicli  are  sl^ll  flourishing,  and  in 
one  of  which  William  Ponn,  founder 
of  Pennsylvania,  was  educated.  Near 
the  villugo,  1  ra.  E.,  is  ChigaeU  hoa 
(rnns:  Maypole;  Bald  Hind),  Iwrdcring 
on  Epping  and  Hainault  Forests  and 
oommanding  extensive  views  of  tbe 
Kentish  hills,  &c.  The  m(»t  perfect 
fragment  remaining  of  Hainault  Forest 
is  a  bit  of  OnAfree  Wood,  on  rt.  of 
Forest  Gate,  ahout  J  m.  beyond  the 
Maypole.  It  was  from  Buckhurst 
Hill  that  the  tAa^  was  started  at  Hie 
once  &mous  Easter  Hunt.  The  Inns 
along  the  hill-top  commemorate  tbe 
former  glories  of  the  place.  Thoy  are 
the  Soebtick,  noted  for  its  dinners, 
having  a  hall  in  which  500  persons 
can  dine;  the  BaJd  Faeed  Stag;  the 
Beindeer ;  and  the  Warren  Hoate. 

-  (Linc>  Stat  G.  N.  Bly. 


274 


LOUTH~LO  WESTOFT, 


( Jniu  I  Eing'fl  Head  H. ;  Mafiona' 
Anns  H.)  A  fianrishiDg  town,  pleo- 
santlydtnated  on  the  easlera  side  of 
the  Wolds,  15  m.  8.  from  Great 
Otiuubj. 

St  Jamef  Ch.,  Weetgate.  ia  ^  floe 
stmcturo,  irith  b,  tower  mid  spire  riBing 
to  the  height  of  300  feet.  Tbere  JB  a 
beautiful  E.  irindov,  also  rhaneel. 

At  Louth  Parlc.  *  m.  E.  from  the 
town,  are  portions  <A  the  walls  of  an 
citeaaive  Cistercian  abbey  founded  in 
1139,  The  pleasant  watering-place  of 
Mableawrpe  (sec  Alford)  is  16  m.  S.E. 

IiOWestoft,  New  or  South 
(Snffolk).  Stat.,  Gt  Eastern  Bly., 
41   hrs.    from  London,  via  ^gwioh. 

lodgings  in  Cliff  and  Wellington- 
terraces,  Marino  Parade,  and  tile  Es- 
planade. One  of  the  best  and  most 
iigracable  water  in  g-ploces  on  this 
coast.  It  has  fine  sands,  and  the  bath- 
ing is  eieellent.  The  esplanade  ia  a 
broad  raised  terrace,  850  yds.  long. 
The  railway,  in  passing  to  New  Lowe- 
stoft, skirts  thelmnk  of  LaVe  LoOiing, 
now  forming  the  inner  harbour.  The 
artificial  canal  joining  Lake  Lotbing 
to  the  sea  is  crossed  by  an  iron  Stcing 
Bridge.  On  the  right  eitends  the 
Outer  Harbour,  formed  bj  2  vast  Pien, 
Uiat  N.  1800  ft.  long,  that  t*.  1215  ft. 
At  the  ettrpniiticB  are  2  lighthouses. 
The  S.  pier  (a  small  charge  is  made 
for  adoiiesion)  forma  a  »ery  agreeable 
promenade;  iind  has  a  good reading- 

Half-n-miio  N.  is  Old  LouestofL 
Inn*:  Suffolk  Hotel,  near  tho  sta- 
tion ;  Crown.  It  is  situated  on  an 
eminence  above  the  eea,  npon  the 
most  eastern  point  of  land  in  Eng- 
land. The  high  road  traverses  its 
narrow  main  street,  dividtd  by  narrow 
lanes,  locally  called  "scores,"  from 
which  a  number  of  gardens  slope  down 
to  the  Dencf,  a  deserted  bescn  inter- 
vening belvieeii  the  cliff  and  the  sea, 
here  edged  with  a  line  of  sheda  for 
the  curing  of  herrings,  the  fishery  of 
which  forms  the  chief  resourci     "  " 

The  Tomi  SaB,  opened  it  .  , 
contains  a  stained-glasR  window  by 
Ballantine,  which  coat  8001. 


HB]r-a-milaW.ofthetown,BtandiDgr 
lite  alone,  is  the  fine  old  Perp.  Ch.  of 
.  Marnant  (the  keys  am  kept  in 
Lowestoft).  A  number  of  naval  heroes 
are  interred  here.  S.  of  the  town, 
LaJie  Lathing,  OiUion  Broad  (boata 
and  flehing-tackle  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Wherry  Inn,  MntfordBridge), 
and  Hntford  (Cli.  interesting)  are 
within  easy  distance. 

In  OuUon  Ch.  (early  Dec),  3  m.,  ia 
a  large  brau  of  Adam  Bacon,  priest, 
d.  1310;  and  a  smaller  of  Sir  John 
Faatel/e  and  wife  (1445),  both  deserr- 
ing  notice,  especially  the  former. 

'  of  Lowestoft,  the  most  intcreBting' 
excordon  is  to  SamerUyton  BaU  (Lady 
Crosaley),  6  m.  from.  Lowestoft  by  load, 
and  2  m.  from  Somerleyton  Stat. 
Write  to  Lady  CrosaJeyforpermiasion 

The  fine  old  house  was  all  but  pulled 
down  to  erect  the  present  house  of  red 
brick  and  stone.  The  architect  wdb 
John  Thnmat,  sculptor  of  the  statnei 
in  the  New  Houses  of  Parliament 
The  hnnse  is  gorgeous  with  frescoes, 
rich  chimney-pieces,  and  carved  ceil- 
ings. The  gardens  are  well  worth  a 
visit.  Notice  also  one  of  tho  finest 
lime-tree  avenues  in  Engh;ind(450ft. 
long). 

Ij  m.  N.W.  of  Somerleyton  is  Htr- 
Tingjleel.  The  Pnrftft  Ch.  is  Norm., 
witli  later  additions.  It  has  a  round 
tower  noticeable  for  the  windows  in 
its  upper  st^^  Ij  m.  beyond  and 
\i  m,  from  St.  Olavea  June,  FritUm 
village,  with  its  famous  lake,  or  "  De- 
coy"' (application  for  fishing  must  be 
made  at  the  farmhouse,  "E^tou  Old 
Hall,"ofMr.  Pettingill). 

At  1)  m.  from  Lowestoft,  on  the 
Yarmoutli  road,  ia  Gunton,  where  ii 
a  Norm,  Ch.  with  a  round  tower.  In 
this  parish,  in  the  middle  of  the  last 
cent.,  a  manufactory  of  china  was 
established,  but  was  kept  working  for 
a  short  time  only ;  its  productions  are 
rare  and  valuuble.  GorUtlan  Charek, 
li  m.  on  tlie  same  road,  is  interesting ; 
and  2  m.  further  on  Great  YarmouQt 
is  reached  (40  min.  Iiy  direct  railway 
line  from  Lowestofr). 

B.  of  the  town  lies  Pdkefield,  2  m. 
In  the  Ch.,  which  has  a  thatched  roof. 


LOWEaTOFT—LVPLOW. 


275 


are  some  good  braieeB.  Keuinglaad, 
5  in.,  pleaaant  walk  by  the  clifft,  and 
4J  m.  beyond,  pasBing  the  village  of 
Bimaere,  is  Oavehithe,  where  aje  Bplen- 
did  mina  of  its  old  cli.  2}  m.  beyond 
Covehitbe  ia  tlio  pleasantly  situated 
little  fishing-town  and  watenog-place 
of 

Simt}iieoldiInne:  Cit)Va;  Old  Swan; 
Boyal),  10  m.  fiom  i>iirt?Kitn  Stat., 
where  omnibus  meets  trains.  In  the 
town,  the  climate  of  which  is  uniunally 
mild,  is  a  very  handsome  Ferp.  Ch., 
with  a  W.  tower  100  ft  high,  and  a  light 
]antem  over  the  Toof.  It  contains  por- 
tionB  of  cnrioiuly  oarved  stalls,  and  of 
ft  splendid  roodloft.  The  8.  poroh  ia 
elegant  and  highly  enriched.  Bouth- 
wold  Bay,  better  known  as  SoMlay, 
was,  in  1672,  the  scene  of  the  great 
fight  between  the  allied  English  and 
K^noli  fleets  and  tiie  Dutch  fleets. 

At  BlylMmrgk,  on  the  road  from 
goutbwofd  to  Darshiuii,  there  is  a  very 
handsome  and  nnifintn  Fei^.  Church, 
well    deserving   notice.      The    little 


Low  Ham,  see  Langport. 

ZiDwiOK,  see  Thraptione. 

IjOwhoob,  see  Bradford, 

LowTHEB  Oastlk,  sefl  PertrSh. 

IiOWwooD  Hotel,  see  Wmdenaere. 

JLnaiow  (Salop),  Stat.,  Shrews, 
and  Hereford.  Bly.  (Jnna ;  Feathers, 
a  cnrions  old-fashioned  timber  boose ; 
Angel),  U  a  Shropshire  border  town, 
well  worth  visitiDg.  The  situation  is 
most  pictnraeque,  on  the  rocky  banks 
of  the  Teme,  which  winda  round  the 
castle-walls  a  little  below  its  junction 
with  the  Oorve.  At  the  top  of  .the  hill 
is  the  noble  Perp.  Ch.  of  8t  Lawrence, 
restored  1860  by  Scott.  It  is  cruciform, 
vith  a  superb  tower  rising  from  the 
intersection.  The  principtJ  points  of 
interest  ore  the  8.  porch,  restored  ' 
Lord  Boyoe ;  the  view  from  the 
door,  looking  E. ;  the  oak  nof  orna- 
mented with  gilt  bwaeB ;  the  W.  win- 
dow, which  is  modem,  but  fllled  with 
stained  glass,  with  portraits  of  persons 
connected  with  the  early  history  of 
iiudlow ;  the  B.  window,  the  gift  of 
Spoffoid,  Bp.  of  Hereford,  in  1421, 
which  represenls  the  Martyrdom  of  "' 


Lawrence,  and  is  in  €5  compartments. 
Notioe  especially  the  7th  comportment^ 
in  which  the  idols  are  represented  as 
falling  to  pieces  in  his  presence.  The 
stone  reredos  was  restored  by  the  last 
Lord  Dimgannon.  Wonumenfa  .•  (a) 
In  choir.  Chief  Justice  WaHer  and  w^e, 
1592.    (b)  Wife  and  daughter  of  Sir 


choir,  to  Sir  J.  Brydgeman,  Chief 
Justice  of  Cheshire,  There  is  some 
very  old  glass  in  this  chapeh  (d)  In 
S.  transept  to  Dome  Eyre,  wife  of  Lord 
E.,  President  of  tlie  Slarchee.  In  the 
ch..yard.  see  the  lovelv  view  np  the 
vales  of  Onny  and  dorve,  and  the 
Beadet't  Boiue,  1616.  A  few  minutes' 
walk  brings  the  visitor  to  the  Cattle 
(a  fee  is  expected,  generally  6d.), 
erected  in  the  12th  cent.  Here  Edw. 
IV.  lived,  and  Arthur  P.  of  TTaleB 
(son  ofHen.TU.^  died  in  1502.  Here 
also  was  the  retddonoe  of  the  Lords 
President  of  Walea,  who  held  hero 
their  Courts  of  the  Marches.  Here 
Chas.  L  was  entertained,  and  Milton 
wrote  and  acted  the  '  Masque  of  Oomus' 
ia  1634.  Here  also  Sam.  Butler  wrote 
his  'Hudibtas,*  in  a  room  over  tha 
gateway.  The  visitor  enters  &am  the 
a.  into  the  large  outer  court  or  bailey 
which  is  used  by  Ihe  Teme  Archers. 
A  bridge  of  2  arches  is  crossed  to 
the  inner  oonrt,  the  gatevrajr  to 
which  was  built  I:?  Sir  H.  Sidney 
of  Penshurst  In  the  16th  cent.  To 
rt.  on  entnmce  are  remains  of  the 
Norm,  circular  Ghap^  with  mouldings 
and  blocked  Norm,  arcades.  On  the 
E.  aide  of  the  court  are  the  Stale 
Boima,  built  by  Eoger  de  Mortimer, 


mus'  was  performed  by  the  children  of 
the  Earl  of  Bridgewater,  163*.  At  the 
N,W.,  commanding  a  superb  view,  is 
the  Keep  tower,  with  the  well  and  the 
dungeon,  the  forepart  of  which,  onca 
a  clmpel,  contains  Norm.  work.  Lud- 
low is  ^together  one  of  the  most  In- 
teresting castles  in  England.  Close  to 
the  outer  gateway  is  the  JIfuaevfn,  con- 
taining a  fine  collection  of  Silurian 
fossils,  for  which  the  neighbourhood 
is  celebrated.  Descend  Broad-street, 
T  2 


278 


LVDLOW—LTDNBT. 


jutaang  nnder  ihe  only  nne  of  the 
gates  left,  and  otobb  tbe  river  by  the 
very  ancient  bridge  to  Ladford,  a  [ac- 
tniesqne  old  hell,  which  ODoe  formed 
part  of  the  Hospital  of  Bt.  John,  13th 
cent.  The  Gh.  hae  the  effigy  of  ="- 
Job  Charlton,  Speaker,  in  16M5. 

ExBiiTtiont.—ia)  Over  tbe  besatiful 
hill  of  Mary  ^tioll,  and  on  to  tl^e 
summit  of  tbe  Vignalt,  about  4  m., 
(Vom  whence  tlie  view  over  tlie  Welsh 
hills  to  S.  and  W.,  and  the  N.  Shrop- 
shire hilts  to  N„  U  one  of  tbe  moat 
extensive  in  the  county.  Immediately 
under  tbe  hill,  looking  towards  Lud- 
low, is  the  wooded  valley  of  Hay 
Park,  where  the  Earl  o(  Bridge- 
water's  children  lost  themselves,  and 
(Cave  occasion  to  Milton  to  write  'Co- 
mus.'  At  the  B.  ead  is  Bickard'i 
Caitle,  B,  soan^  ruin  in  a,  deep  dingle. 
(i)  5  m.  W.  to  Doimton,  overlooking 
tbe  valley  of  the  Teme,  Follow  it  up 
H  m.  further,  through  most  lovely 
scenery  to  DtnetUon  Cattle  (A,  B. 
Boughlon  Knigiit,  Esq.),  which  con- 
tains some  fbiB  pictures,  not  usually 
shown.  The  gardens  and  river  walks 
on  Tuesday  and  Friday.  The  romantic 
walks  abound  with  an  almost  endless 
variety  of  feme.  From  hence  the  tour- 
ist may  proceed  to  Hoplon  Heath  Stat., 
passing  thrcngb,  2}  m.,  LeinluxiTdiae, 
at  junction  of  Teme  with  Clnu.  Tbe 
Bed  Lion  Jnn,  much  frequenl«d  by 
anglers,  who  pay  to  tbe  landlord  a 
small  fee  for  nahing  for  grayling  and 
trout  in  preEervod  waters,  (c)  to  CUe 
Sm,  5  m.  (see),  (rf)  to  fiiannton 
Lacey  Gh.,  2$  m.  N.,  supposed  to  be 
older  than  Qia  Conqueet,  and  contain- 
ing Bomsnesque  wo^  Bromjield  Ch., 
near  Ludlow,  is  tbe  relic  of  an  old 
Priory  for  Benedictines  (12th  cent.), 
and  1^  some  Norm,  details.  On  the 
S.  side  are  some  buildings,  which  once 
formed  part  of  the  old  fonvent.  The 
Old  Bed  of  the  Lndlow  district  is  of 
great  interest  to  the  geologist. 

LcLLraoKiN,  ace  Frtnae. 

LnLWOBTH,  see  Steanage. 

LciiLE¥CASTi.S,seoCTe<(er-fc-S(reet. 

LcsDT  Island,  ace  Bideford. 

Lnsn^iaH.  see  Bovey  Tracey  and 
itforefon  Hampttead. 

--' — I   (Beds.).  Stats.  Midland 


and  G.  N.  Blys.  Inn :  The  George. 
This  is  a  laree,  scattered,  and  inereoB- 
ing  town.  Tbe  chief  trade  of  Ihe  plane 
is  the  sale  of  straw  bats  and  bonnets, 
the  plait  for  which  is  made  in  tbe  neigh- 
bouring villages.  The  Ch.,  perhaps 
the  most  important  and  interesting  in 
the  county,  Btonda  near  the  station.  The 
especial  teaturea  of  the  interior  are 
the  baptistery  or  tabemncled  covering 
round  and  above  tlie  fonl.  in  8.  trans., 
and  the  double  areh  between  tb  e  chancel 
andthechapeloftheN-transept,  Much 
of  the  Dto.  work  in  the  nave  and 
aiglos  is  exceedingly  good. 

The  Fliut  HaiU  (in  Cheap-street) 
are  large  oj)ea  markets,  with  walls  li 
briclc,  and  ridged  roots  glazed.  Wooden 
counters  are  arranged  in  them,  anil 
round  3  sides  are  distinct  shops  let  to 
various  dealers  in  the  trade.  The  mar- 
ket opens  on  Mondays  ac  9  a.u.,  when 
nearly  2000  persons  assemble. 

One  of  the  best  views  of  the  town  is 
f^m  Uie  hill  above  the  cemetery,  W. 
of  the  church, 

Saventbargh  Caille,  at  Hexion,  S  m. 
N,.  and  5  m.  W.  of  Hitcbin,  is  au  oval 
camp,  containing  about  12  acres,  with 
a  double  vallum  on  the  W.,  E,,  and 
S. ;  and  a  triple,  N.  Wayling  Ball  ia 
the  name  of  tbe  adjacent  bill,  tho 
highest  in  the  neighbourhood. 

I.Utt«i-n'Ortll  (Leic)— 3  m. 
S,B,  from  UUesthorpe  SlaL,  Midland 
Rly.,  and  about  S  m.  W,  from  Welford 
Stat,  <Kugby  line).  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely. 
(Inn.-  Denbigh  Arms) — ia  a  little  town 
jileosontty  situated  on  a  liill  overlook- 
ing the  Swift,  a  tributary  of  the  Avon. 
John  Wickliffe  wbs  rector.  1375-81. 
and  his  pulpit,  table,  gown,  commu- 
nion-cloth, andan  alto-relievo  by  Wect- 
nacott,  are  kept  in  the  church. 

LcxiaUH,  flee  St.  AwleO. 

Lydbrooe,  see  Wye. 

LiDUBD  TRE007,  tee  Stcindon. 

LroiATlt,  see  Ormikirk, 
I.ydner  (GlouceflL)-Stat.,G.W. 
Rly,  (Jnn ;  Feafhers)— is  a  long  strag- 
gling place,  and  a  port  on  Ibe  Severn, 
"th  a  trade  in  ooni,  iron,  and  timber. 

saerve  large  grey  forest  stone  croaaiii 
village,  lilh-cent.  work.  Lydney  Park 
(Rev,  W.  H.  Bathnrst)  inoludes  within 
ita  limits  the  site  of  an  important 


LYME  BEGIS—LTMINQTOH. 


the  a 


1  the 


mansioD.  Two  campn,  oveilooking  the 
8«veTD,  mark  ths  aite  as  a  ilrBt-clasB 
military  station.  Coach  runs  twice  a 
day  to  Cole/ord,  R  in. 

I.YD8TEP,  see  Teaby. 

I^yme  Retriit  (Dotset).  Om- 
nibus S  times  dnily  from  Axminiter 
6taL  (L.  *  B.  W.  Bly.),  5  m.,  pafleiog 
at  4  m.  the  pretty  village  of  Vplyme, 
Jims:  TlireeOupa;  Golden  Lion.  This 
town  is  situated  in  a  most  romantic 

EoaitioD  at  the  Coot  of  the  bille,  beiog 
uilt  in  the  hollow  and  on  the  Elopes 
of  a  deep  combe,  through  which  floHS 
the  small  Btream  of  the  Lyra  to  the 
sen.  It  is  well  supplied  with  ahopB, 
and  the  hotels  and  lodging-houses  are 
good.  It  is  seated  on  a  grand  coast, 
which  rises  E.  in  the  blackest  preci- 
pices, and  W.  Id  broken  crags,  thickly 
mantled  with  wood.  It  is  well  shel- 
tered from  the  N.  and  E.  winds,  so 
that  the  climate  is  very  mild  during 
the  winter:  and  it  is  at  all  times  ex- 
ceedingly healthy.  The  neighbourhood 
abounds  in  beauty  and  interest.  The 
bathing  is  good  and  the  sands  pleasant, 
and  the  force  of  the  sea  is  broken  by 
the  Cobb  (j»/ra). 

The  Church  (St.  Michael),  which 
has  been  well  restored,  is  a  Perp. 
building  of  some  merit,  standing  W^' 
ouely  near  the  edge  of  the  onimbling 
cliff. 

The  Cobb,  or  pier,  was  probably  first 
constructed  in  the  reign  of  Bdw.  I.  It 
has  been  frequently  washed  away  and 
restored  at  a  great  price.  It  is  a  semi- 
circnlar  structure  of  great  strength, 
the  thick  outer  wall  rismg  high  above 
the  roadway,  so  as  to  protect  it  from 
the  wind  and  sea.  The  length  is 
1 179  R.,  and  its  extreme  breadth  35  ft. 
The  view  from  this  pier  is  extremely 
beautifhl,  extendiug  across  the  West 
Bay  to  Portland.  Close  at  hand  are 
hills  whose  bleak  bare  fronts  descend 
in  precipices  to  the  sea,  tier  upon 
tier.  The  most  remarkable  of  these 
is  Galden  Cap.  Above  the  town  rises 
Bhodehom,  its  summit  pierced  by  the 
catting  of  Neic  Panose,  sometimes 
called  the   DeviFi  Bellow).    To  the 


(Inni :  Coach  and 
Horses  ;  Oeorge),  about  1}  m.  E.,  is  a 
charming  vill^  and  watering-place, 
in  a  lovely  aitnatioD.  with  a  epriidiling 
of  villas.  It  eonsisia  of  one  long 
street,  or  rather  road,  situated  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Char.  The  road 
frnm  Lyme  skirts  the  slope  of  a  great 
1) ill-crescent,  from  which  there  is  a 
beautiful  view  of  Lyme  for  below  on 
the  margin  of  the  sea.  One  on  foot 
may  shorten  the  distance  by  a  field- 
path  which  runs  from  the  Cemetery,  a 
pretty  spot  on  the  outskirts  of  the 
toicn.  The  visitor  ma;  also  reach 
Chaimouth  by  the  sands,  when  the 
tide  permits.  Amongst  the  walks  in 
the  neighbonrhood  mav  be  mentioned : 
to  the  Undrrclif,  W.  of  the  town.  The 
path  proceeds  through  Holmbush-fleld, 
commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  coast, 
and  then  runs  for  about  a  mile  along 
the  broken  ground  as  far  as  PinAay 

To  Stiddle  MSI,  about  a  roilo  op  the 
combe,  at  the  back  of  tlie  town. 

The  DoaUmda  Landilip  is  rather 
more  dist&nt.  Take  the  hine  to  Doa- 
lorufs  FaTm,S  m.,  wheie  a  ticket, price 
Gd;  must  be  obUJned ;  after  which  you 
are  allowed  to  proceed  along  a  cart-road 
down  the  cliff.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
extent  of  ground  it  devastated,  and  for 
the  wild  soeue  it  created.  It  occurred 
at  Chiishnas,  1839,  over  an  area  of  10 
acres  of  good  land,  which  hos  been 
lost  for  evertocultivation.  Anoiobard 
was  roughly  transplanted,  and  2  cot- 
tages moved  bodily  and  deposited  with 
shattereil  walls  at  a  lower  level.  The 
Snest  views  are  to  he  obtained  from 
the  brink  of  the  cliffs  overhanging  tho 
landslip,  from  the  cottage,  &om  the 
knolls  near  the  sea,  and  from  the  E. 
end  of  the  great  chaato,  which  is  situ-, 
ated  jnst  W.  of  the  mural  precipice. 

Ford  Abba/,  10  in.  N.,  may  be  made 
the  object  ofan  excursion  from  Lyme. 
(See  Chard.)  Steamers  from  Weyniouth 
occasiooally  in  summer  time  to  Lyme. 

IiymiDIEton  (Hants.),  Stat., 
L.  &  a  W.  my.,  94  m.  from  London. 
Bteamer  daily,  in  connection  with  the 
railway,  to  Yarmovlh  (Isle  of  Wight — 


27s 


L7NDmniST-LTllS. 


»ee).  JtHM.- Angel;  Nag'sHead.  Ex- 
flunfoiig.— (a)  To  SeatiLUu  Jbbey,  7  m. 
(see  SmOhamptoK).  (b)  To  Chritt- 
ehurdt,  12  m.  bj  road ;  b;  ebore  from 
Keghaven,  i  m.  W.,  it  is  2  m.  more. 
The  Ch.  of  Milford.  1  m.  W.  ot  Key- 
bavea,  and  2  m.  S.  of  nutin  road,  ia 
worth  a  visit  (e)  To  Brockenharil 
(the  Juno.  Stat  for  Lytoington),  5  m. 
in  road  or  tiuli  but  the  fbnuer,  p&st 
Boldre  and  its  cb.  Bad  a  pleHsaot 
port  of  the  New  Forest,  is  lo  be  pte- 
ferred.  There  ia  a  capital  pike-pond 
at  Sowley,  4  m.  from  Ljmington. 
Ltmhs,  see  Sythe. 
Lthtstonb,  sea  Exmoulh. 
Xjyndtannst  (Hanta.).  Omtti- 
bnaea  meet  bains  at  LyndfauTst-road 
Stat  (L.  Si  S.  W,  Rly,  20  min,  ride  W 
roil  from  Sonthampton),  21  m.  S.W. 
thtough  the  Forest  inn:  'Grown. 
This  town,  the  capital  of  the  New 
Forest,  is  a  foronrite  rsaolt  of  Enmmei 
visitora.  The  neighbourhood  is  IHUlof  in- 
terest for  the  entoiooloeiat  and  hoUmat ; 
and  the  tourist  will  find  the  town  an  ex- 
celleot  centra  forwoBa  and  eccureum*. 
The  New  Forest  is  eatitnated  to  con- 
tain about  GOfiOO  acres,  half  of  which 
ia  private  piopeity.  Tha  Queen' iIIoMe, 
built  temp.  Cbtia.  II.,  and  now  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Depu^  Surveyor  of  the 
foreat  conl^na  m  the  hall  (the  "-'" 
part  shown  to  BtrangerB)  Rufus's 
tup  (?).  Iq  tlie  modem  GL  of  brick, 
with  white  spire,  designed  by  Mr  .White, 
in  very  good  Gothic,  obaervo  thcflowcr- 
carvlug  of  the  capitals,  several  mooa- 
ments,  one  by  Flaimsn,  and  the 
magnificent  fresco  by,  sjid  the  gill  of, 
F.  Leighton,  H.A.  (ft  native),  repre- 
sontiag  the  Parable  of  the  Ten  Virgina. 
ExcttTfioai. — (a)  A  drive  of  about 
12  m.  from  this  will  include  some  of 
the  fineat  acenea  in  the  New  Forest,  by 
Miii»tead,  1  m,  N. ;  thence  byMalwood 
Cattle  to  S((meyCrae<(lanch  at  Complon 
Arma  Inn),  3  m.  In  the  hollow, 
the  N.  aide  of  the  road,  about  J 
£!.  of  the  inn,  is  the  stone  which 
marka  the  deatii-spot  of  Wm.  Rofus. 
A  Uttle  to  the  N.  and  W.  of  JitiW* 
Stone  are  the  Braoklesham  Beds, 
known  lo  geologists  for  their  beau- 
tiful tertiary  fc^tls.  From  Stoney 
Cross  MioT?  the  toad  to  Singtcood  fui 


-  — ;    tum   1.  thnrngii  Boldrmeood, 

where  are  the  largest  old  trees  in  the 
Foteet  and  a  young  flowering  Pjn«- 
baa,  of  the  newest  conifers.  Betnra 
to  Lyndhurat  along  Cbristchuroh  road 
—by  CuffneUa,  9  m.  (6)  Take  train  to 
Brockenkaret  June,,  7§  m.,  and  walk 
fh>m  there  by  Beautieu  Abbey,  5  m.,  or 
continue  by  tail  to  I/ijminglon,  5  m. 
LtnhOuth,  see  Lyntan. 

I.ynn,  K.in8:'M  (Norfolk).  SUt, 
G.  E.  BIy,  Ituu:  *Globe:  Duke's 
Head ;  Crown ;  'Cozeu'a  Temperance 
Hotel.  Tliia  town,of  thirdimporiance 
in  Norfolk,  stands  near  tbe  mouth  of 
the  Great  Ouse.  It  is  about  4  m. 
from  the  outfall  of  the  river,  and  10  m. 
from  the  open  sea,  called  Lynn  Deops  ; 
the  intervening  space,  or  "  wash," 
being  occupied  by  vast  saad  oud  taud 
banks,  through  which  a.  new  and  direct 
channel  has  been  constructed.  4  m. 
long,  as  well  as  a  new  dock  ("  Alex- 
andra ")  of  6i  acres,  to  which  vessels 
of  aboat  30UO  tous  can  obtain  access 
at  any  high  tide.  Of  the  ancient 
prosperity  luid  importance  of  the  place 
tlieie  are  many  traces.  Bemains  of 
the  town-wall  and  gates;  two  fine 
churches ;  portioua  of  monastic  and 
other  buildings;  a  quaint  town-lift!1, 
and  a,  custom-liouse  "  that  might  bavo 
been  imported  tyidily  from  Flaoders,'' 
all  indicate  the  day  whea  ships  from 
Flanders,  and  from  the  Hanse  Towns 
of  the  Baltic,  found  their  way  to  Lynn. 
A  tileer-gilt  cup  and  (tmrd,  said  to 
have  been  the  gift  of  King  John,  are 
still  carefully  preserved  in  the  custody 
of  the  loayra.  Here  ia  also  the  ^Sed 
Book  of  I/yim'  said  to  be  tbe  moat 
ancient  paper  book  in  existence. 

The  principal  objects  of  interest 
may  be  visited  in  the  following  walk. 
Storting   from   the  Tuesday  market- 

Slace,  walk  np  Black  Goose-strcet  to 
t  Nicholas*  Chapel  and  bock ;  by 
Queen-street  to  the  Guildhall  and  St. 
Margaret's  Choroh ;  thence,  passing 
by  Grey  Friars  Steeple,  traverse  Uie 
Mall  to  Bed  Mount  Chapel.  St.  Xar- 
garefa  (partially  restored),  the  prin- 
cipal Ch.,  is  said  to  have  been  built 
(1091-1119)  by  Bishop  Herbert  Lo- 
singo.  Portions  of  tlie  W.  front  and 
N.  tower  may  possibly  be  of  his  time. 


The  nave  was  rebuUt  in  1742.  Tho 
£>.  vindow  deserves  apeoml  attention. 
There  ia  some  fine  stall-irock,  temp. 
lidward  IIL,  and  within  tbe  altai- 
rails  2  of  the  finest  and  largest  monn- 
mental  braatei  known. 

Close  to  St.  Margaret's  CbnicbiB  the 
GaildhaU,  a  Gothic  building  of  tho 
time  of  Elizabeth,  quaint  and  pic- 
turesque, remarkable  for  its  front  of 
bliuik  Suit  and  white  stone. 

8t  Nieliolat,  the  aacond  cb.  in  Lynn, 
ia  a  chapel  dependent  on  St.  Mar- 
garet's, erected  towards  tbe  end  of  the 
14th  cent.  The  tracery  of  tbe  aisle- 
windows  and  of  the  cleieatory  is  very 
rich  and  peculiar.  A  new  and  very 
benutifol  altar-frontal  deserves  special 
notice.  Tlie  rich  W.  door,  as  well  as 
the  S.  porch,  should  be  remarked. 

The  Grey  Frinri  Steeple  is  tbe  sole 
remaining  fragment  of  the  cb.  of  tho 
Franciscan  convent.  It  consists  of  a 
lantern  tower  90  ft.  high.  Nearly  op- 
posite ia  the  Orammar  St^iool,  Near 
the  railway  terminus  begins  the  Pjiblia 
Walh  or  Mali,  an  avenue  of  trees;  run- 
ning for  some  way  parallel  with  the 
old  ioirn  leallt,  port  of  which  le- 
niEun.  The  walk  leads  up  to  tho  C/iopel 
of  the  Bed  MouiU,  a  small  stone  build- 
ing 3  storeya  high.  Tlio  chapel  on  the 
tipper  floor  is  a  very  beautiful  speci- 
men of  rich  Perp.  omanienl,  the  de- 
tails of  which  deserve  attention,  though 
now  sadly  mutilated.  The  Sowlh  Gaie 
(about  1437),  facing  tbe  Esk  rivulet, 
is  the  only  ancient  entrance  to  tbe 
town  now  remaining. 

There  are  several  very  pleasant  walks 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  tlie  town,  such 
as  The  Chase,  Conslilulion  Sill,  and 
Goodwin'a  Fidde.  Many  visitors  drive 
(hire  carriage  at  the  Globe  Hotel)  to 
Sandriughara  (post).  They  are  always 
at  liberty  In  inspect  tbe  diurch,  infant 
Prince's  tomb,  &c.  The  "Spindrift" 
ateamor  makes  occasional  trips  to  the 
Lynn  Deeps,  Hunstanton,  St  Bd- 
mund's,  Boston,  &o.  Stcsniera,  carry- 
ing passengers  and  cargo,  proceed 
neekfy  to  Hambu^,  Hull,  Newcastle, 
and  Grangemouth. 

About  1  m.  rt.  of  Narborougb  Stat. 
(8}  m.  &om  Lynn)  ia  Narford  Hall 
(Andrew  Fotmtaine,  Esq.X  a   plain. 


substantial  mansion,  in  a  park  abound- 
ing with  fine  treea.  It  ia  remarkable 
for  the  collections  of  ptdntings,  books, 
HSS.,  sculptures,  enamels,  gems,  ivo- 
ries, pottery,  ooina,  bronzes,  &c.,  which 
it  contains,  of  inappreciBble  value,  and 
so  numerous  as  to  defy  description. 
Tho  collection  was  originally  formed 
by  Sir  Andrew  Fouutainc,  chamber- 
lain to  Caroline,  Queen  of  Geo.  II. 
The  most  important  collectiona,  how- 


The  vufjolica  is  quit«  uneqnii 

this  country,  and  ia  surpassed  by 
only  one  or  two  collections  in  the 
world.  Tbe  bouse  ia  not  iliown  with- 
out an  express  order  from  the  pro- 
prietor. 

At  some  little  distance  from  tho 
TernogUm  Stat.  (G.  N.  Ely),  64  m. 
from  Lynn,  ia  the  m^;nificent  Perp. 
CkuTch  of  TerringUm  St.  Clement'i.  It 
is  of  unusual  size,  of  massive  con- 
struction, uid  ricjily  decorated.  It 
consists  of  nave  with  aisles,  central 
lantern,  short  transepts,  chancel,  and 
detached  tower  at  W.  end  of  N.  aisle. 

li  m.  S.W,  tiom  Terrington  Stat, 
is  tho  CkuTch  of  Tilney  AR  Sairtte. 
This  is  a  very  fine  Norm,  and  Trans, 
ch.,  and  the  effect  on  entering  at  tho 
W.  door  is  most  striking.  It  has  been 
restored  witli  much  judgment.  In  the 
ch.-yd.  are  many  fine  and  picturesqne 
ash-treea. 

6}  m.  from  Lynn,  on  the  same  line  of 
railway,  is  IFalpaJe  St,  Feter't,  a  pretty 


a  of  ti 


It  p 


e  finest  Pem.  chnrcbes 
in  Norfolk.  Tbe  S.  porch  is  a  fine 
example  of  this  style.  Within,  tbe 
light  open  screen-work  of  wood  and 
the  seats  with  open  backa  deserve 
notice.  The  chancel,  much  raised 
above  tbe  nave,  is  a  lanthom  of  glass ; 
tbe  space  between  the  windows  is 
occupied  Idj  fine  and  large  niches. 

U  m.  from  tbe  Norlk  Wootton  Stat. 
(G.  E.  Ely.),  3m.  from  Lynn,  is  duOe 
Biting,  ve^  picturesque,  and  a  most 
interesting  place  to  tho  archceologiat^ 
and  cert^nly  the  finest  exampb  in 
Norfolk  of  a  mediEeval  stronghold 


280 


LTNN—LTIfTOl}. 


The  gi«at  Norm,  tower  standi  in  the 
ceotte  of  a  ballium,  or  eoolosnre  shot 
in  bv  high  monuds,  the  rem&itui  of 
fortitlcatioiis  oldor  than  the  caetlo. 
Withoat  the  central  enclosing  moniid 
is  B,  deep  fosae,  covered  with  bruiah- 
wood,  from  which  riui  some  ma^i- 
fioent  ash- trees.  A  stone  bridge 
crosses  this  ft*se,  and  gives  Bdmisaion, 
through  B  moalderiDg  and  shspelaas 
gateway,  to  the  inner  bailey.  There 
is  a  very  fioe  view  from  Uia  top  of 
the  keep  and  from  the  castle  moands. 
Close  below  is  iseen  the  EaU  (Hod. 
Mrs.  Howard)  and  the  CftunA,  nest- 
ling among  Tery  fine  trees.  The  ch. 
is  a  yer7  fiite  example  of  rich  lal» 
Korm.  work.  It  has  been  restored  by 
tialTin.  W.  of  the  oh.  extends  the 
village  green,  with  a  cross  on  steps  (a 
^^^^t.r.„-\  i„  11.=  -centre. 

1  Btai  (6  I 


parts  the  conntry  is  very  wild,  but 
there  is  also  much  rich  meadow  and 
pasture,  as  well  as  wood  and  salt- 
marshes.  A  district  o(  about  7000 
acres,  iucludiog  several  neighbouring 
parishes,  was  purchased  by  the  Prince 
of  the  Hon,  C.  Spencer  Cowpor  for 
220.000Z.  Admission  to  the  park  and 
grounds  is  only  given  when  the  house 
is  unoccupied.  For  leave  apply 
£.  Beck,  Esq.,  West  Newton.  1 
well-known  Norwich  Gala  stand  at 
the  principal  entrance. 

Siimlaatoa  is  {  hr.  distant  by  rul- 
way  from  Lynn. 

Moaglilon  (Marquis  of  Oholmondeley , 
who  inherits  it  Ihmi  the  Walpoles)  is 
13  m.  by  road.  No  mil,way  passes  neat 
it.     See  Fdkeniiam. 

tjjmtom  and  liynmoutli 
(Devon.)  are  situated  on  the  outskirts 
of  Bimoor,  amidst  the  most  dbarmiug 
scenery.  Lynton  is  on  high  tit^und, 
cominanding  a  fine  view  of  the 
and  of  the  dark  ridgee  of  Eimc 
Lynnioath  is  iealed  at  the  month  of 
the  noisy  torrents  the  E.  and  W,  Lyn, 
which  unite  close  to  the  sea,  and  is 
shut  in  by  a  precipice  called  Lyn  Cliff 
and  flr-dad  heights— a  mine  charming 
and  lomantio   spot  it  is  diSoult  ' 


imagine. 


»  fortnight  may 


well  be  passed  at  either  of  these  places. 
The  Valley  of  Books  Hotel,  and  tba 
Boyal  Castle  Hotel,  at  Xifatoa,  and. 
the  Lyndale  Hotel,  at  Lynmoutb,  btq 
all  good.  The  route  from  this  point 
to  Hartland  (see  Bideford),  by  Comba 
Martin  (poil),  llfTaamiht,  and  CUt- 
velly  (see  Bideford),  embraoee  tb« 
whole  of  the  grand  coast  scenerjr  of 
N.  Devon.  Lynton  and  Lynmoath 
may  be  conveniently  reached  from  (a) 
Bristol,  vi£  Portishead,  by  steamer, 
which  keeps  close  to  the  Somerset  and 
Devon  owst,  aud  on  its  way  to  Ilfts- 
combe  drops  passengers  at  Lvnmontb : 
the  voyage  is  very  delightful  in  BOm- 
mer  Bind  autumn  months ;  frCHn  S/ra- 
c/ntibe  (20  m.) ;  (b)  Bomsfapls,  through 
Paracorabe,  about  20  m. ;  or  (e)  by  train 
from  Taunton  to  Walchet  or  Hine- 
head,  thence  by  ccach  through  Poi^ 
lock.  The  distance  ftom  WaleUt 
(Inn:  Mossman's)  to  Lynmouth  ia 
24  m.  Or  the  tourist  may  halt  at 
WHlibm  ('Dunn's  Hotel)  and  take 
the  coach  to  Xiynton  Ti&  Blna  Anchor, 
2  m.  QargB  and  comfbrtable  I'm), 
a  small  watering-place,  commanding 
a  beautiful  view;  Daruter,  Si  m. 
beyond  (inn :  Luttrell  Arms,  a  1 6th- 
cent  house)— flee  Bridgeaaler — Mine- 
head,  21  m.  (Inn.:  Puke  of  Wel- 
lington; Feathers),  a  pleasant  little 
watering-place,  vritti  a  lovely  neigh- 
bourhood (visit  the  Ch.  and  Qaai/); 
tiience  by  a  beautiful  drive  ttuongh 
the  hamlet  of  HolniooU.  2i  m.  (t^ 
park  here  is  the  seat  of  Sir  T. 
Dyke  Acland.  Bt)  to,  2  m.  beyond, 
the  picturesque  vale  and  village  of 
Parlor*  (Ina:  the  Ship).  From  here 
the  tourist  may  visit  Vanliery,  4  kl, 
the  highest  p(»ut  (166S  ft.)  of  Ex- 
moor;  BtHstinglon  Beaam  (801  ft.); 
and  the  romantic  hamlet  of  CvSume, 
with  its  tiny  Ch.    Quitting  Por- 


to Coimte^Mry,  by  Culboaa  and  Gien- 
thorne.  From  Countesbury  a  lapid 
descent  is  made,  1}  m,,  towards  the 
gorge  of  Lynmouth.  The  chief  points 
of  interest  in  tlie  neighbourhood  of 
Ljnton  and  Lynmouth  are  :— 

1.   Lyndoie,    VaU^  of  Bocht,  Lee 
Bay.   %r<^ofth«W.Lyn.   S.Eid. 


L  TNTOlf—LTTSAM. 


don't  Xoulh.  i.  Brendm  Valks.  5. 
GUnihorad.  6.  Poiioek  ivide  nipra). 
7.  ExmooT. 

No,  i  may  be  seen  in  one  daj. 
BtartiDg  from  Lynton,  the  stranger 
should  descend  to  Ljnmouth  through 
the  beaatiCul  |;ioun<]a  of  Lynion  Collage 
and  of  Olen  hyn,  the  Utter  occupying 
the  ravine  through  which,  the  W.  Lyn 
mshcs  under  Lyn  Cliff;  thence  past 
the  Lyudole  Hotel,  ap  the  gorge  of 
the  B.  Lyn,  or  Lyndale  (ho  suould 
follow  the  road  going,  and  return 
through  the  woods  by  a  path  along 
the  rt.  bank),  to  Walirt'  Meet,  about 
2  m,  a  lovely  spot.  From  here  he 
may  proceed,  }  m.  fiirther,  to  Il/ord 
Sndges  and  Lyn  Cliff.  The  Vailey  of 
BtK^  is  about  1  m.  W.  of  Lyntou,  and 
approached  by  the  North  Walk  aboTO 
the  eliffi  or  by  a  carriage-road.  The 
former  should  be  selected.  After  in- 
specting tbiB  wild  and  intereBtiug  spot, 
and  aacending  the  Cattle  Rock,  the 
walk  may  be  extended  )  m,  io  Lee 
Bay  and  Lee  Abbey  (G.  Bailey,  Esq.). 
No*.  2  ami  3  may  lioth  be  seen  on  the 
way  to  Dfraoombe  (see  poit).  No,  i— 
a,  very  favounle  excursion — is  by  the 
following  course.  Ascend  Lyndale  to 
nford  Bridges.  Take  the  toad  ou  the 
1,  to  Brendan  Ch.  Descend  into  Uie 
VaUey  of  Brend/m  (a  splendid  ravine), 
and  proceed  to  the  Lynton  and  Pol- 
lock road,  letuniing  by  Counleebory 
HiU.  GlerUhome  (Na.  5),  the  Beat  of 
the  Bev.  W.  S.  Hallidny,  is  situated  in 
a  singularly  romantic  dell  on  the  coast, 
atwnt  5  m.  E.  for  pedeatrians,  and  8  m. 
fbr  carriagee.  No  visitor  should  neg- 
lect to  explore  the  paths  on  the  sea- 
slopes  E.  of  the  house.  The  loud  to 
PtMocTt  (ExcuT.  6),  13  m.,  le  described 
ftboTO.  (7)  ExmooT  oocupiea  an  area 
or  abont  14  sq.  miles,  and  the  visitor 
shotdd  by  all  means  prepare  himself 
for  his  expedition  by  a  study  of  Mr. 
Blackmores  romanceof 'LomaDoone' 
(Sampion  Low  and  Co.).  There  is 
excellent  troDt-flshing  in  tiie  Lyos  and 
other  streams  of  Exmoor.  Inquire 
abont  tickets  at  Lynton  hotels ;  2 
beds,  and  2  tickets  for  tlie  Oare, 
Badgeworthy,  and  Barle  waters,  may 
be  had  at  SimomMh,  a  solitary  settle- 
ment in  a  valley  of  the  moor;    and 


tickets  for  the  Barle  may  be  had  at 
the  Bod  Beer  Inn,  2  m.  S.E.  of  that 
place.  The  pedestrian  may  be  told 
of  the  following  walk,  which  is  recom- 
mended in  a  charming  Lttle  volume, 
'Ferny  Combes ', (1856).  To  Stmont- 
both,  and  thence  down  the  Barle  to 
I^ndacre  Bridge  and  Withj^Knl  (Inn: 
Boyal  Oak) ;  and  further  down  the 
stream  (about  5  m.),  between  hills, 
wild  and  bare  on  the  cue  side,  beau- 
tifully wooded  on  the  other,  to  Tor'* 
Step*,  an  ancient  bridge  of  huge  blocks 
of  stone.  Then  across  the  hill  to 
Wintford  (a  very  good  Inn,  much  pa- 
tronised by  anglers),  and  by  a  lane  to 
Exford,  from  which  a  road  leads  to  the 
top  of  Porlock  Hill.  Descend  to  For- 
lock,  and  return  home  by  CaSione  and 
QlerOhome.  On  the  road  to  Hfra- 
combe,  the  tonrist  can  explore  the 
course  of  the  W.  Lyn,  and  that  re- 
markable valley  opening  to  the  sea  at 
Heddon'i  Moiith,  about  6  ra.  To  do 
this,  he  should  pass  through  the  TaUey 
of  Bock*,  Lee  Bay,  and  Wood^^iay, 
near  Mariinhoe ;  or  proceed  along  the 
carriage-way  by  the  valley  of  the  W. 
Lyn  and  over  a  moor.  This  route  is 
i  m.  longer  and  less  inlereelin^  than 
that  by  Lee  Bay.  From  StddenCa 
JHoutft  (the  Hunter's  Inn,  where  pedes- 
trians may  very  well  pass  a  night)  a 
steep  zigzag  road  leads  through  fine 
woods  to  the  hamlet  of  Trentuiioe 
(notice  the  diminutive  ch,),  and  thence 
the  tourist  should  cross  the  hills  to 
(6  m.)  Combv  Martin  (Inn;  King's 
Arms),  whero  the  ch.  is  a  most  in- 
teresting old  battlemenled  building. 
The  carriEige-road  &om  here  to  Ilfia- 
oombe  (3  m.)  passes  through  Berry- 
narbor,  the  ch,  of  which  is  worth 
notice;  but  the  pedestrian  is  recom- 
mended to  keep  along  the  coast  (about 
3  m.)  by  Ifotmnoulh,  a  beautiful  spot, 
and  SmaUntouih,  the  latter  remarkable 
for  its  2  caverns. 
Lypiatt  Park,  see  fflroud, 
IiTtliain  (Lane.)— Stat8„  L.  & 
N.  W.  RIy. ;  L.  &  Y.  Bly. ;  and  Wyio 
Vail.  Branch  (J«n«.-  CWtOu  Arms  H. ; 
Queen's  H.)— is  a  modern  bathing- 
place  on  the  estuary  of  the  BibUe,  m 
favoor  with  those  who  like  quiet  and 
a  pure  and  mild  air.    A, flue  pier. 


XACOLESFIELD—MA  CBTNLLETS. 


900  fL  long,  BfTords  aa  escellent  pio- 
menade.  Tho  viewi  of  the  oppoaite 
coast  of  Bonthport  are  Tery  pretty, 
SteamerB  to  SoiM^otI  and  Blackoool 
daily  duriiiK  the  Beason  ;  also  cLeap 
excitniona  by  rail  to  Bluekpool  and 
Fleetwood. 

Lttbdeh,  see  Ouadle. 

Mablethobfe,  see  Al/ord. 

Maeelesfleld  (Cbeah.),  Stat.. 
liW  m.  from  London,  L.  4  N.  W. 
Bly. :  also  N.  SttifTa.  Bly.,  and  Mancli., 
Bhoffi  and  Lino.  Rly.  to  Mancheater. 
Inrt:  MaccleaBeld  Arms.  A  biiay 
tona,  eagnged  principally  in  the 
manufactura  of  Bilk.  Excurtioiu. — 
(«)  Walk  to  AldoiW  Edge  Stat.,  5  m. 
(Inn:  ••Queen's  H.),  by  Mottram 
St,  Andrew's  Common.  The  gteat 
atlruction  ia  Alderley  Edge,  a  el^ep 
and  beautiful  curving  cliff,  650  ft. 
high  and  2  m.  in  length.  Alderlei/  Park 
ia  the  Beat  of  Ld.  Stanley  of  Alderley, 
(b)  To  Buxton,  12  m.  E.,by  tha  Cat 
and  Fiddle  Ian,  and  ofer  Axe  Edge. 

SMipoTt  (June.)  ia  distant  12  m, 
by  rail  (Inna.-  George,  nearest  the 
station  ;  Buckley  Arms),  and  ia  bean- 
tifully  situated  on  the  steep  banks 
of  the  Mersey,  irhich  here  diTides 
Cheshire  ftom  Lancasliire, 

SlacliTnlletli  (Montgomery.), 
Stat.,  223  m.  from  EuBlon-square  or 
Faddington,  rid  Shreicsbury ;  3|  hrs. 
by  rail  from  Shrewsbury,  and  1  hr. 
from  Aberystnith;  included  in  L.  & 
N.  W.  Snowdon  Circular  Tour,  jfnns ; 
••Lion;  Herbert  Aims;  Unicorn.  An 
unuBually  good  specimen  of  a  Welsh 
town,  being  clean,  well  built,  and  situ- 
ated in  the  midst  of  charming  scenery, 
near  the  cooflnence  of  the  Dulas  and 
Dovef.  It  is  believed  to  be  the 
Mnglona  of  the  Romans.  From  its 
ccntrul  situation  tlie  tourist  wi 
enabled  to  diverge  by  rail  t«  Aberyst- 
nith,  Newlown,  Welshpool,  Shrews- 
bury, Aberdovey,  Towyn,  and  Dol- 
gelley;  it  also  stands  high  as  a 
DBbing  station. 

Excuraiong, — To  DotgeSey,  16  m. 
Piocceding  through  the  beautiful  vale 
of  the  Duloa,  at  5  m.  is  Braii^  Goclt, 
where  is  a  boibII  roadside  inn  ;  i  m. 
further  is  Coryt,  whence  it  ia  2^  lu. 
to  Slinfordd ;  hence  it  ia  S  m.,  passing 


Crosa  Foxes  Inn  and  the  Torrent  Walk, 
to  Dolgelley.  A  pedestrian  tnay  vaty 
this  route  by  diverging  rt.  near  Aber- 
corrys,  and  taking  the  bridle-road  over 
the  bills  and  through  the  valley  of  tho 
Llefeni,iind  falling  into  the  main  road 
at  the  turnpike,  about  2  m.  short  of 
Minfordd.  From  Miofordd  the  tonrist 
may  visit  tlie  small  and  beautiful 
mountain^  lake  of  Llyn-y-cae  1}  m. 
diatant,  and  the  famous  fishing  lake 
of  Tal-ij'Uijn  (good  Hotel  and  boats 
on  the  lake),  about  2  ni.  distant ;  hence 
he  who  does  not  wish  to  return  lo 
Machynlleth  may  take  rail  direct  to 
Towyn.  To  Touryn  14  m.  by  Fennol 
and  Aberd/ivey ;  at  2  m.  the  river  is 
crossed  at  I'ont-ar'Dtifi  ;  J  m.  further, 
rt,  is  fanHiudio  (J*  Buck,  Esq.), 
grounds  of  which  ia  a  ma^uficeut 
iv-tree  32  ft.  in  girtb ;  2  m.  further 
is  the  lovely  village  of  Pemud, 
supposed  to  have  be^  a  Romaa 
staUon ;  thence  2  roads  lead  to  'I'owyn. 
The  tonrist  ia  recommended  to  take 
the  longer  and  more  beantifnl,  which 
leads  by  a  lovely  drive  of  5}  m.  to 
the  pleasant  little  watering-place  of 
Aberdovey;  lience  a  beautiful  4  m., 
pretty  close  to  the  sea,  lead  to  the 
cleanly  little  watering-place  of  Towyn 
with  its  fine  bathing  sands.  To 
Aheryitinilh,  18  m.  At  4  m.  the 
Llytl'nant  ia  crossed  at  Pont  Llfiffnant, 
a  little  beyond  which  a  road  runs  1, 
5  m.  up  the  Btream  to  FUiyUry-Uijn, 
a  fine  waterfall  which  dashes  over  the 
naked  rocks  from  a  great  height; 
about  1  m,  beyond  the  fall  is  Llyn 
Pea  Shaiadr,  sitoaled  in  magnlGoent 
scenery  on  very  hig^  ground  to  N.W. 
of  Plinlymnion ;  it  is  a  good  fishing 
lake,  and  tickets  for  fishing  may  be 
obtained  from  Mr.  Thomas,  ohemisi; 
Machynlleth ;  a  much  shorter  route 
(6  m.)  ia  to  leave  the  town  due  8., 
and  proceed  across  country  to  Pistyll- 
y-Llyn,  vhenca  a  narrow  winding 
path  by  the  side  of  the  precipice  may 
be  followed  to  tlie  lake ;  about  1  m. 
beyond  Pont  Llyfinant,  on  1.,  is 
Glandyfi  Castle  (E.  Jeffreys,  E^q.), 
magniScently  placed  on  high  rook 
overlooking  the  Dyfi  and  fie  Be*; 
1  m.  further  on  is  i^lwj/efach,  whence 
the  road  skirts  the  demesne  of  Park 


MAIDENBBAI>-MAZDaT01fE. 


Lodge,  and  paaBca  4  m.  to  hamlet  of 
Tre'r  Ddol;  {  m.  on  rt.  is  ch.  of 
Idancmf^in;  about  ]  m.  beyond 
Tre'i  Ddol,  on  tbe  laiaa  groand 
called  FenHara  Ddo,  on  1^  is  Tre 
TtUietin,  aitppoeed  to  be  tbe  burial- 
place  of  the  luud  ;  the  caim,  in  centre 
of  which  ia  the  cistTiLcn,  or  grave,  is 
ftbont  135  ft.  in  ciremnference;  2  or 
S  m.  Carther  up  the  moimtain  aie|some 
Droidiosl  circles,  and  abont  7  m.  be- 
yond these  the  BritiBh  fortreea  of  Sloel- 
y-gaer ;  2  m.  beyond  Tre  Talieein  the 
river  Lory  ia  crossed  at  hamlet  of  Taij/- 
bont,l  m.  tort,  of  which  is  the  beauti- 
fully actuated  Ck.  of  LlaoTihongel- 
fCeaeu'r-glyn ;  about  3  m.  beyond 
TaJybont  is  Bhyd-y-pennan,  where 
the  Borth-rood.  comes  in,  i  m.  beyond 
which  ia  the  large  camp  of  Yt  Ben 
Goer  on  hill  oveilookiug  Bow-atteet 
(Stat);  hence  it  is  about  A  m.  to 
Aberystwith ;  this  last  may  also  be 
reached  by  way  of  Aderdovey  (i 
above),  by  taking  ferry  thenoo 
XniriZai,  whence  the  rail  may 
taken,  or  the  road  of  about  6  m.  which 
passes  through  Berth  and  joins  above 
route  at  Bhyd-y-peDuau.  ToLlanidloe$, 
19  m.,  one  of  the  wildeet  and  bleakest 
rallies  in   the  county  between   the 

PUnlymmon  and  Aran ""- 

Dinat  Moaddioy  (see). 

Dittancei  (by  rail). — Barmouth,  1} 
hr. ;  Dolgelley,  Ij  hr. ;  Towyn,  J  hr.  ; 
Tal-y-Uyn,  ij  hr.;  Aberdovey,  J  lit. ; 
Boiih,  i   ia.;    Abervstwith,   1    hr.; 
DiOBS  Uowddwy,  1  hr.;    Llanbrya- 
mair,  {  hr. ;   Caeraws,  1  hr. ;   Llanid- 
loes,   1  j    hr. ;    Newtown,    1}     hr, ; 
'Welahpool,  1|  hr. 
Masinqlst,  tee 
Naohos,  see  Peniance. 
Maona  Charta  Island,  see  Egkam, 
Maiden  Boweb,  tee  Dututdble. 
Maidbn  Cabtlb,  see  Dmehaler. 
naldenhead  (Berka.),  Stat, 
G.    W.    Rly.    Innt:    'LawiB's    (late 
8klndle's)   H.,  Maidenhead  Bridge; 
Thames  U;  Bear,- White  Hart    This 
town  is  devoid  of  objects  of  int 
but  the  river  and  beauty  of  tbi 
loondiug  scenery  muke  it  attractive. 
The  modem  ch.  of  Bayne  Hill  (in  the 
pariah  of  Bray)  deserves  a  visit  for 
the  sake  of  iu  glass,  its  carvings,  and 


of  reUgiotu  oontto* 

li  m.  B.  of  Haidenbead,  on  the  rt 
..mk  of  the  river,  ia  the  Chareh  of 
BTay,  a  large  bnilding  oC  E.-E.  and 
Deo,  style,  with  a  Perp.  tower  of 
stone  and  flint.  It  contains  some 
good  braaei  from  1878  to  139*.  but 
"  chief  celebrity  in  common  eslima- 
_.__!  arises  tram  its  versatile  vicar, 
Bimon  Aleyn  (d.  15S8),  who  is  de- 
scribed by  Puller  aa  living  under 
Hflu.  Vni.,  Edw.  VI,  Mary,  and 
Elizabeth,  and  being  "  first  a  Papist, 
then  a  Protestant,  then  a  Papist,  then 
a  Protestant  agam."  On  being  taxed 
one  with  being   a  turncoat   and 

unoonstant  changeling — "  Not  so," 

said  he,  "  for  I  have  always  kept  my 
principle,  which  is  this,  to  live  and 
die  the  Vicar  of  Bray," 

Jesut  Hotpital,  founded  by  Wm. 
Goddard,  1627,  for  forty  poor  persons, 
1b  a  very  picturesque  quadrangle  of 
brick  almehoasee.  There  ia  an  old 
cbapel,  and  the  statne  of  the  founder 
remains  over  the  entrance, 

1  m.  further  down  the  river  ia 
Monkeij  leland  and  Hold,  so  called 
from  a  pavilion  (now  the  Inn)  built 
there  by  the  3rd  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
covered  in  the  inside  with  paintings 
of  monkeya,  by  Clermont,  in  variooa 
Indicraos  attitu'Ies.  (Bee  also  TAatnet.) 

2  m.  W.  of  Bray  are  the  remains 
of  the  picturesque  manar-houee  of 
OokweUs,  or  Ockholt,  temp.  Hen.  VII. 
(now  a  farmhouse),  which  much  re- 
sembles the  timber  halla  of  Cheshire. 

gioile«!>70ofceParft(C.  B.VanBittart, 
Esq.),  H  n.  &om  Bray,  contains  the 
most  beantifol  Gothic  CAurch  in  the 
county:  it  is  pure  Dec,  and  quite 
a  miniature  cathedral,  cruciform,  sur- 
mounted by  a  spire. 

The  fine  tracery  of  the  E,  window 
deserves  especild  notice,  as  also  the 
eitemal  masonry  of  square  close- 
jointed  flint  The  ch.  was  built  1337, 
by  Sir  Wm.  Tmssel,  who  also  fbonded 
a  coll^:e  here. 

Maids  Mobeton,  see  Baekingham. 

IHnld«tone  <Keut).  Stats.,  S. 
E.  and  L.  C.  ft  D,  Elys.  Inn*.- 
Mitre:  Star;  Bell;  Queen's  Head. 
New  inn ;   Viotoria.    The    principal 


towu  of  Weflt  Kent,  and  the  asoze 
town  for  the  wbole  cdnut;.  It 
ttrotchea  upvarda  from  both  banks 
of  the  river  Hedway.  Pop,  27.000. 
Tlie  principal  tboroaghfaioa,  Higlt- 
Btroi't,  Kiiis-st»et,  Wuek-atruet,  and 
Gttbriel's-hill,  are  verj  haadsoiua  and 
mleresting.  Gabled  houauB  aud  the 
decorated  fronts  give  them  a  somewhat 
pictnresque  character. 

The  main  objects  of  interest  in 
Haidertoue  are  the  anoient  arotu- 
epiBcopal  Palace ;  the  Church ;  and 
the  College  adjoining.  The  very  large 
and  important  Chareh  (restored  by 
Carpenter  in  I860)  is  Fetp.  through- 
out The  chancel  still  conlaine  28 
stalls  of  carved  oak  for  the  menibera 
of  the  College.  The  richly  painted 
chancel  soreen  shoald  be  noticed. 
The  sedilia  are  fine  and  elaborately 
omamented,  but  defaced.  8.  of  the 
ch.,  and  stretching  down  toward  the 
river,  is  the  Colleye,  belonging  to  the 
£arl  of  Romuey.  It  consists  of  a 
gateway  tower,  a  long  range  of  rooms 
between  it  and  the  river,  tenninat«d 
by  a  second  tower,  parts  of  the 
Master's  house,  a  ruined  tower  ad- 
joining it,  and  a  second  or  beck  gate- 
way. From  the  top  of  the  tower 
there  is  a  fine  view  over  the  town  and 

N.  of  the  church  in  the  ancient 
Palaee,  tolerably  perfect,  and  still 
occupied  as  a  dwelUng-honss. 

Of  higher  interest  than  the  palaoe 
isalong  range  of  outbuildings  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  road,  which  seem 
to  have  originally  formed  part  of  the 
otHces.  These  buildings  are  now  nsed 
for  stables  and  tan-storea.  They 
probably  of  earlier  date  than  any  por- 
tion of  the  palace. 

A  very  pictm'esque  view  of  the 
ohorch  and  palace  may  be  obtained 
from  the  river  bank  below. 

In  St.  Faith-street  is  GhilUnglon 
Eoage,  which  is  in  the  style  of  the 
early  part  of  the  ISth  cent.,  and  is 
worth  a  visit.    It  is  now  the  PiMic 

About  1  m.  E.  of  the  town  is  the 
Mote  (Earl  of  Komney).  The  Park, 
of  600  acres,  is  fine,  and  contains 
some    grand  old  oaks  and    beeches. 


Good  fishing  may  be  had  here,  witli 
permission. 

Many  interestmg  «xeanton»  may  be 
made   from   Maidstone.      The    chief 

points  in  the  immediale  neighbour- 
hood may  be  visited  in  a  long  vtalk 
to  AUittgUm  CcuUe,  1}  m.;  thence  tu 
Boxley  Abbey  and  Boxley,  2}  m., 
returning  EM^ross  Penenden  Heath. 
The  round  will  be  about  7^  m.  Take 
the  towing-path  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  river.  The  Castle  is  on  the 
I.  bank ;  but  Immediately  opposite 
Is  a  good  country  Inn  (The  Gib- 
raltar), where  a  ferry-boat  is  always 
ready.  The  existing  remains  of  the 
Castle  are  considerable  and  well 
deserve  a  visit.  Kecrossing  the  river, 
the  Buchester  road  may  be  followed 
through  Bandling,  and  the  tourist 
may  find  his  way  along  the  bank  of 
a  stream  to  Boxley  Ahbey  (Bev.  E. 
Balston),  and  return  to  Maidstone  by 
Penendea  Heath, 

XalliTig  Abbey  and  the  British  re- 
mains at  AddingUm  (3  m.  W,)  may 
be  visited  in  an  excursion.  A  pleasant 
road  under  the  woods  of  HaUing  will 
bring  us  to  DitUm,  and  thence  to  Bait 
MalUitg,  the  Gli.  of  which  is  of  in- 
terest. From  £.  Malliug,  Wetl,  ot 
Town  Hailing  is  reached.  The  re- 
mains of  Mailing  Abbey  are  full  of 
interest.  They  contain  portions  from 
Norm,  to  lata  Perp.  Proceeding 
through  Offham,  we  reach  AddingUm ; 
the  position  of  the  ch.,  on  a  wooden 
hillock,  is  very  pictareaqne.  The 
hillock  itseK,  a  remarkable  cone  of 
earth,  is  one  of  several  which  exist 
in  the  8.  part  of  the  parish.  Tlieae 
"pyramids"  are  probably  artificial, 
and  possibly  contain  atone  cromlechs. 
Betum  io  Maidstone  by  Ityarth  and 
Leybome.  The  ch,  of  the  latter  place 
deserves  a  visit. 

Leedt  Caaile  (inherited  from  the 
Yorkshire  Fairfaxes  by  Wykebam 
Martin  family),  5  m.  on  the  Ashford 
road,  is  the  great  attraction  of  tbis 
part  of  Kent.  It  stands  in  the 
centre  of  a  wide  pork,  finely  wooded. 
Its  crown  of  towers  and  turrets  rises 
from  the  midst  of  a  broad  sheet  of 
water,  farming  a  moat.  The  main 
Ibrtieas   dates   from  the   IStli  cent, 


MALD0N—XALXE8BVBY. 


28S 


but  mach  of  the  pieaeDt  building  ia 
DKidem.  The  moat,  oi  lake,  nimDnda 
three  Bnull  ialiuidji  (eioellent  fiahing, 
but  penuiBgiou  mtiBt  be  obtained;. 
On  one  are  the  remaiDB  of  the  barbieaa, 
and  adjoining  the  onstle  mill.  On 
another  the  gstehouse  and  one  wing 
of  tba  castle.  On  the  third,  the 
principal  masa  of  the  caatle. 

In  the  hamlet  of  Nasb,  i  m.  W. 
of  the  ciutle,  is  Battle  Hall  (uoff  a 
formhonae)  which  should  ba  vieited. 
The  hall  and  one  wing  are  of  the 
11th  cent  The  village  of  Leedt  is 
pictDreBque,andinit  liasmallhouBe, 
now  a  farm,  which  perhaps  dates  from 
early  in  the  I5th  cent. 

A  pleaaant  eicurslon  may  be  mnde 
tbroogb  the  Ttll^e  of  Loote  to  Ltnton, 
4  m.  8.  lAnton  FUtee  (ViBouunt 
Eolmesdale)  deserreB  a  visit  for  the 
Buke  of  its  noble  view. 

Maimsee,  see  Nawport  (Mou.). 
naldon  (Kssei),  Slat.  G.  E. 
Ely.,  61  m.  from  Witham  Judo.  Iniu : 
King's  Head,  la  High-etreet ;  Blue 
Boar.  This  aucient  borough  and  port 
stands  on  a  steep  eminence  on  tbe  8. 
side  of  the  rivor  Chelmer,  which  is 
joined  just  below  the  town  b;  the 
Blackwater  rivet.    The  river  is  navi- 

KbJe  for  vessels  of  200  tons  burthea 
IB  town  is  chiefly  interesting  as  the 
scene  of  a  great  battle  which  took 
place  in  991,  between  the  Northmen 
(probably  Norwegians)  and  Briht- 
notii,  Ealdonnan  of  Eaaex. 

AU  Bainti'  Cliarch  has  a  peculiar 
triangular  tower,  the  only  one  so 
alkaped  in  the  kingdom.  There  is  a 
very  flne  early  Dec  east  window,  ciro. 
12S0.  Near  the  Ch.  is  the  Tovm  Hall, 
a  building  of  the  raign  of  Uen.  YII. 
St.  Jdarg't  Toteer  was  partly  rebuilt  in 
the  reign  of  Ghsrlsa  L  The  bwer 
part  is  Norm,  with  Soman  liles. 

W.  of  tbe  town  is  a  Gamp  of  24 
acres,  attributed  to  Edward  the  Elder. 
The  Church  of  Heybridge,  a  snbnrb  of 
Maldon,  is  massive  Norm,  1  m.  W. 
ore  the  interesting  remains  of  Bdeigh 
Abbey,  founded  in  1180,  for  Premon- 
stratensiaD  canons. 

At  Tolleahimt-Magna,  about  5  m. 
N.G.  of  Maldon,  is  an  embattled  brick 
gate-house  with  four  turrets,  a  frag- 


M(Ferp. 


ment  of  the  old  manor-houae  of  the 

Beckenhama.  The  gateway  is  of  the 
I5th  oent.  The  comer  of  Essex  hi- 
tween  the  Blackwater  and  the  Crouch, 
oontains  near  its  N.E.  point,  Bradteell, 
of  great  interest  to  ardueologiata  aa 
the  site  of  the  Roman  OlAona. 

Malsam,  see  Skipton. 

Mallimo,  see  Xaidti<nie. 

Hallwyp,  see  Dinat  MoKddwtf 

Malmettbar r  (Wilts.)  —  20 
miD.  by  train  from  Dauntsey  Stut., 
G.  W.  Bly. :  10  ni.  N.  of  Cbippenliam, 
hich  the  omnibus  runs  every 
afternooQ,  returning  ia  tbe  moroiug. 
The  Minety  8lat  of  the  Cheltenham 
Bly.  is  7  m.  distant.  Jntu ;  King's 
Arms ;  G)eoi^.  This  ia  a  decayed 
town.  It  ia  remarkable  for  its  Abbeji- 
Chunh,  one  of  the  most  valuable  archi- 
tectural relioa  la  Bnglan  ~ 

In  tbe  market  there  is 
Gothic).  It  Is  octagonal  in  form,  w 
flying  buttreaaaa  supporting  apinnacle 
bearing  aoulpturea.  The  groined  roof 
is  rich.  The  view  of  the  town  and 
abbey  rains   ia  good  froai  almost  all 

K'uts.  There  is  a  steep  slope  to  tbe 
,  and  from  the  rising  ground  oppo- 
site the  effect  ia  very  fne.  The  Abbey 
Ch.  ia  the  fragment  of  a  bnildiDg 
which,  when  perfect,  most  have  stood 
very  high  among  our  ecclesiastical 
edlQces.  Its  plan  was  of  the  fullest 
mthedrol  type,  and  its  scale  surpassed 
several  churches  of  cathedral  rank, 
while  its  arcbitectuie  is  of  a  very  high 
degree  of  merit.  Originally  it  was  a 
complete  cross  ch.  with  central  and 
W.  towen.  The  portion  now  in  use 
consists  of  the  6  eastern  out  of  the  9 
bays  of  Iha  nave,  walled  up  at  the  G, 
end.  The  external  elevation  of  the 
nave  is  very  flne,  oliiefly  from  the  great 
height  of  the  clerestory,  a  deoorateil 
addition,  and  the  flne  series  of  pin- 
nacles and  flying  buttresses.  Thx 
most  striking  feature  of  the  ch.  is  tbe 
S.  porch,  "of  aurposBing  richness,  thu 
profosion  of  ornament-work  eiceedini; 
that  of  any  other  part  of  the  building." 
To  the  N,E.  of  the  oh.  U  an  Elim- 
betban  houaa  bnilt  on  tbe  sabstmctoro 


several  other  fragment  of  auUquity 


in  and  about  Halmeabory.  The  Cor- 
poration Ahni}nia»e,  at  the  S.E.  eod  of 
the  town,  indudea  a  poioted  arch 
vailed  up,  and  part  of  a  boepice  of  Bt 
Jobn  of  Jeinealem. 

CharlUm  Park  (Earl  of  Suffolk  and 
BerkEhire},  1}  m,  N.,  ie  a  Blatelj  old 
mansion,  of  Jaoobeanaioliltectare.  The 
E.  front  was  added  in  1773.  The  W. 
front  is  attributed  to  Inigo  Jone».   The 


iCoahall. 

Lja,  rather 
There  are 
bj 


riioled  over  and  couTetted 
Here  are  men;  interesting 

curious  aa  historical 

than  floe  aa  TTorks  o 
besides  BOioe  very  good  pal 
old  masters. 

Malfab,  see  Truro. 

mitlvem,  Great,  and 
Malvern  'Wells  CWorcest)— 
Stata.  G.  W.  (128|  m.  from  London) 
and  MidL  Rlys.  Injn:  ••Abbey  I*. 
(excellent),  near  the  AbbOT  Ch.; 
Imperial,  sdjoins  tbe  station;  ''Folef 
Arms ;  Belle  Vne ;  both  np  the  bill 
on  the  old  road.  This  fniibianable 
wBtering-place,  620  ft.  above  the  sea- 
level,  is  delightfully  situated  on  the 
slope  of  a  group  of  hills.  It  is  mucli 
resorted  to  on  account  of  tbe  beauty  of 
its  situation,  the  purity  and  salubrity 
of  its  air,  tbe  agreeable  diversity  of  its 
scenery,  and  tbe  medicinal  quality  of 
its  springs.  Its  fine  chnin  of  hills  runa 
N.  and  H,  in  a  right  line  neoily  9  m., 
the  prlncipai  summits  beiog  tbe  N. 
hill  llSl  fc  above  the  Severn,  the 
most  picturesque ;  the  Worcestershire 
Beacon,  1444  ft.  and  the  Herefordshire 
Beacon,  1370  ft.  Their  highest  point 
is  covered  with  verdure.  Nearly  1700 
varieties  of  plants  have  been  foand 
this  range,  which  is  especially  rich 
its  botany. 

St.  Anne'i  W^  a  favourite  resort 
of  water  drinkers,  on  the  flank  of  the 
Worcestershire  Beacon,  is  supposed  to 
possess  medicinal  qualities. 

Malvern  Prum/,  of  which  the  Abbey- 
gate  and  tbe  EefeeUiry  alone  remain, 
was  dnrini;  the  middle  ages  one  of  the 
most  flornishing  oonveotual  establish- 
ments in  the  western  counties. 

The  Church,  formerly  that  of  th( 
Priory,  hss  undergone  an  efficient 
atiuctiiral  restoration  under 


Seott;  it  is  a  lai^  and  handaoiiie 
cmoiform  stmoture,  a  mixture  of 
Norm,  and  Vwp.,  with  an  elegant 
central  tower.  Tbe  noble  E.  window 
of  the  cbanoel  is  a  very  fine  Perp. 
composition.  The  windows  conta^ 
some  ve^  beantifnl  specimena  ot 
painted  glass. 

The  Museum  Is  especially  rich  ia 
specimens  of  bones  of  the  mammoth 
and  other  extinct  mammalia  found  in 
tbo  locality,  and  there  is  also  a  well- 
arranged  collection  at  the  Messrs. 
Burrows',  the  chemists. 

A  favourite  ExcuToion  is  to  The 
Ehydd  (Sir  E.  H.  Lechmere,  Bt),  i 
m.,  rebuilt  in  Italian  style.  It  ooutaine 
some  valuable  paintings  by  Rembrandt, 
Murillo,  Vandycfc,  and  others;  bIbo  a 
flue  collection  of  miniatures. 

Coirlei^h  Park  is  a  favourit*  restat 
of  equestrian  and  pedestrian  visitors. 
The  geologist  will  find  especial  objects 
of  interest  amid  the  picturesque  scenery 
of  its  wooded  hills. 

At  Malvern  iinfc  (Stat.),  about  J  m. 
distant  from  Gt.  Malvern,  there  is  a 
good  hotel.  Wetl  Maltem  (Hotel! 
Westminster  Arms)  ia  a  village,  prin- 
cipally consisting  of  detached  villaa. 
The  drive  by  N.  Malvern,  through  tbe 
village,  returning  by  tbo  Wytche  rrad, 
about  6  m,,  should  not  be  omitted. 

The  Chureh  at  Malbim,  3  m.  W., 
behind  the  range  of  the  hills,  is  of 
some  interest. 

Maloem  Ifeili  (Stat.  IJ  m.).  Si- 
gingUm'g  Hotel,  and  the  WeUt  Boanl- 
ing-bouse — both  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  bill — command  views  over  the 
extensive  plain  and  the  distant  pictur- 
esque scenery.  Admiral  Benbow  Jim 
for  travellers  en  route. 

The  neat  E.-E.  Ch.,  ereoted  1837, 
is  prettily  situated. 

1  m.  JAttle  Malvern  Court  (C.  U 
Berington,  Esq.)  is  placed  upon  the 
site  of  an  old  Priory,  built  late  in  the 
12th  cent.  The  present  building  ia  ot 
some  antiquity,  and  forms  a  quaint 
group  of  gables,  with  a  tower  m  Ibe 
comer.  The  ekureh,  rsbuill  on  an 
ancient  site.  1482,  retains  the  tower, 
chancel,  and  some  walls.  The  belfij 
is  elegantly  panelled,  and,  though  now 
shorn  of  its  battlemrails,  beats  traces 


MANCHBSTEB. 


287 


of  its  origiaal  beanty ;  there  is  aome 
good  irooaiTork  in  tbe  cb.,aQd  aJideat 
stained  glara  of  the  highest  intereBl. 

There  iB  apleaannt  nalk,  inBLUumer- 
time,  from  kittle  Malvem,  bj  the 
base  of  the  Herefordshire  Beacon,  and 
aorosa  CaatleMeikiaCamtaonto^trts- 
morUnt  CoutI,  a  timbered  mianBian  of 
IGth-cent.  date,  now  a  farmhooee. 

Vpiim-on-Severn,  Stat.,  64  m.  on  the 
lino  to  Birmingliam  (Inn;  White 
lioa),  owes  ita  importance  to  its  poai- 
lion  oD  the  Severn,  Davisable  beie  for 
TBBselB  of  IIO  tons.  Boats  can  be  hired 
for  either  flahing  or  for  aqoatio  ei- 
The   While   I/iun    '      " 


1  m.  W.  on  a  risini;  lawn  eloping  to 
tlio  liver  \e  Ham  Cmirt  (C.  Andrew, 
Eiq.),  creeled  1797,  containing  a  vala- 
able  library  and  collection  of  paintings, 
jnclnding  a  very  renukable  landaoapo 
by  Cuijp. 

Tbe  oaUiedral  towns  of  WonxOer 
and  Hereford  may  be  visited  from 
Great  U^vem  in  abont  half  an  honr 
by  train. 

MAHATtiN,  see  Bovey  Traeey. 

Manchester  {Lancas,)— KaU 
8tat».  (a)  LondoTt-Toad,  joint  Stat,  of  L. 
ft  N.  W.  Rly.  ibr  Birmingham  and  Lon- 
don ;  the  irfanc.  Sheff.  &  Lino.  Kly.  for 
ShefBeld aed  HuU;  tbe  Gt.  North.  Rly. 
for  Betford  and  Peterborough ;  and 
the  Midland  Kly.  for  Matlock  and 
Derby.  (6)  Victoria  Stat,  for  L.  & 
N.  W.  Bly.,  to  Leeds  and  Liverpool ; 
tbe  Gt.  West.  Bly.,  to  Chester  and 
Shrewsbury;  and  tlie  Lane.  &  York. 
Bly.  to  Boobdale,  Bolton,  and  Preston, 
(c)  Ox/ord-raad  Stat  for  Altrincbam 
and  Miii-Cheshire  line.  Inni :  Queen's 
H.;  ••Palitine,  Walarloo,  Royal,  Al- 
bion, Clarence,  Trevelyan  (temper- 
auoe).    Foat  Office  in  Brown-stieetC 

Manchester,  the  cotton  metropolis  of 
England,  and  the  next  largest  city  to 
London,  is  a  place  of  very  great  inter- 
est and  importaoce.  It  is  traversed 
by  three  streams,  the  Innell,  wiiich 
separatefi  it  from  the  boroagh  of 
Saiford,  tie  Jrk.  and  Xedlock.  All 
are  of  the  fbnlest  descriptii:~ 
boing  lined  by  mills  and  dye-wori 
-whicU   empty  Ibeii  refuse  into   t 


itreana,  and  which,  together  with 
arge  iron,  engineering,  and  machine 
Berks,  give  employment  to  the  great 
bnlk  of  tbe  people.  The  visitor  shonld 
valk  through  the  city,  and  notice  the 
chief  streets :  hoge  palatial  warebooses, 
busy  aa  hives,  and  bursting  with 
goods;  the  crowds  of  operativea  that 
pour  in  and  cmt  at  certain  hours ; 
tbe  carta  called  Inrriee  laden  nith 
bales  of  cotton;  the  intense  air  of 
businees  that  marks  every  face  during 
the  limited  period  (9-5)  of  the  work- 
houra.  And  yet  the  bulk  cf  the 
ning  trade  is  not  carried  on  bo 
much  in  Manchester  aa  in  the  neigh- 
bonriog  towns,  but  it  is  mther  Uie 
market  or  bunness  centre  where  all 
thegreat  merchants  and  manufaoturera 
congregate,  and  where  all  purohasea 
and  sales  are  concluded.  To  see  either 
mSli  at  urareAoiMet,  an  order  or  intio- 
dnction  must  be  obtained,  as  there  is 
an  objection  to  Strang^  entering 
without  them.  It  is  well  worth  a 
visit  to  ShnderhiB.  on  Saturday  even- 
inea  to  see  the  "  hands  "  marketing. 

Starling  &om  the  London-road  Slat, 
visit  tbe  unrthem  half  of  tbe  city  Urst. 
Piccadilly  is  a  large  open  space,  in 
the  centre  of  which  is  the  Infymary, 
In  front  are  statues  of  tlie  late  Dnko  of 
Wellington,  Watt,  Dalton,  and  Sir  B, 
Peel.  At  the  bottem  of  Markot^tteet, 
the  main  thoroughfare,  is  the  Ex^utnge, 
a  splendid  building  of  vast  area.  The 
best  time  te  see  the  public  room  ia  on 
ootton-markct  days  (Tuesdays  and 
Fridays),  when  it  is  one  mass  of  hnsiness 
men  bom  sU  parts  of  Lancashire  and 
Yorkshire.  At  the  end  of  Vioti^t- 
street,  facing  the  Irwell,  is  ^e  CaQied- 
ral commonly  known  aa"t'owd  church." 
The  chief  featnres  of  this  flne  Fetp. 
bnildiog  are  tbe  tower  and  the  double 
aisles,  which  give  it  a  width  of  112  il. 
It  was  foimded  in  1421  aa  a  coll^iate 
church  by  Thos.  Delawarre,  and 
became  a  cathedral  when  tbe  bishopric 
of  Manchester  was  established,  1S48. 
In  the  cboir  are  some  excellent  taber- 
nacle work  and  grotesque  carvings  on 
miserere  seats.  MimumenU. — SCatne 
to  Humphrey  Cbeetham,  by  TJteed. 
Altor-tomb  in  Ely  Chapel  to  Bishop 
Stanley,  warden  in  1181,  and  ottiurd 


XANaHESTEB—XANNINOTBEE. 


by  WiitmaeoU  and  BaSey.  The  Ber- 
vice  IB  daily  &nd  choral.  OnSandaya, 
notice  the  gteM  longth  of  the  lists  of 
mfLTTiage  baupa,  moat  of  which  are 
celebrated  on  MooclBy.  On  the  N. 
side  of  the  Cathedral,  in  Hunt's  Bank, 
is  Cheelham'i  Soipital  and  lAbrary 
{free  admiisioa  icitkin  eerlaia  Aoura, 
itiiled  on  the  gale),  fouodcd  1451, 
by  Hompbiey  Ohectham,  meiohant, 
ae  a  iree-Bclionl.  It  cuntains  an  ia- 
tereatioE  old  hall  Hitb  dais  and  icreen, 
and  a  libtftty  of  8I),000  toIb.,  mauy  of 
them  yery  rare.  Pass  on  H,  the  Vic- 
toria Ely.  Stat  A  little  way  up  Great 
Dooie-Btreet  are  the  Auiie  Cotirfs,  a 
splendid  pile,  bjWalerboim  (1 861),  at  a 
coBt  of  100,1)00'.,  of  mixed  B.-E.  and 
Deo.  styles.  The  adornments  are  florid 
aud  very  rich.  Notice  the  entrance- 
hall  and  Uke  oarved-stone  screen,  and 
the  N.  window  of  the  Qt.  Hall,  which 
iUtietratea  the  dgning  of  Uagpa 
Charta.  Behind  the  Courta  is  the 
large  new  Prison.  Betutn  to  New 
Bndge-Btreet,  and  ctobb  the  Irwell  into 
Salford,  the  streets  of  which  will 
have  to  be  threaded  for  a  mile  up 
to  the  Feel  I'ark  ott  a  rising  hank 
overlooking  the  river.  Within  it  are 
the  Salfoid  library  and  a  good  general 
Muaeum.  Notice  the  Victoria  aroh,  a 
wrought-iron  gateway,  in  memory  of 
the  Qneen'fl  second  visit  in  1857. 
Ketutn  by  omnibus  as  far  bb  the  Sal/ord 
Slat.  Cross  the  river,  and  proceed  by 
Bridge-street,  and  John  Datton-etreet, 
to  Albert-sqtlare,  where  ia  the  a6w 
ToiimllaU,  designed  byWaterhouse,  oni 
of  the  most  magnificent  bnildings  of  its 
class  in  Euglaud.  In  &ont  of  it  is  the 
monument  to  the  late  Prince  Consort. 
Theuoe  to  Mosley-etreet,  in  which  are 
the  Athenaitm  and  Soyal  Imtituiion, 
both  by  Barry.  The  latter  contains 
ffiisls  of  the  Elgin  Marbles  and  a  statue 
of  Dalton,  the  discoverer  of  the  atomic 
theory,  by  CAanlreu.  At  the  bottom 
of  Moaiey-street  U  St.  Peter'i  Ch.  (good 
ohoral  service),  2  tbeatres,  the  Coneett 
Hall,  in  which  high-otass  concerts  a 
given,  the  Toung  Jtfen'i  ChrisHi 
Aeioeiaiion  (formerly  the  Museum 
building),  and  the  Free  Trade  EaO, 
a  fine  assembly-room,  holdii^  5000 
people,  irfanding  on  ihe  site  of  that 


building  of  historic  tama,  where  free- 
trade  was  hatched  and  nmiiued  into 
maturity  under  the  anspicea  of  Messrs. 
Oobden  and  Bright,  and  the  Anti- 
Corn-Law  League.  At  rt.  angles  at  one 
end  of  Feter-etreet  are  the  remains  uf 
nee  busy  thoroughfare  of  Deant- 
gait,  and,  at  the  other,  oommenoea  the 
long  Oxford-road,  in  vhioh  are  the 
AOat  Worlu  of  Sharp,  Stewart,  and 
Co.,  where  hundreds  of  Inoomotivea 
are  annually  turned  out.  Higher  np^ 
beyond  the  Ck^ordrroad  Stat.,  ia  the 
now  famous  Omeia  College,  foonded 
by  John  Owens  in  1816,  in  oonaectlon 
with  the  University  of  Loodon.  The 
iresent  handsome  building,  designed 
ly  Walerbonse,  was  opened  by  the 
Duke  of  Devonshire,  in  IS73.  AU 
Saints  Ch,  is  a  tlue  modem  ch.  at  the 
junction  of  the  Stretford  and  Oxford- 
roads.  The  retnm  to  Piccadilly  should 
be  t^  Portland-street,  in  which  are  the 
vxiTehoaeee  of  Sir  Jas.  Watta  and 
others,  among  the  finest  buildings  in 
the  city.  Bhould  the  visitor  wish  ta 
see  nhere  wealthy  Manchester  lives,  he 
must  go  to  the  suburbs  of  Broughton, 
Cheetham  Hill,  Pendleton,  Swinton, 
Greenlieys,  and  Whalley  Bange,  while 
the  poorest  neighbourhoods  will  be 
found  in  Oldham-road  and  Ancoats, 
and  more  especially  in  Angel  Meadow. 
Besides  the  Peel  Park  are  the  following 
places  of  [■eereation :  the  Qtieent'i  Park, 
on  the  Bochdale-road  1  the  PkUiipi 
Park,  near  Ancoats ;  the  Zoologioal 
Oardent,  at  Bellevue;  the  Botanieai 
Oardea*,  at  Trafibrd, 

Foniona  Gardens,  at  Old  Traflbrd,  2 
m.,with  its  horse  and  cftttle  shows  and 
exhibitions  of  all  kinds:  aitd  the 
Alexandra  Park,  with  its  aqnarinm, 
one  of  the  best  in  England,  are  places 
of  fashionable  resort. 

I>i«tanoe«.— London,  189  m,;  Bir- 
mingham, 76 ;  Chester,  40 ;  Stockport, 
6 ;  Liverpool,  30 ;  Preaton,  31 ;  Bolton, 
II;  Buxton,  31. 

maDDlnirtl'ee  (Essex).  Stat 
(June,  for  Earvtieh),  Gt.  E.  Elj., 
nearly  1  m.  W.  of  the  town.  Jnn: 
White  Hart  The  town  stands  on 
the  esttutfy  of  the  Btoni.  Id  the 
Ch.,  rebuilt  1616,  is  a  monument  la 
Tlumat  Orvtond,  bnmt  daring  Om 


MANSFIELD— MABCS. 


Uarian  penecotion  for  refoBiiig  to 
atteud  luaas.  At  Eaet  BerOtoU  (Snf- 
folk),  about  3  m.,  ia  a  large  Dandsome 
Ferp,  CA.  of  flint  and  stone,  wiUnaach 


and  the  completed  pordon  of  the  toirer, 
deserve  special  notice.  Coiuttable,  the 
landscape  painter,  was  bom  here  in 
1776.  He  deacribes  the  place  aa 
"  pleasantly  aitnated  in  the  most  cnl- 
«Tated  part  of  Suffolk."  AbontSm.N. 
of  E.  Bergholt  is  Eolkm  Bl.  XaryCh., 
Ear);  Deo.  (chancel  and  nave)  Perp. 
(towerj.  Abont  2  m.  W.  of  E.  Berg- 
holt is  Stratford,  a  village  with  water- 
mills  and  several  villas  scattered  about 
it,  and  from  which  Oonalable  drew 
maQv  snbjecto  for  his  pencil.  It  has  a 
baodBome  Perp.  Qt.  (the  obanoel  Dec.) 

MiiOey  (Stat),  I{  m.,  is  a  lai^a 
village  wiUi  a  quay,  forming  an  ex- 
tension of  the  part  of  Hanningtree. 

At  MUU^  TborTt,  lower  down  the 
river,  i«  a  (Jh«rdi,  completed  in  1777, 
"an  nmqne  building  of  the  Doric 
order,"  with  two  domes.  In  Uie  pariah 
of  Wicket  (Bradfiold  Stat.)  was  a 
small  house  of  Benedictine  nuns. 
Scanty  reniajtis  of  the  foundations  ma; 
Btill  be  traced.  The  Ch.  was  rebuilt  in 
1740.  The  belfiy,  a  curious  atruotnre 
of  wood,  resemblmg  that  at  Wrabnesa, 
is  some  ;aTdB  &om  the  ch,,  and  contains 
a  single  bell.  TFra&rKM  is  a  village 
pleasantly  overloofciug  the  eatnarj  of 
the  Stour  (the  bel£?  here  is  of  the 
Btune  character  as  that  of  Wickea — a 
low  square  framework  of  wood). 

The  next  station  (5  m.)  ia  i^osercourt 
(see  Haneidi), 

Uanobbeeb,  ace  Tenby. 

]IIail»lleld(Notts.)— Stat.  Mid- 
land £1;.  Intt :  Swan  H.  Is  a  thriv- 
ing town  on  the  border  ol  Mherwood 
Forest,  where  Uemr  II.  used  to  coma 
and  hunt  The  Kin^s  Mill,  where 
he  visited  the  miller  of  Mansfield,  is 
1  m.  S.W.,  iu  a  de^  glen,  bnt  the 
house  is  modern.  In  the  cenbe  of  the 
town  ia  a  Gothio  memorial  to  Lord 
Geo.  Bentinnk. 

Iiccunicnt.—{a)  6i  m.  to  HardaiiA 
HaU  (Duke  of  Devoushlie).  A  con- 
veyance must  be  taken  from  Mfmsfield, 
ox  Uke  pedestrian  may  take  a  ahoitei 


rood   from  Plaulm,   which  mns  np 

the  valley  of  the  UtUe  river  Meden. 
Hardwick,  bnilt  l^  Elizabeth  of 
Sbrewsbnr;  (Bess  of  Hardwick),  ia 
a  fine  Elizabethan  mansion,  scarcely 
altered  and  atill  habitable ;  it  is  re- 
markable for  the  great  nmnber  of 
windows  which  makes  it  look  like  a 
big  lantern.  In  the  loft;  haU  is  a 
atatne,  h;  Wettmacott,  of  Mar;  Queen 
of  Scots,  who  was  imprisoned  here 
under  the  care  of  the  Earl  of  Shrews- 
bury. The  walls  of  the  council- 
chamber  i;65  ft.  long)  are  covered  with  a 
stnooo  frieze  representing  a  atag-hnnt. 
The  tapeatiyin  the  drawing-room  tells 
the  story  of  Esther  and  Ahasuoms, 
and  the  tapestry  in  tho  state  room 
that  of  Ulysses.  Qneeo  Mary's  bed  is 
in  a  chamber  over  which  are  tho 
letters  M.  B.  The  picture  gnllerr 
contains  maDy  portraits  of  historical, 
thoogb  not  of  artistic,  value.  The 
most  interesting  are  Mary  Q.  of  ScAe 
in  the  10th  year  of  her  captivity.  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Bcsa  of  Hardwick,  Sir  T. 
More,  Lad;  Jane  Ure;,  Geoffrey  Hud- 
son, the  dwBif,  b;  Yandyok,  &c.  Near 
the  mansion  are  the  ivy-covered  ruins 
of  old  ifardmcl;  Hiitl,  built  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VII.  Tho  gianf  8  diamber 
is  so  called  from  2  big  statues  over  tbe 
fireplace.  Prom  Hatdwiok  the  pedes- 
trian can  walk  across  country  to  Clay 
Gross  Btat.  on  the  Midland  mftin  Ijnc, 
about  5  m.  (b)  3  m.  N.E.  to  Clipttoae. 
where  are  the  Duke  of  Portland's  irri- 
gation meadows  and  canal,  conatmoted 
at  a  coat  of  80,0001. ;  they  are  most 
interesting.  2  m.  further  E.  are  the 
niina  of  KiTig  John's  Paiaae ;  henco 
to  Ollerion  (see).  8  m.  N.,  Bolaover 
Castle  (see).  Oj  m.  by  rail  is  Linby 
Stat.,  wnence  it  is  IJ  m.  to  Newstead 
Abbey  (see). 

To  Workaop  (see),  12  m.  N.  by  Sher- 
wood Forest. 

MArLmnuBHAH,  see  Thamet. 

Mapplbtoh,  aee  Dovedale. 


March  (Oamb.)— June.  Btat  Gt. 
E.  Bly.;  alsoCt.  Northern  to  Spald- 
ing, /nni:  Criffin;  White  Hart 
The  Ck.  of  &.  Wendreda  is  worih 
visiting  for  the  sake  of  its  nave  roof, 
which  is  one  of  the  richest  of  its  class. 


290 


MABOATE-MABLBOBOUGH. 


Tha  modem  and  bftd  ohaucel  hM  been 
polled  down,  and  ft  new  one,  in  ex- 
cellent taite,  bnllt  at  the  cost  of  the 
pra«ent  rector,  the  Ber.  J.  W.  Qreen. 
W.  Smith,  Ij<Hidoii,  nrclutecL  At  the 
aame  time  (1875)  the  ch.  was  teeUned. 

Dutanea  bs  rail.— Ely,  15}  m.; 
Pelarbaro',  14}  m.;  WUheadi,  9  m.; 
Whmlaea  (for  Thomer  Abbey),  9^  m. 

ULuumaatoti,  see  CUoxeter. 

Mjimii.ji  Obbbi,  aee  Pmiriih. 

TmwtrguM  ^mt),  Stats.  S.  E. 
EI7.  (90in.&innIjODdon)andL.  C.  A 
D.  lUy.  Bteamen  olao  ftom  London 
in  Bmnmer  time.  Jnni  1  Gliftonnlle ; 
White  Hart ;  Ttvk ;  Duke's  Head ; 
Elephant ;  Carlton, 

A  very  healthy  watorinK-plaoe,  with 
ezoellent  sands  and  bathing  (bathing 
machioea  wen  Invented  and  first  need 
here  about  1750},  aitnated  near  the 
N.  E,  extremity  of  the  I.  of  Thauet. 
In  snmmer-tims  it  is  thronged  with 
Tisitws,  chiefly  from  London.  Ae- 
cending  the  nigh  ground  iioin  the 
■"'  ■  reached  the  pleasant  and 
'  >d  promenade  fronting 
and   Cliftonville.    At 

_ __  __   a  a  delighttol  ramble 

along  the  eande  below  this.  In  the 
same  direction,  3i  m.  S.  E.  from 
Margate.and  passing  3  m.  KingtgiUe,  is 
the  North  Foreland  with  its  Lighthonse 
always  open  to  Tisitors.  The  retani 
may  be  made  from  Broadttain  or 
Bamtgate  Stats.  The  Fier  at  Uargate 
900  ft.  long  and  60  ft.  wide,  is  aleo  a 
very  favourite  resort.  The  minoipel 
Clmrahet  are  the  parish  Ch.  {Si. 
Johrfi),  about  }  m.  from  pier  at  S. 
end  of  the  town,  rontaining  some  fine 
braaaeeand  a  ri<^y  oarved  font  (temp. 
Hen.  TO.);  Trinity  Ch.,  with  fine 
organ  and  tower  (1S5  ft.  high),  built 


. ,  .    ifirmary laat 

Westbrook,  4  m.  Irom  the  town  W. 
and  on  the  road  to  the  new  and 
rapidly  increaong  WEitering-platw, 
Wetimte-on-Eea,  §  an  hour's  stroll 
from  Margaifi  along  the  cliffs. 

Esurttntont. — Bamtddyfrn,  1} 
In  village  of  GarUnge.  Of  the  older 
mansion  the  gateway  alone  remains 
Ifnoip.  eiro.   Hen.  IV.);  thence  to 


Bir(Ainj(to»  (Stat.)  Ca,  2  m.  beyond, 
containing  some  intereating  brasses. 
ratnming  by  Hengrmte,  1  m.  S.  E.  of 
Daimdelyon,  and  SolnierioR,  1  m.  &om 
Margate. 

Di^aneei. — Banutgate,  4)  m.;  Broad- 
stairs,  3  m.;  Bee3.ver»  (see  Heme 
Bay),  9  m. ;  Canterbury,  16  m. ;  Dover, 
21  m.;  Minster,  5  m. 


Stat.  Gt  W.  end  N.  Stiiff.  Rlyi  (Inn: 
Corbet  Anus)— is  a  quiet  little  torn, 
oontaiuing  a  good  Oh.  witii  Norm. 
work.  iSMur»(™  3  m,  on  Stafford  road 
to  Blore  Heath,  where  a  great  battle 
between  the  l4ulcaster  and  York 
parties  in  1159  ended  in  the  defeat  of 
the  lancastrians. 

Market  XIarboTOUSrIi. 
(Leic),  St^.  Midi.  Bly.  and  L.  &  N.  W. 
BI7.  (Bliaworth  Juno.  £  Stamford 
branch)— /nn» ;  Angel ;  Three  Swana ; 
George ;  Peacock— is  a  favonrite  resort 
of  hunting  men  in  winter.  The  Ch. 
(11th  cent,  and  restored)  has  a  beau- 
tiful broach  spire.  It  was  bnilt  by 
John  oF  Oaunt  as  a  penanoe  for  his 
intrigue  nitb  Eath.  Swpifotid,  whom 
he  afterwards  married.  The  geologist 
should  make  an  excursion  to  Nevill 
HoU,  3  ta.  from  Medboome  Bridge 
Stat  (L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.),  where  there 
1  of  oolitio  iron- 


Other  ExDUTiimi  abonld  be  made 
to  BolhteeU,  7  m.  (or  from  Ueaboio', 
Stat-X  where  is  a  very  ancient  Ch. 
formerly  a  monastery;  to  Boshton 
BtaLtoiBtuhlonHaU.  Notice  singular 
building  in  the  Park,  called  "the 
Triangte."  Naselw,  G  m.,  the  aite 
of  the  memorable  defeat  of  Cbas.  I.  by 
Fairfax,  1645,  is  on  N.  side  of  the 
village. 

Good  fiahjng  may  be  had  in  Sad- 
diiMUra  Lake,  7  m. 

narlborouirli  (Wilts.).  Stat 
Gt  W.  Ely.  on  the  Downs  outside  the 
town.  Inns.'  Castle  &  Ball,  beet ,-  Ailea- 
bury  Arma.  A  quaint  old-fashioned 
town,  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley 
of  the  ohatk  range,  on  the  river 
Eennet  and  the  old  Bath  road. 

The  town  conaiata  prindpally.of  one 


MABLBOBOUaH. 


291 


flue  wide  street,  of  luge  and  well-bailt 

At  Uie  W.  end  eUnd  St.  Peter's  Ch. 
and  MnrHxyroagh  College;  in  the 
eroimds  of  the  latter  la  a  fiuoone  Dmi- 
dieal  mound.  At  the  E.,  St,  Motj'b 
Cb.  and  the  Town  Hall. 

The  CoUego  ocoupiea  the  site  of  the 
Norm.  Caatle,  a  lojai  reaidence  during 
several  reigua,  and  the  conntr;  Mat  of 
Lord  Seymoor,  an  adheieot  of  Cbna. 
L  When  a  guest  of  the  Connteaa  of 
Hertford.Thonison  wrote* part  of  hia 
'Seasons'  here;  and  after  the  con- 
version of  the  Caatle  into  an  Inn, 
Iiord  Chatham  stnyed  here  some 
weeks  in  1767.  The  visitor  should 
inspect  tlie  "  Bradley  Memorial  Hall," 
opened  in  1874  to  the  memory  of  a 
former  master. 

The  Gh.  of  PreihuU  (partially  re- 
built), 1  m.  3.W.,  contains  a  black 
basalt  font  of  remarkable  size,  of  the 
early  half  of  the  12th  cent.,  in  which 
tradition  tells  that  King  John  and 
other  royal  personages  were  baptized. 

The  chief  objects  of  interest  in  the 
neighbourlu)od  of  Marlbarough  are 
(1)  Marteosell  Hill  and  the  Wans- 
dyke;  (2)  Saveraake  Forest ;  (3)  Little- 

Excurtioaa : — 

(d)  The  DetriCt  Den,  Avebury  and 
SUbuTp  Hitt.  The  distance  to  Ave- 
bnry  la  6  m.  Leaving  the  town  by 
the  Derizes  road,  with  the  Kennet 
on  the  1.,  at  Ij  m.  we  have  the  en- 
trance to  Clalfmd  Bottom  on  onr  tt. 
through  a  gate  opposile  the  fikna- 
honse    of  Ciatftaai    i  m,  op  this 


nbeis'tl 


winding  grass-clad  combe  is  the  crom- 
lech or  sepulchre  called  the  Devil'i 
Ben.  It  is  about  10  ft.  high,  eon- 
fisting  of  a  slab  stone  some  12  ft.  by 
lo  ft.,  supported  on  2  upright  blocks, 
the  remnant  of  4  which  originaUy 
propped  the  impo»t.  Proceeding  up 
the  valley  the  traveller  will  soon  find 
htiDBelf  entan^ed  among  the  "Grey- 
wethers,"  boulders  of  tartai,  or  silicious 
sandstone,  which  extend  for  upwards  of 
a  mile,  and  present  one  of  the  most 
lemsrliable  geological  phenomena  in 
the  country :  they  are  similar  in  clia- 
lootor  and  age  to  the  blocks  of  Btone- 
heuge.    He  will  tbieail  thia  labyrinth 


of  stones,  and,  ascending  Overton  Hill 

on  the  1.,  proceed  direct  for  Avebnry. 
From  thisliillaneicellentviewof  the 
■nrronnding  country  is  afforded.  The 
village  of  Jvelmry  or  Jbrn-y  is  chiefly 
built  with  the  fragmenls  of  the  huge 
Blone  circles  whioh  have  been  used  as 
a  quarry  for  centuries. 

It  occupies  an  area,  once  partitioned 
into  circular  spaces  by  the  enormons 
stones,  but  new  cut  into  quadrants  by 
roads  from  the  four  cardinal  points, 
and  still  eirt  by  the  original  earthen 
monnd  ana  inner  ditoh.  The  visitor 
should  climb  the  earthen  rampatta  to 
obtain  a  general  view  of  Avebury  and 
its  rem^is.  The  scene  is  one  of 
great  Btngularity ;  but  the  area  within 
the  earthwork  is  now  so  covered  by 
the  village  that  it  is  difBcult  to  an- 
derstand  its  original  arrangements. 
The  weight  of  the  largest  stone  is 
about  62  tons ;  one  of  the  stones,  now 
destroyed,  weighed  90  Ions.  Avebury 
is  uonsideied  by  most  antiquaries  to  bo 
older  tJian  Stonehenge,  and  probably 
dates  from  a  period  antertcn  to  the 
Roman  conquest  of  Britain. 

Av^/ury  Ch.  stands  to  the  W.  just 
ontside  the  huge  earthen  rampart  which 
bos  been  levelied  at  this  point.  It  is  a 
Norman  fabric  of  flint  and  stone. 

SUbmy  Sill  rises  from  the  valley  of 
the  Kennet,  about  1  m.  S.  8.  B.  of 
Avebnry  Gh.  This  gigantic  mound  is 
probably  the  largest  artiflcial  bill  in 
Kurope.  The  shape  is  a  tmncttled 
cone,  1657  ft.  in  circumference  at  tho 
base,  which  occupies  upwards  of  5 
acres  viith  a  diameter  of  552  fL  A 
circle  of  etaien  stones,  3  or  4  ft.  across, 
set  at  intervals  of  about  18  ft.,  sur- 
rounded the  mound  at  ita  bottom ;  but 
few  of  these  ore  now  visible.  Its  height 
is  125  tt,  and  the  diameter  of  the  cir- 
cular area  of  its  sununit  104  fL  The 
object  of  this  enormous  work  has  been 
a  frequent  subject  of  discussion,  but 
we  are  still  destitute  of  any  information 
as  to  when,  by  whom,  and  for  what 
purpose  it  was  formed.  The  visitor 
should  ascend  the  top  for  an  interest- 
ing view. 

(b)  Marleniell,  about  3  m.  S.  of  Marl- 
borough, is  a  flne  bold  hill,  descending 
sheer  on  the  E,,  and  throwing  out  a 


JSARLBOSOVQE—XATLOCK  BATH. 


spar  to  tbe  B.  W.  The  ditoh  and  wot- 
part  of  A  Celtia  oamp  gird  Uie  anmmit, 
encloaiDg  an  uea  of  31  euhes,  and  oant- 
manding  a  distant  view  of  the  en- 
trenched heighta  of  Sidbury,  Clear- 
baiy,  Bratton,  and  Clay  Hill,  of  SaliB- 
bory  Bpire  and  Alfred's  Tower.  If  we 
proceed  W.  irom  HartenBell  along  this 
ridge  of  high  land,  we  shall  reach  to 
BQOcesiion  Heaith  Hillt  remaikable 
for  eitenslTe  veitigea  of  a  British 
village :  Krtami  Eul,  ctovned  by  an 
earthwork  of  high  aotiquitj' :  Walker 
HiU,  above  Alton  Prior,  and  beyond, 
5  m.  W.  of  Slartensell,  St.  Ann's,  tbe 
highest  point  of  tbe  Marlborough 
Downs,  the  site  of  run  Bill  Fair,  held 
annually  on  tbe  6tb  August. 

Tbe  Wansdyke  or  Woden'a  dyke, 
seen  in  its  pristine  state  on  tbe 
downs  between  Savemake  Forest,  and 
Heddington,  Is  gene^iallT  considered 
to  have  been  oonstmcted  by  the  Belgse. 
Tliis  magnificent  earthwork  extended 
Irom  the  woodlands  of  Berkshire  to 
tbe  BeTem.  It  oonsiBtB  of  a  huge 
rampart  and  ditch,  the  ditch  on  the 
northern  side,  aad  runs  in  a  waved 
line  along  tbe  sommit  of  the  hills. 

(cj  Savemake  Forest  and  Totteaham 
Park,  the  domain  of  the  Manjaii     " 
Aileabaty.    The  objects  of  chief 
terest  are   the  Eing'a    Oak,   or 
Duk^t   Vaunt,  an  «ik  of  wonderful 
antiquity,  so  called  from  having  been 
a   favourite   of   Protector   Somerset ; 
tbe  Creeping  Oak,  behind  the  keeper's 
lodge ;   the  aveitne  of^  fieeck,  i  m.  long, 
probably  the  finest  in  the  kingdom ; 
and  Savemake  Foreat  Bouse,  fonneriy 
called  Tottenham  Hotue,  which  is  ac- 
cessible to  the   stranger  during    " 
abseucu  of  tbe   family.    It  is  2 
from  Marlboroogb  to  the  entrance    . 
the  Forest;    3  to  tbe  Eight  Walks, 
from  which  the  King's  Oi^  is  distant 
}   m.,  and    6    to    Bavemake   Forest 
House.    Proceeding  by  tbe  Hnnger- 
ford  road,  the  traveller  will  ente-  "  - 
forest  and  turn  rt.  to  the  great  avi 
whiob  nms  in  a  straight  line  by  tbe 
Eight  Walks    to   the  House.     This 
splendid  toad  forms  a  vista  of  aingular 
grandeur  and    beauW.      In  about 
mile  the  ^U  Walk*  diverge  to 
many  points  of  the  compuH.     Tho 


walk  running  8.  W.  leads    to    the 
Kin^t  Oak. 

Adjtuning  the  Saeenu^  Station,  is 
a  neat  little  Aotel  built  by  the  Uarqnia 

of  Ailesbury. 

UABLDoy,  Bee  Torqaay. 

Mablow,  see  Thamei. 

Mabshchafgl,  see  Gnm»by. 

Mabsiok  Mooit,  see  York. 

Mastensell.  see  Marlborough. 

Habtham,  see  YarmouiA. 

Mai^port  (Camb.).  Stat.]U.£ 
Carlisle  Rly.,  and  L  4  N.  W.  Ely. 
from  Feorith  ( Jnn .-  'Benhouse  Arms, 
Market-plftce)— *n  increasing  seaport 
town.  On  the  cliff,  a  little  to  N.  of 
town,  ere  the  remains  of  the  large 
Boman  station,  probably  Axelodunmn. 
Numerous  Important  remains  of  an- 
tiquity dieoovered  at  this  station  are 
deposited  at  Nether  Hall  (Senhonse 
family),  which  is  aituated  in  a  valley 
on  opposite  side  of  railway.  About  5  m. 
toNiaudlm.  from  JspairioBly.  Stat 
(Inns:  Station  Hotel;  On^>eB)isthe 
small  watering-place  of  ASot^  (Nev 
Jnn),  much  resorted  to  iu  the  bathing 

MASROBoroH,  see  Botherham. 

Matloch  Batb  (Derby.>~ 
Stat.,  Midi.  Rly.  (Jniu :  New  Bath  H. ; 
Walker's  Bath-tertace  H. ;  Temple  H. ; 
Devonshire  ;  Hodgkinson's  Commer- 
cial)—is  the  oeiitre  of  a  most  romantic 
limestone  district,  through  which  the 
Derwent  clears  its  way  in  a  sncoeBsiou 
of  grand  defiles,  and  is  situated  at  the 
southern  flitremity  of  Matlook  Dale. 
Visitors  &om  Ibe  south  travel  via 
Derby  and  Ambeigate  Junction,  both 
about  16  m.  &om  Matlock  Bath; 
whilst  &om  Manchester  (12  m.)  tbe 
route  is  either  by  Midi.  Sij,,  through 
the  romanljc  scenery  of  the  High 
Peak;  orbyL.&N.W.lisetoBuxton, 
where  it  is  necessary  to  change  car- 
risgea.  The  beat  points  of  view  are 
from  Scarihing  Nv:k  at  tbe  8.  entrance. 
Tbe  mineral  waters  ere  largely  chafed 
with  carbonic  acid,  a  source  of  attracUon 
in  the  1  petrifying  wells,  by  which 
birds,  fmit,  eggs,  Ac,  are  covered 
with  a  coating  of  carbonate  of  lime. 
There  is  on  excellent  bath  in  tbe 
New  Bath  Hotel,  and  good  ewim- 
ming    and    private    baus    at    the 


HATFIELD— MELBOVSNE. 


2SS 


"Fonntaiii  Bathf."  The  rtaloctite 
oaTsms  "  Cnmberlaiid,"  "Bpoedwell. 
"  Bntlanil,"  "  DevonaliirB,"  and  High 
Tor  Grotto,  are  tbe  principal  sigbts, ' 
reality  old  worked  out  mines.  A 
miBsion  li.,  bnt  ther  are  onij  worth 
seeing  vben  properly  lighted  ap. 
But  the  chief  beanty  of  Matlock  ia  in 
tbe  walks  along  the  baoka  of  tbe  river, 
reached  by  a  ferry  boat,  and  up  the 
hills.  (a)if<uwR,1000ft.,from^>beace 
there  is  a  wondroas  fine  view,  (b) 
Sigh  Tor,  396  ft  high,  rich  in  limestone 
foBsill.  (c)  The  heightt  of  Abraiam. 
Many  beautiful  walaa  may  be  taken, 
as— To  WirksaoHh  (see),  3  m,  by  B<m- 
euU  EiQdJHtiitJZ^fon,  returning  by  Cnna- 
Jord(see);  WHlertley  CaitU  {^tonnda 
only  opcu  to  visitors  on  Mondays  from 
10  to  6).  At  the  end  of  the  chapel 
walk  ia  Oron^ord  Ch.  and  Tillage  (Grey- 
hound  Hotel,  goodX  inhere  are  the 
extensive  oottoQ  mills  of  F.  Arkwriglit, 
Esq.  Lea  H^tnt,  the  home  of  Miss 
Moi^noe  Nightingale,  3)  m.  from  Mat- 
look  Bath;  Soman,  IJ  m..  with  the 
esquisite  rale  known  as  Via  Odlia; 
Chat*teoHti,lOm.;  Hfidd^in  Ilidl,Sia.: 
Vovedaie  13  m.  At  Matloelc  Bridgt 
(Stat.),  li  m.,  the  Ch.  is  picturesquely 
placed  on  a  cliff  called  Church  Tor. 
Notice  the  roof  of  the  interior,  orna- 
mented <vith  Soriptare  soenes.  Mallock 
Bank,  on  the  opposite  hill,  has  gained 
notoriety  for  its  hydropathic  establish- 

MAiiLDES,see  Amp&HX. 

Matbstn  Bid  ware,  seo  Armitagt. 

Stayfleld  (Sussex).  This  vU- 
Uge  {Inn :  Star)  stands  high,  and  Is 
3  m.  from  Sotherfield  Stat.,  and  g  m. 
from  Tonbridge  Welle.  It  ia  a  good 
centre  &om  which  the  pedestrian  can 
explore  the  pictntesqne  scenery  of  the 
BiirrDonding  district.  Here  wa«  a 
palace  belonging  to  the  Archbishops 
of  CanterbniT,  the  remains  of  which 


eful 


The  P 


were  converted  into  a  nunnery  in  1861 
by  the  Dnchesg  Dowager  of  Leeds. 
^Hie  Oreat  Hall,  the  most  ancient  part 
(circ.  1350)  of  the  building,  has  be- 
come the  chapel,  which  is  obligingly 
shown  by  one  of  the  sisters.  The 
Great  Dining  iJotnn  is  now  converted  i 
into  the   nuns'  dwelliag.      Here  are  | 


still  exhibited  some  venerable  relics. 
The  village  contains  some  very  pictnr- 
esquo  old  houses,  "the  Middle  House,' 
1676,  half-timbered;  "the  Lower 
House,"  of  stone,  temp.  James  I.; 
and  others  of  less  importanoe.  Fntm 
Majflehl  a  loner  spur  of  the  forett 
ridge  may  be  reached  at  Heathfieiil, 
5  m.  B.  by  Jbotfath,  but  8  m.  by 
road.  Tbe  summit  of  the  ridge  will 
be  gained  at  Crott-iTt-hand,  2  m.  W. 
of  Heathfield,  where  is  a  small  coontry 
Jnn,  and  a  Ch.  (erected  1864).  The 
view  from  this  point  is  magniflccnt. 

Heathjield  Park  is  very  fine,  end 
commands  noble  views.  The  mansion 
built  by  General  Elliott,  thenoblu 
defender  of  Gibraltar  against  tho 
Bpanish  and  Fiench,  temp.  Geo.  lU., 
1782.  General  Elliott  for  his  servioes 
was  created  Baron  HeathScld,  and  a 
tower  has  been  raised  in  the  park  (o 
his  memorv.  Keeping  along  the  ridge, 
E.,  towards  Battle,  DaUtngUm,  i  m. 
from  Heathfleld,  commands  a  noble 

'ew  from  the  oh. 

BrigMting  Down,  which  lies  N.  of 
the  road,  is  tho  highest  part  of  Iho 
ridge,  and  the  panonimio  view  &om  it 
is  verv  fine.  Here  Is  an  Observatory, 
built  Iw  Jack  Fnller,  M.P,,  of  Kose 
Uill,  who,  for  swearing  at  the  Speaker 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  was  com- 
mitted to  tbe  Tower.  In  Bose  Hill 
Park,  in    the   parish  of   Brightling, 

1  temples,  built  after  those  of 

auv>c...  Greece  and  Bome,  in  one  of 
which  for  many  years  Fuller  kept  a 
man  free  from  work  on  pxupose  to  see 
how  long  his  nails  on  hands  and  feet 
would  grow.  The  Park  is  walled 
round  tor  miles.  From  Dallinglon, 
the  tomiBt  may  find  his  way  to  Aih- 
bumham  Place  (Earl  of  Ashburiiham), 
3  m.  S,,  which  contains  one  of  the 
finest  collections  in  England  of  MSS. 
and  printed  books,  as  well  as  old  plate 
~nd  armour,    1  m.  E.  of  Ashburnham 

I  BaUle. 

Medusmhah,  see  Thamei. 

MEiFOn,  see  Oneeitry  and  Wdthpool. 

MelanGeLL,  see  Oticeglry. 

nelboume  (Derby.).  Stat. 
Mid.Kly.  TheCA.(restoredbySi!ott)ia 
>ecimBn  of  late  Norman  archi- 
nith  a  massive  tawer  in  the 


2H 


XBLESEAM—MELLJNQ. 


centre,  and  tno  smailer  oues  at  tlie 
Wj  Notice  tho  Norm,  mouldings  of 
the  W.  door,  the  oircolar  apses  of 
the  chanoel,  and  the  oircolar  headed 
Brches  with  dogtooth  moulding,  sepa- 
rating the  nave  Mid  aisles,  ftfonu- 
m«nt8 :  Effigies  of  Hen.  and  Eliz. 
Hardinge,  ifoo. 

Adjoining  the  Tillage  is  Melbourne 
Bull  (piA.  Gooch),  formerly  the  seat 
of  Lord  Melbourne  (from  whom  it  came 
to  bis  sister  the  late  Lady  Palmera- 
lon).  Thogardena(16acres)areinthe 
Dutch  faoliion.  Admission  on  Tnes- 
days  after  2  F.  K.  on  application  to 
the  gardener.  Excursion :  To  the 
earthworks  called  the  Breedon  Bul- 
vfarks,  a  very  little  distance  S.,  where 
tliQ  geologist  will  notice  blocks  of  mill- 
stone grit  built  in,  foreign  to  the 
district  and  probably  bionght  by  the 
glacial  drift  from  the  N.  21  m.  S.  W. 
of  Breedon  is  Staanhm  Harold  (Earl 
Ferrers),  by  Inigo  Jontt,  which  has  a 
beautiful  painted  ceiling  in  the  ball- 
room. The  Chtireh  has  a  wrought-iron 
gateway  between  chancel  and  nave, 
and  is  remarkable  ns  one  of  the  very 
few  built  in  tho  days  of  the  Common- 
wealth. 1)  m.  N.  W.  is  Calke  Abbey 
(Sir  J,  Harpur  Crewe,  Bt.),  a  fine  Ionic 
quadrangular  building,  with  gallery  of 
portraits, 

Melcokbe  Beois,  see  Weymo^itii. 

Mblfohd,  see  Xiong  Mtiford. 

MelkHtanni  (Wilts.).  StAtOt. 
W.  Rly,  Inni:  King's  Arms;  Bear. 
A  clean  town,  situated  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Ama,  and  on  the  Wilts 
and  Berks  canal.  The  principal 
manufacture  is  that  of  dotil.  The 
Avon  is  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge 
of  4  arches,  near  which  is  a  very  large 
corn-mill,  and  a  cloth  Caotory  and  dye- 

The  fine  Ckatdi  (St.  Michael)  in 
part  dates  from  the  12th  cent,  of 
which  the  fiat  buttresses  are 
characteristic 

The  neighbourhood  is  peculiarly 
rich  in  places  of  archn^logical  interest, 
including  Lacock  Abbey,  Spye  Park, 
Broinham,  and  the  manor  nouses  of 
Great  ChaldJUld  and  South  WtcumU. 

LaeoeJc  Abbey  is  3  m.  N.  on  the  rood 
to  Chippenham  (see  Chippenham).   2 


m.  W.  of  Laoock  is  Spj/e  Fark  (see 
also  Chippenham). 

''romAam(4m.)r  — -' ' 


of  cottages,  individually  most  pi«tur< 
esque  (particularly  a  hoetel  called  the 
Greyhound).    Old    Bromham    Honae 


was  erected,  temp.  Heo.  VIII.,  with  the 
spoils  of  Devizes  Castle  and  Corsham 
Manor  House.    Only  part  of  one  wing 

The  C^  is  a  fine  one  with  a  S.  aisle 
to  nave  and  chancel,  and  a  central 
tower  with  stone  spire.  The  prevailing 
stjle  is  Perp. ;  but  the  chancel  is  E-  E. 
witli  a  shafted  eastern  triplet  The 
chancel  aisle,  or  Baynton  chapel, 
temp.  Hen.  Vni^  is  very  rich  both 
within  and  without,  witli  a  flat 
panelled  roof  painted  and  gilt. 

In  the  chnrchyaid  is  tiie  grave  of 
Thomtu  Moore,  tho  poet,  w£>  died, 
1852,  at  his  cottage  at  Sloperton, 
between  Bromham  and  Chitwav. 

At  Oreal  ChaldJUld,  3  m.  W„  are 
the  very  beautiful  and  interesting  re- 
mains of  a  fine  manor-house  of  the 
19th.  cent.  The  elaborate  N.  front 
is  now  nearly  all  that  remains ;  the 
little  Ch.  adjoining  the  house,  N.  E., 
also  has  suffered  greatly  &om  altera- 
tions, but  much  remains  of  beauty 
and  interest. 

2  m.  further  W.  is  the  Manor-house 
of  S.  WraxaU,  a  very  beantiftd  and 
interesting  example  of  mediwval 
domestic  architecture.  At  a  abort 
distance  from  the  house  are  the  re- 
mains of  a  chapel  of  Edw.  I.'s  time, 
turned  into  a  house  of  the  17th  cent, 
and  still  further  modernised. 

inellln|r(Lanc.).  Stat  Fumess 
and  Hidl.  BIy.  The  Oh.  is  famous 
for  the  profusion  of  its  stained  glass, 
and  has  also  a  chantry  colled  ihe 
Morley  Chapel  at  E.  end  of  S.  aisle. 
1}  m.  N.  on  the  bank  of  the  Oreta  is 
Thurldnd  Caitie  (N.  Burton,  Esq.),  one 
of  the  old  moated  houses,  in  good  prc- 
serration.  It  was  besieged  and  dis- 
mantled in  theoivil  war,  but  rebnilt  by 
Sir.  J.  Wyatt.  TumUii  Ch.,  at  back  of 
the  Park,  contains  mutilated  effli^  to 
Sir  T.  TnnstaL  \im.  further  N.  is 
Barrow  HaU  (K  M  J'enwick,  Eaq.),  on 
site  of  a  Boman  camp  (BremelotwcB), 

Mbltok  Coxbtable,  see  Soli. 


MELTON  MOWBBAY—MIDDLETON. 


—Stat  Midi.  Bij.  (Jtma 
Biran;  GootgeJ,  is  oalebrated  for  being 
the  resort  of  tlie  hunting  commimity, 
who  throng  it  in  the  winter.  A  cou- 
sidemble  bade  is  carried  on  in  Stilton 
cheese  and  pork  pies — about  2  tone  of 
the  latter  being  manufBctnred  and 
sent  away  weeldy.  The  Cfi.  is  a  very 
line  crooifonn  building—  a  cathedral  in 
minfatnre.  The  W.  front  ia  E.E.; 
the  B.  transept  is  rather  later — the 
clarestory  ia  Perp.  and  contains  *8  win- 
dows. Notice  the  beautifol  W.  poich 
with  its  8  niches.  HotiameiU  in  S. 
aisle  to  a  crusader.  The  Bom.  Calh. 
Ch.  by  Pagin  is  w(nth  seeing  tor  its 
etained  glass. 

SxcuTiiimg. — (a)  1^  m-  S.to  Bxirton 
Ziozari,  where  are  traces  of  a  leprosy 
hospital,  founded  1135. 

(o)  6  m.  fi.  to  Burrow,  where  there 
(ire  remains  of  a  lai^  KomaD  camp 
and  an  interesting  ch.  5  m.  S.  W.,on 
road  &xim  Iieiceater  to  Uppingham,  is 
the  beautifolty  eitnated  and  irregnlar 
Tillage  of  BiUeidon,  where  there  is 
another  camp.  About  half-way  be- 
tween the  2  Tillagea  is  Loeebu  Hall 
(Sir  F.  T.  Fowke),  where  Mrs.  Hutch- 
inson wrote  great  put  of  her  memoir 
of  her  husband.  T}jere  is  good  roach 
£shing  between  Melton  Mowbray  and 
Byston,  a  distance  of  9  m. 

Henai  Bbidoe,  see  Bangor. 

Mentuobe,  see  LeigbUm. 

HsppBEtSHALL,  Bee  Sheford. 

Uebbihotdh,  see  Bp.  Awikiand, 

MUMiF.*  Isuin),  see  Brightlingiea. 

Hbbton,  see  Wimbledon. 

Mettikqbaii,  see  Bimgay. 

MiTAaiBSET,  see  8t.  AatteU. 

ailcklehain  (Sarrey).  The 
nearest  nilvtay  station  ia  the  Bos  Hill 
Stat,  of  the  L.  B.  &  8.  C.  Ely.  at  Burford 
Bridge,  IJ  m.  6.  of  Mickleham  Oh. 

TheTillageis  situated  in  the  beauti- 
ful vale  of  Mickleham,  midway  (2Jm.) 
between  Leatherhead  and  Dorking. 
Intu:  Bnnning  Horse  Hotel,  Mick- 
leham ;  Fox  and  Hounda  Tnn,  Bnrford 
Bridge  (see  Dorking). 

The  vale  of  Mickleham  extends  foe 
nearly  4  m.  from  Leatherhead  to  Bur- 
ford  Bridge,  at  the  fbot  of  Box  Hill. 
For  the  first  taHe  or  more,  with  the 


Hole  on  your  right  hand,  flanked  t^ 
the  lower  slopes  of  Feteham  Downs 
and  the  rich  wood«  of  TJoibarr,  and 
on  1.  the  steep  Mieklebam  Downs, 
with  tempting  green  lante  leading  ap 
to  them,  the  iale  is  beMttiflU  fluoogh- 
ont.  These  Downs  aUbrd  splendid 
views,  and  will  lepay  the  labour  of 
the  ascent. 

N.  of  Mickleham  is  Xoiimry  Park 
(trustees  of  the  late  Mr.  Thos.  Grissell\ 
perhaps  the  most  piotnresqnely  sitnatea 
ttonse  in  the  ooontry.  Tne  park  con- 
tains aboat  300  acres,  and  is  traversed 
by  3  public  footpaths. 

MnDLEH&H,  see  NortTianerion. 

niddlesbrouiTli  (Torksh.). 
Stat.  N.  £.  Bly.  Inns:  Boyal; 
Talbot. 

This  town,  situated  at  the  month  of 
the  Tees,  is  "  the  most  remarkable 
seat  of  the  iron  manufaoture  in 
Enrope,"  Its  rise  baa  been  un- 
paralleled, and  an  entirely  new  town 
created  since  1829.  The  pop.  in  1871 
was  43,017,  and  increases  at  the  rate  of 
more  than  1000  a  year.  The  streets  of 
small  honses  are  darkened  by  the 
smoke  of  euormons  blast  foroaces,  and 
scarcely  a  blade  of  grass  and  not  a 
single  tree  to  relieve  their  dreariness. 
There  ia  a  dock  with  an  area  of  12 
acrea  capable  of  accommodating 
vessels  up  to  3000  tans  burden.  Uok 
than  one  million  tona  of  pig  iron  are 
produced  here  anniudly.  Some  of  the 
works  are  well  worth  seeing ;  bnt  for 
this  special  permission  is  required. 
(Application  ahonld  be  made  at  the 
office  attached  to  the  works.) 

Near  the  railway  station  is  the  Inn- 
masters'  and  General  Exchange,  hnilt 
1868,  atscoet  of3S,0O02.  A  theatre, 
free  library,  concert  halls,  and  other 
buildings  have  also  been  established. 
The  A&ert  Park,  an  enckianTe  of  72 
acres,  1  m.  from  Middlesbcongh,  waa 
given  to  the  town  by  late  H.  W,  F. 
Bolckow,  Esq.,  in  1866. 

Distance!  (by  rail). — Bedoar,  20  mio .; 
Saltbum,  35  min.;  Stockton,  10 
min. ;  Darhngton,  10  min. 

IHIdaietOn  (I«ncBBh.)-Stat. 
L.  &  Y.  Bly.  (Inn.-  Boar's  Head); 
Pod  Office,  Mortet-plooe— is  a  brisk 
roannfactnring  town,  at  the  head  of  the 


XIDHUBS7\—MILF0SD. 


Itk.  Tlie  Ch.  ia  intereBting,  and  bai 
8  chapels:  ABsheton,  BecWs  and 
Hopwood.  In  the  flnt  (S.E.)  are 
monamentfi  to  the  Aubetou  familj, 
and  the  annonty  of  Bir  Bichaxd  A., 
which  ha  deposited  oa  his  return  from 
Flodden,  la  the  Bector'a  chapel 
is  et&ined  glam  portrait  of  Thomas  de 
Langley,  ChancelloT  of  England.  The 
Hopwood  Chapel  ha*  moQamenta  of 
the  Uopwoods.  Notice  the  oak  eereen 
between  the  nave  and  chancel,  aereral 
good  brattet,  and  the  ttaitied  glntg 
window  Bappoacd  to  repreaent  the 
loaders  of  the  Middleton  bowtnen  at 
Flodden  Field.  The  BeiOory  a  an  old 
pattially-moaled  hoiue  with  buttreaaea 
and  loopbolcd  wall. 

HlDDLBTOtf-IN-TEUDAL^  060  Airn- 

ardCattk. 

M1SD1.BTON.ONE-BOW,  see  Darting- 

MiDDLEZOT,  aae  Bridgaaier. 

Klldtaurat  (Suaaei).  Stat  8.  W. 
Ely.,  ftom  Petcrafield  (.(i4|  m,  from 
London),  and  L.  Ji,  &  S.  C.  Ely, 
(Glm.).  Inns:  Angel;  Eagle;  New 
Inn.  The  town  Etanda  on  an  eminence 
above  the  Bother  (good  trout  fishing), 

Tho 

"  Bcbola  Gtatomatifalia,"  which  catches 
the  eye  on  entering,  was  foimded  by 
OUbert  Hannam  in  1672,  and  has  eu- 
joved  conaiderablo  leputal^OQ.  Sii 
Cnarlea  Lyell   and   Bichard  Cobden 


,t  of  ii 


The  ruiiia  of  Cmcdray,  approached 
from  the  town  through  wide  iron  gates, 
alionld  be  visited  by  the  tctuiBt. 

Cowdray  remained  in  the  handa  of 
the  Bohnna  nntil  the  reign  of  Hen. 
Vin.  In  1843  it  waa  sola  to  the  Earl 
of  Egmout,  who  has  a  modem  cottage 
residence  in  the  pork.  The  grand  old 
house  waa  destroyed  by  fire  in  1793. 
The  iTy-covcred  ruins  are  of  conaider- 
ahle  beauty;  and  the  Park,  full  of 
heights  and  hollows,  deacrvea  all  pos- 
sible eiploiatioii. 

About  11  m.  8.  B.  of  Midhnr^t  ia 
JhmfordSoWB,  on  the  eatate presented 
to  Mr.  Cohden,  by  the  aapportera  of 
the  Anti-Com-Law  League. 

HlldenliaU  (Saffblk).     Jnn.- 


BelL  This  town  lies  8  tn.  S.  of  the 
HildenhaU  road  BtaL,  G.  E.  Bly. 
But  the  best  way  of  reaching  it  is  either 
by  .Newmorfot,  9  m.,  or  from  Kennel 
Stat,  on  the  Caiabridge  and  Bory  Line, 
it  m.,  where  a  fly  from  the  Bell  Inn 
may  be  ordered  to  meet  the  traveller. 
It  can  also  be  reached  fVom  Thetford 
Slat.,  12  m.,  and  hy  this  route  aji  op- 
portnnity  is  afforded  of  driving  through 
the  well-stocked  preserves  attached  to 
Elvedan  HtM,  the  residence  of  Piiuce 
IMeep  Singh. 

Tlie  Ch.,  dedicated  to  the  Blessed 
Virgin,  Is  large,  and  of  considerable 
interest ;  the  <£uicel  principally  K  B., 
the  nave  Perp.  The  chancel  arch 
ia  fine  and  lofty;  with  good  mool- 
dings  and  tooth  ornament.  The  roofs 
of  the  nave  and  aisles  deserve  especial 
notice.  The  N.  porch  is  very  fine  and 
large,  with  a  groined  roof  of  atone,  and 
a  room  over  it.  The  Market  Ctom  ia  a 
good  Porp.  stniciure,  entirely  of  wood. 
Close  to  the  ch.  is  the  JTonor  Souie, 
(Sir  Charles- Bunbuiy,  Bart.),  built  in 
the  beginning  of  the  ITth  centntr. 

IMlMord,  HIlforA  Ha- 
ven, and  ar«w  miford 
(Pemb.),  The  Stat,  at  Jtfew  MUford 
(itai :  South  Wales,  ve^  oomfbrlsble) 
is  the  terminus  of  the  S.  Wales  Rly., 
and  is  situated  directly  opposite  Pem- 
broke Dock,  or  FaUr  and  ifoU'a  Poinl, 
The  haven  here  (IJ  m.  wide)  ia 
crossed  by  a  steam  tory,  which  plies 
several  times  a  day  between  Bobb's 
Point  and  New  Milford.  The  railway 
(2S5  m.  from  London)  runs  down  to 
the  vrater'a  edge,  where  paaeengeis  and 
baggage  are  traJiaferTed  to  tlie  Irisli 
steamers,  which  proceed  to  Woteifbrd 
(daily),  and  to  Cork  (3  times  a  week). 
Frem  Johnat^ne  Juno,  a  short  bTanch 
line  runs  to  the  town  of  Md/ord  ( Jnn  : 
Lord  Nelaon),  which  ia  splendidly 
situated  on  the  rt.  side  of  the  Haven 
about  6  m.  firom  its  month.  The  scenery 
around  is  very  picturesque.  The 
estuary  of  MUford  Haven  atrelclies  for 
ID  m.  inland,  varying  in  breadth  from 
1  to  2  m.,  having  5  baya,  10  creeka, 
nnd  13  roadsteads  affording  anchDrage 
to  the  largest  ships.  It  ia  strongly 
Gntifled  at  varions  points  by  tha 
Goveniment 


MILLER'S  DALE—m)N3tOVTB. 


297 


Miller's  Bale(I>etby.>-Stat 

Uidl.  SIt.  (Inn  .•  The  A^Ibi'b  Best)— 
is  one  of  me  most  beautifdl  of  the  Derby- 
shire dajea,  throngh  which  the  Wye 
flows  between  snocesaiTe  ranges  of  lime- 
stone rocka.  Qood  tiout  and  gtayling 
Ashing  in  (he  Dove. 

ExatrgUmi. — (a)  1  m.  to  Chee  Tor,  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  district.  (^)  3  m. 
N.E.  to  Tidxtmdl  (Jnn:  Geoi^),  ft 
small  town  on  the  moors  with  a 
magniflcent  old  Dec,  Ch.  etdled  "  the 
Cathedrel  of  the  Peek."  It  Is 
cracifonn,  and  has  a  W.  tower  with  8 
pinnacles.  It  contains  momunents  to 
(1)  R.  PnrBglove,  Bp.  of  HtOl  (temp. 
tSaxy'),  with  a  snpetti  brass ;  (2)  John 
Foljambe;  135S;  (3) brass  of  Samson 
Meverell,  1462. 

Mill  Hill,  sec  Eeadoa. 

Milton  Abbex,  see  Sland/ord. 

Milton,  see  Cambridge. 

mine binbmuu ton  (GIo's.) 
— li  m.  S.  of  Bfimsoomb  Slat.,  G.  W. 
Rly.  ( Jnn ;  Crawn) — is  a  most  pictur- 
esque Uttle  town,  built  of  oolite,  on  a 
high  lidga  of  ground  just  above  the 
Stiond  TUley,  and  overlooking  the  most 
ohanning  scenery.  Inhabitants  prin- 
cipally  engaged  in  the  cloth  trade. 
The  Ch.  (rebuilt  1812)  is  cruciform. 
The  S.  transept  (date  liI82)  lias  effigies 
of  Sir  John  de  la  Mere  and  wife,  in 
arcades  under  a  very  elegatit  rose  win- 
dow. There  are  sevenU  good  brasses. 
JUincAtnAoDipton  Commim,  60011  abovo 
sea-level,  is  a  great  resort  foi  invalids. 
On  the  W.  side  of  the  town  is  Amberley, 
I  m.  irom  Woodchestor  Stat  Midi.  Blj., 
thesiteofalaige  Saxon  camp.  Lodgings 
are  much  eought  after  here  In  summer- 
time. Ezcartion,  2}  m.  B.  to  Avening — 
a  fine  old  cruciform  ch. 

HiNXHEAD,  see  XiyBtcm, 

MiNFFORDD,  see  VolgelUy. 

MiNsrEB,  see  Shcemen. 

MiNSTEB  LovBLL,  See  Witney. 

MISSBHDKM,  see  Anureham. 

HiHTLBT,  see  Xanninglree. 

MrrroRD,  see  Morpeth. 

ISrrmn,  see  CUthiroe  and  WTiaUey. 

MooEBAB,  see  Harlech. 

MoDBCBT,  see  Dartnumih  and  Kiixgt- 

MoEL  SuBODk  see  Capel  Carig. 
mold  (Flint).  Btat,  192  m.  fi«m 


Euston  Square  vi^  Chester;  (  hr. 
by  rail  from  Chester.  Jnn .'  Black 
Lioa  Hotel  A  flourishing  little 
town,  the  centre  of  the  coal  district 
of  Flint  The  Ch.,  chiefly  of  the 
15th  cent  and  restored,  Is  one  of  the 
most  perfect  in  Wales;  the  chancel, 
by  Sir  O.  Or.  Scott,  is  a  tribnte  to  the 
memory  of  Rev.  H.  W.  Ejton ;  the 
stained  glass  is  nnnsualiy  rich  and 
varied ;  Richard  Wilson  the  landscape 
painter  is  buried  in  the  ch.-yd.  U 
m.  S.  of  the  town  is  the  curions  resi- 
dence of  Tower,  the  main  feature  of 
which  is  a  tall  machicolated  tower 
of  15th  cent,  on  one  side  of  wbich  is  a 
house  of  time  of  Queen  Anne ;  inside, 
at  S.E.  angle,  a  circular  turtet  Maircase. 
Dielancet. — Flint,  7  m.  by  road; 
Denbigh,  17  m.  by  rail ;  Ruthin,  10  m. 

MoLTOH  (North  and  South),  sea 
Barn^aple. 

Monkey  Island,  see  Maidenhead. 

MoNKTON,  see  ^nderiaivd. 

HoNSTON  PAsuaoH,  Bee  Bradford 
(Wilts.). 

MoNKWBAiutocTH,  BOC  Smtderload. 

noniUOuth  (Mon.),  145  m. 
from  London,  Q,  W,  Ely.  (Boss  and 
Pontypool  branch),  also  via  Chepstow 
(141i  m.),  and  tbenco  by  Wye  Valley 
Rly.  (1  hr.),  one  of  the  most  charming 
rentes  in  the  kingdom.  Fassonaers 
coming  from  Ross  get  out  at  l^e  May 
HiUStat;  Whilst  £ose  from  Pontypool 
road  JuQO.  and  from  Chepstow  arrive 
first  at  the  Troy  Stat  The  railway 
connects  the  two  Btationa,  and  omnibuses 
meet  the  trains.  2iin< ;  "Beaufort  Arras; 
King's  Head ;  White  Swan ;  Angel. 
The  town  is  finely  situated  at  the  con- 
flneneo  of  tho  Monnow  with  the  Wyo, 
with  lofty  wooded  hills  on  every  side. 
Notice  the  old  gateway  on  tlie  britfee 
over  the  Monnow  river  (on  the  road  to 
Troy  Stftt)and  the  small  Norm.  Ch.  (re- 
stored)  adjoining  J  also  the  large  projec- 
ting window  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's 
library,  in  the  remains  of  the  Priory 
which  face  the  road  on  N.  side  of  St. 
Mary"!  Ch.,  in  the  centre  of  the  town. 
The  chief  attraotiona,  however,  aie  out- 
side the  t^iwn. 

EiiCTtrnon*.— (o)  To  the  Eymia,  a 
lofty   hill   (nearly  700  ft  above  the 


M0NX0VTS—M0NTQ0XEB7. 


Vje)  OD   B.  aide  of  the  town,  &i 
tiie   summit  of  which  ia  a  glorii 

Corama.  To  get  to  it  croee  t 
,pe  over  tlie  Wje,  and  a.  little  be- 
yoDd  tnm  I.  (the  Coleford  road),  and  a 
sign  post  points  to  the  route.  On  the 
Bumtsitaie  a  pavilioaand  temple,  built 
(1800)  to  record  the  naval  Tictonea 
obtaiued  by  the  English  during  the 
American  war.  Thence  it  is  a  beautiful 
walk  (about  1  m.  S.E.)  through 
Bewdley  wood  to  the  BnekiUme,  a. 
fantousDniidica]  locking  stone.  F 
this  Logun  rock  it  is  about  j  m. 
the  village  of  Slaaniort,  where  the 
earefnlly  kept  little  lato  Norm.  CIi.  ia 
worth  visiting.  A  raised  walk  on  N. 
side  of  the  Ch,  lead^,  in  about  150  ;ds,, 
to  a  spot  called  "  LHrable  View,"  com- 
manding a  beautiful  prospect  of  the 
sloping  woods  beyond.  2  m.  from 
Staunton  U  Caleford  (Angel  Hotel). 
The  road  between  Monmouth  and 
Staunton  affords  beautiful  prospects  of 
the  Wye  and  the  densely  wooded  UiUi 
on  either  side  of  it,  and  Uie  tourist  b 
recommended  to  walk  or  drive  along 
tbia  route,  making  his  visit  to  the 
Kymin  a  separate  excursion.  About 
2)  m.  from  Monmouth  he  will 
arrive  at  the  foot  of  the  Buckstone 
(a  white  post  marks  the  position  of  the 
rockinK  stone  on  the  very  apci  of  the 
hill,  which  is  plainly  viaible  before 
reaching  the  bill).  He  ehould  ascend 
the  hill  at  this  point  (sending  on  the 
carriage  to  meet  bim  at  Stannton),  and 
after  inspoctinc;  the  Logan  rock  descend 
on  the  otUer  aide  along  the  outside  of 
the  Btouo  wall,  rejoining  the  main  read 
close  to  the  ch.  at  SlauuCon.  From 
hero  ho  can  drive  to  Syraom^s  Yat 
(see  Wye  Tour),  though  a  far  more 
picturesque  toute  to  this  spot  is  by 
train  from  ite  May  HUl  Slat,  to 
S.  Yat  Stat.  (11  mins.  ride),  the 
railway  skirting  the  river  the  whole 
way.  Thetonnstshouldonno  account 
omit  to  take  the  train  between  Mon- 
mouth and  Chepstow  (Wye  Valley 
Bly.,  opened  1  Nov.  1876),  stopping  at 
Tintem  (see  Cfiepstow),  going  oi  re- 
turning. About  i  hr.  by  rail  from  the 
Ttoy  Stat,  and  S  m.  by  road,  is  BagUiTt. 
In  the  centre  of  the  village  (Znn: 
Beantbrt  Aims)  ia    the    Notm.   Oh., 


restored  1S68.  NoMce  especially  the 
Beaufort  Chapel  and  chancel ;  Iubbb  in 
memory  of  Somerset  family ;  painted 
window  tu  lato  Lord  Haglao,  i,  1855. 
About  i  m.  from  the  village  are  the 
ruins  ol  the  Cantln,  erected  probably  in 
the  15th  cent.,  ejid  surrendered  to  the 
Parliamentary  forces  under  Sir  ThoQuia 
Fairfax,  after  a  noble  resistance  fi>r  10 
weeks  by  the  veteran  Marquia  of  Wor- 
cester, tten  in  his  84th  year.  The  niina 
are  pleasantly  explained  by  the  intelli- 
gent warder.  Other  eicuiBioua  are  to 
Utk.  12  m.  GToamont  Cattle,  10  m.  I^ 
road,  situated  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Monnow,  once  the  bvourite  lesi'- 
dence  of  Dukes  of  Lancaster.  Observe 
the  beautiful  decorated  chimney.  To 
St.  BriaveCi  Caitla  and  Ch.,  8  m.  (see 
Nttcland).    To  Abergaiienny,  17  m. 

MontiTOiiiery  (Montgomery.), 
Stat,  213  m.  &om  Eustun  Square  ;  1{ 
hr,  by  rail  from  Shrewsbury;  and  in- 
cluded in  L.  &  N.  W,  Snowdon  Circnlar 
Tour.  Inni:  Dragon  Hotel,  com- 
fortable and  clean ;  Wynuat&y  Anil& 
A  pleasant  sleepy  town,  overlooked  bj 
the  scanty  ruins  of  the  CaeUe  (temp. 
the  Conqueror),  which  ia  magnificentlj 
situated  on  a  projecting  toi^ue  of  rock, 
with  deeply  scarped  aides.  On  an 
eminence,  aoparated  hy  a  deep  holW 
on  tlie  W.  side,  is  the  fine  British  canqi 
of  F/rid  Faldviyn,  which  should  be 
ascended  fbithesoteof  the  veir  lovely 
view.  The  ck.  has  some  good  lancet 
windows  and  E.-E.  piers,  and  fine  tim- 
beredroof,  IntheN.E.partofthetowu 
ia  the  site  of  Blade  Hdl,  birthplaoeof 
Geo.  Hethert. 

S^mtiont. — To  Xrvmore  Park  and 
Chvrehiloke !  1  m.  6.  E.  is  Ljpaon 
Park,  the  seat  of  Lord  Powis ;  Out 
house  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  do- 
meatio  architectnte  of  the  16th  cent., 
and  the  whole  of  the  E.  side  of  the  parte 
is  bounded  by  Offa'a  Dyke.  2  m. 
further  on,  the  road  diverges  in  3  direc- 
tions :  (1)  B.E.  about  5^  m.  to  Bishop's 
Castle ;  (2)  rt  about  5  m.  to  Ker^; 
a  pleasant  round  may  be  made  by 
taking  the  3rd  load  which  leads  I.  for 
rather  more  than  1  m.  to  Churchtlolu,  | 
proceeding  whence  N.,  abont  IJ  m.  i 
ou  rL,  is  Comdon  JKH,  where  ia 
a  famous  bed  of   Trilobitea;    IJ  m. 


MOSTGOMERY—MOSETON  BAlfPSTBAV. 


further  on,  on  it.  is  tbe  fine  timbered 
nansion  of  MarringUm  Ball,  i  m. 
beyond  vMch  is  ChirbuTy  ynVix  ita  in- 
teresting ch. !  retumiQKneDce  2} m.  I. 
to  Montgomery.  To  Welthpoot  S  m. ; 
31  N.  is  NanUribba,  a  Kttle  beyond 
vhich  is  Heath  Inn;  irhence  the 
tourist  may  either  follow  the  turnpike 
laid  whieli  crosses  tbe  Seretn,  or  tnke 
the  nmd  rt.,  wblch  'pameaLeightonHaU, 
and  thence  by  feny  over  canal  at 
"Leightoii  Ford,  to  WcUbpooI  (whiob 

To  Nealinitn  9  m, ;  at  4  m.  Abermtde 
(Stat.),  a  little  beyond  which  tbe  rottd 
crosses  the  Severn  atDalfora^  Hall 
(Mrs.  Pryce),  on  wooded  amiuence  above 
whidt  are  the  slight  remdns  of  Dol- 
/oncyn  Cattle,  occupying  tbe  site  of  a 
British  camp ;  the  tourist  may  direrge 
2  m.  farther  W.  to  the  pretty  viUafte 
of  Bettat  Cedeven,  with  a  steeple 
'  called ''CainpBnile"bniltinl531. From 
Abermulo  the  main  road  may  be  con- 
tinued 5  m.  along  rt  bant  of  Severn 
through  a  prettily  undulating  cooutry  to 
Neietoan,  or  a  road  1.  of  3  m.  taken  up 
tlie  valley  of  the  Mule  to  the  pretty 
village  of  Kerrg  (see  Netetovm). 
From  Keny  it  is  possible  to  rctom 
to  Montgomery  by  another  route  of 
about  6i  m.  1^  Llanfair  11  m. 
Leaving  Montgomery  W.  at  4  in.  is  tbe 
viliageof  Berrine;  hence  it  is  7  m.  to 
Llanfojr,  passing  at  3}  m.  CaiUtt  Cavr 
Einitm  {see  WeUhpod). 

Ditlaitcei. — Shrewsbury,  by  road  22 
m. ;  Osweatry,  by  rail  1  hr.  5  min. ; 
Welshpool,  a>  min, ;  Kerry,  by  Abor- 
mnle  June,  40  min. ;  Nevrlown,  20  min.; 
LliuiidloeB,  1}  hr. ;  Dinas  Mowddny, 
2  bra. ;  Machynlleth,  1  hr.  40  tnin. ; 
Aberystwitb,  2|  hrs. 

Moor  Pabe,  see  Fanham. 

MoRECAMBB,  see  Laneotter. 

Moreton  Hampstend 
(Devon.).  Stat.,  S.  Devon  Bly,  12^  m. 
from  Newloa  June,  and  12  m.  by  road 
from  Exeter,  (/biw;  White  Hart; 
'White  Horse) — is  situated  in  a  wild 
and  beaatifnl  country  on  the  border  of 
VarlmooT,  and,  swept  by  the  purest 
and  most  invigorating  breezce,  is  re- 
markable for  its  salubrity.  The  posi- 
tion of  the  Ch.  (Perp.)  is  very  beauti- 
ftil.      For   some    of    the   ExeuTnimf 


which  may  be  made  from  here  see 
-Bovtiy,  and  DaHmoor.  A  pleasant 
day's  ramble  may  be  mode  to  Prince 
Town  by  Post  Bridge  (see  Dartmoor), 
JVanoion.  Smmd  Tor,  and  Megtor  (see 
Bovey)  are  within  oasj  day^s  excur- 
sions. LuMeigh  Cleave  (see  Borey)  is 
best  visited  fiom  Morelon  by  tlioso 
who  must  drive  to  it.  Observe  at  N.  W. 
end  of  tJie  Oleave,  a  picturesque  old 
water-mill.  FingU  Bridge,  4  m.  ; 
WooiUm  CaOU,  above  Clifiord  Bridge 
(3  m.) :  and  Blackin^eUme  Bock  (2  m.) 
are  Interesting.     Grtmtpound  moat  on 


account  be  neglected  by  anv  or 
hing  to  make  himself  properly  ac- 
quainted with  the  primnval  antiquities 


of  Dartmoor.  It  is  situated  about  7  di. 
W,  of  Moreton,  and  3  m.  W.  N.  W.  of 
Maoaton.  In  summer-time,  an  omni- 
bus rui]S  S  times  a  week  to  Chagford, 
4  m.,  a  sttnggling  village  of  consider- 
able resort  (inna.-  Hoot  Park  Hotel, 
very  conifoiiahle,  a  table  d'h6te  in 
Bununer-time;  also  a  billiard  room; 
Three  Crowns,  a  picturesque  old  house 
opposite  tbe  Ch,;  King's  Arms.  There 
are  also  numerous  lodgings — a  very 
pleasant  one  at  Warren  Hill,  i  m.  from 
the  villflgo).  A  coach  starts  every 
mornmg  to  meet  the  Exeter  train  at 
North  Tatuton,  returmng  to  Chagford 
in  the  aftemooo.  At  Mr.  Perrott's, 
vihere  carriages  also  may  be  hired,  tbe 
stranger  may  ongi^  a  Dartmoor  guide. 
Here,  as  at  Moroton,  the  air  is  pure 
and  bracing,  and  the  scenery  in  the 
neighbourhood  is  lovely.  The  artist 
and  botanist  will  find  plenty  of  pleasant 
employmeul,  whilst  tuo  excursions  for 
tbe  ordinary  tourist  aro  legion.  The 
district  is  also  rich  in  antjqoities. 
These  can  be  seen  in  two  days.  On  the 
Srat.  visit  Finele  Bridge,  Spinsters' 
Rook  (a  cromleob),  and  return  1^ 
Gidleigh  (post).  In  thU  excursion 
tlie  sitisl;  especially  should  include 
Bradmere  Pool,  about  100  yds.  beyond 
(N.)  the  Spinsters' Bock.  Onthasecond 
day,  proceed  by  Holy  Street  and 
Gidleigh  Park  to  SeorhiU  Chde; 
aaoeud  Keitor  (1417  ft),  the  view  from 
which  is  magnificent  ;  follow  tbe 
stream  to  SUta/ord  Tot;  inspect  the 
bridge  on  the  Teigu  and  the  circles 
called   the  Orey  Wethert,  and  return         


800 


M0RET0N-m-MAB8H~M0BPETS. 


by  the  Ferauorthi)  (Xrde  h>  Chagfotd. 

A  thive  days'  pedestrian  excursion 
may  be  higbly  reconunended.  ]«t  day, 
from  CbBgford  by  Cawsand  Beacon, 
Yea  Tor,  and  the  W.  Okement  to  tie 
Dartmoor  Hotel,  a  clean  little  road- 
Bide  inn  on  the  road  from  Lidford  to 
Okebampton,  or  to  the  Manor  Hotel  by 
the  waterisll  at  Udford,  in  all  about 
17  m.  2nd  day.  by  Great  Mia  Tot  to 
Prince  Town,  about  14  m.  3ni  day. 
to  Gtimspoond,  and  then  striking  N. 
over  the  moor  to  the  sources  of  the 
Teign,  follow  the  lirei  to  Chagford, 
about  14  m.  Other  eicursiona  should 
be  made  to  Whyddon  Park,  2  a, ;  to 
GidleigU  Park,  Ch.,  and  Cattle,  i  m.; 
thence  to  Throteleigh,  2  m.,  and  Brad- 
mere  Pool,  2i  m.,  or  from  Throwieigh, 
over  Cawsand  to  Ofceftomplon.  Cran- 
mere  Pool  may  also  be  visited  from 
Chagford.  It  is  situated  about  2  m. 
due  W.  of  Walem  Tor.  A  walk  of 
somo  labour  and  not  to  be  laken  in 
doubtful  weather,  but  one  to  be  other- 
wise highly  recommended,  is  that  by 
Walem,  Wild,  and  Stoeperton  Torn  to 
Betiione,  about  12  m.  (see  Dartmoor.) 

n  oreton-iii-]n[ftntli  (Olost.) 
6tat.  G.  W.  Ely.  (Jnn;  White  Hart) 
— in  the  centre  of  several  important 
thorougbfarea  which  radiate  from  it. 

li  m.  Satiford.  This  parish  is  a 
small  entrencbment  almost  entire,  sup- 
posed to  be  of  Homait  constmction. 
The  Cb.  has  some  good  monumenla. 

i  m.  Compiort  Pama.  On  a  point 
of  land  in  this  parishapedestAl,  known 
OS  the  i-Shire  Stone,  is  placed  to  de- 
note the  spot  at  which  the  1  Shires 
of  Oxford,  Glonceeter,  Worcester,  and 
Warwick  meet,  the  namsB  of  which  are 
cut  on  the  i  sides  of  the  pillar. 

3  m.  N.  E.  ChoiOeton  HaU  (W.  W. 
Jones,  Esq.).  This  was  one  of  the 
manors  sold  by  Gatesby  to  provide 
fnnds  for  carrying  out  the  Giunpowder 
flot.  It  was  purchased  by  Walter 
Jones,  who  erected,  between  1603  and 
1630,  the  present  mansion,  a  fine  speci- 
men of  Jacobean  architecture.  Tbech., 
a  Trans.-NomukQ,  and  E.-E.  ediSce,  has 
its  tower  curiously  placed  over  the  8. 

6  m.  ShipOon-on-Slonr  (Inn» ;  *Bell ; 
'George,  a  pleaaaat  country  inn)  is  a 


quiet  anoteut  town  in  an  isolated  por- 
tion of  Worcestershire,  and  has  tram- 
way communication  with  Moretou  and 
Stratford. 

Clapping  Campden,  1  m.  from  Gamp- 
den  Stat.  (Jnn;  Noel  Arms),  has  a 
street  of  good  width,  1  m.  in  length. 
TheMarkcthoDse,bailt  1624,  is  in  the 
centre.  Fart  of  the  court-house  is  of 
tbo  14th  cent.  Two  houses  of  the  15th 
cent,  are  nearly  opposite  each  other, 
one  of  which,  with  a  good  bay  window, 
was  the  residence  of  the  Greviles.  At 
E.  end  of  the  church  are  two  chapels ; 
that  on  the  6.  contains  some  noble 
monnmeuta  for  the  families  of  Hicks 
and  Noel. 

MOBF  FoBBST,  see  Bridgnorth. 

MORHAT  Lawn,  see  Oundle, 

Slorpetll  (Northmnbcrland), 
Slat  about  midway  between  Newcastle 
and  Alnwick,  being  about  30  min.  by 
rail  fvna  former,  and  40  min.  from  latter. 
Jnn .-  Queen's  Head ;  tourist  recom- 
mended to  sleep  at  KeiBeatlle.  Ap- 
proaching from  the  station,  the  most 
conspicuous  object  is  the  Gothic  Q>ta<tij 
Qam.  Near  the  new  bridge  over  the 
Wansbeck  is  part  of  the  old  bridge  with 
picturesque  belfry.  The  market-place 
IB  highly  picturesque.  In  centre  of 
the  town  is  the  CA-  o/  fit  Jamei  tU 
Great  (1844),  a  fine  specimen  of  the 
Lombardie  s^le,  hj  Ferrey ;  it  is  cruci- 
fonn,  with  apsidal  choir,  and  has  some 
good  stained  glass  by  ITatfes,  and  one  of 
'he  largest  organB  in  the  N-  of  England. 
i.W.  of  the  town,  on  a  mound  fnnged 
with  tiees,  are  remains  of  the  CaMa, 
supposed  to  have  been  founded  imme- 
diately after  the  Oonquest ;  it  conBists 
of  the  gate-house  and  a  few  broken 
walls.  N.  of  the  castle  at  Stonycmet 
Bank  is  Svdvet  Lane,  temartable  for 
its  echo.  On  a  ridge  called  Kirk  Hill, 
on  I.  of  high  road  before  it  enters  the 
town,  is  the  Old  Ch.  of  St.  Mary, 
chiefly  14th  cent.,  with  beantif^y 
restored  ehanoel;  it  has  a  fine  Jesse 
window,  with  fragments  of  old  stained 
glass'  filled  in  liy  Woilea;  the  B. 
window  of  S,  aisle  las  figures  of  Bps. 
Blaize  and  Denis,  good  specimens 
of  aneient  glass;  the  chancel  has 
seditiiB,  a  piscina,  and  a  hagioscope  in 
~'   N.wall;  ontaide  the  B.wall  are2 


Etooe  efflgiee :  in  the  beaatiftilly  kept 
chaichyard,  entered  b;  a  licbgate,  is 
a  lofty  croaa  in  memory  of  the  Rev.  J. 
BoU^d,  late  ciuale  of  Moipeth, 

I  m.  W.,  prettily  dtoated  in  a  field 
near  the  Wansbeck,  aie  the  renmioB  of 
NetemintfeT  Abbey,  founded  1 139  by  Sa- 
^uip]ldoMerlay.     IJ  m.  further  uplht 


expense.  At  Mitford  may  be  vidted 
S  generations  of  domestic  architecture 
at  onoe :  (1)  remains  of  tie  old  Cattle 
( 1 150-70),  cousieting  of  masaive  ruined 
keep  and  some  indefinite  ruins  of  outer 
court,  now  an  orchard;  (2)  tarreted 
porch  aud  some  of  the  otBcea  of  the 
ancient  Manor  Home  (1637);  (3)  the 
modem  Mamion  (Col.  Hitford),  built 
from  deaiguB  of  i^obdm.  An  exceed- 
ingly beautiful  walk  of  3  m.  m^  be 
taken  down  the  banks  of  the  Wans- 
heck  (pasamg  ruins  of  an  ancient  chapel 
of  the  Virgin)  to  Bothai  CaitU  (Duke 
of  Portland),  temp.  Edw.  m..  on  N, 
bank  of  liver,  here  crossed  by  stepping- 
slonea.  The  little  Gh.  of  St.  Andrew,  at 
foot  of  the  Castle-hill,  has  a  mutilated 
alabaster  altar*  tomb  of  the  Ogles,  with 
2  effigies;  at  one  comer  of  the  tomb  is  a 
remarkable  shield,  bearing  a  lion  and 
monkey,  chained ;  near  Bothai  Bectory 
is  the  &ieepmah  Bridge,  crossing  the 
Wansbeck  in  a  lovely  wooded  situation. 
4)  m.  E.  of  Botiiat  is  the  large  fishing- 
village  of  NevMggin-by-Qu-Sea,  fre- 
quented as  a  bathing  place ;  the  CA.  of 
St.  Bar^lomeio   (restored)   is   pictu- 

auely  situated  on  projecting  point  oe 
.  of  the  baj.  Other  ezctusions  may 
also  be  made  as  follows ;  1  m.  N.,  on  rt. 
of  road  to  Alnwick,  is  Cockle  Park 
Tmner,  an  ancient  Peel,  with  corbelled 
turrets  at  N.E.  and  N.W.  comets,  and 
between  them  a  machicoleled  parapet  ,- 
the  great  window  on  N.  is  I51h  cent, 
othera  are  of  16th;  on  a  clear  day  11 
castles  may  be  seen  from  hera  at  the 
sametime.  Abont2m.N.B.iB  (Tigftai 
Cb.,  with  some  ctuioos  windows,  o: 
lintel  of  one  is  a  bas-relief;  return  by 
tail  from  Widdrington  Stat.,  abont  1 
£.>a(oiFEd]^  at  Longbint  Stat,  to  i 


SOI 

beantiful  gardens  of  Longkirtt  BaU 

(Eev.  B,  I*waon).  4mE.ofWiddring- 
t«u61at.i8Cre«suK22,whereisanoIdF<eI 
Tower ;  CrtMuell  HoU  (A.  L  B.  Cress- 
weli,  Esq.),  built  1825  from  detdgns  by 
Shaw,  has  magnificent  staircase  24  ft. 
wide,  separated  from  the  hall  by  rich 
stone  screen ;  gigantic  fossil  cacti  aro 
frequently  found  by  the  seashore,  one  of 
which  is  preserved  in  greenhouse  at 
Crcsswell ;  tho  village  of  Widdrington 
is  about  2  m.  N,  E.  of  station ;  a  frag- 
ment of  the  modern  castle,  built  on  site 
of  the  old,  is  picturesquely  situated  in 
field,  backed  by  the  sea;  close  by  is  tho 
little  Ch.  of  St.  LaiBrenee,  of  good  pro- 
portions. 1  m.  N.E.  is  Chibbum,  inte- 
resting to  tlie  antiquary  as  a  ruined  pre- 
ceptory  of  Knighls  Hospitalleis ;  on  W. 
was  the  principal  dwelhng-house  (still 
almost  perfect).  To  Hartburn,  Wal- 
lingUm,  &c — take  raU  (18  min.)  to 
AngertoQ  Stat,  1  m.  N.  of  which,  beau- 
tifiily  situated  on  hill  above  the  Hart, 
is  HarSnim  ;  the  Ch,  hasmonumentby 
CAonfr^i  to  Lady  Bradford;  Sm.N.E.  is 
the  picturesque  villageof.y«f^tcrv^tton, 
on  the  Font :  NethervntUm  Ball  (T.  E. 
Treveljan,  Esq.)  has  portraits  of  Lord 
Derwentoater  and  others,  2  curious 
autograph  letters  of  Cromwell,  and 
the  otiair  of  Lord  Lovat;  there  is  also 
the  closet  where  the  latter  nas  oon- 
cealed  sJler  Culloden.  3}  m.  (by  rail) 
from  Angerton  is  Scot's  Gap  Slat,  1  m. 
8.W.  of  which  is  Gambo,  whence  is 
fine  view  over  valley  of  Wallington ; 
at  the  Inn  (whose  sign  deserves  notice) 
tickets  may  be  obtained  to  visit  Wal- 
lingUnt  BaU  (Sir  W.  C.  Trevelyan, 
BartX  I  m.  8. ;  tickets  for  a  peraons 
may  also  be  had  at  Hr.  Handyside's 
shop  at  Cambo ;  the  pictures  are  only 
shown  on  Saturdays  from  12  to  4 ; 
no  gratuities  allowed.  2  m.  N.E.  of 
Wallington  are  BotUey  Cragi,  with 
picturesque  tower,  built  last  century  as 
an  ornament.  On  a  hill  to  N.  another 
imitation  ruin  overhangs  Rothley  Lake. 
To  OgU  CaeOe  (temp.  Edw.  lU),  about 
7  m.  S.W.;  the  remains  are  incorpo- 
rated in  vralls  of  a  picturesque  manor- 
house  of  time  of  Charles  I. ;  the  ex- 
cnrsioD  may  be  continued  3  in.  W.  to 
Beliaa  (which  see),  or  2  m.  S.  to  Kirk- 
ley  (BeT.  £.  C.  Ogle);  it  hits  portrait 


ISOBTYN— MOUNT  SOHBEL. 


of  O.  CiODiwell,  oDd  otbere;  in  dia- 
iug-ioom  a  hugs  poroelain  vaae,  pre- 
sented to  Sir  C.  Ogle  by  the  Grand 
Duke  CoQ£tatitiae,  and  eome  lelica  of 
Philippe  Egolit^;  in  tile  park  ig  an 
obeli^,  to  commemonte  Wding  of 
William  lU. 

DMtanew  (by  tall).— Kothbuiy,  1  h. 
15  miu.  A  coaoh  leaves  HorpeUi  for 
Uothbury  evei;  momiiig  at  7.10,  ra- 
tumiiig  at  6.40  p.m.,  enabling;  the 
touriei  to  see  BrinlAam  Priory  and 
Weldon  Bridge  (see  iioiAtiwy);  Bol- 
lingbam,  2  hr.  15  min. 

MoBViLLB,  see  Bridgnorth. 

MuRWENETOW,  Bee  Bude. 

IMoiltyil  (Flint.},  20  m.  by  nul 
ftom  Cheater.  A.  steamer  plies  to 
LiYerpool.  Jiin ;  Moatyn  Hotel.  Near 
it  is  Mottyn  Hail  (Lord  Mostyn),  part 
of  which  is  temp.  Henry  VL  Note  the 
ancient  ball  and  room  bung  vilh  (a- 
peatry,  and  the  "  King's  window," 
thrOQgh  which  Henry,  aarl  of  Rich- 
mond, escaped  whan  pursued  by 
Itichard  III,  and  a  Draidical  golden 
torque;  there  is  also  a  celebrated  Ubrary, 
and  a  silver  harp  of  Glizabetban  date. 
A  curious  pedigree  roll  of  tbis  family, 
12  feet  in  length,  may  be  Been  in  tb- 
old  library  at  Chester.  The  family 
there  traced  through  the  Britisli  and 
Saxon  raoe  of  monarchB,  pomies  its 
course  through  the  kings  of  Israel, 
reaches  Noah,  and  finishes  with  Adam 
imdEve. 

A  considerable  coasting  trade  la  car- 
ried on  at  lifoili/H  Qiuxy. 

Exeunioa*. — Doicning,  2  m.  S.,  for- 
merly the  seat  of  the  Karl  of  Denbigh, 
and  noted  a«  having  been  the  birth- 
place and  reddence  of  Pennant  the 
aiitiqnary.  Note  the  fine" Pennant" 
collection  of  HSS.,  books,  bronzes, 
&c,  and  abme  with  Insctiptiou  in  the 
grounds ;  hence  the  tonrist  may  walk 
to  Holaveil  (3  m. ),  pasung  Paidaia. 
Instead  of  proceeding  to  Holyiedl,  the 
louriat  may  walk  by  WMt/ord  to  the 
Qarreg  Moaniaia  (3  m.  from  Mostyn), 
on  eunnnit  of  which  is  ihe  curiuus 
building  called  a  Boman  Pharoe  ;  in  a 
field  on  N.W.  side  of  the  mountain  is 
the  Xaen  Aehytafan  (Stone  of  lamen- 
tation), with  nnial  ornamentation  as- 
signed to  9th-llth   cent.:    ben< 


British  roadway  rnnslm.  dneW.tiil  it 
intersects  Ofia's  Dvke.  LUtruua,  1}  m. 
N.W.:  the  painted  windows  of  the  ch. 
are  said  to  have  belonged  to  BaalUK- 
werk  Abbey.  f/oBtaaThet,  3  m.  1.  In 
churchyard  is  a  richl;  oraumented 
14th-cent.  cross ;  there  is  also  the  re- 
markable tomnlna  of  Cop-'ar-'leni, 
called  "  the  Gop,"  covering  more  than 
an  acre,  and  said  In  be  the  largest  bat 
one  in  Great  Britain.  At  Hmfryn,  1  m. 
ttoa  Newmarket,  British  circles  and 
earthworks  are  visible  ;  between  New- 
market and  the  neighbouring  parish 
of  Caerwys  are  lu  bu  found  a  greater 
number  of  tmnuli  than  in  any  similar 
track  of  N.Wales.  2}  m.  farther  on  aro 
the  scanty  ruins  of  the  early  NonnaA 
castle  of  Dyterth,  magnificently  situ- 
ated on  a  lofty  scarped  rock;  just  be- 
low is  an  ivy-covered  oblong  buildinsj, 
with  2  arms  or  transepts,  called  Siata- 
ber  Wen  (White  Chamber),  perhaps 
built  to  cover  a  onoe  existing  holy  well 
in  Dyterth  Ch.  Note  part  of  a  Jesse 
window  at  E.  end,  and  a  mutilated 
cross,  said  to  have  been  erected  in 
memory  of  Einion,  a  diatinKuisbed 
cbieftam.  2  m.  distant  is  F/ynitoa 
Asaph,  which  supplies  a  brook  on  which 
there  is  a  pretty  cascade.  The  tourist 
may  proceed  from  Dyserth  to  Bhyi, 
passing,  at  3}  m.,  TalaTgoth,  a  noted 
lead-mine,  and  return  from  Bhyl 
by  rail.  To  Baningteerk  Abbey  (see 
Holsteell).  To  Point  of  Air  Light- 
house from  Mostyn  by  land,  2  m. 

DiUancei.  —  Holywell,  3  m. ;  Caer- 
wys, 5  m.;  St  Asaph  by  rail,  15  ni. ; 
Bhuddlan,  12  m. ;  Rhyl,  9  m. ;  Flin^ 

IIOTHBROOVB,  sso  Kingthfid^e. 

MomsTOir,  aea  Wight,  Iile  of. 

MouLsroBit,  sea  Thamee. 

MocHT  EdOCUkbe,  see  Plymouth. 

MorNT  Geace  Pbioby,  see  Xorth- 
ailerion. 

MoUMTNESSIHO,  See  Brenttcood. 

MorNT  St.  UEmwto  Abbev,  bco 
AMiy  de  la  Zouch  and  Bardoa  HiU. 

mount  8orrel  (I«ic.),  U  m. 
from  SHeby  and  JBorroui-on-Soar  Stats. 
MidL  Ely.  (Jnn  .■  White  Swan),  is  cele- 
brated for  its  gtanite  qnarhes  and  the 
snb-aerial  wire  Iramaay  which  takes 
the  stone  to  the  rail.    Oterioo^iiig  the 


NEATB—NEWASK. 


town  is  Castle  HUl,  100  fL,  on  irhich 
a  castle,  occupied  by  Henry  I[I.,  once 
stood.  3  m.  W.  U  Bvrithiaiul  Hail 
(Earl  of  Lanesbcoonsh),  which  oon- 
taiiiH  fine  portraits  by  Vaadyck  end 
L>ely;  and  N.  of  Snithland  nre  the 
pleasaDt  Tillages  of  Woodhouse  and 
Woodhouee  Etives,  and  the  noble  seat 
of  Beanmanoir  (W.  Perry-Herriok, 
Esq .).  Observe  beautiful  slained  glass 
in  Woodhonse  Chapel. 

DUtaaeet.  —  Loitghboroagh,  4  m. ; 
I,eieetler,  7  m. 

MocHBLHZT,  see  Langfort. 

HlJUEroitD,  see  Chrittclmreh. 

MdOgleswice,  see  Stanbope, 

MuKEB,  see  Richiaond  (Yoike.). 

McuJOK,  see  Selitoa. 

Udhbleb,  see  Swatuea, 

MoniESLBT,  see  Walihim, 

SIuswELL  TTti.i.,  see  Horntey, 

Mdtpobd,  see  Lowetlo/t. 

Htlor,  see  Falmoath. 

MvtBiit  BRnxjE,  see  SaHieriage. 

NiMNUj,  see  DiAgdlty. 

NamtObibb*,  see  MoiUgomery. 

Nabt  FnuHOOS,  see  Capd  Cariij. 

Nant  Glym,  see  Denbigh. 

Naht  TVtn.t.,  see  Beddgtlert 

Nantwich,  see  Crewe, 

Nabborouoh,  see  ifincHey. 

NiKfOEiD  Hall,  see  Lynn,  King'i. 

Nabeby,  see  Market  Harborougn. 

ai  eatto(Glftniorg.),  June,  Stat., Gt. 
W.  B!y.,  8  m.  from  Swansea,  38  m.  from 
Caidiff.  The  Vale  of  Neath  and  Taff 
V^e  Extension  lily,  connects  the  town 
with  Hirwain,  Mertbyr,  Ponljpool, 
and  the  N.  of  England  ;  whilst  another 
line  rans  to  Brecon  (33  m.) ;  and  thence 
to  ite  Mid-Wales  district  A  steamer 
eaila  to  Bristol  onoe  a  week.  Jnn : 
GastleH.  Jostafterqnitting  the  station, 
the  nil  to  Swansea  passes,  on  1.,  the 
beautiful  and  eilensivo  ruiiis  of  Neath 
Aibey,  de&oed,  however,  by  the  smoke 
and  coal  dust  of  the  neighbonring  cop- 

Cand  iron  vorks.  The  GeaUe  was 
oded  1111,  and  the  ruins  are  chiefly 
E.  K  and  B.  Dec.  The  river  aydaoh, 
which  nma  pa«t  the  Abbey,  ie  bmous 
ibrit   ■      ■ 


TJietaneeM. — Ipwiich,  8{  m.;  Soit' 
market,  S^  m. 

Nethdhwitton,  sen  Morpeth. 

Nbthkbwood,  see  Bromyard. 

Netlet,  see  Southampton. 

Nfn-TLXTON,  see  Chippenham. 

Nevill  Holt,  see  Xarkel  IJar- 
horough. 

Ntrvin,  see  Cneeieth  and  PwUhtii. 

Kewark  (Notts.),  2  Stats.  Midi. 
BIy.  and  Gt.  N.  Bly.  (inm:  Clinton 
Arms ;  Ksm ;  Safacen's  Head),  is  on 
the  8,  bank  of  the  Trent,  which  is 
navigable.  The  Castle  (admissioD  6d.), 
a  sljoug  fortress  built  in  the  reign  it 
Stephen,  is  a  picturesque  ruin  on  the 
river-side.  Tno  front  is  Norm.,  the 
wall  having  been  pierwd  by  Perp.  oriel 
windows.  There  is  a  Norm,  gatehouse 
and  crypt  under  the  hall.  Eing  John 
died  within  the  Castle,  and  it  endured 
3  sieges  in  the  Parliamentary  war,  Tlie 
Church  of  St.  Harg  Magdalene  is  one 
of  the  flncat  parish  ohs.  in  the  kingdom, 
with  nave,  aieles,  transept,  clioir  and 
chantries.  It  is  chiefiy  Perp.,  but  the 
splendid  t/raier  ia  E.  E.,  aurmuunted  by 
a  Dec.  spire  adorned  with  statues  of 
the  12  Apostles.  The  B.  tnndow  has 
beautiful  trBcery,and  fine  stained  glass 
by  Hardman,  iu  memory  of  the  Prince 
Consort  The  altar-piece,  CbiiatraiBinj;; 
Lazarus,  is  by  Hilton.  At  back  of  tlie 
altar  screen  is  oiw  of  Iho  flnetrt  and 
largest  hrauee  in  England,  8  fL  by  6, 
to  Alan  Mcming.  said  to  be  the  founder 
of  the  cli,  in  13(il,  The  engraving;  is 
very  elaborate.  Beaumond  Cms,  at 
junction  of  Carter  Gate  and  Lombard- 
street,  is  Dec.  (EdwBtd  IV.),  wilh  3 
figures  at  the  base  of  the  shaft, 

Excareione.^a'i  IJ  m.  to  EaxHou  Ch.. 
irhich  has  caoopieti  sedilia,  and  a  se- 
pulchre with  carved  iigores — lust  scenes 
in  our  Saviour's  Life — a  copy  of  it  ia  in 
the  Crystal  Palace.  (6)  To  Ketham, 
2i  m.,  the  oh.  of  which  has  a  marble 
monument  to  llio  lost  IiOrd  Lexington 
and  his  wife,  (c)  To  Behoir  Cattle, 
4ra.S.of  BottcsfordStat.  (li)  To  pretty 
Ch.  and  charming  forest  vill^  of 
Edaitulmee,  about  12  m.,  and  2  m.  W. 
of  OllertoQ,  whence  it  is  a  delightful 


80*  NHWl 

vrali  of  about  S  m.  to  JSarufitld.  (a) 
To  Thoretby  Pali  (Eail  ManTera),  a 
■V6tj  little  iWtAnce  N,  of  Edwiiutowe. 
There  is  capital  flshin^  in  the  Trent 
(tickets  free,  trom  member*  of  the 
MuAham  A—oeiatitm) ;  also  at  Wiit- 
thorpe,  2  m.  &om  Newad,  penniBsiDn 
&om  Mr.  Iromnonger  of  that  pLu». 

Newabs  Pbiobi,  Bee  Woking. 

Nbwbioodi-by-ibe-Sba,   see    Afor- 

NawBOBOvaH  (Angleet^X  ^^ 
Llangefni. 

Newbobodgh  (8taf&),  see  Bwgeky. 

Nbwboitbn,  see  Woo&ridge. 

New  ISiuaHTOK,  see  BirlctiJtead. 

Kewbubn,  Bee  Jfnwaafle-fni-Tyne. 

Mewbary  (Betlca,).  Stat.  Gt. 
Vf.  Klj..  53  B.  from  PaddingtoQ. 
Innt!  The  CheqneiB  in  Speenhamland, 
best  and  clean  (see  Jtoit);  Dolphin ; 
White  Hart.  This  town  Btauda  on 
the  rirer  Kenoet  (oelebtated  for  ita 
troat,  espedall;  in  Hay),  and  ie  alao 
iatersected  by  the  Kennet  and  ATon 
Canal.  It  rests  on  a  atmtmn  of  peat, 
not  tDore  than  |  ul  wide,  but  tnanj 
oileB  in  leDgtb,  which  ia  cut  for  fuel  or 
ntannre,  and  abounds  in  curiom  geo- 

The  Ckvreh  of  St  Moftolos  (re- 
stored 1868)  is  a  large  Perp.  Btructoie, 
erected  temp.  Henry  VII.-VUI.,  with 
W.  towfj',  which  has  octagonal  turrets. 
The  old  carred  pulpit,  brass  lectern, 
Btoined  glass  window,  and  monument 
in  8.  wall,  date  1587,  are  well  worth 
inspection.  There  is  a  Literary  In- 
glitaU  in  Northbroak-strcet,  in  the 
Museum  of  which  a  good  collection  of 
local  geological  spedmens  maj  be  Been. 

Newbury  was  the  sceneof  two  SaUiet, 
which  t«ok  pUce  in  1643  and  1614, 
during  tho  Civil  War. 

Speenhamland  ifl  a  kind  of  suburb  of 
Newbury,  connecting  it  with  tho  old 
Bath  road,  which  paesed  N.  of  the  towyu 
The  Chequers  Inn  is  excel  lent,  reason- 
able,  and  much  resorted  to  during  the 
flahing  aeason.  The  fishing  is  free  iu 
certain  parts  of  the  canal. 

1  m.  N.E.  is  8ha/a>  Hotae  (H.  B. 
Eyre,  Esij,),  still,  in  ^te  of  injuries 
i«oeived  m  the  Civil  Ware,  the  most 
stately  Elizabethan  mansion  in  Berks. 
The  garden  stlllabows  some  of  the  eartli- 


works  tbrowQ  up  daring  the  w&r,  and  a 
large  collection  of  ceimon-balle,  picked 
up  on  the  spot,  is  preserved  Inthe  hall. 

1  m.  N.  of  Newbury,  crowning  a  hill 
to  the  1.  of  the  Oxford  road,  and 
shrouded  by  ancient  trees,  are  the  pic- 
toresque  remains  of  Donnington  Gfuile, 
now  limited  to  an  ivy-mantled  gate- 
way, with  a  tall  lower  on  either  side 
and  a  piece  of  wall  adjoining,  much  el 
the  material  liavingbeennsed  in  build- 
ing a  modem  mansian,  CbsUa  Moute 
(John  Mathews,  Esq.),  at  the  foot  d' 
the  hill.  During  the  Civil  Wars  Don- 
nington Castle  VBS  the  centre  of  oon- 
iliot.  It  was  tebnilt  by  Sir  Richard 
Abberbory,  guardian  of  Bidianl  II., 
and  snbsequentlj  became  the  property 
of  the  Chancers. 

The  tourist  should  visit  a  perieot 
Boman  camp,  known  as  ''Boesock 
Camp,"  about  j  m.  from  the  Oaslle, 
orossing  Bnelamore  Common. 

Half-way  up  Castle  Hill  is  DonttitiQ- 
ion  Priory,  buUt  (1570)  on  the  site  <rf 
a  small  priory  of  Trinitarians,  fbunded 
by  6ir  Bichard  Abberbury  1394,  at  the 
same  time  as  Dotutingbm  Eotpital.  At 
the  foot  of  the  hill  Sows  uie  Lem- 
bome,  a  celebrated  trout  stnom. 

2  m.  S.  of  Newbniy  is  Batidieford, 
where  a  Prion  was  founded  c.  1200  by 
Geoffrey,  Earl  of  Fercbo.  On  its  site 
is  a  modern  bouse  called  Bcmdiefori 


centre.    She  3ied  hi  ISOO.    About  4 
m.    beyond    (S.)  is   the    magnifloent 
Higheiere  Cattle  (Earl  of  CaraarroD)^ 
The  Park  and  gardens  are  open  to    i 
visitors  on  Wednesdays  and  Friday  and    , 
accommodation  for  ^atsureandpio-nio    | 
parties  oau  be  had  at  the  Teinple,  or  at 
the  Lodge  dose  to  Beacon  HiU,  which 
should  be  ascended  for  the  sake  of  the 

About  5  m.  due  W.  of  Newbury  is 
KinUmry  (Stat.),  1  m.  N.W.  of  wbich 
is  Avington,  a  village  posacssing  one  of 
the  moat  interesting  churches  (Ntom.) 
in  the  county.  p?he  Cisveu  Hbonda 
meet  within  easy  distance  of  Newbury, 
and  coursing  meettngs  are  held  at 
Sydmonton,  Highclere,aiidAshdown.] 

Newbt,  see  Bipon. 

. 


NEWCA8TLE-0N-TYNE. 


VieimiSTUi  Emltn,  see  Cardigan. 
Wewcadtle-on-Tyme 

CNorthmn.),  Stat.  G.  N.  BIy.,  272  m. 
irom  Emg'a-croBB :  297}  m.  bom  St. 
pBnotas  (Midi.  Bly.),  eta  Leicester  aDd 
York;  joint  Slat,  for  Carliflle,  Beiwiolt, 


TOW,  and  Sundeiland.  Jnns :  St&tion 
H.;  •Douglas  H.,  opp.  Btal,;  Turk's 
Head;  Queen's  Head.  Tius  largo  and 
bu^  town  is  situated  on  N.  bank  of 
the  Tjne,  9}  m.  from  tlie  moutb  of 
the  river. 

The  chief  prints  of  interest  may  be 
visited  in  following  order :  St.  Nicholas 
Gh.,  Post  Office,  the  Black  Gate,  the 
Castle,  the  High  Level  Bridge,  the 
Owldbali,  and  Sandhill,  in  old  part  of 
the  town ;  and  Grej-street  with  the 
Central  Exchange  in  the  now.  Tum- 
iug  rt.  on  leaying  station  is  renehed  an 
open  space  where  ia  Sfatne  of  Qtor'je 
Sleph^wm  bj  Lough  ;  the  I^rary  of 
the  lAterary  and  FhHosophieal  Soe., 
aa  rt.,  is  the  largest  libraiv  in  North 
of  B^land ;  obsorre  on  great  siair- 
cas^  W.  S.  8eott'»  hiatorioal  pictore  of 
the  "  Building  of  the  Castle ;"  at  cor- 
ner of  same  building  ia  entrance  to  the 
Mweam  (admisstau  ld,X  which  has 
collection  of  natural  history,  minerals 
and  fossils;  continuint;  in  straight 
course  down  CoUingwood-stteet  on  rt. 
is  81.  Nichola»  Ch.  (I4th  cent.),  the 
chief  feature  of  wliich  is  the  tower, 
which  supports  i  flying  buttresses, 
meeting  beneuthan  elegant  lji)>er  spire 
201  ft  Well ;  the  body  of  the  ch.  (240 
ft.  long)  is  ohiefiy  Ferp.,  and  has  suf- 
fered much  from  innoTations.  Observe 
eepecially  old  monuments,  and  in  S. 
transept,  called  St.  Mary's  Porch,  old 
stall-work  and  fine  picture  by  Tintoret. 
Belowthech.isentmnceto  picturesque 
street  called  the  Side,  and  beyond  the 
entrance  on  L  is  the  striking  Blade 
Gate  (1248)  which  formed  N.  aiid 
chief  entrance  to  outer  walls  of  the 
Castle ;  the  only  other  gate  remaining 
is  the  Water  Gafe  or  Sov(h  Foitem, 
leading  to  the  quay  by  steep  and 
narrow  approach  called  the  CatOe 
Stain;  in  Uie  castle  garth  stands  the 
Keep  (admission  6d.),  temp.  Hen.  U., 
the  eotrance  is  on  2nd  storey;  on  each 


side  the  stairs  is  a  holy-water  stoup, 
whence  the  small  chamber  at  their 
head  has  been  i^led  the  Orabny,  sur- 
rounded by  rich  Norm,  arcade,  restored 
under  Dmeon ;  on  1.  is  entrance  of  the 
magnificent  Oreat  HaJl,  the  lower  part 
of  which  is  filled  with  Eoman  relics 
troiD  the  stations  upon  the  wall ;  on  rt. 
is  entrance  of  the  Well  Boom  witji 
well  93  fL  deep,  and  on  1.  the  King's 
ChavAer  with  curious  round-headed 
fireplace;  a  staircase  in  thickness  of 
the  wall  ascends  to  the  roof,  whence 
is  striking  view  of  shipping  on  the 
Tyne,  and  Gateshead  on  opposite  bank, 
the  spire  of  St,  Nicholas  being  also 
seen  to  advantd^;  the  narrow  pas- 
sages in  the  wall  ato  very  cnrions; 
descending  to  2nd  Boor  the  chief  apart- 
ment Is  vaulted  with  single  pillar  in 
centre.  It  is  fitted  up  as  a  museum 
chiefly  for  Boman  and  British  anti- 
qnities,  which  comprise  the  largest  col- 
lection of  Eoman  altars  in  Brflain, 
vessels,  seals,  &c. ;  opening  out  of  tbis 
room  is  a  obamber  with  another  curious 
fireplaoe,  answering  lothe  King's  Cham- 
ber on  the  upper  floor ;  on  1st  floor  is  the 
Chapel,  with  mclies  and  mouldings  of 
Tnms.-Norm.  style;  it  contains  a  beauti- 
ful Aagment  of  a  Saxon  ones,  &c.; 
tlierc  is  a  large  vaultvd  room  call&d 
the  Ihmgeon.  At  foot  of  the  Side  is 
jSandAiU,  lined  with  qntdnt  overhang- 
ing houses.  The  thtUdhaU  has  some 
portraits ;  at  E.  end  is  tie  XerchanU' 
Court,  worth  visiting  for  the  carved 
wainscoting  of  the  old  hall  of  1636; 
along  fi-ont  of  the  chimney  are  carvings 
of  Christ  restoring  sight  to  the  blind, 
and  others.  The  new  part  of  the  town 
is  approached  by  the  Soyal  Arcade,  or 
by  I>ean-ttreeL  At  foot  of  Pilgrim- 
street  is  AU  SaitiW  Ch.,  bnUt  178!9  on 
site  of  older  edifice ;  in  vestry  is  pre- 
served the  splendid  brass  la  Boger 
Thornton  and  his  wife(1429).  Opposito 
end  of  Dean-street  ia  entrance  of  Orel)' 
ttreet,  400  yds.  long,  and  of  Grecian 
architecture,  which  is  perhaps  tbo 
finest  street  in  the  kingdom ;  on  E. 
side  of  it  is  the  Theatre,  and  on  W.  the 
Central  Exdiange,  and  it  is  close  by  n 
lofty  Cdtumn,  with  statue  of  late  Mail 
Grey,  by  BaSy.  N.  from  central  rail- 
way statitm  runs  l^ubpife-tlrset,  beyond 


NEWCASTLE^N'TTNE. 


nUcb  i«  Wat  Walt4ane,  wlieie  maj 
be  seen  largest  remainipg  portion  m 
tlie  (M  Citg  Wall*,  irith  serenl  of  iti 
DQcient  toners.  LowFrifir-itTeetleade 
lo  the  Friar*,  where  still  stands  chapel 
of  the  Black  Frlan  Honasteij,  in  which 
Baliol  did  homage  to  Edward  in.  for 
throoe  ot  Scotland — It  is  now  used  as 
l.lie  Smith't  EaUi  inramrtjardatback 
are  man;  traces  of  lancet  windows  anil 
ancient  masontj ;  In  the  Tanner't  Eall 
ia  curious  old  picture  of  the  origin  of 
tanning.  In  Loa  Friar-rtreat  ia  ouiIodb 
old  house  with  carved  dolphins  on  its 
front,  St.  Andrerc't  Ch.  baa  lemaioB 
of  Nonn.  and  Boma  good  oak  stsJl-work, 
and  fine  Deo,  font^«ver ;  the  town 
walls  reappear  in  chmdiyard,  and  dose 
by  at  Bam  Crock  ia  a  verppictnresqne 
old  windmill.  1}  m.  M.W.  of  town 
across  the  Town  Moor  is  Jetmond, 
where  the  beantifol  gaidena  of  Bir  W. 
Armationg  may  be  visited  with  an 
order ;  on  the  edge  of  Jeamond  Dene, 
a  wooded  gleu,  watered  by  the  Jesmond 
Bum,  are  pictjuesqne  ruina  ot  the  once 
celebraled  Cftopef,  Mhind  which  is  8i. 
Mary't  WeU.  There  is  a  pleasant  walk 
down  the  Otise  Bnm  &om  Jeemond  to 
Reataa  Dene,  and  thence  to  Heaton 
Stot. 

At  EUwi<^  2  ni.  W.  of  the  town, 
are  the  msfniflcent  series  of  workshops 
and  factories  of  Sir  W.  Aimstrong, 
Unless  personally  known  to  (he  prin- 
cipals, it  is  better  to  make  wntteii 
application  for  permission  to  visit  these 
vast  and  highly  interestine  Ordnance 
works.  25  acres  of  ground  have  been 
laid  oDt  in  the  Leases  for  a  Park,  in 
which  there  is  a  pond  with  a  fine  col- 
lection of  water-BJwL 

Newcastle  is  connected  with  GaUt- 
lead  (Dorham)  on  opposite  hank  by 
the  stupendous  High  leeel  Sridge, 
1337i  ft.  long,  which  crosBes  whole 
valley  of  the  l^lis  I  ■'  consists  of  rail- 
way and  roadway  underneath,  and  was 
designed  by  Bobert  Btephenson. 

£'itew«on*.— To  Tgnemoulh  (see). 
To  Otterimm,  30  m.  (sea).  To  Syton 
(Stat),  lOmTmostbeentifiillyaitnatod 
on  the  ^lYpe,  with  fine  old  Eluabethan 
Rectory  House,  and  the  very  fine  E.-E. 
Ch.  of  Holy  Cron  (restored);  from 
hew  the  tmuiat  may  retnm  by  road  to 


Gateehead,  7  m.,  passing  at  2  m.  the 
fine  old  gable-ended  mansion  of  Sldla, 
where  is  some  good  tapestry ;  or  lie 
may  proceed  by  train  (15  min.)  to 
Pmdhoe  Stat,  f  m.  S.  of  which,  on  a 
hill,  is  PrttdAoe  CattU  (Unke  of  North- 
nmberland) ;  the  inner  gateway  on  S- 
side  bas  a  very  ancient  oriel  window, 
one  of  the  earli^eC  known  (c.  1300>, 
supported  on  corbels ;  the  interior  ia 
an  iudefinile  ruin ;  on  N.W.  is  the 
Keep :  a  bridge,  supposed  to  be  one  of 
the  earliest  in  me  North,  is  worth  notioe 
from  the  singular  shape  of  its  arches. 
Whittle  Dene,  a  httle  to  N.,  is  the 
site  of  the  principal  reserroir  for  sup- 
plying Newcastle  with  water,  and  is  » 
tiadibonal  haunt  of  fairies. 

At  Bigk  Street  Hoate,  irsZom{8tat^ 
IIJ  m.  ttoai  Newcastle),  George  Ste- 
phenson was  bora,  1761.  At  Newburn, 
rt  of  Blaydon  Stat,  7  m.  tma  New- 
castle, he  leamt  reading  and  writing, 
and  was  married  in  Kewbum  C^„ 
Nov,  1802. 

From  the  aide  of  Gateshead  may  be 
visited.  G  u.  8.W.,  by  road  cconmandlng 
fine  views  of  Newcastle  and  the  Tjne, 
Gtbsid^  (John  Bowes,  Esq.),  t^p. 
James  T. ;  the  grounds  are  laid  oat  m 
Btyls  of  YerEsilles;  the  woods  aie 
very  beautiJal,  in  some  places  over- 
hanging the  Derwent,  and  aflbiding 
views  of  tho  moorland ;  beyond  the 
old-&sbioned  flower-garden  is  the  fine 
Doric  Chapd,  a  path  through  the  wood 
below  which  leads  1  m.  to  the  rained 
Gothic  Chapel  otFriareide,  beantifolly 
situated  on  Deiwent ;  below  the  paA, 
on  Newcastle  side  <^  Gibdde,  is  the 
picturesque  £b22jn«id«,  an  arohedfrsLg- 
ment.  part  of  the  old  manor-hmise  of 
the  Hardinges. 

3  m.  S.W.  of  Gateshead,  embosnned 
in  woods,  is  BaveniaoriJi  OratU  (Lord 
Kavonsworth),  partly  Gothic,  partly 
Ihidor,  built  1808  &om  dedgns  1^ 
A'osA  ;  2  tenerable  towers  of  an  earlier 
edifice  remain ;  there  is  a  taj  fine 
hall,  some  good  ptotores  and  old  cabi- 

A  most  interesting  antiquarian  ex- 
cursion maybe  made  along  the  Bonum 
uoJI,  which  begins  at  n'oOsnuf  iBem- 
diimaa),  3  m.  E.  of  Newcastle,  tiia 
traces  urns  far  being  very  lUnt ;  fNm 


NWWCMTLE-VNDER-LYVE^NEWXAItKET. 


Wl 


NevKBeae  (Pons  Wii)  the 
Taaj  be  made  for  19  m.  by  carnage, 
after  that,  on  foot  or  horsebaok  onlj. 
The  wall  oonajats  of  (1)  a  >Uine  tnul 
with  dilch  on  N.  side :  (2)  a  far/  vrnU 
or  vailam  B.  of  the  atone  wall;  (3) 
tli^ioni,  eatUet,  vxUeh-toweri  aod  roadi, 
2  m.  W.  of  Newcastle  is  BentceU  (Coo- 
dercum),  where  fonndatioiis  of  a  t^plt 
with  altois,  &o.,  were  dieoovered  1862 
After  passiiig  DentoD,  the  vail  with  its 
Bt^gen  and  vallum  b^somes  diatinctlj 
Ti^le;  5  m.  fnithei  on  Heddon-on- 
the-WaU;  the  vallum  paaseB  thtoagb 
centre  of  village :  2  m.  further  ou 
RtitehetUr  (FtodoboIaX  a  station  con- 
tainii^  neailj-  5  acres :  6  m.  furtheT 
OQ  Bidbm  Cfcerten  (flunnuml ;  1  m. 
further  on,  at  Stagsbaw  Bank  Oate, 
the  Watli^street  was  crossed  b;  " 
wall ;  2  m.  S.,  at  jonction  of  Oot  with 
Tjne,  are  remains  of  Orrtlopiiuim ;  3 
m.  beyond  Stagahaw  is  St.  Otuaid^ 
(see  also  Hexham). 

Diitaruxe  (bj  rail).— Carlisle,  661m.: 
Moipeth,  }  hr.  by  express  train 
Hexham,  24  m.;  Bundetland,  30  m. . 
Berwick,  1*  hr.  by  eipreas;  Durham, 
25  luiu. 

ivewcastie-unaer-i^yiiie 

(8taff,)-Stat.,  N.  Staff.  Ely.— (Jnn.; 
Boebiick;  Castte) — ia  a  neat  old- 
fashioned  little  town,  dependent  on 
the  neighbouring  ironworks  of  Silver- 


(Balph  Sneyd,  Esq.),  a  fine  house 
rebnilt  by  SaXvia.  In  the  garden  is 
a  Aof^  lodge,  612  ft.  long  by  23  in 
height,  ana  the  largest  in  the  king- 
dom. Admission  daily,  except  Satur- 
day, on  application  to  tha  head 
gtudener. 

New  Obafel,  see  HaTeccutk. 

Nbwznt,  see  Glowxiter. 

NEWPIELD  -  IH  -  SBA.THWAITE,        BSe 

Broaghton. 

New  Forest,  see  Lyndhanl. 

IV ewhaven  (Sussex).  Btat,L. 
B.  and  S.  C.  Bly.  There  is  also  a 
wharf  station  2  m.  beyond  the  town 
station.  Inn .-  London  and  Paris  Hotel. 
This  wsa  the  ancient  pert  of  the 
Ouse,  but  is  now  the  well-known 
place  of  embarkation  for  Dieppe,  be- 
tween which   place   and   Newliaven 


large  and  fast  steamers  plf  daily  (5} 
his!).  This  is  the  most  direct  route 
between  London  and  Paris. 

The  little  Norm.  Oh.,  with  tower  at 
the  G.  end  and  small  semi-citcnlar 
apse  annexed  to  it,cnrionBly  resembles 
that  of  Tainville-sor-Seine,  one  of  the 
many   Norm.    Tesemblancea   on   this 

At  Biilur^tkme  (StatX  1  m.  fitira 
Newhaven,  is  a  very  interesting  Ch., 
of  variooB  styles.  1  m.  B.  of  the  st&tion. 

Seaford  (Stat.),  1}  m.  b^ond 
Bishopstone  (Jnn;  the  Now  Inn). 
The  old  harbour  of  Seaford,  now 
entirely  closed,  was  Ule  original  outlet 
of  the  Ouse.  Many  new  and  hand- 
some houses  have  been  built  seaweml. 
Near  the  station  ia  the  ancient  and 
very  onrious  chureh. 

From  Seofoid  the  tourist  may  pro- 
ceed by  Friston  (notioa  Friilon  Plaee, 
a  Tndor  mansion,  on  N.)  and  East 
Dean  to  Eattbonme.  E.  Dean  and 
Beachy  Head  are  each  9  m.  from 
Seaford. 

IVewland  (Olonceat.)— l  m. 
S.B.  of  Monmouth  Stat  G,  TV.  Ely., 
and  I  m.  from  Coleford  (see  Moit- 
moalk) — is  a  large  village  on  the 
borders  of  the  Forest  of  Dean,  with 
a  very  flue  Dec.  Ch.  In  the  Clear- 
well  Chapel  is  (a)  curioua  brass, 
'Gsenting  a  miner  of  the  period, 
ipped  for  his  work ;  (M  altar-tomb, 
__._!  cent.;  (e)  in  ch.-yd.  altar-tomb 
and  effigies  of  Jenkyn  Wynall,  Forest 
Banger,  1157- 

Excariian. — I  m.  8.  between  New- 
land  and  Chepstow  is  St.  Briavd*  (pron. 
Brevels)  Cattle — a  fine  old  ISth-cent. 
fortress,  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
cliicf  officer  of  the  Forest  of  Dean — 
where  King  John  and  Henry  III.  oflen 
visited.  The  N.W.  front  remains, 
formed  of  two  circular  towers  with  a 
narrow  elU  ' 
fine  E.-E.  i 
chimney.  The  Ch.  is  Ang.-Nonn.  and 
interesting.  On  the  tomb  of  W.  Warren 
is  a  representation  of  the  manner  in 
which  infants  were  swathed. 

Newunb'b  Cobkbr,  see  Thrkhtg. 

Newuabket  (Flint),  see  Moilya. 

IVewmarliet  (Suffolk  and 
Camb.),    Stat.,   G.   E.   Bly.;    15   m. 
X  2 


NEWMAnEST—NBWPOBT(MONM.'). 


I>y  rait  and  12  m.  by  road  from  Cam- 
bridge. Iniu .'  'Bntland  Antui ;  WMto 
Hart,  both  in  tho  main  itreet:  and 
4  othere.  Thia  town,  tho  enidle  of 
liuroe-raciag  in  England,  baa  been 
ciUleil  the  "MetropoliB  of  the  Turf." 
nnd  is  tba  only  placti  in  Britain  wbcre 
inoTo  than  2  raco-moctinga  take  place 
in  the  year.  There  are  7  meetings  :— 
1.    The    "Craven," 


tho  Monday  fortnight  fallowing ;  3. 
"2nd  Spring,"  a  fortnight  later;  i. 
"The  July,"  early  in  that  month ;  5. 
"lat  October;"  6.  "2nd  October;" 
7.  "ard  October,"  or  "Honghtoa" 
Meeting.  Of  those  the  fint  and  last 
aro  tho  moat  celebrated. 

In  High-atrect,  on  the  1..  arc 
NetB  roorni  of  tho  Jockey  Club,  Many 
patrons  of  tiie  turf  haye  hoosea  here  ; 
the  Duke  of  Rutland  oooupiee  a  part 
of  Uie  mansion  once  the  Boyal  Paiice, 
u  which  some  cuiioua 


to  tntiners  in  the  ontakirta 

On  an  average  there  are  400  horsea 
in  Newmarket  the  greater  part  of  the 
year.  Tho  Bace-couree  eitenda  W.  of 
tho  town  over  Newmarket  Heath,  for 
about  i  m,,  and  ia  dividod  into  dif- 
ferent distancea  suited  to  the  a^ea  and 
strength  of  the  hmses.  Acnws  the 
HenUi,  and  oroasing  the  Four-Mile 
Course,  in  a  direction  from  N.W.  to 
8.E,,  extends  tiie  great  earthwork  celled 
the  Devil's  IHtch,  the  moat  easterly 
Hnd  Inrgest  of  4  important  dykes  oi 
enlrenchnients  which  marked,  at  dif- 
ferent periods,  Oio  weslem  limit  of 
nicea  and  tribes  inhabiting  the 
AnRliaii  oouutry. 
Si:  Mary't,  cliie 
Bomer  of  the  2  ch  ...        _       . 

JU  Saints'  (modem)  was  a  chapel 
attached  to  the  Palace  precinct.  On 
the  1.  of  tho  tumpike-rDsd  to  Bury, 
on  the  ontakirta  of  the  town,  is  the 
Fairttead,  or  exereiaing  ground.  The 
rising  ground  to  the  rt.  '"  "  " 

known  Warren  Sill. 

The  followiiig  are  the  most  interest- 
ing chncches  in  the  neighbourhood. 
Bwc^liam  BiOboA,   Dec   and  Perp., 


li  m.  N.;of  Bottlsham  {see  Catnbridge). 
At  Sieafham  Priory,  li  m.  further  N., 

"  ''  a  remains  of  2  very  Itnceri  of 
churchyard.  The.&e  churcbea 
both  are  the  portions  to  be  ncrticed. 

At  Bvrwea,  2  m.  N.E,  of  Swaffham, 
ia  a  fine  Perp.  Ch.  The  woodwork 
and  roof-hoBsee  deserve  notice.  In 
the  chancel  are  some  very  rich  Perp. 
niches.  A  little  W.  of  the  ch.  are 
tlie  moat  and  earthworks  of  Burweli 
CatOe. 

At  Boroagh  Oreen,  5  m.  S.,  is  a  Dec 
Ch.,  in  the  chancel  of  which  are  3  fine 
Doc.  high  tomba  representing  members 
of  the  De  Bnrgh  fiunily. 

At  KirUing,  4  m.  due  E.  of  Dnlling- 
ham  (Stat.),  the  Ch.  has  some  go^ 
Norm,  and  E.-E.  portions.  The  B. 
window,  and  Norm,  doorway  of  S. 
porch,  should  be  noticed. 

The  Ch.  at  Cheveiey,  2  m.  8.B.,  is 
large  end  Sne,  ranging  &om  K-E. 
to  Perp.  The  towei  has  an  external 
bartixan  or  "  watching  turret,"  on  the 
Iq)  of  which  is  a  low  parapet ;  and  it 
*-  is,  no  donbt,  been  naed  as  a  fire 

Six  Mile  BotUmi  is  abont  midway 
between  Newmarket  and  Cambridge. 

Newnliam  (GlouceBt)-Stat, 
S.Wales  Ely.  (Jnn:  Victoria)— is  very 

firettlly  situat^  on  a  high  clifl'  ovcr- 
ooking  the  Severn.  See  the  view 
from  ch.-yd.  The  ch.  ia  partly  Norm, 
Newoliam  is  tJie  metropolis  of  the 
ffereat  of  Dean,  and  a  good  place  whence 
to  explore  it.  If  the  visitor  chance  to 
be  hwe  at  spring  or  autumn  equinox, 
he  should  see  the  "bore," or  incoming 
tidal  wave,  of  the  Severn,  with  a 
velocity  of  from  4  to  10  m.  an  hour, 
and  with  a  "head"  of  3  or  4  ft.  A 
lovely  view  of  the  Bevem  and  coimtry 
beyond  is  obtained  &om  a  stile  called 
"  t'air  View,"  2  m.  out  of  the  town, 
Gloucester  Cathodral  and  5  counties 
may  be  seen  from  tliat  spot. 

New  Pasbaqe,  see  BritloL 

Nbwfobt  (Hants),  see  Wight,  Ide 

Newport  (Monm.).  Stat.  (High- 
street),  G.  W.  BIt.,  158j  m.  from  Ltot- 
don ;  IT  m.  from  Chepstow ;  12  m,  ftont 
Cardiff.  Also  railway  commonication 
with  Pontypool,  Abersjchan,  and  Blac- 


NEWPORT  {SALOP)— NEWTON  ABBOT. 


navon  (EiSBtem  Valleys  Ely.,  MUl- 
street  StB.t.) ;  with  Rtw»,  Blaino,  and 
Tredegitr  (Western  Valleys  Ely.  Stat. 
in  Dock-fltreet) ;  with  Tredegar,  Sir- 
bowT,  aud  Nantybwch  (Sirhowy  Ely., 
Dioct-Htreet  Stat.);  with  Pontypool- 
road,  Abei^venny,  and  Herefoiii  (L. 
ft  N.W,  Ely.);  witliEhyiunej.DowlBia, 
Merthjr,  and  Brecon  (Brecon  and 
Merthyr  Ely.,  Stat,  in  Bock-street); 
Bristol,  27  m.,  is  also  accessible  via 
New  PasBogp  and  Portsfeewat.  Ar- 
mngemeals  for  a  laige  central  station 
are  in  progress.  Steamers  to  Bristol, 
and  to  Caidiff  and  Cotk.  Jntw: 
**  King's  Head  H.,  close  to  tailtray 
station  :  West^te  H. ;  Queen's.  This 
flonrishing  sea-port  tovni  is  situated 
on  H.  bank  of  the  Usk,  which  is 
navigable  here  for  the  largest  vessels. 
I^rga  Docks  have  been  constructed. 

St.  Wollot  Ch;  on  the  sninlnit  of 
Stow  Hill,  at  back  of  Westgata  Hotel, 
commands  a  flue  view. 

The  renuuns  of  the  Cattle,  founded 
llth  cent..  Bland  on  rt.  bank  of  the 
river,  close  to  the  bridge  leading  to 
snburb  of  Maindee,  and  a  Utile  below 
King's  Head  Hotel.  3  short  m.  up 
the  rii.  bank  of  the  TIsk,  and  S  min. 
by  train  from  High-street  Stat,  is  CaeT- 
l0oa  (the  Isca  Silurum  of  Antoninus), 
where  the  Sod  Augustan  Legion  wb« 
for  years  in  garrison.  The  JUtitema 
there,  which  is  dose  to  the  church, 
contains  many  important  and  interest- 
ing Eoman  relics.  Ask  for  the  key 
at  the  school-house  immediately  oppo- 
site. A  few  yards  distant  is  the 
'*  Bound  Table  Field  "  and  the  amphi- 
theatre  called  *'  King  Arthur's  Bound 
Table." 

From  Newport  it  is  12}  m.  by 
ndl  itom  Dock-street  Stat  to  Onmdin 
(Jnn .-  Viaduct).  The  railway  passes 
nnder  the  famous  viaduct  At  Aber- 
bug  June,  3  m.  beyond,  the  valleys 
of  the  Ebbw  meet—a  charming  bit 
of  Boeuety. 

DiOaneet. — Abergaoeaay,   1  hr.   by 


Nrwfobt  (Pemb.),  see  Fiiligaard. 

IWewport  (galop).  Stat, 
Shrop.  Union  Ely.  Jnn:  ftoyal  Vio- 
toim.  EdgnamACh^^iio.'S.jia-vitath 


Dg  for  its  tegmenta  of  fine  old 

_M  glass.     4in.S.i«  DoaaingUm 

Stat,   for   LiOeihda  Abbey    (2}    m.), 
founded  1145,  of  which  some  b^ntifnl 


Abbey  (Notts.), 

the  ancient  seat  of  the  Byrons,  ia 
IJ  m.  ftom  Linby  Stat.,  Midi.  Ely., 
Mansfield  branch ;  and  11  m.  by  road 
from  Nottingham.  This  Augustine 
Pnory  (Abbey  is  a  modem  misnomer) 
—  founded,  circ.  1170,  by  Hen^  II. 
sme  into  posaeasion  of  Sir  John 
Byron,  1510,  and  was  garrisoned  a  cent, 
later  for  Chas.  I.  At  the  end  of  the 
building  next  the  chapel,  the  poefs 
wn  be^oom  remains  nearly  as  he  left 
l.  On  the  lawn  is  the  monument  to 
Boatswain,"  a  favourite  dog,  with 
epitaph  by  his  ninster.  The  property 
now  belongs  to  W.  P.  Webb,  Esq.,  by 
whose  gracious  permission  it  is  open 
to  the  public.  It  contains  many  in- 
teresting lelicB  of  Livingstone,  the 
African  explorer.  Newstead  stands 
within  the  botders  of  Sheneood  Foreel, 
the  resort  of  Kobin  Hood,  At  1  m. 
8.  of  the  Abbey,  in  the  grounds  of 
Papplewiek  Halt,  is  Bdnn  Sood'$ 
Cave.  S.  S;»  Em  and  Chair  are  to 
N.  of  the  Park,  and  beyond  these 
Fountain  Dale,  where  Eobin  Hood 
enoountered  Friar  Tuck.  About  3  m. 
further  on  is  Maiafidd.  3  m.  &om 
the  Abbey,  and  2  m.  N.W.  of  Linby 
Stat,,  is  AnaeiUy  Old  MaR,  which 
cont^na  "the  antique  omto^"  so 
beantifiilly  mentioned  in  Byron's 
"  Dream." 

Hewton  Abbot  (Devon.). 
.Tunc.  Stat,  Gt.  W.  Ely.,  20i  m.  from 
Kxeter.  Branches  from  the  main  line 
Ton  N,  to  Mareton  Samfilead,  and 
S,  to  Torqudjr  and  DaTtnuyuth.  Jnna.- 
Globe;  dommeroial;  Queen's.  This 
important  market  town  is  beauti- 
fully situated  in  a  vale  on  the  Lemon 
rivulet,  which  here  joins  the  Teign, 
and  the  walks  in  thu  neighbourhood 
are  very  fine.  Ascend  the  hill  (n) 
which  overlooks  the  station,  (!>)  on 
which  Highwick  Church  is  bnUt,  lor 
the  sake  of  the  vtewB.    About  1  m. 


NEWTOWN— NOBTHALLEBTON. 


abore  the  town  U  the  very  ourioua 
manor-'hoaie  of  Bradky  (15th  oent.)< 
whioh  ihould  be  visited  (aek  per- 
miasion  of  Miss  Wall,  tbe  oooupier), 
A  plensant  Exeimion  can  be  made  tc 
the  chnrobeg  of  Abbofi  Kenaell 
(1 J  m.)  and  Ipplejmn  (3  m.),  rotnniiiig 
bv  Tor  Bryan  and  DeTtbary  chorclies. 
fW  other  places  of  intereBt  in  neigh- 
bourhood «ee  Bovey  Traeey,  I^i^n- 
motOh,   Dartmoor,   Totndi,  aod    Tor- 

Nbwtowh  (Hants),  see  WigM,  IiU 

If  ewtO  wn  (Hontgomerj.).  8tat„ 
230  m.  bom  Etutonrgquore ;  19  hr. 
t^  nul  from  ShiewBhorj ;  and  included 
in  L.  ft  N.  W.  Snowdon  Circular  Tonr. 
Jniu:  Baal's  Head;  EUephant  and 
OsAtle.  A  modem  manufactiuing 
town,  tho  maitet  seat  for  Welsh  flasneL 
In  centre  of  the  town  is  the  old  Ch,, 
woith  Tisitiiig.  About  1  m.  on  the 
Builth  road  is  a  picturesqoe  nateifall, 
abont  80  fL  high. 

ExBriTtiona. — To  Montgomery,  9  m. 
To  Biehop'a  Castle,  15  ra.,  by  Kerry  and 
ChurchgU>ke.  3  m,  E.  is  pretty  Tillaga 
of  Kerry,  probably  eo  caUed  from  the 
"  ceri ''  or  mountain  aah  said  to  hure 
aboanded  in  these  parts,  aod  situated 
at  foot  of  the  ezteDsire  and  rather 
desolate  Kerry  Hills,  which,  with  Glnn 
Forest,  occnpj  a  considerable  district 
between  Newtown,  Clun,  and  Bishop's 
Castle;  theCft.haaagood  marble  monu- 
ment to  one  Richard  Jones,  who  founded 
a  school  here;  there  are  sefeial  ancient 
works  in  the  parish ;  the  JUoat  is  the 
residence  oE  the  vicar.  5  m.  beyond 
Kerry  a  road  1.,  of  about  2^  m.,  leads  to 
Moalgofoery ;  I  m.  beyoud  this  point  a 
road  rt.,  of  about  6  m.,  leads  to  Bishop's 
Oaatle;  while  the  straight  road  oon- 
tinoes  1  m.  to  Chnrchstoke  :  should 
the  toniiat  not  wish  to  proceed  beyond 
Kerry.hemayretum  to  Newtown  either 
by  rail  via  Abermnle  Juno.,  or  by  road 
of  4  m.  to  Abermule,  and  so  back.  To 
Uanfaiir  Caer  Minion,  10  m.  At  3  m. 
a  road  rL,  of  1  m.,  leads  to  BettwB  Oede- 
wen  (see  MoTdgomery).  3i  m.  beyond 
this  point  a.  road  diverges  rt  about  1  j 
m.  to  Mana/on  on  banks  of  the  Bhlw  ; 
the  nmin  road  continuing  about  {  m,  b> 
Uaiuoydddani  from  the  Manalininad, 


at  abont  \  m.  from  point  above  men- 
tioned, a  road  rt.,  of  about  S\  m.,  lettds 
to  Llan&ir  Caer  Einion.  To  Camat 
a  celebrated  Boman  sUtion,  6  m.  by 
road  or  by  rail  vid  Moat  Lane  Jnnc. 
— striking    only    for   its    nnrivalled 

Seition,  and  held  by  Bome  to  be  the 
edioluium  of  Taoitau.  It  is  sitaated 
in  centre  of  a  valley  into  whioli  4 
streams  converge ;  the  caatmm  lies  300 
yds.  N.W.  of  the  Severn,  and  covets 
an  area  of  about  7  acres.  From  Caeraws 
the  eicunioQ  may  be  extended  5  m. 
through  the  prettily  wooded  valley  of 
the  Ouno  to  Garao  (Slat.),  a  high  and 
rather  exposed  village.  To  XIatifdIoM 
abont  14  in. 

DUtaneea  (by  rail). — Oswestry,  30  m.; 
Welshpool,  14  m. ;  Ifoutgomery,  ^\  m.  ; 
Haoh^iUeth,  30  m.;  Aberystwith, 
4S  m. ;  XJanidtoee^  viA  Moat  lAne 
June,  12  m. ;  Builth,  32  m. 

Newtowh  Lihfobd,  see  LeUeaier. 

New  WALBiHGaAM,  see  WaUingham. 

Niton,  see  Wiqht.  ItU  of. 

NOHBUBT  (Sta^s.),  see  GntmaXl. 

NoBHAM,  see  Berwiisk-im-Tvieed. 

IfOrmttnton  (Yorkah.),  a  busy 
Junction.  Stat.,  1S5  m.  from  London, 
Midi.  Ely.  (Station  Sold).  The  lines 
of  the  Hidl.,  N.-Basletn,  and  Lauo. 
£  Yorks.  Blys.  bcnnoh  off  here  to 
Leeds ;  York,  Hull,  and  Newcastle ; 
and  Manchester,  Liverpool,  fto. 
reapectively. 

nortballerton  (Yorksh.). 
SUt,  N.  E.  Bly.  (a  branch  nme,  1.,  to 
Bedale,  Leyburn,  and  Hawes ;  on  rt.  the 
Leeds  4  Stockton  Bly.  mna  by  Fioton 
June,  to  Stockton)  Jnn ;  Golden  Lion. 

The  G\.  is  the  sole  point  of  interest 
in  the  town.  The  N.  side  of  nave  baa 
massive  Norm,  piers ;  the  B.  side  is 
E.  E. ;  the  central  toner  Perp.  (1345- 
1381).    The  font  dates  fiom  1662. 

Races  are  held  here  in  Ootober,  and 
continue  2  days.  The  coarse  is  im- 
mediately S.  of  the  railway  station. 

The  field  of  the  BatOtt  of  Ma  fitond- 
ard.  (1138)  lies  3  m.  N.  of  the  town, 
a  short  distance  N.  of  the  great  North 
road.  The  remains  of  JHbunt  tfrooe 
Briory,  about  7  m.  distant,  are  of  great 
interest  to  the  archEsologiaf.  The  ivad 
passes  by  the  village  of  0«i»a^erlay 
(Jnn;  The  Queen  Catherine^  «rh«e 


NORTHALLERTON— NORTHAMPTON. 


311 


tdetsble  aaamaooiaHaa  will  be  I 
t^  the  pedestrian). 

The  Friory  lies;  rt  of  the  Stockton 
road,  aboat  1  m.  N.  of  OBmotherlev. 
It  vaa  ibnuded  for  OarthnaiBiia  in 
1397.  Pali  of  the  bmldings  was  am- 
TOrted  into  a  dwetling-boase  (oow  a 
bra);  hete  the  kejB  must  be  obtained. 
Wittmi  the  encloaing  walls  are  2  comtB 
— the  Bmaller  of  which,  9.,  contained 
tlie  guest  hall,  imd  other  apBrLmenta 
allotted  to  atrancGTs .-  the  lai^r.  N. 
waa  Bucronnded  by  the  houses  of  thi 
monka.  In  the  Bonaller  court  was  tbt 
priory  oh.  The  aketcher  will  find  manj 
excellent  points,  particularly  in  the 
outer  court,  where  a  large  aah-tiee  adds 
Tety  picturesquely  to  the  effect  At 
the  back,  near  St.  John's  Welt,  a  path 
through  the  wood  leads  to  the  t(^  of 
the  lull,  where  is  a  ruined  "IJadj 
Chapel,"  buUt  in  1515.  TheTiewfrom 
this  point  is  Tety  eitensiTe.  A  path 
leads  down  the  Dill  lo  Oamotherley. 
In  rother  less  than  i  on  hotir  the 
train  mns  &om  the  June  to  BedaXe. 
(Inn !  George.)  The  ecclesidogiBt 
aboold  visit  the  Ch.,  which  is  E.  Dec. 
with  eome  Perp.  additions,  and  others 
made  ]556{temp.  Mary).  The  B.  win- 
dow in  S.  aisle  is  an  eicetlout  specimen 
of  Early  (Geomet.)  Dec  There  are 
some  very  interesting  monimiente ;  the 
efflgy  of  Sir  Brian  Fitzalan  is  one  ' 
the  fiiieat  sepulchral  memorials 
England.  5  m.  N.W.  is  Homby  Cattle 
(DaieofLeeds),  to  be  seen  atalltimes. 
It  contains  a  fine  collection  of  pictures  t^ 
old  masters.  Continuing  by  rail  from 
Bedale.  tlie  tomist  arrives  in  i  an  hour 
at  Leybara  (Inn .-  Bolton  Arms),  an 
excellent  centre  for  exploring  lower  part 


Jerraubc  Abbeys.  Bnt  flrst  .  .  _ 
ha  must  walk  to  the  Shtnd,  )  m.  W.  (^ 
the  town,  the  view  from  which  is  mag- 
niflcent.  MidSieham,  2i  nu  S.  (Inn: 
Bwan,  good),  is  well  known  as  the  bead- 
qnarters  of  many  trainers,  and  the 
visitor  should  see  the  horses  exercised 
on  the  moor  between  6  and  7  a.m. 
On  the  top  of  the  hill  are  the  ruins  of 
the  CaMe,  the  Htronehold  of  Warwick 
the  king-maker,  and  the  &Tourite  re- 
sidence of  Bioh.  pi.    Tbek^shonld 


be  obtEuned  in  the  fanm  before  olimb- 
ing  the  hill.  The  mins  constst  of  a 
great  Norm.  Keep  (12th  cenLXwitliin 
outer  works  of  Dec.  period.  The  Ck. . 
(13th  cent.)  has  some  &agmenla  of  an- 
cient glass.  From  the  Castle  walk,  2  m., 
to  G^eihim,  to  see  the  remains  of  the 
AlAiey,  founded  temp.  Hen.  II.,  for 
Fremonatratensian  (^ons ;  tbeoce,  2) 
m.,  to  Baxt  Witton,  and  1  j  m.  beyond, 
to  the  interesting  raina  of  JerMudx 
^bbfitf,  built  1156,  of  which,  however, 
ly  scanty  fragments  remain.  Another 


the  wat^ftU  and  CA.  are  to  be  seen), 
and  return  to  Leybum  on  8.  side  of 
Wenslcydale.  The  Castle  was  built 
by  Lord  Scrope,  Chancellor  of  England 
under  Bicha^  II.  A  room  adioming 
S.W.  tower  is  pointed  out  as  that  oc- 
cupied l^  Uary  Queen  of  Scots.  N.  of 
Leybum  it  is  a  pleasant  walk  over 
Hipawell  Moor,  to  Bidaaond,  10  m. 
Tbo  route  by  fiatDe«  to  £ledb«rgA,  35  m., 
ombraoes  the  whole  of  Wensleydalo. 
Eaoiet  (Inn :  White  Hart,  very  oomfort- 
oble)  ia  half-way  (a  r^wny  is  now 
open  fhmi  Leybnrn,  and  the  tourist 
should  sleep  Oiere.  Ontheroadshould 
'  >  visited  village  of  Weniley,  11  m. 
W.,  and  adjoiniog  it,  Bolloa  Hdli 
(has  some  interesting  portmits  cS  the 
Scropes);  Amgarth  (stat.),  where  good 
Hotel  has  been  opened;  thence  to 
AArigg^Inn:  KiQg*B Arms) and  Bafn- 
bridge,  4  m.  &om  Hawes.  Hardraia 
Force,  1}  m.  N.  of  Hawes,  should  on 
no  account  be  left  utiseen.  The  Ch. 
at  Sedbergh  (Inns:  Klng^a  Arms; 
Bull  and  Dee)  ia  worth  visiting.  The 
Station  is  on  the  Ingleton  branch  of 
the  Carlisle  Rly,,  and  the  tourist  can 
conveniently  proceed  from  it  into 
Cumberliuid. 
IHortliainntmi  (Nort^uts.) 
-Stala.  L.  4  N.  W.  and  Midland  Riya. 
There  ore  3  railway  atations :  liridge- 
street,  at  which  the  trains  arrive  from 
Blisworth,  and  whence  they  proceed 
to  Peterbonnigh :  the  Castle  Slat., 
adjoining  the  <Wle  mina  on  the  S.W. 
aide  of  the  town,  ftom  which  trains 
to  Idarket  Hatborough ;  and  the 


NORTHAMPTON. 


Midland  in  the  town,  vrbeDcw  trains 
run  to  Bedford.  Jnrw .-  'George  H. ; 
Angel  H. :  Peacock  H. 

Tlie  town  stretches  upward  along 
the  ridge  of  high  ground  on  the  1. 
Inok  of  the  Neu.  The  priaoipal  trade 
of  the  place  is  sboemakii^.  There 
are  4  principal  streets,  one  of  whioti 
(Bri^e-stieet)  climbs  a.  ateep  hill  ttom 
the  river  aide,  and  the  ch.  of  All 
Saints  (.-poft)  stands  in  an  open  spnce 
near  tlie  crossing.  The  Marliet-eqaaTe 
lies  off  the  street  running  N.  (Thi 


Up 


■a  held  in  March. 


\   the 


The  Town  Hull  in  Abingdon-street, 
E.  of  All  Saints'  Oh.,  was  opened  in 
1864  (archt.  E.  W.  Godwin),  The  ex- 
terior haa  nnmeroua  etatuea  of  English 
Kings.  The  great  ball  ia  striking,  and 
contains  a  Buo  organ  (German).  The 
Council  chamber  is  a  fine  room,  with 
iigurea  and  iusoriptiona  over  Uie  flre- 

On  the  exterior  of  St.  Fetej'$  Church, 
near  tlie  W.  end  of  the  town  (restored 
bySirG.G.  Scott),  remark  the  N.portal 
(Norm.)  within  the  porch ;  the  corbel 
table  of  heads  immediately  nnder  the 
roof ;  the  W.  iront  with  a  remarkable 
flat  arch  r  the  two  lower  stages  of  the 
tower ;  and  the  triple  bnttresses  at 
the  angles.  Imide  the  ch.  the  prin- 
cipal features  are  the  main  arcade  and 
the  western  tower  arch.  Tlie  piers  in 
the  nave  should  be  noticed,  the  caps 
of  wliioh  are  wonderfully  sculptured, 
especially  those  at  the  W.  end  of  the 
cl^ncel.  The  E.  wall  of  the  chancel 
lias  been  entirely  rebuilt. 

St.  SejMiIoJiT/s,  near  the  old  North 
Gate  at  the  end  of  Sheep-street,  is  one 
nf  the  4  round  churches  in  England. 
The  plan  resembles  tliat  of  the  other 
sepulclire  churches — a  circular  nave, 
with  a  long  choir  and  presbytery  pro- 
jeoting  from  it.  The  whole  cL  haa 
been  restored  by  Scott,  Owing  to  the 
luiusual  ground  plan,  the  effect  looking 
E.  is  very  remarkable.  What  is  now 
used  as  the  nave,  but  was  probably  the 
original  chancel,  has  Trans.-Norm. 
piers  on  the  N.  side  (with  one  later 
B.  Eng.)  and  massiTo  Dec  on  the  6. 


itroyed  by  flra  in  1675.  The  tower 
(originally  central)  ia  Bee,  with  « 
lantern  raised  on  it  The  chief  object 
of  interest  is  the  statue,  by  Chatdrey, 
of  Spencer  Perceval,  aBsasainated  in 
1812,  whilst  M.P.  for  Northamptott. 

The  ruins  of  tlio  -CaeUe,  near  the 
Castle  Btat.,  are  very  stanty,  but  the 
position  is  tine  and  open,  with  the 
Abbeya  of  St.  James  (on  the  opposite 
hill)  and  Delapre  in  sight,  and  the 
town  on  the  east. 

The  remaina  of  the  Mbey  of  St. 
Jame^e  are  at  the  end  of  the  westeni 
suburb,  beyond  the  btidge. 

On  lite  Billing  road  ia  a  large  Con- 
vent  (Notre  Dame)  of  Belgian  nuns. 
Beyond  is  the  School  o/  Art,  and  then 
the  Northamptonshire  Orphanage. 

Queen  EUanor'i  Croif  (about  1  m. 
S.,  on  the  Hardingstone  road)  ia  the 
most  perfeci  and  important  of  the 
beantiful  crosses  raised  by  the  care  of 
Edw.  I.  Below,  to  ri,  ia  Deiapr^Ahbey 
(modern  aeat  of  the  Bouveries).  The 
Abbey,  on  site  of  which  (be  mansioQ 
stands,  was  foTinded  for  Cluniac  nuns. 

EarU  Sartoii  and  Gaatle  XsA5^ 
(railway  station),  places  of  the  highest 
interest,  may  be  comprised  in  the  same 
day's  escursion,  if  the  tourist  does  not 

[iroce&l  beyond  the  latter.  A  Toy  de- 
ightful  round,  howeTer,  may  be  token 
trora  Northampton  to  YardleyChaie, 
thence  proceeding  to  Yardley  Haittiigt 
(SJ  m.  from  Nortliampton),  and  1  n>. 
beyond,  to  EaOon  Mavdil,  and  visiting 
Oaatle  Aahby  on  the  homeward  route. 
The  celebrated  ch.  of  Earla  BarUm, 
with  its  remarkable  towers,  is  1)  m. 
from  the  station,  and  6)  m.  by  road. 
It  stands  on  high  ground,  and  was 
probably  the  mound  of  an  old  English 
"strong"  house.  A  deep  fbase,  efill 
perfect,  encloses  the  mound  and  ch.-yd. 
on  the  N.  side.  The  tower  of  the  oh. 
is  its  most  intereating  portion,  and  is 
one  of  those  which  by  common  con- 
sent has  been  termed  Saxon.  The 
body  of  tlio  ch.  is  of  various  dates, 
Norm,,  E.  Eng„  Dec.  end  Perp, 

Ketuming  to  the  station,  we  pro- 
ceed to  Castle  Aehbu  (Mlarquis  of 
Korthampton),  which  lies  about  2  m, 


NOBTBAMPTON—NOBTSLEACH. 


313 


distant,  OD  the  liigb  groimd  above  tbe 
rt.  bank  of  tbo  rivut,  and  the  position 
of  whioh  (except  perhapa  that  of 
Bockingham  Castle)  is  finer  than  that 
of  any  other  great  lioaso  in  the  county. 
From  the  terrace  in  front  of  the  Ciistle 
a  fine  view  is  ooomamled.  The  houte 
is  not  usually  sbown.  Tlie  gardens 
are  open  on  Tueedays  and  Thursdays. 
YardUy  Chiue  ie  always  aoWBaibie. 
The  existing  house  is  built  round  a 
quadrangle,  and  the  whole  group  of 
buildings  ia  very  picturesque  ;  tbe  use 
of  tlie  lettered  lialastrade,  rare  in  Eng- 
land, adds  raoch  to  the  effeci  The 
honse  oontains  some  interesting  pic- 
tures. The  newfioioeT  garden,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  house,  is  of  vary  great 
beauty,  and  is  one  of  the  best  modem 
examples  of  a  geometrical  design. 

Near  the  house  is  tbe  sniall  Churak  of 
Castle  Ashby,  with  a  Norm,  door  on 
the  N.  side,  a  Dec  nave,  and  a  Ferp. 
nliancel.  •  The  vholo  has  been  msCored 
by  Street  Notice  brass  of  a  priest, 
cross-legged  effigy,  and  moouments  by 
Teueraui  and  Maiochetti.  Very  fine 
gates  of  Italian  ironwork  open  &om 
the  lawn  adjoining  the  liouse  to  an 
avenue,  which,  eitending  about  1  m. 
to  tbe  entrance  from  the  Bedford  road, 
has  been  continued  by  the  present 
Marquis  in  a  direct  line  for  2  m. 
further,  into  the  heart  of  Yardlejf  Chaie. 
This  is  a  very  eKtenave  tract  of  wood- 
land, full  of  green  "droves,"  open  lawne, 
and  wood  of  varioua  ages.  The  visiloi 
should  make  eveutnnlly  (howevei'  wide 
a  circuit  in  the  wood  he  may  first  choose 
to  traverse)  fur  tbe  group  of  venerable 
oaks  (inquire  tbe  way  at  the  lod^je  ■ 
the  Bedford  road),  among  which 
the  tree  known  as  "Oowpcr's."  It 
a  most  picturesque  ruin,  in  the  trunk  of 
which  manypersons  may  stand  at  once, 

Yardley  SatUngt,  on  tbe  high  rood 
from  Northampton  to  Bedford,  S^  m. 
from  former,  is  a  latge  scattered  vil- 
lage (at  the  Base  and  Croan  simple 
accommodation  may  be  had).  The 
church  and  the  remains  of  the  manor- 
house  should  be  visited.  The  Church  is 
fortbemogt  part  Dec.,  of  more  than  one 
period,  except  tbe  moseiTe  tower,  which 
is,  perhaps.  Norm.  The  main  arcade 
i«G.Dec,  asisthc  clerestory.   Uenmrk 


a  fine  bracket  with  oek-leavGe  at  tbe 
end  of  tbo  8.  aisle- 
Adjoining  the  ob.,  on  tbe  N.  side, 
is  the  so-called  "Castle,"  a  manor- 
house  which  must  have  been  of  con- 
siderable size  and  importance,  What 
now  remains  is  a  square  building, 
with  portions  of  arches  at  either  end. 

A  cross  road  from  Yardley  brings  ua 
in  a  drive  of  about  2  m.  to  Ewtow 
MaMdit,  where  is  a  very  interesting  ch. 
well  restored,  and  not  to  be  neglected 
by  tbe  antiquary,  the  vicarage  having 
been  the  home,  for  many  years,  of  Dr. 
Percy,  editor  of  the  famons  *  Reliques 
of  old  English  Poetry,'  the  ballad  book 
given  to  the  world  from  this  place. 
The  tihng  throughout  tbe  ch.  (mostly 
£,  Deo.)  calls  for  special  notice, 

AUhorp  Park  (Earl  Spencer},  7  m. 
from  Northampton,  has  some  fine 
pictures  and  a  most  valuable  libiarv 
of  50,000  volB,  The  "Old  book  room" 
contains  books  printed  before  1900. 
Here  is  deposited  the  celebrated  Val- 
darfer  Boccaccio,  bought  by  the  M.  of 
Blandfotd  at  the  Boxburgh  sale  for 
22G02.,  tbe  largest  sum  ever  paid  for 
a  single  volume.  The  paintmgs  by 
Vandyck,  Kneller,  Leiy,  Reynolds, 
Gainsborough,  Cuyp,  and  others,  are 
of  the  highest  interest.  Tbe  Ch. 
(E.  E.1  of  Gl.  Jringtoji,  on  the  bill 
onlside  tbe  Park,  has  many  Spencer 
monts.  worth  attention.  S^  also  in- 
cribed  slabs  to  the  WaihingUmi.  IJ 
m.  from  Althorp  is  Bolderiby  Houie, 
where  Cbas.  1.  passed  into  tbe  hands 
of  Comet  Joyce, 

BrixiDorlk  Ch.,  an  early  example  of 
Romanesque,  may  be  reached  in  20 
m.  by  nul  A«m  Northampton.  In  the 
village  are  tbe  Kenitelt  of  the  PytchU'j 
Eunl. 

NoBTHBOCSHE,  See  Deal. 

VoBTB  Ckat,  see  Orayt,  The. 

NoBTH   BiMESET,  Bee  Oxford   (Ex- 

NOBTHILL,  see  Sandy. 

Hortlileacli  (Gloncoat),  4  m. 
from  Bourton-on-the-Wat*r  Stat.,  Gt 
W,  RIy.  {Inn :  'Wheatsboaf),  is  a  quiet 
little  town  in  a  hollow  among  the 
Cotswold  Hills.  The  lai^  and  liand- 
some  Fcrp.  Ch.  contains  several  fine 
braiiu  with  tbo  noolpack  and  ficece. 


S14 


NOBTSLBACH—mBWICS. 


in  memory  of  the  merobants  engaged 
in  the  irool  trade. 

Eioumowr.— (a)  2  m.    B.  W.,  In 
Chedwortb  Woods,  on  Loid  EMon'e 

estate  at  Stowell,  are  tbe  lemaini  of 
a,  Boman  villa,  discovered  in  IgGl, 
congieting  of  20  ehamben  communi- 
cating  with  a  oonidoi.  Tbe  tasae- 
lated  parements  are  well  preserved, 
ODd  tbe  batb  estabtiBhiuGnt  ia  ven~ 
eitenaive.  Tbe  waUs  are  4  ft.  bigli 
Numeroiu  other  iateresting  relics  have 
been    preserved,    and    toa;    be    ' 

rted  Quder  the  snpeiinteiideno 
resident   curator,      (b)  S  m. 
to    SkerboTne ;    Oh.    contains   im .  .. 
nMnta   (a)  to   Sir  John   Dntton,  by 
Bysbraoh,  and  (6)    J.   D.,    1776,  by 
WeBtmacott;    (e)  3.   D.,  1656,   ■ 
winding-sheet. 
NoBTHOP,  see  HaieardeB. 
NOBTH  PrrBBRTON,  See  BTidgaaUr, 
NoBTH  TiWias,  aee  Moreton  Eamp- 

NOBTOK,  «ee  Droi^Md. 

Norton  Fttz-Wabben,  see  Taim- 

DTorwIeh  (Norfolk);  tbe  tet- 
minus  of  the  Qt.  B.  Bly..froni  London, 
via  IpBwicb,  is  at  the  Ftotorta  Btat,  } 
m.  from  the  Wensom,  From  the  Thorpe 
Stat, ,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  run 
the  lines  to  Yarmouth  and  Loweetoft, 
and  to  IjOndou  rfa  Cambridge.  Im 
"Royal,  in  the  Market-place  i  N 
folk,  in  St.  Giles's-street ;  *Mai 
Head,  old-fashioned  and  comibrtable, 
and  near  the  oatbcdrftl,  but  v^  small 
cofTee-room.  Few  places  in  England 
are  more  puzzling  to  the  stranger. 
There  ia  no  main  street,  and  although 
the  tlarkef-place  ia  a  chief  centre,  uie 
Btreets  which  v»ind  towards  it  are  so 
narrow  and  intricate,  that  the  topo- 
graphy of  the  dty  is  by  no  means 
underatood  at  a  glanoe,  ana  Ihe  visitor 
sbonld  well  study  the  map  before 
venturing  into  the  labyrinth  of  streets. 
The  best  general  view  of  Norwich  is 
to  be  obtained  from  Motu^told  Heath, 
the  high  ground  rising  &Dm  tbe  left 
bank  of  the  Wensum,  £.  of  tbe  oit;. 
Pass  down  Bisbopgate-atreet,  E,  of  the 
cathedral,  and  oroaa  the  ilver  by 
BiKkop't  Bridye. 

Peaces  the  cathedral  an4  castle,  flie 


oity  is  tiob  in  old  bnildinga  and  in 

ohnrches  of  interest. 

There  are  two  chief  centres  in  Nor- 
wich—the Marketrptae»  tor  the  <Aty, 
and  the  CaHiedTal  with  its  preciDcta. 

Adjoining  the  Market-plaoe,  the 
places  to  be  visiled  are— tbe  Cattle, 
tbe  euildhall,  St.  Andrme'i  Sail,  the 
Mtuetaa,  the  ohe.  of  St.  Peter  Mancroft 
and  81,  Anime,  and  one  or  two  more 
if  time  permit.  The  eathedTol  preeincU 
form  a  veiy  distinct  quarter. 

The  great  Norm,  keep  of  the  CatUe, 
towering  on  its  lofty  mouod.  Is  oae  of 
the  chi^  landmarks  of  the  city.  The 
mound,  oommanding  a  noble  view,  and 
the  platform  on  which  the  keep  stands, 
are  accessible  at  all  times.  Tbe  keep 
itself  serves,  and  has  served  since  tbe 
reign  of  Hen.  IH.,  as  tbe  county  catd. 
and  the  interior  can  only  be  seen  by  a 
magistrate's  order.  It  was  no  doubt  the 
wow  of  the  Bigods,  and  for  the  most 
part  of  Earl  Hugh,  temp.  Hen.  I.  The 
Shirdma,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Castle, 
and  withm  the  Castle  ditch,  was  bnilt 
in  1823.  The  CaOie  JWarkel,  the  large 
open  space  S.  and  E.  of  tbe  Castle,  is 
widely  femous.  It  is  thronged  on 
Saturdays ;  and  the  assemblage  of 
cattle  is  sidd  to  be  larger  than  iu  any 
other  English  market 

The  Gaildhaa,  in  tbe  Uarket-plaoa, 
is  surmounted  by  a  modem  clock 
tarrat,  and  occupies  the  site  of  the  old 
"  ToUbooth."  In  a  vault  still  eiistmg 
Bilneywasimprisonediand  was  led  from 
it  (1531)  to  the  stake  in  the  Lollards' 
piti  The  council-chamber  preserves 
tbe  fittings  nf  a  court  of  jnstice  ol  the 
age  of  Henry  VlU.,  nearly  unaltered ; 
having  carved  panels,  vriudows,  stained 
glass,  and  an  open  timber  roof.  It 
sne  old  portraits,  the 
.„-  .  ,  ic.,  whiob  ate  higblT 
interesting.  Behind  the  Qoildbdl  Is 
tbe  FtMio  Library,  containing  abont 
30,000  vols,  at,  Artdrew'g  Hidl  (ppett 
doily),  on  St.  Andrew's  Plain,  ia  tbe 
great  public  hall  of  the  city,  and  well 
■  ■'      "  "      nave  ot 


1  to  tbe  oity  at  the  Dissola&n. 
tie  S.  porcli,  by  which  tbe  hall  is 
itered,  has  beea  reatored ;  the  doon 


noticed,  Cu  the  walls  are  portraits 
by  GEunsborou^  Opie,  £o.  On  the 
N.  side  of  the  hall,  between  it  and  the 
river,  are  buildingB  odw  used  as  "  King 
Edward's  Commercial  SchooL"  The 
bidldings  thuB  uaed  uie  the  cloiatere 
and  portiDna  of  the  domeatio  boildings 
belonging  to  the  convent. 

The  Norfolk  and  Noneich  Mtueam,  ■ 
St.  Andrew'B,  Broad-street,  is  open 
the  public  on  Mondays  and  Saturdays 
from  10  till  4;  on  other  days  the 
introductiou  of  a  member  Is  required. 
The  collection  of  birds  of  yt^j  is  ou 
of  the  flneat  in  the  world.  There  i 
alBO  an  unosoallT  perfect  series  c 
British  and  fore^oirda.  Th6''Lombe ' 
collection — an  interesting  and  Tslnable 
addition — waajaeeentedinlSTS.  Next 
to  the  omjUtologioal  collection,  the 
chief  featnre  is  a  magnaoent  series  o" 
fossil  TUMTiniftt^ftTi  remftins,  prinoipally 
bom  the  forest-beds  aloDK  the  Norfolk 
ooast.  There  is  a  capilal  ooUeetton  of 
insects,  and  a  valnable  herbarinm, 
veil  as  other  objects  of  interest. 

The  lAterary  JjwHfuWon,  containing 
a  ver;  luge  and  good  library,  ia  under 
the  same  roof  as  the  Museom. 

The  CaikalTal,  with  its  oloaea,  < 
mes  the  lower  ground  near  tbo  i  . 
Two  portala,  the  ErpiTi^hatn  eate  and 
St.  Etheliterti  gate,  give  aomisaioa 
to  the  upper  close ;  and  the  BiAo^t 

Ste  is  the  principal  entranoe  lo  flie 
lace.  The  first  stone  of  the  existing 
oatbedral  was  laid  by  Bishop  Herliert 
Losings  ia  1096,  and.no  other  English 
osthe&al  (with  the  exception  perhAps  of 
Peterborongh)  has  preserrea  its  ori- 
ginal   Norm,   plan   so  nearly  nndis- 

In  entering  tlie  building,  notice  .  . 
WettFfont;  this  wasoriguially  Norm., 
bat  was  greatly  altered  by  Bishop 
Alnwick  (1426-1436). 

The  Nave  is  throughout  Norm.,  with 
the  exception  of  its  vanlted  roof  and 
of  the  ohapel  in  the  S.  aisle.  The  effect 
of  the  massive  Norm,  work  is  very 

rd ;  it  extends  250  ft.  &om  the 
door,  and  comprises  1*  bays  to 
the  intersection  of  Uie  transepts.  No- 
ttoe  the  open  arches  of  the  triforium; 
tiaa  the  magqificent  series  of  Iwne 


nan.  315 

.vaidU   above    the   nave,  choir,   and 
transepts. 

The  fioMM  of  the  roof  are  covered 
with  minute  flgrncs,  said  to  be  328  in 
ntunbar,  forming  a  complete  sacred 
history,  and  were  restored  in  1ST6  by 
the  Dean  of  Norwich. 

He  Nave  Aitki  are  Norm,  with  Perp. 
windows.  The  lower  port  of  the  orjfon 
icreen  is  ancient ;  the  upper,  heavy  and 
ugl^,  was  completed  in  183lt,  In  tho 
choir  W.  of  the  tower  tho  itaUi  should 
be  particularly  noticed.  They  are 
Perp,  dating  probably  from  the  15th 
cent.  The  cejving  and  details  are 
excellent. 

The  Prabi/tery,  which  extends  east- 
ward of  the  toner,  has  been  greatly 
altered,  althongh  the  original  ground 
plan  remains  unchauged.  The  present 
clereston  and  stone  vault,  erected  by 
Bishop  Ooldwell  (1472-1499),  is  very 
light  and  graceful.  The  lieme  vault 
is  not  so  rich  as  that  of  the  nave. 

The  general  urangement  of  tJie 
Irantej/U,  the  work  of  Bishop  Herbert, 
is  the  same  as  that  of  the  nave  and 

The  Cloitlen,  entered  by  the  prior's 
door,  in  the  easlemmostl  bay  of  the  8. 
nave  aisle,  are  among  the  most  heanti- 
ful  in  England.  TLe  roof  especially 
deserves  carefol  examination. 

Opposite  the  N.  transept  extends 
the  SfiSqp'a  Palaee,  with  wnich  it  was 
formerly  oonneoted  by  a  vaulted  Pass- 
at It  still  retains  some  Norm,  por- 
tions. Of  the  two  gateways  leading 
into  the  precincts,  St.  Etbelbert'i  is  the 
earliest,  at  the  8.  end  of  the  close. 
The  lower  part  is  good  Early  Dec. ;  the 
upper  portion  is  modem.  The  Erping- 
Aant  gat«  stands  opposite  the  W. 
front  of  the  cathedral.  The  arcliwsy 
itself  is  fine,  and  mndi  enriched  with 
excellent  sculpture. 

On  the  1.,  between  this  gate  and  the 
cathedral,  is  what  is  now  the  Qrammar 
Sclool,  built  ciro.  1316  as  a  charnel- 
iiouae.  The  crypt  deserves  a  visit. 
The  Chv/rchet  of  Norwich  are  very 
nnmerous,  and  for  tlie  most  part  Pcrp., 
ranging  from  1350  \a  1500.  8t.  Peter's 
Maneroft  (tie  finest  church  in  tlie 
city)Bndi%  jlndrew'i,  Broad-street,  are 
the  most  interesting.  Amongd  otliBfs 


8IQ 


ma  WIOH—NOTTINOHAH. 


8l.  Gregory,  in  Potteragate :  St.  OiUs'g, 
St  GUa^s-alieet ;  St.  John  Ihe  Bap- 
iUVt,  MaddeT-market ;  St.  Xttes',  or 
Miekaeri,  Coelany,  deserve  notice ; 
SI.  Helea'i,  BiBhiipgate.  ia  now  at- 
iached  to  St.  Oilaft  Hospital:  it  U 
deaecrated,  except  a  part  ia  the  centre ; 
the  nave  being  converted  into  alma- 
honsea  for  men,  and  the  chancel,  date 
about  1383.  divided  into  wards  for  the 
women.  Tlie  revenuea  of  the  liospital 
are  now  very  large,  and  200  old  men 
and  women  are  aupported  here.  The 
cloislerB  of  the  dd  boepital  remain 
perfect.  Of  the  clt;  lealU  and  gatei 
gome  fragments  remain.  Near  6t. 
Martin's  Quia  (of  which  portions  re- 
nmin)  ia  one  of  the  40  towers  wiUi 
wliich  the  walls  were  strengtbened. 
Near  Carrow  Bridge  is  the  "  Devil's 
Tower."  Another,  called  the  "*  Cow's 
Tower,"  stands  at  an  angle  of  the 
meodowa    belonging    to    St.    Giles' 


hapa  the  earliest,  and  long  the  most 
flourishing  aeat  of  tbe  manufaotore  of 
worsted,  so  called  from  the  village  of 
Worslead,  on  tbe  E.  side  of  Norfolk. 
It  is  Buppoeed  to  have  been  brought 
over  by  Flemish  refugees  in  the  reign 
of  Henr;  I.  The  artioles  at  present 
mBde  at  Norwich  consist  of  bomlHizmes, 
crapes,  camlets,  other  fabrics  of  worsted, 
mohair  and  silk,  besides  cotton  shawls, 
The  staple  trade  of  Norwich  is  now 
boot  and  shoe-makinB.  There  are 
large  oil*cake  factories;  and  at  Carrow, 
just  beyond  the  city,  are  tlie  very 
extensive  muatotd,  &c.,  works  of  the 
Messrs.  Colman.  The  bnildinga  cover 
maaj  acres,  and  about  1100  baoda  are 
employed. 

Tbe  most  noticeable  Mlageg  within 
a  walk  of  Norwich  are  Thorpe,  on  the 
Wensum,  If  m.  from  the  Thorpe  Bly. 
Stat ;  Barlbam,  on  the  TTare,  2  m.  W. 
of  Korwioh,  wliere  ia  Earlham  Sail, 
the  principal  seat  of  the  tiumeya,  and 
the  Birthplace  of  Elizabeth  li'iy,  so 
well  known  for  her  raany  labours  of 
love  in  English  prisons ;  Beigham  on 
the  Wensum,  1  m.  N.W.  of  Norwich, 
where  is  an  ancient  house,  now  known 


Die  oh.  is  tbe  inonnment  of  Bishop 
Hall,  died  1656. 

Carrow,  a  suburb,  on  tbe  K  side  of 
Norwich,  where  are  remains  of  the 
Benedictine  priory,  founded  1146. 

A  pleasant  drive  may  be  taken :  first 
b)  ULtatet  St.  Edmund's,  thenoe  \q 
Keswick  and  Intwood  to  Cringleford, 
and  hack  to  tbe  city,  S  m.  In  Ealoa 
Ch.,  between  Cringleford  and  Norwich, 
some  remarkable  mural  paintings  have 
been  discovered. 

Coeleesey  or  Coney  Sail  (Lord  Staf- 
ford), i  m.  N.W.  of  Noiwioh,  with  ils 
fine  gaidens  and  park,  is  well  worth  a 
visit,  but  the  tatter  can  only  be  visited 
by  apetnal  permisdon.  BurlinghoM 
Broad,  on  tbe  Yare,  distant  about  6  m. 
and  oovering  aboqt  100  acres,  may 
be  visited  from  Norwich,  as  well  as  the 
very  picturesque  Wroxhaia  Broad,  on 
the  Bure,  7  m. 

DiHatieee. — Gromer,  24  m.  by  rail- 
way :  AyUham,  11  m.  bv  road;  Yar- 
mouth, 20i  m.,  and  Loivettofl,  23} 
TO.,  from  Thorpe  Stat;  N.  Waldtam, 
16  m.;  Wymmdltam.  101  m.;  AtOe- 
boTough,  16  m.;  East  Dereham,  21} 
m..  from  Thorpe  Stat. 

NoSTEi:,  Pbiohy,  see  Walcejield, 

nrottinK'Iin™  (Notts.;— 2  stats. 
Midland  and  Gt.  N.  Blys..  125  and 
128  m.  respectively  Irom  London,  cloao 
together,  and  about  }  m.  from  centre  ri 
town  and  principal  inns  (Inni:  •George; 
Maypole ;  Flying  Horse ;  Lion).  Pottr- 
office.  Viotona-stiBet — is  the  great  me- 
tropolis of  the  hosiery  and  lace  district. 
It  IS  situated  on.  a  sleep  bank  over- 
looMng  the  Trent,and  rising  at  the  W. 
end  into  a  fine  city  on  which  is  situated 


Clifton,  and  Belvoir  Castle  and  Wolla- 
ton  Hall  in  the  distaoM.  The  castle 
itself  was  reduced  to  its  present  rained 
state  by  the  Beform  Biot  in  1831. 
It  has  been  rebuilt  for  ooonpa- 
tion  by  the  Midland  Cnuntte*  Art 
Miuetaa.  The  red  saudstone  rock 
on  which  it  stands  is  mined  with 
cavitiee,  of  which  Mortiraet't  HoU 
descends  to  the  roadway  at  foot  of 
crag.  Here  Mortimer,  Earl  of  Maroh, 
was  imprisoned  in  IS30  by  order  of 
Edward  IIL    Standard  Sill,  whcic 


NUNEATOS— OAKHAM. 


B17 


Charles  I.  unfurled  the  kjbI  staDdard, 
1642,  adioina. 

The  MoKvm  of  Natural  Sitlory, 
Wheeler-street,  u  open  free  MondajB, 
ThnradayB,  and  Saturdays,  from  2  to 
Ofm. 

The  DTarliet.plaee,  5}  acrea,  ia  ttie 
largest  in  the  kingdom,  and  ahould  bo 
viaited  on  fair  days  or  market  evei ' 
(Wedneedays  and  Saturdays) . 

St.  Mary'i  Ch.,  on  the  High  Pavo- 
meat,  in  a  splendid  old  cruciform 
building  with  pinnacled  tourer.  The 
B.  porch  ia  ricniy  groined  and  oma- 
mented  with  fan  tracery.  The  stained 
glass  is  modem,  but  good ;  that  of  the 
£.  window  is  in  memory  of  the  Fiince 
Consort.  The  painting  on  S.  side  of 
altar  (subject  Virgjin  and  Child)  eojt 
9G0  guineas,  and  is  the  work  of  Fra 
Bartolomeo.  The  Bomait  Calholia 
Cathedral,  by  Fiu/in,  Derby-roed,  ia 
elaborate,  and  has  some  beauttf  iiI  carv- 
ing and  cbanoel  screen.  The  tower 
and  spire  are  161  ft.  high.  The  other 
noticeable  points  are  the  arboretum  of 
17  acre^  Waverley-street,  open  daily 
free,  and  the  bridge  ever  the  Trent,  of  3 
large  spans,  opened  for  trafSo  in  1S7I, 
at  a  cost  of  30,0001.  One  of  the  largest 
lace  and  hosiery /ucforiV*  ia  that  of  the 
Midland  Manu&eturin^  Co.,  in  Sta- 
tion-street ;  and  for  boUrinel,  Thomas 
Adam  and  Co.,  Stoney-strcct  SIcsbts. 
Blackburn's  fectorj  (near  Bt  Saviotir's 
Oh.}  for  roaohinety  for  hosiery  mak- 
ing is  well  worth  yisiting.  Admission 
readily  given  to  persona  unconnected 
with  the  trade. 

For  a  pleasant  tnaik  in  sammer-time 
inquire  tne  way  to  Clifton  Grove,  about 

aim. 

WoUaton  Church,  2J  m.  W.,  contains 
good  monuments,  of  tho  15th  cent., 
to  the  Willonghbv  family.  A  iittio 
beyond  eastern  anburb  of  Snciuton  is 
CWuncft  EaU,  whore  "MaryChaworth," 
of  Byron's  early  poems,  died  from  the 
fright  produced  by  tho  violence  of  tho 
brutal  mob,  18B1.  11  m.  N.W.  is 
NeiBttead  Abbey. 

]«uneatOtt  (Warwick.)  Btat, 
L.  *  N.  W.  BIJt  9  m.  N.  of  Coventry, 
and  14  m.  K.  of  Rugby.  Also  branch 
lines  to  Leicester  (|  lir.)  and  Market 
Bosworth   (J    hi.).      Abo    Stat. 


Midland  BIy.,  20}  m.  from  Birming- 
ham. Inni!  Ncwdegate  Arms  ;  Bull- 
In  the  Ch.  are  some  ancient  monnmeDla 
and  a  white  marble  tomb  in  memory 
of  Sir  Marmaduko  Constable.  Tho 
Itoman  road  of  Watling-street  runs 
2J  m.  E.,  half-way  between  tlio  town 
and  Hinckley.  1  ra.  N.  is  We<ldin(itoii, 
in  tho  Ch.  of  whicli  is  a  monument  to 
Humphrey  Addorlcy,  15914,  and  in 
the  cliancel  a  remarkably  fino  painting 
of  the  Cruciflxion  by  Vandyet  The 
CatOe  (F.  H.  Kay,  Esq.)  U  a  fine 
Tudor  mansion. 

NusEHAM,  see  Oxford  (Excurs.). 

NUM  MOMKTOS,  see  York. 

NoNNEr,  see  Frame. 

NuNNYKlBK,  see  Rothbary. 

NuTHnRST,  see  Sortham. 

Oabby,  see  Wigfton. 

OaKham  (Kntland.),  Stat.,  Mid. 
Ely.,  on  Systou  and  Peterboro'  section ; 
the  oonol^  town,  situated  in  the  Valo 
of  Catmi»e.  Inne:  Crown;  White 
Lion ;  Roebuck.  The  air  here  is  con- 
sidered remarkably  salabrioas.  All 
Saints'  Ch.,  reatd.  by  Scott,  is  the 
work  of  different  periods,  from  12th 
to  16th  cent.  The  only  portion  of  tlie 
Cattle  (founded  by  the  Ferrars  family 
Boon  after  the  Conquest)  still  nsed,  is 
tlie  hall  in  which  the  assizes  and 
quarter  sessions  are  held.  It  adjoins 
ti.e  oh.->-ard  on  E.  Tho  rest  of  the 
Castle  ia  in  ruins.  Orer  the  gateway  are 
several  gilded  horse-shoes,  given,  ar- 
cording  to  immemorial  custom,  by  Peers 
who  visited  the  town.  If  refused,  a 
fine  was  exacted.  One  of  the  shoes  was 
given  by  Geo.  IT.  when  Begent  Be- 
sides the  County  Courts,  there  is  a 
richly  endowed  Free  Grammar  School, 
and  Library  and  Beading-room.  In 
the  neighhonrhDod  are  Burtey  Pork, 
2  m.  (G.  H.  Finoh,  MJ".) ;  JVormonlim 
Park  (Lord  Avehind),  5  m.  and  di 
Irom  Ketfon  Btat.  Exion  Park  (Earl  of 
Gainsborough)  and  village,  5  m.  N.E, 
The  Ch.  is  an  ancient  Gothic  building, 
and  contains  some  old  monuments,  by 
Grinling  Gibbons  and  NoUekens,  ot 
Haringt/>n  and  Noel  famrliee.  The 
iSail  of  Lonsdale's  residenco  (Barley- 
thorpe)  is  i  m.  W.  of  the  town.  In 
the  village  ara  the  Kennele  of  the 
CoHetmore  EunL 


OKEBAXPTON—ORMSKIBK. 


M  Bmpingham,  6  m.  E.,  the  Ch., 
E.  K  tud  Norm.,  has  a  large  irmdow 

of  old  punlad  glass,  bearing  nuiDf 

armorial  deajgiiu. 

Dittamm. — Vmingham,  6  m.  8.; 
Mellon  Maabraji,  10  m.  K  by  N. ;  Pefer- 
borougk,  1  hr.  b;  lail. 

Oatlakds  Pabk,  see  Weybridge. 

OcBBBDOK,  tee  Spondon. 

Odoohbe,  see  YeoviL 

OwraoTOK,  aee  Oxford  (Excora.). 

Odeli,  lee  Bed/ord. 

OhetaampCon,  commotilT 
caUed  Ockingloi)  (Devon.),  Stat.,  L.  & 
a  W.  (Devon  4  Coniwall)  Klj, ;  rather 
more  than  1  hoar'a  ride  from  Exeter, 
via  Yeoford  June.  Jtib.-  White  Eeut. 
The  niina  of  the  Caetk,  11th  cent., 
situated  i  m.  S.W.,  are  of  considerable 
interest.  The  town  is  oonveniently 
eitaated  for  eionrsiona  on  Dartmoor 
(see).  The  Okemant  itreams  are  well 
knoigrn  for  their  excelleat  though  small 

Oebovxr,  aee  Dovedale. 

Ou>  Bewick,  see  AlmtidC 

Mldbur^ (Won.),  Slat.,  L.  AN. 
W.  Blj.,  20  mio.  from  Birmingham,  is 
a  boBj  manafactaring  town  of  the 
Black  Country,  with  large  railway  car- 
riage manufactories,  and  the  extensive 
chemical  works  of  Messie.  Chance  and 
others. 

Oldllfun  (l4Uica9hire).  Stats. 
L.  &  N.  W.  and  Iauc.  &  York.  Bljs.,  at 
Mtaapi  and  Wemelh.  Inn:  AugeL 
Poit-offijK,  Qteavee-Btreet.  Is  entirei; 
devoted  to  cotton  spiiming,  hat  mak- 
ing, and  machine  works.  The  ma- 
chine works  of  Messrs.  Piatt  are  the 
largest  in  the  MnKdotu,  and  are  well 
WOTlh  seeing.  All  the  buildings  are 
modem,  but  the  Toon  Halt,  Lyoetaa, 
and  FiMic  BaOi*  are  worth  a  passing 
glance.  There  is  a  Public  Park  of 
60  acres,  tastefully  laid  out  at  a  coat 
orSLOOOJ. 

Old  Sodbubt,  see  CMppiiuj  Sodbttry. 

Old  WamsOB,  see  IPindior, 

Ollerton  (Notts.),  Si  ta.  8.  of 
Worksop  Stat.  (Man.  Shef.  &  Lino. 
Ely.),  and  8  m.  from  ilfan^;;^^.  Inrn 
Hop-pole.  Is  sitiiated  in  the  heart  of 
Sherwood  Forest,  and  oontains  many 
handredacreaofflne  woodland  scenery. 
The  perks  and  forests  of  the  "  Duke- 


rie*,"  as  they  were  called,  beoaose  onoe 
owned  by  S  dnkes,  are  always  opea  to 

(a)  Immediately  to  the  W.  ia  Birb- 
land,  the  wildest  portion  of  Sherwood 
Forest,  and  the  rendezvous  of  pic-nio 
partira.  First  go  to  Edicimtoire,  2  m. 
on  Mansfield-rood,  1}  m.  S.W.  of  Thich 
there  is  a  beautiful  Gothie  orcliwfty, 
the  "  Duke's  Folly,''  adomad  with 
statnee  of  woodland  heroes  such  as 
Bobin  Hood  and  AJku-k-Dalo.  Strike 
up  the  broad  ride  which  leads  through 
the  heart  of  Birkland.  (6)  N.  of  OHer- 
ttm  oommenoes  BOKaugk  Park,  stretch- 
ing into  ThoTeAu  Park.  Thoresby  Hall 
is  the  splendid  «eat  of  the  Earl  of 
ManverE^  Elizabethan  style  from  de- 
signs by  Salvin.  The  park  is  10  m. 
round  and  has  a  fine  uieet  <j  watn 
formed  bf  the  river  Meden.  N.  tk 
Thoresby  is  Svelyn  Bglva,  and  adjoin* 
iug  that  is  Clta^>er  Park,  the  se«t  of 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle.'  The  giotindi 
are  beautiful  and  are  ornamented 
with  a  sheet  of  water  3  m.  bug.  The 
Worksop  Lodge  is  onlj  !t  m.  frcan  tiie 
town  of  Worksop  (see),  (o)  2  m.  S, 
of  Ollerton  is  Bafford  Abbeg  (Henry 
SaviUe,  Esq.).  an  Bliiabothau  hall  in 
a  beautiful  park.  The  whole  of  the 
district  is  remarkable  for  its  splendid 
timber,  many  of  the  bees  being  cX 
great  age  and  size. 

OiNET,  see  Bedford. 

OsEanroN  Qvasbibs,  see  Plytaoti&. 

Obfobd  C/tKn.E,  see  Al^ioroiigh  and 


IknUHKlrkJLanc.)— Btat..  L. 

&  T.  BIy.  (Inns :  Whealsheaf ;  King's 
Arms)— -hu  a  very  interesting  OturcA 
with  two  towers.  Monuments  in  the 
Stanley  chapel  to  members  of  that 
^mily ;  in  the  Scarisbrick  chapel 
'-  a  crusader,  and  on  the  N.  of  the 
.  effigies  su^iosed  to  be  Eing  and 
Queen  of  the  Isie  of  Man,  but  really 
members  of  the  Derby  family.  J£s> 
eumoiH.— (o)  2  m.  N.  on  the  Preslmi 
rood,  to  furscoujfA  Priory,  of  which 
the  roioB  of  what  must  have  been  a 
noble  arch  stand  between  the  road 
and  the  railway.  It  was  founded  fbr 
Black  Canons  by  Bobert  Filcheniy, 
in  the  reign  of  Biohord  I.,  and  was 
~   priory  of   great  importance,   and 


0JiX8KIBE~0aWS8TBT. 


319 


formerl;  the  burial  plsoe  of  tba  Earls 
of  Derby.  (6)  Newly  i  m.  N.W,  to 
BaiiaU  Ch.,  wMah  has  good  oak  Btalls 
with  f^tefique  carvings,  and  monn- 
mantB  to  the  Balaall  &milj.  (e)  3 
m.  N.E.  Lalhom  Maaie,  the  Kent  of 
Lord  Skelmersdale,  a  magnifloaut 
building.  It  was  erected  in  the  last 
century,  and  tbere  ia  no  trace  of  the 
celebrated  old  Lathom  Hotue,  which 
was  defended  by  the  ConuteBa  of 
Derby,  in  1614,  for  fbar  months 
against  the  Parliamentary  forces  un- 
der Sir  1.  Fairfax.  The  i«rk  is  *  m. 
round,  (d)  SoarMriek  koS  Qbady 
ficBTisbrick),  3  m.  N.W.,  is  a  splendid 


tike  hall  is  bang  round  with  oak 
figures  of  kni^ts. 

At  B^Uon,  2  SL  E.  of  Mag- 
hull  Stat,  5  m.  from  Ormiki]^  and 
7  m.  Irom  Liverpool,  is  a  fine  Ch., 
16tb  cent,  with  chapels  to  the  MoU- 
neoi  and  Blundell  families,  carved 
oak  screens,  and  pulpit  with  gQt  in- 
scription. In  the  chancel  are  16 
carved  stalla,  and,  amongst  other 
monuments,  an  altar-tomb  to  Lady 
Joan  UoUnenx.  3  m.  N.  ia  Ltjdiale 
Aiiiey,  used  as  a  Eoman  CathoUc 
burial-place,  which,  has  a  castellated 
towerof  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  The 
■oodem  Roman  Catholic  Ch.  adjoinins 
has  an  alabaster  figure  of  a  bishop,  and 
snue  alabaster  sculptures,  lepreeeut- 
ing  the  martyrdom  of  St  Catherine  of 
Aleiaudria.  Lydiate  Eall  is  an  ohl 
timbered  house,  coutaimiig  dtoM  and 
oak  canc^y.  In  an  upper  room  is  a 
panelling  representing  Henry  YIU. 
and  his  wives. 

OBPuraTOH,  see  ChidAttrtl. 

OsaaHOTOK,  see  WemniMth, 

OsHOTHiBLEI,  seo  NortluMerlon. 

OBwesti?  (Balop),  Stat  G. 
W.  Rly^  191  m.  from  Paddington; 
or  by  L.  &  N.  W.  Bly.  pM  Crewe; 
1}  hr.  by  rail  &om  Shrewsbcr^  and 
IJ  ht.  from  Chester.  Jniu:  *Wynn- 
stay  Arms  Hotel ;  Qneen'g  Hotel  A 
fine  ohi  town,  situated  amidst  prottily- 
wooded  hills  between  Watt's  and 
Oft'a  Dykes.  The  mound,  the  only  re- 
mains of  the  CaiOe,  is  pcettUy  planted 
and  laid  oat  with  walks.    The  vene- 


rable Chtireb  [restoration  by  Street  be- 
gun 1872),  once  convenluiU,  has  mo- 
nument to  Alderman  Gale  aud  wife, 
Ifiie.  Old  Omeitry  is  a  fine  British 
post,  1  m,  N.,  defended  by  a  triple 
rampart 


)  obtained 

the  fine  i 
teieating  becauae  the  D.  of  Welling- 
ton spent  some  of  his  early  days  there. 
Thenoe  at  a  short  distance  the  tourist 
will  pass  through  the  CeiriogVale— 
where  the  aqueduct  and  viaduct  must 
be  noticed. 

2  m.  beyond  village  of  Ckirk 
—  whence  Gktrk  Cattle  and  l^k, 
2i  m.  distant,  may  be  visited  —  is 
reached  Cfl/n,  near  which  observe 
remarkably  beantiful  viaduct  of  19 
arches  over  volley  of  the  Dee;  from 
this  point  the  lovely  vale  of  Llan- 
gollen begins  to  open  up  to  view, 
prominent  features  in  the  landscapo 
Dcing  the  river  Dee,  the  wonder- 
ful Pont-Cysylltau,  and  the  distant- 
height  of  Castell  Dinas;  from  Ce(k 
it  is  about  5  m,  through  the  vale  to 
Llangollen.  To  Overton,  6  m.,  pictu- 
resqi^y  situated  on  tlie  Dee ;  about 
I'm.  W.  is  the  picturesque  village  of 
Erhiitock  with  its  oh.-yd.  washed  In' 
the  river  Dee.  To  ElUamere,  about  11 
m.,  passing  at  2J  m.  WhUHngton,  where 
are  mins  of  Eul  Boger  de  Montgom- 
ery's Ca»Ue,  consisting  of  fragments  of 
8  towers,  moat,  and  vestiges  of  other 
defensive  works.  To  UanrhaiadT-jfO' 
JHbeAnant  14  m.  (Inn;  WynnstayArms), 
whence  the  waterfall  of  Pitlya  Sitai- 
air,  4  m.  distant,  may  be  visited ;  this 
eiconnon  may  also  be  extended  to  the 
pictnresqne  viUage  of  iiangynnoj, 
5  m.  beyond  Uanrhaiadr;  Uienoe 
2\  m.  to  ifelonffeC,  where  the  CA.  is 
most  interesting.  Observe  especially 
carved  woodwork  representmg  le- 
gend of  St  Monaoella.  To  UanfyUin 
15  TO.  (fnnj  Wynnstajf  Arms.)  At 
5}  m.  is  Llonymynach  June,  whence 
a  branch  line  runs  to  Llnnfyllin 
through  the  village  of  lAantaiatffraid, 


OTTEBBUBS—OUNDLE. 


the  Ch.  o(  which  is  vorth  vUitinK ; 
hence  throngh  the  pretty  valley  of  me 
Ciiin  it  is  6  m.  to  iian^fli7i,^Bsinj! 
at  2  m.  rt  Uanfechan.  To  LlanfaxT 
21  m.  Iroin  LlaiigBmt&Bii<i  (see  nbove) : 
it  is  about  7  m.  B.W,  by  vale  of  tbe 
Vymwy  to  JHet/bd  (an  escelleDt  ftsbing 
Btntion),  with  its  inlereBting  Ch.;  beoce 
it  is  about  6  m.,  by  lAangynya  and 
the  ainip  of  Pen-j-CusteJl,  to  Llan- 
fair,  also  a  fisbing  station  (see  WfUh- 
pool). 

Dialancf-t  (by  rail). — Corwen,  IJ  hr. ; 
Wrexham,  j  hr. ;  EJlesmere,  20  min. ; 
Whitchnicb,  1  ht. ;  Welshpool,  i  hr. 

Otlbt,  see  Bqrrogate. 

Ottbbbocrne,  see  TCincftesfer. 

OCferbum  (Northumberlaiid), 
30  m.  from  Newcastle ;  tail  to  Wood- 
bam  Stat,  and  thence  by  foot  or 
private  conveyance,  which  must  be 
ordered  from  Percy  Anns,  Otterbum. 
Bcllingham  (Stat.)  7  m.  Inn:  Percy 
Ams.  The  Tower  (T.  James,  Esq.) 
is  modern,  but  encloBoa  remams  of  a 
more  ancient  strootore;  in  the  porch 
are  three  fine  Bomau  (Mitbraic)  altars 
from  Kutcheatcr.  N.  of  village  is  a 
Tery  strong  clialyheale  spring ;  there 
is  also  another  sjiring  called  the  Wiik- 
'  iwj  WeU.  1  ra.  beloiv  the  village,  on  rt. 
bank  of  the  Beedwatcr,  which  abounds 
in  trout,  is  the  fathomless  SUvemvi 
Well,  a  anlphnr  spring  which  bubbles 
up  hazel  nuts,  though  no  trees  of  the 
kind  grow  near,  1  m,  W.  is  a  queer 
pointrf  stone  pillar,  called  Percy's 
Criat,  said  to  mark  the  spot  where 
that  hero  fell  in  the  BatOe  of  OlUr- 
htm  (1388). 

ExcuTsiom.—KhoyA  3  m,  E.,  in  wild 
moorland  country,  is  Ehdon ;  in  c( 
of  the  village  is  Uie  interesting  c 
form  Gk.  of  St.  Cuihbert,  and  en 
fortilled  Partimage  (called  Eltdon 
CasOe).  (2)  To  Bochesl&r  and  the 
Bedemcire,  16J  m.  1  m.  W,  beyond 
Peicy's  Cross  is  pasied  EUiihaa, 
beyond  which,  1  m.  on  rt.,  is  Hon- 
leg  Ch.,  a  modem  Lombardio  edi- 
fice with  apse :  tbe  fiedesdale  Arms 
here  isa  |;ood  Jnn;  1}  m.  further  on, 
just  aficr  passing  I.  the  heights  of 
Bookhope  Edge,  is  the  lioman  station 
of  Bixhe»ier  (Bremeninm);  the 
sonry  of  the  W.  gate  is  veiy  perfect, 


and  the  arrangements  of  the  housea 
and  atreets  stUl  visible ;  within  the 
parallelogram  are  two  Peel  towers ; 
the  Watimg-street  paasea  through  the 
parish,  and  is  followed  by  tbe  modem 
road  for  some  distsJlce  on  N.  aide  of 
the  Heed.  1}  m.  E.  of  the  oamp  wns 
the  Boman  Imrial-plaee,  where  four 
funeral  monuments  or  dppi  still  re- 
main. (3)  Drive  by  Bisingham  to 
Bdlirujham,  1  m. 

Ottkeshaw,  Bee  Cherltea. 

Ottertok,  see  Sidnumtk. 

OuLTON,  see  Lcacettoft. 

Oundle  (Nortliants.).  &tat.,L.& 
N.  W.  BIy.  /nns;  Talbot;  Doiphiu. 
One  of  the  pleasBntest  t^wna  iu 
Notthamplonsbre,  situated  on  Uio 
banks  of  the  None.  The  Church  has 
been  teatored  under  Sir  6.  G.  Seotl't 
direction.  Tbe  nave  and  aisles  are 
K  E.,  with  Dec  windows,  and  a  Dec. 
clerestory.  The  transepts  and  ohan* 
eel  ate  early  Dec. ;  the  tower  and  fine 
S.  porch,  Perp.  The  p^pil,  dating 
tale  in  the  14th  eent,  deserves  special 
attention. 

One  or  two  Exeursiani  of  interest 
may  be  made  from  Onndle.  One 
round  may  be  to  the  "  New  and  Old 
Buildings"  at  Li/veden ;  thence  lo 
Brigstock  and  Farming  Woodt,  re- 
turning by  Benejield.  A  second  ex- 
pedition may  embrace  Cotterdoek  and 
Tamor,  tlie  great  oaks  of  Morha7 
Lawn,  Woodiiewton,  Apelhorpe,  and 
KingKliffe,  &om  mhioli  placo  the 
Wansford  Slat,  of  the  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely. 
may  be  reached:  or  the  return  may 
be  made  to  Ouadle. 

(a)  The  Lyveden  Buxldiag*  are 
about  5  m.  B.W.  of  Oundle,  and  well 
deserve  a  visit  The  "old  build"  was 
probably,  and  the  "new  build"  cer- 
tainly, tiie  work  of  Sir  Thoa.  Tresham. 
It  baa  been  conjectured  that  the  "  now 
build"  was  intended  for  &  religious 
house.  The  most  remarkable  features 
of  the  building  are  the  sculpturea  and 
inscriptions,  which  nm,  the  former 
above  the  second  storey,  the  latter 
above  tbe  third.  The  "old  build" 
lies  close  under  the  new,  and  is  now 
a  substantial  and  picturesque  faim- 
hotise. 

2  m.  E.  of  LTveden  Is  BngOodt,  in    ' 


OUSDLE-OXFOOD. 


321 


the  heart  of  the  old  foreet,  where  the 
verjr  eaxij  work  in  the  ciburoA  ihoold 
attmct  the  ani  iquary.  N.  of  the  village 
is  Farmi-ag  Wooif*  (Lord  LyVBdcn), 
with  Bom«  fine  renmina  of  ancient 
wood  nbout  it 

(6)  Morhay  Loam  may  be  the  main 
objeot  of  a  BBoond  eipedition.  which 
ma;  be  continued  to  KingnMffe.  At 
2  m.&omOandleCbUersbKftia  ranched, 
where  the  cAur<A  in  worth  a,  visil. 
Acrosa  the  river  is  Tamor,  where  the 
church  contains  some  carved  ataUa, 
mid  to  hare  b«en  bron^ht  from  the 


of  whioh  haa  a  reniarkablo  Deo.  win- 
dow. 1  m.  farther  wa  reach  Apethorpe, 
a  honae  of  some  intereat,  belonging  to 
the  Earl  of  Weetmoiland.  There  is 
a  long  and  fine  wainacotted  gallery, 
with  a  riohly  -  ornamented  ceiling. 
Ilie  honae  contains  some  good  pic- 
hire*.  The  park  ooruprlBea  a  oon- 
tiderable  extent  of  gronnd.  and  JSorhay 
Lawn  waa  andently  inelnded  in  it. 
The"  lawn ''deaarvea  a  visit  A  road 
through  flelda  from  Apethntpe  leads 
to  it  On  the  W.  aide  are  the  Horhas/ 
Oaia,  bmouB  old  treet^  (rf  unknown 


from  Waiw/ord  Stat,  by  which 
retam  may  be  made  to  Chindle. 

li  m.  W.  oSBamwett  SUU.  is  LUford 
Park.  Close  at  hand,  rt.,  are  the 
Baminell  chtiTcke$  and  the  raiuB  of  the 
CagUe,  worth  visiting. 

ta/ord  Fark  (Lord  Lilfoid) 
fine  Gharlea  I.  mansion.  The  house 
eUnds  high,  among  thick  and  noble 
wooda,  and  is  nppr^ched  on  oU  aides 
by  very  fine  avenues  of  elm.  There 
are  terraced  gardens,  besides  aviaries 
and  menageries  containing  s<nne  i 
and  interesting  birds  and  animals. 

BanaBell  oontained  2  great  manora, 
which  formed  2  dis^nct  pnrishea, 
Bamweil  St.  Andrew  and  Bamwell 
All  Saints.  Thej  are  now  united, 
although  each  has  its  oh. 

The  keys  udmittiiig  to  the  quad- 
rangle of  the  CaiOe  will  be  found  a1 


the  very  piotarestjue  fannhoiue,  with 
gnUes  and  tall  ehiDmeyn.  standing  on 
one  side  of  a  green,  aoro.-s  vliich  the 
castle  itself  is  seen.  The  OHstle  con- 
sists of  a  great  quadraoKh-,  with 
trefotl-ehaprd  towers  ut  the  angles, 
and  an  entrance  gateway  between 
flanking  lowers,  whioli  ore  rounded. 

The  Ch.  of  BarnanU  St.  Andrta 
has  been  restored  (18T3).  The  tower 
is  E.  E.  below,  and  Deo.  in  the  upper- 
most  stage,  with  a  Dec.  spire.  The  B. 
porch  is  B.  E.,  the  N.  door  rioh  De& 

The  Ch.  of  Samteea  AU   SaitOt, 


which  is  retained  as  a  bnrying-place 
for  a  branch  of  the  Montagues. 

1}  in.  N.E.  of  the  Barnwell  StaL 
is  the  very  interesting  church  of  FdU- 
hrook.  It  may  be  reached  bv  a  plea- 
sant path  across  fields.  There  waa 
liere  at  first  a  late  Norm.  ch.  An 
E.-E.  tower  and  spire  were  added  on 
the  S.  side,  the  B.  arcade  altered,  and 
E.-E.  tioiuepts  and  a  chancel  built. 
The  E.-E.  work  thionghout  is  very 
beautiful. 

4  m,  N.  of  Oandle  is  Fatheringhay 
so  celebrated  in  Engliih  history.  Toe 
church  and  site  of  the  caiUe  well  de- 
serve a  visit  (see  Ptterborough), 

OcTWEix,  see  Wiibeach. 

Over  Darwen  (Lano.],  Stat. 
L.  AY.  Bly.  (inn;  Angel),  is  a  ma- 
nufacturing town,  the  population  of 
which  lias  enormously  inoreB«ad  vrith- 
in  the  last  half  century.  It  is  noted 
for  the  large  India  JUiUs  of  Messrs. 
Eocles,  Shurrook,  Bros,,  &  Co.,  which 
oontain  160,000  spindles.  Permission 
to  visit  on  application  and  intiodue- 

4  J  m.  N,  is  Blaekhttm  Juno. 

Otsb  Stowet,  see  Bridgwater. 

OvBSOTKun>,  see  Oonwr, 

Overton  (Northauls),  see  PeUr- 
borough. 

OvBBTOK  (Flint),  see  Oneatry. 

OvBBTos  (York*.),  see  York. 

OwLESBCBV,  see  WineheiUr. 

OxBDBOB,  see  Saaffham 

Oxford  (Oxfordshire).  Stats. 
Ot  W.  BIy.  (631  m.  from  London), 
BndL.&N.W.  BIy.(7Sm.);  ftomthe 
latter  station  trains  ran  to  BK'trhley, 


when  the  main  line  U  jdued.  Jam  : 
•'Bandolph  H.,  at  the  comet  of  Bean- 
mont^treet ;  'Clarendon  H^  in  the 
Cran-matket;  Hitie  H^  Eigb-atreet; 
Eing'B  Anns,  Bnnd-Btrset. 

^e  prindpol  street,  remarkable 
fbr  tho  baiidinga  whiob  line  it,  and 
grand  terminBtion  in  the  atately  tower 
of  Magdalen,  is  the  High-itreet,  which 
contains  four  oolites,  two  noble 
ohnrchea,  and  the  Botanio  Gardens,  as 
welt  as  Bome  of  the  best  shops.  It  is 
about  1  m.  long,  running  nearly  E. 
and  W. :  at  its  W.  eitreaity,  it  is  snc- 
(eeded  by  a  greatly  inferior  street, 
called  Qneen-street,  which  soon  di- 
vides into  two  branohes— Caatle-Btreet 
t,  and  the  New-road  rt— which  leads 
to  the  stations.  Broad-stroet  runs 
parallel  with  High-street,  at  a  short 
dlslance  N.,  and  St.  Aldate's  and  the 
0>m-niarket  nm  Iit«a  6.  to  N.,  ter- 
minating in  St  Gilee's-stteet,  with  a 
fine  aYenne  of  elms. 

The  obieT  sights  may  be  seen 
in  the  fiDllowing  order :  —  Paaaing 
from  the  station  b?  the  New-road 
(notice  COite/i  TouKr,  and  the 
GuOe  Xound  on  rt. ;  the  castle  itself, 
ft  courthouse  and  prison,  is  modem 
work,  imitating  N<am.)  and  Qoeen- 
Btteet,  you  arrive  at  Carfax,  the  aty 
Ch.,  whore  four  roads  meet.    After  a 

Sltuiae  E.  op  the  High-street,  turn 
own  m.  Aldate's-street.    On  rt.  f 
the  oh.  of  that  name,  and  Pembroke 
College  (aee  20,  poit}.  On  the  opposite 
tide  M  the  sbeet  yon  pees  under  Tom 
Gatew^  into 

(I)  UHMBr  Cktbch.  (See  Tom 
Gateway,  Hall,  Cathedral,  Library, 
New  Buildings,  Meadow,  and  Walks.) 

This  noble  foundation  was  com- 
menced by  Cardinal  Wols^  in  1B25. 

The  principal  entrance  is  in  St.  Al- 
date's-stceet,  along  one  side  of  which 
extends  U)e  facade  100  tt.,  broken  in  the 
centre  by  a  noble  gateway,  surmounted 
by  a  sii-sided  tower  with  doini^l  toof, 
added   by  Sir  Chriatoph) 


It  0 


i  tho  G 


<lof 


0  than  double  the  weight  of  the 
great  bell  of  St.  Paul's.  Every  night, 
R  little  after  9  o'clock,  it  rings  101,  tho 


number  of  members  on  the  fbondatkiii. 
Notice  in  rateway  a  fine  atellne  of 
Wolsey,  by  Biri. 

The  Porter's  I«dge  is  m  the  gate- 
way, where  application  to  view  the 
Hall,  Ac.,  must  be  made.  If  l^ds  into 
the  Oreat  QuadTangle  (vulgo  "Tom 
Quad."),  measuring  26*  ft  by  261  fl. 
It  contains  the  lodgings  of  tJie  Dean 
and  Canons,  the  Hall  (on  rt.),  and 
many  sets  of  rooms  occupied  by 
nior  members  of  the  "  House." 
At  the  &M.  comer  of  the  quadrangle 
you  pass  to  the  Eali,  approached  by  a 
grand  and  beautiful  staircase,  whose 
delicate  fan-roof  springs  from  a  single 

Eillar.  Tho  fi'oU,  the  largest  and  finest 
1  Oifbrd  (length  113  R.,  width  40  ft, 
height  50  ft.),  was  finished  by  Wolsey 
himself,  in  the  late  Perp.  style,  bi 
it  the  Sovereign  is  received  on  visit- 
ing Oxford.  The  portraits  (about  120 
in  number)  that  line  the  walls  are  in 
many  cases  of  great  interest.  Close 
by  the  HaU  is  the  Kiteheu,  which 
shonld  not  be  passed  unnoticed,  being 
an  excellent  specimen  of  Ute  andent 
English  style. 

2^  CalhedraL 
At  the  foot  of  the  Hall  staircase 
is  the  entrance  to  what  remains  of 
the  bnildings  of  the  ancient  mona- 
stery, viz.,  &e  cloisters  of  the  Caih^ 
dral,  which  serve  as  a  ^uiel  to 
Christ  Church,  and  were  originally  the 
ch.  of  the  priory  of  St  Frideswide. 

The  Ch.,  which  was  restored  (1671) 
by  Scott,  has  its  principal  entrance 
from  the   Great  Quadrangle,  and  is 
also  entered  from  the  cloister  at  the 
S.W.  earner.    It  presents  a  mixture 
of   different   styles,    in    which   late 
Norm,  predominates. 
Divine  Service  at  10  a.ii.  and  5  p.m. 
Attached  to  choir  on  N.  are  the 
Lady  or  Latin  Chapel  (built  131b> 
and  the  Dean's   or  St   Frideswide'a 
chapel.      Between    the    piers  which 
separate   these    2  chapels   are  three 
tombs:— (1)   Sir  Geoige  Nowers,  d. 
1425;   (2)   Prior  Guimond,  4  1H9;      I 
and  (S)  Lady  Elizabeth  Montacnte,      I 
d.   13S5.      Beyond    this   last  is   the     I 
Shrine  of  St  Frideswide  (date  lieo^ 
though   more   probably   it   was   the 


watching  chamber  of  the  taoper  of 
the  shrine.  Obe.  double  Norm,  aroh- 
inK  (a  pecnliac  feahire)  of  the  interior. 

The  Chapt^'hoate,  in  the  cloister, 
has  a,  flue  Trans. -Norm,  doorway,  but 
the  building  (^nhich  cannot  be  viaited 
without  apphcatioQ  to  the  Dean  oi 
one  of  the  Canons)  ia  a  beautiful 
specimen  of  the  E.-E.  style,  with 
lancet  windows  and  a  groined  Tault. 
At  the  end  of  the  cloister  is  a  door- 
way which  leads  to  the  New  Build- 
ings, from  which  access  may  be  had 
to  Christ  Church  meadows. 

The  beautiful  WaOi  which  inter- 
sect and  encloae  a  meadow  of  50  acres, 
the  angle  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  T^uues  (here  Btyled  leia)  and 
the  Cberwell,  are  a  great  and  natural 
MUTce  of  pride  to  Chnst  Church.  A  fa- 
mons  avenue  of  elms  stretches  across 
the  moulowi  from  W.  to  S.,  and 
encloses  the  Broad  Walk,  and  a  wide 
path  has  also  been  formed  from  the 
gate  of  the  New  Buildings  to  the 
"  Boats." 

Here  on  the  evening  of  Skmn  Sun- 
day, that  immediately  before  Com- 
memoration, nearly  all  the  members 
of  the  Uniietsity,  in  acaderoio  cos- 
tume, with  strangers  visiting  Oxford, 
form  a  promenade,  and  present  an 
animated  scene.  N.  of  the  Broad 
Walk,  and  immediately  at  back  of 
Ch.  Ch.,  ia 

(2)  CoBFCB  Chbisti.  (See  vaulted 
roof  of  Gateway,  Chapel,  and  view 
from  Garden.) 

"  unded  ia 

_r.  jf  Wincheater.    , a-, 

remains  much  ai  it  was  left  by  the 
founder,  and  contains  a  remarkable 
cylindrical  dial,  with  a  perpetual 
calendar  in  its  centre.  Opposite  the 
entrance  ia  the  statue  of  the  founder. 
The  EaU,  with  good  late  Perp.  roof, 
contains  his  picture,  and  the  Chapel 
(which  haa  a  fine  altar-raece  by 
£ubeiii)  bis  pastoral  staff,  rings, 
pyxes,  and  other  valuables.  The 
rooms  on  the  2nd  floor  of  the  Ubrary 
staircase  are  those  iniiabited  by  the 
"judicious  "  Hooker.  Cardinal  Pole 
and  Bp.  Jewell,  and  the  ever-memor- 
able Hales,  were  also  members  of  this 
college.    On  same  side  of  the  street  is 


(3)  MERTtiH.  (See  the  Chapel, 
Library,  HalL)  This  college  was 
founded  by  Walter  de  Merton  (in 
126j),  with  the  idea  of  carrying  out 
a  system  (which  had  no  existence 
before  his  time)  of  forbidding  the 
scholars  following  in  after  life  any 
other  pursuit  than  thai  of  parish 
priests. 

He  had  an  especial  veneration  for 
St.  John  the  Baptist;  and  chose 
the  parish  CU.  of  St.  Jehu  for  hla 
college  chapel :  hence  the  sculp- 
ture over  the  entrance  gateway.  The 
Chapel,  one  of  the  statehest  and  largest 
in  Oxford,  giving  a  chief  feature  to  the 
city  by  its  massive  lower,  consists  of 
a  choir  and  transepts  or  ante-chapel. 

There  are  two  quadrangles,  bolh 
picturesque.  The  ubrary  quadrangle, 
or  "Hot}  Quad.,"  has  been  little 
altered  since  its  erection,  o.  13S0.  It 
is  approached  by  two  passages,  with 
high-pointed  groining  of  Uie  13th 
cent.  Over  the  2nd  of  these  is  the 
exceedingly   corioua   Treamry,  built 


(reatored  1872)  retains  the  original 
doorway,  and  the  14th-cent  oak 
door,  with  its  fine  ironwork.  The 
LSirary,  being  the  earliest  in  Oxford, 
has  served  as  a  model  to  other  col- 
leges. 

The  Inner  Quadrangle,  of  Jacobean 
stjrle  (1610),  has  a  gateway  tower  in 
imitation  of  that  of  Uie  schools. 

Adjoining  Merton  is  St.  AUian  Hall, 
built  about  1230.  and  named  after  its 
founder,  Eohert  de  St.  Alban.  The 
Hall  and  Chapel  are  fair  modem 
Gothic,  bat  the  small  quadrangle 
contains  a  curious  ancient  bell-tower. 

fflOmEL.  Situated  at  comer  of 
-atreet,  opposite  Corpus  Christi. 
Founded  by  Adam  de  Bxome  1324, 
and  enhirged  in  1326  by  Edw.  U, 
The  mansion  on  the  present  site, 
bestowed  on  the  collie  by  Kdw. 
HI.,  was  called  Le  CWole.  The 
present  buildings  are  all  compara- 
tively modem  (1620-1640).  The 
Hall  and  Chapel,  though  without 
striking  architectural  merit,  are  ex- 
tremely pictureaque.  This  college, 
as  being  ono  of  tne  first  to  open  its 


82i  OXF 

fellowBhipB  to  the  nnlvereit;,  was  re- 
markable for  the  celebrated  membera 
it  oontamed  at  one  time  within 
i(8  vallBi  viz.,  Copleston,  DaviBOD, 
Vhately,  Keble,  Arnold,  Newman, 
Hampden,   Fusej,  WUberforce,    and 

Neat  Oriel  ia  St.  Mary  BaJ],  an 
oKhoot  of  that  college,  founded  1383. 
The  Hall,  with  Chapel  above,  built 
abont  1610,  exhibits  some  very  good 
tracery  in  the  windowi.  Oriel-street 
leads  from  Merton-street  into  the 
Hi^b-«treet  opposite  8i.  MaTj^i,  the 
Univernly  Church.  Ttming  to  the 
rt.  you  arrive  in  torn  at  ^11  SoM  and 
QtiU»'»  ColUge*  od  I.,  and  Vnivertily 
OMegeoutt. 

(5)  All  Souls.  (See  the  Qate- 
vay  in  High-etreet,  the  Chapel,  the 
Library.)  Founded  in  14S7,  by  Atch- 
bUhop  CUchele.  The  let  quad- 
nuigle  is  iu  the  lame  state  in  which 
it  was  erected  by  Chichele,  The  N. 
quadrangle  was  designed  by  Hateke- 
moor,  in  1720,  and  oomplel«d  in  1740. 
It  contains  the  Library,  Chapal,  and 


by  a  gateway,  with  &il-tnii;ery  vault- 
ing. The  m^enifioent  reredos,  exe- 
cuted by  Sir  Gilbert  Scott,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  college  by  the  moni- 
Scence  of  Lord  Bathurst  (the  Senior 
Fallow),  is  well  worthy  of  careful 
study.  It  is  executed  in  stone,  aad  most 
of  the  principal  figures  are  intended 
as  likenesses  of  the  present  Fellows. 
The  Hali  is  spacious,  but  iu  bad  taste, 
The  Library,  which  is  a  fine  room, 
built  by  bequest  of  Col.  Codringion, 
1716,  poasesaeB,  among  other  interest- 
ing works,  the  origiiml  designs  of 
Wren  for  the  building  of  St.  Paul's, 
&c.,  300  in  number. 

(6)  trmyBBaiTT.  (See  the  Gate- 
way witJi  statues,  tjte  Chapel,  the 
New  Building.)  Founded  about  1219, 
by  William  de  Lanum,  Archdeacon 
of  Durham. 

The  front  of  this  college,  with  its 
two  tower  galeways,  is  very  imposing, 
and  is  a  great  ornament  to  the  High- 
street,  though  in  the  debased  Gothic 
of  ihe  time  of  Charles  I.  The  Hall, 
built  in  16ST,  was  remodelled  in  1766. 


The  new  TAbrary,  by  Soott  (Dec.),  vroa 
boilt  in  the  Fellows'  Garden  in  1861. 
The  Chapd,  built  1665,  was  ie- 
modelled  m  I8«;2  \>y  BcoU,  In  the  Deo. 
style,  receiving  a  now  xoof  and  E. 
window.  The  windows  are  valuable 
specimens  of  the  revival  of  stained 
uasa  in  the  time  of  Charles  I.  and  IL 
The  E.  guHdrangle  is  chiefly  occupied 
by  the  lOBstei'B  lodgings  ,■  it  was  built 
by  a  bequest  from  Dr.  Radcliffe,  and 
is  open  to  gardens  to  the  8.  Tb« 
detached  New  Building  at  the  W. 
end  Is  an  exceedingly  Segant  atmo- 
tnre  by  Sir  Charlet  Barry,  finished  in 
ISSO. 

(7)  QcEMCa  (See  the  Gateway, 
Chapel,  HftU,  Litnvry.)  Fonnded  tn 
IMl,  by  Bobert  de  Egleslleld,  ooa- 
fessor  to  Queen  Fhilippa,  &om  whom 
it  took  its  name. 

The  college  is  a  modem  (so-called) 
Grecian  bnilding,  the  work  of  Wren 
and  hiapupil  Hawkamoor.  The  main 
eutranoe  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola, 
under  which  is  a  statue  of  Gatoline, 
Queen  of  George  II.  The  Chapel  is 
a  we!!  proportioned  building,  irith 
painted  windows  from  the  hiafDryoT 
Our  I«rd,  and  stai«ly  marble  pillars. 
The  Moll,  designed  by  Wten,  is  a 
handsome,  lofty  room,  with  numerous 
porttatta.  many  of  royal  personages. 
The  lAbroTji  now  contains  one  oC  the 
best  private  collections  of  books  in 
Oxford. 

In  New  College  -  lane,  opposite 
Queen's,  is  St  Edmund  HaU.  The 
present  buildings  date  from  abont  the 
middle  of  the  17th  cent.  They  are 
of  very  plain  character.  Attenuon  is 
drawn  to  the  magnificent ''  Wistaria  " 
growing  on  its  walls.  At  end  of  EUgh- 
Btieet  is 

1 8)  Maodaleh.  iSee  the  Tower, 
West  Front,  Chapel,  Cloisters,  Hall, 
the  Walks.)  Founded  in  1456,  by 
Wm.  Fatten,  Bp.  of  Winchester,  sut- 
named  Waynfletc,  from  his  birthplace 
in  Lincolnshire, 

This  college  is  distingoished  at  once 
by  its  graceful  Pen>.  tower,  145  fL 
high  (1492-1503),  rismg  at  the  side 
of  the  bridge  over  the  Cherwell,  m 
entering  Oxford  by  the  old  London 


It  would  be  difficult  to  exaggerate 
the  beauties  of  it. 

Enterine  the  fint  quadtangle,  the 
noble  oriEd  ovei  the  furthar  gate  is 
that  of  the  Founder's  chamber. 

The  Chapel  was  restored  by  Cot- 
tingbatn  in  1833.  The  choral  service 
<at  5  P.M.)  in  it  ia  verr  fine.  It  at 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Clm$Un,  a  grace- 
ful quadrangle  of  the  time  of  the 
founder,  but  onianieiited  with  rude 
sandstone  statues,  erected  in  honoui 
of  a  visit  of  JameB  I. 

Passing  the  Inner  QuadraTigle  and 
NeiB  Buibiirtg,  we  reach 

Magdalen  Walki,  a  meadow  at- 
tached to  the  college,  and  small  deer- 
park,  encircled  by  the  arms  of  the 
Cherwell,  and  intersected  hy  avenues 
of  trees,  alonjif  raised  dykes.  That 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  meadow  is 
known  as  "  Addison's  Walk,"  as  it 
was  much  frequented  by  him  when 
a  member  of  this  college. 

The  attention  of  the  visitor  is  also 
dravm  to  the  deer  park  (aa  such  the 
smallest  in  England),  a  most  secluded 
and  delightful  spot,  abounding  in 
magnificent  ehns,  measuring,  many  of 
Ibem.  over  22  ft.  in  girth,  and  above 
120  ft  in  height. 

Wolsey  entered  this  college  14S5, 
and  at  15  yeua  obtained  the  degree 
of  B.A.,  whence  his  appellation  of  the 
Boy  Bachelor. 

In  accordance  with  an  ancient  cus- 
tom, a  Latin  hymn  ia  sung  at  the 
top  of  the  tower  at  sunrise  on  May 


Opposite  Magdalen,  is  the  Botanic 
or  Phytic  Garden,  entered  by  a  gate- 
way designed  by  Inigo  Jones,  aad  or- 
naniented  with  statues  of  Charles  I. 
and  II. 

A  short  distance  W.  of  the  college 
is  Magdalen  CoUege  SchooL  Its  fouu- 
datioD  is  coeval  with  that  of  the  col- 
lege, but  the  present  building  is  a 
good  Perp.  structure  by  Buckle,  the 
tonndation-stone  of  which  was  laid  by 
Dr.  Kouth,  in  1849,  on  his  95th  birth- 
day. Betracing  your  steps  as  far  aa 
Queen's-lane,  and  following  its  wind- 
inga,  you  reach 

(9)  New  College,  or  The  CoUege 
of   St.   Maby    WiHTOH,    which   was 


founded  by  William  of  Wykeham,  as 
the  complement  to  Ms  greftt  school  at 
Winchester  (1380-86). 

We  enter  by  a  noble  Toatr  gal»- 
may,  with  the  Virgin  in  a  niche 
above,  to  whom  an  angel  and  the 
founder  are  addressing  themselves  in 

The  Chapd,  one  of  the  earliest 
Perp.  builmngs,  hae  a  maisive  de- 
tached bell-tower.  In  the  aote-chapel 
remain  aomo  of  the  original  painted 
windows,  and  there  ia  a  large  number 
of  brauei,  obiefly  t>f  former  wardens. 
The  painted  ulaas  in  the  W.  window 
is  from  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds'  detiigo. 
Here  is  preserved  the  silver  stall'  uf 
William  of  Wykeham.  The  choral 
(5  P.M.)  is  very  fine. 


The  W.  door  opens  into  the  plc- 
turesqne  Cloitten  1.130  ft.  by  85  ft.), 
remarkable   for     their    ribbed   roo^ 


which  resembles  the    bottom  of  e 
boat.    The  enclosure  is  planted  with 

The  Sail  ia  entered  thiongh  the 
muDiraeot  tower.  It  has  been  re- 
stored by  8eoU,  and  a  fine  oak  roof 
substituted  for  the  former  one. 

The  Garden*  are  among  the  most 
beauUfU  in  Oxford.  They  are  en- 
closed on  3  sides  by  the  ancient  walls 
of  the  city,  which  are  in  excellent  pre- 
servation. 

A  door  in  one  comer  of  the  garden 
opens  through  one  of  the  bastions  of 
the  old  walls  of  the  town,  into  a  strip 
of  ground  called  the  " Slype,'  whence 
a  picturesque  view  is  obtained  of  the 
bastions,  with  the  fine  Perp.  bell- 
tower  and  the  chapel. 


wards  Holywell-ntreet,  and  ( 
edge  of  the  before-named  "Slype." 
In  digging  out  the  foundations,  the 
remains  of  a  mammoth  were  dis- 
covered.    New  College-lane  leads  to 

(10)  The  Kino's  Hall,  commonly 
known  as  Bbasenobe.  (See  Bu- 
trance  gateway,  with  brazen  nose, 
Quudrangle,  Cnapel,  Hall,  Library.) 
Founded  bv  Bp.  Sroith,  of  Lincoln, 

■  ^ir  HicWrd  Sutton,  1513. 

le  entrance  tower  is  good  Perp. 

(restored  1366),  and  the  buUdiitga  of 


the  quadrangle  remain  in  their  origi- 
nal state,  except  that  tome  received 
an  extra  storey  temp.  Janea  I.  Bp. 
Heber  was  a  member  of  thia  coUeee, 
and  ocoapied  the  comer  rooms  on  the 
1st  floor  opposite  the  larse  baiee- 
chestnut  tree  in  Exeter  Oaidens. 

The  Chapel,  built  1G60,  is  in  a 
mixed  style. 

The  space  in  front,  Hadcliffe-iqiiete, 
has  in  its  centre  the  Godclifl'e  Li- 
brary, while  tie  E.  side  is  occupied 


The  Raddiffe  LibraTy,  named  after 
its  fonndra,  Dr,  Badoliffe,  the  phy- 
sician of  Wm.  III.  and  Queen  Anne, 
ia  a  handsome  rotunda,  with  a  dome 
on  an  octagon  base  {diam.  100  ft, 
beisht  140  ft.),  the  beat  work  of 
GibbB,  1749.  It  isopen  from  ID  a.m.  to 
lOp.H.  Thepanoraniaof  Olfordfrom 
the  roof  well  repays  the  ascent ;  small 
fee  of  M.  is  demanded  ftom  visilorB. 

A  sbort  distance  N.  are  the  SehoaU, 
a  quadrangalar  building  once  used 
for  lectures  in  the  different  Factilties, 
but  now  mainly  occupied  by  the  Bod- 
leian Library.  The  entrance  from 
Badcliffe-sqnare  is  b;  a  vaulted  pas- 
sage, but  the  central  Gale  Totcer  (E.) 
is  a  remarkable  example  of  the  Cinqiie- 
oento  stylo,  combining  the  five  orders 
piled  one  above  the  other. 

The  Piiblio  Eraminatioita  of  Candi- 
dates for  Degrees  are  held  !□  the 
rooms  on  the  ground  floor,  to  which 
mj  one  wishing  to  be  present  ia  ad- 
mitted. 

The  upper  floors  of  the  quadrangle 
are  occupied  by  the  Bodleian  Ubrary, 
named  aftor  its  founder.  Sir  Thomas 
Bodleytb.  1544,  d.  1612).  The  library 
of  300,000  volumes  is  open  to  all  gra- 
duates and  students  of  civil  law  or 
TQedioine,  and  straugers  introduced 
by  Uiem,  iu  summer  from  9  to  6,  and 
in  winter  (from  Michaelmas  to  Lady 
Day)  from  10  till  3.  Visitors,  how- 
ever, unaccompanied  by  a  member  of 
the  ITntversi^,  are  charged  an  admis- 
uon  fee  of  Sd.  It  ia  particularly  rich 
in  Oriental  literature,  and  poeseeses 
the  MSS.  collected  by  Dr.  Clarke  at 
Honnt  Athoa.  Among  the  curiosities 
it  contains,  some  of  which  are  under 


glazed  cases,  are  a  translation  of 
Genesis  into  Anglo-Saxon  by  Ciedmon, 
with  miniatures  of  9th  cent.;  11th  and 
12th  cent.  M88.;  MS.  of  Wickliffe'e 
Bible;  the  first  bible  of  Gutenbur^, 
&C.  Some  of  the  MSS.  are  adorned 
with  precioos  miniatnres  by  Albert 
Diirer,  Van  Eyck,  Hemlins;,  and 
others.  A  fine  Vandyck— a  Bead  rS 
Junius — merits  notice.  Borne  stained 
glass  at  end  of  rboni  represents  the 
penance  of  Henry  II.  at  Cantarbnry ; 
and  the  marriage  of  Henry  VL 

Higher  up  on  the  library  staircase 
is  the  Fictare  OalUnj,  which  contains 
many  curions  historical  portraits. 

Descending  to  the  BChoola  quad- 
rangle, a  vaulted  vestibule  leads  W. 
to  tlto  JHvimty  Sduiol.  Note  its 
nu^ifloent  roof,  .  The  door  at  thfe  W. 
end  of  the  room  admits  the  visitor  to 
the  Gonvonation  Boum  (1639),  where 
the  degrees  are  conferred  and  the 
business  of  the  University  is  trans- 
acted; notice  the  feu-tracery  of  its 
roof,  its  only  good  feature. 

(11)  LmooLH.  (Notice  the  Hall  and 
ChapeL) 

Founded  in  1427  by  Biohard  Fle- 
Diyng,  &i.  of  Lincoln. 

The  Baa  was  built  by  Dean  Forest 
in  1436 ;  the  interior  was  remodelled 
in  1701  by  Lord  Crewe, Bp.  of  Durham, 
who  cave  several  pictures  by  Leiy. 
The  Chapel,  built  in  1629  by  Williams, 
Bp.  of  Lincoln,  contains  some  good 
ancient  glass  brought  from  Italy  by 
him;  the  E.  window  is  very  remark- 
able, as  giving  a  perfect  aeries  of  types 
and  antitypes.  Of  this  college  Jolm 
Wesley  bt«ame  a  fellow,  1726,',and  the 
pulpit  from  which  he  preached  still 
remains  in  the  ante-chapeL    Opposite 

(12)  Jesus.  (Notice  the  Chapel  and 
HalL) 

Founded    1571    by   Hugh    Price,      , 
Treasurer  of  St.  David's ;  but  as  Queen 
Elizabeth  contributed   much  of   the      { 
timber  for  the  buildings,  she  is  desig-     . 
nated  founder;  aad  the  title  <tf  "second 
founder "  is  given  to  Sir  Ledine  Jen- 
kins, who  was  mainly  instrumental  in 
re-building  it   after  the   lestomtion. 
Jeaus  was   by  its   founder  intended 
excluaively  for  Welshmen,  but  this 


has  been  altered  by  the  ordinance  of 
the  TJniTeniity  Commiasioaecs,  and 
more  than  half  of  the  feUowshipa  are 
now  open  to  natives  of  any  country. 
The  Chapel,  built  1621,  and  restored 
la  J864,  u  noteworthy  as  the  only  ono 
in  Oxford  which  baa  a  double  cbanceL 
Service  is  conducted  here  in  WeUh  on 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays.  The  MaU 
has  an  elaborately  carved  screen  in 
the  Jacobean  sWle,  and  a  noble  bay 
window.  The  Library,  built  by  Sir 
Iieoline  Jenkins  in  1667,  coutaiua 
many  rare  MSS.,  but  its  chief  curioaity 
iB  "  Y  Llyfr  Coch,"  or  the  Bed  Book 
containing  the  early  Celtic  legends 
relating;  to  King  Arthur  and  his  round 
table.  Opposite,  and  oa  it  of  Lincoln 

(13)ExBTEB.  (SeetheHaU, Library, 
and  Chapel.) 

Founded  by  Walter  Stapleton,  Bp. 
of  Eietei,  1314.  This  is  one  of  the 
lai^eat  of  the  collegee.  The  greater 
part  of  the  buildings  ia  modem,  and 
they  are  among  the  finest  in  Oxford. 
The  Sou  was  built  in  1618  by  Bir 
John  Aaland,  and  restored  by  Nash 
in  1818,  Its  high-pitched  timber 
roof  is  rcry  fine.  The  Cbapel,  built 
hy  Scott  in  imitation  of  the  Saiate 
tihapelle  at  Fans,  is  perhaps  the  most 
remarkable  modem  ediSoe  in  the  city, 
and  is  well  worthy  a  visit.  Its  thut 
small  spire  is  conspicuous  from  a 
distonce.  The  interior  is  very 
tifiil,  and  the  painted  windows  by  BeB 
and  Clayioa  deserve  notioe.  The  Li- 
brary and  tbe  Broad-street  (or  N.) 
front,  also  by  Scott,  are  very  excellent 
Bpecimens  of  modem  Gothic. 

Adjoining  the  Broad-street  front  of 
Exeter  is  the  Aikmotean  Museum,  open 
&om  2  to  4  daily,  and  well  deserving 
a  visit.  In  it  is  preserved  the  cele- 
brated "  Alfred  Jewel." 

Lnmediately  adjoioing  tbe  Ashnio- 
lean  is  tbe  Theatre  built  by  Wren,  at 
tbe  expense  of  Aichbisbop  Sheldon, 
in  1669.  In  this  building  tbe  annual 
"Commemoration"  ot  benetacl*ra  to 
the  Univorsity  is  held,  prize  composi- 
tions are  recited  from  pulpits  in  fan- 
ciful imitation  of  a  Boman  rostrum, 
and  honorary  degrees  are  conferred 
distinguish^  persona. 


Not  many  yards  from  the  theatre, 
on  the  E.,  is  the  Old  Clarendon  Print- 
ing 0^,  erected  1711,  by  William 
Townsend.  Since  1830  it  has  been 
devoted  to  other  purposee,  principally 
as  office*  for  the  Uoiveieity  officials. 
Opposite  the  Clarendon  ia  I^rk-street, 
.  which,  on  rf.,  ia 

(14}  Wadhah.  (See  the  Entrance- 
tower,  Chapel,  Hall,  Gardens.) 

Founded  1613  by  Nioholaa  and  Do- 
rothy Wadham  his  wife.  The  build- 
e  Gothic,  of  excellent  character 
late  a  period.  The  Enlraiux- 
is  handBome,  and  the  Chapel 
good  E.  window  by  Fon  Linge. 
tail  has  an  open  timber  roof 
and  carved  oak  screen;  they  are 
among  the  most  remarkable  in  tbe 
TJniTersity.  The  Garden  is  very 
secluded  and  beantifnl,  with  some 
le  cedars. 

Beyond  Wadham.  on  the  space 
called  tbe  ParJci,  is  the  Neia  Maieiim 
of  Nat  Silt.,  built  1855-1860  by 
iSemr».  Dmne  &  Woodward,  in  tbe 
style  of  the  13th  cent.  It  is  open  to 
members  of  the  University  from  10  to 
"  and  visitors  are  admitted,  without 
I,  after  ii  vx.  The  central  area  ia 
divided  into  5  compartments,  or  pas- 
ining  parallel  from  W.  to  B.; 
N.  and  2  S.  of  the  central 
compartment,  which  &ces  the  princi- 
pal eatrance.  This  oentrst  compart- 
m^t  is  devoted  to  birds  and  mamma- 
lia ;  the  aisles  N.  to  skeletons  of  ver> 
lebratA ;  the  aisles  S.  to  reptiles  and 
fishes,  and  mineraia.  The  N.  corridor 
contains  hunan  crania,  tbe  E.  fossils, 
the  S.  philosophical  inatmmeuts,  and 
the  W.  the  pathological  department. 
The  Vpper  Floor  haa  a  large  leoture- 
room.  Along  the  W.  front  are  the 
Keading-i«oms  and  Library.  The  col- 
lection of  fossil  remains  is  of  interest. 
Beyond  on  1.  ia 

(15)  Eeble.  Founded  1868,  as  a 
memorial  of  the  late  Key.  John  Keble, 
author  of  '  The  Christian  Tear,'  and 
Vicar  of  Hnrsley,  ■  The  buildings,  by 
Butterfield,  are  of  variegated  brick. 

The  Chapel  is  the  loftiest,  most 
costly,  and  (of  its  style)  the  moat  mag- 
uificcnt  in  Oxford.  It  was  the  gift 
of  Mr.  A.  Gibba,  of  Tintesfield,  Bristol 


The  building  is  a  glaie  of  colour — no 

B«traoing  yonr  steps  to  BToad-etreet 
aie  the  garaaiui  of  St.  John's  »,ad 

(16)  THonrr.    (8eo  the  Chapel- 
eepedally  Q.  Qibbon^  carvings  in  it 
-and  Garieiu.) 

Founded  in  1554  by  Sir  Thomas 
Pope.  The  IVnoer  and  Gtapel  aie  of 
Gradon  uehiteotoH^  bnilt  by  Dr. 
Bathnnt,  a.  1695,  and  bvonrable  spa- 
dnun*  of  their  kind.  TheohapelluLga 
mort  bsantiflil  carved  screen  and  altar- 
pieoe  by  Qibbone — bis  ntasterpiece,  anil 
wall  worth  Btndy.  In  the  LArary  in  - 
ohalioe  that  belonged  to  St.  Alban' 
Abbey,  as  also  some  good  anoient 
painted  glass.  The  HaU  was  built 
1620,  bnt  has  dnce  undergane  manv 
alterations.  The  Gardmi  have  a  trel- 
lisad  wallc  of  pollard  limes  of  great 

At  the  comer  of  the  green  in  fi«nt 
of  Trinity  stands  £e((cl  fiall,  the  most 
picturesque  specimen  of  domeatio  ar- 
obiteoture  in  Oxford.  It  is  n< 
private  dwelling. 

At  the  comer  of  Broad-straet  and 
8t  Oiles'-itreet,  opp,  Ch.  of  St  Mary 
Magdalen  (see  CHnEOHK,  port,  ii.  4)  is 

(ITIBaujol,  (SeetheSouthFr-' 
tlie  Qiapel,  the  North  Building.) 

Fonnded  about  1263  by  John  Balliol 
and  Deevrguilla  his  wife.  No  part  of 
the  existing  building  iB  older  than 
1*31.  The  South  Front,  built  by 
Waterhotue  (1868),  has  a  massive  tower, 
or4 storeys.  The  Chapel,hj Mlterfidd. 
TBS  erected  in  1858  in  a  foreign-loob- 
ing  Gothic  style.  The  library  is  of 
the  15th  oent  externally,  bat  tho 
Interior  was  "  re-arranged  "  by  Wyatt 
about thedoseoftbelastcentury.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  RaU,  except 
that  it  has  been  enlarged  since 
■ff  jatf  B  time.  W.  of  the  Hall  extend 
other  buildings,  one  of  which,  the 
North  bnUding,  I^  Salvin,  1852,  has 
a  good  Qothio  gata-house  with  oriel 
window. 

It  was  in  &ont  of  the  B.  portion  of 
this  college  that  the  martyrs  Gnuuner, 
Latimer,  and  Ridley  were  burned.  A 
little  further  N.,  on  same  side  of  street, 

(IR)   St.   Josh's.      (See    the  two 


Old  Qnadrangles,  the  Chapel,  and 
Gardens.) 

Fonnded  1G57  by  Sir  Thomas  White. 
The  ooUege  has  a  fine  teirace  walk  in 
Iront,  shaded  by  a  row  of  elms.  Zn 
the  first  quadranglo  is  the  Hall,  mucli 
modernised.  The  Chapel,  built  1530, 
vras  restored  by  Blore  in  1843. 

A  vaulted  passage,  with  rich  bn- 
tracery  ceiling,  leads  into  the  seeoad 
quadrangle,  ^  pictureeqne  Palladiaa 
aKhiteotuFc,  bntlt  by  Inigo  Jonet  for 
Archbishop  Laud — a  much  admired 
example  of  the  style.  Along  two  tndea 
of  it  run  cloisters,  in  the  style  of  the 
great  Hospital  at  Milan.  The  S.  and 
G.  sides  are  occupied  by  the  Library, 
partly  Elizabethan,  partly  the  work  of 
laigo  Jones, 

St.  John'i  Gardem,  perhaps  the 
most  beautiful  in  the  University,  were 
laid  out  by  Brown  and  Bepton.  Their 
beanty  is  much  enhanced  by  the  view 
of  the  8.  front  of  the  college,  whidi 
inolndes  the  Library,  with  its  vene- 
rable oriels  and  quaint  stone  gablee. 

Nearly  opposite  St.  John's  are  the 
Taytor  Bnddingt  and  Univertity  Gal- 
Urie*,  erected  in  the  classic  style, 
1845,  &om  the  designs  of  C.  B.  Ooeke- 
reU.B.A. 

'This  building  owes  its  origin  to 
Sir  Bobert  Taylor  (d.  1TS8)  for  a  fonn- 
dation  to  teach  modem  European 
languages,  and  Dr.  Randolph  (d.  1796) 
for  a  building  to  contain  the  Pomftet 
marbles  and  otlier  works  of  art    The 

wingfacIngSt.  John's  is  the  Taylor 


Oxford  School  ci  Art  has  its  quarters, 
face  the  Bandolph  in  Beanmont-aireet. 
They  are  open  daily,  except  in  Angnst, 
12  till  4— ft  good  catalogue,  price  6d. 
Th^  contain  the  origiiul  models  of 
the  bnsts  and  statues  eseonted  by  Sir 
F.  Chantrey,  the  mnnifioent  gift  of 
ills  widow,  and  the  Pom&et  marbles 
(npwards  of  70  iu  number). 

On  the  first  floor  the  aibulrable  col- 
lection of  paintings  by  old  masters 
is  well  arraMied.  The  ioverof  art  will 
study  with  delight  the  original  draw- 
ings by  Ral^lle  '162)  and  Hiobael 
Angelo  (7if),  H  oollniHon   unequalled 


in  the  coimfi7.    At  tbe  back  of  theae 
galleries,  and  oa  vuj  to  riy.  stat.,  is 

(19)  Wo&OESiBB.  (See  the  Chapel 
and  Oitideiu.) 

Founded  in  1714  by  Sir  ThomM 
CookeB,  Bart,  on  the  site  of  Qlouoeeter 
Hall,  BUppreraed  ut  the  Dissolntion. 

The  C&Epei,  once  very  plain,  is  oi 
decorated  with  stiff  flgnre  groupe 
Tnediseval  it  jle,  on  a  gold  gromu^  aod 
in  the  roof  by  medallions  and  ara- 
b^nes  by  Burgu  (1S66).  In  the 
Library  is  Inigo  Jones'B  copy  of  Palla- 
dio's  works,  with  notes  and  sketches 
by  hia  ownhand.  The  extonsiTe Oar- 
dens  are  prettily  laid  oat,  and  contain 
R  la^  sheet  of  water,  known  as  Wor- 
oesler  Lake. 

Not  far  &oai  Woroester  is  Sea  Inn 
Bail,  originally  Trilleck's  Hall,  bonght 
by  William  of  Wykehatn  in  1389,  and 
^ven  by  him  to  New  College.  The 
present  buildings  are  modem. 

(20)  pEHBBtKE  (see  the  Entrance 
Towec  and  new  Hall)  is  in  St.  Aldate's- 
street,  opposite  Christ  Church. 

Founded  on  the  site  of  BK«dgatee 
Hall  in  1624,  by  Thomas  Tesdale  and 
tbe  Bev.  Aioh.  Wightwick,and  named 
in  honour  of  William  Herbert,  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  then  Chancellor  of  the 
UnlTersity. 

Tbe  Ei^nmee  Qatmnay  and  the  ffoS 
(1848)  are  handsome,  but  the  rest  of 
the  buildings  is  very  plain.  Samael 
Johnson  occupied  the  rooms  over  the 
original  gateway,  but  poverty  oom- 
peUed  bim  to  leave  Pembroke  before 
na  had  taken  his  degree. 

n. 


1.  3^  Ck.  of  Si.  Mary  Ihs  Virgin, 
which  is  also  the  Unirersity  Ch.,  in 
tbe  High-street,  is  conspicuous  by  its 
beautiful  Dec  spire  (I88t  ft.  high),  a 
memorial  of  Eleanor  of  Castile.  It 
has  been  restored  by  Scntt, 

2.  AU  BainU,  a  short  distance  W.  of 
St.  Mary's,  was  built  (1705-10)  from  a 
design  by  Oeon  Aldrioh. 

a  at.  Peter  in  the  Eait,  in  New  Col- 
lege-lane.   Tliis  oliiircli  has  a  Norm, 


crypt,  mnoh  resembliug  that  of  Win- 
chester Cathedral.  The  chancel,  also 
late  Norm.,  rotains  its  original  groined 
roof.  Obeerve  the  oham  ornament 
typical  of  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula. 

4.  8t.  6iMt,  in  the  street  of  that 
name,  has  a  T^os.-Norm.  lower,  but 
the  rest  is  E.  £..  The  windows  are 
good  E.  E.,  as  are  the  B.  doorway  and 
porch.    The  font  is  temp.  Henry  UI. 

5.  St.  Mara  AfogdoisB,  oppoailo  Bel- 
liol  College,  naa  a  S.  aisle  of  the  time 
of  Edward  n.,  and  a  Perp.  tower ;  and 
a  N.  aisle,  rebuilt  by  Scott  in  1841.  as 
a  part  of  the  Martyri'  Memorial.  The 
Memorial  oross,  N.  of  the  ch.,  is  an 
imitation  of  the  Eleanor  c: 
Scolt,  finished 
The  etatnes  a 
on  N.,  Cranmer,  on  E.,  Bidley,  and  8., 
Latimer. 

6.  St.  Micluul,  in  the  (jom-market, 
is  remarkable  for  its  tower,  wbiob 
formed  part  of  the  city  fortifications, 
with  long  and  short  work,  supposed 
by  Bickman  to  be  of  Saxon  date, 
though  a  Perp,  battlement  has  been 
added,  c.  1500.  The  S.  aisle  is  Dec, 
but  a  chapel  N.  of  the  chancel,  and 
a  S.  porch  aj^  Perp.    The  oh.  was  re- 

ored  by  Street  in  1S55. 

7.  BU  Aldatdi,  fronting  Christ 
Church.  This  is  a  fine  Dec.  ch.,  bnilt 
1336  and  enlarged  IS62.  The  fine 
Dec  tower  remains,  but  the  lofty 
spire,  being  considered  in  danger,  was 
taken  dowu  1B6S,  and  has  since  been 
rebuilt  with  good  effect 

8.  St.  Thomas  tile  MaHyr,  near  the 
Castle,  occupies  the  site  of  a  temporary 
oh.,  built  1142.  The  present  ch.  is 
E.  E.,  with  a  good  Dec.  E.  window, 
the  tower  Perp.,  and  the  nave  partly 
Perp.  and  partly  Deo.,  with  a  S.  aisle 
'a  modem  Deo. 

III.  Other  Objbots  op  Ihtekest. 
The  remains  of  the  CaxOa,  thongb 
low  reduced  to  a  solitary  tower,  a  high 
mound,  and  a  few  fragments  of  wall, 
are  very  iuteresting  as  an  historical 
relic  A  crypt  known  hs  "  Jfatuf » 
Chap^,"  discovered  while  clearing  the 
fonudations  for  a  new  gaol,  is  a  most 
interesting  example  of  Early-Norm 


work.  It  was  found  neoesaary  to  re- 
move it,  but  tho  pilkre  have  been 
replaced  in  a  neighboimug  oellar,  in 
thesamerelatiTepoBitioD.  TheMoand, 
which  supported  the  Norm,  keep,  is 
a  Qcb  earlier ;  in  ita  centre  ia  a,  curious 
octagonal  vaulted  chunber  (temp. 
Henry  III.\  coutainiiig  a  well,  and 
approached  by  a  loug  flight  of  atepg. 
The  Oily  Walll,  which  dato  from  the 


They  ate  beat  seen  is.  New  < 
GftrdeuB. 
Tho  N.  aubnrha  of  Oiford  a 


ctiffe Infirmary,CoaadedmO,  Adjoin- 
ing ia  the  Obsenatory,  founded  1772. 
In  an  adjoining  street  is  the  Vniuertily 
Prese,  a  classic  building  by  Bobertson 
(1830).  Admiaaion  may  be  readily 
obtained  on  application  at  the  gate, 
and  the  buildings  are  well  worthy  in- 
spection. Ketuming  to  the  main  road, 
we  paaa  St.  Giles's  Ch.,  and  entet  St. 
GiWa-street,  which  conducts  uspast 
the  Martyrs*  Memorial  to  the  Ck>m- 
ttarket.  Lower  down  on  rt,,  ap- 
proached by  Frewen-passage,  is  the 
Oxford,  Uaion  Society,  founded  IS25. 
The  good  Library  of  reference  con- 
tains a  very  tine  collection  of  modem 
books.  The  debat«a  are  held  every 
Thursday  evening  at  8  o'clock. 
Strangers  can  be  introduced  by  mem- 

In  8t  Aldate's-streetia  the  Ibum  EaU, 
part  of  which  is  occupied  by  the  Foet 
Office ;  another  part  ia  used  as  a  &ee 
public  library,  and  Uie  Com  Exchange 
is  in  the  rear. 

ElCCBfflONB. 

(n)  Iffiey  Ckarck.    Cross  M^dali 
Bridge,  and  proceed  along  the  Henli 
road  for  1  m.    Turn  off  on  rt.,  and 
10  minutea  you  reach  the  village  of 
Iffley,  which,  placed  on  a  heigjit,  com- 
mands pleasant  viewB  of  Oxford  and 
the  river.     The  Ch.  U  one  of  the  best 
Bpeeimens  of  a  smail  Norm.  ch.  in 
England.     The  chaocel  is  an  E.-E. 
addition.    Close  by  is  the  old  Bectocy- 
bouse,  a  picttu^aqoe  building  contain- 


very    ci 

There  is  a  very  pleasant  walk  back 

Oxford,  crossing  the  liver  at  the  old 
water-mill  below  the  ch.,  and  retnni' 
ing  along  the  opposite  bank  aa  far  as 
the  barges,  where  there  is  a  ferry  to 
Christ  Church  meadows. 

{b)  Sand/ord  and  Nuneham  Court. 
Proceed  lo  Iffley  (Bxcuraion  a).  IJ  m. 
beyond  is  LiUtemore,  where  is  a  mo- 
dern ch.  built  under  the  auspices  of 
John  Henry  Newman,  who  officiated 
there  tor  some  time  after  he  had  coma 
to  preach  at  St  Mary's,  Oxford. 

"  m.  from  Oxford  is  Sandford,  the 
of  which  was  founded  soon  aiifX 
the  Conquest ;  of  this,  however,  little 
but  U»e  wails  remain. 

2  m.  S.  of  Sandford  is  the  pretty 
village  of  Nvn^am.  The  Sartxmrt 
Arrat  is  an  excellent  coontry  inn. 
Vuneftam  Coartney  (a  seat  of  the  Har- 
courts)  is  well  situated  on  a  wooded 
height  above  the  river.  The  Farh  of 
1200  acres  abounds  in  fine  treee. 
Within  it,  on  an  eminence,  is  the 
Conduit  of  Otho  Nicholson,  which 
formerly  stood  oppoaite  Carbz  Ch., 
at  Oxford,  and  formed  one  of  the 
chief  ornaments  of  that  city,  where  it 
was  erected  1610.  It  was  removed  heis 
ITST.  The  beautiful  gardens  are  ge- 
nerally to  be  seen  on  Fridays  on  appli- 
cation to  the  gardener.  The  hoose  is 
not  shown,  except  Eks  a  special  favour. 
It  contains  a  oollection  of  painting 
The  Faik  is  a  fiivourile  spot  (ca  picnio 
parties  from  Oxford  by  water  (the  dis- 
tance about  7  m.),  and  a  portion  of 
the  grounds  at  the  waterside  is  lihe- 
lally  thrown  open  to  visitoie.  "Die 
return  con  be  made,  if  desired,  Stem 
the  Culbam  Stat.,  1  m.  W.  of  thft 
Park. 

<fi)  Doreh^ikr.  Proceed,  either  by 
road  thro^h  IfDey  and  Nuneham 
Courtney  (Excursions  o,  h),  or  by  rail 
to  Culhara  Stat,,  whence  Dorcheetei, 
cow  a  mere  vilhtge,  but  onco  a  bishop's 
seet,  is  distant  3  m.  E. 

On  the  way  we  paas  Clifton  Eamo- 
d^n,  with  a  small  chorch,  most  pio- 
turcsqnely  placed  on  rising  ground,  anl 
restored  in  the  most  perfect  maimra. 


An  episcoDEil  Bee  was  eatablished  at 
DoTcbeatei'  by  Biiinns  in  634.  The 
Church,  ded.  to  SS.  Peter  and  FaiO,  is 
a  large,  lofty,  and  spaoioiis  atractare, 
of  great  length  in  proportion  to  its 
breadth.  It  is  of  Tarioua  dates,  but 
chiefly  built  between  1280  and  1300. 
The  most  remarkable  feature  is  the 
Chancel,  with  ita  3  fine  windons. 

(d)  Shotov&r  and  Cuddetdea.  Crosa- 
ine  Magdalen  Bridge,  you  enter  the 
subnrb  ot  Bt.  Clenunt.  Halfway  up 
the  bill  yon  torn  off  on  rt.  and  aacond 
gradually  to  ShoUmer  SiU  (561  ft. 
high),  whence  there  is  a  fine  view  of 
Oxford.  Bhotover  is  exceedingly  inte- 
resting to  the  geologist  and  botaniet. 

1}  m.  S.E.  we  reach  Owddetden, 
which  contains  the  Palace  of  the  Biahop 
of  Oxford.  The  Ch.  (12th  cent.), 
which  has  been  well  reatored,  is  a  fine 
cruoifonn  edifice,  with  a  massive  tower 
in  tbe  centre. 


Opposite  the  palac 
Heat  Training  Collegi 


is  the 


ining  ColUye,  founded  by  Bp, 
Wilberforce,  of  Oxford,  18S3.  It  is  in- 
tended to  prepare  for  ordination  tlieo- 
logical  students,  momben<  of  the  uni- 
veraitiea,  who  have  passed  their  final 
euunination,  and  students  of  King's 
College,  or  gradnatea  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin,  holding  the  Divinity 
TestimoniaL  The  coUoge,  built  fl:om 
designs  of  Street,  contains  rooms  for  21 
stodenta,  a  dining-ball,  common  room, 
chapel,  and  rooms  for  a  vice-principal. 

A  chapel  has  been  erected  to  the  me- 
mory of  Samuel  Wilberforce  (Bishop). 

The  return  to  Oxford  may  be  made 
by  Wheotieg,  a  staUon  on  Oxfotd  and 
Thamo  line. 

(e)  Meadiruitim,  Stanton  St.  Jdhn'i, 
BeckUy,  and  Elijteld. 

Passing  through  Bt.  Clement's,  the 
road  aaconds  Headington  Hill. 

The  Ch.  at  Headington  has  a  fine 
Norm,  chancel  arch,  and  a  tower  ori- 
ginally E.  E.  In  the  ch.-yd.  is  a  fine 
Cross,  raised  on  three  steps. 

2  m.  further,  on  the  U  is  Slanton  81. 
Jahn't.  Here  ia  afinech.temp.  Edw.I. 
Tbe  chancel  ia  of  great  beauty. 

The  road  to  Beekley  {2  m.  N.) 
skirts  Stow  Wood,  on  the  borders  of 
which  is  a  amall  country  Inn  (Royal 
Oak — clean ;  civil  people). 


OBD.  531 

The  village  is  situated  on  an  emin- 
ence overhanging  the  B.  side  of  Ot- 
moor.  The  Ch.,  Dec.  and  Ferp.,  lias 
some  painted  glass  ;  the  tower  still  re- 
taioa  the  sanotus  bell.  The  walls  are 
covered  with  the  remains  of  very 
curious  fresco  paintings. 

In  returning  to  Oxford  throusih 
Mtjield.  notice  the  fine  view  from  the 
hill.  The  little  Gh.  is  a  good  apeoi- 
men  of  E.  E.,  with  Deo.  E.  window ; 
the  old  honr-glass  remains  here  also. 

{ /)  ForeO-hOi,  Hotton,  Waterperrg, 
and  Walerilock. 

At  the  Uiird  a.  from  St  Clement's, 
a  bye-road  turns  off  on  1,  to  Foreet-MU. 
The  amaU  Trans.-Norm,  Ch.  is  placed 
on  the  very  brow  of  the  hill,  aud  its 
eurions  W.  bell-gable  is  visible  from  a 
considerable  distance.  In  this  ch. 
Milton  was  married  to  his  first  wife 
Hary,  danghter  of  Biohard  Powell  of 

li  m.  e.  is  Holion,  with  a  small  Ch., 
Tran8.-Norm.  and  Dec.,  with  Perp. 
square  tower,  and  a  Banctos-bell  tur- 
ret at  the  E.  end  of  the  nave. 

I  m.  8.E.  is  Waterperrii  (Rt.  Hon. 
J.  W.  Henley).  In  the  park  is  the 
ivy-oovered  CA.,  mainly  E.  E.  and 
Deo.    There  is  a  Deo-  Crou  in  the 

1  m.  R  is  Wateritock;  modem  Gh., 
built  1702,  but  with  an  early  Perp. 
tower,  from  the  battlement  of  which 
risoa  a  bell-cot  of  singular  shape.  The 
return  to  Oxford  can  be  made  from  the 
Wheatley  or  Tiddington  station  on  the 
Thame  line. 

(g)  Siniey  and  Qodttote.  {  m.  be- 
yond the  railway  station,  on  the  Chel- 
tenham road,  torn  to  the  rt.  and  a  walk 
of  1  m.  throi^h  a  bye-lane  leads  to  the 
little  Ch.  of  Bimey,  mainly  Trans.- 
Norm.,  with  bell-gable  and  good  low 
side  window. 

1  m.  N.W.,  on  the  bank  of  the  river, 
which  has  a  lock  here,  are  the  ruins  of 
Godetoio  Ifannery,  founded  in  1138. 
The  remains  are  now  but  slight  bebg 
part  of  tho  boundary  wall  and  some 
portion  of  a  ISth-oent.  bnildlng  with 
Perp.  window  of  three  lights.  Here 
Fair  Rosamond  was  edocated ;  here 
there  is  every  reason  ia  beUeve,  in 
,  apite  of  the  at^ny  of  the  labyrinth,  she 


pasied  the  latter  j^n  of  her  life,  end 
nere  she  mu  buried  b;  her  psreDts 
beneath  the  high  altar. 

Opposite  the  mins  is  a  neat  fflnall 
Inn,  the  Troat.  irell  known  to  boating- 
men,  j  m.  W.  is  WyOiam,  an  exceed- 
ing]; prett7  villa^  with  the  Abbey 
(the  Beat  of  the  Earl  of  Abingdon). 
GodstoiT  can  be  resohed  direct  from 
Oxford,  by  crossing  the  Fart  Meadoa. 

At  Medley  IjOCB,  its  W.  extremity, 
18  Boesom'i  ferry,  where  boats  may  be 
hired  for  Oodatow,  or  the  ruins  may 
be  reached  by  a  pleasant  walk  along 
the  towing-path  on  the  bank  of  the 
river.  The  return  lience  to  Oxford 
may  be  varied  by  ascending  the  bill 
and  joining  the  Woodstock  road  at 
Wolvereot,  formerly  Wolveseote. 

(h)  The  Hinkaryt,  two  Berkshire 
Till^j^ea,  the  m<D«l  distant  being  2  m. 
8.W.  of  Oxford.  NoHh  EinkKy  (often 
called  Feny  Hinkiey,  the  ferry  being 
the  shortest  way,  though  it  can  also 
be  reached  by  the  Seven  Bridges-road) 
bas  a  small  plain  Ch.  with  E.-E.  tower, 
a  good  Norm,  dooi'wa;,  and  low  aide 
window. 

1  m.  further  8.,  across  some  fields, 
is  South  Biakuv.  The  Perp.  Ch.  has 
A  good  open  tinaber  roof.  Just  before 
roacbiog  the  vill^e  is  the  entrance 
of  the  so-called  Happy  VaUey  (known 
as  such  to  TJniversity  men  only),  a 
pretty  walk  entering  on  the  bill  near 
tjminingwelL 

(t)  Slandlake.  This  oeighbourhood 
fumishea  a  very  good  field  for  those 
interested  in  British  remains.  It  is 
reached  by  orossing  the  Bablock-hythe 
ferry,  1  m.  W.  of  Oxford,  and  then 
passing  westward  by  the  village  of 
AortAmoor,  where  the   Cft,  is  worth 

1  m.  N.  is  Qarnit  Borne,  a  moat«d, 
IGth-cent.  building,  now  a  Gum- 
hoiue.  2  m.  W.  is  Slandlaie,  with  a 
cmdform  Ch.,  with  octagomil  tower 
and  spire. 

About  4  m.  N.  of  the  ch.  is  a  Brilith 
Village,  discovered  in  1857,  by  Messrs. 
Akerman  and  Btone,  and  described  in 
*  Archteologia,'  vol,  xxiiil.  A  series 
of  13  "fairy  rings"  being  then  ex- 
plored, it  was  found  that  they  oon- 
dsted  of  trenches,  usually  about  12  ft 


wide  at  top,  sloping  till  their  sides 
met  at  4  or  5  ft.  below  the  Burlaae^ 
and  from  60  ft.  to  130  ft.  in  diameter. 
In  some  were  found  fragments  of  rnde, 
anbaked  pottery  and  bones  ot  animals ; 
in  others,  human  bones,  calcined,  and 
in  nms.  Some  of  the  relica  are  pre- 
served in  the  Ashmolean  Huseum, 
where  also  a  )dao  of  the  Tillnge  muj 


by  the  Seven  Bridges-n  , , 
pass  a  comer  of  Berks,  passing  Bodey 
and  Oucnnor,  and  at  1  m.  reaah!BaUoeit 
hytht,  where  the  ferry  leads  into  Ox- 
fordshire again.  Hence  it  is  2  m.  to 
Stanton  Harcuurt,  which  has  been  in 
the  Haroourt  family  GOO  years.  The 
manor-house,  built  in  the  re^  of 
Edw.  IV.,  remained  nearly  entire 
antll  the  eadofthe  last  century;  some 
few  upper  rooms  are  now  occupied  by 
a  farmer.  The  gatehouse  remains 
perfect,  but  of  later  date  than  the  rest 
Cciro.  15*0). 

The  Kitchen,  a  square  tower,  has 
walls  3  ft.  thick. 

Ffipe't  Tomer,  which  stands  in  the 
garden,  rises  to  tbi>  height  of  57  fL  ; 
it  contains  the  Chapel.itiid  three  cham- 
bers above,  each  13  ft.  square.  Tbe 
npper  chamber  is  called  Pope's  Study, 
Here  he  spent  two  summers. 

The  Church,  dedicated  to  St.  Mtehad, 
is  cruciform,  and  baa  fine  carved  oak 
rood-screen,  E.E..  ptobably  the  earliest 
now  existing  in  England.  In  this  ch. 
is  the  family  vault  of  the  Haiconrts. 

At  a  short  distance  fiam  the  village 
are  three  large  stones,  known  as  the 
Devirt  Qumli.  TheE.-E.  and  I>eo.ch. 
of  Northmoor  may  be  taken  on  the 
nay  back  to  Bablock-hythe  ferry.  Or, 
if  preferred,  the  return  may  be  made 
by  rail  &om  either  the  South  Leigh 
-  Eynsham  Stat. 

(fc)  Iilip,  Oddtnplon,  and  Charlton- 
on-Ofmoor.  This  la  a  very  intereating 
excursion  of  about  9  m.,  keeping  near 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Cherwell  i  the  re- 
turn can  be  made  from  Islip  by  raU. 
There  is  a  far  more  Interesting  walk 
to  Islip — by  toad,  about  1  m.  on  Bi- 
cester-road ;  across  the  fields  to  Water 
Eaton,  thence  by  the  bank  of  the 
(Jberwell  to  Islip. 


Tnrning  I.  bom  St.  Clement^a.  we 
reach  at  2  m.  Mar$tott.  The  Ch.  U 
TranB-Norm.  and  Perp. 

At  4  m.  is  Wuod  Eaion,  ft  vei?  plea- 
Bant  village.  Tl)e  Ch.  is  mainly  E.  E. 
with  Perp.  E.  window  and  tower. 

1  m.  out  of  the  diriot  luad,  and  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  river,  but  wall 
worth  the  d^toui,  is  tlie  little  ch^>el 
of  Water  Eaton,  a  good  example  of  the 
revived  Gothic  of  the  timeof  Jomei  L 

The  Manor  Hoate,  to  which  it  be- 
longed (now  a  farmhouae),  ia  an  ex- 
ceedingly piotiueeqtie  and  perfect  ape- 
oimen  of  the  Elizabethan  style. 

The  ChuTch  (restored  1861)  eeemg 
to  have  been  rehnilt  in  great  put  in 
the  14th  cent.,  bat  portions  are  two 
oentories  earlier. 

1  m.  E.  ia  Oddington,  a  Bmall  Deo. 
Ch.  with  a  somewhat  remarkable  bran 
to  a  former  rector,  Ralph  Hamsterley. 

1  m.  N.E.  is  Charllim-on-Olmoor, 
where  the  E.-E  and  Dea  Cb.  contains 
a  very  beautiful  rood-iereea  of  richly 
carved  oak,  which  retains  the  originij 
painting  and  gilding — date  c.  ISM. 

(I)  Wooditoek  and  BUnluim.  This 
escnrsion  may  be  made  by  proceeding 
to  either  the  Woodstook-rcad.  or  the 
Handbomugh  Stats.,  but  neither  is 
very  convenient ;  aud  the  more  usnal 
route  is  by  the  high  road. 

Leaving  Oxford  by  SI.  Giles's-street, 
Wolvereot  ie  passed  on  W.,  and  at  5  m. 
wo  reach  Segbrooke.  2  m.  beyond 
Beglnooke,  the  pork  wall  of  Blenheim 
flanks  the  road  on  the  W.  At  length 
the  Hensington  gateway  is  paaeBd, 
through  which  there  ie  a  good  view  of 
the  palace,  and  at  8  m.  we  enter  Wood- 
ttoekilnn:  BeBr,only  tolerable), where 
there  is  a  considerable  manufaGtnre  of 
leathern  gloves.  Woodstock  was  an 
early  residence  of  the  kings  of  Eug- 
land.  Hen.  I.  boilt  a  palace,  adding 
to  it  a  vast  park.  Hen.  U.,  however, 
rendered  the  place  more  fiuuona  by  the 
bower  he  is  said  to  have  made  for  his 
Fair  Boaamond. 

Of  the  ''anoieat  and  renowned 
(roy^)  mansion,  not  a  stone  ia  now  to 
be  seen,  bnt  the  site  is  still  marked 
in  the  turf  of  Blenheim  Park  by 
two  sycamores,  which  grow  near  ttie 
stately  bridge." 


The  poet  Chancer  resided  at  Wood- 
stock, and  is  supposed  lo  have  taken 
mui'h  of  the  scenery  of  '  The  Dream ' 
from  the  neighbouring  park. 

A  short  distance  l>eyond  the  dl.  we 
reach  the  publiu  entrance  to  Bla^tu 
Park  (Duke  of  Marlborough).  The 
house  is  shown  every  day,  except 
Saturday  aud  Sonday.  from  11  to  1, 
and  the  gardens  &om  It  to  2 ;  either 
can  be  seen  separately  by  tickets.  Is. 
each,  obtained  at  the  porter's  lodge  at 
the  palace.  The  proceeds  are  regu- 
larly paid  over  to  variona  charitable 
institatioos. 

The  entrance  lo  the  park  is  by  the 
Triumphal  Arch,  erected  by  Baiah, 
Duchess  of  HarlboroDgh.  Underneath 
is  the  porter's  lodge.  The  pari  is 
open  to  pedestrians.  Strangers  are 
not  sJlowed  to  drive  throngh  it  except 
attended  by  a  guide.  The  keeper  at 
the  lodge  wiU  atteod  them  on  his 
pony— tee  2i.  Gd. 

Passing  through  the  gate,  a  broad 
road  conducts  to  the  Hall,  an  elm 
avenue  which  leads  ftom  the  Kensing- 
ton gate  (ante)  to  the  E.  front  of  the 
palace.  (>u  rt.  of  the  road  is  the  Lake 
of  2Gd  aerea  ( caused  by  damming  back 
the  river  Glymo),  crossed  by  a  noble 
bridge  of  three  arches,  leadmg  to  the 
Marlborough  Column,  131  tl  high, 
erected  as  a  monument  to  the  great 
Duke,  surmounted  by  his  coIOBBal 
statue.  Inscribed  on  the  pedestal  is  an 
ocoount  of  his  victarieg.  On  I.  the 
Home  Lodge,  with  the  tower  of  the  ch. 
rising  among  the  trees. 

The  Park,  containing  2700  acres, 
and  abont  12  m,  in  circuit,  is  remark- 


and   is    stocked   with   deer.      There 
are  also  a  number  of  kangaroos  in  the 

The  royal  manor  of  Woodstock  was 
settled  upon  John  Churchill,  Duke  of 
Harlborough,  and  bis  heirs,  in  con- 
sideration of  his  victory  over  the  allied 
army  of  French  and  BaTarians,  and  a 
sum  of  mon^  was  voted  by  Parliament 
to  build  him  a  palace  "  as  a  monn- 
mcntof  his  glorious  actinns."  The 
house  received  the  name  of  Blenheim, 
from  the  little  village  on  the  Danube 


whiah  was  the  scene  of  his  gieateat 
Tictory,  Au^ii£t  2,  1701.  The  build- 
ing ix  ooneideTed  the  masterpiece  oi 
Tanbnigb,  yet  ie  heavy  in  its  general 
effecta. 

The  entrance  to  the  GardeTa  ie  close 
to  the  E.  wing  of  the  house  ;  on  ring- 
ing a  bell  the  gardener  will  appoar. 
The  pleasure  grounda  have  aa  extent 
of  300  acres,  and  are  lovely  and  very 
varied,  extending  along  the  borders  of 
the  lake.  The  walks  lead  to  the 
Temple  of  Eealik,  erftcted  on  the  re- 
covery of  Geo.  in.  from  bia  illness, 
1789,  and  thence  to  the  aviary.  In 
the  American  Garden  is  the  Cateade, 
adniir&bly  constructed  of  large  masses 
of  rock.  Beyond  this  is  tbe  FounCain, 
copied  from  that  in  tbo  Fiazza  Navona, 
at  Borne,  adorned  wiQi  statues  of  river 
gods,  by  Bernini,  presented  to  the 
great  duJio  by  tbe  Spanish  ambassador. 
In  the  Private  Garden  is  the  lonio 
temple  of  Diana,  designed  by  Sir  Wm. 
Chambers. 

The  most  remarkable  apartments  are 
the  Hall,  eitendiog  the  whole  height  of 
the  building,  vhose  ceiling  is  painted 
with  an  allegorical  composition,  by 
Tbrvnhai,  on  tbe  battle  of  Blenheim  ; 
tho  great  Dining-room !  the  Saloon, 
whose  ceiling  and  walla  are  a  master- 
piece of  Lagaerre ;  the  Stats  Drawing- 
room,  hung  with  tapestry,  representing 
the  battle  of  tbe  Istduke;  the  Library, 
183  ft.  long.  The  Chapel  contains  a 
pompous  murble  monument,  by  Rye- 
brack,  beneath  which  rest  the  great 
duko  and  bis  proud  ducbesa,  Sarah, 
with  their  2  sons,  who  died  young. 

The  great  attraction  of  Blenheim  is 
its  Collection  of  Fainliage,  which,  both 
in  extent  and  selectness,  is  one  of  tbe 
flneat  in  Britain.  The  gem  of  the 
collection  is  BaffaeOe'i  Masokha 
ITAnsiDEi,  designed  as  an  altar-piece. 
The  pictures  by  Autena  are  a  unique 
collection  in  themselves.  Hia  porlcait 
of  himself  and  his  seixind  wife  is  a 
mHSterpiece — presented  to  the  duke  by 
the  ci^f  of  Brusaela.  There  are  ex- 
cellent portraits  by  Vandyck  (that  of 
Lord  Strafford  is  especially  interest- 
ing), and  unrivalled  eiamjdes  of 
Claude,  Cuyp.  Garregio,  Holbein,  Ktid- 
ier,  Beiabramlt,  Sir  J.  Hei/noldt,  &e. 


Tho  preceding   <  . . .    .  _ 

within  the  compass  of  a  day's  drive,  if 
not  walk  (ht  the  good  pedestrian) ; 
but  it  may  be  as  weU  to  indicate  a  kw 
others  of  greater  extent  Worcester, 
Gloucester,  Malvero,  Hereford,  a 
glance  at  the  Forest  of  Dean,  or  the 
scenery  of  the  Wye,  will  each  demand 
a  long  day,  but  half  that  time  will 
suffice  for  tbe  following ;  by  proceed- 
ing to  the  following  stations — 

Banbury  Stat  Hwiwell  Casile,  Wrox- 
ton  Abbey,  aTid  Broughton  Castle ;  or 
Edgehill,  or  Compion  Wynyatea. 

Charlbury  Stat.  Tbe  scenery  of 
Wychwnod  Forest,  and  Dytcbley. 

Chipping  Norton  Stat.  Tbe  BoU 
right  stones. 

Evpttham  Stat.  The  Abbey  and  tb« 
baHle-fleld. 

Faringdon  Stat.  Cbildrey,  Spara- 
holt,  Ufhngbm,  the  White  Horsa,  and 
Wayland  Smith's  cave;  returning 
from  Bhrivenliam  Stat. 

Goring  Stat.  Aldworth,  and  the 
Berkshire  Downs. 

S(ray()r<I-on-.diion  Stat  The  Ch., 
Shakespeare's  House,  Anne  Hatha- 
wa^a  Ootlsge  at  Shottery,  Charlcot« 
Hotase  and  Ginrah. 

Warwieic  or  KenUvKTrOt  Stat.  War- 
wick Caatle,  Guy's  Cliff  (2  m.),  Kenil- 
woitb  Castle. 

Witney  Stat.     Minster   Lovell,  or 


OTHTBaMOriH,  _  

PADDLEawoRTH,  Bee  iwftasfoss. 

Padlbain  (Lancah.),  Stat,  L. 
&  Y.  Rly.  3  ffl.  from  Bundey  by  road. 
Omnibus  twice  a  day.  Inn :  Starkie's 
Arms.  Is  a  dirt;  manufactaiing  town 
on  tbe  banks  of  the  Colder,  and 
save  a  bandsome  modem  Ch.,  possesses 
but  little  interest  Gawlhorp  Hall 
(Sir  U.  Kay-Shuttlewortb,  Bart.)  is  a 
fine  old  mansion  (1005),  restored  by 
Barry,  with  CnTViog  and  ploster-woric, 
and  a  gallery  of  portraits  of  the 
Shuttleworth  feroily,  many  of  whom 
were  celebrated  in  the  oivil  wars.  A 
written  order  required.  On  IgktenhiU, 
overlooking  tbe  pork,  John  of  Gaunt 
is  said  to  have  had  a  "residence."  I  m. 
on  Wballey-road  is  Huntroyde  (L.  N. 
Starkie,  Esq.),  by  Inigo  Jonet,  in  a 
park  renmrkable  for  its  oaks. 


FATBICBOFT. 


Fadstow,  see  Waddnidge. 
Faqhah  Habboub,  eee  Chieheelw. 

FaiGhtot,  see  Torquay. 
Painswiok,  see  Stroad, 
Pakefiels,  see  Loaettoft. 
Famoboubne,  see  Thames. 
FANSBAMQEa.  Bee  Hertford. 
Pantasaph,  see  flbiyweZ!. 
PAitBAU  (Suffolk),  see  ^ramiinflkini. 
Pabrau  (Soaaex),  see  Amberleg. 
Fakbstohe,  see  Fo(^. 
Fakwyd,  see  Aberdaron. 
Patchah,  see  JJrfjfcton. 
Patcthway,  see  JBrislnl. 
Patelit  Bbidoe,  see  fiorrofrate. 
Patrlcroft  (Lancashire),  StAt. 
L.  ft  N.  W.   my.,  S  m.  from  ATan- 
cAester,  is  a  bus;  village,  dependent 
on  cotton  mills,  and  the  MTidgtualer 
Foundry  of  TS.eaais.'SaLamjtb.   VUiton 
allowed  by  introduotion.    At  Barton, 
f  tn.  S.,  the  Bridgwatei*  Camd  is  ear- 
ned aorosB  the  Irwell,  the  tlrst  Canal 
Bridae  ever  boUt.    To  the  W,  eitend 
the  dreary  plains  of  Chalmote,  aotoea 
which  is  carried  the  LiTerpool  Bly^ 
one  of  Stephenson's  greatest  achieve- 
ments.   It  is  being  grvdnaUf  taken 
into  cultivation. 
Patbiuoton,  Bee  SuU. 
PATBiXBODBira,  geo  Canterbury. 
Patshitll,  see  Albrighb/a. 
Patterdale  (Westmor.),  sita- 
ated    at  S.   end  of    UUeviaier  Lake. 
Jnns .-   Ullewater  K ;  Pattfirdale  H. ; 
White  Lion, 

VUtaater,  tbe  Kraudest  of  the  Eng- 
lish Lakes,  has  been  called  a  minia- 
tnre  Lnceroe.  It  can  be  vieited  from 
W^ermere  and  Atiibletide  (see); 
&iim  Ketaiek  (see  p.  210).  or  &OTa 
Fenrith.  It  is  9  m.  long,  f  m.  greatest 
breadth,  and  consists  of  thiee  leaobes. 
The  distance  between  the  two  ei- 
tramilies  of  the  lake,  Pooley  Bridge 
on  the  N.  and  Patterdale  ob  the  B., 
is  6  m.  by  eteamer,  10  m.  by  road. 
'  r  plies  several  times  daily, 


(Hotel),  a  village  on  S.E.  side,  4  

fnim  Pooley  Bridge.  Proceeding  by 
Bteunet  from  Pooley  Bridge,  which 
ooninandB  the  best  view  of  the  lake, 
is  poised  on  rt,  Srackenrigg  Bold, 
2  n.,  Waterfoot  (Cnpt.  galman).  nnd 


Little  Mdl  Fell;  while  directiy  ia 
&ont  ia  Uartindale  House.  Further 
on  is  Halsteads  (W.  Marshall,  Esq-X 
and  nearly  opp.  How  Town.  Further 
on  to  rt.  are  seen  Gowbarrow  Park 
and  Lynlph's  Tower  (pos(),  and  on 
doubling  last  promontory  on  1.,  Pat- 
terdale and  the  grounds  of  Patterdale 
Hall  appear.  The  Ullawater  Hotel 
is  dose  to  the  lake  and  the  landing 
place  Cor  the  steamer,  but  conveyances 
are  alwavs  in  waiting  to  lake  passen- 
gers to  die  PatterdJe  Hotel,  and  vll- 
loge,  1  m.  The  mountain  directly  be- 
hind Ullswater  Hotel  is  St.  Sunday 
Crag,  and  the  conical  hill  directly  over 
Patterdale  is  Hartsop  Fell.  It  is  a 
delightfal  excursion  round  tho  lake, 
20  m.  There  is  a  good  carriage-road 
tho  whole  way  on  the  W.side,  and  be- 
tween Pooley  Bridge  and  How  Town 
on  the  E.  side,  bnt  only  a  bridle-path 
between  How  Town  and  Patterdale, 
At  Patterdale,  hire  b<»t  for  Lyulph's 
Tower  and  Aira  Force  (see  Kemiek, 
Eionrs.  It),  or  row  across  the  lake  to 
Blowick  Bay  and  then  take  the  foot- 
path on  the  aide  of  Place  Fell.  The 
views  fiom  the  path  are  magnificent. 
The  walk,  or  drive,  round  tbe  lake 
may  be  relieved  bv  catching  the 
steamer  at  either  end  of  it.  or  at  How 
Town.  Starting  &om  Patterdale  is 
passed  on  E.  side  of  lake,  Sandwick, 
4i  m. ;  How  Town  (Slag  Hotel),  6  m. ; 
Pooley  Bridge,  10  m.;  on  W.  side, 
Brackonrigg  Hotel,  12  m. ;  Lynlph's 
Tower,  and  Aha  Force,  16i  m, ;  and. 
3i  m.  further,  Patterdale. 

The  touri^  halting  for  any  time  at 
Pattt^rdale  should  also  visit  tbe  Glm- 
coin  Glen,  N.W.—follow  the  Eeawiok 
road  for  1}  m.  beyond  Ullswater  Hotel 
— a  pleasant  eicnrsion,  6  ni.  there  and 
back.  ■  Deepdale  Glen,  S.E.,  lying 
under  the  precipices  of  Fairfield.  The 
Deepdale  Beck  liridge  must  be  crossed 
on  rt.  ofKirkatone-road.  DoveddUGUn 
and  Bsoent  of  Dove  Crag  (2500  ft.), 
reached  by  a  catt-rood  which  runs  to 
HartBop  Hall,  on  W.  side  of  Brothers 
Water.  A  oartiags  may  be  taken  as 
for  OS  the  Hall.  Aeeatt  of  Fairfield 
(if  not  made  &oni  Ambleside  or  Gras- 
mere,  see  Grawta-e,  Eicurs.  p),  and 
Si.  Sunday  Crari,  distance  9  m.,  time 


PEXSBOKE—PENBtTB. 


4  bn.     SdvOlyn  (311S  R.),  if  not 

ascended  from  Grasmere  or  Wythbam 
(aee  Gratmere,  Eicura.  h),  or  Kes- 
wick; (a)  by  the  Glenriddiiig  route; 
or  by  Grigedttle  and  return  bj  Glen- 
ridding,  12  m.;  (6)  by  Bwirral  Kdge, 
or  (11)  6tridiiiK  EA^,  The  dutnuo 
by  two  lant  named  u  1  m.  to  summit, 
and  pouiee  cannot  go  brthei  than  Bad 
Tarn.  Ponies  and  guides  can  be  [m> 
oarad  from  either  of  the  hotels.  The 
ronta  along  Slriding  Edge,  though  not 
prewnting  anj  i«al  dilticultj,  riioald 
not  be  attempted  bj  persons  of  weak 
nerves  or  anstendy  beads.  A  coaoli 
runs  daily,  daring  the  season,  betireen 
Fatterdafe  (UlUwater  Hotel)  and 
AmbUtide,  10  m.,  vU  Low  Harttop,  2 
m.,  a  small  tiamlet  <m  I.,  from  whicb 
there  is  a  nouutiuu  path  ioto  Martin- 
dale  :  BnOiart  Water,  B  small  lake  1  m. 
further  on,  posaeesing  considerable 
beanty  and  full  of  trout.  Prom  the 
head  of  this  take,  the  ascent  of  Kirk- 
ibme  Pom,  leading  to  Ambleside,  com- 
mences. A  more  desolate  track  can 
be  scarcely  conceiTed.  The  inn  (The 
Travellers'  Best)  at  the  top  of  the 
pass  is  1168  ft.  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  and  is  said  to  b>'  the  highest  inha- 
bited houae  in  England.  Fion  the 
inn  to  Ambleside,  4  m.',  the  descent 
is  almost  continuous.  The  road  to  1. 
just  beyond  the  inn  leads  to  ttie 
Troatbeck  Valley,  Low  Wood,  Win- 
dermere, and  BownesB.  "  There  is  not 
snob  another  splendid  prospect  in  all 
England  as  the  view  of  Windermere 
&om  the  road  leading  from  Trout- 
beck  to  Low  Wood."— (Prof.  Wilson.) 
OtNiohes  or  waggonettes  also  run  daily 
between  Patterdala  and  Trontbeok 
Stat.,  and  Pattordale  and  Penrith. 

Pattinoham,  see  A&righton. 

pEDKOBE,  see  Stoarhrid/ije. 

Pkmbsby,  see  LlantOif. 

Pembroke  (Pembrokeshire), 
Stet.  Pembroke  &  Tenby  Hly,  Ij  hr. 
from  Whitland  Juno.,  8.  Wales  Rly. 
inn.-  Golden  Lion.  The  tenninas 
is  at  Pembroke  Dock,  2  m.  N.W.  of 
the  tonn,  immediately  opposite  to  A'eu 
Mit/ord  (see  Mil/ord).  A  steam-ferry 
crosses  Milford  Ha/Ben,  and  connects 
the  two.  The  old  town  of  Pembroke 
baa  2  objects  only  of  special  interest 


to  the  tourist,  viz.,  t^  rained  CatlU, 
and,  near  it,  the  remains  of  the  Priory 
Church  of  itfoniton,  an  snoient  Norm, 
edifice.  The  castle,  commenopd  1092, 
is  chiefly  memorable  as  the  birtl. place 
of  Hen.  VII.  (H5tl),  and  as  the  plaoe 
where  Cri>mwell,  who  conducted  the 
si^e  partly  in  person,  sufi^red  re- 
pulse, 21  Hay,  16*8.  The  fortreai 
was  gained  fbr  the  Parliament  after  a 
siege  of  6  weeks.  The  keep  is  a  cii> 
cular  tower  75  R.  high  and  163  ft.  in 
circumference.  The  Extmrtioat  to 
Slaek  Boekt,  9  m.,  and  St.  Goiean'i 
Head  and  Quipet,  13  m.,  can  be  made 
Tiom  bete  (see  Tenbg).  The  Doekyari 
fs  shown  on  application,  except  at  the 
dinner  hour,  between  12  and  2.  It 
occupies  an  area  of  80  acres;  and  ia 
essentially  a  sliipbuilding  yard.  It  is 
defended  oy  a  fort,  and  by  2  martello 
towers.  The  Nasmyth  steam-hammer 
aud  saw  mill  are  particularly  interest- 
ing. It  ia  a  magnificent  eiDiusi(»i 
along  the  coast  to  Tenby  (see),  whidi 
may  also  be  reached  in  j  hj.  by  train. 

Fbkallt,  see  Tenby. 

PiXABTH,  see  Cardiff. 

Pendeen,  see  Fenzatma. 

Pendle  Hoj,  see  Cliilteroa. 

Ftotdbaqov  Castlb.  see  AvpMtfi. 

Fbnhaohno,  see  BeUui$-y-Coed. 

PEtniAEHHAWB,  See  Cmmay. 

Penmor  Pbiobt,  see  BeavmarU. 

Pbnnal.,  see  Aberdovey. 

Peknaht  Ublamoell,  see  Bala  and 
Uan/yain. 

Pemrhto,  see  Bangor  and  Gopel 
Ourig. 

Penrltli  (Cumberland).  Stat.- 
L.  &  N.  W.  Ely..  IS  m.  from  C^Iiala; 
also  June,  for  Keswick,  Cockermoath. 
and  Whitehaven  Rly.,  and  Eden  Val- 
ley line.  Jnns;  Crown;  Qeot^; 
Agricultural.  The  town  is  built  of 
red  sandstone,  and  liesnnder  a  wooded 
hill,  called  the  .Beoeon  (937  ft}— less 
than  1  br.'s  walk — the  view  &tm 
which  is  very  extensive.  The  re- 
mains of  the  Caatiti  (temp.  Edw.  IV.) 
are  close  to  the  station,  bi  the  ch.-ydL 
the  "Giant's  Grave"  shoidd  be  no- 
ticed. The  large  ancient  crosses  have 
long   excited   uie  curiosity  of  anti- 

rries.    They  are  supposed  to  mark 
burial-place  of  Owen  CKcariue,  a 


mttn   of  colossal   stature,   who  ruled 
Cumberland  in  Saxoa  times. 

ExcuTni)nt.—(a.)  To  Pooley  Bridge, 
6  at,,  by  the  interesting  ruioa  of 
Brougham  Castle,  1)  m..  Brougham 
Hall,  2t  m.,  Artbura  Bound  Table, 
^  m.,  Mafborougb,  2f  m.  Brougkam 
Guile  was  one  of  the  BtTonKest  and 
most  ImportiiDt  of  the  boraer  for- 
tresaee,  and  no  place  can  exhibit  more 
impreasiTe  remains  of  tbat  gloomy 
streogth  for  which  these  castles  were 
remarkable.  The  first  hiatoric&l  no- 
tice of  it  is  in  the  reign  of  William 
the  Conqueror.  It  paaaed  Irora  the 
Clifford  family  to  the  Earl  of  Thauel, 
by  the  moniage  of  a  daughter  of  the 
celebrated  Countess  of  Fembrohe.  who 
repairod  it  in  1G52,  and  the  greater 
part  of  it  was  demolished  in  1728. 
Sroughaia  BaU  (Lord  Broagham), 
an  ancient  castellated  mansion,  is 
cbarminglj  situated  on  a  natural  ter- 
mce,  on  the  bank  eA  the  Lowthcr. 
Under  a  gtasa  case  on  tlie  buffet  in 
the  enti^nce  hall  is  the  skull  of  Ed- 
vard  de  Su^ham,  a  crusader  (1195), 
which  was  ^ken  out  of  a  tomb  in 
Brougham  Church.  The  mansion  also 
contuns  singularly  fine  oak  carvings, 
tapestry,  and  a  few  good  pictures.  In 
the  Chap^  are  vei;  fine  carved  oak 
fittings  and  stained  glass  windows. 
Arthta't  Bound  Table,  a  circular  pla- 
teau, is  supposed  to  have  been  ao 
arena  for  athletes.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  road  is  flayboroagh,  a  cir- 
cular enolosnre,  about  100  yds.  in 
diameter,  formed  by  a  high  aod  broad 
ridge  of  pebbles.  It  is  supposed  to 
have  been  either  a  court  of  justice  or 
a  Droidical  temple.  Visitors  who  do 
not  return  from  here  direct  to  Pen- 
rith will  proceed  ti  Pooley  Bridge, 
31  m.  (inns:  Sun;  Crown),  and  there 
take  the  steamer  np  Ullswater  Lake 
to  PaOerdale  (see). 

(b)  To  Eden  Hall,  1  m.,  and  Long 
Ueg  and  her  Daughters,  7  m.  Eden 
SaU  (Sir  G«o.  Musgrave,  Bt)  has 
heeu  rebuilt  on  the  site  of  a  former 
Manuoa,  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Eden.  It  contains  some  good  pictures 
^  Sir  Joe.  Reynolds,  Opie,  Lely,  and 
Sneller,  and  is  celebrated  for  an  old 
'  eaamelled  dnnkiiig  glass, »  rare  spe- 


cimen of  oriental  workmanship— called 
the  Luch  of  Eden  Sail — which  is  pre- 
served by  the  fiimily  with  almost 
BDpentitious  care.  It  has  been  tho 
subject  of  a  ballad  by  Uhland,   the 


great  taste,  and  the  ch.,  situated  in 
the  Park,  has  been  beautifully  restored. 
Tho  road  from  here  to  Kirkoewald 
passes  throngb  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able Dniidioal  remains  in  ^gland. 
known  as  Lang  Meg  and  her  Daughlen. 
These  consist  of  b7  large  unhewn 
stones,  forming  a  circle  350  ft.  in  dia- 
meter r  Long  Meg  stands  about  12  ft 
high  and  30  paces  wiHiout  the  circle, 
and  has  four  faoes  with  their  angles 
directed  to  the  four  cardinal  points  of 
the  compass.  It  is  computed  to  weigh 
16^  tuns.  Kirkoneaid,  2  m.  beyond, 
and  a  m.  from  Penrith,  is  situated  in 
a  fertile  and  beautiful  vule.  The 
remainsoftheonoe  "noble"  CatUearo 
dose  to  the  town,  on  an  eminence  sur- 
rounded by  trees.  The  Ch.  (restored) 
has  its  tower  and  belfry  detached  on 
an  adjoining  hill,  from  which  the 
bells  can  be  heard  at  a  great  distance; 
2  m.  fiirther  on  is  the  Nunnery.  Little 
remains  of  tlie  original  edifice,  which 
was  founded  by  Willium  Knius  fiw 
Benedictine  nuns,  and  on  the  site  of 
wbicli,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Crog- 
liu  with  the  Eden,  a  modem  muisiou 
has  been  erected.  Nothing,  however, 
can  surpass  the  romantio  beauty  of 
the  gloom;  gorge  through  which  the 
Croglia  f^  in  a  series  of  tascades. 
Ketuming  to  Penrith  the  route  may 
be  varied  by  pmoecdiug  through  Xo- 
loniy  (see  ancient  croas  in  ch.-yd.)  and 
over  the  FeU. 

(o)  To  Lowther  CaiUe,  6  m.,  and 
HaiBe»aater,  9  m.  After  passing 
Arthin's  Bound  Table  and  May- 
borough,  the  1  illage  of  Askham,  9  m., 
is  reached,  and  J  m.  from  uiis  is 
Lowtber  Caetle  (Eari  of  Lonsdale),  a 
magDificent  stroctnre,  which  is  A 


FESniTH—PEmAJ^CS. 


the  lonei  part  of  HateeaeaUr  Lake 
comeB  in  view.  This  Inke  is  compaia- 
tivelj  little  visited,  there  being  no 
Kood  inna  sufficiently  near  it  It  is 
2i  m.  long  and  i  m.  broad,  and  for 
ponnission  to  row  or  fieli.  applioalion 
sbonld  be  made  to  the  steward  at 
Lowtber  Castle.  At  Mardale  Oreen 
( Jnn :  Dun  Bull),  situated  at  head  of 
lake,  the  scenery  is  striMngly  fine ; 
the  mountain  group  Harter  Fell,  High- 
street,  and  Kidslj  Piie  towering  over 
the  lake  in  great  grandeur.  From 
here  the  pedestrian  who  does  Dot 
return  to  Penrith  may  proceed  to 
Trou^xdc,  6  m.,  and  thence  through 
the  valley  and  IjOW  Wood  to  Amble- 
side or  Windermere  (see  Lakeg),  or  to 
Kendal,  14  m.,  by  the  Gatesgarth 
PasB  (1950  ft),  the  hamlet  of  Little 
London  (the  geologist  will  esamine 
here,  near  the  junction  of  two  small 
moimtain  streams,  a  narrow  band  of 
limestone  which  abonnds  with  lowar 
Silurian  fossils),  the  Bangle  Ghyll 
slate  quarries,  which  are  worth  a 
visit,  and  the  Long  Bleddtde  valley, 
"  thoroughly  free  from  the  intrusion 
of  art."  Mardale  Green  (Hawes- 
water)  may  also  be  visited  liom  Pen- 
rith by  tjkking  the  train  io  Shap 
(iiiTW.-  Greyhound;  King's  Arms), 
and  then  driving  H  m.,  by  Shap 
Abbey  and  Bampton  Grange.  Shap 
Abbey,  founded  1119,  consists  of  a 
niinM  tower  and  fragments  of  the 
conventual  wall,  specimona  of  excel- 
lent masonry.  At  Shap  Wdli  (Hotel) 
—4  m.  from  station — are  medicinid 
springs,  saline  and  sulphurous.  The 
(^strict  Is  a  very  dreary  one. 

Pbnbth,  see  Falmouth. 

Penshcbst,  see  Tunbridge  WeUs. 

PBHTBiBTH,  Bet)  Beaumaris  and 
Llangefni. 

P^XBrvDitLAS,see  JBettai^-Coed. 

Fhnwobteah,  see  Pretton. 

Pbhyowbsd,  see  Capel  Curig. 

PenKance  (Cornwall),  Stat 
G.  W.  Rly.  (8.  Devon  &  Cornwall 
line),  328  m.  &om  London ;  132}  m. 
from  Exeter ;  and  79 j  m.  from  Ply- 
motitk.  Hotels  ;  "*  Queen's  ( table- 
d'huteat?):  Mount's  Bay  House,  and 
Beaohfieid  House,  all  on  Uie  E^lanade; 
Union ;  Western  ;  Star,  and  Bailway. 


The  position  of  the  town,  on  the  shores 
of  the  beautiful  Moant's  Bay,  is  uni- 
versally admired.  The  principal  fea- 
ture of  the  bay  is  the  romantic  and 
far  famed  St.  Michael's  Monnt,  but 
other  objects  of  almost  equal  interest 
cannot  Mi  to  strike  the  eye  of  the 
tourist  Trending  away  to  the  S.E. 
are  the  towering  diffs  of  Mullioii  and 
Gunwalloe,  Uie  lovely  cove  of  Kynance 
with  its  rooks  of  serpentine  and  tnala- 
chite,  and,  in  the  eitreme  distance, 
the  shaggy  Lizard  Head  with  its  twin 
lighthouses.  It  is  also  celebrated 
for  its  charming  scenery  and  tempe- 
rate skies,  its  mild  and  equable 
climate,  and  as  one  of  the  principal 
centres  for  the  pilchard  and  nuu^erel 
fisheries.  The  extent  of  these  may 
be  gathered  &om  the  fact  that  of  the 
former  some  60,000  hda.  are  exported 
annnallv,  and  from  3000  tc  4000  tons 
of  the  latter  ore  conveyed  by  rail  to 
various  parts  of  the  kingdom.  The 
Eaplanade  is  one  of  the  oest  in  any 
West  of  England  watering  place. 
Stretching  almost  due  N.  and  S.  for 
nearly  a  mile,  it  commands  uninter- 
rupted views  of  the  whole  Bay. 
Bounded  at  one  end  by  the  Batleij 
rocks,  a  favourite  resort  of  early 
bathers,  and  at  the  other  by  the 
"Bichard  Lewis"  Lifeboat  Honse 
and  Coast  Guard  station,  its  posi- 
tion can  scarcely  be  excelled.  T^era 
are  two  Fiers,  nearly  600  ft.  long, 
which  enclose  an  area  of  aboat  ^ 
acres,  forming  a  safe  and  commodions 
harboar.  The  "Boyat  Albert  Pier," 
opened  by  the  late  Prince  Consort,  Is 
the  principal  of  the  two,  and  inmie- 
diatdy  behind  it,  and  just  above  the 
railway  station,  is  a  battery  command- 
ing fine  views  of  the  Bay.  This  Bat- 
tery is  situated  at  the  bi^  of  Luscnd- 
iack  Hill,  or  Castle,  one  of  the  old 
Dmidical  remains,  and  from  the  an- 
cient keep,  still  in  good  preservation, 
one  of  the  finest  panoramas  in  the 
neighbourhood  may  be  obtained.  The 
town  is  now  of  considerable  com- 
mercial importance.  Aocoiding  to 
the  last  census  it  contained  nearly 
11,000  inhabitants,  and  is,  moreover, 
the  centre  of  a  very  large  mining, 
fishing,    and     agricultural     district. 


tile  ndaing  of  earlj  vegetabtee  utd 
fruit  for  the  London  and  othei  mar- 
kets. 6«Tei«l  thooeand  acres  aie 
permanently  devoted  to  the  growing 
of  potatoes  and  broccoli,  and  the  ex- 
tent of  the  crop  maj  be  nnighly  esti- 
mated  when  mote  than  6000  tone  pass 
orer  the  Wert  Cornwall  Bailway  eyery 
year,  independently  of  local  consump- 
tion. Next  in  importance  aland  toe 
mines.  Within  a  radius  of  seven  or 
eight  miles  are  mttiated  some  of  the 
moat  celebrated  "  setls  "  in  the  eonn^ 
□f  Cornwall.  The  historical  Botallack 
is  described  below,  but  scarcely  leas  in 
importance  and  commeroial  value  is 
its  neighbour,  Wheal  Owles.  Here, 
too,  the  lodes  have  been  followed  far 
"oufunderthebedoftheAtkntio.  A 
rich  discovery  of  tin  has  been  made  in 
this  direction  and  is  being  followed  by 
a  diagonal  shaft,  on  the  emns  principle 
BHthefnmona  "  Crowns  "  shsft  in  Bo- 
tallack, nnder  the  sea.  The  Ding 
Doug  mine  (potl),  also,  should  com- 
mand attention.  "She"  (foria  Corn- 
ish phraseology  mines  are  always 
"  she's  ")  iB  supposed  to  be  the  oldest 
mine  in  Comirall.  The  date  when 
Ding  Dong  first  began  to  work  ia  bo 
tiir  lost  in  antiquity  that  no  record  of 
the  fact  i«mains.  It  is  certain,  how- 
ever, that  foi  centories  she  has  con- 
tinued to  yield  lai^  qnantitieti  of  tin, 
and  is  still  so  far  from  l>eing  oxhanstcd 
that  within  the  last  year  or  so  an  en- 
tirely new  and  nndeveloped  lode  of 
this  metal  haa  been  discovered,  and  ii 
being  wrought  to  the  extent  of 


In 


Manufactories  (locally  called 
"  Smelting  Houses  ")  for  this  pwpose 
are  situated  at  Trierifib  and  Ch^dour, 
just  beyond  the  limits  of  Penzance 
proper,  on  the  B.  and  W.  No  tourist 
should  neglect  to  Tisit  Chyandour 
Smelting  Works.  Hero  he  may  see 
the  various  pioceises  by  which  the 
crude  ore,  or  as  it  is  technically  termed 
"stuff,"  IS  converted  into  glittering 
blocks  of  refined  tin. 
The  Pammee  FuUw  BaUding  is  of 


good  Italian  atchileeture,  in  white 
grouite.  In  it  are  a  News  Boom  and 
Library,  the  Gnildhall,  and  the  Jtftt- 
eeam  of  the  Penzance  Nat  Hist 
and  Antiquarian  Boc,,  and  of  the 
Koy.  Qeol.  Boe,  of  Cornwall,  which 
-mtainfl  a  large,  valuable,  and  highly 

iteresting  coUeotion  of  minerals, 
of  fossils  (indodii^  the  mysterious 
"  iohtiiyolites  "),  and  of  birds.  The 
Chapel  of  SI.  Pool  (E.  K,  buUt  1835), 
and  the  R.  C.  Chapel  of  St.  A^ 
(Dec,  atyle),  are  also  of  granite. 
JtTiuIron  CkiavA,  abont  2  m.  N.,  an 
ancient  pile  (1260-70),  on  an  eleva- 
tion 350  ft.  above  the  sea,  is  the 
mother-chnrch.  The  font  and  pis- 
cina deeerve  notice.  Abont  1  m. 
farther  N.  are  the  ruins  of  the  Bap- 
littery  of  Madron  WiM,  a  spring  once 
in  great  repute  for  its  healing  virtues. 
Penzance  is  celebrated  as  the  birth- 
placo  of  Sir  Humphnr  Davy,  and  the 

— B  in^Mch  the  celebrated  philoso- 
was  bom  stauds  a  little  below  the 
market-place  on  rt.  as  you  enter  the 
town.  The  Exctationt  are  numerous, 
and  the  tonriit  should  make  this 
town  his  headquarters  for  soma  days. 
In  the  neighbourhood  of  the  town 
charming  walks  lead  over  the  bills 
in  every  direction,  unfolding  delight- 
ful views.  The  visitor  will  never  tire 
of  these,  and  can  either  explore  for 
himself,  or  consult  the  excellent  local 

Slide  by  J.  S.  Courtney.  The  fol- 
wing  excursions  all  radiate  from 
the  town  as  a  centre,  like  the  sticks 
of  a  &n,  avoiding  as  much  as  possible 
travelling  twice  over  the  same  road. 
A  toleraole  coast  lOad  runs  nearly 
round  the  peninsula  from  St.  Ivee,  by 
the  Gurnard's  Head,  Morvah,  Fen- 
deen,  St,  Just,  Land's  End,  and  the 
Logan  Bock.  The  whole  distance 
will  be  about  30  m.  The  best  sleep' 
ing  accommodation  will  be  found  et 
Land's  End  or  St.  Just.  One  of  the 
first  excursions  will  be  probably  to 
Si.  Michad^i  Mount,  3  m.  by  road, 
2  m.  by  water ;  or  by  train  to  Mum- 
zion-road  Stat,  1  m.  from  the  Mount, 
By  going  at  low  tide,  the  necossilj  of 
having  a  boat  will  be  avoided. 

Maraaon  (Jnn:  the  Star)  was  a 
very  ancient  nmelting-placa  for  tin. 


and  wu  mpported  by  the  pilKriiai 
who  Kaortod    to  t)ie   Bhrine  at   St. 


The   caneeway,   400   yda, 

kms.  leading  &oin  the  beach  to  St. 
Ui^ael'i  Mount,  is  flooded  8  hrs. 
out  of  the  12.  At  the  bue  of  the 
Kb)imt  lies  a  imall  flshiug  town  with  a 
hatbonT,  The  Mil  riaea  abruptly  to 
a  height  of  195  ft.,  and  on  W.  aide 
the  eoenery  is  most  Tomantic,  and  a 
descent  shoold  be  made  to  the  watar'i 
edKe.  An  explomtton  of  the  nek 
viJi  eB^iall;  intereet  the  geobgwt. 
The  pnncipal  portions  of  ^e  Catlie 
are  the  hall  (the  Re/edory  of  the 
monks)  and  chapel,  the  latter  of  Ferp. 
date,  with  a  tower  on  tiif  N.  side. 
The  tower  (15th  oent.)  ii  the  most 
ancient  and  the  loftiest  (2A0  fL  above 
the  sanda)  put  of  the  boilding,  and 
commands  mupiiflcent  views.  The 
atoaa  Untemjknowu  as  Bt.  SSichaeVt 
Chair,  is  on  its  RW.  sjigle.  The 
castle  was  sold  to  the  SL  Aubyns  in 
1660,  and  a  porticai  of  it  Is  stiU  used 
M  a  private  raudence  by  a  member  of 
thefiioily. 

Anothar  eiconion  is  to  iffl.  Jcet 
(Jnns:  Western  H. ;  Bl  Ives  R.\  a 
qnaint  old  town,  with  its  houses,  chiefly 
uihabited  by  the  pilchard  fishermen, 
nestling  on  the  very  skirt  of  tho  sea, 
uid  mnch  Tesembling  a  Greek  vil' 
lage.  liiere  is  a  choice  of  3  routes  to 
it:  (a)  by  train  to  St.  Ivet-road  Slat. 
(B|  m.),  Oienoe  1^  road  4  m.  (no  con- 
veyances to  be  obtained  at  station  i ;  or 
to  Hayle  Stat,  thence  by  omnibus; 
(b)  by  tnmpike  ro«d  through  Lelcod, 
10  m.;  and  (o)  by  the  old  road 
thriugh  village  of  Oalval,  and  over 
Catidi-atfDiHai  <.73S  ft.  above  sea), 
whidi,  though  rough  and  hilly,  is  by 
far  the  most  beautifnl  route,  affording 
during  the  whole  of  the  ascent  mag- 
niOcent  views  of  the  bay,  &c.  The 
gnmmit  of  the  hill  is  orowned  with  an 
ancient  circular  fortification.  The 
tourist  is  recommended  to  enter  the 
town  by  the  I*lant  road,  and  to  retnm 
to  Penzance  through  HaUetotan,  where 
there  is  a  yerj  pretty  Ch.  The  Pier 
•t  8t  I*B«  was  constructed,  1787,  by 
BmBafam,  and  the  CA.  (Hen.  T.-VI.), 
wbich  atands  dose  to  the  beach,  con- 
Una  a  ootions  18ttw!«ot.  fbnt,  and 


very  handanne  wa^oa  roof.  Itte 
return  to  Penzance  by  Zennor  is  abont 
11  or  12  m.  of  hilly  road.  It  afioidl 
beautiful  views  both  seawairdB  and 
eastwards.  Zsnnor  Qvoil,  abont  i  m. 
E.  of  the  oh.,  is  the  finest  cromleoh  in 
the  district  The  tourist  may  bnutdi 
off  rt.  from  Zennor  to  the  Gumar^i 
Head,  2  m.,  and  7  m.  from  Fenzauoe. 
But,  if  practicable,  a  whole  day  shonid 
be  devoted  to  an  excursion  to  this 
romantio  prDtaontory,  and  its  interest- 
ing neighbourhood.  There  is  little  d 
importance  to  notice  till  the  visitor 
reaches  road  rt.  to  Zennor.  The  bidi 
hill  on  1.  is  Mu^ra.  on  the  top  til 
which  is  a  remarkable  cromlech. 
Beyond,  about  1  m.,  and  cloae  to  vlt- 
lage  of  Botphxennu,  is  the  most  per- 
fect specimen  of  a  beehive  hat  re- 
maining. From  village  of  Trertm 
(where  carriage  most  be  left)  it  is 
}  m.  across  some  fields  to  tho  Head. 
If,  in  preferenoe  to  this  ronte,  Que  old 
St  Ives-road  be  followed  from  Pen- 
lance  as  far  aaBadgej'i  Crou  (marked 
on  Ordnance  Map]k  &e  stranger  will 
be  able  to  visit  the  highly  interesting 
remains  of  the  ancient  British  villaee 
of  Ghyiaatlef  (sipiifying  "he^eo- 
shaped,"  or  •'  beebiTe  "  bouses).  On 
the  isthmns  connecting  the  Guipard's 
Head  with  the  mainland,  are  die  re- 
mains of  a  small  chapel,  wiUi  Uw 
altar-stone  entire.  The  Heed  affbrds 
to  those  who  scramble  along .  the  ban 
of  it  (practicable  at  low  water)  a 
splendid  section  of  the  strata.  PotA- 
(n«er  Cove,  1  m,  W.,  is  also  well  known 
to  geologists  for  its  large  granite  veins 
penetrating  the  slate.  Betuming  to 
Trereeo.  a  picturesque  road  leads  to 
Morvah,  and  {  m.  rt,  acroea  the  down, 
only  accessible  for  pedestrians,  is  Ch^ 
uoon  (pron.  ChQn)  QuUe,  an  old  ca- 
cular  military  work,  and  near  it 
(■ZOO  yds.)  a  cromledi,  having  a  stone 
barrow  round  it  From  here  visit  the 
Holed  Stone,  one  of  S  upright  stones 
near  Lanyon  Permhonse,  and  the 
WriOen  8Ume,  Ipng  in  a  croH,  under 
Carn  Oalva,  I  m.  N.B.  of  Lanyon,  a 
sepulchral  monument,  supposed  to 
date  from  a  period  antecedent  to  the 
departure  of  Uie  Bomans.  It  bears  an 
inscriptioii.    Between  this  and  JH^ 


2)img  tin  mine  ib  ft  ring  of  stonea,  the 
Nine  Afaidena.  Leaving  here,  inspect 
the  celebrated  Lanyim  Quo&,  or 
Gianfi  Quoit,  and  retnrn  thnmgli 
JUoffntn  (ante)  to  Fenzanoe.    A  good 


Cam  GalvB,  tlie  finest  hUi  in  the 
I«nd'B  End  diBtriot,  and  cnwaing  it  to 
'visit  the  cTomleoliB  mentioned  above. 
Tbe  distances  appnnimately  ore: 
Fenznnee  to  Guniud'B  Head,  7  m. 
direct;  thence  to  Idnjon,  over  Cam 
Galvo,  4  m. ;  thence  to  Ohfln,  IJ  m. ; 
CbCn  to  Penzance,  6  ro-  Another 
excnraion  is  to  St.  Jutl  Chureh-tomn 
(Oommeioial  Inn),  7  to.  by  direct  road. 
OmuiboBeB  to  and  from  Penzance 
daUy.  The  Ch.  fieth  cent.)  is  worth 
vlfliting.  Near  the  Jnn  are  the  re- 
mains of  an  amphilhealre,  where 
"Miracle  plajB"  were  performed. 
Cape  ComvM  is  1  m.  W.  Notice 
junction  of  the  granite  and  slate. 
There  is  a  splendid  eea  Tiew.  Two 
dangerons  rocks,  which  are 
posite,  are  the  BrUom,  o 
Walk  to  CarridtgJooee  Head,  imme- 
diately B.  of  Cape  Cornwall,  for  I' 
eake  at  the  view  of  the  coast,  and 
Pomanaon  Com,  a  verj  little  fnrther 
S.,  where  is  a  fine  eumple  of  a  raised 

BotdBack  Mine  (tin  and  copper), 
which  will  be  the  main  object  of  the 
present  eicureion,  liei  Ij  m.  N.N.E. 
of  Oapo  Cornwall,  on  the  very  edge  of 
the  sea.  Before  deecending  the  — "' 
which  mna  400  ft.  under  tbe  ae  . 
visitor  will  rest  awhile  on  the  cliff. 
The  «cene  unfolded  there  Ib  one  of 
the  most  singnlai  oomhinatlons  of  the 
power  of  art  and  the  sublimity  of 
nature  imaginable.  It  waa  visited  by 
tbe  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales  •" 
1865. 

Pendem  Covb  and  villa^  are  2 
N.    Hero,  too,  the  eramte  may 
saen  penetrating  the  slate.  The  reti 
ioomey  &om  here  is  abont  8  m.,  pass- 
ing, 3  m.  from  Penzance,  village  of 
tfeidtriilge. 

The  moat  favomite  excnrsion  &om 
Penzance   ia    perhaps    that   to   t~ 
LancT)  End,  10  m.    The  tonrlst 
itrongljr  iwammended  to  trolft  along 


tbe  coast,  between  the  Logan  Boek 
and  the  Land's  End,  eitlier  going  or 
letnming.  The  distance  is  6  m.  and 
will  occupy  at  lenet  2  hts.  The  two 
finest  points  are  Tol  Pedn  Penwilh, 
and,  near  the  Land's  End,  Pardenick 
Point  The  cliff  eoeneiy  between 
tliem  is  the  finest  in  Cornwall,  and 
prebably  in  Great  Britain.  A  person 
accustomed  to  cliffs  sbonld  find  his 
way  down  tbe  former  to  tbe  level 
of  the  sea.  At  Si.  lemm,  ft  remote 
and  lonely  place  GonsiBting  of  a  ob. 
and  a  couple  of  oottagea,  and  situated 
between  Porthgiearra,  a  romantio  fish- 
ing station  at  tbe  month  of  a  wild 
rall^,  and  the  headland  Pedn  Haen 
m  imc,  the  Ch.  ia  well  worth  a  visit. 
A  short  distance  beyond  is  Treryn 
CaUle,  a  magnificent  headland  of 
granite,  and  the  site  of  tbe  oelebrated 
Logan  Stone,  This  rocking -stone, 
weighing  upwards  of  60  tmiB,  waa 
overtamed  ia  1S24  by  Lt  Goldsmith 
(a  nephew  of  tbe  author  of  tbe  '  Tieat 
of  Wakefield')  and  his  boat's  crew. 
This  ofiicer  was,  however,  required  by 
the  Government  to  replace  it  From 
the  Logan  Book  a  footpath  leads  dne 
N.,  aciOBB  some  fields,  to  the  village  of 
Treen,  )  m.  distant,  where  the  oar- 
riage  should  be  waiting  at  tbe  small 
Jnn.    Thence  tbe  road  to  Penzance  is 


where  flie  C 
here  it  is  6  m.  to  Penzance.  To  sum 
up,  perhaps  the  most  feasant  mode  of 
visiting  the  Land's  End,  Ac.,  is  to 
drive  from  Penzance  to,  9  m.,  8t. 
Somen  Chtirch-t/ian,  387  ft  above  the 
sea — the  Jnn,  the  "  fiist  and  last " 
inn  in  England,  aocordipg  as  the 
visitor  enters  &om  the  W.  or  E. 
Another  Hotel,  open  only  during  the 
snmmer,  is  on  the  Iiand's  End  itself, 
1  m.  beyond.  Hera  the  visitor  will 
delight  U)  lii^ier  and  to  ramble  down 
the  gradual  slope,  to  an  extreme  point 
about  60  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


shore.    Tbe  Wolf  rock  bghthonee  is 
8  m.  8.W. 

Between  Land's  End  and  tbe  pro- 
montory (Cape  Comioail),  seen  oa  N., 
is  WhiUwnd  Bay.    It  is  an  interest- 


FBNZASCE—PETEBBOmUQa. 


about  5  m. 
if  posaible,  to  the  Logan  Bock.  If 
this  be  not  pracdcable,  return  in  car- 
riage to  IVeen,  4  m.;  thence  walk 
across  the  fields,  J  m.,  to  the  locldng- 
gtono  (supra). 

A  aborter  bnt  delightful  excursion, 
is  along  the  W.  shore  of  Mouaf  b  Bay, 
to  iMmoma  Cove,  6  m.,  pasdng  the 
onoe  celebrated  Wtterry  liiae,  NeuHyn, 
situated  at  foot  of  Paul  HOI,  and 
JUoMeAoIe,  two  picturesque  fishing  Til- 
lages. 1  m.  W.  of  Lfunoma  is  the 
headland  of  Cam  Botcamm,  where 
there  is  a  singular  pile  of  rocks. 

Lastly  and  briefly,  we  shall  notice 
the  SaSiy  JsEawii. 

For  a  detailed  deioription  of  the 
gronp  of  ialonds,  the  tonxist  is  re- 
ferred to  the  '  Handbook  for  Cornwall ' 
(Murray),  or  to  Mr.  North's  'Week 
In  the  Me  of  Scilly,'  published  by 
Bone  of  Fenzanoe,  and  Ixingmans  kS 
London. 

Steamers  ply  between  the  New 
Extension  Fier,  St.  Mary's  Island, 
every  other  day  durii^  Hummer,  and 
twice  ft  week  in  winter.  Average 
passage,  4  hrs.  The  inducements  to 
the  trip,  are  the  remote  acd  wild 
posildon  of  the  islands,  the  beaaty  and 
gtandear  of  the  rook  soene^,  and 
some  autiqnitiea.  There  are  Dins  at 
1^  3far||'a,  also  lodging-houses;  and 
an  Inn  at  Trsioo,  all  clean  and  com- 
fortable. Only  5  of  the  islands  are 
inhabited.  The  mean  temperatore  of 
the  summer  ia  5ff>,  of  tbo  winter  45°. 
The  chief  botanical  feature  is  the  iem 
tribe,  and  in  particular  Aiplenivm  mo- 
rinum,  or  aea-spleenwort.  8t,  Jlfufy! 
(pop.  about  1500;  circum.ftbont9m.) ' 


„  'a  Hugh  Hooae ;  IKdrs.  The 
town  has  a  pier,  and  an  excellent 
liarbouT.  The  most  prominent  and 
interesting  building  is  Star  CaiUe,  a 
forliefls  erected  temp,  Elisabeth.  After 
exploring  St.  Mary4,  the  other  islands 
may  be  convenientiy  grouped  into  3 
divisions,  each  anfflcieut  for  one  day's 
eicnrsiou.  Thus  (a)  St.  Agnes  (pop. 
200) ;  Annette  (nninhabifed),  and  the 
rocks  farther  W.,  known  as  the  0/ 


Islands ;   (b)  Samaon  (nninhabite^ ; 

Bryher  (pop.  115),  Tresoo,  Emd  St. 
Helen's ;  (S)  St.  Martin's,  and  the 
Eastam  islands.  Ttbico  (pop.  400), 
second  only  to  St.  Mary's  in  size,  is 
the  residence  of  the  Lord  Proprietor 
(T.  A.   Dorien-Smith,  Esq.),   whoso 

cient  Abbey,  founded  lOUi  cent.  B^ 
permisaiou,  the  stranger  should  visit 
the  beautiful  gardens,  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  rich  store  of  plante,  con- 
tain some  remains  of  the  old  Abbeg 
Ch.  St.  Mariin'a  island  (pop.  185) 
bas  several  points  of  interest.  On 
the  S.  and  W.  shores,  the  FlaU 
should  be  searched  for  sheila-  E.,  St. 
Mattia's  Heed,  160  ft  high,  com- 
mands a  view  of  the  whole  cluster 
of  those  numberless,  bntastic,  many- 
coloured  rocks,  known  as  the  Eaatan 
lelaitde,  also  of  the  dangerous  nef 
called  the  Seuen  Slonet. 
PEKaiM  POBTH,  see  Truro. 

PEBBANZ4BIH.0I,  806  TtUTO. 

VerHbore  (Woroeslershire.), 
Stat.  Gt  W.  Ely.  Inn :  Coventry  Anna, 
The  town  is  on  the  rt.  baoh  of  the 
Avon,  a  mile  distant  &om  the  railway 
station.  Inni ,-  Three  Tuna ;  Angel.  An 
omnibua  meets  each  train.  A  telieioui 
house  was  founded  here  as  ear^  as 
A.D.  689,  which  afterwards  became 
an  abbey  for  Benedictine  monks,  about 
970.  At  the  dissolution  of  monasteriee, 
all  the  abbetial  buildings  were  des- 
troyed, except  the  cmciform  Ch.  of  Iha 
Holy  Ctosi,  which  wna  purchased  by 
the  inhabitants  for  their  parish  oh.  It 
is  surmounted  by  a  handsome  square 
tower  of  14th  cent.,  and  retains  only 
tho  B.-E.  choir,  with  a  remarkably  riii 
ajid  lofty  clerestory,  and  S.  transept  of 
the  original  building.  The  interior  of 
the  lantem-towar  is  considered  to  be 
equalled  only  by  that  of  Lincoln 
Cathedral,  since  Uie  belfry  stags  has 
beenremoved.  This  fine  fcatoie  of  the 
tower  is  of  E.-E.  work,  merging  into 
Dec,  There  are  some  good  mona- 
menla.  This  interesting  building  was 
restored  in  1866  by  Sir  G.  G.  SooU. 

Peter  boroufrb  (Kortbants). 
This  is  a  great  railway  centre  and 
JQuclion:  the  G.  N.  (76}  m.  fhim 
London),  the  L.&  N.   W.   (110   m. 


FETERBOBOUOH. 


from  LondOD),  the  G.  E.  (102  m.  vU 
Ely),  and  the  Jlidl.  RIvB.  TheG.N. 
Stat  U  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  city ; 
the  3  remaiumg  lines  hava  a  joint 
statioQ  on  the  B.  side.  Poit-oMce  in 
Cumbeigate,  lending;  out  of  the  l^tket- 
place.  -Hbfelg ;  *»Great  Northern,  op- 
posite the  a  N.  Ely.  Slat.;  the 
Aneel,  in  Narroir  Bridg^e-street ;  th« 
Bull,  in  Westgate.  This  is  one  ol 
those  Ecelish  towns  which  hare  grown 
up  round  great  ntonitistio  establish- 
ments. The  monastery  here  wat 
founded,  on  the  borders  of  the  fen 
country,  in  655,  by  Baiolf,  a  Mercian 
thoue  of  great  ridiea  and  reputalioo, 
and  was  ttie  fltst  of  the  great  Bene- 
dictine  abbeys  established  either  in 
the  midst  of  the  fens  or  on  theic 
Itorders. 

The  chief  objects  of  interest  are  the 
Catkednd,  formerly  the  chnrch  of  the 
great  monaBtery,  and  the  remains  of 
the  monastio  buildings  which  sdrronnd 
it.  The  great  feature  of  the  cathedral 
is  the  western  fiord,  with  its  3  great 
open  arcbee,  completed  circ.  1250 — "as 
a  portico,  tiie  grandest  and  finest  ~~ 
£nrope." 

Before  entering  the  close,  the  visitor 
shonld  place  himself  in  front  of  the 
Market-house,  and  remark  &om  that 
point  the  view  of  the  W.  front  and  the 
W.  ^teway  (1177-1193)  of  tbe  abbey 
preoinots.  As  he  passes  the  arch  of 
the  ^teway  a  most  striking  view  of 
the  W.  front  of  the  cathedral  breaks 
upon  him.  On  the  i«fl  is  the  chancel  of 
Secket's  chapel,  now  forming  a  part 
of  the  grammar  school  On  the  t^ght 
is  the  ancient  gateway  of  the  abbot's 
lodgings,  now  that  of  the  episcopal 
palaoe;  and  in  front  rise  the  3  great 
arches  (81  ft.  high)  of  the  W.  front, 
or,  strictly  speakmg,  the  gigantic  W. 

Ch.  The  building  is  principally 
n.,  partly  E.  E.  It  consists  of 
nave,  aisles,  transept,  a  smaller  tran- 
sept at  the  W.  end,  and  a  choir 
terminating  in  an  apse,  with  a  tower 
rising  from  4  arches  in  the  centre  of 
the  building.  The  interior  is  early 
Norm.,  with  the  exception  of  the  smali 
transept  at  the  W.  end  of  the  nave 
and  the  new  buildiags  at  the  E.  end. 
Observe  inside,  on  rt  of  the  W.  door- ! 


way,  a  13th-cent  font ;  and  on  the  I., 

over  the  doorway,  a  picture  of  old 
Scarlet,  the  sexton,  who  buried  Qneen 
Catherine  of  Arragon  and  Mary  Qneen 
of  Scots.  The  roof  of  the  nave,  of 
wood,  is  of  great  antiquity,  wonder- 
foil^  preserved,  and  painted  with 
cnnouB  devices.  The  transept-arobes 
are  among  the  finest  eiamplee  of  the 
Norm,  period  now  extant  The  roof 
of  the  choir  (r^tored)  is  a  fine  speci- 
men of  the  early  Ferp-  charsoter. 
The  carved  woodwork  of  the  choir 
sliould  be  noticed.  The  magnificent 
oak  screen  whioh  separates  the  morn- 
ing prayer  chape!  from  the  adjoining 
ports  of  the  cathedral  contaliu  some 
elaborate  Ferp,  carving.  The  retro- 
choir,  or  new  buUdinr,  commonly 
called  tbe  lady  Ghapet  has  Abbot 
Hedda'e  monument  (date  870),  and  a 
beautiful  roof.  In  BL  John's  Chapel, 
N,  choir  aisle,  is  some  ancient  tapes- 
try. Id  the  ssme  aisle  is  a  slab  on  the 
floor,  covering  the  remains  of  Queen 
Catherine. 

The  tourist  should  also  inspect  the 
outside  of  the  E.  end,  or  new  build- 

The  Karhel-houm,  in  the  Market- 
place, ia  ancient,  and  bears  date  1G71. 

At  Qutor  (Slat.).  4  m.  W.  of  Pet«r- 
borough,  and  1  m.  from  the  CastOT 
Slat,  of  the  L,  &  N.  W.  Ely.,  are  two 
objeots  of  interest — the  Cflurcft  and 
the  Eoman  SUUioo,  Tbe  Church 
(dedicated  to  SL  Kyeebnrh)  is  a  spa- 
boilding,  chiefly  noticeable  for 
ry  fine  late  Norm,  tower,  gur- 
monnted  by  an  early  Dec.  spire.  The 
architecture  is  principally  Norm.,  bnt 
additions  have  been  made  in  the  E.-E. 
and  Dec.  styles.  The  walls  on  the 
exterior  are  covered  with  rich  designs. 
Within,  tjie  nave  aroadee  are  of  the 
13tb  vsat. ;  that  on  the  S.  side  with 
Tonnd  piers  and  arches ;  the  N,  arcade 
with  octagonal  piers  and  pointed 
arches,  l^e  K.  transept  is  separated 
from  the  aisle  by  a  atone  screen,  which 
formed  the  reredos  behind  tbe  altar  of 
the  N.  We, 

The  Boman  settlement  of  DonAriv/e 
extended  on  both  aidee  of  the  river; 
the  principal  entrenchment  was  on 
the  1.  bank,  nearly  opposite  Castor 


8U 


PETEBBOBO  VQE—PETEBSHAM. 


Hilli.     The  rtation,  now  called  the 

"Oftrtles,"  Kinwns  tolerably  peifeoL 
It  Uanrronnded  byafinse  and  vallam. 
There  ia  a  tamnltiB  within  tlia  oamp, 
and  on  the  K'dMec  part  of  its  area 
portiona  of  Bomsa  bnildingB,  much 
pottorj,  and  manj  coins  have  been 
diMOT^«d.  The  gnat  disUnction  of 
DnrobriTu  waa  ite  potlerf.  Boraan 
pottera*  kilns  have  been  foaud  no- 
where else  in  England  so  perfect  or  in 
Bnch  great  numbets. 

]}  m.  W.  from  the  Elton  Stat.  (20 
miQ,  from  Peterborough)  of  the  L.  & 
K.  W,  Blj.  (inquire  at  Uie  elation  for 
the  footpatb  through  the  flalds)  ii 
Fothtrtaghay,  ao  celebrated  in  English 
history.  The  site  of  the  Cattle,  tha 
CUurdt,  and  the  ancieDt  hoiUl  at  the 
caatle  eateB,  are  the  places  of  interest 
to  be  Tiaited. 

The  hiMtel  (now  a  fermhonse),  cer- 
tainW  built  hv  Bdw.  lY.,  has  been 
tnneh  restored,  and  the  interior  is 
almost  entirely  modem.  The  main 
portal  remains,  and  is  very  picturesque. 
Close  beyond  tlie  hostel  a  farm-gate 
opeuB  to  the  fields,  over  which  extend 
the  foundations  of  the  autU. 
great  keep  monnd  rises  in  front,  and 
on  climbing  to  its  summit  the  true 
position  of  uie  place  is  seen.  The  first 
true  castlfl  here  was  probably  tlie  nock 
of  Simon  of  Senlis,  about  the  begin- 
ning of  the  12th  cent  It  was  the 
Sincipal  residence  of  the  Flantagene(8. 
ary  Queen  of  Scots  was  a  prisoner 
hern,  and  here  she  waa  tried  and  be- 
headed. From  the  castle 
the  Church,  which  stands  a  little 
higher  up  the  river.  Only  the 
remains.  When  complete,  it  most 
lutve  been  a  ob.  of  nnusual  stateliness, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  examples  in  tb 
kingdom  for  the  study  of  the  Perj 
style.  Entering  the  ch.,  we  are  atnio  . 
by  the  fine  and  lofty  Perp.  arches,  the 
great  clerestory,  the  noble  windows  of 
the  aisles,  and  the  westr^m  tower  arch. 
The  font  is  very  good  Perp.,  and  the 
original  pulpit  remains  with  a  later 
OBDopy.  The  massive  tower  Is 
monatitd  by  a  lofty  octagon,  having  a 
large  Perp.  window  lu  each  of  its 
sides.  From  the  Overlrm  Sfst.  of 
the  L.  &  N,  W.  Biy..  the 


churches  of  Overton  Waterville  (Dm.) 
utd  Overton  Longueville  (14th  cent) 
may  be  visited,  la  the  former,  notice 
the    finely-oarved  oak    pnlpit,   IGth 

Croaland  Ahbey  is  9)  m.  from  Petel- 
boro'.  On  entering  the  village  (Jiw; 
George),  the  trianguiar  bridge  is  aeeo. 
Notice  mouldings,  ribs,  and  vaulting, 
and  on  S.  side  a  weather-beaten  ^nre 
of  Etbelbald  of  Mercia,  founder  of  the 
monastery.  The  N.  aisle  of  tho  mona- 
stery serves  as  the  Parish  Cb.  The 
great  window  is  Perp.  See,  in  tym- 
panum of  W.  portal,  sculpturea  repre- 
senting 5  scenes  from  life  of  St 
Guthlac  (d.  713),  to  whom  Etbelbert 
came  as  a  fugitive.  Within,  the  mined 
nave  displays  the  Perp.  reDuilding  irf 
1405. 
]Pet«nifield  (Haiito),Stat.  L.  ft 
W.  Rty.  Tnn:  Dolphin  (not  good> 
The  field-walks  and  drives  from  the 
town  ate  very  attractive.  To  S.E,, 
over  the  Busses  border,  is  Up  Pari 
(Lady  Fetherstonhangh),  and  Xid- 
htird,  H  m.  E.  (also  accessible  by 
railway).  On  bis  way  to  latter,  the 
pedestrian  shoolil  follow  the  siream  of 
the  Kotber,  and  visit  TroUon  Ch., 
where  are  scane  brasses.  The  obalk 
range,  the  8.  Downs,  climbed  about  2 
m.  S.  of  Peteisfield,  affords  a  delightful 
walk  througljout  Its  course.  E,  from 
this  point.  4  m.  W.  are  the  Norm. 
Ch.  and  Manor-house  of  Eatt  Mean, 
and  the  antiquary  should  conUnua 
his  excursion  4  m.  further  W.,  to 
Warnford,  where  are  remains  of  a 
manot-honse  and  Ch.,  temp.  John. 
A  very  picturesque  cros»^»untry  walk 
may  be  taken  by  Hawktey  and  Emp- 
shott  to  SeUxMrae  (see),  12  m,  there  and 
back. 

PeterMbam  (Snn^),  aboat 
li  m.  S.  of  the  Biohmond  Bly.  Stat.,  is 
a  village  on  the  Thames,  between 
Bichmond  and  Kingston,  very  plea- 
santly placed,  having  Ham  Walks  Euid 
Ham  House  and  grounds  on  one  side^ 
Blobmond  and  Bichmond  Park  on  the 
other :  the  Thames  in  front,  and  Ham 
Common  in  the  rear. 

The  Chvreh  (St.  Peter)  is  of  red 
brick,  buUt  in  LIOS. 
Ham  Houte  (Earl  of  Dysart)  rtwidB 


FSTEBSHAM—PETWOBTH. 


SiS 


on  the  rt  btuk  of  the  ThtuueB,  1  m. 
above  Bidmtoud  Bridge,  and  opposite 
XffickenhaiD.  It  ia  b,  Jacobean  brick 
maDBion,  of  good  churacter,  a  reeort 
of  the  Cabal  Miuigtry  nf  Ohas.  II., 
and  the  place  fixed  on,  1688,  for  the 
temporary  abode  of  JaraeB  XL  It  was 
bnilt  in  1610,  for  Bir  Thomas  Tavasur, 
and  subsequently  came  into  theposeea- 
Bion  of  the  Duke  of  Lauderdale,  one  of 
the  memberB  of  the  notorioas  Cabal 
BfinistiT,  Notwithstanding  Lander- 
tlale's  aiteratJons,  the  house  letalna  its 
(wiginal  character  unimpaired,  and  ia 
the  best  specimen  of  its  time  and  strle 
in  the  Tioinity  of  the  metropolis.  The 
garden  walls  and  ereat  gate  are  equally 
good  and  nntoucned  exnmples  of  the 
Lauderdale  and  Charles  II,  epooh. 

The  Rveunea  and  tlie  meadows,  the 
Ham  Walks  so  often  referred  to  bj  the 
vriters  of  Queen  Anne's  time,  have 
always  been  celebrated,  and  are  in 
^ir  way  uniivalled.  The  giest 
avenne  by  the  Thames  side  is  over 
half  a  mile  long;  the  Petersham 
Avenne  is  little  less ;  ivhile  from  the 
back  of  the  house  to  Ham  Common, 
the  "  dappled  path  of  mingled  light 
and  shade  "  eiteods  for  nearly  a  mile. 
Inside  the  housa,  the  antique  oha- 
tacter  has  been  mamtained  ahnoet  nn- 
modified. 

The  chief  apartments  ate  the  Central 
Hall,  paved  with  black  and  white 
marble,  end  surrounded  by  an  open 
gallery.  The  state  reception-room, 
called  Queen  Anne's  Audience  Cham- 
ber, but  also  known  as  the  Cabal 
Chamber,  ia  hnng  with  old  tapestry,  as 
are  also  some  of  the  smaller  rooms.  A 
suite  of  rooms  known  as  the  Buchees 
of  Lauderdale's  is  remarkable  as 
having  been  preserved — furniture,  fit- 
tings, and  all  else — just  as  thej  were 
left  by  the  imperious  beauty.  "The 
North  DrawiQg-room  is,  however, 
perhaps  the  most  perfect  example  of 
uie  lAudenlale  time  and  state.  All 
tlie  rich  old  furniture  remains.  The 
LU)tatyiBfaU  of  nire  books;  here  also 
are  preserved  man;  ntpers  of  great 
historical  interesL  Tlie  house  can 
imly  be  seen  by  special  permission. 
I'BTr,  see  Biulituii. 
retwortb  (t^ussei).  Slat.L.B. 


&  B.  C.  BIy.,  1)  m.  8.  of  the  town. 
7nn>.-  'Half  Moon,  good;  Swan.  The 
streets  of  this  town,  wliich  have  grown 
up  about  the  ancient  manor  of  the  Fer- 
■'       are  tisrtow  and  irregular.     An 

lionse.  beyond  the  oh.,  founded  in 
the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  and 

ivenuo  of -which  now  exceeds  80(M. 
,  .  Lunum,  is  a  remarkable  specimen 
of  the  brick  building  of  that  time. 

The  Ckureh  is  for  the  most  part 
Pen>. ;  the  spire,  180  ft.  high,  is  an 
aarly  work  of  Sir  Charles  Iterry.  Ita 
most  interesting  pnrtioD  is  the  large 
N.  chancel  or  chantry  of  St.  Thomas-it- 
Bec^et,  in  which  many  of  the  Ferciea 
are  buried,  and  smne  of  the  Dawtreys 
mentioned  bvLeland,  who  visited  the 
t«mn  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  The  grand 
interest  of  Petwortb,  which  makes  it  a 
resort  of  art  pil^ims  from  all  parts  of 
Europe,  is  the  Bouie  (Lord  Leoonfleld) 
with  its  vast  and  superb  collection  of 
pictures. 

It  was  originally  granted  by  the 
Dowager  Queen  of  Henry  I,,  and  has 
ever  ^sinoe  continued  in  the  hands  of 
the  great  family  of  the  Percies  and 
their  descendants,  and  now  remains  in 
the  hands  of  the  Wyndhams.  The 
mass  of  the  present  house  dates  from 
about  1730,  and  doea  not  possess  the 
slightest  architectural  attraction.  The 
oollections  may  be  seen  on  Tveadayt 
and  Tktiiidayi  only.  Application 
should  be  made  at  the  portera  lodge, 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  town,  'The 
splendid  collectiou  of  pietores  by 
Vandyck  and  Holbeia  deserves  the 
most  careful  attention.  There  Is 
a  beautifully  illuminated  coi^  of 
Chaucer's  '  Canterbory  Tales  pre- 
served in  the  Library.  Tills  is  a  mauu- 
script  of  much  archieological  interest. 
Also  the  original  sword  belonging  to 
Hotspur,  need  at  Bhrewsbnn,  is  an 
object  ik  much  curiosity.  'The  date 
onthebladBialS92.  ThePortisopen 
to  the  public,  and  should  be  visited; 
carriage  entrance  by  South  Lodge.  The 
walls  ale  about  It  ta-  in  circumference. 
The  Upper  Park  is  steeper  and  more 
varied  than  tlio  Lower ;  and  at  its 
highest  point  a  noble  view  is  obtained 
from  the  Proapect  Tower,  which  should 
by  nil  means  be  isoended.    The  noted 


846 


FETESSEY—PLYXO  UTS. 


PBtworih  Duurble  is  fonnd  in  the 
vicinit?  o[  the  town.  The  Bomao 
yillaat  £ig>uir(5iii.8.)iiiaybeTMted 
bota  Petworth  (see  Chieheeter) ;  Cow- 
dra;  and  Midhurst  (5  mj  nuiy  also  be 
™ited  (see  Midharel). 

I"even»ey  (Sussex).  Stat.  L.  B. 
&S.  C.  Kly,  &n:  Boyal  Oak.  The 
eiploratioi)  of  PevenBey  Castle  will 
prove  of  the  highest  interest  to  the 
aicbieoli^iBt.  It  is  abant  6  m.  walk 
from  Ea^Kntrae,  and  rather  more 
from  BexhiU.  The  village  nearest  tha 
statioD  is  WttOutm.  Its  Ch.  has  lorts 
Korm,,  paits  Fetp.,  and  a  curious 
carved  screen,  temp.  Hen.  VI.  Be- 
tween it  and  PevenBey  village  stands 
the  Caetle,  aboat  J  m.  distant  horn  the 
station.  It  consists  of  two  entljely  dis- 
tinct parts  :  an  outer  wall  of  enclosure, 
and  tJie  medimval  castle  itself.  The 
oaler  wall  is  certainly  Roman,  ex- 
liibiting  the  usual  arcaugement  of 
Boman  masonry,  and  studded  at  inter- 
vals by  nine  round  solid  towers.  Two 
ot  these  face  you  as  jon  approach  the 
castle  &^nn  the  railway  station.  They 
flanked  the  Decnman,  or  western  gate. 
Entering  here,  you  find  yourself  vithin 
the  wbIU  of  the  anoient  city  of  "  As- 
derida,"  inclosing  an  irregular  oval  or 
parallelogram  of  three  sides ;  thewalls 
on  the  N.E.  and  W.  sides  still  remain. 

Having  entered  within  the  Boman 
vratls,  the  traveller  finds  himself  con- 
froated  by  the  medieval  castle  of  the 
"Eagle  Honour, 

grand  without  the  waUs  of  a  Brita- 
in ground-plan  it 
tagoD,  with  towels  a 
e  great  gateway,  Qsnked 


this,  and  must  be  entered  from  behind, 
by  a  path  nearly  opposite  the  Boyol 
Oak  Inn  and  Pevensey  ch.  The  en- 
tiro  castle  dates  from  about  the  end  of 
the  13th  cent. 

The  Ch.  of  Pevensey  stands  E.  of  the 
castle.  It  is  E.  E. ;  octangnlar  piers 
are  varied  with  clustered  oolnmns,  the 
capitals  of  which  are  richly  foliated. 
The  chancel  nrob  is  unuaually  fine. 
The  chancel  itself,  with  its  lancets, 
must  have  l)een  veiy  striking  when 
entire,  but  is  now  cut  in  two  by  a 


wooden  partition,  and  the  E.  part  nn- 

The  ancient  Town  Hall,  resembling 

an  old  cotl^e,  still  exists  on  the  8. 
side  of  the  village  street.  TIier«  ia 
also  an  hospital,  tite  data  of  which  is 
unknown. 

From  Pevensey,  HurslmonBeaux 
may  be  visited,  by  the  Waiiling  read, 
about  5  m.  (see  Haikham). 

PiCEBRiMO,  see  Whilbt/., 

FtEL  Island,  see  Barroa. 

PlEBCEBBiltOE.  See  DaTltiigton. 

PhiTon,  see  SAepton  Mallet. 

PiK  Mill,  see  Iptmch. 

PraNBR.  see  HarrotB. 

PiRfOBD,  see  Weybridga. 

PiTTiNamiN,  see  DuTham. 

Plaxtol,  see  Sevenodkt. 

Flbsbt,  see  CItelmtford. 

PLnHffTBAS,  see  Woalmidt. 

l*lymoutli  (Devon.),  246  m. 
bom  London,  O.  W.  Bly.  Also  fitst 
trains  iiom  Waterloo,  L.  &  8.  W.  Bly., 
changtng  at  Exeter  into  8.  Devon  and 
Cornwall  lines.  A  less  direct  ronte 
from  Eietei  is  via  Yeoford  June 
Oliehampton,  Lidford,  and  Tavistodc, 
which,  for  the  sake  of  the  beaotiiul 
scenery  through  which  this  new  line 
passes,  the  tourist  should  take,  either 
going  or  returning.  Jnns:  ""Duke  of 
Cornwall  H.,  close  to  railiray  staticm ; 
**Boyal  U„  forming  one  bux^  with 
the  theatre  and  assembly-rooms,  aud 
conveniently  near  the  railway  and  tha 
Hoe;  Harvey's,  opposite  the  Boyal; 
Qlobe;  Ohubb's  Commercial  Hold. 
Plymouth  and  Dovonport  are  well  sup. 
plied  with  water  from  Dartmoor,  by 
a  leat  constructed  by  the  munificence 
of  Sir  F.Drake.  The  diief  points  of  in- 
terest in  the  town  are 

(a)  The  Eoe,  5  min.  walk  8.  of 
the  Boyal  Hotel,  which  is  tbe  publto 
park  of  the  town,  and  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  promenades  by  the  sea  in  the 
kingdom.    The  E.  portion  of  it  is  tbe 

'  CUadfi,  entered  by  a  gateway  (lff70), 
opposite  Hoe-street  A  walk  should 
by  all  means  be  made  round  the  nni' 

(b)  Si.  Andraa'i  Ch.  (restored),  sito- 
ated  at  corner  of  Bedford-street,  oppo- 
site the  Foit-ogiee.  The  flue  tower 
wns  built  about  1460,    06».  Ohantrey's 


yLYMOVTB. 


317 


bust  of  Dr.  Zaohary  Madge ;  the  cita- 
del monument  to  Sir  Joim  8hetton, 
1672;  and  Beveral  early  17th -cent. 
monumentB,  aa  well  as  a  tahlot  in  S. 
aisle  for  Charles  Slathewu,  the  come- 
diftD,  d.  1835.  le)  CharUt  Ch.,  1645- 
57,  the  tower  and  spire,  1708,  {d) 
JTeat  GtiildkaU,  Weatwell-street,  eon- 
sisting  of  two  large  Hocks.  In  the 
southern  are  (he  OuildhalL  and  Assize 
Conrta  ;  in  the  norths m,  the  handsome 
Council  Chamber,  and  the  municipal 
offices.  The  old  picluros,  which  with 
other  ancient  property  of  tho  Corpora- 
tion have  been  transferred  from  the 
Old  Onildhall,  include  a  portiait  of 
Geo.  IV..  by  Hoppner,  and  of  Drake 
n.S94).  In  Sonthside-street  it  Measra. 
Coat«r'  Distillery,  remains  probably  of 
the  Black  Friars'  Priory,  and  having 
two  interesting  doorways,  and  a  room 
with  timber  roof,  (e)  The  AlKeiuBum, 
adjoining  Bojat  Hotel,  has  a  valuable 
library  and  mnseam,  casta  from  the 
Slgin  collection  in  the  British  Museum. 
&a.  Here,  too,  are  deposited,  by  Mr.  0. 
Spencc  Bate,  F.R.B.,  the  very  remark- 
able aatiquiUes  of  bronze,  &c,  dis- 
covered at  Oreslon  {see  yo«().  (/)  The 
PuiJio  LtbraTy,  Cornwoll-slreet,  con- 
tains the  ooUeotion  of  books,  M88., 
paintings,  and  nntnerons  other  works  of 
art,  presented  lo  the  town  in  1852,  by 
William  Cotton,  Esq.  It  ie  open  free 
every  Monday,  (g)  Of  oncient  build- 
ings, the  Palace  Court,  in  Catte-street, 
15th  cent,  in  which  Princess  Catherine 
of  Atragon  lodged  in  1501 ;  and  i 
good  Elizabethan  houses  in  Notte- 
street,  are  worth  notice.  At  Stondumte 
are  the  important  Government  eata- 
blishmenta,  the  VictoaJling  Yard, 
Marine  Barracks,  and  Naval  Hospital. 
The  Bmal  William  VielMaUing  Yard, 
deseed  by  the  late  Mr.  Rennie,  occu- 
pies a  tongue  of  land  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Tamar,  and  was  comp 
in  1S35,  at  a  cost  of  1,500,0002.  It 
covers  14  acres,  and  is  fronted  by 
sea-wall  1500  ft.  long.  The  whole 
the  interior  is  highly  interesting,  but 
the  following  departments  may  be  men- 
tioned  as  specialW  so : — the  Bdkelunae, 
in  which  powerfm  engines  grind  the 
com,  knead  the  dough,  and  spread  it 
,readf  to  be   cnt   into    biscniti;  and 


wltere  a  sack  of  flour  is  prepared  fbr 
removal  to  the  oven  in  2J  min. ;  the 
Cooperate,  the  Staret,  the  Weighing- 
Aouse,  &e.  A  gravel  walk,  with  seate, 
landing  a  fine  view,  leads  from 
the  principal  entrance  round  tlie  little 
■  ',  to  the  headland  of  DetiVt  Point, 
which  a  fort,  called  the  Prince  <A 
Wales  Bedoubt,  was  erected  in  1S49. 
At  the  E,  end  of  the  walk  is  the 
Wivler  ViSa,  the  proper^  of  the  Garl 
of  Mount  -  Edgcumbe.  The  Sot/al 
Marine  BaTrachi  are  situated  in  Darn- 
ford-street,  and  will  accommodate 
1500  men.  The  mess-room  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  England,  and  contains  a  good 
portrait  of  William  IV.  The  Moyal 
NaTjal  SagpUal  h  a  large  building, 
conspicuous  in  the  N,  of  Stonehouse. 
It  dates  from  the  French  war  (1762), 
and  can  accommodate  1200  patients. 
A  little  beyond  is  the  Boman  Catholic 
Cathedral,  a  modem  building,  with  re- 
markably fine  spire.  Bevonporl. — By 
far  the  most  interesting  object  is  tiie 
Dockyard.  Visitors  are  admitted,  under 
the  guidance  of  a  policeman,  during 
the  working  hours;  but  tile  yiud  is 
closed  for  dinner  fmm  12tol  in  winter, 
and  &om  12  to  IJ  in  summer,  except 
on  Saturdays,  when  the  home  of  work 
continue  without  intermisEdon  till  3  p.h, 
Eeyham  (Steam)  Yard  is  separated 
from  the  Dooky^  by  the  Ordoauce 
Stores,  bnt  a  tunnel  |  m.  Icng  connects 
the  two  establishments.  On  leaving 
the  Dockyard,  the  visiter  may,  a  very 
little  distance  from  the  meun  gale,  avau 
himself  of  the  river  steamers  winch 
leave  the  pier  every  j-honr,  and  pro- 
ceed up  the  Hamoaza  to  ihe  Royal 
Albert  Bridge  (pos(), returning  byrail 
to  Plymoum  or  Devonport  (over  the 
bridge},  or  by  steamer.  Mowd  Wite 
affords  a  pleasant  promenade,  end  com- 
mands fine  viowa.  At  the  back  of  it 
are  the  Baglan  BarraiJo.  On  the  sum- 
mit are  a  large  brazen  camion  taken 
&um  the  Turks  at  the  Dardanelles  by 
Sir  J.  Duckworth,  and  a  bronze  statue 
of  Field-Marshal  Lord  Beaten.  From 
the  top  of  the  Devonpml  Chlumn,  125  ft. 
high ;  from  the  Pvblie  Path,  formed 
1838,  out  of  the  N.E.  glacis  of  the  for- 
tifications: and  from  Slolre  Hitt,  the 
tourist  will  obtoin  admirable  views. 


us 


PLYMOUTH. 


Flymoulh  Soaad.    Tbie  mt^niflcent 

ifwilstead  is  about  3  m.  Bouarc.  It 
receives  the  tribute  of  the  rivers 
Toluai  ODd  Plym—  the  eataaiy  of  the 
first  forming  the  harbour  of  Unmoaze 
on  1.,  and  that  of  the  latter  the  Cftt- 
irator  on  rt.  The  Ide  of  St.  Nieholae, 
or  Drdke't  Idand,  a  bold  pyramidal 
rook,  strongly  fortiBod  and  garrieooed, 
lies  between  tbe  Bne  end  Jlfuunt 
Bdgeumbe.  The  latter,  on  W.  ahore 
of  the  Soond,  the  beautiful  seat  of  the 
Honnt'Edgoumbe  family,  is  open  In 
the  publio  every  Monday,  and  the 
stranger  by  applying  at  the  Manor 
Office,  Eaet  EminH-ploee,  Stonehouse, 
can  procure  admittance  on  other  davB, 
but  he  muat  thun  be  accompanied  by 
a  guide  (fee  2(.  6d.)  The  ferry  la 
from  the  Admiral's  Hard.  Stonehouae, 
or  from  the  beach  undtr  Mount  Wise, 
Devonport,  to  CremHV  The  houee  is 
a  oaatellated  btiildins,  erected  in  the 
reign  of  Q,  Mary,  and  contaitia  nume- 
rous interesting  paintings.  The  porlt, 
however,  is  the  chief  attraction,  and 
there  are  few  spots  in  England  wbicli 
afford  so  delightful  an  eicuraion.  If 
time  permit,  akirt  the  shore  in  a  boat 
fbr  a  view  of  tbe  rocka.  Continue  to 
Caatand,  and  to  Fealte  Point,  walk 
theace  to  Rama  Head  for  a  view  of 
Whitetand  Bay  and  a  long  range  of 
the  Cornish  coaat.  The  view  from 
the  tower  of  Maker  Ch.,  at  W,  end  of 
the  park,  is  unrivalled.  For  a  sepa- 
rate excursion,  WhiUiand  Bay  may 
be  reached  from  MiWrroolc  at  head  of 
MUlbrook  Creek.  At  high  water  Mi  U- 
brook  is  accessible  by  boat  from  Stone- 
houae or  Devonport.  The  magnificeut 
jBreotMotcT  should  on  no  account  ■-- 
left  nnvisited.  To  reach  it  (3  m.' 
boat  should  be  hired  under  the  J 
(onta).  A  Toimd  fort,  on  the  plan  of 
those  at  Spithead,  has  been  erected  just 
inside  it,  and  may  bo  aeen  by  an  order 
from  the  commanding  Boyal  Engineer 
ofBeer.  The  W.  end  is  occupied  by  a 
lighthonse,  which  is  open  to  visitors. 
From  the  Breakwater,  the  visitor 
should  land  at  Boviiand,  on  E.  shore 
of  the  Sound,  wheri'  there  ia  a  battery 
and,  J  m.  from  shore,  a  reservoir  for 
supplying  wattr  to  H.M.  shipa.  Walk 
Blong  the  adjacent  Staddon  Heighli  to 


JKount  Batten,  at  tbe  month  of  the  Oat- 
water,  and  cross  thence  by  boat  to 
Plymouth,  The  Sound  and  its  ahorea 
are  protected  by  a  circle  of  large  forts. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned  Trt- 
gat\tU  Fort  over  Whiteaand  Bot; 
Serraidon,  which  commands  the  St, 
Germans  Kiver  and  upper  part  of  tbe 
Eamoaze ;  Staddon  Fori,  on  the  neck 
of  land  between  the  Sound  and  Cat- 
water;  as  well  aa  several  amaller  aitd 
auxiliary  forts  like  Bimtand  and 
Fiddeoombe,  which  command  the  en- 
trance to  the  Sound  on  either  side  of 
the  Dnakwater.  Any  of  these  may 
be  visited'hy  permission  of  the  Comm. 
Boy.  Engineer  of  tbe  diatrict,  whose 
olGce  is  opposite  the  entrance  to  the 
Kaglan  Barracka,  Devonport. 

(o)  The  TamoT.  A  trip  by  water  to 
tbe  Weirbead  (22  m.  from  the  Bonnd) 
and  Morwell  Bocks  (see  Colttooft)  caa 
be  accomplished  either  by  steamer,  or, 
with  the  tide,  by  a  rawing  boat.  Upon 
leaving  Devonport,  you  launob  at 
once  into  Hamoate.  The  rt.  bank  (ot 
Cornwall  side)  on  1.  hand  in  asoending 
from  here  offers  in  aacoesaion  the 
creeks  of  Millbrook  and  Bt.  John's 
Lake ;  the  town  of  Torpoint ;  .  the 
woods  of  Gravesend  and  Thanbea 
(aeata  of  Lord  Graves)  and  of  Antony 
House  (W,  H.  Pole  Carew,  Esq.).  The 
L  bank  (or  Devonshire  side),  the  Dock- 
yard; New  Passage:  Keyhara  Steam 
Yard;  Bull  Point.  The  wimderftt 
Albrrt  BrvJge  and  the  pioturesqoe 
town  of  SaHaOi  (rt.  bahk)  are  a  little 
beyond,  or  5  m.  from  Plymouth.  The 
former,  the  work  of  tbe  late  Mr. 
Brunei,  carries  the  railway  at  a  height 
of  100  ft.  above  the  water  from  tbe  hille 
of  Devon  to  those  of  CJomwall,  on  19 
spans  or  arches,  of  which  2  alone 
bridge  tbe  eetua^  in  gigantic  teape  of 
455  ft.  Its  total  length  U  2240  ft.  and 
its  height  260  ft.,  or  SO  ft.  greater 
than  that  of  the  Monument.  From  tbe 
Saltaab  Bly.  Stat.,  situated  at  W. 
end  of  the  bridge,  persons  are  allowed 


n  payment  o 
(Jnn:   Greei 


each.  At  Balia»h  (Inn:  Green 
Dr^on)  is  a  "Sanifonum,"  whero 
acres  of  gronnd  are  covered  with  glass, 
under  which  tons  of  grapes  are  pro- 


duced.  About  2  m.  above,  tbe  Tav; 
joina  the  Tamor,  the  land  between  tlie 
two  riverB  being  ooveted  with  the 
beantiful    woods    of    Warltigh   (W. 


arduMLogiat  should  hj  all  meens  linit 
tbe  Cb.  of  Beer  Ferrtre.-  8ee  Tavii- 
toek.2  Opposite  the  mouth  of  tbe 
Tav;,  and  on  the  it  bank  of  the 
Tamar,  is  the  old  Ch.  of  Landulph, 
remarkable  for  containing  the  tomb  of 
l^ieodore  Palaologui,  a  deBcendant  of 
the  emperors  of  ■'  the  East"  The 
river  scene  non  become  more  de- 
lightful, and  on  the  Cornwall  side  is 
passed  in  Btuwession  PentiUie  CatlU; 
Ct'tMe;  and  Galiloek.  The  tourist 
must  not  omit  to  visit  GoOuie  (Countess 
Dowagei  of  Ht.-Edgcnmbe),  a  moat 
interesting  old  manor  house,  temp. 
Hen.  VII.,  ehamiiigly  situated,'  and 
full  of  interesting  ancient  furniture 
and  flttiugs.  It  is  a  ve^  short  dis- 
tance tiom  the  landing  place  at  Cal- 
■tock.  The  eicuraion  bejond  Cal- 
Bto(&  is  describe  under  that  place. 

(b)  Oreaton  Quarries  and  Saitram 
will  contribute  to  another  dav's  plea- 
ETura  They  lie  just  E.  of  Plymouth, 
and  should  be  reached  bj  boat  up  the 
Gatwater.  Tbe  quarrjet  fumiehed  all 
the  limestone  for  the  Breakwater. 
On  the  lull  above  is  thefortorSIatn- 
ford  iffU,  the  site  of  an  ancient  aeme- 
tery  (late  Celtic  period),  where  nume- 
rous interesting  rehcs  were  discovered, 
which  sre  now  depusited  in  tbe  Mu- 
seum of  the  Plymontb  At^enmum 
(see  anie),  and  are  described  in  the 
'  Arobieologia,'  vol.  il.  At  tbe  Laira 
Bridge  the  Catwatet  changes  its  name 
t«  tbe  Laira,  along  the  E.  shore  of 
which  are  tbe  woods  of  Saltram, 
beautiful  property  of  tbe  £arl  of 
Morley.  The  mansiDn  contains  a 
ma^iuificent  collection  of  paintings, 
formed  ohiefly  by  Sir  Josbua  Rey- 

(c)  £icU«^ft  Fofc,  open  to  thepublic 
Uondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Saturdays, 
may  be  reached  either  Stom  Bickleigli 
Stat.  T{  m.,  or  by  ascending  tbe  shore 
of   the   Lairn   to  *'"  '  —  -■-■■—    -^ 


Fljim  Bridge  (abont  3  m.  from  I 


month),  where  the  ' 
Climb  the  liiU  }  m.  leading  to  Plymp- 
ton  and  adjoining  the  bridge,  where 
are  also  some  picturesque  rnins,  to 
enjoy  the  flue  view.  From  the  bndge 
fuUow  the  path  along  the  river  to 
Cann  Quarry,  thence  to  Bickleigh 
Bridge  (3  m.  N.  of  Plym  Bridge),  from 
which  the  village  of  Biekleigh  (Jnn: 
Maristowe  Arms)  is  about  1  m.  to  1. 
The  Ch,  deserves  notice,  and  a  path 
leads  across  tbe  fields  to  the  entrance 
of  Ibe  Valiejj  of  (he  Cad  at  Shaugh 
Bridge,  a  smgularly  wild  and  ro- 
mantic spot  where  the  Meaty  and  the 
Cad  unite  to  form  the  Plym.  Step- 
ping stones  oroBSiug  the  stream  lead 
to  a  path  which  winds  to  the  summit 
of  tbe  DeatrrtUiM.  Above  the  bridge, 
a  road  leads  to  the  village  of  ShangK 
Prior  (Inn .-  ^e  Thorn  Tree),  this  and 
tbe  adjacent  VaUey  of  tbe  Cad  pre- 
senting one  of  tbe  wildest  scenes  im- 
aginable. 

(d)  The  Eddytlone  Lighthoii»e  is 
14  m.  from  Plymouth,  and  there  ate 
frequent  steamboat  excnrsions  during 
the  summer,  but  passengers  are  seldom 
landed.  It  was  Unisbed  in  1759;  is 
lUO  ft.  high  and  26  ft  in  diameter.  A 
full  and  intemrting  account  of  the 
building  will  be  found  in  Bmiles' '  Lives 
of  the  Engineers'  (vol.  ii.  SmeatonV 

(e)  St.  Oeimani  (8Ut),  7  m.  by 
road  and  10  m.  by  water  l^m  Saltasb, 
and  a  favourite  boat  excursion  of  about 
14  m.  &om  Plymouth  (Jnn;  Eliot 
Arms).  Tlie  Oh.  is  of  great  mtereat, 
and  marks  the  site  of  the  cathedral  of 
the  Cornish  bishopric  from  its  first 
establisbment,  temp,  Athelstan,  to  its 
final  union  with  the  See  of  iilieter 
under  the  Confessor.  Obderre  espe^ 
cially  the  interior  of  the  two  Norman 
towers  and  a  veiy  ancient  "  Miserere." 
Port  Eliot  (Earl  of  St  Gennans)  ad- 
joins, and  is  well  stored  with  paintings 
by  Kembrandt,  Opie,  Beynolds,  &c. 

(/)  Dartmoor  (see)  is  best  reached 
from  Plymouth  by  proceeding  to  Hor- 
Tobridae  Stat  (llj  m.).  The  walk  of 
6  m,  thence  t*  Prince  Town  (a  good 
Jnn:  The  Duchy  Hotel)  is  strongly 
recommended.  Near  this  inn  is  the 
celebrated  prison. 

PoLEBBOOB,  see  Ovrntte. 


FOSfEFBACT^FOOLE. 


PoifEER,  see  Sehion. 

PoLPEBBO,  see  Lizard. 

FoLSUAK,  «ee  St.  AiaUU. 

PoNSEBS  Ems  «ee  BnJiM. 

PoMT  Abebolasllth',  aee  Beddge- 
Url. 

Pontefmct  (Yorfcsliiie).8t(it, 
Lame  Jt  Yoikfji.  KIt.  JniM:  Green 
Dragon ;  Elephant;  Bed  Lion. 

Ponb/roef,  often,  but  not  on  the 
spot,  called  Pomfrtt,  is  a  clean  town 
mtU  broad  etreets  uid  a  very  fine 
narket.  The  locky  heigiht  covered 
with  trees,  which  rises  1.  near  the 
station,  is  the  site  of  the  CatUe,  which 
is  closely  associated  with  some  of  the 
gTcflt  erents  in  English  history. 

Architecturally  the  remains  of  the 
costie  are  of  liUIe  value,  but  for  the 
military  antiquary  few  places  have 
more  attruction.  The  summit  of  the 
Toek,  about  7  acres,  was  enclosed  by  a 
curtain  wall,  with  towers  at  equal  dis- 
tanoos.  A  deep  fosse  encircled  the 
whole  rock.  There  are  3  wards,  N., 
8..  and  middle.  There  is  a  curious 
rock  staircase  in  the  middle  vaid. 
The  2  great  round  towers  at  the  base 
of  the  keep  deserve  attention.  The 
keep  is  reached  by  a  long  flight  of 
steps.  From  the  lesser  tower  of  the 
keep  a  narrow  staircase  leads  down  to 
a  sally  port.  On  the  N.  aide  of  the 
castle  is  a  long  subterranean  passa^, 
which  terminates  at  Uie  bottom  in 
3  or  4  small  chambers,  hollowed  out  of 
Uie  solid  rock.  Two  other  subterra- 
nean passages  exist  in  the  town ; 
of  them  is  a  winding  staircase,  below 
the  street,  out  with  great  care ;  at  the 
bottom  of  90  steps  it  ends  with  a  well. 
Blchard  II.  died  in  the  Castle,  and  a 
loom  in  tho  Red  Tower  is  pointed  out 
as  the  place  of  his  confinement. 

The  area  of  the  castle  is  planted 
with  liquorice. 

Bolow  the  castle  u  AR  Saint£  Ch. 
— the  old  church  of  Pontefraot — which 
was  ruined  during  the  siege  of  the 
castle  by  Cromwell.  There  are  scanty 
remains  of  nave,  choir,  and  aialea; 
and  in  1337  the  central  tower  and 
transepts  were  retired  and  fitted  for 
divine  worship.  The  tower  (Perp.) 
contains  a  double  geometrical  r'^-" 
case  worth  noUoe. 


A  little  beyond  All  Saints*  Cb., 
outside  the  town,  on  ground  called 
"  Monk  BiU,"  are  the  ecanty  lemaiiu 
of  a  Cluniac  Priory,  founded  in  the 
reign  of  William  Itufns. 

Notlel  Priorj/  and  Walton  HaU,  a 
abort  distance  from  the  Crofton  Slut. 
OD  the  liike  to  Wakefield,  may  be 
visited  fi«m  Pontefract  (See  Wai&- 
field.) 

Pont  Ebwtd,  see  Aberyitviifh. 

Pont  Nbath  Vauohab,  see  Aher- 
dare. 

PoNTRtLAB,  see  Hereford. 

Ponlypool  (Monm.).  1  m.  by 
rail  f^m  Pontypool.road  June  and 
8i  ra.  from  Newport.  From  Poaty- 
pool-road  the  train  occupies  1 J  hr.  to 
Hereford  ;  1}  hr.  to  Monmouth ,-  2  hrs. 
(nearly)  to  Rosa ;  and  }  hr.  to  Aber- 
gavenny, Inn:  Crown.  Tlie  town 
is  beautifully  sitoated.  An  excnrsion 
should  be  made  (a)  to  Cnimlin  (StsL), 

5  m,,  to  see  the  famous  viaduct  and 
the  magnificent  view  along  and 
below  it;  (b)  walk  up  the  hiU-sidev 
skirting  the  Park  {Hs,ab\xij  Leigh, 
Esq.),  to  the  Folly,  on  one  of  the 
slopes  of  the  Bloienge,  which  com- 
mands  a    magnificent    view.      It   is 

6  m.  by  road  to  Oift. 
Pontypridd      (Olomorgan.J. 

June.  Stat.,  TaflT  Vale  Rly.  Innt: 
Now  Tnn  ;  White  Hart.  Not  far  ftom 
the  station  is  thowell  known  bridge,  "a 
djigle  arch  spanning  the  Taff,  IM  fl. 
span,  completed  1755  l^  a  self-taught 
country  mason,  Wm.  Edwards,"  wlwse 
history  is  related  at  length  in  the 
'Pursuit  of  Knowledge,' vol.  ii.  p.  353. 
The  neighbourhood  is  very  pretty,  and 
some  cnarmine  excursions  may  be 
made  np  the  valley  of  the  Ubondda. 

Pool  Pabe,  see  Suthin. 

Poole  (Dorset).  Slat,  S.W.BIy. 

regularly  to  Saaaage  and  back,  12  m. 
Iniu:  London  H.;  Antelope  U.  An 
old  town  situated  on  an  extenave 
estuary.  It  is  pierced  by  a  High-street 
a  mile  in  length  and  terminated  to- 
wards the  watur  by  capacious  quays 
well  lined  with  Hhipping.  It  is  tSe 
principal  seaport  of  the  ooun^.  Its 
chief  activity  is  in  the  ooastins  bade : 
its  imports  being  timber,  grain,  and 


POOLS-POltTLAND. 


351 


coal ;  and  its  exports,  potter's  da;  (of 
Tvhich  about  60,000  tons  are  aant  away 
annually)  and  pitwood,  for  Wales  and 
the  North.  Snip-bailding  is  cairied 
on,  and  potteries  have  sprung  into 
active  operation  in  the  neighbourhood. 


The  anbarb  of  Parkatime,  on  the 
road  to  Boumemoulh,  is  a  very  attmo- 
tive  qmt,  and  on  the  high  levels  and 
Bpura  of  the  hilla  many  b^utifol  villas 
are  erectt^. 

Mccuriioni  may  be  made  to  Branh- 
gea  /gland ;  8uxmage ;  Corfe  Catlle  (see 
WaTeham) ;  Creeek  Barrom  {see  Ware- 
Aain) ;  the  AggUsiiyae  (see  Sviaaage) ; 
Stiidland  (st-e  Baaaage) ;  Bindoa 
Abbey  (aee  tfarehnnj ;  and  ladaotih 
Castle.  Bouraetaov^,  4}  m.,  and  Wim- 
iome  Minatttr,  6  m.,  are'  also  -within 
aas^  reaoli  by  toad  or  rail. 

FooLKT  Bbidqe,  see  Foiierdale  and 
PetirHh. 
POBLOOK,  see  Li/nUm. 
PoRTHCAWL,  see  Cardiff. 
PoBTHLEvsK,  Bee  HeMon. 
POBTiNsOALE,  see  Ketwicie. 
Portlnnd,  20  minutes  by  rail, 
and  the  same  by  steamer,  from  Wey- 
moulh,  is  a  rooky  peninsDla  slopil^  m 
a  loDg  inclined  plane  from  a  height  of 
495  ft,  at  the  Feme  to  30  ft.  abova  the 
sea-level  at  its  southern   extremity, 
known  as  the  Bill  of  Poritand.    It  is 
about  9  m.  in  circnmfersnce,  4}  m. 
length,  and  nearly  2  m.  wide.   It  offers 
a  peculiarly  intoresting  field  for  goo- 
logical  research  in  ild  uniqae  dirt'bed 
and  fossil  trees,  and  its  alternations 
of  marine  Sind  frcah-water  deposits 
(see  Mr.  Dawson's  '  Geology  of  Wey- 
mouth and   Portland').      The  chief 
points  of  Interest  are  the  Cheail  Beach, 
which  extend  lOJ  m.  to  Abbotebun/, 
having  on  its  £.  side  a  narrow  channel 
called  the  Fleet,  and  exposed  o 
other  side  to  the  fury  of  (i.  and 
jjales.    Tho  pebbles  increase  in 
from  W.  to  E.    "  The  true  explanation 
of  this  phenomenon  is  doubt! 
the  tidal  current  runs  strongest  from 
W.  to  G.,  and  its  power  is  greater  in 
tike  more  open  channel  or  farther  from 


the  laad ;  the  size  of  the  masses  which 
carried  from  the  W.  and  thrown 
ashore,  being  largest  where  the  motion 
of  the  water  is  most  violent" — Lj/elL 
Between  the  railway  station  and  the 
pier  is  Portland  CaiUe,  built  by 
Hen.  YIU.  (interior  not  shown) 
after  his  return  from  the  "Field  of 
the  Cloth  of  Gold."  The  island  is 
but  one  parish,  but  it  is  divided  into 
"  hamlets. 

Chetilton,  where  is  the  railway  sta- 
tion. Vehicles  may  be  hired  here  for 
a  drive  to  the  Breakwater,  }  m.  (see 
poll),  and  ronnd  the  island,  a  pleasant 


IP  the  hill  to  meet  Fortiaufi  WelL 
'^Inn :  Portland  Anns,  where  may  be 
teen  the  Beeve  Staff,  "  a  sort  of  wooden 
Domesday  book,"  containing  a  record 
of  everv  estate  in  the  island,  which  is 
a  royal  manor),  and  oontinoing  the 
;ent  reaches  Verne  hill,  from  which 
magniflcent  view  of  the  beach,  Ac., 
_.  obtained,  and  where  are  impreg- 
nable fortifications.  Immediately  to 
the  rt.  are  the  quarries,  in  aom^  of 
which  the  convicts  may  be  seen  at 
work.  At  the  S.E.  extremity  of  these, 
in  a  part  of  the  island  called  tho 
Grove,  is  the  Convict  Pruoa  (admission 
by  order  from  the  Secretary  of  State, 
or  by  permission  of  the  Governor, 
6.  (Sifton,  Esq.).  It  is  a  place  full 
of  interes^  and  the  stranger  will  be 
amazed  with  the  wonderfol  internal 
arrangements,  and  with  the  perfect 
order,  discipline,  &a.,  which  pervade 
tho  whole  premises.  The  convicts 
may  be  known  by  their  dress,  blue 
and  white  striped  "slop"  and  cap  in 
sninmer,  and  a  brownish-grey  jacket, 
and  striped  oil-aUn  hat  in  winter. 
Just  before  reaching  the  prison  will 
be  seen  the  Bom.  Gath.  Chapel,  boilt 
and  decorated  entirely  by  convicts ; 
also  the  Prison  Schools  and  School- 
house  adjoining.  A  walk  of  a  few 
minutes  from  the  entrance-gate  of  tho 
prison  will  lead  to  Coce  of  Church 
Hope,  containing  Pennsylmnia  CasUe, 
and  on  a  chff  overhanging  the  sea. 
the  minons  old  keep  of  Bow  and 
ArroiB  Cattle,  said  to  have  been  btult 
by  William  Bufus.  Here  also  are  the 
ruins  of  the  old  parish  chnrch.    Con- 


FOBTMADOC-POBTSXODTE. 


tinning  the  walk  tonardi  the  B.  end 
of  the  inland,  it  reached  Cave  haU.^ 
and  about  1  m.  beyond,  Portland  BUI, 

a  caatellated  mow  of  rooks,  having  2 
lighthouMis.  3  m.  9.E.  of  the  SiU  u 
the  Bondbaok  called  the  8hanJiU», 
between  which  and  the  land  the  tide 
nishea  with  extraordinary  force,  raising 
a  dangerouB  aurf  known  as  the  Sact 
of  Portiand.  The  ieland  yields  every 
year  a  quantity  of  arrowroot^roduoed 
from  the  root  of  the  Aram.  The  Break- 
waler,  forming  the  largest,  artificial 
harbotir  in  the  world,  was  commenced 
in  1617.  The  prelimioBriet  completed, 
H.B.H.  the  late  Prince  Consort  depo- 
sited the  fint  stone  on  ■i5th  July,  lSi9. 
Upon  the  same  spot,  H.R.M.  the  Prince 
of  Wales  laid  the  last  stone,  and  de- 
clared the  work  completed  on  the  10th 
Angnat.  1872.  Nearly  G,000,000  tons 
of  stone  have  beeo  put  into  the  sea 
for  its  oouBtruction ;  about  1000  con- 
Tiots  were  employwl,  and  the  total 
cost  has  exceeded  1,000,0001.  The 
first  portioa  of  the  breakwater  runs 
ftora  the  shore  due  E.  for  about  1800  ft. 
Then  cornea  an  opening  of  41)0  ft., 
and  the  outer,  or  main,  breakwater, 
6000  ft.  m  length,  extends  in  a  N.E. 
direction,  termioated  by  a  strong  cir- 
cular foit. 

JPortmadoc  (Caematron.), 
Stal,  247  m.  from  Paddington,  via 
Shrewsbury,  Welshpool,  and  Cam- 
brian Rly.  i  1  hr.  50  roiu.  bv  laU 
&om  Caernarvon ;  f  hr.  from  Pwllheli ; 
}  hi.  &om  Harlech;  IJ  hr.  from  Ffes- 
tinicw;  included  in  L.  &  N.  W.  New 
N.  Walee  Circalar  Tour.  Inm: 
*Qneen'B,  dose  to  the  station ;  Sports- 
man, in  the  town.  A  rising  little 
port,  which  exports  slates  from  the 
neighbouring  Ffestiniog  quarries:  the 
tourist  should  pay  a  visit  to  the  wharf, 
where  he  will  see  every  size  and 
variety  of  slate,  as  well  as  the  iu- 
genioui  instrument  used  for  cutting 


Maddocks  Arms  H.,  comfortable) 
crosses  the  land  recovered  from  the  sea. 
About  I  m.  W.  of  Tremadoo  is  Pta- 
mor/a ;  an  easy  ascent  may  be  made 
hence  to  Mod  aebog,  whence  is  noble 
view  (see  Bedt^clgrt).  Hence  it  ii  am. 


ntaen,  *i  m.;  between  this  and  LJan- 
ystnmdwy,  on  the  banks  of  the  Dwy- 
fawr,  still  exist  some  cromlechs  ;  fVom 
Dolbenmaen  it  is  161  m.  to  Goer- 
mrvon.  The  beet  excursion  ia  frpm 
Tremadoo  to  the  very  lovely  Poni- 
AbenlatUyn,  6}  a.,  whence  it  ia  1  j  m. 
to  Beddgdert.  Hence  the  exciusiOB 
may  be  continued  S  m.  through  the 
lovely  vale  of  Naot  Gwyuant  to 
Peuygwryd,  whence  it  is  4  m.  L  to 
Llanbirii,  through  pass  of  Llanberis, 
or  4  m.  rt.  to  Oapd  Curig,  by  Nant- 
y^wryd.  To  iftn-y-bmldt  (Oakley 
Arms  SoUl),  7  m.  by  the  embank- 
ment, aud  small  rly.  passing  Plat 
Peiirhjfn  and  Caiile  iMndroetA  (see 
Beddgderf). 

To  Sarledi,  10  m.  by  direct  road 
(20m.thtou^TBn-y-b«lch)i  at  about 
5  m.  from  Portmadoc,  lying  1  m.  L 
from  high  loadiis  the  mountain  village 
of  Llaiideowyn,  about  midway  between 
LlynTecwyn,  UchafaodLlynlsaf.  A 
little  8.E.  of  latter  is  Afount  IMp&u^i 
(HoCtI .-  Queen's),  whence  is  a  splendid 
view  of  promontory  of  Lleyn,  Bay  of 
Cardigan,  Cadet  Idris  and  other  moun- 
tains :  the  fishing  in  the  lakes,  the  in- 
teresting geology,  aud  beantiful  sce- 
nery will  well  repay  an  excnrsioa  to 
this  district  A  pleaaant  trip  may 
be  made  by  steamer  to  Bardsey  island 
(see  Aherdaron). 

The  geology  of  the  oountiy  aMnnd 
Portmadoc  and  Tremadoc  is  very  in- 
tereettog,  affording  in  tlie  lower  Lin- 
gula  Flags  plentiful  specimens  of  Lin- 
gula  Davisii,  so  much  affected  by 
cleavage  as  to  have  assum^  forms  of 
distinct  genera. 


Caernarvon,  via  Aibnwen,   1 

min.;  BndloTBn-j-bwlob,^Myn&brd 

Jouo.,  %  hr. 

FoBTHSLUs,  see  Bt  JuifeQ. 

PoBTBEiTH,  see  BedmOi. 

Pommoutb  (Hants),  74  m. 
by  direct  railway  route  &oin  Waterloo 
via  Godalmiue,  and  85  m.  by  L.  B.  Jt 
S.  C.  Sly.  «i(!  Dorking,  Hocabain,  and 


CbicheBter.  The  tune  occnpicd  from 
Xjondon  ia  nearly  the  same  in  botli 
roatee.  The  line  now  ends  at  Porle- 
mouth  H&rbonr,  enabling  pasaengeis 
to  embark  at  once  on  boaid  tlie 
steamers  fbr  tbe  lale  of  Wight.  Inns : 
in  Foitamouth  —  Georee;  Star  and 
Oartei:  Dolphin;  Welliagtou;  York; 
and  Pier.  In  PortEea  —  EeppeU's 
Head,  close  to  rl;.  etat  and  iJbart 
Pier,  and  good  quarters  for  bachelora ; 
TotterdelVa.  At  Londport— Bedford ; 
Snseex.  At Sonthsea— Pier ;  Queen's; 
iloyal  Beach  Mansion ;  Portland ; 
Castle.  Fieri;  Eoyal  Albert,  Port- 
sea  ;  Tictotia,  Fortemonth ;  (Weace 
EBpIanade,  Sonthsea.  Steamara  plj 
frequently    daily    between     each     " 


The  Itiflh  ateameiB  odl  for  Plymouth 
<19  hrs,).  Falmouth  (25  hra.),  and 
JDufciin  (5i  hrs.)  evecy  Monday  Bnd 
Thltrsday,  at  8  a,».  ;  and  for  London 
every  Tuesday  and  Saturday  after- 
noon. Porttmouth,  Porliea,  Landport, 
nnd  Souiksea,  are  included  in  Portiea 
Island,  a  level  ttaot  abont  i  m.  from 
N.  to  S.,  and  2J  m.  from  E.  to  W. 
Gotport  liee  on  the  W.  eide  of  the 
harbour,  oppoaite  Portemoutb ;  n  float- 
iog  bridge  plies  between  the  two 
every  10  minutes,  and  steam-launches 
from  the  Albert  Pier  alao  every  10 
minutea.  Part  of  the  honae  (11 
High-street)  in  which  the  mnrder  of 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham  (1628)  tnok 
place  still  remains.  Two  other  his- 
torical events  are  the  execution  or 
Admiral  Byng,  1757,  and  the  einkine, 
in  1782,  of  the  "  Royal  George."  with 
the  loss  of  Admiral  Kempenfelt  and 
''  twice  four  hundred  men."  Besides 
St.  Thomat's  Church,  in  St.  Thoniss's- 
street,  and  the  Gairitoa  Chapel,  on 
the  Parade,  the  tourist  will  find  little 
to  attract  him  in  the  town  of  Ports- 
mouth itself.  The  former,  dedicated 
to  Thomas  A'Becket,  was  buUt  oirc. 
temp.  Henry  II.,  and  the  nave  and 
tower  were  rebuilt  about  1698.  The 
bells  and  the  copper-gilt  vane  in 
the  form  of  a  ship  were  presented, 
1710,  by  Prince  George  of  Denmark. 
On  the  S.  side  of  the  chancel  ia  a 
liideoua  memorial  (cenotaph)  for  the 
murdered  Duke  of  Buddngham.   The 


„  lor  of  the  ob.  contoins  an  entry 
of  the  marriage  of  Charlea  II.  to 
Catherine  of  Bragonza,  1662.  The 
Garrison  Chapel,  a  short  diatance  E., 
is  a  very  inteiesting  building.  Its 
chancel  was  the  chapel,  and  its  nave 
the  hall,  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, or  "God'a  House,"  founded  by  a 
bi^p  of  Winchester,  temp.  Henry  HI. 
In  it  the  marriage  oC  Charles  IL  took 
place.  It  ia  now  a  fine  E.-E.  building, 
restored  by  Street,  with  iiumerons  me- 
morial windows,  and  with  42  carved 
oak  stalls,  in  memory  of  Wellington, 
Nelson,  the  Napiera,  Ac.  The  aacra- 
mentoi  plate  was  the  gift  of  Queen 
Aune,  and  the  very  handsome  scTvice- 
books  that  of  George  HI.  The  visitor 
should  witness  the  guard-mounting, 
which  takes  place  daily  on  the  Grand 
Parade  at  11  a.m.  Military  bands 
play,  during  the  summer  months,  on 
'^e  military  parade  ground  known 
s  "Governors  Green,"  where  occa- 
ionally  the  interesting  ceremony  of 
trooping  the  colours "  ia  performed. 
The  Naval  Club  Souse,  a  spacions  and 
handsome  building,  focea  Qovemor's 
Orcen.  The  chief  BarroA)!  and  mili- 
tary gymnaaium  are  also  in  Ports- 
mouth. The  principal  object  of  intarest 
is  undoubtedly  the  celebrated  Dock- 
yard, the  entrance  to  which  (with  the 
date  1711  over  it)  is  by  the  Common 
Hard,  a  qnay  or  sea-terrace  in  Portiea. 
Hours  tl:nr  admission  are  from  10  to 
12.  and  11  to  3  (12  lo  1  is  dinner- 
time).  Native  Englishmen  require  no 
introduction.  Foreigners  matt  have 
an  order  from  the  Admiralty.  On 
entering,  the  JWoef  House  ia  on  1.  Sus- 
pended from  one  of  the  beams  is  a 
small  piece  of  rope  coble  rccovarBd 
from  the  wreck  of  the  Soyal  George. 
The  visitor  will  alao  notice  some  of 
the  mast  gear  of  the  ill-&ted  ships 
Captain  and  Eurydiee.  On  rt  is  tho 
Boat  HoKte,  containing  boats  of  every 
description  used  in  the  uavy ;  also  a 
pinnace  from  H.M.S.  Captoi'n.  Be- 
yond is  the  Matt  Shed,  in  which  is 
a  collapsible  boat.  Recraesicg  to  the 
opposite  siilo  and  at  Ibo  end  of  the 
maat  house  is  one  of  tho  JIfiuter  Slor- 
lions.  or  ticket  offices,  where  an  inge- 
nious method  is  adopted  for  the  rapid 


254 


POSTSMOVTB—PRESCOT. 


'a  attendance. 


regi^ttstioQ  of  the 

Next  in  older  are  i 
the  top  of  ODe  of  them  a  Clock,  the 
minDte  hand  of  which  is  7  feet  long ; 
behind  those  Btorehoiuea  ia  the  Sema- 
phore, from  the  top  of  which  may  be 
obtained  a  fine  view  of  the  town,  hai- 
boar,  and  dockyard.  Betnming  to  the 
main  road  and  pagsins  Anchor  Lane, 
the  old  Ropery,  and  Slip  Basin,  the 
visitor  Teaches  the  Bloek  MiUt.  Here 
he  maj  see  a  block  began  and  finished 
in  all  ila  stages,  in  10  or  12  minates. 
The  machinery  waa  designed  and 
constnioted  by  the  lB.to  Sir  laambard 
Brunei.  Neitia  the  Sjniifers;  notice 
small  anchor  over  S.  doorway,  with 
inscription.  The  steam-hammers, 
shearing  and  punching  machines,  and 
the  "Oliver"  machines  for  making 
bolts  and  rivets,  ore  the  chief  objects 
of  interest  here.  On  north  side  of 
the  shop  see  the  machine  for  making 
block  pins,  together  with  the  CiraJaT 
Saw  for  cutting  hot  iron.  Beyond 
the  smithery  are  the  various  Blips, 


Caavict  Prison  is  In  Anchorgate-road, 
Pottaea.  Off  the  Dociyard  lie  the 
"Victo^,"  the  old  wooden  ship  in 
which  Nelson  died,  and  the  "  Duke  of 
Wellington,"  the  flag-ship  of  the  Port 
Admiral.  Divine  service  m  the  latter, 
at  10  A.M.,  should  be  atbmded  by  any 
stranger  spending  Sunday  at  Ports- 
mouth.  At  the  Gun  Wharf,  near  the 
harbour  rly.  stat.,  the  chief  attraction 
is  the  Jraioury,  containing  interesting 
specimens  of  ancient  armour.  In  the 
Btorehonaes  is  deposited  the  most 
approved  and  newest  war  material. 
Across  the  harbour,  at  Gospoti,  beside 
hagu  barracks,  is  the  Royal  Clarence 
Vi^valUng  Yard,  a  vast  establish- 
ment, weU  worth  seeing.    The  pro- 


a  of   t 


I  the 


Balcery  ia  exceedingly  remarkable. 
About  1  m.  S.  of  Gosport,  and  beyond 
the  Blockhouso  Fort,  is  Haelar  Hot- 
pital,  for  sick  or  wounded  soldiers  and 
sailors.   Beyond,  and  near  the  extceme 

Cint  of  the  W,  side  of  the  harbour 
own  as  GiUkieker  Point,  is  Fort 
Moncklon,  from  which  the  line  of  de- 
fence is  oontinued  as  &r  aa  Brown- 


doten,  nearly  2  m.     Between   tbefc 
points   ia  the  "measored   mile"   in 
StokM  Bay,  for  t««ting  the  speed  of 
Government  vessels.     Facing  the  bay 
is  the  litfJe  watering-place  ot  Angle- 
ua.    A  branch  of  the  L.  4  S.  W.  Ely. 
from  Goeport  runs  to  the  water's  edge, 
whence  steamers  ply  in  about  J  hr.  lo 
Hyde.    Beturning  to  Portsmonth,  and 
proceeding  along  the   shore   S.E.   of 
the  town,  the  visitor  soda  arrives  st 
the  extensive  aubuib  of  Soitthaea  (for 
Inm,  V.  supra),  now  a  much-freqiienteii 
and  Etsbiooable  watering-place.     Tho 
Common,  the  Pier,  and  the  Eaplanade 
afford     most    pleasant    promenades. 
First-rate  military  bauds  play  on  the 
Pier  daily  (mostly  both  in  the  aiter^ 
noon  and  evening).   The  Isle  of  Wight 
steamers  call  Irequently  at  tho  Pier. 
Souihtea  CasSe,  1  m.  along  the  shoi^ 
was  one  of  the  forts  of  Heniy  VUL 
The   &mo<is    roadstead    of   Spilhead 
(named  from  the  "  Spit,"  a  sandbank 
about  3  m.  long,  stretching  8.R  trrm 
QillMcker  Point),  lyin  g  between  Ports- 
mouth and  the  Isle  of  Wight,  is  a  well- 
known  rendezvous  of  the  British  navy. 
W.  of  Spithead  is  the  Mutherbajji, 
now  used   as   a  quarantine   station. 
From  Eavant  Juno.  Stat.,  7}  m.  from 
PortanouOi,  a  branch  line  of  4  m. 
runs  to  Souih  Eayting,  a  slowly  rising 
watering  -  place    in   Sayling    Jilana, 
which  is  4  m.  long  and  about  2  m. 
broad  (Inn:  *Boyal  Hotel).    Instead 
of  proceeding  by  rail  from   Havant, 
the  tourist  can  walk  throngb  greai 
lanes  to  the  little  fishing  village  of 
Langttcn,  and  then   cross   the  loll-    ' 
bridge.    He  may  also  reach  Hayling 
from  Southsea  or  Portsmouth  by  walk- 
ing 3  m.  or  4  m.  E.  t«  Fort  CJumber- 
land,  thence  by  ferry  to  Langeton,  and 
along  tho  beach.    The  Ch.  at  South 
Hayling  is  a  very  intcresUng  budding. 
A  company  is  in  course  of  formation      I 
for  the   pu^>ose  of  snperseding  tba 
present  rowing-boat   ferry  at  Lang- 
aUsa  1^  a  floating-bridge,  similar  m 
character  to  that  plying  between  P<at»- 
mouth  and  Gosport  ' 

Page  Bbiikib,  see  Durfmoor. 

POTTeBSE,  see  Deftzes. 

PoisiNoa,  see  Brighbm. 

IPrescot  (LancsahiieX  BM.,  L, 


PBESTON—PtrnSECK,  ISLE  OF. 


mended.  A  fimatl  and  quiet  tovn;  ia 
remaxkable  priucip&IIy  for  the  number 
of  people  engaged  in  tbe  watcb-makiDg 
trade.  Here  Kiitnble,  the  ttegodiau, 
\TaB  born.  The  Cb.  ia  conspicuons  for 
its  lofty  spire.  1S6  ft.  high,  and  has  a 
carved  timber  roof.  Monuments :  (a)  to 
Mr.Athertonby  Wutmacotl;  C6)efflEy 
of  CVt.  C^le,  17th  cent  1  m.  N.W. 
is  Ktwteeley,  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of 
Derb^  since  1885.  The  pork  is  2000 
acres  in  extent,  and  entered  by  1  lodges. 
The  greatest  portion  of  the  mansion 
<irea  boilt  by  the  10th  Earl  (temp.  tieo. 
n.),  from  deaignB  by  Foiler.  In  the 
E.  front  ia  the  cbapel,  and  on  (ho  S.  u 
corridor,  with  a  lonj;  inscription  in  mo- 
mory  of  tho  Tth  Earl,  beheaded  at 
Bolton.  In  t)ie  Hall  ore  paintings  by 
Rubena,  VanderTelde,  Berobrandt,  Te- 
niera,  Claude  Lorraine,  &c.,  and  in- 
teresting family  portraits. 

Preston  (Lancashire).  June. 
Stat.,  L.  ft  N.  W.  and  L.  ft  Y.  Rlya. 
in  Fiahergate.  Also  tail  from  Maud- 
land  Stat,  to  Longridge,  ej  m.  Inni : 
Bull,  in  tiie  town;  "Victoria,  cloae  to 
Stat  Foft^gice  in  Lancaster-road. 
Preston  ia  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
beauUfuUy  situated  towns  in  the 
county,  occupying  a  conspicuous  posi- 
tion on  the  steep  N.  bank  »S  the  Kibble, 
which  here  becomes  tidal  (good  row  and 
soiling  boats  for  hii'c),  and  orerlooking 
the  ancient  district  of  Amounderness. 
Its  striking  position,  and  the  wealth  of 
its  inhabitants,  obtained  the  name  of 
"  Proud  Pi«slon."  The  chief  bttildings 
of  interest  are  all  in  or  near  the  Fiaher- 
gate. The  Toan  Salt  is  a  superb 
modem  pfle  by  G.  6.  Srott,  of  E.-E. 
style,  blended  witti  continental  fea- 
tures. The  tower  ia  197  ft.  high.  The 
great  hall  is  lavishly  ornamented,  and 
Uiere  is  in  the  S.  vestihula  some  wall 
pictures  representing  a  guild  procession 
in  the  time  of  Henir  VIII.  On  the 
ground-floor  ia  the  Exdiange,  the  gra- 
nite pillars  of  which  ore  worth  notice. 
St  Mn't  (pari^)  Church  (rebuilt),  in 
Church-street,  has  esoeUent  stained 
glasB,  and  a  b«autifiil  reredos  iu  Vene- 
tian mosaic,  erected  by  Sir  Henry  de 
Uc^hton,  lay  rector.     St.  Wi^pttrgw 


(R  C.  ch.  in  Mandland)  is  waU  worth 
a  visit  for  its  E,-E.  architecture.  In 
Winckley-aqoare,  between  Fishcrgat* 
and  the  river,  is  a  Literary  Inntitution 
wiUi  a  good  Mueeum.  The  Avenham 
(pronounced  Aneham)  and  Miller 
Parke,  on  the  slopes  of  the  river  side, 
are  charmingly  laid  out  and  planted, 
and  should  certainly  be  visited.  Inthe 
latter  ia  placed  a  fine  statue  of  the  late 
Earl  of  Derby,  sculptured  by  N<^le. " 
JHoor  Pari  is  at  Fulwood,  at  the  N.E. 
outskirt  There  are  laree  Cotton  MtlU 
in  the  town,  Prcaton  having  always 
taken  the  lead  in  this  trade,  and  given 
birth  to  Sir  li.  ArlcwrigM,  the  inventor 
of  the  watorframe  spinning-machine. 
Amongst  the  best  worth  visiting  are 
those  of  Meears.  Horrocks  ft  Miller, 
and  Calvert  &  Son. 

Ej:eVTSions.—(a)  Pentcortham,  1  m. 
lower  down  the  Ribbla,  a  very  pretty 
residential  villnge,  though  once  the 
seat  of  the  Caatle  of  Freslon,  and  a 
famouB  Benedictine  Priory,  (b)  Walton 
Ch.,  2  m.  up  the  Ribble,  contain- 
ing monuments  to  the  Hoghtona  and 
Asshetons.  (c)  By  rail  to  Longridgt 
stoneqnarriea,Gi  JD,  (Inn:  Towneley 
Arma).  (d)  To  HogUon  Tomer,  6  m. 
from  Freslon,  and  If  m.  from  Hoghton 
Stat.,  the  scene  of  James  I.'s  visit  in 
1617  to  Sir  R.  de  Hoghton,  and  where 
he  ordered  the  publication  of  tho  'Book 
of  Sports.'  There  ia  a  magnificent 
view  from  the  gateway. 

pHEBTON  (Sussex),  sec  Brighton. 

pRESTOM  BiasET,  SOB  BucUngham. 

Pbestwold,  see  iotwWoroajA. 

Pbince  Town,  see  liartmoor.     . 

PwTTLBWBLL,  SCO  Soulhend. 

Pbobob,  see  Truro. 

Pbddhob,  see  Neacattle-on-Tyne. 

Pirow.prow»,  see  Dorchetter. 

Puffin    Isl&hd,   see  Bangor   and 


Purbeck,  Isle  of  (Dorset.), 
has  but  little  claim,  tegarded  geogra* 
pbically,  to  the  designation  of  an 
island.  The  eastern  portion  forms  a 
bold  promontory,  divided  from  the 
land  by  the  wide  expanse  of 
I  Harbour.  The  civil  bounda- 
are  oonstituled  by  nothing  more 
marked  than  the  Frome  and  the  little 
m  of  LiKkford  Lake,  which,  rising 
2  A  2 


366 


FWLLSELI. 


ia  the  Fatk  of  Lulwortb  Castle,  nma 
N.,  and  joiiu  the  Frome  near  Holme 
Bridge.  The  bo  called  Itte  tonaa  en 
inegulai  oral  Bome  12  m.  in  length, 
ij  10  m.  in  breadth,  It  is  in  man; 
respects  a  very  interesting  district. 
To  the  admirers  of  fine  scenery  it 
ofTera  the  attmctions  of  a  heatb  ]  0  m. 
in  length,  of  a  range  of  downB  nearly 

.  700  ft.  in  height,  commanding  mag- 
niflcent  views,  and  of  a  rock-bound 
coast,  Bometimea  frontine  the  open  sea, 
sometimes  retiring  in  bays  of  remarh- 
able  beauty.  The  geologist  can  also 
revel  here  m  a  TEuiety  of  strata. 

The  sonthem  part  of  the  district  is 
isolated  by  a  range  of  chalk  hills, 
known  aa  Om  Furbeok  Hills,  mniiing 
down  to  the  see,  at  Handfait  Point, 
between  Btudland  and  Bwanage  Bays, 
to  the  E.,  and  at  Worbarrow  Bay  to 
the  W.,  at  both  of  which  points  the 
chalk  rises  in  lofty  perpendicnlar 
oliftB.  Another  range  of  bills  of  the 
oolitic  formation  runs  nearly  parallel 

'  with  the  chalk  range  to  the  a.  from 
FeverO  Paint  E.  to  Gad  Cliff,  the 
Bouthem  point  of  Worbarrow  Bay, 
W.  Between  these  ranges  lies  a  rich 
and  fertile  undulating  valley  of  the 
Hastings  sands,  II  m.  long  and  from 
I  m.  wide.  Btill  further  S.  between 
the  oolitic  ridge  and  the  sta,  the  coast 
line  presenle  a  series  of  low-level  pas- 
ture lands  in  the  Kimmeridge  strata, 
and  a  succession  of  picturesque  bays, 
extending  from  St,  Aldhelm's  Head 
westward. 

Its  quarries  have  been  worked  from 
a  very  early  period,  supplying  both 
the  shell  marble  so  largely  used  in  the 
decoration  of  our  more  ancient  cathe- 
drals, and  the  freestone  employed 
for  paving  and  building  purposes, 

lilo  geoli^nal  stmoturo  of  the  dis- 
trict is  well  displayed  on  the  cliffs 
between  Studtand  and  Durlston  Head, 
the  beds  dipping  to  the  N.,  and  so 
appearing  in  succession.    The  chief 

£lace  in  the  Isle  of  Purbeck  is  the 
ttle  town  of  Swawige  (which  see). 
PcBLET,  see  Thama. 
Pwllheli  (Caemarvon.%  Stat., 
L.  &  N.  W,  Ely.  (266  m.  from  Euston- 
square);  1  br.  10  min.  by  rail  from 
Caernarvon;   1)  br.  from  Baimontb. 


Innt :  Tower ;  Crown.  A  brisk  little 
seaport,  with  a  flue  beacb  4  m.  long 
and  beantil^illy  clear  water,  whi<£ 
offerunnsualfacilitiesfor bathing.  At 
mouth  of  Uie  port  is  the  pictureaqoe 
GimUt  Bock  or  Carreg-y-WimbilL 

Bjcursimi.— An  interesting-  ezcnr- 
aion  of  about  36  m.  may  be  made  to 
Nevin  (7  m.  N.);  thence  through  the 
promontory  to  Aberdaron,  returning 
by  the  coast  to  Pwllheli.  At  4  m.  is 
Tillago  of  Boduan ;  Boduan  HdU.  (one 
of  Lord  Newborongh's  seats)  is  situ- 
ate just  underneath  Cam  Bodnaat, 
which  rises  900  ft.  abruptly  from  the 

Slain,  and  the  view  from  wbioh  ia 
nely  panoramic.  3  m.  beyond  is 
Nevin,  a  fishing  village  at  foot  of  Cun 
Bodaan.  (Inn.-  Ty^  Cerrig.)  (See 
Criccie^.)  2  m.  SIW,  is  Portii  Din- 
lleyn,  whence  a  road  runs  about  1  m. 
8.  to  village  of  Bdeurn,  where  it 
divides ;  the  I.  route,  wuich  offers  the 
best  scenery,  passes  close  to  foot  of 
Cam  Fadryn  or  Madryn.  At  6  m.  from 
Edeym  is  the  hamlet  of  .Sam  Mafi- 
tern;  the  road  thence  to  Aberdat^m, 

RhoB  Hirwaun  and  by  the  aide  of 
Mynydd  Yatwm,  on  wMch  ia  a  large 
circnlar  camp  called  Caetell  Odo;  from 
Aberdarou  (which  see)  Bardsey  la- 
land  may  be  visited.  On  the  return 
to  Pwllheli  the  coaat  road  to  S,  ahould 
be  followed,  pasaing  villages  of  Llait- 
faelrhyi  and  Ehiut,  which  ia  on  high 
ruggeil  ground  overlooking  tte  sweep 
oE  Forih  iMgdoi  Hell's  Mouth,  dreaded 
for  certain  currents ;  about  4  m.  be- 
yond Rhiw  is  Zianenffan,  noted  for  its 
fine  restored  16th-cent,  church.  In 
Vangian  ch,-yd.  a  little  to  N.  is  an 
inscribed  stone  round  which  ia  a  cu- 
rious sunk  pavement ;  the  scenery  in 
this  neighbourhood  is  well  worth  ai- 
ploting,  especially  at  headland  of 
Tru>yn-ei!an  about  3  m.  S.  of  Llunen- 
gan.  About  IJ  m.  from  both  Llanen- 
min  and  Llangian  is  the  small  fishing  ; 
harbour  of  Abertoch,  whence  the  road 
skirts  the  bay,  pasaing  rt.  Llanbedrog 
to  Pwllheli, 

To  rr  Eifi  and  Tre'r  Caert,  the 
view  irtmL  nnieh  for  grandeur  a   ' 


QUOSSDON—BEADING. 


Llanadhaiam  close  to  the 
To  ascend  Tr  Eifl  and  examine  Tie't 
Caeri,  it  is  best  to  proceed  from  Llaa- 
aelbaiam  1}  m.  along  the  Neviu  road, 
and  tlien  strike  1.  up  the  slope,  until 
reaching  a  narrow  green  pathway; 
the  town  follows  tbe  cou6guration  of 
the  mountain,  and  consists  of  several 

rups  of  cella  or  cyttian,  surrounded 
a  wall  eaclosing  upvarde  of  five 
seres.    To  Gricckth,  8  m. 

PWI.LIOBOCH0N,  see  Conway. 

QuABR  Abbey,  see  Wighl,  I»U  qf. 

QuATFOBD,  see  Brid^jwrrtk. 

QuBNiNOTON,  Bee  Fairford. 

QoERtntORB,  see  ljanca$ter. 

<|uorn«lon  (Leic.),  situated 
1  m.  S.W.  of  BaTTOW-oit-Soar  Stat. 
(1121  m.  &om  London,  St.  Pancras 
Stai),  and  2}  m.  S.E.  oi  Lmighborougk 
Stat.  (110  ni.  from  London);  is  best 
known  DB  the  headquarters  of  the 
Qtiorrt  Hunt.  The  kennels  and  stalls 
in  the  neighbourhood  are  a  source  of 
interest  to  many  Tisitors.  Quom  Hull 
(E.  Warner,  Esq.)  and  Quom  House 
(B.  B.  Faniham,  Esq.)  are  the  princi- 
pal residences. 

Babt  Castlb,  see  BamaTd  Cattle. 

Badcuffb,  see  Bury  (Lane). 

Bauifole,  see  Weymotitli. 

Kaslgt,  see  Abingdon. 

Baolan,  see  SfonmoutA. 

Bausey,  see  Haniingdon. 

Bausey,  Isle  or,  see  St,  Da-eid'i. 


fixim  London).  Inni:  •"GianTille  H. 
(St.  Lawrence);  Albion  H.;  Bojal  H. ; 
Boyal  Oak ;  Castle.  As  a  watering- 
place,  Bamsgatc  is  slightly  more  aristo- 
cratic than  Margate.  Tbe  season  is 
from  June  to  November.  Tbe  bathing 
is  very  good, "  Ramsgate  Sands  "  being 
smooth.  Boarding-houaea  and  lodg- 
ings of  all  kinds  aboand;  and  from 
tbe  situation  of  the  town,  tbe  best 
of  tbem  command  good  sea  views. 
Every  usual  seaside  accommodation 
or  amusement  is  to  be  ibund  here. 
The  climate  is  t&r  more  brociug  than 
that  of  the  southern  coast;  and  it  id 
found  to  have  an  especially  favourable 
influence  in  all  cases  of  scorbutic 
disorder;  the  death  rate  is  tower 
than  olinost  any  other  watering-place. 


Tbe  pier,  wbicli  was  commenced  in 
1750,  is  B  ven  flue  and  important 
work.  It  was  built  by  Smeaton,  the 
engineer  of  the  Eddystone  ligbtbonse. 
The  inner  basin  is  used  as  a  wet  dock, 
and  also  contains  a  dry  dock  for  the 
repair  of  ships.  On  tlie  W,  pierhead 
is  a  lighthouse.  An  obelisk  near  the 
pier  commemorates  the  departure  of 
George  IV.  fi:oni  this  place  for 
Hanover. 

Beyond  the  Crescent  on  theW.  cli^ 
and  close  to  the  sea,  is  St.  Augu^tine'a^ 
the  Gothic  villa  huilt  by  A.  W.  Fugin, 
and  long  his  residence.  The  Roman 
Catholic  Ch.  adjacent,  in  which  he  is 
buried,  though  small,  is  good,  and  was 
considered  by  him  as  his  hast  work. 
A  little  beyond  is  Pcgwell  Bay,  noted 
for  its  shrimps.  Tbo  return  walk 
should  be  through  tbe  village  of  St. 
Lairrence,  which  lies  ^  m.  inland. 
Here,  too,  is  the  .iuuction  station  for 
FegiceU  Bay.  Bt.  Peter' t  village,  where 
the  eh.  is  worth  visiting,  is  2}  m.  N. 
The  hill  of  (hengal,  about  IJ  m.  W. 
from  Kamsgate.  should  be  visited  as 
well  for  the  sake  of  its  noble  view  as 
for  the  interesting  associationB  con- 
nected with  tbe  site.  In  cutting  the 
railway,  it  was  found  that  the  whole 
of  the  Biunmit  of  the  hill  was  covered 
with  the  graves  of  the  first  Saxon 
settlers  in  Thanet.  Roman  graves 
havealsobeendiscovered.  ^IbbeFUet, 
S  m.  W.,  the  spot  where  St.  Ai^usline 
first  landed  in  Britain,  and  Biekbo- 
rough  (see  Sandwich),  the  Rutupis  of 
the  Romans,  S  m.  W.,  are  places  of 
great  interest.  Canterbiiry  Cathe- 
dral may  be  reached  in  abool  J  hr. 
by  rly.  Margate  ia  Ij  m.  N.,  and  Uiere 
ore  frequent  trains  between  it  and 
Ramsgate. 

Rakuobb  Common,  see  Dorhing. 

Ranton  Abbey,  see  GnotaU  and 
Stafford. 

Bahwobth,  see  Tarmouth, 

RiTLiNQHOPE,  see  CliiiTch  Stretton.     ' 

RiVESHwoHTH  Cabtle,  seo  New- 
oa»tU-oa-Tyne.     . 

Rending'  (Berks,  and  Bants), 
Junction  Stat.,  for  the  lines  of  tbe 
G.  W.,  the  L.  &  S.  W.,  and  S.  E.  Blys. 
Jnns:  Great  Western  Hotel ;  Queen's 
Hotel.     This  is  a  vcrjr  flourishing 


BEADING— BEDCAB. 


town,  ntnated  on  the  Kennet,  1  m. 
above  its  junction  with  the  Thames. 
It  poasesses  few  objecta  of  ajitiquarian 
interast,  being  now  chiefly  remarkablB 
fin  it<  gaol,  and  for  Huntley  and 
Palmer'H  manuE^ttm)  of  biscuits. 
Abp.  lAnd,  the  «od  of  a  clothier,  was 
bom  here:  in  his  ptoBperifr  he 
founded  charities  for  bis  native  town, 
which  still  remain.  Sir  Thomas 
White,  the  fbnndei:  of  Bt  John's  Col- 
l^:e,  Oxford,  waa  alio  a  native  of 
Beading.  The  Sower  farm  of  the 
Messrs.  Sutton,  on  the  Loudon  read 
(aeen  ftran  the  tailway),  is  well  worth 

Bt.  Lawreaee  Choroh,  near  the  mar- 
ket-place, baa  a  onrioDs  monument  in 
B.  aisle  to  Johauues  Blagiove,  mathe- 
matician and  astrologer. 

^  MoT^a,  fonnded  on  the  Bite  of  a 
Qunnery  bnilt  by  Glfrida,  to  expiate 
the  murder  of  her  stepson,  was  '— 
metly  called  the  minster,  which 
atill  remains  as  that  of  the  adjoining 
atreet.    Tho  Gh.  was  rebuilt   (1551) 
with  the  materials  of  the  abbey  and 
priory.    The  nave  has  a  good  roof  of 
early  cbaiacter.    A  beantifiil  new 
redos  baa  been  added :  and  in  N.  w 
under  an  E.-E,  canopy,  ia  a  receaa  for 
the  Easter  sepulchre.    The  chequered 
tower  of  flint  and  ashlar,  Qib  roc~~ 
meiit  of  William  Kendriok  and 
wife,  also  merit  notice. 

St.  Gilee'a  Chureh  was  mncb  d 
aged  during  the  eicgo  in  1643 ;  the 
tower  was  rebuilt,  and  ia  sutmountcd 
by  a  slender  spire.  The  ch.  baa  been 
restored  and  enlaced.  At  the  N.W. 
of  Uie  town  is  the  Greyfrian  Chtireh, 
the  old  monastic  ch.  of  the  Grey 
Friars,  which  l<mg  served  aa  th< 
borough  gaol,  but  was  in  1S64  agaii 
adapted  to  religiona  use.  Notice  the 
beautiful  Deo.  W.  window;  also  the 
side  windows  of  the  aisles. 

The  chief  object  of  interest  in  Bead- 
ing is  its  Benedictine  Abbey,  foonded 
by  Hen.  I.,  1121,  now  a  mere  shell, 
but  formerly  the  third  in  size  and 
wealth  of  all  English  abbeys.  Several 
royal  persons  were  interred  here,  and 
Bome  of  the  royal  tombs   were 

atroyed  and  the  bones  "thrown 

at  the  disaolution  in  1539,  when  Hugh 


Farringdon,  the  abbot,  was  hnng, 
drawn,  and  quartered,  for  denying  the 
royal  supremacy. 

Many  parliaments  have  been  held 
at  Beading. 

Henry  VIIL  converted  the  abbey 
into  a  palace,  occaaionallj  residing 
there  himself.  -  It  was  afteFwards  1^ 
quently  occupied  by  the  sovereign  till 
its  destruction  in  me  great  rebellion. 
Among  the  lemaina  still  standing,  are 
a  portion  of  the  great  hall  in  which 
the  parliaments  were  held,  and  where 
the  marriage  of  Edw.  IV.  with  Eliza- 
beth Woodville  was  first  made  pnblic ; 
and  of  the  Ch.  dedicated  to  St.  Thomas 
i,  which  once  contained  the 
royal  monuments,  and  in  which  John 
of  Gaunt  was  married  to  Blanche  of 
LancsfiW  in  1359. 

The  foundation  of  a  Norm,  apaidal 
chapel  may  still  be  seen  at  the  E.  aid 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  into 
the  walla  of  which  many  Norm.  &ag- 
menta  have  been  built.  The  site  ot 
the  abbey  ia  now  laid  out  and  planted 

a  pleasure  ^ound. 

In  the  ForbuTy  ia  the  Abbey  GtU*- 
way  (reatored  by  Scott),  visible  from 
the  railway.  Au  assise  court-house, 
of    very  ban' 


appearance. 
The  Holy  Brook,  a  stream 
formed  by  the  abbots,  branching  from 
the  Keunet,  4  m,  above  the  town, 
drives  the  abbey  mill  within  the  pre- 
cincts of  the  BlH>ey.  There  are  some 
very  curious  Norm,  arches,  with  rigaig 
mouldings  over  the  waterwheel  of  llie 
milt.  There  are  two  well-supported 
lodges  of  Freemasons,  and  a  handsome 
masonic  hall,  built  IT  years  since:  alga 
public  buildinfcs,  now  being  erected, 
adjoining  the  Town  Hall. 

Aldermaitcn,  Stat.,G.  W.Bly.,l|m, 
&om  station,  is  9}  m.  S.W.  of  Blading. 
Jnn :  Hind's  Head.  Tbp  Cmtt  (Hig. 
lord  Burr,  Esq.)  and  park,  the  forma 
containing  much  fine  old  tapestry  and 
cnriouslj-carved  furniture :  and  the 
Roman  amphitheatre  of  SiickesUr,  3  m. 
8.E.,  ere  worth  visiting  from  here. 

Kecitlter,  see  Heme  Bay. 

ReUcar  (Yorks).,  Stat.,  N.  E 
BIy.,  1}  hr.'a  rido  trora  Darlioaton. 
Jnns;  tho  "Ooatham  H.;  aboat 
1  m.  ttam  atation  and  facing  the  s«a; 


BMDniLL—SEiaATE. 


fied  Lioii ;  Swan ;  Bojal,  &ctDg  the 
sea.  This  little  wat«nng-place  ia  in- 
creaaing  in  importsnce,  chiefly  oa 
account  of  its  &ie  open  aea  imd  ei- 
tensiTe  santU.  Two  liml  piers  have 
been  erected  withiu  i  m.  of  euch  othiir, 
one  of  thorn  fttcing  the  CoathaiD  Hotel. 
Tlie  oDly  buildings  of  any  interest  aie 
the  Church,  the  Convalescent  Home, 
and  the  Grammoi  School  at  Coatliam. 
The  ch.  ifl  passed  in  the  walk  to  Kirk- 
leatham  (3  m.),  whew  the  Soipilal, 
fbunded  1676,  is  one  of  the  liona  of 
the  Bedoar  neighbonrhood.  Obseive 
in  the  chapel  tho  superb  staiiLed-glass 
window  Biid  2  gilt  chairs,  the  latter 

S resents  from  Carles  U.  There  is  a 
Itaeum,  the  most  remarkable  object 
in  which  is  a  carving  of  St.  Ooorge 
and  the  Dragon,  cut  from  a  ainglo 
piece  of  TorBah  boiwood,  date  I5th 
cent  In  the  Library  is  a  oop;  of 
Walton's  '  Polyglot,'  which  belonged 
to  Cromwell,  and  near  it  one  of 
Castell's  'Lexicon,'  with  the  auto- 
graph of  "Ri:  Bentley."  Kitkleatham 
Chiiroh  contains  afstatne  by  Schee- 
maker,  and  a  fine  brass  (date  1631). 
A  very  bcautiM  silver  dish,  17th 
cent.,  richly  decorated,  was  thrown 
up  b;  the  sea  about  IDO  years  since, 
and  ia  now  used  as  the  paten.  The 
walk,  or  drive,  may  be  continued  to 
JEiUm  Nab  (800  ft.),  about  3  m,  fur- 
ther, the  view  from  which  is  superb 
(see  also  S<dtbumrfw-8ea). 
Kbdditch,  see  Atceeter. 
Redhlll  (SiUTey)-Jmio.  Stat., 
L.  B.  &  S.  C.  and  B.  E.  Elys.  (20|  ra. 
from  London)  ;  on  W.  the  line  branches 
to  Dorking,  Guildford,  and  Beading, 
and  on  E.  to  Tunbridge— a  modern 
railway  town  within  the  parish  of  Bei- 
mte  (see),  from  which  town  it  ia  1}  m. 
E.  Inns:  WarwiekjH.;  South-Eastem 
H.  From  ita  eonvonience  of  access, 
reputed  healthiness,  and  the  charm  of 
the  Bcene^,  Bedhill  has  become  a 
fevourite  place  of  residence  for  mer- 
chants and  men  of  business.  From  the 
hill  and  heathy  common  there  are  fine 
views,  and  about  the  lanes  very  plea- 
sant walks.  On  the  common  is  an 
excellent  cottage  hospital. 

Abont  J  m.   from  Bedhill  is 
^hitanUiToriic      Society's     Farm, 


school  for  the  refbnnation  of  crimi- 
nal boys. 

At  EarUioood,  1  m.  8.  of  Bedhill, 
ia  the  Aiylatafor  Idiott.  The  grounds, 
very  prettily  laid  out,  are  about  80 
acres  ia  extent.  The  atylum  is  open 
to  visitors  (it  will  be  well  to  obtmn  an 
order  at  the  Offieo,  29  Poultry,  E.G.). 

BEDHARaHAi..  sce  ShKliitnHm-Teu. 


Kearutb  (Cornwall)— Stat.,  9} 
.  from  Truro,  and  16^  m.  from  Pen- 
nce.  (Inn*  .-Tabba'H.;  Clinton  B.) 
-ia  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  mining 
district.  Com  Area  Bm  (alt.  740  ft. ; 
crowned  with  a  castle  of  doubtful 
origiu)  ia  believed  to  have  been  the 
site  of  a  Druidlcal  temple.  The  co- 
lumn on  munmit  is  to  the  memory  of 
the  late  Lord  de  Dunstanville.  The 
&om  the  summit  of  this  hill  is 
Gxten^ve  and  interestinK,  comprehend- 
ing a  largo  portion  of  West  Cornwall 
and  the  Bristol  Channel  Ddcoaih 
JWine,  2  ra.  W.  (nearer  Camborne  Slat, 
than  Bedruth),is  worth  visitii^ ;  from 
the  top  of  the  hill  overlookmg  the 
valley,  which  divides  tT""  from  Cook 
Kitdieu  Mine,  the  spectator  can  ob- 
tain a  panoramic  view  of  the  machinery 
by  which  the  tin  is  dressed.  Curennoji 
Fit,  IJ  m.  8.E.,  ia  celebrated  as  the 
scene  of  Wesley's  preaohing  to  the 
miners.  PortreaOi,  or  Basset' t  C^ra,  ia 
a  picturesijue  litUe  port,  3|  m.  N.W. 

Ganihorae  {hme  :  Abraham's  H. ; 
Tregonin^s  H.),  like  Hedruth,  is  a 
lai^  mining  town.  The  Ch.  contains 
a  very  handsome  heraldic  window,  in 
memory  of  the  late  E.  W.  W.  Pendarve, 
Esq.,  M.P.  for  the  ooun^. 

Beswhabt    Bay,   see   Beaumojia 
and  LJaagefni. 
Beette,  see  Jtichmond  (Torks.), 
Rel^ate  (Surrey),  Stat.,  S.  B. 
Bly.  (Btading  Br.),  23  m.  irma  London. 
Inni .-  White  Hart,  an  excellent  family 
hotel,  and  a  very  pleasant  resting- 
place  for  those  proceeding  by  road 
from    London    to   Srighton ;    Swan; 
Gngies :  both  good  commercial  houses. 
The  town  is  seated  near  (he  head  of 
the  long  and  lovely  Holmesdale,  a  val- 
ley bounded  N.  by  clialk  downs,  S.  by 
a   sleep    ridge    of  grcensand.     The 
neighbourhood  ia  exceedingly  beauti- 


REIQA  TE-SHUDDLAN. 


All;  the Tiem from  the  ridge  are  rich, 
varied,  and  extensive. 

Of  RtigaU  Cattle,  mithlng  now  re- 
miina  except  the  strange  entraDce 
aichvay,  built  hy  tSi.  Bamea,  in  17S7, 
ont  of  frsKineiita  of  the  old  wall. 
YTbai  it  called  the  castle  cotirt  ie  the 
tnoued  on  nhicli  the  keep  stood,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  dry  ditch.  In  tlie 
centre  of  the  court,  by  a  nide  recent 
ftrnctore  of  "rockwork,''  is  " 
trance  to  the  Baron^  Cave,  a 
extensive  vaults;  tbe  cavern 
visited ;  for  a  Email  gratuity  the  key 
and  candles  Till  bo  brought  from  " 
oottage  close  by. 

Theca«tle  grounds  have  been  clear- 
ed, planted  with  shrubs  and  flovrers, 
and  formed  into  very  pret^  pleasure 
gioDnds :  and  a  lease  <ff  ihem  fbr  999 
yean  presented  by  their  owner,  Lord 
Soiaers,  to  the  town,  on  conditioa  that 
tb^  be  kept  in  order,  and  opened  tree. 

The  OrammaT  School,  founded  IffJS, 
occnpiea  a  building  on  the  Bcdhill 
load,  near  (he  ch. 

A  pleasant  lane  of  about  i  m.  leads 
to  Seigale  Park,  now  an  open  space 
of  about  ISO  acres.  The  prospects 
from  it  are  very  extenaive. 

Beigale  Mmih  is  another  picturesque 
spot,  or  was,  till  dofaoea  and  vul- 
garised  by  racing  encroach nients ;  and 
uiere  is  a  charming  walk  from  it  to 
Betchworth,  by  Wonham  Mill,  or  by 
Flancbford  to  Leigh.  Beigate  HiJI, 
and  the  downs  on  the  other  side  of 
the  town,  aflbrd  lovely  views,  endless 
pleasant  walks :  and  flowers,  feme,  and 
orchids  innnmerable. 

Gob™  Some,  2  [m.  N.E.  from 
Heigttle  Stat.,  the  property  of  Lord 
Monson,  but  now  in  the  occupation  of 
B.  Macalmont,  Esq.,  is  a  large  and 
stately  Italian  stracture.  The  Ball, 
the  chief  featoro  of  the  house,  was 
constructed  by  Lord  Monson  on  the 
model  of  the  Corsini  Chapel,  Bome, 
It  has  a  pavement  of  rim  coloured 
marbles,  purchased  by  Lord  Uonson 
at  Rome,  for  10,0001,  Tbe  walls  are 
also  panelled  to  some  lieight  with 
various  ootonred  marbles,  above  which 
are  4  fresco  paintings  by  Severn. 
Visitors  are  permitted  to  see  the  halt,  I 
con^dors,  &c„  on  any  week  day, 


Oatton  Ck,  stands  close  to  the 
house.  It  is  mainly  of  Perp.  d&tp, 
bnt  was  entirely  remodelled  tiy  tiord 
Monson  in  1831,  and  has  been  altered 
since.  The  interior  is  intereetiag,  as 
containing  2  rows  of  richly-carved 
stalls  with  misereres  from  a  mona- 
stery at  Ghent.  The  pulpit  and  allor 
are  from  Nnrembeig, 

BENDLEgHiji,  see  Woodbridge. 

B^VtOn  (Derby.l— 1  ni.  E.  of 
Willington  Stal,  Midi,  Ely.  (Inn: 
Bull's  Head) — is  the  seat  of  a  fiunous 
Grammar  School,  founded  by  Sir  J. 
Porte.  1556.  At  the  entrance  to  the 
school-yard  is  a  fine  Norm.  arch.  The 
school-room  was  the  old  Befectfnr  of 
the  Priory  of  Black  Caaona.  The 
Master's  House  has  a  curious  brick 
tower  (Hen.  VI.).  The  Ch.  (Dee.) 
baa  a  lofty  spire  (188  fL),  and  under 
the  chancel  a  very  unique  Crypt,  of 
A.-Bax.  date.  &>me  of  the  maaoory 
looks  like  Eoman  work.  Foremati 
Ball,  2i  m.  E,  from  Eepton,  has  a 
gallery  of  family  portraits  of  the  Bnr- 
dett  bmily.  On  the  road  to  MeJiouni^ 
4  m.,  are  the  Knowl  Milii,  where,  in 
the  plantation  called  "  the  Ferni,"  is 

singular  and  ancient  tumnlar  oeme- 

Eestormel  CAm^:,  see  St  AutteU. 
Retfora  (Notts.)— Slats.,    Gt 

North.  Bly,  and  Maneh.  Sheff.  t 
Line.  Ely. ;  also  Midi.  Bly.  to  Worksrat 
and  HansSeld  (Inn .-  White  Hatt)— is 
a  bnsy  country  town,  with  a  large  trade 

i_ Bjid  malt.    The  Totpn  ffaS 

good  portjaits  of  James  L, 
George  II.,  and  Queefi  (Caroline. 
KEVELsroKK,  see  Kiag^tridge, 
Bbaiash  Dn,  1        n  i    n 

BHAiADBMA^BCiCH,!"^  Msdfcy. 
Bhatadbb,  see  T^e. 
Rhos-ooltv,  see  Solyktad. 
Rbuddlan    (Flint),    Btat., 
7  min.  by  rail  from  Bl.  Aaaph,  22  min. 
from  Denbigh,  end  13  min.  from  Sliyt. 
A  decayed  little  village  on  E.  bank  i^ 
tbe  Clwyd.     Tbe  CatUe,  in  a  striking 
position  on  opposite  side  of  river,  now 

shell,  is  a  red  sandatone  build- 

t  was  founded  time  of  Domes- 
day Book,  was  rebuilt  by  Hen,  II., 
1157,  Bud  was  dianiantled  after  cap- 
ture from  tho  BoynJists,  in  I646.    II 


BHTL—BICEMOND. 


SCI 


L  womi  .  .  . 
Welsh  a  native  prince.  The  Ch.,iAoB6 
to  the  bridge,  ia  b  well-restored  build- 
ing with  maaaive  tower.  In  the  vil- 
lage are  remaJUB  of  the  "  Parliament 
House,"  wliere  an  inscription  slatea, 
though  Ernmeonsly.  tbat  Bdw.  I.'a 
Parlianient  was  held.  Between  the 
TiUa.Ke  and  the  Bea  ia  the  niarBb  of 
Morfii  EhuddUm,  the  scene  of  a  dread- 
ful battle  in  795,  between  the  Saiong 
under  OfFa  of  Mercia,  and  the  Welsh 
under  Caradoc,  in  which  the  latter 
were  defeated, 

JSbournoiu.— To  St.  Asaph.  3  m. 
on  the  road  are  alight  remains  of  a 
priory  of  Blaek  Fnara  of  the  13th 
cent.,  close  to  nbioh  is  a  mound  anr- 
lonndad  bj  a  foese  called  TuUliiU,  the 
Bite  nf  a  more  ancient  fortress,  said  to 
have  been  built  hj  Llewelyn  ap  Sit- 
syllt  (A.D.  1015).  Not  far  &om  the 
priory,  too,  is  a  farmhouse  called  Spital, 
or  Tapytty,  formerly  a  hoapital  of  the 
Knights  TempLarB.  A  flgore  of  a 
knight  of  13th  cent  ia  to  be  seen  on 
the  wall  of  an  adjaoout  farmhonse. 
Dyterlh  GaiiU  ie  21  m.  N.E.,  pase- 
ing  at  foot  of  the  hill  Sodryddaii,  tbe 
ancient  seat  of  S.  Conway,  Esq.  Tbe 
escninon  may  be  extended  to  New- 
market and  ma  "  Gop."  2  m.  further 
on  (see  Moilifn). 

DiiUmcei. — Abergele,  5  m. ;  Denbigh, 
9  m. :  HolyweU,  11  m. 

IKII.T1  (Flint),  209  m.  by  rail 
tram  Eoaton -square,  or  from  Fadding- 
ton,  via  Chester.  Inm:  Qaeen's; 
Belvoir,  both  gopd :  Boyal ;  Mosljn 
Anns.  A  Sshing  village,  lately  risen 
to  the  rank  of  a  waterinK-place,  si- 
tuated at  mouth  of  the  Clwyd,  and 
now  possessing  a  promenade  pier  up- 
wards of  2000  ft.  long,  winter-gaiden 
and  aouarium,  and  a  hirge  Hydropathic 
Establishment.  It  is  very  healthy, 
commands  beantiful  views,  and  has 
extensive  and  fine  saodB.  There  ia  no 
sea-flsbing,  bat  some  good  sport  for 
salmon  and  trout  mi^  be  bad  in  tbe 
Elwy  and  Clwyd.  St.  Thomas'  Ch. 
has  a  beautiful  alabaster  pulpit  and 
some  ^xid  painted  glasa.  Ty-yn-Jthyl 
(Miss  Lloyd)  is  of  the  161h  cent,  and 
has  in  tbe  ball  carved  woodwork 
m«de  out  of  the  bedstead  of  Griffilh, 


geutleiDAn  usher  to  Catherine  of  At- 

An  eicnrsion  of  abont  7  m.  may  be 
made  to  NeurmarJt^  and  the  "  Gop," 
pissiju:  tbe  Tatargoch  lood-minee  and 
Di/ierlh  Cattle  (see  Moityn), 

It  is  a  very  pleasant  walk  of  6}  m. 
t«  lAaiiddidiis,  and  its  pretty  oti.  A 
beautiful  new  ch.  (St.  Majy'a),  de- 
signed by  Street,  Las  been  boilt  at 
the  sole  cost  of  B.  B.  Besketh,  Esq., 
Owryoh  Gastle.  on  the  road  to  Ab^- 
gele.  Cheap  day  tourist  tickets  are 
issued  in  summer  time  to :  Abergele, 
H  m, ;  St.  Aiaph,  6  m. ;  Denbigh, 
12  m. ;  Conwas,  15  m. ;  Bangor,  30  m. ; 
Carnarvon  ;  Llatiberit ;  Holghead  ; 
lAandadito;  Beliai-y-Coed.  An  om- 
nibus runs  daily  in  summer  (2  or  3 
on  Sundays)  to  the  beautifnl  Cb.  eU 
BoiUltByddan,  6  m.  (see  8l.  A»aph). 

Rltocbefttci*  (Lancss.),  near 
the  Wilpshire  Stat,  Lancas.  &  Yorks. 
Ely.  The  village  is  4  m.  to  1.  on 
b^ik  of  the  Bibbte.  It  is  cirlebrated 
GS  an  important  Soman  ilatiim,  sup- 
posed to  be  either  Coccimu,  or  Bhi- 
godunum,  and  many  altars,  statues, 
and  other  remains  bave  been  dug  up. 
The  Ch.  baa  a  screen  in  the  Houghton 
Choir  (S.  aisleX  and  in  tbe  Datton 
Choir  (N,  aisle),  a  tombstone  with 
cross  and  swo^d   of  an    Hospitaller 

S680).  There  is  old  siained  glass  in 
a  E.  window,  and  interesting  pulpit, 
Within  a  short  distance  is  Stydd  Ok., 
sow  iu  a  slate  of  semi  ruin.  It  is  one 
of  the  oldest  buildings  in  the  county, 
and  possesses  some  interesting  archi- 
teclnral  features.  Old  Himsea:  (a)  Ot- 
baldeslont  Hall,  1  m.  S.,  across  the 
river,  a  moated  farmhouse ;  (t)  SaUt- 
buTy  Halt,  2  m.  E.,  higher  np  the 
Bibble,  Blizabethan,  has  an  altar  of 
the  time  of  Diocletian  built  in  it. 

RiBBTOH  Hall,  aee  Harrogate. 

KiCHBOBonsH,  see    Samsgate  and 


S.  W.  Bly.  in  conjunction  with  North 
London  and  Metiopol.  Blys.  Omni- 
buses to  London  na  Kew,  Hammer- 
smith,and  Kensineton.  Steamersalso 
in  summer  time  from  London ;  the 
distance  by  water  from  London  Pridge 


RICHMOND. 


ia  16}  m.  The  town  is  sitaated  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Thajnes,  8}  m. 
W.  of  Hyde  Park  Comer,  at  tbe  base, 
and  on  the  slope  of  a  bill,  commaad- 
ing  a  view  of  great  oelebrit  j.  Jnnt  i 
The  Star  and  Garter,  on  the  Hill; 
Castle,  by  the  river ;  Queen's,  opposite 
tbe  Si&r  and  Garter,  is  a  flrB^laas 
fomil;  hotel ;  lioebuok,  on  the  Ter- 
race ;  Talbot,  High-street ;  Greyhound, 
Oeorge-8ti«et. 

Of  the  ^inoDs  palace,  bo  rich  in 
historical  TemembranceB,  and  so  stately 
in  Its  arcbitectnre,  nothing  remains 
but  the  ontmncc-gatawayof  the  Ward- 
robe Court  rnow  called  Old  Palaee 
Tard),  a  rude  stone  boildii^ 
W.  sidJe  of  tbe  green. 

The  old  Ch.  (81.  Mary  Magdalen) 
conlains  seTeral  monutoenta  wortii 
attention.  The  burial-ploee  of  Thom- 
son, author  of  'The  S^tvone,' .'&c.,  ie 
indicated  by  a  brnsa  plate  inserted  in 
the  -wail   at  the  W.  end  of  the  N. 

Sichimnd  Fork  is  nearly  9  m.  is 
ciroamferenoe,  and  contains  more  than 
2000  acres.  Its  sylvan  scenery  is  of 
extreme  beauty,  and  many  fine  dis- 
tant prospects  are  commanded  trom  it. 
It  is  traversed  in  all  directions  by 
footpaths,  and  roads  run  through  it  to 
East  Sheen  and  Roehampton,  Wim- 
bledon, Petersham,  and  Kingston. 
Persons  on  foot  or  ou  botseback  have 
free  entrance,  and  the  latter  may  ride 
on  the  tnrf,  or  wherever  they  please. 
All  private  carriages  are  allowed  &ee 
passage  through  the  park,  but  must 
keep  to  the  roads.  The  principal 
gates  are  on  Richmond  Hill,  close  "" 
&e  Star  and  Oarter;  bnt  there  i 
otheiB  at  the  outlets  of  tbe  different 
roads,  and  gates  or  JaddcT'stiles  at 
East  Slieen,  Boehamplon,  Ham  Com- 
mon, Petersham,  opposite  the  ch.  ' 
Coomljo  (Robin  Hood  Gate). 

In  the  centre  of  the  park  an 
Targe  sheets  of  water,  the  Pen  Poadi, 
nearly  18  acres  in  area.  They 
great  addiUon  to  the  scenery,  and 
attract  many  aquatic  birds. 

About  1450  fellow,  and  50  led  deer, 
are  kept  in  the  park,  and  the  veoisan 
has  the  reputation  of  being  the  best 
from  any  of  the  ro^al  jiaiks. 


The  principal  residence  in  the  paA 
is  the  While  Lodge,  now  occapiea  by 
the  Duke  offlTecb  and  the  Princess 
Maiy.  It  stands  at  the  end  of  the 
Queen's  Avenue,  which  faces  you  on 
entering  the  park  from  Bichmotid  TTill, 
and  a  short  distance  E.  of  tho  smaller 
of  the  two  Pen  Ponds.  There  are  seve- 
ral other  lodges  and  small  residences 
in  and  adjoining  the  pork,  which  are 
occupied  by  diflerent  persons  with 
permission  of  the  Crown.  Of  theae 
the  chief  are  Pembroke  Lodge,  the 
summer  residence  of  late  Earl  RusselL 
It  atanda  at  the  end  of  tbe  New  Ter- 
race, on  the  rt.,  after  entering  the 
park  &om  the  hill;  the  Thalched 
Hmue  (Lady  Bowater),  at  the  8.W. 
end  of  the  park,  near  Kingston  Gate ; 
and  Sheem  Lodge  (Professor  Owen),  at 
the  opposite  edge  of  the  park. 

The  neighbourhood   of   Richmond 

aSbids  a  number  of  pleasant  walks 

i  excursions.    Hampton  Court  and 

palace  arc  4}  m.  distant,  and  may 

be  reached  either  by  water,  road,  or 

rail.     Hichjnond   aJso  commuuicnles 

by  rail   with   Staines    and   Virginia 

Water,    and    thonce    with    Beading. 

Among   the   walke,  there   is  a  very 

pleasant  footpath  across  the  fields,  i^ 

water  side,  t«  Twickenham,  along 

left  (Middlesex)  bank  of  the  river. 

Ham  may  also  be  reached  throng 

Richmond  Pork,  passing  out  through 

tbe  gate  which  opens  on  Ham  Crai- 

moD,  and  fbllowing  the  road  throu^ 

Felersham.  A  third  walk  may  be  token 

to  Kea,    There  are  others  across  the 

park  to  Wimbledon,  &c. 

One  of  the  most  fiunous  of  the  river- 
side residences  is  Baccleuch  Home 
(Duke  of  Buccleuch),  at  end  of  towing- 
path  on  W.  side  of  tiie  bridge.  Denm- 
Aire  Cottage,  by  tho  Petersiiam  mea- 
dows, was  theresidence  of  Lady  Diana 
Beaucleik,  the  "  Lady  Di "  of  Horace 
Walpole  and  Dr.  Johnson.  It  was 
anerwards  the  redilenoe  of  the  more 
noted  Geoigiana,  Duchess  of  Devon- 

Rlcbmond  (Vorksh.).  stat., 
N.B.RIy.  (Jnn;  King's  Head.)  This 
is  one  of  tho  most  picturesquely  placed 
towns  in  England.  Tho  Swale,  rocky 
and  broken,  flows  round  the  foot  of  the 


.      mCBM0Ii!I>~BI0EMAS8W0BTE. 


_  hill ;  and,  creBting  a  precipice  above 
the  river,  rises  the  great  oasUe  of  the 
Breton  earb,  magnificent  even  in  decay. 
The  CaOe.  founded  by  Alan  the 
Bed,  let  Eail  of  Biphmonil  (temp. 
Wm.  I.),  is  approached  by  a  Ituie 
npeaing  from  the  Uorket-plaoe.  A 
space  of  five  acres,  on  the  EUmmit  of  a 
rock,  projectir^  over  the  river,  is  aut- 
ronnded  by  valla  and  buildinga,  (he 
gT«at  keep-tower  being  the  most  pro- 
minent. 

Ii.  of  the  entrance  is  Bohin  Boo^t 
Tomer  (E,  Norm.),  in  the'lower  portion 
of  nhich  is  the  Chapel  of  St.  NtoholoB, 
of  early  Norm,  character.  The  Oohlen 
Tmoer  is  so  celled  from  a  tradition  that 
a,  treasore  was  ooce  found  in  it.  Ad- 
joining 'this  tower  ia  8coUanS»  SaU, 
one  of  the  moat  perfect  Norm,  halla  of 
its  class  remaimng  in  England,  and 
deflerving  mrefnl  examination. 
■  The  great  Keep  is  one  of  the  flnaat 
and  most  perfect  Norm.  keep-l«werB  in 
England.  100  &  high,  the  exterior 
vfaOa  being  Jl  ft.  thick.  This  towar 
has  Boffered  little  from  time;  though 
its  antique  effect;  as  seen  from  within 
the  court,  is  damaged  by  some  modem 
"  pointing  "  of  the  masonry,  and  by  a 
modem  portal.  Tba  interior  boe  been 
"  restored  "  of  late  yeara,  and  the  floors 
have  been  reiaid,  the  building  now 
serving  as  a  store  for  the  accoutrements 
of  the  militia.  The  yiew  from  the 
battlements  Is  one  of  the  finest  in 
England.  The  exterior  is  best  seen 
from  the  opposite  hill.  There  is  a 
walk  close  under  the  walls,  which  the 
tonriat  should  follow  thronghout. 

The  parish  Gh.  stands  on  the  hill- 
side near  the  station,  and  has  been 
restored  and.  in  effect,  rebuilt  under 
the  care  of  Sir  G.  ff,  Scott.  The 
greater  part  of  the  choir,  the  clerestory 
Oi  the  nave,  and  the  tower  are  Perp.. 
Mid  the  rest  Dec,  The  screen  and 
stall  wotk  in  the  choir  was  brou^t 
from  Easby  Abbey,  and  is  of  great 
beauty. 

The  Tower  of  Orey  Friars  (Fran- 
ciscans) in  Hie  garden  of  J.  J.  Bobin- 
son,  Esq„  is  inlereeting.  It  was  the 
central  tower  of  their  ch.,  and  is  the 
■ale  remaining  fragment  of  a  botlse  of 
Franciscans,  foiinded  1358. 


HipmireB,  a  village  I  m,  8.E.  of 
Bichmond,  is  believed  to  have  been 
the  birthplace  of  Wickliffe  the  Be- 
former. 

The  mins  eg  Easbij  Abbey,  1  m.  E. 
of  Richmond,  may  be  reached  by  a 
lovely  walk,  passing  below  the  parish 
Ch.,  and  turning  1.  before  crossing 
the  railway  bridge.  The  abbey  was 
founded  in  1152,  for  Premonstraten- 
sian  Canons.  Adjoining  the  mill-race, 
which  still  serves  the  tnill  of  the 
abbey,  is  the  ancient  granary,  perfect, 
and  still  in  use.  The  great  gateway 
beyond  Ibe  pariah  Ch.  is  a  very  fine 
eiample  of  B.  Deo.  (tamp.  Edw.  I,). 

The  little  parish  Oi.  of  Easby, 
which  closely  adjoined  the  abbey, 
has  been  (1869)  restored  nuder  the 
direction  of  Sir  6.  O.  Seott. 

On  the  rt.  bank  of  the  river,  a  little 
beyond  the  station,  is  the  ruin  of  SL 
Martin'i  Priory. 

The  Saeeeoaree  is  about  IJ  m,  N. 
from  Bichmond.  In  climbing  the  hill 
towards  it  the  view  of  the  town,  with 
the  castle  dominating  it,  should  be 
remarked.  From  the  grand  stand  a 
vast  prospect  is  obtained. 

The  upper  part  of  SaaUdale  may 
be  viflited  from  Richmond.  The 
tourist  may  make  a  day's  expedition 
to  Heeik  (12  m.)  and  back;  but  to 


the  h 


the  dale,  be  should  arrange  to  sleep  at 
Beeth.  wbere  there  is  a  tolerable  inn 
(the  Buck).  From  Heeth  to  JlfuAer 
(Inn  .-White  Hart)  it  is  9  m.  (There 
is  a  poor  but  very  clean  public-house 
at  Thwaite,  3  m.  beyond  KCuker.) 
From  either,  the  tourist  proceeding  8. 
will  pass  info  Wenslcydale  and  descend 
upon  Hawes.  Going  N.  he  will  pass 
the  small  mining  village  of  Keld,  2m.,  ' 
below  which  is  a  waterfall  (_Kea«don 
Force)  worth  a  visit ;  thence,  10  m., 
to  Kirkby-Stephen.  There  is  a  good 
Toad  from  Bichmond  to  Barnard 
Castle,  17  m.  At  2  m.  is  teaehed 
Aske  HaU  (Eail  of  Zetland).  Some 
good  trout  fishing  in  the  Swale  and 
numerous  becks  which  join  it  The 
fishing  is  open  between  Biohmond  and 
Keld. 

Rlckmansworth  (Herts.), 
the  terminus  of  the  Watford  and  Biclt- 


361 

maiuworth  branch  of  the  L.  3c 
Bly.  C20i  m.),  ii  a  sroftll  town  t 
CheiB,  QearitsjtuiatinnwiththeColna; 
4  ra.  W.8.W,  from  Watford  bj  itiiid, 
uid  18  m.  from  London.  Inni :  Snan, 
High-Btreet;  Bulvay  Hotel  bj  tile 
station. 

The  JWa  is  the  centre  of  a  buy 
paper-makiag  district  —  there  being 
the  eltennve  paper  mills  of  Messrs. 
Dichineon  af  CroiLoy  and  Betchirorth, 
M'Muiray  at  Loudwater  and  Bcott's 
Bridge,  and  Anstia  at  Soloibridgo  and 
Mill  End.  Sttaw-plaiting  and  horse- 
bait  weariag  are  among  the  domestio 
occupations:  and  watercresses  aie 
largely  grown  for  the  London  market. 
The  Grand  Junction  Canal  comes 
close  to  the  tova,  and  there  ia  a  con- 
etdeiable  carrying  trade. 

A  little  S.E.  of  the  town,  and  di- 
vided from  it  by  tbo  riTcr  Colne,  h 
Moor  Park,  the  stately  seat  of  Lord 
Ebu^.  The  chief  eitemal  feature  of 
the  Mansion  ia  a  grand  tetrastyle 
Corinthian  portico.  Of  the  interior 
the  Hall  is  of  unusual  size  and  height, 
with  fiyc  la^  marble  doorways  sap- 
ported  by  coIOBtal  stataes,  and  the 
iralls  anil  ceilings  decorated  with 
dassicul  and  emblematical  composi- 
tions painted  by  Sir  Jamea  Thomhill ; 
the  saloon  has  on  the  ceiling  a  copy  of 
Gnido's  liospigliari  Aurora. 
RiETATiLx  Abbet.  SBC  Thirtk. 
BiNQiNGLOw,  see  SheMeld. 
HiNGMOHE,  see  KingdMidgi. 
KiPLET  (Surrey),  see  Woking. 
Rtpley  (Yorka.),  see  HaTrogaie. 
Ripon (York).  8tat.,:^.E.Rly. 
(JwtiB;  •' Unicom;  Crown;  Black 
IJnll.)  The  Cathedral  is  the  one 
object  of  interest  in  the  town  itself, 
and  though  comparative];  small  is  full 
of  interest  and  arohitectnral  boauty. 
The  beautiful  west  front  opens  to  the 
visitor  as  ho  deacends  Kir^te.  In 
1862  the  bnilding  was  placed  in  the 
bands  of  Sir  Q.  Q.  Scott  for  a  complete 
restoration,  which  has  been  effected 
with  the  utmost  skill,  and  with  the 
strictest  [oeservation  of  every  antique 
fragment  The  work  contumed  for 
10  years,  and  the  cathedral  was  for- 
mally opened  in  Oct.  1872.  The  cost 
was  about  iO.OOM. 


The  existing  boilding  was  com- 
menced by  Ahp.  Roger  (1I54-I181). 
Abp.  Walter  Gray  probably  added  the 
west  front  (1215-1255).  Toward  tbe 
end  of  the  13tli  cent  (1288-1300)  the 
eastern  portion  of  thectioirwas  rebuilt. 
the  work  of  Abp.  Roger  being  replaced 
by  two  Dec.  bayn.  Abont  1451  tbe 
central  tower  had  become  greatly 
mined,  and  part  of  it  had  fallen.  It 
wea  thJen  rebuilt ;  and  during  the  first 
year  of  the  16th  cent  Abp.  Roger's 
nave  was  removed,  and  Perp.  woA 
snbstituted  for  it 

The  Weit  Front,  Abp.  Gray's  addi- 
tion to  Abp.  Roger's  ch.,  ia  a  singu- 
larly puie  and  beantifut  example  of 
E.  E.  It  consists  of  a  central  gable 
103  ft.  high,  lietween  flanking  towcn 
of  somewbat  greats  elevation. 

On  entering  the  Minster  by  the 
western  door  tiie  view  is  one  of  great 
interest,  owing  mainly  to  the  unusual 
width  (85  ft.)  of  the  nave.  The  two 
westernmost  bays  opening  into  the 
towers  are  E.  E.,  of  the  same  dat«  as 
the  whole  W.  front.  Tbe  present  nave 
of  five  bays  was  began  about  1503. 
and  is  unusually  light  and  wide ;  with 
a  character  which  gives  the  whole  an 
appearance  of  mndk  eatUer  date  than 
is  really  the  case. 

The  IVaiwqrfi  retain  Abp.  R<^r's 
work  more  entirely  than  any  other 
portion  of  the  ch.  The  norUi  tran- 
sept especially  is  almost  unchanged. 
Each  transept  has  an  eastern  aisle  of 
two  bays. 

The  CAotV  Screen,  Perp.,  like  the 
piers  between  which  it  rises,  was,  like 
them,  completed  soon  after  1459.  It  is 
a  mass  of  rich  tabernacle  work,  19  ft. 
high,  with  four  niches  on  eitber  side  of 
tbe  door,  and  a  range  of  smaller  ones 

Through  the  screen  we  enter  tbtt 
Choir,  which,  inolnding  the  Presby- 
tery, contains  work  of  three  diatinet 
periods,  Trans.-Norm.,  Dec.,  and  Perp, 

The  Nortit  \Choir  Aide  follows  the 
atchitectuie  of  the  choir.  The  Bo>i& 
Aiite  resembles  that  opposite. 

The  Ckapter-liousa  is  entered  from 
the  second  bay  of  the  8.  aisle  (connt- 
ing  from  the  W.).  Tbo  vaulting;  and 
two  central  piers  are  E.  B.,  of  latet 


3C5 


(late  than  Abp.  Eoger's  work.  At  the 
N.W.  angle  a  doorway  opens  to  a 
flight  of  steps  leading  to  tlio  crypt. 

The  Peltry,  or  Sacristy,  B.  of  the 
Gfaapter-house.  is  of  tLe  same  chsmc- 
ter.  Above  botb  Ctiapter-house  and 
vestry,  and  approaclied  by  steps  from 
the  8.  iransept.  ia  tbe  Lady  Lofl,  a 
chapel  of  Dec.  date  (c.  1330),  wbicli 
formed  the  ancient  Lady  Chapel  of  the 
Minster,  and  now  aerrea  as  ue  Chap- 
ter Jjibrary. 

Retaming  to  lite  nave,  we  eater,  by 
stairs  at  ite  N.E.  angle,  the  Cr^t, 
called  St.  WafriSt  Needle,  in  many 
respects  the  most  intereating  part  of 
the  Oh.  A  long  and  narrow  passage 
lends  to  a  cell,  cytindrically  rault^, 
7  ft.  9  in.  wide,  11  ft.  3  !□.  long,  and 
9  ft.  4  in.  high. 

Passing  to  the  etlerior,  the  visitor 
should  remark  the  j;;aoddonblc-bcBdcd 
Perp.  bnttresses  of  the  nare,  and  the 
maanive  Dec  bnttresses  between  the 
choir  and  aisles  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
ch. 


Thuralan  (died  1140).  The  houses 
attached  to  it  were  rebailt  in  1674 ; 
the  little  chqtel  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  way  lemains  as  it  was  left  at 
the  Reformation. 

The  Hospilal  of  St.  Anne,  or  MaUon 
Dieii,  in  Migh-ftre^  Agnei-gaU,  a  re- 
treat far  eight  poor  women.  la  thought 
to  have  been  founded  by  one  of  the 
Nevillea  (temp.  Edw.  IV.),  The  little 
Perp,  chapel  is  in  ruins,  bat  retains 
its  piscina  and  oltor-stone,  on  which 
tmditian  aaserta  that  the  ransom  of  a 
Bcottiah  king  was  paid. 

Tlie  Epaoopid  Pfdaea,  a  Tudor 
building,  designed  by  Bailton,  and 
completed  1S41,  gtands  about  1  m. 
N.W.  of  BipoQ.  Attached  to  it  iB  a 
chapel  of  Ferp.  character,  also  dc- 
signed  by  BaQton. 

The  principal  Excartioin  bom  Bipon 
are  to  Btudley  Royal  and  FtnirUains 
Aibeg;  to  MarkenJiM  HaU  and  to 
HamalL  (a)  The  grounds  of  Stadley 
Bow  (Marq.  of  Ripon).  with  the  ruins 
of  Fountains  Abbey,  which  closely  ad- 
join them,  have  long  been  ranked  with 


the  moat  Eamoas  "  show-placea"  in 
Yorkshire.  (Those  who  desire  to  visit 
bath  the  grounds  and  the  mins  of  the 
abbey  may  take  the  following  route — 
beginning  with  the  grounda.  If  it  is 
only  deaiiedto  seethe  abbey,  carriages 
may  drive  to  the  W.  gate,  by  Poon- 
tains  Hall,  and  cloee  to  the  mina,) 

The  entnince  to  the  park  of  Stndley 
Royal  is  about  2  m.  from  Ripon,  on 
the  rood  to  Fateley  Bridge.  (The 
grounds  are  open  daily  from  7  to  9 ; 
the  honse  is  never  shown.)  Alongand 
most  picturesque  avenue  of  limes  leads 
to  an  obelisk  on  high  gronnd,  com- 
manding views  of  both  Bipon  and 
Fountains.  On  E.  (before  renohing  the 
obelisk),  the  road  turns  down  a  grand 
old  beechen  avenue  to  the  valley  of 
the  little  river  Skell,  winding  onward 
to  join  the  Ure  below  Bipon.  Here 
is  a  picturesque  cascade.  A  little  on 
rt.,  just  before  entering  the  beechen 
avenue,  isa  highly  beautiful  13th-cent. 
Ch.,  dediooted  to  the  Virgin  Mary, 
and  erected  for  the  Harchionees  of 
Bipon  by  Mr,  Burgees. 

The  pUatUTe^tmndi  of  Studley 
Royal,  which  we  now  enter,  were  begun 
about  1720,  and  the  original  design 
was  formed  on  that  Dutch  taste  which 
King  William  had  introduced.  These 
grounds  are  among  the  best  eiamplea 
of  theii  class.  The  walks,  sometimes 
passing  by  the  side  of  the  canal,  and 
sometimes  through  the  woods,  afford 
many  beautiful  prospects,  until  the 
stteem  is  crossed  by  a  mstic  bridge, 
and  in  the  midst  of  natural  wood,  a 
small  Irregiular  "pool"  appears,  with 
an  island  bearing  a  pillar  to  the  me- 
mory of  General  Wolfe.  The  view  from 
the  Temple  of  Piely  should  be  noticed. 
B^ond  it,  a  path,  cut  through  the 
wood,  climbs  the  hill,  and  p^iseing 
through  a  tunnel  in  the  rock,  the 
octagon  lower  is  reached.  Pasaing 
through  high  woods  of  beech  and  oak, 
the  visitor  reachea  Anjie  Boleyn'iSent. 
This  is  a  small  harbour,  &om  which 
is  obtained  a  view  of  "  Fountain  Dale," 
with  the  ruins  of  its  famous  Abbey 
rising  OD  a  strip  of  green  meadow- 
ground,  and  ahut  in  by  the  wooded  sides 
of  the  volley.  The  view  is  wonder- 
fully beautiful  and  impresaive. 


The  rnins  uf  Foantaitu  were  pur- 
chased by  Wm.  Aislftbie  in  ITIiS,  and 
have  been  carefully  ptoteoted  since 
they  cams  into  his  pOBBeaaioli,  and  are 
kept  nith  the  utmost  order  and  pro- 
priety by  the  present  owner.  Since 
1S4S  a  series  of  eivavatione  have  been 
made,  and  the  fonndations  of  the 
abbot's  house  and  adjoining  offices 
have  been  ancoveied,  and  the  arrauge- 
ments  of  a  gr^at  monastery  may  now 
be  studied  more  perfectly  here  than 
on  atty  other  site  in  England. 

Crossing  the  mill  bridge,  the  main 
yale-haate  is  inuneiliately  in  front. 
Tliis  is  now  a  fragment,  bnt  must  have 
been  of  conaderable  size.  The  visitor 
should  pass  at  ouce  to  the  Conventual 
CTiUTch,  on  the  extreme  left,  most  of 
which  is  HO  perfect,  that  at  first  s^t 
it  Beema  as  if  littlo  more  than  a.  roof 
were  wanted  to  restore  it.  It  consists 
of  nave,  transept,  choir,  and  eastt-rn 
transept.  The  tower  is  at  the  end  of 
the  N.  transept,  A  door  at  the  S.E. 
angle  of  the  nave  leads  into  the 
Cioisfer  Court,  round  wbioli  were 
ranged,  as  usual,  the  chief  conventual 
buildings.  On  the  E.  was  the  ChapUr- 
Jioaae,  E.  E.,  but  of  an  earlier  oharacter 
than  the  choir.  It  is  rectangular,  and 
was  divided  into  3  aisles  by  a  double 
TOW  of  3  columns,  the  bases  of  which 
alone  remain.  A  staircase  leads  from 
Qie  S.E.  angle  of  the  cloister  to  the 
Hali  0/  Plan,  or  court-house  of  the 
abbey.  The  great  Befeclonj,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  cloister,  is  E.  £.,  109  ft. 
by  46i.  The  Jhtiaii  Conversoram,  or 
room  of  the  converts,  300  ft.  long,  ex- 
tends from  the  S.  side  of  the  cb.  to 
the  river  Skall,  and  Is  most  striking 
and  impressive.  (For  a  very  interest- 
ing account  of  "TheCistereian  Abbeys 
of  Yorkshire,"  see  '  Fraaer's  Magazine,' 
Sept.  1376.)  Fouitlairti  Eali  stands 
a  little  beyond  the  West  Gate,  and  is  a 
moatpictutesCLueJameal.mansion.  A 
few  hundred  yards  from  it  is  entrance 
to  Spa  Gill,  well  worth  a  visit.  A 
magnificent  view  over  the  plain  of 
York  is  obtained  fiom  Hoa  Hill,  about 
i  m.  S.W.  of  the  abbey. 

(6)  Marhenfield  Hall,  2  m.  W.  of 
Bipon,  well  deserves  a  visit  from  the 
antiqnarj.     The  plan  (as  the  house 


now  stands)  Is  a  large  insular  court, 
formed  partly  by  the  house,  and  partly 
by  stables  and  other  ont-buildings, 
surrounded  by  a  moat.  The  Dec 
house  was  added  lo  and  altered  in  the 
15th  and  16th  centuries. 

(c)  Backfall,  7  m,  from  Ripon. 
Tsicing  the  road  to  Tanfield  iposf), 
turn  off  at  Steningford,  and  passing 
the  little  village  of  Mickley,  we  reach 
that  of  Grewelihorpe.  Here  the  car- 
riage must  be  left,  and  thivnigh  a 
widcet  at  the  entrance  of  the  Tillage, 
the  woods  of  HackJall  are  entered. 
(Each  visitor  must  pay  Sd.  iat  his 
ticket,  which  is  to  be  had  at  a  cottage 
opposite  the  entrance.)  A  stream  here 
descends  through  a  most  romantic 
glen,  the  sides  of  which  are  covered 
with  wood,  to  join  the  river  Ure.  A 
path  winds  downwards  to  the  river, 
crosses  the  "Hack"  burn,  and  then 
reascends  stegily  towards  Mowbray 
Castle,  an  artificial  rule  ;  end  to  Moi^ 
bray  Point,  whence  a  wonderful  view 
bursts  on  the  eye. 

(d)  An  excursion  nay  also  be  made 
to  Brimham  Rocks,  about  7  m.  on  high 
road  to  Pateley  Bridge ;  the  rocks  are 
a  curious  group  of  ininenae  blocks 
(millstone  grit),  heaped  in  wild  con- 
fusion and  worn  by  atmospheric  action 
into  fantaetio  shapes :  they  stand  oa 
high  moorland  (900  ft.  above  the  sea), 
which  affords  fine  views.  1  m.  fortha 
on  Is  Fateley  Bridge,  whence  the 
tourist  can  return  by  rail  to  Bipon. 

(e)  A  pleasant  drive  may  be  taken 
from  iCipon  to  the  picturesqiie  village 
of  Tanjteld,  about  T  m.,  passing  at  3  m. 
on  1.  the  Roman  camp  of  Castu  Dyket. 
At  Taufleld  the  Ch.,  originally  Norm, 
has  some  monuments  to  the  Marmion 
family  and  others.  W.  of  the  oh.  is 
the  gateway  of  the  old  Cattle. 

(/)  An  excursion  may  also  be  made 
from  Eipon  to  Areui6jfliiU(Irfidy  Mary 
Tynec),  about  i  m.  S.E.,  which  baa  a 
good  ehUue  ijallery.  Not  far  from  the 
lodge  gates  is  the  beautiful  new  Ch. 
(13th-cent.  stylo)  dedicated  to  "Ohriet 
the  Consoler,"  erected  by  Mr.  Burgess 
for  Lady  M.  Vyner  in  memory  of  hei 


HIYtNGTON—nOCamTEB. 


Rivinsion  (Lane.)— Im.  E.  of 
Adlingtott  Slat.,  L.  A  Y.  Bl^.,  a  prett; 
Talk  throDgh  the  fields — ib  a  village 
charmingly  situated  at  the  foot  of 
Etvingtcfn  Pike  by  the  aide  of  tlje 
Sivington  Beierixriri,  two  raat  sheets 
of  water  of  500  acres,  holding  3100 
millions  of  gallons,  and  constructed 
to  supply  LiveraxJ  with  water.  Inn  .- 
Blacbamoor's  Head.  OmDibtts  fkim 
Bolton  daily  in  the  sommer. 

EecuTSiojiB.— (o)  To  Dean  Wood  (1 
m.  N.>,  a  beautiful  little  elen.  (6) 
Ascend,  by  the  baiLks  of  the  little  river 
Douglas,  Ei^ngton  Pike,[oc  the  sake  of 
the  view  over  the  Irish  Chanoel  and 
the  Cumberland  mountains. 

EoAD,  see  Trmebridge. 

BoBiH  Hood's  Bay,  see  Whitby. 

nocester (Staff.).  Slat.(Junc. 
with  Ashbourne  line),  N.  Staff.  Rl^. 
1  m.  N.  at  Demtoit  are  a  good  Gothic 
cb.  (byfflreri)Bnda  Dew  middle-class 
school. 

Exewtion. — Nearly  21  m.  to  Croxden 
Ahhey,  founded  for  Cietercians  by  Ber- 
tram de  Verdon  in  1176,  and  where 
King  John's  bowels  are  bnried.  The 
ruins  are  E.  E.,  and  consist  of  the  W. 
front  with  deeply  splayed  windows  and 
recessed  door.  There  are  also  the  S. 
wall  of  the  nave,  and  S.  transept  with 
the  great  halt  and  refectoiT.  The 
eituation  is  very  charming,  'The  walk 
can  be  extended  for  3)  m.  N.  to  Alton 
Tower»  (see  Altnti). 

Roclidule  (Lancash.)— Stat.. 
L.  &  Y.  Ely.  (Inni .-  Wellington ;  Beed 
Hotel) — a  bu^  manu&cturing  town, 
occnpied  chiefly  in  the  woollen  trade, 
and  situated  in  a  pretty  and  broken 
district  on  the  Boch  and  Spodden,  and 
within  easy  distance  of  the  Blackstone 
Edge,  which  divides  Lancashire  from 
YoAshire.  The  Ck.  contains  a  menu- 
ment  to  Sir  Bertine  Entwistle,  who  was 
present  at  Agincourt,  and  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  St  Albans,  1455.  The 
Tmcn  HaU  (cost  I37.OO0I.)  and  Public 
HaU  are  both  handsome  modern  build- 
ings. Healey  Sail,  2  m.  On  the  Bacop 
rwtd,  built  in  1783  by  J.  Chadwiok. 
Vlrit  the  "  Thrust,"  a  narrow  wooded 
glen  near  Healey  Hall,  through  which 
Die  Spodden  flows;  also  "Tyrone's 
Bed"  m  the  valley  of  the  Boch,  2  m.. 


where  the  Earl  of  Tyrone  wb«  iu  the 
habit  of  concealing  himself.  LiltU- 
borough(Etat.3i  m.  IromBochdalo)  isa 
pretty  little  villageat  thefootof  JSfoc^- 
(tone£cige,  which  the  pedestrian  should 
ascend  for  the  sake  of  the  wild  views 
into  Yorkshire.  A  short  distance  on 
rt  is  HoUingaortk  Lake,  a  pretty  sheet 
of  water,  a  great  resort  of  holiday- 
makers.  There  is  an  hold  by  side 
of  the  lake.  The  admirer  of  rock 
scenery  should  walk  from  Little- 
borough  to  Todmorden,  5  m.  (Inn: 
Queen's),  through  the  Calder  valley. 
RocBE  AsBEY,  see  Blyth  and  Rolher- 

BocHB  Bocks,  see  8L  Auitdl. 

Boctaester  (Kent).  State.  L. 
C.  4  D.  Ely.,  and  N.  Kent  Ely.  Itini: 
the  Crown ;  the  Bull,  or  Boyal  Vic- 
toria. On  leaving  the  stations,  which 
are  on  the  Strood  side  of  the  Medway, 
the  great  Norm.  Castle  and  Cathedral 
rise  into  view.  Cresting  the  hill  be- 
yond is  Fort  Pitt,  above  Chatham; 
and  immediately  before  ua  is  the  river, 
crowded  with  barges  and  steamers. 
E/Kheiter  Bridge,  1.,  by  which  we  pass 
into  the  city,  hna  always  been  one  of 
the  lions  ot  the  place  and  a  triumph 
of  engineering  skill.  Toward  the 
Strood  end  is  the  "  Bning-bridge." 
'The  machinery  here  employed  should 
be  csrefolly  examined,  a  weight  of 
200  tons  being  readily  swung  by  2 


bably  rebuilt  in  Norm,  times,  though 
lie  eastern  portions  are  E.  E.  The 
building,  bowever,hadM1en  into  such 
a  state  of  decay  and  disfigurement,  that 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  in  1871  made 
strenuous  efibrte  for  its  restoration,  and 
so  ^  as  the  ftmds  at  their  command 
would  permit,  this  has  been  (1875) 
offeoted  under  the  direction  of  Sir  G, 

.  Scott,  at  a  cost  of  about  20,000i. 

The  W.  front,  with  the  exception  of 

le  great  Potp.  window,  belongs  to  tho 
Norm,  period,  &om  Gnndolf  to  Bp. 
John,  and  the  great  door  is  a  very 
"  le  example  of  this  time. 

The  Nave  is  Norm.,  as  &c  as  the 


SOCBESTM—SOXSEt. 


last  2  bays  eastward.  The  triforium 
IB  richlj  ornamented,  and  the  arches 
□pen  to  the  sido  aislcg,  as  well  as  (o 
tlie  nave. 

The  Weitem  or  Nave  Traneepta  are 
both  E.  E.,  differing  in  detail— the  N. 
bcin^  much  richer  than  the  S. 

TheCAoir  has  undergone  a  eomplele 
refltoration.    A  new  carred  oak  choir 

fnlpit  has  been  set  np  in  the  placo  of 
he  old  one,  which  1ib4  been  temnijed 
to  the  nave.  A  new  rewdoB  has  also 
been  erected.  In  the  B.  wall  of  the  8. 
cboii  transept  is  the  Ckapter-)M)iue 
door,  one  of  the  ^eat  (glories  of  the 
cathedral.  The  Chapter-houBe  into 
which  this  door  opens  is  a  modem 
addition,  and  serres  also  as  the  Library 
of  thecnthedntl. 

From  this  transept  a  steep  flight  of 

St.   Edmunds   Chapel.     From  the 
chapel  we  enter  the  Onmt,  which 
.tends  nnder  the  whole  of  the  choir. 

Returning  to  the  extern,  the  chief 
point  to  be  noticed  is  Qundulfa  Tomer 
at  the  E.  end  of  the  N,  transept.  The 
greater  part  of  the  ceTUral  tmeer  dates 
from  1825. 

Close  to  the  cathedral  is  the  Castle, 
the  mine  of  which  give  a  powerful 
impression  of  ancient  grandeur.  The 
present  Norm,  keep  forms  a  quadrangle 
more  than  70  ft.  square,  and  about  100 
high.  The  wonderful  strength  and 
massive  character  of  the  masonry 
should  be  noticed.  From  the  third 
stjirey  a  noble  view  is  commanded. 

The  visitor  should  walk  quite  round 
the  Castle,  bothontaide  and  inside  the 
walls  (admission  3  J.),  for  the  sake  of 
the  many  picturesque  points  of  vi< 
in  which  it  presents  itself.  There 
a  plea»nt  public  walk,  planted  with 
trees,  under  the  wall,  along  tho  *'' 
way. 

The  ch.  of  St.  Hiehdaa  adjoin 
cathedral,  and  S.  of  the  castle  is  St. 
Margaret's. 

On  the  N.  side  of  the  High-street  is 
HUhard  Wattle  Hotpiua,  io--'-'  '- 
1579. 

A  most  interesting  eicur 
be  made  to  Cobham  H<dl  (Earl  of 
Daraley),  5  m.,  from  whence  the  tourist 
may  visit  the  churches  of  Shome  and 


through  the  woods  of  the  Parb,  is  a 
Tery  pleasant  one.  The  bonse  and 
licture -gallery  nre  open  only  on 
i'ridaye.  Carda  of  admission  most  bs 
procured  at  Caddel's  Libraries,  High- 
street,  Bochesler,  or  at  Oravesend.  li. 
is  charged  for  these  cards,  which 
prevents  all  fees  to  the  housekeeper. 
The  collection  of  pictures  is  anperb^ 
chiefly  of  foreign  schools.  The  Park, 
which  is  well  varied  with  bill  and 
dale,  is  7  m.  in  circumference  and 
nobly  wooded.  It  contains  a  heronrr 
of  considerable  size,  and  is  weU 
stocked  with  deer. 

nue  of  4  rows  of  lime-treee 
extends  for  more  than  1000  yards  on 
the  S.  aide  of  the  house,  and  leads 
direct  to  the  Sole-street  Stat. 

The  Church  of  Cobham  amply  de- 
serves a  visit.  It  containa  an  du- 
rivalled  collection  of  brasses- 
Adjoining  the  ch.-yd.  are  the  scanty 
ruins  of  the  Old  CofUge,  and  the  New 
College  or  almshouse,  forming  a  quad- 
rangle containing  SO  lodfi;iog-rooms 
and  a  large  hall,  now  used  as  a  chapel 
for  the  pensioners. 

N.  of  Cobham  Park  is  Oouf «  EiB, 
on  the  S.  side  of  which  is  the  house  in 
which  the  late  Chark)  Dickem  resided. 
It  has  been  purchased  by  hia  bod. 

RoOKBOBNE,  see  Fordingbridge. 

BooETNOHAM,  Kc  Kettertiig. 

HoKEBT,  Bee  Barnard  CatlU. 

BoEEB,  see  Sunderland. 

Romford  (EeseiX  Stat.  Gt. 
Eastern  Bly.,  12}  m.  from  Liverroot- 
slreet  terminus.  Inn:  White  Hart. 
A  town  on  the  Bom, 

3  m.  N.  is  the  prettily  wooded 
homlet  of  Havering-atte-BoiceT.  The 
"Liberty"  of  Havering  was  a  vetj 
ancient  royal  demesne,  end  Edward 
the  Confessor  had  a  residence  hero,  of 
which  traces  in  certain  mounds  are 
said  to  remain  near  the  ch,  Bmctr 
House  (K  P.  Matthews,  E«q.)  ttands 
nearly  on  the  site  of  the  {Hdace.  Tfas 
ground  is  high,  and  from  it  aro  eiten- 
sive  and  beautiflil  views.  Coach  daily 
to  Corbet's  Toy,  4J  ro.  by  Homchnna 


(Hant«>-€liU.,  L.  4 


BOTHBUSr. 


— is  situated  od  the  river  Test,  a  good 
trout  stream.  In  tlie  Market-plaue  is 
a  brouze  statue  by  A'otie  of  Lrad  Pal. 
meTStOQ.  The  gieat  object  of  interest, 
however,  is  the  noble  Ablieij  Ck.,  210  ft. 
long,  75  ft.  high;  an  excelleut  spnci- 
men  of  a  puielj'  Norm,  conventual 
church,  passing  into  ae  good  E,  E.  in 
the  3  W.  bajB  of  the  nave,  and  speci- 
mens  of  the  Norm,  stjle.  Tbe  West 
JVoni  ia  very  fine,  of  E.  E.  design.  The 
centre  is  oocnpied  by  a  triplet  of  lan- 
cets £Ued  with  painted  glass.  Obi. 
the  Norm,  door  of  the  IS,  aisle,  and  an 
ancieot  cmciflx  close  to  it ;  a  very 
ancient  aanlpture,  as  a  memorial  of 
Lord  Palaereton.  Close  to  tbe  town, 
S.,  in  a  parli  ttuversed  by  tbe  Test,  is 
the  late  Lord  Falmeraton's  residence, 
Broadlandt  (Bt  Hon.  W.  Cowptr- 
Temple},  designed  by  "  Capability 
Brown."  The  late  Lord  Palmerslon's 
(Premier)  favourite  room  overlooks 
the  Teat. 

2  m,  N.  is  Slandridge,  where  a  pin- 
nacled bonee,  with  porch,  dated  1<>&2, 
is  supposed  io  oconpy  tlie  site  of 
Ethelwulf's  manor.  3  m.  W.  isEmilej 
Park,  the  home  of  Florence  Nightin- 
gale. The  Ch.  of  E.  ffeMmo,  2  m. 
nirther,  has  some  wall-paiatings  worth 
notice. 

BosEDALi,  see  Whitby. 
BosHBRViLLB,  See  GTave$eftd. 
Boss,  see  Wyt  Biver. 
BossALL,  see  Fleetwood, 
EosTHBSNB,  see  JWrijwAam. 
BosTHWAiTE,  see  Kamck. 
Roth  bury  (Northumberland), 
Slat.,  N.  Brit.  Bly.  (Border  Countiea 
Line),  1  br.  10  mia.  bv  rail  from  Mor- 
peth, and  12  to.  by  road  from  Alnwick. 
Jung ;  New  Joint-Stock  Bothbury  H. 
beautifully  situated  ;  good  £sbing  (al- 
most free)  in  the  Coquet.   Atlowerend 
of  the  TillBgp,  near  tbe  green,  is  the 
Ch«nh  of  All  Saints,  with  E.-E.  chancel 
and  transepts.    In  the  porch  are  frag- 
ments of   sculpture,  and  an  incised 
cross.    The  red  aandstone  font  is  very 
curious.  OntheN.W.isOEiJJiotAbur^, 
a  Qamp  with  double  vallum.    S.  of  the 
Coquet  is   Whitltm   Toaer  (Bev.  Dr. 
Ainger,  a  fortified  15th-oent.  rectory, 


_  Northnnber- 

a  Peel  Tower. 

.—(1)  IJ  m.  8.  of  Both- 
bury is  the  picturesque  hill  of  Simon- 
tide ;  5i  w.  further  S..  by  road  or  rail, 
may  be  vieited  Niamykirh  (p.  W.  Orde, 
EsqO.  in  richly  wooded  park.  2  m.  W, 
of  Nunnykirk  is  tbe  cbalybeate  spring 
□f  Wiitgate  Spa,  and  a  little  S.  E. 
of  Nannykirk  is  Nether  Wittoii  (see 
Morpeth).  (2)  2  m.  N.  W.  are  pictur- 
esque ruina  of  CaHittglon  CattU.  Tbe 
eicaraion  may  be  continued  about  4  m. 
to  Callaly  CaitU  (E.  Ciavering,  Eeq.), 
au  old  mansion  attached  to  a  single 
towerofan  originalborderftrlresB.  In 
the  park  is  the  CadU  Hill,  crowned  by 
a  ciTCular  camp.  2  ra.  further  N.,  at 
Whiltingham,  is  tbe  cruciform  Ch.  of 
St,  BaHkolomea,  once  interesting  as 
postessing  remains  of  an  old  Saxon 
ch.,  but  totally  spoilt  by  restoration 
inlS42;  the  lower  portion  of  the  tower, 
and  the  comers  of  tbe  nave,  alone  re- 
main (at  the  W.  end)  of  tliis  Baxon 
building.  1  m.  'W.  is  Etlijiglon,  in 
deer-park,  watered  by  the  Am,  and 
witb  pleasant  views  of  the  Cheviots; 
it  has  some  interesting  portraits.  (3) 
To  Altitcick,  psssiug  EMingham  CaitU 
(see  AlnieicK).  (4)  A  b^utiful  ex- 
cursion may  ba  made  E,  and  W.  of 
Kothbury,  through  Ooqueldale — (a) 
leaving  Hotlibury  E.,  and  passing  Ihs 
2%ruin,  where  the  Coquet  £owb  through 
the  beautiful  rocky  gully,  is  reached 
at  3  m.  Craigtide,  built  1870  t?  Sir 
W.  G.  Armstrong,  where  the  very 
beuutiful  gardens  are  open  to  strangers 
on  Thursdays.  I  m.  farther  on  is 
Briitkbam  Priory,  beautifully  eitnaled 
on  a  secluded  peninsula  formed  bj  the 
Coquet.  The  Ch.  of  SS.  Peter  and 
Paul  (restored  1858)  has  in  N.  of  nave 
a  very  rich  Trans,  doorway,  round- 
headed,  and  with  Norm,  ornaments. 
1}  m.  beyond  Brinkbum  is  Weldo^t 
Bridge  (Appleby's  Anglers'  Inn,  clean 
and  good,  much  leaorted  to  by  fisher- 
men and  artists).  A  coach  leaves 
Bothbtuy  daily  at  2.30  f.u.  for  Weldon 
Bridge,  and  goes  on  to  Morpeth,  (b) 
Leaving  Bothhury  W.,  at  4|  m.  is 
2  B 


BOTBESEAX—BO  WSLET. 


Sepfle  (Sir  W.  BiddeU,  Bt-X  which 

has  remains  of  an  ancient  oaaUe  of  the 
TikiUeboj'i  family.  4  m.  further  on 
the  river  if  ctosBod  bya  ford,  J  m.  I,  of 
vhicb  is  Ihe  hamlet  of  Htdlyttoae : 
sereral  curioas  fiagmonta  of  Boulptore 
are  built  into  the  Tails  of  the  littie  cb. 
From  tho  villago  a  path  leads  to  the 
atriking  and  inWreitiog  "  Our  Lady's 
Well,"  rising  from  water  of  which  is  ft 
tall  inscribed  oross.  On  the  brink  is  a 
tooas-gtown  statue  of  an  ecoleaiaslic. 
2  in.  beyond  Hallyetone  tbe  road  de- 
Boends  npon  EarbotOe  (Inn :  Star).  Tbe 
rnina  of  ftie  CatOe,  built  1155-89,crown 
a  lofty  green  mound.  \  m.  f^m  the 
village  is  the  interesting  Dmidical 
Brake  Stone,  and  by  tbe  email  tarn 
near  it  a  Druidical  rook  basin.  N.  of 
the  Coqnet  is  Eetehesier  Camp,  with 
triple  entrenchment ;  and  S.  is  Hare- 
haagh  Camp,  with  triple  rampart  and 
vrater  on  3  sides.  A  short  distanoe 
N.  W.  of  Harbottle  is  Alwiinton,  beau- 
tifully sitnated  on  oonfluenue  of  tbe 
Alwine  and  Coqnet,  Lovely  eiour- 
eion  may  be  made  &om  Harbottle  to 
Coquet  Head,  10  m.  N.W,  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  Thiilmoor ;  at  Chew  Cheen, 
near  Coquet  Head,  is  an  extraordinary 
series  of  lioman  camps,  and  there  are 
fine  views  of  Teviotdale,  the  Tweed, 
and  8.B.  of  Scotland.  Between  Cbew 
Green  and  Bedesdale,  at  intervals  of 
about  1  m.,  are  5  of  the  antiquities 
called  lie  G<Mea  Pod,  pedestals  2  ft. 


ROttaerhain  (Yorksh.),  &tata., 
G.  N.,  Midland  (6  m.  from  Sheffield), 
sndHancb.,Shefi'.,& Linc.Klys.  Ina: 
down.  This  is  a  thriving  but  murky 
town,  trading  principally  in  iron  and 
coal.  It  stands  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Rother  with  the  Bon,  wbioh  is 
navigable  hence  to  the  Hnmber.  f  m. 
across  tbe  Bon  is  Mmboroagh  (Jnn  i 
the  Prince  of  Wales),  a  suburb  of 
Botherbam. 

The  chief  point  of  interest  is  the  Gh. 
of  All  Saints  (restored  by  Sajtt),"  one  of 
the  finest  Porp.  churches  in  tbe  north." 

On  the  exterior  remark  (he  very  bean- 
tifli!  W.  front,  with  its  panelled  door- 
way (now  closed),  and  the  great  Perp. 
window  above  it;  the  8.  porch,  the 
lofty  clerestory  of  tlie  nave,  tbe  tr — 


tbe  lofty  crooketed  spire.  TFiitAi'n, 
the  bold  and  lofty  proporldoiis  of  the 
nave  are  very  striking.  The  preaont 
root  of  the  central  tower  ia  covered  with 
.n  tmcery:  but  this  was  originally 
lantern.  In  the  chancel,  the  seditia 
end  piscina,  and  the  niches  on  each  side 
of  the  E.  window,  deserve  attention. 

Boche  Abbey  (8  m.  S.  S.)  adjoins 
3andbefJc  Park  (Earl  of  Scarborough), 
The  main  gateway  (Deo.)  and  the 
ruine  of  tbe  Oh.  are  tbe  principal  relice 
(see  also  Blyth).  The  fine  Ch.  of 
LaugTiion-en-le-Morthen  is  2  m.  S.W. 
from  Bot^e,  and  7  m.  E.  by  S.  of 
liotherham.  It  has  been  restored  by 
Sir  G.  G.  Scott,  and  well  deservee  • 

A  road  of  about  i  m.  will  bring  the 
tourist  to  TMhiU,  a  small  town  with  a 
fine  and  large  Feip.  Clu  and  the  frag- 
ments  of  a  csatle. 

FenttoortA  Smaa  and  Park  (EocI 
Fitzwilliam)  is  1  m.  N.W.  of  Bother- 
ham  (see  Sheffield). 

BoTnWELL,  see  Market  Harboroa^ 

BoTTiMonEAN,  gec  Brighton. 

EonsDWAy  Hill,  see  I>evize$. 

Bowslej  (Derby.).  Stat  (fbr 
Chatsworth),  Midi.  Rly.,  about  1  hr. 
from  Derby.  Jnn;  Peacock,  an  otd- 
&ahionBd  house,  comfortable,  and  ex- 
cellent fishing  qoarters  for  tbe  W;e  and 
Derwent.  Omnibus  to  Ckatmeorlh(iee), 
3§m.  The  Ch.  has  a  beautiful  efflg^,!^ 
CaZii«rMir8haS,toLadyJDhnaiannen 
and  her  Child.  ExiMraiont.~-(a)  2  m. 
S.  to  Stanton,  and  its  eariy  rock  and 
stone  remains.  J  m.  8.  of  the  viU™ 
are  tbe  Nine  Ladies,  a  cirolo  of  35  a., 
the  Andie  Stone,  across  the  moor,  and 
others,  i  m.  S.  of  the  tatter  are  the 
Bmitlor  Rocks,  a  curiously  weathered 
collection  of  millstone  grit.  Cross  tbe 
tnmpifce-toad  to  Cratdif  Tor  with  its 
hermitage,  and  then  to  Bobin  Eooft 
Stride,  or  Mock  Begma't  EaU,  on 
Hartle  Moor.  The  whole  round  will 
be  S  or  9  m.  (fi)  To  Yoidgreave,  3  m. 
G.S.E.  The  (m.  has  an  old  font  with 
a  chriamatory.  4  m.  farther  W.  is 
Arbetowa,  a  famous  cirde  sonoanded 
b^  a  rampart  and  ditch,  and  conneoted 
with  a  "low"  called  Bunker's  Hill  or 
Gib  Hill,  350  yds.  distant  («)  To  ■ 
Haddon  SaU  (see). 


SUABON—BVTHIH. 


871 


Ruabon  (Denbigli.).  Juno. 
Btat.  (196  m.  &om  Paddington),  for 
Ll&neollen^  Corwen,  and  Bala,  and 
included  in  N.  Wales  New  Circulw 
Tout  from  Stats,  on  L.  *  N.  W,  Kly. 
(Inn  :  Wymistay  Arms).  A  small  vU- 
lage,  important  from  neighbouring 
uonwoTks  and  oolliorios.  Close  b;  ib 
Wipmglay  (Sir  W.  W.  Wynn,  Bt.),  the 
park  of  wMcb,  said  to  be  the  largest 
in  Wales,  is  nearly  S  m.  in  circum- 
ference. Close  to  the  park  gates  is 
the  Cb.,  in  whioh  note  the  monuments 
of  the  WjHQ  fiiii}ily,  and  altar-tomb  of 
the  Eyton  family.  The  chief  objeets  of 
interest  ere  the  avenue,  1  m.  long,  the 
bath,  the  column  (10  ft.  high),  the 
Waterloo  Tower  (gee  also  tSiri).  From 
the  Waterloo  Tower  a  lovely  walk  leads 
along  the  vall^  of  the  Dee  to  the 
mausoleum  at  Natit-y-hdan,  "the  Mar- 
tea's  Dinglo,"  erected  by  Sir  Watkin 
to  the  memory  of  Welsh  officers  who 
feUin  the  Irish  rebellion  of  I79S.  The 
walk  may  be  coutiuned  through  the 
woods  to  Newbridge,  2^  m.  distant. 

Excwtioni.— To  Overton,  5  m.  (Bee 
Oawetliy).  2  to.  N.  of  Overton,  on 
Wreihuu  load,  is  Bangor  Iicoed  (held 
by  srane  to  be  the  Boman  Bovium),  the 
Ch.  of  which  u  beautifiill^  situated 
m  the  banks  of  the  Dee,  which  is  here 
crossed  by  a  piotniesqae  bridge  of  5 
arches.  The  walk  mny  be  continned 
to  Wrexham,  6  m.  further  on,  return- 
ing to  Buabon,  by  rail,  5  m.  To 
Uongoilen,  6  m .,  through  the  far- famed 
Vale  of  LlangoOen  (see).  To  Chirk 
Parh  and  Castle  (8}  m.)  by  road,  or 
ma  Chirk  Stat. 

Dittaiices. — Corwen,  1  hr.  by  rail; 
Elleamere,  9  m.  by  road ;  Oswestry, 
11  m.  (1  br.  by  rwl). 
BoAH  MiNOB,  see  HeUUm. 
BuARDEAN,  see  Wye. 
BcDSTOHE,  see  Bridlington. 
KuDYAHD,  see  Leek. 
BciTOBii  Abbey,  see  OlUrltm. 
]|ug-bj(Warwick.X  Stat.,L.ftN. 
W.  Ely,  82jm.from  London.    Branch 
lincstoLeamington,16im. ;  to  Market- 
Haitxirongh  and  Stamford,  ll^m.;  aud 
(Uidland   Bly.)  to  Leicester,   20  m. 
Jam:  Boyal  George  H.;  Horse  Shoea 
Commercial  H.    The  Qrammat  School 
was  founded  15G7,  and  now  ranks  hb 


of  the  most  important  schools  in 
the  kingdom.  Ita  uandsome  chapel 
has  memorial  windows  to  Bugbeans 
who  foU  in  the  Sikh  war,  Iho  Indian 
Mutiny,  and  in  the  Crimea ;  and  monu- 
with  sculptured  efBgiea,  io 
Dra.  James  (by  ChanlTVy),  WooU,  and 
Arnold,  former  head-masters.  Itjhas, 
also,  a  fine  organ  worked  by  means  of 
electricity.  The  visilor  is  also  shown 
the  chair  and  table  used  by  the  late 
Dr.  Arnold. 

Diataneea.  —  Birroingham,  30  m, 
Lichfield,  32i  m.;  Coventry,  llj  m. 

~  -  -  (Staff.),  June.  Stat, 
L.&N.W.Bly";  (Trent  VaUey).  /»»; 
Shrewsbury  Arms.  The  chanoel  ij 
the  old  ch.,  used  as  a  school-house, 
t  of  J.  Weston,  a 
pnest  of  the  16th  cent.  Exearaon. — 
2J  m.  N.  to  HametaU  Ridieare,  manor- 
houBO,  with  a  watob-tower.  The  Ch. 
has  carved  oak  staUs  and  screen,  and 
old  painted  glass.  2^  m.  further  N, 
is  Abbofi  Brotaley  (Inn.-  Bsgofs 
Arms).  3  m.  E.  is  village  of  Nea- 
borongh,  in  centre  of  Needaood  Foreit. 
Sta^ord  (see)  is  9  m.  N.W. 

BuuBALs's  UooB.  See  IVcley. 

BuNNiMEDE,  see  Egham. 

RuBHALL,  see  WaUaU. 

BuBHDEN,  see  ffeHingborougft. 

BusriHQTOii.  see  lAm^iamplon. 

~  -  ■  (Denbigh.),  Stat..  1S5I 
Padding^ton  via  Shrewsbnn, 
and  6i  m.  by  rail  from  Denbigh, 
BoteU:  *Ca8Ue  (late  White  Lion); 
Wynnslay  Arms ;  Cross  Foxes.  A 
pleasant  old-&ahiotied  little  town  on 
rt.  bank  of  the  Clwjd.  The  Caitia 
(F.  R.  Wert.  Esq.)  is  a  modem  build- 
ing of  red  sandstone,  and  is  built  npon 
and  within  the  walls  of  the  ancient 
one,  which  was  (temp.  Edw.  L)  also 
of  red  sandstone  (Castell  Cooh,  Bed 
Castle).  Strangers  are  admitted  to 
view  mansion  on  entering  name  at 
gate.  Underneath  the  walls  of  the 
castle,  and  on  the  river,  is  an  old  mill, 
of  the  reign  of  Edw.  I.,  with  lancet 
windows  and  red  sandstone  cross  over 
the  gable.  The  Ch.,  restored  ISSS, 
was  conventual  and  of  the  14:th  cent. 
Note  Perp.  oak  roof  in  N.  aisle,  divided 
into  panels  and  ornamented  with  nearly 
SOO  different  devices,  legends,  &.c. ;  the 


872  RVTi 

lantem  aMhesoftbe  tower;  the  stained 
E.  window^veu  by  the  late  J.  Jesse  of 
Llanbedr  mil ;  aod  munerouB  brsHses 
ftnd  mural  tobleb.  Theie  is  aa  etSgj 
of  Dean  Goodman,  a  benefactor  to  the 
town  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth.  Ad- 
joining Ch.  are  the  "  cloisten,"  now  the 
dwelling  of  the  Warden  of  Bathin 
(Bev.  B.  Jones). 

ExeanioBt. — At }  m.  1.  ie  lian/torog, 
in  Cb.  of  which  note  the  rather  euignlar 
arcades.  A  little  further  S.  is  Pool 
Park  (a  sent  of  Lord  Bae;ot,  in  which 
are  wme  intereeting  antiquities,  viz. 
an  iiueribed  etone  pillar,  and  atone 
chair,  locally  called  the  "  Queen's 
Chair."  On  the  bills  oroond,  theand- 
quarian  may  iospect  circles,  cyttiau 
and  caraeddau,  almost  to  repletion. 
Within  1  m.  from  Pool  Park  is  the 
quaint  little  Ch.  of  Efetteehtyd,  snp- 
poeed  to  have  been  a  nunnery,  contain- 
ing wooden  font,  and  good  rood-loft, 
need  as  a  singing  gallery.  Obaerre  old- 
fiishioned  knocker  on  the  door,  illustra- 
tive  of  the  parable  of  the  Ten  Vitgins. 
From  Efenechtyd  the  loorist  ntcy  pro- 
ceed by  a  somewhat  wild  cauntiy  to 
Cerrig-y-druidion,  abont  10  m.  {Ina: 
Lion),  passing  Clooamog  (whore  Cam- 
den saw  an  inscribed  stone),  Giya 
Hyfer,  and  iilanvAiingeJ.  At  Cetrig- 
T-^^iidioQ  a  road  branches  rt.  to 
FeDtrevoelas  and  Bettwe-y-Ooed,  and 
I.  to  CoTwen,  10  m.  To  JJenWoA,  8  m. 
At  abont  1  m.  is  Baehymbyd,  a  re- 
sidenoe  of  Lrad  Bagot,  where  are  3 
noteworthy  cheitnnta  near  the  high 
road,  called  "the  Three  Sisters,"  the 
lai^est  being  35  ft.  round  at  6  fL  from 
the  ground.  About  1  m.  farther  on  is 
lianrhaiadr,  where  are  Brymnorfijdd 

gl.  Uniacke,  iElgq.)  and  Llanrhatadr 
afl.  TheCft.hasgoodtimberroofand 
celebrated  E.  window,  with  elaborately 
pointed  subject,  "  the  Boot  of  Jesse ;" 
the  glass  was  found  in  a  carious  old 
cheat  buried  in  the  ch.-yard,  of  which 
the  hiugee  and  locks  are  puzzles.  Note 
mootonent,  with  ourions  epitaph,  to  M. 
Jones,  Esq.  Near  the  Ch.  are  remains 
of  an  old  weU  (Ffynnon  St.  DyAiog), 
supposed  lo  work  miraculous  cure:*. 
2  m.  further  on,l.,iB  Tilrad  (T.Hughes, 
Esq.).  AndonoppositebankofClwyd 
is  Gtanyviem  (J.  E.  Haddocks,  Esq.). 


On  the  hills  above  ara  the  villages 
of  Llangwyfea  and  Llatidi/mog.  In 
chancel  of  Cb.  of  laller  is  a  plain  slab 
to  memory  of  Up,  Boberts  of  !Bangor. 
A  UtUo  beyond  Ystrad,  Whitchureh 
is  passed,  1  m.  from  Denbigh.  Foe  tbe 
last  2  m.  there  is  a  fine  view,  I.,  of  the 
castle  and  town  of  Denbigh.  To  JUbld, 
10  m.,  either  by  high  road  passiog 
Uanftrres,  or  by  a  more  oronitaas 
bridle-road,  passing  GiletR  and  Motl 


mado  S.  of  Ruthin  tbrough  the  "wild 
hills  of  Yale."  (o)  About  2  m.  S. 
is  reached  the  little  ch.  of  Zian/ait 
^Sffryn  Clteyd,  and,  at  3  m.,  IJanfair 
Chapel.  Tbe  road  now  winds  throcgb 
a  very  picturesque  ravine  to  the  Crount 
Inn,  6  m.  further  on  (or  5  tu.  by 
shorter  road  over  the  hill),  paasiiig  at 
2  m.  from  tlie  inn  tbe  la^  tumnlui 
called  Tomen-M-rAodwy.  On  I,  ia  tba 
village  of  Uaudegla  (Cb.  of  St  Tecla), 
on  river  Alun,  where  is  a  famous  v^ 
efBcacious  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  From 
the  Crown  Ina  the  tourist  may  pro- 
ceed round  the  base  of  Cym-y-brxtt* 
(ISST  ft.)  to  Minera.  about  2  m.  (iuv 
tLer  on,  whence  it  ia  5  to  Wrtczham. 
(b)  From  Llandegla  the  tourist  may 
visit  FUu  SodidrU,  an  ancient  re- 
sidence of  the  Yaugbaas  of  Ocny- 
gedol;  and,  ft  m.  further  N.,  Idanar- 
mon  in  Tale,  where  tlie  Ch.,  dedic»i«d 
to  St.  Germanus,  coritnins,  nnder  arch 
ia  S.  wall,  a  figure  of  a  knight  of  Iflb 
cent.  In  niche  of  outer  S.  wall  is  » 
carved  efBgyof  a  bishop;  alaosingulu 
brazen  chandelier  with  figure  of  Virgin 
in  centre.  About  3  or  4  m.  N.W.,  from 
Llanarmon  in  Yale,  is  the  small  Ch. 
of  Llanrhf/dd  (Ch.  of  tbe  Bed  Sand- 
stoue),  the  mother  Ch.  of  Ruthin.  Ob- 
serve interesting  raonnment  to  JohD 
Tbelwall  and  bis  wife.  From  the  Cb. 
it  is  1  m.,  I.,  to  Buthin.  (e)  Fnm 
Llandegla  tlie  tourist  may  abo  pro- 
oeed  S.  tliruagb  the  beantUiil  sceiun 
of  the  Oeiaant  Slate  Qoarriea  lo  VMt 
Onuni  Ahbeij.  about  6  m.,  whence  it  ii  ' 
2  m.  to  LlangoUen  (see);  or,  (<J)  con-  i 
tiauing  S.W,  from  Llandegla,  he  may 
proceed  to  Corweu,  about  10  m.  To 
Concen,  direct  12  m..  passing  at  about  I 
5  m.  Nanldvijid  Hall  (J.  Naylor,  Esq.) ; 

1 


n  tE-sAFPSos-  rrALDm. 


and  at  7  m.,  about  1  m.  rL  from  high 
road,  Derwen.  Ch.  of  whioh  has  e.  bacd- 
Bome  rood-loft  of  ISth  cent,,  and  the 
oh.-yard  a  good  cross.  A  beautiful 
pedettrian  oicorsjon,  of  about  17  m., 
tnaj'  be  made  to  Deubigh  hj  NatUglt/n 
(see  Denbigh). 

Btdal,  see  Ambleiidr.. 
Btde,  see  Wight,  Iile  of. 
Xtfe  (SoBBez),  Stat.,  B.  E,  Rly. 
7nn* ;  George  H,  opp.  "  Peacock's 
School ; "  CSpqne  Port  Arms ;  Red 
Lion.  Like  Winchebea,  tliia  is  one 
of  the  "ancient  toims"  annexed  to 


a  B.^ao  b 


w2ni. 


off;  but  its  harbour  is  slill  of 
importance,  and  ba«  on  ita  W.  bank  a 
bmncb  railway.  It  is  fonaed  bj  the  3 
livers,  Bother,  Brede,  and  Tillin^am, 
nhich  here  unite  their  Patera.  There 
are  three  points  of  much  interest  in  Bje 
— the  Church,  the  Yprei  Toukt,  and  Uie 
Land  Oate. 

The  crudform  Ch,  is  eaid  to  be  the 
latest  parish  cb.  in  Sng1aDd,andTCell 
deserves  the  most  careful  eiaminatlon. 
The  earliest  poitione  aie  the  central 
tower,  the  transepts,  and  the  plain 
circular  arches  opening  into  thom 
from  the  aielea  of  the  nave.  These 
are  Early  Norm.  The  nave  ia  Traos.- 
Norm.  The  chancel  has  chapels  on 
either  side,  into  which  archea  N.  and 
8.  once  opened.  The  N.  or  Bt.  Choe's 
Chapel  is  E.  £.,  and  most  originally 
have  been  very  striking.  The  f 
Obapel  of  St.  Nicholi^  which 
used  Bs  a  school,  hus  been  restored 
to  the  Ch.  This  chapel,  and  the  oppo- 
site one,  have  passed  through  many 
changes— having  been  n»ed  to  shelter 
the  palish  engine  and  old  Inmber,  as  : 
butcher's  shop,  and  jbr  the  parson' 
stable,  &c.  The  Clock,  with  its  quarte 
boys  on  cither  aide  of  tho  large  dial, 
audita  largopondnlum  swinging  down 
across  the  large  centre  arch  of  the  nave, 
are  worthy  of  note,  and  story  says  that 
this  clock  was  taken  out  of  the  S  '  ' 
Armada  as  a  part  of  the  spoil 
gallant  men  of  Bye." 

S.  of  the  ch.-yard  is  a  stone  building 
(14th  cent),  supposed  to  have  beeu 
the  chapel  of  the  Carmelites.  That 
of  the  Augustine  Friara   "     "      "" 


dnit  Hill,  and  noV  Used  as  a  wool 

The  Tpret  Toaer,  at  the  S.E.  angle 
of  the  town,  was  built  by  Wm.  de 
Tpres,  Earl  of  Kent,  temp.  Stephen. 

" both  a  watch-tower  and  a  tower 

nee,  once  the  sea  once  flowed 
close  nnder  the  rock  ou  which  it 
standi.  It  has  since  served  as  tho 
boroagh  gaol,  bnt  is  now  only  a  police- 

A  good  view  of  ttie  position  of  Bye  is 
obtained  by  passing  tieyoitd  this  tower 
'-■  the  path  by  the  river. 

The  Land  Gate,  on  the  London  road, 
N.E.  of  the  town,  is  the  only  one  re- 
maining, uid  deserves  a  vint.  The 
"  Mennaid  Inn  "  (no  longer  an  inn, 
at  DOW  oompied  by  a  labouring  man^ 
in  Mermaid-street,  has  some  carved 
wainscoting,  and  old  Dntoh  tiles. 

It  ia  12  m.  by  road  to  Eaetingt. 

^PP^Bdore (Stat)  is?  m.bynul  from 
Rye.  The  town  is  nearly  2  m.  W.  of 
the  station,  and  stands  on  high  ground. 
The  Ch.  is  of  some  interest 

R^-e  House  (Herts-X    Stat, 

.  K.  Bly.,  2D|  m.  Here,  and  at  Btox- 
botime,  are  tbe  two  best  fishing  stations 
Lea  (see  Brttctmirw).  Rya 
>n  1,  bank  of  tbe  Lee,  near  a 
group  of  poplara,  is  the  scene  of  the 

■■ -lot  (1683)  for  setting  aside 

Bsiou  of  the  Duto  of  York, 
afterwards  James  IT.  Observe  the  em- 
battled Gate  House,  and,  in  one  of  the 
rooms,  the  noted  "great  bed  of  Ware" 
(see  Ifare). 

ifoddesdbn,  1  m.,  ia  about  half-vray 
between  this  and  BraAoumt. 

Eyhope,  see  Baaderiand. 

Ryton,  see  Neucattte-on-TyiK. 

Sasmhgtoh  Lake,  see  Xarhtt 
HaTborrragh. 

Haffiron-Tralden  (Eases), 
Stat.,  G.  E.  Ely.,  45}  m.  itom  London. 
Jm .-  Rose  and  Crown.  The  Oh.  of 
St.  Marji  (Perp.)  is  one  of  the  finest 
churches  in  the  county.  Ouiiide,  re- 
mark the  flue  turret-piimaclea  at  tbe 
angles  of  the  tower  and  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  nave. 

E.  of  tbe  cb.  are  the  remains  (12th 
cent)  of  the  Castle,  founded  by  Geoffiy 
de  Mandeville.  Behind  the  eastle  is 
a  singnlar  eicavatioa  in  tbe  chalk  of 


BAFFRON-r^ALDEN—ST.  AL^ASS. 


The  Mueeam,  on  the  Bnty  or  Castle 
Hill,   iKwned   1836,  ooutains  &  good 

proriuoialcallactioa  of  local  autdquitlM 


arciulectnre.  .    ,  .   _.   „ _, 

ornamented  mth  Btnooi>-work,  and 
over  the  gate  two  gianta  support  tlie 
mm.  It  waa  Ctomwell'B  head-quarters. 
In  Chnroh-Btreet  notice  eorae  ver; 
cnriouB  old  ftonto  with  carved  and 
embossed   gablea;   also  ,    „ 

timber  house  of  the  earl;  part  of  the 
16th  cent 

Jtuflejf  End^  a  pictniesqne  aud 
venerable  mansion,  the  seat  of  Lord 
Brafbroot,  one  of  the  finest  examplee 
of  Jacobiean  architecture  remaining  in 
England,  ma;  be  visited  fiom  Saffron- 
Walden  b;  a  pleasant  walk  through 
the  park;  or  me  vidtar  may  walk  to 
the  house  fiom  the  Andley  End  rail- 
way station  (abont  1  m.X  and  thence 
to  Saf&on-Walden  —  entire  distanoe 
about  2i  m. — and  return  to  Andley 
End  Slat  by  the  raa  The  hoase  is 
shown  on  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays, 
throughout  the  year,  from  10  to  4. 
Andley  End  was  so  called  &om  Lord 
Chancellor  Audlej,  to  whom  the  site, 
on  which  stood  the  dissolved  abbe;  of 
Walden,  was  granted  1^  Hear;  VHI.  in 
1638.  The  preseut  house  is  only  a 
pondon  of  that  whioh  was  built  by  the 
first  Earl  of  Bnffolk  (1603-1616)    ' 


The  Qreat  Ball  is  a  very  fine  apart- 
ment, 90  ft  long.  It  is  panelled  with 
oak,  tuid  has  at  the  N.  ettd  a  loft; 
screen  of  carved  oak.  Portraits  and 
armour  hai^  on  tlie  wbU&  In  the 
varioos  state  and  other  rooms,  notice 
the  painted  ceilings  and  walls,  also 
ttie  chimney-pieces.  The  rooma  con- 
lain  numerons  portraits  and  cabinet 
pictures.  The  Fork  is  well  wooded, 
undolatiug,  and  commands  good  views. 
The  Stages  are  very  picturesque; 
they  aie  more  ancient  than  an;  part 
of  the  bonse,  and  it  has  been  sng- 
gested  that  the;  formed  a  portion  of 
the  hostel,  or  gaesta'  aparbnent,  at- 
•iiohcd  to  Iho  monaster;. 


L.  of  the  Andley  End  Stat,  is  seen 
the  Ck.  of  Wenden.  The  tower  ma; 
possibly  date  before  the  Conquest, 
with  the  exception  of  the  ^rapet  and 
one  or  two   ioeerdons.     Thero   is  a 


foundatiouB  < 
dwelling-honse  have  been  found  bore, 
and  an  arch  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Ch. 
is  tamed  witti  tiles  from  a  bn>oca>iat. 

1}  m.  I.  of  the  Newport  Stat,  is  the 
Ch.  of  Wieken  Bomaett,  pleasantl; 
sitnated.  It  was  restored  and  part^ 
rebuilt  in  1859.  The  ftoH  is  now  a 
farmhouse,  dating  early  in  the  16lh 
ceut.,  and  has  picturesque  i-hiTHTu-jnr 
Diiiancat  tiom  Audley  End : — BiJiop't 
Stort/ord,  11}  m. ;  Cambridge,  14  m.        < 

Ht.  Albanii  (Herts.),  a  mortet-  I 
town  and  borougB,  and  created,  in 
1876,  the  seat  of  a  bishomic,  atands 
on  rising  ground  on  the  L  bank  of  the 
little  river  Ter  or  Mm«,  the  main 
upper  branch  of  the  Cohie ;  21  m.  from 
Limdan  by  rood,  20  m.  by  Midland 
Bl;. ;  23  m.  b;  L.  A  N.  W.  El;, ;  and 
""  by  G.  N.  Kl;.  The  MidL  Stat 
._  Victoria-street,  }  m.  E.  of  the 
town;  the  L.  &  N.  W,  at  the  foot  of 
HoljTvell  Hill,  on  the  B.;  the  G.  S. 

London-road,  j  m.  B.  EL    Coach  in 

mmor  from  White  Horse  Cellar, 
PietadiUy,  every  week-day,  at  11,14 
calling  at  Langham  Hotel,  Child's 
HiU  (Boyal  Oak  Hotel),  and  Bamet 
(Ked  Lion),  rotoming  from  the  Oeorga 
Hotel,  St.  Albans,  at  4  p.il  Time  oc- 
cupied each  way,  2^  hrs.  A  coach  also 
nm,  i  days  a  week,  trom  St.  Albans, 
at  8  A.1I.,  to  London,  retoming  from 
the  White  Horse  Cellar,  Picca^y,  at 
1.30  PM.  There  is  a  br&noh  rly. 
to  Hateeld,  i  hr.  Inm:  Peahen; 
George. 

St  Albans  is  the  moat  interesting 
place,  for  its  historical  associations 
and  antiquarian  rexaains,  within  the 
like  diataace  of  London.  The  objects 
""  be  visited  in  and  around  the  town 

:— the  Abbey  Ckumh  aMdOalAoaie; 

i  three  parish  churches,  but  eape- 
ciaUy  that  of  St.  Miclmel,  Bacon's 
church  and  burial-phkce ;  the  onique 
CZocft-rouw;  the  ruins  of  SopmU 
Nwmery  (of  little  account) ;  B^nard't 
Heath,  the  field  of  the  2nd  Battle  of        i 


ST.  ALBANS. 


375 


St.  Albans ;  Gorhambary,  the  seat  of 
tile  Earl  of  Venilam ;  the  veatigee 
of  the  Boman  ci^  of  Tendaiaiam ; 
and  the  earthworks  at  Be^h  Bottom, 
poaaibly  a  lelic  of  the  older  British 

Verviam,  the  ancient  town  (Oppf- 
dum)  of  Cassivellaimns,  ia  believed  to 
be  the  precursor  of  Bt,  Albana.  OffiBar 
carried  the  place  by  assault,  but  his 
occupatioD  was  of  brief  duration,  and 
it  remained  an  important  BritiBli  city 
till  the  conquest  of  Britain  by  Clau- 
dius. When  the  Itonmns  took  posses- 
aion  of  the  Mand,  they  conferred  upon 
tlie  place  the  term  of  dignity — iramid- 
pium.  In  the  5th  cent.  Venilam  fell 
mto  the  hands  of  the  Saxons,  who 
built  a  new  town  on  the  hill  N.  of  the 
river.  In  tlie  year  303,  AUmn,  an 
eminent  citizen  of  VcrulMn,  hencefor- 
ward "  the  protmnartyr  of  England," 
was  condemned  to  death  for  having 
sheltered    Amphibalus,    a    Christian 

Sriest.  Nearly  five  centuries  after  the 
eath  of  St,  Alban  (793),  Offo,  ting 
of  the  Mercians,  being  desirous  of 
expiating  his  share  in  the  murder  of 
Eldhelbert,  founded  a  monastery  in 
honour  of  St.  Alban.  Ofl^'  built  a 
chorch,  which  he  dedicated  to  St 
Alban,  and,  adjoining  it,  suitable 
bnildinga  for  an  abbot  and  100  monks 
of  the  order  of  St.  Benedict,  endowing 
the  abbey  with  a  princely  revenue. 
About  the  abbey  a  large  town  grew 
up,  which  received  the  name  of  the 
parent  monastery,  and  the  old  city  of 
Verolam  was  abtoidoned. 

Many  of  the  sovaraigus  of  England 
visited  St.  Albans,  and,  about  135G, 
King  John  of  France  was  a  prisoner 
in  the  abbey. 

Id  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  St.  Albans 
was  the  theatre  of  two  important 
batUes.  The  first  was  fought  on  the 
23rd  Hay,  1155,  m  the  Key  Fields,  E. 
of  the  town.  The  second  battle 
fought  on  the  17th  Feb.,  1461, 
Bernard's  Heath.  N.  of  the  town. 

On  the  suppression  of  the  mo 
teriea,  the  abbey  church  was  sol 
the  townsmen,  for  40ffi„  for  convei 
into   a   parish,   church.     The    Lady 
Chapel  was  divided  Irom  it,  and  con- 
verted into  a  grammar  school,  and  the 


convent  grounds  end  buildings  passed 
into  private  hands. 

On  quitting  the  N.  W.  Bly.  Stat. 
the  Ter  is  crossed,  rt.,  and  the  prin- 
cipal street  ot  8t.  Albans  is  seen  run- 
ning  up  a,  pretty  steep  hill.  A  market 
for  Btraw-plait  {(be  staple  industry)  is 
held  in  St.  Peter's-fltreet  every  Satur- 
day morning,  at  9  o'clock,  and  is  worth 
visiting  by  the  stranger. 

The  Cloch-Timer,  "the  old  town 
belfry,"  stands  in  the  Market-place,  on 
thfl  rt.  of  tl.e  High-atreet.  It  is  a 
lofty  tower  of  flint  and  stone,  of  early 
Perp.  character,  probably  of  the  15th 
cent,  and  was  restored  by  Sir  G.  G. 
Scott,  1864. 

The  Abbey  was  founded,  as  we  have 
seen,  in  793,  but  it  was  not  till  1116 
that  a  new  ch.,  the  largest  and  one  of 
the  grandest  yet  built  in  England, 
was  oonseorated,  with  pcat  solemni^, 
in  the  presence  of  the  King  and  Qaeen 
(Henry  1.  and  Matilda)  and  a  grtat 
array  of  bishops,  abbots,  priests,  and 
nobles. 

As  it  stands,  the  abbe;  chorch  con- 
sists of  nave  with  aisles,  triforia,  and 
clerestory ;  choir,  presbytery,  and  sano- 
tuary ;  central  lower  and  transept ; 
and  once  more,  afler  being  severed 
Irom  it  for  more  than  3  centuries,  the 
Lady  Chapel  may  be  spoken  of  as  part 
of  the  building.  Including  the  Lady 
Cbapel,  St  Albans  is  the  longest  Ch. 
in  the  HngdoiD,  its  internal  length 
being  535  ft.  The  transepts  are  176  It 
across.  The  internal  width,  E.  of  the 
tower,  is  76  ft.  8  in. ;  W.  of  the  tower. 
74  ft  2  m.  The  nave  is  276  ft.  hing 
from  the  W.  wall  to  the  towar-aroh. 
The  eitreme  length  of  the  exterior, 
including  the  Lady  Chapel,  is  556  ft. 
The  tower  is  144  ft.  hi^h.  The  great 
Interest  of  the  Ch.  consists  in  its  being 
sabstontially  the  Ch-  built  by  Abbot 
Paul  in  1077-88,  and  consequently 
one  of  tlie  earliest  Norm,  churohes — 
perhaps  the  earliest  ou  a  large  scale — 
remaining  in  this  country.  It  com- 
prises also  dated  examples  of  each 
subsequent  period  of  English  eccle- 
siaatiotl  architecture.  The  Norman 
portion  is  constmcted  of  Boman  biioks 
from  tJio  ruins  of  Vorulam,  Tha  pre- 
sent entrance  to  the  abbey  is  on  the 


376 


ST.  ALBANS. 


8^  and  the  Tiaitot  is  ReneraUy  led  to 
the  transept  or  clianoel ;  but  to  see  the 
Interior  aright  he  ahonld  pase  at  once 
to  theW.  door.  Eicavations  mado  in 
the  W.  poreli  have  diacloecd  bpautifal 
monldeJ  vases  of  Farbeok  marble,  the 
work  of  Abbot  John  de  Cella,  d.  1214, 
A  remarkable  want  of  congruit;  will 
be  felt  in  the  architectutal  character 
of  the  Ttare,  nrisin);  from  the  curious 
admixttire  of  etyles.  The  nave  is 
divided  from  the  choir  at  th«  10th 
bay  b^  SI.  CatlilieTi'i  Serem,  which  ia 
of  tan  design  and  admirablo  work- 
manship. 

The  Choir  extends  from  St,  Catb- 
bert's  Screen  to  the  tower,  the  i  bays 
(f  which  it  is  composed  retaining  the 
mamiye  Norman  piers.  The  eastern 
entenaion  of  the  choir,  the  Sanctuary, 
or  PreAijttnj,  was  that  part  of  the 
btlildiDg  in  which  its  splendour  cul- 
minated, and  must,  id  its  palmy  days, 
have  been  of  extnLordinary  magniS- 
cence.  The  Sanctuary,  an  it  now  ap- 
pears, is  closed  eastward  by  the  lofly 
Bcreen  erected  by  Abbot  William 
■Wallingfotd  (1476-84).  The  AUar- 
Sereen  (or  Wallingfoni's,  as  it  ia  fre- 
quently called)  bears  a  roarked  re- 
iemblance  to  that  of  Wincheeter 
Cathedral,  which  is  of  about  the  same 
date.  It  is  a  lofty  and  solid  Btmctore, 
is  in  three  compartments — a  centre 
and  two  wings — and  rises  in  three 
stages  of  the  most  elaborate  carved 
work.  The  wings  have  each  a  door- 
vay  leading  to  St.  Alban's  Chapel, 

St.  Alban't  Chapd  extends  E.  of  the 
altar-screen  to  the  Lady  Chapel.  Near 
the  centre  of  the  chapel  stood  the 
thrine  of  St.  Alban,  oo  the  beauty 
and  splendour  of  which  the  chroniclers 
never  tire  of  expatiating.  On  tlie  N, 
side  of  the  chapel,  looking  directly 
over  the  shrine,  is  the  Watch  Gallery, 
where,  night  and  day,  the  slirine-koepor 
and  his  assistaQta  kept  watch  over  the 
treasures  of  the  shrine,  Ou  the  oppo- 
Bite  siileisthe  Mortument  oC  HumjArey, 
Dvke  of  GUmceifer,  a  work,  tor  its 
time,  of  nuffurpassed  beauty.     From 


Iho  S.  aisle,  in  the  course  of  the  re- 
storations at  the  abbey.  The  Ladj 
Chapel,  in  its  best  days  a  Btractore 
of  exceeding  beauty,  has  suffered  tu 
greater  injury  than  any  other  part  of 
tlie  building.  When  the  body  of  the 
Ch.  was  sold  to  the  townsmen  Gdt  a 
parish  Ch,,  the  Lady  Chapel  was  sepa- 
rated  by  a  wall,  and  a  public  passage 
made  through  the  aotecbapel.  and 
-ome  years  afterwards  was  ^pro- 
iriated  to  the  use  of  the  Gnunmai 

After  being  used  for  300  years,  more 
convenient  schools  having  been  pro- 
vided, tiie  chapel  served  as  tiie  b<^' 


of  the  tower,  transepts,  and 
earlier  end  of  the  main  building  luiving 
completed,  the  restoration  of  the 
LedyChapel  was  proceeded  with,  under 
the  supervision  of  Sir  G.  G.  Scott 
The  Trantepte  and  the  Tmaer,  with  the 
choir,  fbrm  the  great  central  portion 
of  the  Norm,  building,  and  that  in 
which  the  original  cht^cter  baa  been 
heat  preserved ;  although  the  reslon- 
tions  have  greatly  changed  the  formn 
venerable  appearance.  The  Totter  ia 
the  most  massive  Norm,  tower  in  Eng- 
land; it  is  constructed  of  Bomui 
bricka,  and  rises  in  4  storeys  above  dH 
inner  arehes.  It  is  carried  on  4  piers 
of  vast  thioknesB.  The  grand  old  tover 
has  been  thoroughly  repaired  and 
strengthened,  having  iallen  into  a  dan- 
gerous state  in  consequence  of  the 
undemuninc;  of  the  great  piers. 

The  Abbey  GaielumK,  the  only  other 
relic  left  of  the  monast^,  stands  abont 
50  yds.  W.  of  the  Ch..  and  in  old 
time  was  the  entrance  to  the  great 
court  of  the  abbey.  It  is  a  large 
sombre  structure,  with  a  low  poinlal 
archway  and  groined  roof.  It  wis 
used  as  a  house  of  correction  till  the 
erection  of  the  now  prison  in  1869.  It 
was  then  decided  to  adapt  the  building 
for  the  grammar  school,  and  it  was  ac- 
cordingly restored  externally,  and  re- 
modelled inside,  and  is  said  to  sore 
its  new  ofBce  very  well.  The  hooM 
adjoining  it  iatheHeadUasler'ahonae. 
The  new  Bonmgh  Gaol  is  a  large  red 


8T.  ALBAN8-8T.  ASAPH. 


sn 


bi'ick  building  on  Violoiia  Hill,  dose 
to  the  Midland  my.  Stat. 

Sopwdl  Ntmnery  was  founded  in  the 
raeadowa  S.  E.  of  the  abbey  and  town, 
about  1110.  Of  tlie  nunnei?  not  a 
fragment  ia  left ;  the  «o-cBlled  niiu  of 
Sopwell  Nnnnety  are  really  the  re- 
jnaina  uf  the  tuansion  bnut  by  Sir 
Richaid  Lee,  to  whom  the  site  was 
granted  by  Henry  VIII. 

St.  Mieha^i  Ch.,  latber  more  than 
i  m.  W.  of  the  abbey,  iB  much  the  most 
intereating  of  the  remaining  churches, 
both  architecturally  and  as  Bacon's 
church  and  gi»ve.  It  was  thoroughly 
restored  by  Sir  G.  G.  Scott  in  1867. 
Inside  the  chief  object  must  always  be 
the  monument  of  £aa>n,  which  stands 
'Within  a  shallow  arched  recess  on  the 
M.  side  of  the  chancel. 

Penilam,  the   site  of   the  Roman 
~VeTulRmium.   is   still    unbuilt    upon 
eicept  in  one  part,  and  its  bound^es 
easily  traceable.    Take  the  path  fmni 
the  S,  door  of  the  abbey,  across  the 
meadow  to  the  Silk  Mill.    Cross  the 
foot-bri<^,  and  in  the  field  jnst  beyond, 
yon  strike  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  wall 
of  Vernlamiimi.    From  this  angle  the 
Hhort  line  oC  wall  northwards  to  the 
river  is  marked  by  nticven  hi^h  ground 
and  a  row  of  firs.    Returning  to  the 
path  ftom  theMill,  a  straight  embank- 
ment marks  the  site  of  the  wall,  which 
eitends  for  about  }  m.,  and  you  so 
enter  on  an  attractive  pathway  ov 
hung  with  trees,  having  the  mass 
the  wall  on  one  hand,  and  the  fosse 
the  other.    At  the  end  of  this  walk 
the  wall  makes  a  sharp  tarn  to  the 
N.  W.  for  nearly  |  m.    Quitting  the 
path,  tnm  to  the  rt.,  along  the  rood  to 
Gorbamhury,  and,  entariog  the  field 
on  jour  rt.  by  the  flrst  swing  gate, 
yoQ  will  again  see  the  wall.    Retui~ 
ing  to  the  road,  lake  the  lane  ou 
and  a  clap-gnte  on   1.  will   put  y 
agsin  on  the  lioe  of  wall.    The  wall 
is  nbout  1)  ID.  in  length,  the  rivi 
frontage  |  m.    The  site  of  Vemlam 
now  occupied  by  well-cultivated  fields, 
and,  except  the  outer  walls,  no  relic  of 
the  andent  ci^  is  visible. 

BernanVe  Heath,  the  theatre  of  the 
second  battle  of   St.   Albans,  lies 
little  way  N.  of  St.  Peter's  Ch.  At  the 


northern  end  of  the  heath,  commencing 
about  )  m,  up  the  Haipenden  road, 
and  running  in  a  N.  E.  direction  for 
over  }  m.  to  the  Sandridge  road,  is  the 
remarkable  entrenchment  known  as 
Beech  Bottom,  some  30  ft.  to  W  ft. 
wide,  and  20  ft.  to  30  ft.  deep.  It  is 
supposed  to  be  a  portion  of  the  defences 
—the  outer  wall  and  fosse  mentioned 
by  Ctesar — of  the  Oppidum  of  Cassi- 
velaunus. 

GoT?iambary,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Yerulam.  stands  in  the  midst  of  a  fine 
park  of  600  acres,  nbout  Ijm.  W.N.W. 
of  St.  Albans.  The  manor  was  one  of 
the  early  possessions  of  Che  abbey. 
In  1550  it  was  purchased  by  Niobolag 
(afterwards  Sir  Nidiolas)  Bacon,  Kcep- 
"of  the  Frivy  Seal  to  Queen  Elizabeth, 
id  father  of  the  great  Ohancellot. 

What  remains  of  Bacon's  house  will 
he  found  a  short  distance  W.  of  the 
present  mansion,  which  was  erected  by 
Lord  Grimston  between  IT7S  and  17S3. 
It  is  a  lat^  semi-classic  edifice,  con- 
sisting of  a  centre  of  stone,  with  a 
grani  portico  supported  on  Corinthian 
columns,  and  2  wrnga  of  brick  covered 
with  stucco.  The  ball,  library,  and 
reception  rooms  are  spacious,  well  pro- 
portioned, and  contain  a  gnod  collection 
of  pictures,  ciiiefiy  portraits.  These,  if 
pennission  can  be  obtained,  are  well 
worth  seeing. 

St.  Anne's  Hill,  nee  CherHey. 

St.  Ajn(B'8<m'THE-SBiA,  see  Bfoct- 

St.  Anthosy  in  MeHBAQB,  sce 
Eehton. 

St.  AMaph  or  Llahelwt 
(Flint.),  Stnt.,  2U\  m.  from  Enston- 
square,  2  hrs.  by  rail  from  Chetler, 
20  min.  from  Wiyl  (Inm:  Plough 
H„  over  the  bridge,  vary  comfortable, 
and  noted  fbr  its  homely  neatness  and 
oleatdiness ;  Kinmel  Arms.)  A  quiet 
cathedral  town,  charmingly  situated  on 
risii^gronnd  between  the  rivers  Clwyd 
and  Elwy. 

Tha  Vathtdral  ia  cniciform,  with 
plain  hot  massive  central  tower; 
oldest  portions  are  the  aisles  and 
nave  (13th  cent.),  the  transepts  and 
lantern  arches  being  a  little  later ;  the 
choir  was  rebuilt  in  1770.  lie  whole 
binldii^,  both  inude  and  od^  is  re- 


ST.  ASAPH— 8T.  AUSTELL. 


mnrkable  tor  extreme  neatnesa,  and 

the  interioi  has  beea  te-amuiged  EUtd 

itelored.    ObBerre  tiie  old  oak  alalia  of 

le  tabernacle  work,  the  beautifal 


bialiin),  temp.  Edw.  I.,  and  in  g.  transept 
a  full  length  figure  of  Dean  Shiilej, 
bj  Temonth.  In  N.  transept  are  mo- 
nninents  to  Bpa.  Luimoorc,  Howell, 
and  BatTOW,  and  Mrs.  Hemana,  to 
nhoae  meinor;  there  is  also  a  painted 
window  on  N.  side  of  chancel.  Oppo- 
site the  oathedral  is  the  Deanery,  and 
at  bottom  of  the  hill,  on  the  baiikB  of 
the  Elwy,  the  Faiace,  opposite  the 
gates  of  which  is  the  patisn  church. 

ExcuTniont. — An  extremely  pretty 
excursion  of  about  6  m.  may  be  made 
to  Ce/«  Cavee,  going  past  Ce/n  (Mib. 
Wynne),  and  retaming  by  Ffmnon-y- 
Capel  and  the  tumpike-road.  Tha 
view  &om  the  caves  is  one  of  the 
charming  in  Wales,  looking  down  from 
a  great  height  on  a  beailtifull v-wooded 
ravine,  through  which  flows  uie  Elwy ; 
the  caves,  to  which  innumerable  zigzag 

Eiths  lead  up  the  face  of  the  cliS  can 
Q  seen  on  Mondays,  on  application  to 
a  cottager  at  the  back  of  Geln.  Fossils 
of  huge  animals  have  been  discovered 
here.  The  parish  Ch.  of  St.  Mary's, 
Ce&i,  is  modem,  uid  in  E.-E.  style. 
Observe  font  of  while  Carcara  marble,  a 
copyofonebyThorwaldsen.byhispapii 
Stein.  Opposite  the  caves  is  Doiften, 
the  romantic  residence  of  Major  Hutton. 
Descending  from  the  Cefn  rucks,  and 
following  the  1.  bank  of  the  stream,  the 
tourist  will  come  in  1  m.  to  a  holy  well 
called  Ffynnon/air,  almost  overgrown 
with  ivy,  in  a  field  close  to  the  river. 
The  elegant  building  over  the  well 
apparently  resembles  that  at  Holywell ; 
tbo  early  portion,  or  B.  arm  of  the  cross, 
is  15th  cent,  and  the  rest  late  Perp. 
The  high  road  from  Denbigh  is  n- 

i'oined  close  by  Pnat-t/r^Ugixh  (the 
iridge  over  the  red  cHCf),  where  tie 
Blwy  is  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge 
of  1  arch. 

To  Abergele, ■atiim.iBBodetvwddan 
(Sir  Hugh  WUliams,  Bt.).  Tlic  Ch. 
of  St.  Margaret,  In  the  park  conspi- 
cuously placed  on  rising  ground  over- 
looking   the    vale,   should   not    poaa 


nnseen  by  any  visitor  to  St.  Asaph. 
(See  also  Shyl)  It  was  erected  1856- 
60  by  Lady  Wdloughby  do  Broke,  in 
memory  of  her  husband.  It  is  a  crara- 
tonn  Deo.  ch.  of  the  Hth  cent.,  consist- 
ing of  nave,  transopt,  N.  and  8.  aisled^ 
chancel,  and  a  tower  200  ft,  high, 
crowned     by    an     octagonal      spire, 

Sierced  with  traceried  bands  and  win- 
DWB.  The  interior  is  most  beautifEiUy 
and  iaviahly  fitted  up.  Observe  pertir 
cularly  E.  window,  which  forms,  with 
those  in  the  chancel,  a  series  of  events 
in  the  life  of  our  Lord ;  the  choice 
stone  and  marble  pavement  of  trellis 
pattern ;  the  eiquiaitcly  carved  polint 
and  fbnt  of  white  Carrara  marble.  1  m. 
beyond  is  Kinmel  (R.  H.  Hughes,  Bsg-X 
in  deer  park,  of  which  are  some  Sae 
views  and  majestic  timber.  1 J  m.  fur- 
ther on  is  Si.  George,  1.  of  which,  on 
enainence  of  Pare-y-Meirch,  is  a  for- 
tified post  of  nearly  a  mile  in  circuit, 
with  triple  entrenchment.  2  m.  fnr- 
tker  on  is  Abergele. 

A  beautifnl  eionrsion  on  foot  may 
be  taken  by  exploring  the  Elwy,  aboirt 
15  m,  to  LUiiCfaiT  Taihaiara,  and  di- 
verging thence  rt.  by  Betties  Abergele 
to  AbergeU,  7  m.  (which  see) ;  or  (2) 
fiomiJan/airllilhauim  the  tourist  may 
OFOES  the  hills  for  about  3  m.  S.  (see 
Abergele)  to  Llaniannan  (inn  t  Sara- 
cen's Head),  whence  it  is  9  m.  to  Den- 
bigh, To  AAuddJananditacastle,3iD. 
(whlc^  see),  and  to  Dyierlh  Cattle. 
2i  m.  It.  of  Bhuddlan,  the  esouTBian 
may  be  extended  to  lievrmarliet  and 
the  "  Gop."  2  m.  further  on  (see  Moetyn). 
To  Molyvtell,  10  m. ;  to  Caerwya,  7  m. 

IHitance»  (by  rail). — Mold,  IJ  hr.; 
Denbigh,  i  hr. ;  Rhyl,  6  m. 

St.  Austell  (Cornwall),  Stat, 
Q.  W.  Rly,,  H  m.  from  Plymonth, 
and  i  hr.  by  rail  from  Truro.  Innt  .- 
White  Hart  H.;  Globe  H.  The  Ci, 
one  of  the  beat  in  the  county,  it 
richly  omaaiented.  The  chancel  is 
Early  Dec.  (circ  1290).  The  stranger 
should  visit  Cardate,  N.W.  of  the  town, 
Lgular  tin-mine,  open  to  the  day; 
the  china-clay  worKS.  The  Bodie 
BocU  (GSO  ft.  high)  are  1}  m.,  and 
ifnt^urrois  (1634  ft  high),  i  m.  S.  of 
the  town.  Between  here  and  St  Co- 
Inrnb  (see  WadAridge)  are  the  Tregoa 


ST.  AVBTELL. 


aSoori,  the  fabled  lumting  ground  of 
King  Arthur.  5  m.  8.  of  St.  Auatell 
Is  (he  fialiing  town  of  MeaigUny  (Inn  ; 
Ship),  aitnaled  on  the  shore  of  a  bean- 
tifnj  h&j.  It  ia  noted  for  pilchardg. 
(S\>r  an  Interesting  account  of  the  pil- 
chard fishery,  laad  l>ruB  Bedding's 
'  Itinerary  of  Cornwall,')  There  is  a 
good  pier.  The  oh.  contains  e  very 
otuioos  font  (Norm.)  and  Bereral  old 
monmneota.  A  delightful  road  runs 
near  the  diifi  to,  1  m,  8.,  PortmeiKn,  a 
fishing  cove,  and  2  m.  bejond  to  Got- 
ran  Haven.  The  tower  of  the  Ch. 
Oonan  village  dates  from  1606,  a 
the  body  of  the  building  contajci 
monament.  date  1656.  About  1 
beyond  is  the  wild  Dodman  Point 
(379  ft.  above  sea)  ;  and  stiU  further  W. 
the  cliffs  of  Fer^n  Bay  (the  village  ia 
11  m,  from  Truro),  and  Gerrane  Bay. 
On  the  E.  side  of  the  latter  bay  is  a 
remarkably  fine  example  of  a  raUed 
beach.  For  the  neighbourhood  beyond 
(yf.),aeeFalmotali.  Duo  N.  ia  Tregony, 
8  m.  from  Trvro,  BJjd  2i  m.  from 
Gramponnd,  the  lasl-nBuied  a  vills^  of 
great  antiquity.  In  the  neighbourhood 
are  no  less  tluin  6  campa  on  the  Fol. 
The  rail  E.of  St.  AusteU.after  pasaiDg 
Far,  reaches  Loftwitkiel,  one  of  the 
"  urireformed  corporationB  "  ailnded 
by  Sir  C.  DUke  in  the  Mouse  of  Com- 
mons {Inn:  lioj'al  Talbot),  and  one  ot 
the  moat  interesting  tewna  in  the  county. 
The  Oh.  of  St.  BaTiholomeic  is  almost 
entirely  of  15th  and  17th  cents.,  with 
the  exception  of  the  lower  and  spire, 
whidi  arc  13th  cent.,  and  form  "  a  com- 
poaiUon  aa  beautiful  sa  it  is  unique." 
The  octagonal  font  deserves  special 
botice.  The  trout  of  Lostwithiel  arc 
ooDSidered  very  excellent.  £zcur<ioR« 
from  Lofltwitluel  shonld  bo  made  to 
(a)  the  ivy-mantled  rain  of  Bettonnd 
Cagtk,  1  m.  N.,  a  residence  of  the 
Ealls  of  Cornwall,  and  said  to  be  the 
work  of  Bichard,  king  of  the  Bomans 
(temp,  Henry  m.) ;  ^)  Boeonnoe,  4  m. 
£.,  residence  of  Hon.  G.  M.  Fortescue, 
purchased  in  1709  by  Gov.  Pitt,  grand- 
father of  the  great  Earl  of  Chatham, 
and  owner  of  the  celebiat«d  Pitt  dia- 
mond. In  the  mansion  are  some  good 
paintings  by  old  masters.  Charles  I. 
made  Boconnoc  his  liead-quaiters  when 


the  battle  of  Biaddoo  Down  was  fou^t. 
(o)  To  lanhydrock  House  (Lord  Eo- 
bartes),  ajm.N.W.  Some  of  the  rooms 
bear  date  1636.  It  is  built  of  pnnite, 
and  was  garrisoned  for  the  Paruament 
in  the  civil  war  (for  notice  see  '  Quar- 
terly Beview,' vd.  eii.).  (d)Sl.Blaiey 
(Inn .-  the  Packhorse),  either  by  road, 
4  m.  from  Lostwithiel,  or  by  rail  to  Far, 
thence  1}  m,  by  roaid.  A.  port,  con- 
structed solely  by  the  late  J.  T.  Trefliy, 
where  there  are  silver  smelting  worli. 
By  the  fbrmei,  }  m.  rt.,  is  seen  the 
fine  tower  of  LanUvery  Ch.  From 
this  point  the  walk  to  St.  Blazey  may 
be  extended  to  Luxnlian,  celebrated 
for  its  beantiful  granite,  and  over  the 
moors  te  1  m.  S.,  the  Whigpering  Stone ; 
thence  to  Helmfin  Tor,  2  m.  further  N., 
and  there  search  out  tbe  logan-sione, 
on  its  sontiiem  slope.  From  here  pro- 
ceed to  the  Treffry  Viaduet,  a  magnifi- 
cent granite  structure,  and  2  m.  beyond, 
and  1  m.  &om  SL  Blazey,  to  tbe  beau- 
tiful valley  of  Canaears. 

A  very  iavoiarite  eicnrsion  from 
Lostwithiel  is  a  trip  by  water,  about 
6  m.,  to  Fowey  (Inn:  Ship),  delight- 
fully situated  near  the  mouth  of  a 
broad  estuary.  On  each  shore  of  the 
harbour,  which  is  one  of  tbe  most 
commodious  in  tbe  county,  are  the 
ruins  of  square  forts,  built  temp.  Edw. 
IV.  Crowning  a  magniflcent  pile  of 
rocks  at  the  mauth  of  ttie  harbour  ai 
tbe  remains  of  the  a 
(erected  in  the  reig 
called  SI.  Caih^n^a  Fori.  There  are 
some  excelleut  houses  in  the  town, 
Hpecitnens  of  14th-cent.  work.  The 
Ch.  (chiefly  15th  cent.)  hasalrandsome 


familj)  stands  inunediately  above  the 
town,  and  is  well  known  for  its  anti- 
qui^  and  for  its  restoration  by  the 
late  Mr.  J.  T.  Treffry.  It  is  well  worth 
a  visit.  At,  Ptdruan,  on  opposite  shore 
of  the  harbour,  are  some  remains  of  Hall 
JHbiws,  which  was  garrisoned  in  the 
civil  war,  and  of  St.  Sntnour's  Chapel, 
or  baptistery.  A  delightful  promenade, 
HaU  Walk,  runs  along  the  water-side. 
Menabiliy  (the  seat  of  the  Bashleighs) 
ia  situated  on  the  promontory  of  Qr^ter 
Bead,  2  m.  W.,  and  is  noted  for  its 


1.  fill,) 


ST.  SSES—ST.  SELEN'8. 


oallection  of  miDefali,  and  for  ite  grotto 
near  the  shoie. 

St.  Beei*  (Cnmb.).  8tat.,  Far- 
ueM  Ely,  Inm;  Bea  Goto  Hotel, 
close  to  the  sea;  Boyal;  Queen's. 
The  bn;  ia  well  sheltered,  and  the 
ahprs  abonnda  in  objects  interestrng  to 
the  naturalist.  The  Collegiate  Church 
woa  the  church  of  the  priory  of  St. 
Bees.  The  ColUge  was  foimded  by 
Dr.  Law,  Bp.  of  Carlisle,  died  1787. 
The  promontory  of  St.  Bees  Head 
and  ligbthonse  are  within  an  easy  and 

Cftsant  walk.  Near  the  latter  is  a 
ntifnl  little  bay,  called  FUiutxck,  at 
the  base  of  lofty  cliffs,  and  a  layourite 
spot  for  picnics,  Ezmirtiom, — Sea- 
teale  (jEOod  hotel).  6  m.,  where  can 
may  be  hired  for  wastwater,  6  m.,  and 
Wosldale  Head,  12  m.;  WftxUhaveti, 
im. 

St.  Blazet,  see  St.  AutteU. 

St.  Briavels,  see  NetrlaBd. 

St.  Bdrtan,  see  Penaaux. 

St.  Clears,  see  CaermarOien. 

St.  Cleer,  see  Liekeard. 

St.  COLrME,  see  Wadebridge. 

St.  Ckosb,  see  Wincheiter. 

St.  David  'H  (Pembrohesb.),  the 
ancient  Menapia  (Jnn :  Commercial), 
has  few  attractions  saTS  its  grand  old 
Cathedral,  built  1176.  The  village  is 
situated  in  the  N.E.  comer  of  St. 
Bride's  Bay,  16  m.  from  Haverford- 
tcetl  (Stat]),  whence  an  omnibus 
3  times  weekly.  On  entering 
cathedral,  which  is  cmoifomi.  the 
visitor  will  be  struck  with  tlie  extreme 
riohneaa  of  decoration  ot  tte  Have, 
which  is  Trans.,  between  Bomauesque 
and  Gothic.  Observe  especially  roof  of 
nave ;  the  peculiarity  of  tlia  triforinm ; 
the  jbeautiiul  stone  rood-screen,  the 
work  of  Bp.  Gower ;  the  grotesqi 
carvings  of  the  stallB  in  choir;  tL_ 
tomb  of  £.  of  Bichmond,  &ther  of 
Heniy  VII, ;  and  the  shrine  of  St. 
David.  Adjoining,  and  on  N.  side  of 
the  cathedral,  are  the  picturesque  ruina 
of  St.  Mary'i  ColUge,  founded,  1377, 
by  Bp.  Hoton.  The  remains  of  the 
Bp'e.  Palace,  on  the  opposite  side  nf 
(he  river  Alan,  are  an  eieellent  ex- 
ample of  rich  If -decorated  Domestic 
archilectnre.  A  beautiful  arcade  and 
parapet  runs  round  the  whole  build- 


ing. On  the  8.  rada  is  the  Great  Hall, 
over  the  richly-decorated  entrance- 
porch  of  which  ate  statnea  of^  it  is 
supposed,  Edw,  IL  andtjueen  Philippa. 
The  tourist  should  explore  some  ot 
the  numberless  little  creeks  aloDg  the 


•Jaerfai,  a  li 
e  AW  Ch 


from  the  mainland  W  a  strait  I  m. 
broad,  is  the  Itle  of  Samteu,  culti- 
vated, and  tho  resort  of  countless  sear. 
birds.  2  m.  N.W.  is  Whiteeand  Bay, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  St.  Davi£i 
Bead,  100  ft.  high.  Close  to  it  is 
Cam  IXidi,  from  the  summit  of  which 
is  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view.  It 
is  16  m.  to  FUligiuiTd. 

St.  Doomael,  see  Cardigan. 

St.  Enodoc,  see  Wad^rridge. 

6t,  Faqan's  (Glam.),  see  Cardig. 

St.  George's  Hill,  see  Wepbridge. 

St.  Geshars,  see  Plymouth. 

St.  Gowah,  see  Teniy. 

»t.  Helen's  {Lane.)— Stats.,  L. 
4  N.W.  Bly.  and  L.  4  T.  Bly.  (Inn*; 
Eaveo;  WellingioDAnns)— is  the  seat 
of  the  plate-glass  tiad^  and  contains 
some  of  tlie  laigeat  establishments  ia 
Bnf(land,  snch  aa  the  British  Flato- 
Glasa  Co..  St.  Helen's  Crown-Glasa 
Co.,  Union  Plate-Glass  Co.,  £c  The 
alkali  and  chemical  works  are  also 
□raneioUB  and  important.  Windlethav 
Abbey.  1  m.  N..  is  a  small  rained 
chapel,  used  as  a  bnryiog-place  by  the 
Born  an  Catholics. 

St.  Ivbs  (Cornwall),  see  HayU  and 
Pemanee. 

St.  Ives  (Hunts),  see  SurUingdon. 

St.  Jvst  Chuboh-toth,  see  Pen- 

St.  Eevbrnb,  see  Edtton. 
6t.  Eew,  see  LaunceiUnt. 
St.  Kethb,  see  Litkeard. 
St.  Lawbenob  (Hants),  see  Wigil, 

St,  Lawbenci  (Kent),  see  Ji^.. 

St.  IiEONARDfl,  see  Batlingi. 

St.  Levan,  see  Pemanee. 

St.  Mary  Ohuboh,  see  Torquag. 

St.  Mabt  Cray,  see  Crayi,  the. 

St.  Mawoan,  see  Wadebridge. 

St.  Uawqax  in  U£neaqb,  aee  Sd- 


8ALISBUST. 


St.  Micrabl's  Mount,  eee  Penaince. 
St.  Hditbr,  see  TFodebriitf  e. 
St.  Nsot,  see  Liikeard. 
St.  Neots  (Hunts),  see  BundV 

Bt.  Osyth,  Bee  BnghOingtea. 

St.  Paul's  CaAi,  see  Oroys,  the. 

St.  Peter's,  see  Eanugale. 

St,  Firan',  see  Trv/ro. 

St.  fiBNHaN  Cbubch-towm',  see  Pen- 

St.  Teatb,  see  LavneesUm. 
Salcoube,  Bee  Dartmouth. 
tSullMJbury  (Wilts),  Slats..  G.  W. 
and  8.  W.  Blys.  (Bailways  diverge 
from  Salisbury:  the  G.  W.  byHeytes- 
bury  and  WarminBtet  to  Westbury; 
the  S.  W.  by  AndoTcai  and  Baaing- 
atoke  to  London;  by  Sherborne  and 
Yeoril  to  Sioter  and  Plymouth ;  by 
Bomsoy  and  Biflhopatoke  to  South- 
ampton ;  and  the  SaHabary  and  Dortet 
Jtmction  by  Downton  to  Wimbome.) 
Jnn»;  ••White  Hart  H..  J  m.  from 
railway,  and  close  to  Cathedral ;  Red 
Lion ;  Three  Swans ;  "Angel,  near  rafl- 
way  station.  This  cathedral  and  county 
tonn  is  situated  in  a  valley  at  the  con- 
flueaoe  of  3  streams — the  Upper  Avon, 
Bourn,  and  Wiley,  and  near  the  June- 
tioD  of  a  4th,  tho  Nedder.  It  is  now 
one  of  the  bestnlnuned  and  healthiest 
towns  in  the  Ungdom. 

The  Cathedral  is  the  chief  object  of 
attraotioD,  and  in  somo  respects  may 
be  ooosidered  tho  first  of  our  English 
cathedrals.  The  fonndatioa  was  laid 
by  Bp.  Poore,  AprU  28th,  1220.  The 
history  of  no  English  cathedral  is  so 
clear  and  so  readily  traceable,  and, 
with  the  eieeption  of  St.  Hugh's  Choir 
at  Lincoln  (commenced  II92),  it  was 
the  first  great  ohuroh  built  iu  England 
in  what  was  then  the  new,  or  Pointed, 
style  (Early  English),  of  which  it  still 
remains,  as  a  whole,  one  uf  Ihe  finest 
sad  moat  complete  and  uniform  eiam- 
plet  "  The  spire  is  among  the  most 
imposing  objects  of  which  Gothic  orchi- 
tectore  can  boast."  It  is  the  loftiest 
in  England,  rising  400  H.  above  the 
pavement.  The  Cloee,  which  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  wall,  has  4  gateways ; 
Hamkam  Oata  to  the  8. ;  8t  Ann^i  to 
the  N.E.,  with  a  chapel  over  it;  the 
CetKeterii  Gate,  at  the  end  of  the  Eigh- 


Blreet,  ornamented  with  a  statue  of 
James  I.,  by  Beckwilh,  on  the  8. 
front;  and  BUhop't  Qiife,  fronting; 
Eieter-street 

The  best  point  of  view  of  the  cathe- 
dral is  from  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Olose ; 
but  a  more  distant  view,  bringing 
out  the  beautifnl  proportions  of  the 
^ire,  Ac,  is  from  a  pojut  on  the  South- 
ampbDu^ond,  about  1  m.  from  the 
cauiedial,  near  the  "Grange,"  built 
I^,  and  a  residence  o^  Uie  late  Mr. 
Pi^in,  architect. 

The  N.  PonA,  whicli  serves  as  the 
UBoaleutraneetothe  cathedral,  is  lofty 
and  fine,  lined  with  a  double  arcade, 
and  having  a  chamber  in  ito  upper 

Entering  the  iiaix,  the  visitor 
should  proceed  to  the  western  extre- 
mity for  the  sake  of  the  general  view, 
which,  in  spite  of  a  certain  colduesa 
arising  from  want  of  stained  glass,  is 
exceedingly  beantifol.  On  stone  bench 
under  third  arch  from  W.  door,  and  on 
B.  side,  see  two  remarkable  figures 
brought  from  old  Sarum,  of  12th  cenl. 

The  GloMen,  which  are  among  tbe 
finest  in  England,  ore  entered  from 
the  S.W.  transept,  are  of  later  date, 
and  exhibit  a  mora  developed  style 
than  the  i«st  o(  the  cathedral,  and  no- 
thing can  be  more  beautifol  than  the 
oontniBt  of  their  long  grey  arcades 
and  graceful  windows  with  the  green 
sward  of  the  cloister-garth,  or  "  Para- 
dise." In  the  centre  of  the  E,  walk 
of  the  cloisters  is  the  Chapter-howe, 
-  ^.tegonal  in  form,  with  an  internal 
ameter  of  58  ft.,  and  height  of  S2  ft. 
It  was  restored  iu  memory  of  Bp. 
Denisou.  The  doorway  forming  tlie 
eotranoe  from  the  cloister  is  of  great 
beauty.  The  sculptures  running  aDove 
the  arcade,  in  the  spandrels  of  the 
arches,  represent  Old  Testament  his- 
tory to  the  time  of  Moses.  The  sum 
— tpendedon  restoring  the  etterioraud 
terior  up  to  1st  Nov.,  1876,  has  ex- 
«ded  52,0002.  The  restoration  of 
e  nave  and  N.  porch  is  iu  progress. 
The  organ  cost  3000Z,.  the  gift  of  Miss 
Grove,  of  Zeals.  The  reredos,  the 
gift  of  Earl  Beaucbamp,  coat  18001. 
A  door  from  tbe  ckdstera  opens  into 


the  gToands  of  the  ^aiteopat  Palaee, 
&  very  long,  irregulot,  but  pictnxesqne 
pile  of  bmlding,  the  chief  feattue  of 
■which  il  the  gateway  tower.  Several  of 
the  liotlsea  that  Bnitound  the  close  ore 
of  uohilectuml  or  historical  icterost. 
The  Deanery  is  an  irregular  pile, 
^poaite  the  W.  front.  The  King's 
House,  a  very  pictnresqne  gabled 
nunsioQ,  is  now  a  Ttaimng  College 
for  BchootmistresBes. 

The  Ch.  otE.  Hamham,  oa  the  bill 
beTood  the  limits  ot  the  city  S.,  is  a 
Bmall  but  very  beautiM  Btmcture,  in 
the  Dec  style,  erected,  18M,  in  memory 
of  the  late  Dean  Lear. 

Weit  Hamham  Ch.  (restored)  con- 
tains ft  good  Nonn.  N.  door,  an  E.-E. 
chancel-arch,  an  early  font,  and  a 
aingular  squint  in  the  chantry.  The 
old  part  of  Hamham  Mill,  temp.  Hen. 
Vn.  ot  VIII.,  ia  voty  curious. 

St.  Nicholas'  Eospila!,  founded, 
under  the  auspices  of  Bp.  Poore,  1227, 
for  poor  men  and  women,  forms  a 
very  picturesque  and  interesting  pile 
betweea  lie  S.  wall  of  the  Close  and 
Hamham  Bridge.  The  whole  is  pure 
E.  E.,  and  has  been  welt  restored  by 
Mr.  Butterfleld. 

The  Marlcet-place  is  a  large  open 
square  near  the  centre  of  tno  city. 
At  the  8.E.  comer  stande  the  ConiteU 
IToane,  erected  1788-1794,  and  in  front 
of  it  a  statue  of  Sidney  Herbert,  by 
HarochettL    A  narrow  passc^^  at  the 
S.W.  comer  loada  lo  the  FouitTy  Oroet, 
a  pictoresque  structure,  late  Ootfaic. 
Amongst  the  many  inteiestiog  l 
mains  of   medieeval  architecture  i 
maiuing  in  Salisbury,  the  finest  e 
ample  is  the  HaUa  of  John  SaUe,  < 
the  Canal,  now  a  show-room  for  china. 
This  noble  banqueting-room  was  built 
circa  1470  by  John  Halle,  an  em 
woolstapler.    The  lofty  roof  ia  of  dark 
oak  or  chestnut,  and  the  S.  end  of  the 
hall  is  occupied  by  an  ekborate  and 
curious  carved  oak  screen. 

In  St.  Ann-street  is  the  Jointrg 
SM  (Elimbethan).  The  'front  is  all 
that  now  remains. 

The  TaHor,'  Katt  is  sitnatad  at 
end  of  a  narrow  pasaage  leading  out 
of  Milfoid-street. 

The  SaU^ianj  aitd  8<mth  W<U, 


largest,  best  arranged,  and  most  in- 
coUections  of  pre-historic 
lains  of  man  &am  all  parts  of  the 
'Id,  but  especially  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Salisbury,  formed  by  Dr.  B., 
and  ptesented  by  Mm  to  his  native 
It  is  arranged  in  3  divisions, 
-The  Palieolithic ;  the  Cave 
Series ;  and  the  Neolithic  and  Bronze 
Age.  Graap  1,  Remains  of  AnjinfLlff 
found  asBOciatedwith  the  works  of  Man. 
Group  2.  Implemeuts  of  Stone.  Grotqi 
3.  Implements  of  Bronze.  (Troup  i. 
Imploments,  Weapons,  and  Ornaments 
of  Modem  Savages,  which  eerve  to 
throw  light  upon  the  use  of  similar 


(I)  SUmehenge  and  ATOeibvry,  in- 
cluding Old  Samm ;  (2)  Wilion  Houie 
(shown  'Wednesdays  and  Fridays),  ii 


Fridays),  including  Trafalgar  Honte 
(the  scenery  E.  from  the  pleasure- 
garden  is  most  charming!  and  Glaren- 
don ;  and  (4)  WardoUT  CaOle,  shown 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 

(a)  SUmehenge—ThiB  mysterious 
monument  of  antiquity  lies  abont  IJ 
m.  W.  of  Amesbnry,  9  m.  from  Salis- 
bury.     The  best  plan   U  to  liifco  a 


ValUy  of  the   Avon,   and   i. ^ 

over  several  miles  of  Salisbury  Plain. 
2  m.  rt.  is  Old  Saram,  a  huge  conical 
knoll  1  now  a  bare  hill,  encircled  by 
two  deep  vertical  entrenchments,  with 
a  central  mound,  the  citadel  of  the  for- 
tress, peering  above  them.  Down  to 
the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  this  spot  was 
crowded  with  buildings,  leligiouB,  mili- 
tary, and  domestic,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  important  cities  in  our  island.  Old 
Samm  is  chiefly  known  foe  the  privilegs 
it  enjoyed  for  more  than  500  years  sftst 
it  had  ceased  to  be  inhabited,  of  re- 
turning 2  M.P.'s. 

8  m.  brmgs  the  trftveller  to  thallfb- 
less  town  of  AmeA^try  or  AnJireibiirj 


BALISBUBT. 


(Jhnr  George),  prettily  rituated  in 
B.  fertile  bottom  embosomed  in  vrooiU, 
in  the  vftlley  of  the  Qpper  Avon.  It 
is  B,  pl&ce  i>f  the  highest  antiqaitj. 
A  Benedictioe  nuDiici'j  iras  founded 
here  bj  Queea  Elfridft.  circa  980.  It 
BubBeqncDtly  increased  in  splendour 
and  ID  Toyu  faToui,  and  bactuue  a  fa- 
vourite retreat  of  ladies  of  royal  or 
noble  birth.  After  the  Dissolution 
the  monastery  was  gnuntedT  to  the 
Barl  of  Hertford,  and  in  1821  the 
estate  was  purchased  by  Sir  Edmotid 
Antrobns. 

The  Houee  "  is  interesting  as  one  of 
the  earliest  examples  of  the  t^e  oo 
which  nine-tenths  of  the  scata  of  Eng- 
lish gentry  were  afterwardB  erected," 
and  because  ciay,  the  poet,  often 
stayed  here  when  the  house  belonged 
to  the  D.  of  Queensberry.  The  Avon 
flows  tbrongh  the  beautiful  grounds 
and  is  famous  as  a  trout-stream. 

The  Church  is  a  cmclfomt  edifice  of 
lE.-E.  character,  with  a  loTT  square  cen- 
tral tower.  The  Avon  sweeps  round  the 
hase  of  Uie  Camp,  locally  known  as 
"  the  Bamparti,"  crowning  a  wooded 
bill  enclosing  ^  acres. 

Stmiehenge  is  2  m.  from  Ameobniy, 
in  on  angle  formed  by  the  high  road 
■where  it  branches  rt.  to  Heytesbury. 
It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  Salii^mry 
Plain.  When  perfect,  it  consisted,  bo 
for  as  we  can  now  judge,  of  2  circles 
and  2  ellipses  of  upright  stones,  con- 
ceutiio  and  environed  by  a  bank  aud 
ditch,  and,  outside  this  boundary,  of  a 
single  upright  stone  and  a  hippodrome 
or  CuratM.  The  entrance  to  Uio  gieat 
cluster  of  circles  faced  the  N.E.,  and 
the  road  to  it.  Via  Sacra,  or  Avenue,  is 
still  to  bo  traced  by  banks  of  earth. 

The  outer  rirde  consisted  of  30  up- 
right Btonea  fixed  in  the  ground  at 
intervals  of  3§  ft.,  connected  at  the  top 
by  a  continuous  lino  of  30  imposts  form- 
ing a  ring  of  stone  at  aheignt  of  Idft. 
above  the  ground.  About  9  ft.  within 
this  was  uie  inner  etrele  of  unhewn 
obelisks,  30  or  10  in  number,  about  4 
ft.  high.  Witiiin  this,  again,  was  the 
grandest  part  of  Stonebeoge,  the  great 
ellipse,  formed  of  5  or  perbaps  7  Irili- 
thons,  or  triplets  of  stones,  2  placed  up- 
right and  1  croaawise.    Lastly,  within 


the  trilithons  was  the  jnn«r  ellipse,  con- 
Biatmgof  lOobelisks.  Inthecell  thus 
formed  was  the  altaT-eUme.  The  ruin  of 
to-day,  however,  presents  a  very  diffe- 
rent appearance,  and  is  but  a  confused 
pile  of  enormous  stones.  The  stones, 
for  the  most  part,  are  suoh  as  occur  on 
the  plains,  and  are  known  ai  sarsen 
stones ;  2  or  3  of  the  smaller  blocks 
may  be  transported  boulders.  The 
dat«,  origin,  and  use  of  Stonehenge, 
are  all  equally  uncertain. 

J  m.  to  the  N.  are  the  Seven  Burroart, 
s,  cluster  of  sepulchral  tumuli  ranged 
round  at  a  distance ;  and  adjoining 
them  is  the  western  end  of  the  Oamu. 

On  relnfning  to  Salisbury,  the  route 
by  the  valley  of  the  Avon,  locally 
Imown  as  the  Bmintei,  may  be  taken. 
Proceeding  over  Normanlin  Downs, 
in  2  m.  we  reach  Wibford  Houte,  the 
handsome  modem  residence  of  Giles 
Loder,  Esq.  A  little  further  down 
the  stream  is  Lake  JSouse  (Rev.  K. 
Duke),  a.  very  picturesque  mansion  in 
the  Elizabethan  style.  2J  m.  Li  Great 
Jhtmford  Ch.  with  very  rich  Norm. 
N.  and  S.  doorways  and  chancel  areh. 
5  m.  at  MidcOe  Wood/md  ia  BeaU 
Monte,  one  of  the  many  hiding-places 
in  which  Charles  II.  found  shelter  after 
the  battle  of  Worcester.  Some  of  the 
carved  work  still  remains. 

We  reach  at  6  m.  Slratford.  lying 
cloee  under  the  hill  of  Old  Sarum. 
The  manor-house  was  the  birthplace, 
or  at  least  the  residence,  of  William 
PiU.  Earl  of  Chatham,  who  wsa  first 
rotiUTied  to  Parliament  (1735)  as  Mem- 
ber for  those  vacant  mounds  on  the 
hill  above.  The  old  tree  under  which 
the  election  took  place  still  remains. 

(6)  WiUtm  Mouga  (Earl  of  Pem- 
broke).  May  be  seen  Wednesdays  and 
Fridays  from  10  to  4.  It  is  3  m.  dis- 
tant. There  are  stations  at  Wilton, 
.  both  of  the  G.  W.  and  S.  W.  BIya, ; 
but  the  most  agreeable  way  of  visiUng 
it  ia  byroad.  1)  m.  I.  ia  Bemerton, 
interesting  as  the  living  (house  and 
church  still  exist)  of  George  Herbert 
(1630-35),  in  which  he  died  (1635)  in 
his  13rd  year,  and  is  buried  wiUiin 
the  altar  rails  of  the  Cb.  Coxe,  the 
traveller  and  historian,  was  also  rector 
of  Bemerton.     A  fine  Ch.  has  been 


SALISBURY. 


created  near  ths  old  one,  as  a  m 
rial  of  Herbert. 

Wilbm,  3  m.  (Inti .-  Pembroke  Anas. 
doae  to  tbe  Park  gates),  is  a  small 
quiet  town,  of  great  antiquity.  Tbe 
flnent  earpet  are  mann&ctured  here. 
Conjing  from  Salisbnrf ,  the  visitor  will, 
before  eotering  WilloD,  arrive  at  tlie 
littioch.o!  Fagglaione.  At  tluB  point 
inateadoftumin^  j.  towarda  tbePark 
gatea,  continue  about  100  jda.  on  tbi 
Warmingter  road  to  Meieri.  Totes' 
carpel  fnclory.  Admiesion  is  readily 
given  on  sigcing  name  in  book,  Tbe 
viiiitor  will  be  much  iutercated  in  the 
dexterity  diown  by  the  operativea  and 
in  the  primitivenesB  of  tbe  machinery. 
In  the  village  itself,  the  remaining 
ivy-clad  rrugraeota  of  the  old  pariah 
cbureb  and  the  ancient  borough  a — 
adjoining  are  very  picturesque. 

A  new  Church  was  ercicted,  in  If  . 
by  (lie  Biglit  Hon.  Sidney  Herbert, 
afterwards  Ixird  Herbert  of  Lea,  in 
the  Lombardio  style  of  tbe  N.  of  Italy, 
from  designs  by  "t.  H.  Wyatt,  which 
for  gorgeonanesB  and  beauty  of  detail 
stands  unrivalled.  FrootiDg  the  road 
is  a  bell-tower,  108  H.  high,  distinct 
from  the  ch.,  but  commnnicating  with 
it  by  a  oloister  of  elaborately-worked 
columna.  The  nsual  entrance  for 
viaitora  is  by  tbe  door  nnder  the  cam- 
panile. The  internal  decorations  are 
of  the  most  elaborate  and  costly  cha- 
racter ;  the  palpit  should  be  specially 
noticed.  Under  2  allar-tombs,  bear- 
ing their  marble  efQgiee,  are  buried 
Lord  Herbert  of  Lea  and  liia  mother, 
A  little  way  past  the  oh.  may  be 
noticed  some  remains  of  t4ie  Eoitpi- 
tal  of  St.  John,  founded  circa  1189. 
Filton  abuse  occupies  the  site  of 
the  monastery  given  by  Hon.  VIII. 
to  the  Iflt  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Tbe 
place  abounds  in  ioteresling  aaaocia- 
tione.  The  present  mansion,  famed 
for  its  marblca  and  pictures  (particu- 
larly Yandycltn)  is,  fur  tbe  most  part, 
modem.  A  Tn'umpftu!  Arch  leads  to 
the  chief  entrance.  Tbe  Hall  ia 
adorned  with  suits  of  ancient  armour. 
The  Pemfcrofte  Marbim,  arranged  in 
tbe  hall  and  around  the  cloister,  ivere 
collected,  1678,  by  Thomas,  Sib  Earl 
of  Pembi«l>e.    The  Favntiagt  are  nu- 


merous, and  consist  chiefly  of  works 
of  the  German  and  Flemtsn  schools. 

Tbe  GrouTuit  and  gard^Ds  are  sx- 
ceedingly  beautiful,  owing  to  tba 
views  they  command. 

(c)  Longford  CailU  (Earl  of  Bad- 
nor)  is  situated  on  the  Avon,  I.  of  the 
road  to  Downton,  3  m.  &om  Saliabory. 
It  may  be  seen  on  Tuesdays  and  Fri- 
days, or  by  travellers  and  foreigners, 
by  permission,  on  any  week-daj.  It 
construction,  and  cele- 
pieiure-gallerj/,  cue  of 
the  country,  and  particu- 
ihj  Solhdn. 
□early   opposite 


brated  foi 
the  finest 
larly  liah 


Longford,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river, 
stood  Ivy  Church,  an  Angusiine  priory, 
founded  by  Hen.  II.  Smne  remains  of 
its  walls  may  still  be  Been  in  a  school 
wliich  occupies  itssite;  and  one  of  its 
old  Grcplaoes,  T  ft.  in  length,  and  cnt 
from  a  single  block  of  Portland  stone, 
is  ia  tbe  kitchen  of  the  Grecu  Dragon 
Inn,  at  Alderbitry,  a  village  on  the 
Southampton  roiul,  end  close  to  the 
small  remains  of  the  royal  palace  of 
Clarendon,  the  latter  lying  2  m.  E.  ot 
Salisbury.  The  drive  through  the 
Park  and  woods  is  a  most  attractive 

Trafalgar  ifou»e(Earl  Nelson)— not 
open  to  visitors — purchased,  in  1814, 
for  the  heirs  ot  the  conijueror  of  Tra- 
falgar. Near  the  rivar-side  is  a  chapel 
of  the  17tb  cent. 

(i)  Wardour  CatlU  (2  m.  S.W.  ot 
Tis'iuruStat. ),  tbe  seat  of  Lord  Arun- 
del of  Waidonr,  is  shown  on  Mondays 
and  Fridays  from  11  till  4.  It  is  a 
lurge  stone  mansion,  with  a  Corinthian 
portico  attached  to  the  S.  front  It  is 
justly  celebiated  for  its  collection  of 
paintings,  and  Other  tare  and  ourioas 
works  of  art.  Tbe  visitor  is  condncted 
to  the  rotunda  ttaircate,  and  by  this 
grand  and  beautiful  approach,  to  tbe 
suite  of  apartments  containing  tbe 
pictures.  The  ParA:  is  hirge  and  finely 
wooded.  The  pleasure-grounds  extend 
more  than  1  m.  from  the  hpuse  to  the 
ivy-mantled  ruin  of  the  ancient  castle. 

The  Catiie  is  hexagonal  in  plan, 
with  2  square  tovrers  aUacbed  to  the 
eastern  point.  The  walls  are  nearly 
perfect ;  a  good  example  of  earl;  Pcrp. 


SALTBUSN-BY-SEA— SANDWICH. 


The  vialtor  enters  the  preoincts  of  the 
rain  thioiigli  a  gatebouBe. 

Doanlm  (Stat-X  6  m.  &oin  BaliB- 
bnry  by  rood,  ia  e,  place  of  great  an- 
tiqnitj,  and  still  retains  a  veatige  of 
SaxoQ  times  in  a  mound  called  the 
Hoot,  at  tbe  E.  end  of  the  village. 
The  ciurcft  is  a  lai^  oraciform  build- 
ing, with  a  central  tower,  ohiefly  E.  B. 
The  tower  arohee  are  fine,  with  marble 
shafts.  The  old  manor-hmte,  of  Eliz. 
or  Jacobean  date,  is  now  a  t^rmhonse. 
One  of  the  old  chimnoy-pieces,  scnlp- 
toKd  with  shields,  may  stlU  be  seen 
ia  the  hall.  The  Moot  will  be  inter- 
eating  to  the  antiqaar;,  presenting  to 
his  notice  the  aicgolar  earthwork  in 
which  either  Saxon  parliaments  or 
Saxon  courts  of  justice  have  been 
mippoBed  to  be  held.  It  is  in  good 
preservation,  and  surrounded  by  an 
old-&Bhioned  garden.  W.  ofDownton, 
on  Wick  Dovra,  are  remains  of  Beveral 
complicated  cbules,  forming  a  mtae. 
The  nills  are  crowned  by  the  entrench- 
ment of  WMMmy,  or  Cutis  DitcAet. 
At  Breamore  ^Hants),  3  m  by  rail, 
tbe  Ch.,  with  its  Norm,  doorvray,  is 
■worth  a  Tisit.  Breamore  House  (re- 
built 1S5^  is  tbe  seat  ti  Sir  Edward 
Hulse.    (See  also  Fordtngbridge.') 

Salle,  see  AylAam. 

SALTiiHE,  see  Bradford  (Yorks.). 


Stat..  N,  E.  Ely,,  j  br.  from  BUxklon, 
and  252  m.  from  London  (King's- 
crosa).  Innt :  Zetland  H. ;  Alexandra 
B. ;  both  first-class ;  Queon.  A  pio- 
toresque  modem  watering-place,  situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  2  wooded  glens. 
There  is  good  bathing,  and  a  pier  about 
500  yards  long  offers  an   agreeable 

Sromenade.  A  hoist,  worked  by  hy- 
ranlio  power,  may  be  osed  for  as- 
cending from  or  descending  to  the 
aands  and  pier,  and  is  a  great  boon  to 
iafftlids.  Steamers  call  occasionally 
from  Bcarborongb,  Whitby,  Hartlepool, 
and  Middlesborongh,  and  aflord  the 
means  of  easy  water  excursions.  Hunt- 
cliff  (350  ft.),  which  is  reached  by  a 
footpath  passing  the  coastguard  housei, 
and  BockolifTe  (550  ft.)  shonld  be 
visited.  It  is  a  pleasant  walk  along 
the  munificent  otnda  to  Bedear,  S  tn. 


Whitby,  20  m.  distant.  Stelton  CailU, 
2  m.,  may  be  reached  by  passing 
through  the  glen,  and  i  m.  beyond  ia 
Qaiiborou^h.  On  tbia  road  ia  Uplea- 
tAam  faH  (Earl  of  Zetland).  BraOon 
Ch,  1778,  is  2\  m.  S.B..  and  has  a  fine 
view  from  the  oh.-yd. 

Salt  Hill,  see  Slotigh. 

Saltbab,  see  FlumouSi. 

SALTWoon,  see  SyOie, 

Saltinoton,  see  TPbrtiing. 

Sahdbach,  see  Oreum. 

Sansebstead,  see  Croydon. 

Sakdpobi),  see  Oxford  (iBzcnts.). 

SAMDFOHn,  see  Tivaion. 

BANDFoan  Oboas,  sea  SAsrbortw. 

SA)n>QATB,  Bee  FdkeUone. 

Sandsubst,  see  Wokingham. 

&i^l>\xiosD,  see  Nea^ry. 

%tmaov  Hall  (Staff),  close 
to  Sandon  Stat.,  N.  Staff.  IUy.(Jim: 
Dog  and  Doablet),  ia  Ihe  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Harrowby — a  modern  Tudor 
mansion,  in  place  of  an  older  one  burnt 
down  in  1848.  The  grounds  are  very 
charming,  and  contain  the  following 
objects  of  interest ;  —  The  conservatory 
and  aquatic  houses ;  the  Pitt  Monu- 
ment, a  copy  of  Trajan's  Pillar ;  Perce- 
val's Seat,  a  Gothic  temple  in  memory 
of  that  statesman ;  tbe  Keservoir,  a 
copy  of  the  tomb  of  Helen,  daughter  of 
Lysiaa,  The  views  from  the  higher 
portions  of  the  grounds  are  very 
lovely.  In  the  Ci.are  (oianelabotate 
Monument  to  Eideswicke,  tbe  anti- 
quary, erected  to,  and  made  by,  him- 
self; (i)  altar-tomba  to  the  same 
family,    ^one  June.  Slat,  is  5  tn. 

Sakdown,  see  Wigid,  Iile  of. 

Saiisown  Pare,  see  EiJter. 

Sandflace,  see  Litkeard. 

SANnanrGHAU,  see  Lynn,  King'i. 

Samdwlcb  (Kent),  Stat.,  8.  E. 
Bly.  Inns ;  Bell ;  Flouric-Lia  ;  Lord 
Warden;  King's  Head  (an  Bliiabetban 
house,  with  a  very  fine  "  upper  cham- 
ber," nearly  60  R.  long),  Bandwich, 
one  of  the  most  ancient  of  the  Ginqne 
Port  Towns  (ranking  nest  to  Hastings 
in  precedeaoy)  was,  in  early  days,  one 
of  tbe  most  important  Englidi  hai- 
2  0 


8ANDWICE—8ASDT. 


tMtm  on  the  But  Oowt,  but  ii  oow 
(like  Bve)  dbtuit  nevlf  2  m.  Stom  the 
wa.  Tlie  tmot  below  the  torn  is  still 
cftlled  the  Haven,  tmd  thnmgh  it  the 
Stoui  winds  so  gteatlT  that  its  oonrao  is 
nearly  4  m.  in  length  before  reaching 
tike  sea.  The  town  is  in  the  fotm  of  a 
BSmioirole,  of  whioh  the  river  Btour, 
or  ''Haven,"  is  the  base,  built  on  a 
flat  elevated  about  IS  ft.  above  the 
■  "  1.    The  walls  towards 


the  r 


e  of  Bt 


others  of  earth.  Their 
ooonpied  by  a  well-kept  pnblio  wait, 
afibiding  a  good  view  of  the  town. 
There  were  Gnmerly  B  Rates,  at  which 
watch  and  ward  were  kept,  of  whioh 
Ote  imly  anoient  one  remaining  is  the 
JfiAer  Oote,  towards  the  Haveu.  Just 
abore  is  the  Batbiean,  a  Tudor  stmc- 
3  which  the  town  is  en- 


The  principal  ch.  is  St.  CleiMr>t$ 
(interior  restored),  the  fine  Norman 
toner  of  which,  with  an  exterior 
arcade,  is  seen  &am  the  station. 

8t.  Thoma^t  Hoipilal,  fonaded  in 
1S92  by  Thomaa  fAliB,  a  draf)ei  in 
Sandwich,  stood  nearly  opposite  St. 
Pater's,  bat  wasrabnilt  in  1S64  ontside 
thetown.  At  the  BJl  end  of  the  town, 
nearW  onNjaite  the  lailway  station,  is 
the  Somltal  of  SL  Barti^omew,  pm- 
baUy  of  the  12th  oent.  Its  chapel  is 
£,  E.,  |U)d  interesting.  At  the  oppo- 
site end  of  the  town,  near  the  site  of 
the  GaDtetbnTy  Gate,  is  the  OrammiHr 
Sthooi,  founded  15G1  by  Sir  Eoger 
Httnwood,  Kt. 

BiMorough,  the  anoient  Butupim, 
uid  petfaapa  the  most  striking  relic 
of  old  Bome  existing  in  Britain,  lies 
about  1  m.  N.  of  Bandwioh.  It  is, 
however,  2  m.  from  the  station,  and 
may  be  quite  as  readily  reeched  by 
waging  or  driving  from  Ramtgale  or 
Hinster,  and  oroasiDg  the  ferry  by 
the  Stonar  Cnt,  on  the  high  road — a 
lonte  which  afibids  the  best  view  ij 
the  noble  N.  wall.  This,  the  best- 
preserved  portion  of  the  stnictnre,  ia 
abont  460  ft.  in  length,  30  ft  high 
on  the  exterior  in  aonte  plaoea,  and 
in  othen  20  ft.  The  masses  of  ruin 
passed  in  asceoding  to  it  from  the 
livs  are  those  of  a  return  wall,  now 


overthrown,  and  of  a  tower  and  but- 
tress, near  the  angle  of  the  nliff.  Ai 
the  opposite  N.W.  angle  are  the  re- 
maina  of  a  circular  tower,  and  Uiere 
were  originall;  Bqnare  towers  at  in- 
tervals on  the  sides  of  the  castrum. 
It  must  be  remembered  thsit  Bnhi- 

S'te  was  not  a  largo  walled  city,  like 
urovemum  (Canterbury)  or  London, 
but  only  a  strong  &antler  fortre&i. 
The  ancient  armagement  of  thi^  build- 
ings within  the  walls  it  is  impossible 
to  determine.  The  most  reniarkable 
feature  is  the  cmoifbrra  stmctine 
oommonly  called  St.  Augattine't  Oran, 
within  ttiB  walla,  towards  the  N.E. 
oomer.  The  cross  is  a  block  of 
rubble  and  mortar,  the  shaft  87  fL  in 
length  by  7  ft.  6  in.,  and  the  traverse 
46  it.  by  S2  ft.  This  ia  level  with 
the  ground,  but  rests  on  a  solid  plat- 
form of  boulder  atones  laid  in  cement, 
114  ft.  by  104  ft.  square.  (Excavations 
have  beea  made  to  a  depth  of  30  ft 
and  upwards,  but  without  reaching 
the  foundations  or  obtaining  any  cine 
to  the  object  fur  whioh  such  a  solid 
mass  of  masonry  was  built 

Within  500  yds.  on  the  8.  aide  of 
the  walls,  tba  remains  of  an  amphi- 
theatre are  clearly  to  be  Iraoed  in  an 
arable  field  Fiagmeats  of  pillars  and 
oomioes,  in  a  fine  white  marlde.  have 
been  found,  as  well  as  much  bnABi 

it  lias  been  calculated  tlwt  not  loa 
than  140,000  coins  have  been  found 

at  Bichborough  at  diiferent  periods. 
Beaidea  Boman  relics,  ranging  ont 
the  whole  400  years  of  tbeir  oocnpa- 
tioQ,  Saxon  coins  and  personal  om*- 
menbs  have  been  fbmid  in  the  nei^ 
bouihood,  indicating  the  continued 
oocupalion  of  the  place  by  the  new 
conquerors. 

tiand:r  (Beds.),  Stats.  (Saitdy 
June.),  G.  N.  and  L,  k  N.  W.  Elys, 
inns:  Bell,  near  the  station;  Qrey> 
hound.  This  is  a  large  village,  under 
a  long  ridge  of  sandhills,  which  rise* 
almost  abniptly  from  the  plain,  on 
the  rt  bank  of  the  IveL  Sandy  Ims 
been  pronounced  to  be  the  Solum  of 
Ftolemyi  and  in  the  neighbourhood, 
at  Cheker/ielct,  is  a  Inrge  oblong  en- 
treucboient,  no  doubt  Boman ;  besides 


SA  WBRIDQEWOHTB—SCAnBOROVQE. 


887 


wWt  U  called  Ckmo'i  Camp,  od  the 
great  monnd  which  r[Bea  immediately 
above  tbe  abitioji,  rt. 

NorOua  Otimh  (reatorsd),  2]  m.  S„ 

liaa  a  fiue  S.  poroli,  witli  Btoce  vault 
and  a  parviBe  ohunbet  above.  Tbe 
Tillage  of  Mae^iniry  ia  1  m.  beyond. 

On  the  W.  sido  of  tbe  park,  bf- 
tween  Ickwellbot;  Honaa  and  Northill, 
are  some  earihaorki  of  nnuBual  cha- 
r«ctor.  They  occupy  a  eqnare  area  of 
abont  5  acres,  and  are  smroanded  by 
td  broad  outer  moat  At  CoId^eoH,  a 
Itiimlet  in  the  pariah  of  Northill,  a 
o.  smaU  modern  ch.  wortli  notice. 

From  Potton  (Stat,  4  m.)  the  anti- 
quary or  urtiat  sbonld  by  all  means 
visit  Hodey  Codtayne,  3  in.,  where 
the  Ch.  has  been  fitted  with  very  fine 
Flemlati  ourvinKa.  It  atanda  in  the 
Park  of  Hatiey  Cockayne  (Capt  Coat). 
The  key  mnst  be  asked  for  in  tbe 
adjoining  village.  The  woodwork  in 
the  chancel  an<l  alalia  cume  from  the 
SenedictiDo  abbey  of  Aloe,  on  tbe 
Sambre,  near  Charleroi.  The  design 
oftbeee  stall-divisiona  ia  excellent,  and 
there  are  fine  ehembs'  heeda  at  the 
bench  ends.  The  vorvinga  below  the 
chancel  windowa  are  admirable.  The 
cmaT-rail  waa  brought  from  a  church 
nt  Haliiicfi,  and  is  carved  with  sub- 
jects relating  to  the  Uoly  Eucharist: 
tbe  jiuipi't  ia  from  the  Ch.  of  St.  An- 
drew, at  Antwerp.  The  doors  sepa- 
rating tbe  tower  from  the  nave  are 
ftum  Louvain,  and  tbe  wooden  screen 
of  the  "  &milT  pew  "  waa  ouee  part  of 
a  oonfeasiooal  in  the  Oh.  of  St  Bavcn, 
at  Ghent. 

BAtnoH  DowKHAM,  aee  Thetfori. 

Sappbbtok,  Bee  OirttieaUr. 

SAotntEBBFOOT,  Bee  TtiAy, 

^AVKRNAEE,  Bee  MarUxiriMgh. 

StiwbrI  dire  worth,  prou. 
S^tvmth  (Herts.),  Stut.,  G.  E.  Illy. 
'Xhe  Ckardv  (St.  Michael's)  hua  some 
very  good  windows,  some  curious 
liioDumonta,  and  fine  brasbea.  Rivera's 
2furKry  Garden  should  be  viaited  :  it 
containB  12  acres  of  roees. 

On  the  wooded  height  (rt.)  is  Wall- 
buTy,  a  perfect  Romao  uamp  of  30  aoiea 
area — about  1  m.  in  ciioamference. 
4  in.  N.  IB  Bithop'i  Sbtrtford. 

Sawlbt  Abbet,  see  mOterot. 


SciLBT,  Bee  Scarborough, 

Menrborongrli  (Yorks.),  233| 
m.  from  King's-croaa  Stat..  Londcai, 
via  York.  From  the  latter  city  the 
ilistance  by  N,  B.  Rly.  ia  42f  m.,  and 
the  journey  by  express  train  occupies  1^ 
hr.  Intu:  on  (a)  8ouih  CIt|f— tho  more 
fashionable — •■Koyal  IE;  "Crown 
H. ;  Grand  H. ;  Prince  of  Wales  H. ; 
all  good.  Table  d'hote  in  each  daily 
from  May  to  November.  Tbe  average 
coffee-room  oharges  per  head  for  bed 
and  board,  11a.  ed.  to  13t.  a  day ;  tbey 
ere  mnch  leas  from  the  middle  of  Oc- 
tober to  the  end  of  June,  (i)  North 
Cliff — a  quieter  and  rather  cheaper 
niburb-4neen  H.;  Albion.  (e)Inthe 
town:  Talbot;  Caatle;  Oeorgo;  Bull; 
Pavilion  (oppoaite  the  Btation).  There 
are  numerous  lodgings  in  all  direc- 
tions :  the  best  and  pleasanteat  are  on 
the  N.  and  S.  Oiffs.  Foilroffee,  comer 
of  Market-at  and  Qneen-at  Pop. 
of  borough,  26,000,  and  about  200, QUO 
viaitora  annually.  The'  Beason  is  at 
its  height  in  August  and  September, 
when  it  iedifficnlli  to  obtain  accommo- 
dation in  any  of  the  principal  hotels. 
tin  other  place  offers  the  reaourcea 
or  tbe  amuaement  of  this  "  Queen  of 
Northern  Watering-placee."  The  air 
is  bracing,  the  aanda  remarkable  for 
eitenli  and  smoothneaa ;  the  bathing 
is  excellent;  the  spa  waters  (ch^y- 
beato)  are  in  high  repute;  and  the 
numeroua  excursiona,  both  inland  and 
aloug  the  coast,  are  io  tbe  highest 
degree  pleasant  and  pictnreaqne.  llie 
Cliff  Bridge  acrosa  the  ravine,  com- 
pleted in  1S27.  connects  the  old  town 
and  the  8.  Cliff.  The  chief  points  of 
interest  are  the  Caatle  and  8t.  Mary's 
Ch.,  in  the  old  tonn.  On  the  S.  Cliff, 
the  Museum,  the  Spa,  tlie  Promenade, 
and  St  MarUo's  Cli.  BaUway  car- 
riages run  (water  the  motive  power) 
between  S.  Cliff  (oppoaite  the  Prince 
of  Wales  Hotel)  and  EspUnade.  for 
the  use  of  visitors.  The  town  is  well 
supplied  with  pleasure-boale,  hai^- 
aev'Carriages  of  every  deaoriplion,  and 
aaddle-horaes.  The  best  streets  for  shop- 
ping are  St  Nicbolna-street,  in  which 
are  TheakUatCi  Library,  Marshall  & 
Unell^ve's  and  Bright's  (jewellery) ; 
and   Newboiough  -  atreet      Barony's 


SCABBOBOVGH. 


photogmphio  mUaiy  (S,  Cliff)  is  well 
wortli  a  vMt.  There  U  a  marine  aqua- 
rium, larger  than  that  at  BrightoD. 
The  CaiUe,  a  most  piotniesqne  object 
vieweid  &om  B.  Cliff  and  Bonda,  nae 
built  by  Wm.  le  Giob,  Earl  of  Al- 
bemarle, in  tbe  rbign  of  Btephen.  It 
was  flunendered  by  Piers  de  Gavea- 
ton,  Edward  Il.'e  favotuite,  alter  an 
attack  made  by  tbe  EbjI  of  Pembroke, 
in  1SI2  ;  again,  in  1645,  after  a  stout 
reaistaaee  by  Sir  Hugh  Cholmley. 
On  this  occasion,  a  lodgment  of  troops 
nnder  Uie  tint  Parliamentary  com- 
mander, Sir  John  Moldrum,  was  made 
in  St.  Mary't  Ch.  (poitX  and  a  batlety 
opened  from  the  E.  window ;  but  the 
castle  guns  destroyed  the  choir  of  the 
oh.,  Hiill  in  ruin.  In  1665,  Geo.  Foi, 
founder  of  the  aooiety  of  "  Friends," 
wa«  impriBoned  here.  After  the  in- 
juries reoeiied  during  tbe  Civil  War, 
tbe  ancient  portions  of  tbe  cnatle  gra- 
dually fell  into  rain.  The  approach 
is  a  short  distance  £.  of  St.  Mary's 
Ch.,  and  the  barbican,  by  wbiob  tbe 
visitor  enters,  was  repaired  after  tbe 
siege  already  named  in  16*5.  For 
an  excellent  notice  of  the  castle, 
tbe  arcbmologist  should  refer  to  the 
'  Builder '  for  Dec.  16, 1S66. 

The  scar  (300  fL),  on  which  the  cas- 
tle stands,  is  precipitons  toward  the 
sea.  The  summit  is  divided  by  a 
cross-wall  into  two  unequal  spaces. 
In  the  smaller  of  theae,  or  the  "iwier 
ward,"  is  tbe  beep,  and  for  leave  to 
inspect  this  the  visitor  must  apply  to 
tiie  artillerymen,  whose  barrack  is 
close  by.  It  is,  no  doubt,  of  the  reign 
of  Hen.  U.  Tbe  E.  side  is  perfect, 
whilst  the  W.  side  ia  quite  gone; 
about  half  of  tbe  N.  and  B.  sidi  ' 
standing.  The  "  outer  ward,' 
"  Castle  Green,"  is  always  open  to  the 
public,  and  fiom  it  is  gained  a  mag- 
nificent sea-view.  The  old  Ch.  of 
SI.  Mary,  Trans.-Norm.  and  E.  E. 
is  close  at  band.  It  was  originally 
granted  by  Rich.  L,  in  1198,  to  the 
Abbey  oT  Clteanx,  in  Burgundy,  and 
was,  together  with  the  castle  tmapel, 
oonnnned  to  the  Cistercians  by  Edw.  I. 
The  rectorial  property  was  subsequently 
seized  by  Hen.  IV.  and  by  Hen.  VIII. 
'  'ter  the  siege  in  1645,  some  repairs 


ite  made,  and  an  extendve  "  restora* 
m  "  was  completed  in  ISSO.  It  baa 
splendid  p^  of  bells,  tbe  prize 
lis  in  the  International  Exhibltioa. 
of  1351.  The  nave  is  that  of  the  oii- 
ginal  building.  Observe  the  roofing  oC 
the  chantries  adjoining  tbe  8.  tuala 
ovUide  the  oh.  The  view  trom  tba 
ch.-yd.  towards  the  S.  Cliff  is  verf 
picturesque.  Those  who  study  quiet 
and  economy  are  recommended  totabe 
up  their  quarters  on  tbe  N.  side  of  the 
town.  The  bathing  then  is  excel- 
lent, and  close  at  hand  ;  (be  iron  pier 
affords  a  capital  promenade,  which  is 
enlivened,  during  the  season,  by  a 
■■■-'  whilst  tbe  distance  hence  to 
,  I,  on  the  8.  OliC  is  only  about 
}  m.  The  Spa  is  approached  by  the 
Cliff  Bridge  (admission  6d.).  The 
grounds  are  very  pretty,  and  offer  a 
very  pleasant  lounge,  lie  Spa  build- 
ings (rebuilt  1378)  are  immediately 
being  the  see,  and  consist  of  a  large 
saloon,  refreshment  -  rooms.  &c.  A 
band  ptajs  at  midday  and  evening, 
and  the  Hue  terrace-walk  in  front 
of  the  bnildii^  is  a  favourite  and 
fashionable  rendezvons.  The  well- 
kept  Museum  (admission  Sd.)  stands 
on  rising  ground  below  the  Cliff 
Bridge.  It  contains  interesting  auti- 
quitiea.  and  a  moat  valuable  geological 
collection,  arranged  by  the  first  curator 
of  it,  Mr.  J.  Williamson.  In  the  lower 
room,  the  chief  object  is  a  hollow  oak- 
tree,  with  tbe  skeleton  and  all  elsefonnd 
in  it,  discovered  in  a  tnmulns  at  Oris- 
tborpe,  in  1835.  In  a  small  adjoining 
room  is  a  very  good  aquarium.  On 
the  B.  Cliff  is  the  &ie  Ch.  of  Sl.MarUa'i 
on  Ote  Hill,  consecrated  in  1863.  Tbe 
doors  are  always  open,  and  tbe  pulpit 
and  stained  glass  deserve  attention. 
Exairtiont, — Oliver's  Mouni,  H  m. 

go  named  from  a  &Jse  tradition  that 
romwell  was  present  at  the  liege  of 
tbe  castle),  ia  600  ft.  high,  and  oom- 
mands  magnificent  views  from  the 
road  running  round  its  summit.  To 
f'iley,  along  tbe  sands  (about  8  rn.)^ 
returning  by  train.  Care  must  be 
taken  by  those  choosing  the  eanda  to 
asoertaln  the  state  of  Uie  tide,  or  the 
pedestrian  may  be  overtakeo  by  it 
without  any  means  of  eiK«pe.    The 


8CABB0S0U6B. 


coaat-line  along  this  Tonte  is  indented 
by  3  disUnirt  hays ;— Cornelian  Bay,  a 
short  diflanoe  ftotn  the  Spa,  where 
JBspen,  moss  agates,  and  ooineliaiiB 
ore  found  among  the  pebblea  ;  Cayton 
Say,  the  alif&  above  which  are  of 
ceJcareons  grit  and  Oxford  clay;  and 
GrUthorpe  Bay.  The  lowest  atrsts  of 
the  clifls  at  the  last-riumed  contain 
"vaat  mnltitudes  of  beautiful  fema, 
zamifo,  lycopodiaceie,  and  much  vood." 
IFTom  the  cliff  at  the  S.  end  of  the 
ba;  (2S0  fl.  high)  (he  vigitoi  may 
descend  at  once  upon  Filey,  or  con- 
t  inoe  along  the  coaat  to  Filey  Brig,  the 
N.  end  of  Filey  Bay,  A  4-hor8e  coach 
leavea  Scarborough  (Royal  Hotel) 
daily,  daring  the  aeason,  for  Brid- 
linglon,  calling,  ^ing  end  returning, 
Bt  the  Crescent  Hotel,  Filey.  N.  of 
Souborough,  the  saudii  beyond  the 
oastle  form  a  noble  promenade,  and 
the  view  of  the  caatle  cliff  from  them 
18  very  piotureaque.  Proceedins  nortb- 
wuda  is  reached,  4}  m..  CUmghitm 
^fce,  and,  2  m.  boyond,  Baybum 
Wyke,  a  narrow  wooded  glen,  through 
ivhiobaHtreamdeacendatothoaea.  The 
scene  here  is  very  picturesque.  From 
this  point  is  tbe  long  atretcli  of  StaiTi- 
londaU  Cliff,  eslending  to  the  "Old 
PeafadiBtanceofneBTlf  4|m.  At 
the  N.  end  the  cliff  is  535  ft.  high,  and 
affords  a  magnificent  view  over  the 
moors  inland  and  across  the  German 
Ocean.  The  Tariona  beds  of  sand- 
stone are  rich  in  fossil  plania,  and 
the  limestonea  are  full  of  shetls.  Im- 
mediately beyond  is  the  beantiful 
"Bobin  Hood's  Bay"  (^  Whitby), 
and  hence  it  is  6  m.  to  Whitb;^-  At 
N.  end  of  tbe  bay  is  the  primitive 
and  piotoresque  Bay  3Wn,  which  the 
tourist  should  not  foil  to  visit.  The 
whole  distance  along  the  clifla  from 
tN:arborough  to  Whitby  is  about  22  m., 
and  the  &ect  railway  now  in  oonrso 
of  constmotion  between  tbe  two  towns 
will  afford  easy  access  to  the  places  of 
interest  along  the  coast  in  this  direc- 
tion. Tbe  drive  to  Whitby  across 
the  moors,  passing,  3  m.,  the  Falcon 
Inn,  affords  the  visitor  an  opportunity 
of  inspecting  the  hollows,  marking 
the  site  of  primitive  villages,  and 
"■""""-a  tnmuli.    At  the  village  of 


Falsgrave,  }  m.  on  the  York  road,  is 
a  public  garden.  A  very  interesting 
drive,  or  walb,  about  16  m.,  is  by  the 
Old  Halton  road  to  Jufon ;  thence  up 
the  Forge  Valley  to  Everley,  and  tlie 
charming  vill^e  and  park  of  ffiicfc- 
neu;  and  thence  back  to  Scatborougli 
by  Scalby.  Hacknnt  stands  at  the 
junction  of  the  Lowdales  Beck  with 
tbe  Derwent.  and  the  tourist  will  do 
well  to  halt  for  a  day  or  two  at  the 
Inn  at  Everley,  adjoining  Hackness 
on  (be  Forge  Valley  side.  [IVonb- 
daU  lies  a  little  B.W.  of  Hack- 
neas.  Long  narrow  valleys,  all  wooded 
and  beauSful,  run  up  into  the  high 
moors,  each  having  a  tribntary  of  tlio 
Derwent.  For  fishing  in  the  Der- 
went— a  fine  tront-etrcam — apply  to 
the  Secretary  of  tbe  Anglers  Club, 
Jaa.  Cooper,  Esq.,  of  Hutton  Busoal] 
Thechancel-archof  the  Chwch  is  very 
early  Norm.  On  the  N.  wall  is  an 
inscription  recording  the  early  history 
of  Hackneea.  On  the  S.,  observe  a  good 
monument  by  Chartlrey,  to  the  wife 
of  O.  Johnstone,  d.  1819;  and  above 
it  tbe  long  inscription  on  the  tablet 
for  Lady  M.  Hoby,  d.  leiS.  In  the 
chancel  are  preserved  fraKments  of 
crosses  belongiug  to  St.  Hilda's  mona- 
slery,  eatabli^ed  680.  Adjoining  the 
ch.  is  Hackneu  Park  (Sir  J.  V.  B. 
Johnstone,  Bt.).  The  road  winds 
through  the  picturesque  park,  and  in 
making  a  descent  towards  Scalby 
affords  a  fine  view  of  Scarborough. 
In  ScaUiy  Ch.,  3  m.  from  Scarborough, 
observe  E.-E.cbancel-arch,  and  curious 
debased  windows  in  the  top  storey  of 
the  tower.  6  m.  from  fk^borough, 
on  the  Malton  road,  is  Halton  Bateel 
(interesting  chorch),  and,  1  m.  farther, 
Wykeham  Parlt  (Dow.  Lady  Downe), 
where  was  a  priory  of  Cisterciau  nnos, 
founded  circa  IISS.  Beyond  t^aiu, 
li  m.,  is  Brompton,  where  the  poet 
Wordeworih  was  married  in  1802. 

Excurtiont  by  rail  may  be  made  to 
FiUy  (about  25  min.,  or  a  pleasant 
driveofaboat  7}m.by  rood);  Marten, 
for  FlanJxtrotigh  Head  (about  1  hr.) ; 
Bridlinglon  (about  1  hr.— a  4-horBe 
coach  runs  daily  to  Bridlington  and 
back  in  the  season) ;  Pickering  (18  m.), 
where  tbe  castle  and  ch.  are  worth  see- 


BEATON— SETTLE, 


ing,  via  Biliingtan  Juuo. :  Maltoa  (j  hr. 
Iif  oipreas  tiaiu)  and  CaaUe  Homard 
(about  1^  hi.);  OiUing,  13  ra.  &om 
MaltoD.  Sleomers  run  daily  to  Whitby 
(IJ  hr,),  FUer,fuid  Bridlington (24  m.), 
afihrdiDg  a  good  view  of  the  coast. 

fiOAUiBBBiCK  Hall,  »ee  Ormikirk. 

SciLLY  Isles,  see  Penzance. 

ScRiTEUBf ,  aee  Lineoln. 

Beacohbk,  aee  BtTkenhead. 

SBiijOBD,  see  Neahaven. 

Sbauau  H4BB0DII,  866  Sunderland. 

Seascalb,  kc  Lakei  and  St.  Bea. 

Skatuwaite,  see  Ketwick. 

Se  ATOLL  SB,  Bee  Kesviiek. 

Senton  (DevonX  Stat.,  152]  m. 
IVom  London,  L.  4  8.  W.  Ely.,  and 
5  m,  from  Seetoa  June  Stat,,  close 
to  which  is  seen  the  gatehouse  of 
Sbule,  UD  interesting  Tudor  luin,  em. 
boveicd  among  tiecB.  The  maDaion 
was  the  anoient  seat  o(  the  Bonrilles, 
and  has  been  occupied  b;  the  De  la 
Pole  tiuuilj  since  the  reign  of  Queen 
Mary.  The  small  watering-place  of 
Seatim  (Jnn< :  Clarence ;  Pole  Arme  ; 
Ooldeti  Lion)  ie  boautifully  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  valley  of  the  Aie. 
The  cUDb  are  remarkable  for  their 
oolonriog:  on  the  W.,  White  Clif 
(chalk),  and  on  the  K,  Uaven  Cliff, 
red  aandstone  surmounted  by  chalk. 
At  the  B.  end  of  the  latter  is  a  ferry 
to  a  road  tunning  to  Axmmdh,  1  m., 
aad  to  B  diminutive  quay  and  pier. 
Axmouih  is  situated  under  Maisks- 
domn,  a  lofty  hill,  crowned  hy  an  an- 
cient camp.  About  J  m.  from  here, 
and  the  same  distance  from  the  ferry 


ISth-cent.  manor-houfe.  In 
domestic  chapel  (1425)  are  an   eli 
borate  screen  and  piscina.    It  is 
delightful  walk  ftom  Seatoo  to  Siii 
vwulh  across  White  Cliff,  thance  by 
path  to  Beer,  1)  m.,  a  moat' romantic 
flshing-iillage,  which  will  charm  tli 
Tisitor.     Mnch   ''Honilon"  lace   i 
made  here.    The  view  from  Betr  Head 
is  one  of  the  flnest  on  the  8.  coas 
and  a  sunset  here  will  never  be  fo 
gotten.    The  cliffs  at  this  point  ai 
pierced  by  some  of  the  most  pioti 
reaque    caverns    imaginable.      Froi_ 
the  viUf^e  viiit  the  celebrated  Beer 
Quarry,  1  m,  (a  diont  at  tho  entrance 


will  generally  hring  a  quailyman,  who 
will  act  as  guide).  A  path  leads  front 
the  qnarry  over  the  fields  to  Srant- 
coinbe  Mottth,  n  highly  pictureaqne 
spot  The  manufacture  of  "  Honiton," 
or  pillow  lace,  is  busily  pnrsaed  in  tlie 
village.  From  here  walk  along  the 
cliffs  to  Wnton  Month.  3  m.,  and,  I J  m. 
beyond,  to  Sakombe,  the  SaU  Vale; 
tlience,  doasing  Salconibe  Doicn.  de- 
scend 2  m.  to  the  beautiful  vale  of 
Sidmotiih  (tee).  A  pleasant  walk  itf 
2  m.  along  the  clifi^or  a  drive  tbronfi^ 
Botad™,  the  property  of  Sir  H.  Peek, 
Bt.,  will  bring  tba  tourist  to  the  i»- 
mooi  landslip  which  occurred  in  1S39 
'"oe  Lyme). 

8BAT0N  Oarbw,  aee  Hartlepool, 

Sedbeboh,  aee  NoH^aUertoa. 

BEnoEFTELD,  See  Bp-  'lucUond  and 
Dartingtim. 

Sedlescoube,  see  Haatingi. 

Aelbonie(HBnts)is6  m.  S.E. 
of  Alton  (stat.),  or  1  m.  by  field  patha. 
iiin:  Queen's  Arms,  small.  Tho 
house  of  the  Kev.  Gilbert  White. 
whose  charming  '  Natural  History  of 
Selbome '  alone  has  given  celebrity  to 
this  village,  now  belongs  to  Thos.  Bell, 
Esq,,  late  Pros.  Tiinnmnn  Soc  It  is 
not  shown. 

meUtj  (Yorks.>-8tat,,  N.  B.  Bly. 
— about  midway  between  York  and 
Doncaaier,  and  1  hr.  by  rail  bom 
Hull  and  Leeds.  Inn .-  Londesborongh 
Arms.  The  beautiful  Abbey  Ch.  is 
the  most  perfect  monastic  ch.  remain- 
ing in  the  county.  It  comprises  nave, 
choir,  Lady-chapel,  cential  tower,  and 
a  N.  transept,  witli  eastern  aisle.  The 
Nave  has  been  restored  under  the  care 
of  Sir  G.  G.  Scott.  The  ceiling  of  it 
is  temp.  Hen.  VII.,  with  very  Kood 
carved  bosses.  A  rich  stone  altar- 
screen  (Dec.)  divides  the  choir  from 
the  lAdy-<!hapel,  wliich  deserves  spe- 
cial notice.  A  visit  should  be  ftdiia 
BraytonCh.,linLS.;  theNorm.work 
of  it  is  venr  rich.  A  steamer  pliw 
between  8elby,  Goole,  and  Hull. 
Sei-sbt,  see  ChickaitfT, 
Sephton,  see  Orvukirk, 
Hettle  (Yorks.).  New  Stat  to 
Carlisle,  Midi  Ely.,  vM  Applebj^ 
Luu:  'Lion;  New  Inn.  A  amul 
martet-town,  in  the  vale  of  the  RibUe, 


SETTLE—SEVESOAES. 


391 


BonoDDiled  by  vild  but  most  iate- 
Teating  ooantij.  It  ooataiiu  m&ny 
I7tii-ceiit  hoosea,  one  effl)ecia]l7  irorth 
notice,  called  "  Folly  Hall,"olose  under 
CaaOxberg,  e.  limestone  preciinoe  300  ft. 
high  at  die  back  of  the  " 


B  the  ri 


B  tbe 


Inothei  Gh.,  in  which  the  pulpit  and 
leading-desk  are  interesting.  Near 
the  ch.  is  tbe  well-known  Ommmar 
School,  whore  Paley  and  other  di»- 
tingnithed  «oholitT«  were  educated, 
la  the  Xiutum  (to  be  seen  on  appli- 
ctttioo)  attached  to  the  Mbool  is  a 
large  collection  of  relics  f^m  the  Vic- 
toria Cave  ipoii).  At  the  foot  of 
Giggleswicfc  Scar  is  an  Abing-and- 
floaing  u«2I.  Attermyre  Clifft,  2  m. 
E.,  well  deserve  a  yisit;  thence  the 
tourist  should  proceed,  3  m.  further, 
to  the  top  of  the  Sye-haf  (1734  ft.). 
To  the  geologist,  tbe  most  interesting 
place  to  visit  from  Settle  will  be  the 
ViBtoTia  Cave,  li  m.  N.E.  (read  Boyd 
Dawblna,  in  '  tuomiltan's  Magazine  ' 
for  September,  1875  — "  Cave-hnnt- 
ii^").  Exairtione  should  also  be 
vmie  to  Oreai  Siain/ortk,  where  there 
is  a  picturesque  waterfall,  through 
JjangcIifTe  (S  m.  there  and  back);  to 
Malham  Cove  and  Gordale(see  Bleip- 
ton),  returning  through  Attermyre, 
14  m.  the  round;  to  Hortoa  (Stet.), 
6tn.(i»n.-  Goldealdon)— visit  the  eft, 
here,  and  ascend Penyghent (2231  ft.); 
to  Clapham,  with  its  pictaresqae  sce- 
nery and  its  cave,  6^  m.  bom  Settle, 
Tbe  train  niay  be  taken  one  way. 
Close  to  the  station  is  the  S'lring 
Borseehoe  Trni,  oomtbrtable ;  and  in 
the  villi^,  1  m.  distknt,  Is  the  New 
T"",  comfortable,  and  iaoderate  in 
obarges,  where  the  guide  to  the  fa- 
mous dofAunt  or  Ingleborougk  Cave 
may  be  heard  of.  InnUboroagh  IliU 
(2361  ft.)  may  be  Bscendod  with  ponies. 
The  smnmit  cotnmandB  a  moat  mag- 
niflcent  view,  and  on  the  limestone 
Blopea  may  be  found  some  rare  ferns. 
From  Olapham,  Jnglelon  SUU.  is  H  m. 
distant.  The  village  is  most  pictu- 
resquely pisoed,  and  a  new  Inn,  tbe 
lugleborough  Hotel,  baa  been  op^ed 
for  the  accommodation  of  tourists. 
About  10  m.  8.  is  eiibume  (Jnn: 
Bibbteodale  Aims),  near  wbioh,  on 


the  opposite  side  of  the  Bibbls,  aro 
Bolton  Park  and  Sawley  Abbey  (see 
aaiieroe). 

^veooolu  (Kent),  SUte.. 
S.  G,  Bly.  (22  m.  ttom  London)  and 
L.  C.  A  D.  Bly.  (25{  m.).  Iitiu; 
Royal  Crown ;  Itoyal  Oak.  This  town 
stands  pleasantly  on  high  ground,  in 
the  midst  of  fine  and  yaried  scenetjr, 
and  is  a  centre  from  wbioh  very  inte- 
resting exoureioDS  may  be  nuide. 
"'^e  great  lion  of  Sevenoaks,  and 
if  the  most  interesting  places  in 
Kent,  is  KnoU  (Hon.  Hortmicr  Seck- 
ville  West),  the  park-gates  of  which 
are  opposite  the  ch.  E.  A  drive  of 
about  i  m.,  through  groves  of  noble 
trees,  leads  to  the  house,  which  is  now 
open  to  the  pnblio  only  upon  appli- 
cation by  letter.  From  Uie  alinost 
unaltered  character  of  its  fittings  and 
decorations,  Knole  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  baronial  mansions  in  Eng- 
land. The  furuiture  throughout  dates 
fhnn  the  reigns  of  James  Land  Cbas.  I. 
Aboat  17  rooms  are  shown.  They 
oontain  a  large  number  of  histocicid 
portraits.  The  family  inhabit  a  mo- 
dernised suite  of  apartments  in  the 
W,  front,  which  are  not  shown.  The 
Park,  always  open  to  the  public, 
contains  1000  acres,  and  is  3  m,  in 
il.  The  ground  is  well  varied, 
nany  of  the  trees  are  of  great  age 
dze,  especially  2  on  tbe  N.B,  side 
of  the  house,  one  of  them  known  as 
the  Monarch  Beech," 
Almost  adjoining  the  park  of  Knole, 
I.,  is  TFtUcTnesM  (Uuquis  Camden, 

Sed  by  Sir   0.  tt  Mills,  Bt, 
The  park  is  floe,  and  frran  a 
ill  on  the  S.  side  a  noble  view  is 


The  tourist  should  visit  IdehOl, 
4  m,  W.,  stopping  en  route  at  BaHe^g 
Hill,  BrocttUv  aloaal,  and  Hangvag 
Bank,  from  iniich  3  ptnnts  extensive 
views  are  obtained  of  the  Wealden 
oonntry.  From  Hanging  Bank,  Leith 
Will,  in  Surrey,  comes  into  view,  and 
forms  a  beautiful  line  of  horizon. 
The  scenery  at  Rivtrkill,  2  m.  S.E., 
Fawke  Common,  Carter's  Hill,  and 
the  "  Rocks,"  is  also  magniflcent. 

Cheeening  (Earl  Stanhope),  4  m. 
N.W.  of  Sevenoaka,  ia  foil  of  interest. 


892 


SETENOAKa—SHEBBNBBS. 


as  well  for  its  own  beauty  as  fot  the 
liiatoricat  aaaociationB  ooonected  Kith 
its  ownerB.  In  tlie  grouods  ii  i 
Uko,  enrroundod  by  noble  trees.  A 
toed  mads  np  the  combe  at  the  book  of 
the  house,  crowned  with  noble  woods 
of  beech  and  yew,  termiuating  vith 
the  &r  seen  "Knockhoit  Beeches" 
<seo    Chidehar^').      From    the   hill- 


»f  of  B 


Banded. 

Chevening  Chvrch  contune  moi 
ments   to  ue  great  Loid   Staiih(    . 
aiid  to  Lady  Frederioa  Stanhope,  by 
Choutrey,   Here  is  buried  the  historian 
Lord  Stanhope^  who  d.  1876. 

An  interesting  archteological  ex- 
camoQ  may  be  made  to  Ightham  and 
WroOtam,  reluming  by  Flaxtol  and 
The  Mote.  A  shorter  eicureioD  may 
be  made  by  woceedtng  at  once  from 
Ightham  to  The  Mote,  und  thence  re- 
turning to  Berenoaha.  Contintuiig 
the  longer  excursion,  Wrolham  Church 
will  be  reached,  WTOlham  Hill,  I  m. 
beyond  the  lilleige,  commands  a  su- 

rb  view.  The  toiuist  wUl  now  turn 
to  FUastol,  1  m.  N.E.  of  which  is 
Soar  Place,  where  is  an  early  Dec. 
house,  date  cdroa  1300,  well  desemng 
a  Tiait  (inquire  for  "Old  Shore 
Farm). 

1  m.  W.  of  Plaitol  Ch.  lies  The 
Mote  (Mrs.  Luard-Selby).  The  house, 
which  ia  not  now  shown,  is  of  very 
great  interest,  being  a  well-picBerved 
specimen  of  the  ancient  moated 
"  manor."  The  plan  is  a  quadrangle, 
the  wsJlsof  which  rise  at  once  from  the 
water.  It  is  of  tliree  distinct  periods, 
the  earliest  of  the  time  of  Ednud  IIL, 
the  last  being  temp.  Hen.  VIIL 

TfeeferAom,  6i  m.  W.,  may  be  visited 
from  Sevenoaks  (Inn :  King's  Arms). 


The  view  from  (he  E.  side  of  the  cb.- 
vd.  should  not  be  missed.  There  is  a 
DeautiM  park  here,  finely  timbered, 
called  Sguerries,  the  seat  of  C.  Warde, 
Esq. ;  it  is  opea  to  the  public  Tlie 
road  through  it  leada  to  Cicckham 
HiU  and  Edenbridge  Stat. 

AboQt  S  m.  from  Sevenoaks,  on  the 
toad  to  Westerham,  is  ChipsUad  Place 
(late  Sir  Morion  Feto,  BatL).    It  con- 


S.  of  Bemley  Slat.,  I 
Grosrenor  Arms ;  King's  Arms.  Thia 
town  is  situated  on  a  hill,  below  which 
the  pioturesqne  and  futile  Vaie  cf 
Blackmore  strelohe*  awa^r  in  every 
direction.  It  has  a  traditional  claim 
to  be  one  of  the  oldest  (owns  in  Kag- 
land.  It  is  certain  that  a  unuoery 
was  founded  here  in  S80  by  Alfred,  of 
which  his  daughter  Blgiva  was  the 
first  abbess. 

The  entrance  to  the  Park  Walk,  aa 
called  from  the  Abbey  I^tk,  is  doeo 
to  the  Giesvenor  Arms.  At  the  EL 
end  are  some  remaans  of  the  abbey 
wall. 

The  CattU  SiU  is  the  W.  end  of 
the  ridge,  and  comiaaads  a  most  ex- 
tenaive  and  beautifol  landscape. 

1     m.    N.W.    is   Mol/>ottAe    Eotue 
(Marchioness  of  Westminster),  a  plain 
modem  mansion. 
Sbatide  Cbaos,  see  Bdtay, 
ShaLSon,  see  Teigammith. 
Sealflebt,  see  Wight,  lelt  of. 
Shadklih,  see  Wight,  Ide  of. 
Sbat,  see  Fenrifh. 
Shahnbiume,  see  Bedford. 
Sb&ugb  FmoB,  see  FlymouA. 
SaBBPBHKAB,  see  Lottghbaromh. 
Staei^megs  (Kent),  stat,  L.  C. 
&    D.    Rly.     Inne:   Fouotain,    Blue 
Toum  ;  Bojol  Hotel,  and  Wellington, 
Mik  Town  ;  Boyal  Hotel,  Banlit  Toum. 
This  is  now  a  considerable  town  and 
naval  station,  with  4  main  divisions, 
known    as   Bine  Town  (within    Uie 
limits  of  the  garrison);  Mile  Town 
(beyond  the  fortifications  to  the  N.E.) ; 
Banks  Town;   and  Marina.     These 
last,  the  newest  quarters,  stretch  along 
the  N.  sbtoe,  opposite  the  oyster-beds, 
attd   here  are  the   best   houses  and 
hotels. 

The  Docii  and  Oarrimn  occupy  the 
N.W,  point  of  the  Isle  of  Sheppey — a 
poaitioa  of  extreme  importance,  siuce 
it  commands  the  entnnoes  of  both 
the  Thames  and  the  Medway.  Hie 
fortifications  me  formidable. 
The  ~    " 


8EEEBNE88— SHEFFIELD. 


lAtel;  Laa  been  established  here  a 
new  route  to  the  Continent  nid  Flueh- 
in^,  by  tlie  Rojal  KetherlandB  SteelU' 
ship  Company.  These  fine  steomeis 
of  1700  tone,  wMch  ate  fitted  up  in  b. 
magnificent  manner,  with  150  sleep- 
ing-berths, handeome  ealooiia,  Ac., 
pCTfonn  the  Yoyage  in  about  9  hre., 
and  travelling  by  tliia  tine  lednces 
the  dietance  conajdeniblv  to  Berlin, 
Hambnrg,  and  the  North  of  Europe 
generally. 

The  "  Great  Eaitem,"  when  at  home, 
has    her   moorings    near    the    pier. 
Steamers   plying    between   Sheemess 
and  Strood  take  on  board  persona 
Birons  of  seeing  ovet  the  ship. 

The  bU  of  Grain  is  best  Tiaited  by 
boat  from  SLeemess,  from  which  it  is 
distant  I  j  m. ;  but  the  p&ss^e  is  not 
always  to  be  aocomplished  without 
some  difBcnlty,  owing  to  tbe  strength 
of  the  current.  On  tlie  island  are 
extenaiye  forta,  guarding  the  approach 
to  the  Uedway,  with  a  complement  of 
7  officers,  240  men,  and  18  guns. 

The  walk  from  Bbeemeag  to  Mimter 
(3  m.)  ia  to  be  recommended  for  the 
sake  of  the  fine  and  striking  view 
from  the  eit&.  la  front  is  the  Thames 
with  its  myriad  vessels ;  Sheemesa 
spreads  out  below ;  and  landward 
tenda  a  wide  sweep  of  rich  com  i 
pastare  land,  through  which  winds 
the  Medway. 

Minater  was  the  fate  of  a  nnnnery 
fonnded  about  673.  Of  the  courentnal 
buildings,  only  the  gatehouse,  of  late 
chanicMr,  remains ;  it  has  suflered 
muoh  in  its  adaptation  aa  a  modem 
dwelling.  The  existing  CAurcft  stands 
on  a  wooded  biil,  and  is  a  conspicuous 
object  for  miles  around. 

At  Eattchardi,  2  m.  E.  of  Minsler, 
is  a. fine  Petp.  oh.,  huilt,oirc  1150,  by 
the  abbey  of  Boxley,  near  Maidstone. 
HIietHeld  (8.  Div.  of  W.  Biding 
of  Yorkah.),  nearly  equidistant  from 
Lirerpool  emd  Hull  (afeut  75  m.),  and 
from  Leeds  and  Nottin^liam  (about 
40  m.).  Covers  lower  declivities  at 
foot  of  several  valleys  converging  at 
the  point  of  confluence  of  the  rivers 
Don  and  Sheaf,  whence  the  name 
&he(a)f-field.  Pop.  239,941,  Two  rail- 
way stationi,  about  i  m.  apart:  (1) 


Victoria  (I62J  m.  from  London  by 
a.  N.  Bly.).  Good  buffet.  Stat,  for 
Manch.eheO'.&Linc.Bly.:  Q.N.,aud 
Lane,  lb  Yorks.  Rlys. ;  Huddersfleld  and 
Bamsley  by  Peniatoue  (picturesque 
route) ;  liotherham  and  Doncaster. 
(2)  Midland  (ISS}  m.  from  London). 
Good  buffet  and  dining-rooms  of 
Spiers  and  Fond.  Stat  for  Midi.,  and 
L.  &  Y.  Blys.;  Rotherham  (hourly) ; 
and  Doncaster.  Jnru:  'Victoria  H., 
covered  way  fiom  Victoria  Stat. ; 
Whamcliffe  K,  King-street  Com- 
mercial or  2nd  class  hotels  centrally 
situated:  Angel, Angel-street;  King's 
Head,  Change-alley;  Eoyal,  Wain- 
gate;  Black  Swan,  Snig-hill.  Foit- 
ojiee,  central,  in  Old  I&iyinarket;  5 
mails  daily  to  London,  latest  10.30  p.h. 
Public  Buildinga  and  MonMmtnU. 
Very  fbw  worth  cotiee.  Cutfere"  HaU, 
Church-street,  oootftins  a  large  banquet- 
ing-room  (few  portraits),  in  which  the 
well-known  "'Cutlers'  feast"  is  held 
aonnall;  in  Sept.  (Sheffield  Cntlers' 
Co.  incorporated  1G24).  The  only  im- 
portant Ainction  of  the  company  is 
granting  and  protecting  trade  marks. 
Of  the  Manor  Soute  (get  order  to  view, 
at  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  estate  office 
in  the  town,  and  then  take  cab), 
formerly  appendant  to  Sheffield  Cadle, 
there  remains  a  fragment  (Tudor), 
interesting  as  having  been  occasionally 
occupied  by  Mary  Queen  of  Bcola 
during  her  12  years'  oaptivih  in 
Sheffield (1571-1583).  "QueenMary's 
Chamber  "has  been  recently  restored 
hy  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  owner  of 
nearly  one-half  of  the  t«wn.  The 
ceiling  is  curiously  ornamented  with 
"-  le-lia,  arabesques,  and  heraldic 
H  of  the  TaHxit  family.  Good 
of  E,  and  S.E.  Sheffield  from 
roof.  In  Barker  Fool  is  the  Alhert 
Hall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  15,0001.  In 
the  High-street  la  a  grimy  statue  of 
Ebeneier  Elliott,  "Corn -Law  Rhymer" 
(1781-1849),  bom  at  Maeborough ;  and 
in  the  Cenietary  a  bronze  stated  by 
John  Bell,  of  the  poet  James  Mont- 
gomery (born  1792),  whose  memory 
Byron  perpetuates.  Chantreu,  the 
sculptor,  was  bom  (1781)  at  Nort 


Of  the  CfturcAM,  SI.  PeUT\  better 


known  as  the  "Old  Ck,"  or  "Patiah 
Cb.,"  IB  the  only  one  of  interest  At 
B.&.  comer  of  chancel  ia  a  mortoarj 
ohapel  of  the  Talbots,  Earla  of  Bhreira- 
bnry.  and  Lords  (15th  and  16th  cent.) 
of  me  Manor,  or  Liberty,  of  Ballam- 
nbire,  oontaining  an  lUtar-tomb  with 
marble  effigies  of  the  4th  earl  luld  tro 
oonntesKB.  For  admiadon  on  week 
days,  apply 
vicarage  —  ' 
oh.-y' 


n  St.  JameeViow,  W.  of  the 


JSotto,— Corporation  Baths  {Id.  to 
6iJ.),  N.  side  of  Boroush  Bridge; 
Tukish  baths,  1S9  Norfolk-etreet  (Gd. 
to  2>.  6d.)l  Pablio  Batbs  Co.  (good 
warm  baths),    Batli-bnUdiags,  W«et- 

Free  Library,  Bnrrey-strcet,  open 
dsoly  from  10  a.m.  to  9.80  p.m.  ;  37,06* 
vols,  in  1S73.  Good  reading-rooms  and 
free  access  to  local  histories,  &c,  (see 
pod). 

Mtuemn,  small,  chieQ;  geological 
and  ethnogtat>hical,  of  Lit.  aad  Fliilos. 
Soc.  Admission  by  member's  order. 
Apply  to  Ourator  at  ofBce  in  School 
of  Art,  Amndel-Btreet,  which  is  abo 
worth  inspection  as  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  ancccBsfdl  profincia]  Sobools 
of  Ari. 

Club,  Norfolk-street;  Tisilon  intro- 
dnced  by  a  member  are  free  of  the 
CInb  (Ist  class  provincial)  for  3  months. 

The   Firth  Pari:,  the  free  gift  of 
Maik  Firth,  Esq.,  to  the  Corporata* 
a  portion  of  the  Fs^  Hall  Bstale,  n 
opened  by  the  Prince  and  Princess  of 
Wales  OB  the  lOthof  Aug.,  187fl. 

JKonu/odures  — the  onlf  rati  at- 
traction which  Sheffield  can  be  sM  to 
offer  to  the  stranger.  For  best  speci- 
mens of  eatbry,  visit  Joseph  ^Sodfrerc  (t 
8on'»  ^UMMHiom  (and  adjacent  manu- 
Rictorv).Noifolk-atieet  SSvtr-plaling, 
an  old  Sheffleld  trade,  is  now  whidfy 
performed  by  the  elecbo  prooecaei 
which  are  extensively  carried  on  in 
connection  uanally  with  the  manu- 
factore  of  NietteUiilveT,  or  Qeniian- 
silver  (a  componnd  of  nickel,  copper, 
and  zinc),  and  Britamiia-melal  (block- 
tin,  antfmony,  biamnth,  and  copper). 
The  feotory  of  Mntn.  Jama  ifixon 
A  Son*,  Comish-place,  is  well  worth 
visitii^.    FiU-eutting  may  he  seen  at 


Moat.  Tmton  &  Soni,  Bheaf  Works: 
T.  Pirft  4  Sow,  Norfolk  Wirfa ;  and 
at  JHenrs.  J.  B.  ^xmxr  dt  Son,  Albion 
Steel  Works.  The  best  files  ate  made 
by  hand  with  hammer  and  chiael ;  the 
manipnlatton  of  the  finer  descriptiras, 
e.g.,  those  used  in  dental  surgery,  is 
wonderfully  dextetons.  These  older 
trades  have,  however,  during  the  past 
years,  become  almost  secondary  in 
nparison  with  the  heavy  iron  and 
el  msnufactnres.  The  principd 
places  for  these  are  at  K  end  of  town, 
along  the  railways — Sir  J.  Brmnn  it  Co. 
(Limited),  the  Atlag  Wor^,  covering  25 
acres :  Cbarlet  Cammett  &  Co.  (Limited), 
Gydopi  Worki,  at  both  of  which  may 
be  seen  the  mannfactnre  of  armonr- 

Slates,  These  2  companies,  and  also 
fe$trt,  Broum,  Bayleji  &  Dixon,  of 
Atteroliffe  Steel  ana  Iron  Works,  have 
hroaght  to  great  perfection  the  Btt- 
ssmer  proetes  of  making  steel  from 
in  one  operation.  The  crads 
is  in  20  minntea  converted  into 
tongheat  steel  by  air  forced  throng 
molten  iron  in  a  hnge  caldron,  eU- 
minaticg  all  impnritUs  of  the  inm, 
which  is  carbonised  by  the  introdnotion 
of  ipiegeUiiaa,  a  Glerman  iron  onntaiD- 
ing  the  percentage  of  carbon  Decenary 
to  convert  the  inm  into  steel,  iUt*r$. 
Firth  4  Som,  Norfolk  Worka,  also 
mannfaotnre  the  Inner  steel  tnbes  for 
the  heaviest  caanou,  steel  shot,  shelly 
and  rifle-harrels,  as  well  as  cmcible 
steel  castinp  for  heavy  forgings. 
The  steel  of  GWolfs  world-rf ' 


Wm.  Jettop  &  SoM,  Brightidde  (sta- 
tion on  railway),  whose  works  are 
well  worth  a  visit,  as  also  are  Uioae  of 
Jlf«sfr*.  Vidi«r$,  Sotu  &  Oo.  (Limited), 
'"  ightaide,  maken  of  tyres  fbr  kiao- 


Brid 


ives,  ftc.    Sawi,  tools,  and  Blea  in 
it  variety  are  nAnnfootnred  at  tba 


great  w  ___     

wcarks  of  Mtttrt.  Epear  ±  Jadltam, 
Bavile-street ;  and  at  JVewrt.  CbcW 
Bto».,  Nnrsery-street,  hair^dnga  fof 
watches  are  drawn  so  fine  that 
5000  gross  go  to  the  pound.  Tb» 
more  primitive  methods  of  grinding 
by  water-power  are  still  praotiaed  £ 
small  mills,  or  "wheels,"  as  thej 
are  commonly  called,  pietnresqnely 
situated,  and  well  worth  looking  int^ 


SHEFFIELD. 


upcm  the  riiera  Porter,  Bivelin,  and 

liOxley  (tribnhirieB  of  the  Don),  wbfoh 
take  their  Bources  on  the  moon  a  few 
miles  W.  of  the  town. 

Envirom. — Chief  residential  sub- 
vrht,  FUmwor  (N.);  Endd^fe  (W.); 
Shamvi  (S.W.);  Ecdaall  (H  m. 
S.W.);  and  Worton  (4  m.  B.).  Ont- 
Iring  plaocd  beat  worth  visiting :  Aibey- 
dale  (3-6  to.),  Midi.  Blv.  to  Beau- 
chieff  or  Totley  Slat.  Well  wooded 
valle;;  exoelleat  tend  to  Owler  Bar 
<Peacook  Inn,  fair).  JiAqpton  (11  ta.\ 
hamlet  on  Olossop-road ;  fine  moor- 
land soenery ;  tolerable  inn,  wliere  a«k 
^oateake.  ti(a«I(n(i(12m.  via  Abbey- 
dale  and  Owler  Bar),  Pretty  Tillage 
oa  rlTer  Derwent  near  Chatsworth 
(see  pori).  Peacock  Inn.  very  re- 
spectable and  good.  Beauehieff  (S  m.), 
Stat  on  Midi.  Bly.  Small  chapel  of 
old  abbey.  (See  AfibeydaU  sbove.) 
Bdl  Eagg  (3  m.).  inn  on  Qlowop-road 
at  entrance  to  Eivttin  (^uue,  the  pic- 
tnresqua  valley  of  river  Bivelin — on 
which  are  several  water-power  grind- 
ing wheels,  or  workshops. 

BrtK^fietd  (7  m.),  nnigh  village  in 
a  mgged  oountry.  Large  regervoire 
(locally  termed  "dams")  of  Sheffield 
Water  Co.,  the  Agden,  Dam  Mask, 
and  Dole  Dyke,  last  named  of  which 
burst  its  embankment,  in  1S64,  causitig 
a  great  flood,  in  which  350  persona  were 
drowned,  and  property  vaa  destroyed 
to  the  value  of  SOO.OOOi. 

^CastUlon  (see),  16  m.  Bnral  om- 
nibnsthriceweekly  from  Cntlera' Arms, 
Mew  Ohnrch-rtreet  Fine  walk  via 
Eoclesall,  Eathersoge,  and  Hope,  and 
over  6  or  7  m.  of  moorland  to  a  height 
of  some  1200  It. 

t  ChattmorOi  (see).  The  "  Palace  of 
the  Peak."  Mansion  (Italian)  and 
piirk  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  Stat, 
at  Boweley  on  Midi.  Bly.,  otpedeBtrians 
may  leave  the  railway  at  Totley  Stat. 
and  walk  (abont  8  m.)  vfa  Owler  Bar 
and  Bosbw  over  a  fine  open 


Good  hotel  at  ^Edmtor  (see),  mold 
Tillage  adjacmt  toChatsworth  ^tk; 
aDdatBaslow(ieeanI«.).  This  is  pro- 
bably the  be«t  ezcwsioD  from  Bheffleld, 
there  hdng  few  as  betuitifnl  landscapes 
in  England  as  that  of  the  park  and 
Eurronnding  country.  Fine  scnlptnre 
and  pictnre  galleries,  and  state  apart- 
ments. Clas^e  aa  at  St.  Clond,  great 
fonntaini  and  cnrioos  artiScial  walor- 
worka.  Grand  conservatory  designed 
by  Sir  J.  Faiton. 

Dmwn((12m.).  SoUtary  villageon 
river  Derwent  View  from  Black  Tor 
(1773  ft).  Dronjldd  (6  m.),  Stat. 
on  Midi  Rlj.  Large  mannlootnring 
village;  extendTe  smelting-fDmaceB, 
Samea  and  lurid  glare  of  which  are 
seen  nt  night  for  miles  round.  Old 
Church.  Rwlst/ielil  (6  m.);  nails  made 
hero.  Bemorkably  flue  Tillage  Ch. ; 
some  painted  windows  and  inferest- 
ing  monumentB.  Byam,  12  m.  (see), 
via  Foilumte  Jnn  (8  m.).  Old  and 
mnob  lieqnented  resort  in  Derbyahire. 
Usual  Derbyshire  &re  of  hEun,eggB,&c. 
Notice  carved  oak  cabinet  and  other 
oldfamitnre.    Near  here  iaXongiAaw, 


back  to  Sheffield  (shout  6  m.  to  Totley 
Stat,  on  Midi.  Bly.)  vU  FroggaU  Edge 
and  Owlet  Bar,  Olonop(2iox.\  Pine 
country  and  good  road  &om  SbefBeld 
over  moors  (1200  ft.),  and  close  to  "  The 
Peak"  (see  jmsO-  Three  tolerable 
roadside  inns,  tiz.,  Ladybtneer,  AAop- 
Um,  and  SnoAe  (about  1200  ft).  Ee- 
torii  by  Man.  SUeff.  &  Lino.  Bly. 

Haddon  HaU  (16  m.  by  roedX  Bake- 
well  Stsl  on  Midi.  Bly.  (41  m.  ftom 
Sheffield).  (See  Bal-ewell.)  ^Sather- 
aage  (10  m.).  Large  village  on  river 
Derwent  (troutand  grayling  abundant, 
flsliing  BtricUv  preaorved)  in  one  of  the 
prettiest  Deriiyshire  valleys.  Needle 
manufactoriea.  Interesting  old  chorch. 
See  graTe  of  "Little  John"  in  ch.-yard. 
For  pedestrians  from  ShefBeld,  the  best 
way  is  by  RingingUns  fsee  port),  be- 
tween which  place  and  Hatheraage 
there  is  fine  moorland  acenery.  Lady- 
boaer  Jnn  (9  m.),  clean  and  homely. 
Good  walk  by  Gloseop-road  through 
Bivelin  Chase  nnd  Moscar  Bar.  Be- 
tum(Ilm.)hy  Btanage  and  Bedmires, 


SEEFWIELDSSBFFOBD. 


with  guide  to  latter  place,  or  ordnam 
map  and  good  dafligbt. 

Peak.  The  "High  Peak  "ie  a  di 
trict,  or  hundred,  of  the  N.  dtviuon  of 
Dorbyshire ;  but "  The  Peak  "  is  a  leno 
also  commonly  applied  to  Beveral 
ridges  of  rug;i;ed  hilla  of  conaider- 
abiB  altitude,  Kinderaoout,  the  highoet, 
beiag  1931  ft.,  eDcloaiog  an  ineguhti 
enampy  table  laud,  one  of  the  wildest 
and  most  desolate  spots  in  England. 

ItedmiTtt  (6  m.).  Here  on  the  moors 
aro  3  large  reservoirs  of  the  ShefBeld 
Watut  Co.,  together  coveting  ahout 
100  acres.  Inn:  Gtouse  and  Tiout, 
pretty  fair. 

liingintilotB  (€  m.),  hamlet  and  Inn 
(fair),  on  old  moorland  road  via 
Eccleaoll  and  Bent's  Green  to  Hatlier- 
sage,  actoHS  the  "  Backbone  "  of  Eng- 
land, once  the  old  coach  load  between 
Sheffield,  Manohester,  and  Liverpool. 
DifBcalt  to  follow  wiDiont  gnide  or 
ordoance  map.  There  is  a  pleasant 
foot-walk  to  Binginglow  throngh  End- 
cliffe  and  Whitney  Wooda.  where  may 
be  seen  aeveial  of  the  ruraj  workshops 
mentioned  above  (see  MamifaetitTei). 
Sotherkam,  6  m.  (see).  The  whole 
plaid  between  Rotherham  and  Sheffield 
la  now  nearly  covered  with  manu- 
factories and  collieries.  Boche  Abbey, 
8  m.  S.E.  (see  Rotherkam).  Proceed 
to  Bothcrham  by  rail,  thenoe  drive  or 
walk  through  Maltby  (fair  inn).  Euins 
of  Ciatctcian  Abbey  (12th  cent.). 
SiainJnv  (see  Bamtley),  Stanage  Pde 
(8  m.),  A  faTourile  goal  lo  local 
j>cdcstrians,  and  well  worth  visiting. 
Tf^e  a  cab  lo  Crosspool,  thence  walk. 
A  pole  and  stones  bearing  many  old 
dates,  on  ridge  It  m.  above  Bedmirea 
(inn),  mark  the  boundary  between  the 
provinces  of  York  and  Canterbury, 
and  thejnnotionof  theSlargepariahea 
of  ShefBeld,  Eocleafield,  and  Hather- 
sage.  Splendid  view  of  the  Peak  Hills 
aa  far  Bs  Mam  Tor  at  Castleton. 
StaveUy  (see  CheiUrlield),  Stat,  on 
Eckington  and  Masbro'  Rly.  ftom 
Uidl.Stat.,SheffleId.  Wentvior&Souie, 
seat  of  Earl  Fitznitliam,  one  of  the 
finest  connty  mansions  in  the  West 
Biding,  contains  fine  paintings  by  old 
masters,  inoludiog  some  of  Ine  finest 
and    most   intereatlng   Vandyoks  in 


England,  and  aoEne  good   aenlptnre. 

Extensive  park  and  stables.  Inspect 
family  mausolenm,  containing  monu- 
ment of  Hookingham,  also  Keppel's 
column.  Proceed  to  Botherbain  by 
rail,  thence  5  m.  walk  vitl  Grecw* 
borough,  or,  better  still,  drive  direct 
from  t^heflSeld. 

iWiamdife  (5  to  8  m.\  Fine 
woods;  the  traditionary  haunt  of  the 
famoos  "  Dragon  of  Wantley,"  impress 
of  whose  talons  is  shown  upon  the 
Whamcliffe  craga,  whioh  here  form  a 
beautiful  cliff  of  some  length  in  the 
highest  port  of  the  woods.  This  ia 
one  of  the  most  favourite  resorla  near 
Sheffield,  being  conveniently  situated 
on  the  Manchester  A  ShefBeld  Ely.  be- 
tween etalions  of  Oughtibridge  (5  ta.\ 
ond  ]Vort%,fairinnC10m.).  WortUy 
HaU  is  the  seat  of  Lord  Whamcliffe. 

Books  of  Beference.—'  White's  Shef- 
field Directory;'  'Hunter's  Hiftorv  of 
Hallamshire,'  folio  ed.  1869,  bv  'Dr. 
Oatty  (may  be  seen  at  Free  Library, 
Sheffield);  'Sheffield  Past  and  Present,' 
by  Bev.  A.  Gatty,  D.D.  (10s.  M.); 
'Murray's  Handbooks  to  Yorkshire 
and  Derbyshire;'  'Rhodes'a  Pe«k 
Scenery  (for  Derbyshire  Environs),' 

fltbett'ord  (Beds.),  Stat,  Mid- 
land Hly.  Jnn:  While  Hart,  Where 
carriages  may  be  hired.  This  is  a 
small  market  town,  lying  in  the  val- 
ley of  a  feeder  of  the  Ivel  river.  A 
"  straw-plait  market "  is  held  in  the 
streets  on  Fridays. 

The  Ch.  of  Clifton,  1)  m.  rt.,  will 
repay  a  visit.  It  ia  of  Perp.  and  Dec. 
character,  and  was  restored  and  en- 
larged in  1862.  The  chancel,  of  ui- 
uBual  width,  is  Dec,  with  a  very  fine 
E.  window.  There  is  a  good  octa- 
gonal font,  and  a  modem  pulpit  of 
■       ■     fineaf 


inlaid  marble.    Notice  the  fi: 


aaltar- 


MicMel    ! 


1549)  and    his 


ChiekeandB  Priory  (Sir  George  0»- 
bom,  Bart.),  1}  m.,  is  a  place  of  con- 
siderable int^est.  It  was  founded 
for  monks  and  nuns  of  the  Gilbertine 
order,  about  1150.  The  remains  con- 
sist of  a  quadrangle,  with  an  inner 
court,  with  a  long  range  of  stabling 
ostending  &om  it  on  the  eastern  side. 


SHEFFOBD—SHEPTON  NALLET. 


The  anoiont  portioDa  are  the  sonth, 
east,  and  west  tides  of  the  qnadiangle, 
bat  the  whole  of  the  eiteiior  wsi 
entirely  remodelled,  partly  by  Naeh, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  and 
partly  bj  Wyall,  at  the  beginning  of 
the  present  There  ia  an  important 
collection  of  pictorea. 

From  ChickstuidB,  a  drive  of  3)  m. 
tliroDgh  B,  pleasant  country  brings  ne 
to  the  village  of  Silsoe,  and  the  park 
of  Wrett  (CouotOBa  Cowper),  one  of 
the  moet  striliing  places  in  Bedford- 
ahire.  The  old  house,  a  more  dignifled 
one  than  the  preeenl,  was  removed 
altogether  by  the  lato  Earl  de  Grey 
(father  of  Lady  Cowper),  who  bailt 
the  present  manaioD,  which  has  much 
the  character  of  a  French  chateau  of 
the  latter  years  of  Louis  XIV.  The 
house  contains  some  important  pic- 
tures. The  donble  avenues  of  elms 
and  Spanish  chestnuts,  which  form 
the  approaches  to  the  house,  and 
the  park  to  the  difEbrent  lodges,  a 
very  great  beauty.  The  Tiews  from 
the  higher  ground  are  eitenaive  and 
pictnrS<me. 

From  Wrest,  the  tourist  may  make 
his  way  by  Flitton  to  the  Ampthill 
Stat  on  the  Midland  BIy.,  and  so  pro- 
ceed to  Bedfbrd.  Attached  to  the 
CbvTck  of  FlilUm  is  the  mausoleum 
of  the  Greys  of  Wrest,  containing 
some   very  remarkable    and   cu 


The  pedestnan  who  goes  from  Flit- 
t«n  to  Ampthill  S(at  should  ask  for 
a  path  across  the  fields,  which  wiU 
mnch  shorten  the  way. 

Uepperihall  Ch.,  2  m.  &om 
ford,  Is  worth  attentioD.  It  stands 
on  high  gronnd,  and  45  or  46 
churches  are  said  to  be  visible  ft>om 
the  tower. 

1}  m.  S.  of  Meppershall  is  Bkil- 
lingUm,  where  there  ia  a  very  fine 
church  standing  on  high  ground.  It 
is  throughout  transitional  nom  Dec.  to 
Perp.  By  proceeding  to  the  next 
station,  N.  of  Bhefford,  the  pedesliian 
can  conveniently  visit  Southiil  Park 
(8.  Whitbtoad,  Esq.)  and  Ch.  Notice 
at  E,  end  of  Ch,  the  mansoleum  or 
"  columbarium  "  of  the  Byugs.  Near 
the  puk  are  the  remains  of  Warden 


Abbey,  founded  for  Cistercian  mnnkB 
■     113R 

Shbu^bp,  see  Cambridge. 

Sbbltoh,  see  ShreixAt^. 

Shentieiji,  sea  Brenivmod. 

Sbestoh,  see  Hintl^. 

Hliepperton  (Uiddz.),  a  vil- 

ge    on    the   Thames,    immediately 
above  Ualliford,  and  the  terminus  of 
the  Shepperton  Branch  of  the  London 
&  8.  W.  Rly.    Innt :  Anchor ;  Bail- 
by  the  stafioD. 

is  a  quiet  apol,  chiefly  visited  by 
anglers  and  boating  men.  The  reaches 
of  uie  river  are  very  pretty.  Bhepperton 
Deeps  are  much  resorted  to  for  Darbe). 
roach,  perch,  jack,  and  oecasioDnl 
trout  flBhing— the  Upper  Deep,  200 
yds. ;  the  Old  Deep,  B.  of  the  Creek 
rails,  240  yds.;  and  the  Lower  Deep, 
200  yds.  Shepperton  Creek  is  ^so 
available.  Punts  and  boats  may  be 
hired.  The  Purdues,  Roeersons,  and 
Bosewells  are  fishermen  cut  old  stand- 
ing, and  the  Anchor  and  the  Cronn 

Boman  and  other  remains  have 
been  foand  in  this  neighbourhood. 
On  the  E.,  between  Shepperton  Field 
and  Walton  Bridge,  there  appears  to 
have  been  a  Boman  cemetery. 

LoiBST  Halliford,  midway  between 
Walton  Bridge  and  Shepperton,  is  a 
little  collection  of  dwellings,  nestling 
about  a  sharp  curve  of  the  Thames, 
Along  and  across  the  river  there  are 
charming  views— Oatlands  lying  di- 
rectly opposite,  Walton  and  Adiley 
Park  on  one  side,  Weybridge  on  the 
other.  The  "  Ship  "  and  "  Red  Lion  " 
are  favourite  houses  of  call  for  anglers, 
boatmen,  and  holiday  parties,  the  nar- 
row creek  afibrding  shelter  for  punt 
or  wherry,  and  the  rivor  off  here  ex- 
cellent barbel  fishing. 

Stbvpton  Mollet  (Somerset.), 
commonly  known  as  Shepun.  Slats., 
Gt.  W.  Hly.  (East  Somerset  Branch), 
and  Somerset  £  Dorset  Bly,  Pang : 
George ;  Hare  and  Hounds.  This  is 
a  busy  and  flourishing  manufacturing 
town.  A  kiln  for  baking  lUnaan 
pottery  was  discovered  when  building 
Messrs.  Monis  and  Cox's  brewery, 
which  has  been  carefullv  preserved  by 
Mr.  W.  Clarke,  of  Paul-street.    Ther" 


SHEPTOS  MALLETSEEBBOBSE. 


Is  s  small  Kod  good  collection  of  local 
fottiU  at  the  Post  Office. 

The  wooden  roof  of  the  Gh.  is  oi 
the  Teij  finest  in  the  country. 
contains  350  pttUels,  no  two  of.Uiem 
being  alike. 

The  Market  Crvti,  erected  ISOO,  ia 


abbey  t^  Boger,  Bishop  of  Sarum. 
In  1SS9,  ttio  abbey  was  Burrendered 
by  John  Barnstaple,  the  2^d  and 
last  abbot,  into  the  hands  of  Henry 
TIIL'b  Commissioiieis,  and  granted 
lo  Sir  John  Hoisey,  Knight. 
The  Ckanh  (St.  Mary  the  Virgin), 


The  b 


s  old 


houses.    Strode^t  Almiihou4e,  founded 
lna\i.  ia  a  singular  old  building. 

CroMomfce,  "  the  valley  of  tbi 
Cross,"  3  m.  towards  Wells,  lies  situ 
atcd  oil  the  pretty  stream  which  flows 
post  Sheptou,  in  a  pleasing;  valley, 
once  richly  wiwded.  The  village  has 
a  eroai,  and  a  very  interesting  Ch., 
wliich  has  a  stone  spire.  It  oontaine 
an  extraordinary  amount  of  fine  wood- 
work, seats,  bench  ends.  £c.,  among 
which  the  truly  mogniScent  cinque- 


rising  nearly  lo  the  roof  of  the  Ch., 
deserve  special  notice. 

Crosoombe  is  full  of  old  houses, 
among  which  the  village  Inn,  of  the 
l.lth  cent,  deserves  e^ieoial  notice. 

8  m.  S.W.  U  Ptiion.  The  Ot. 
(TntnB.)  bos  Perp.  clereetory,  and  a 
later  chancel.  The  pulpit  is  a  fine 
specimen  of  its  style  (1618).  At  Pil- 
tun  was  a  grange  of  the  Abbots  of 
Glastonbury,  of  which  a  noble  bam 

Nlierbome  (Dorset),  Stat., 
Lond.&S.W.Blv-.  ifofefs;  "Di^by; 
Antelope;  HnltMoou  ;  Swan. 

Olose  to  tlie  station  is  tlie  Di^by 
Hotel,  a  fine  building,  erected  hj  tlie 
present  owner  of  the  Castle  (G.  D. 
Wingfield  Digby.  Esq.),  and  much 
patronised  during  the  hunting  season, 
the  kennels  of  the  Blaokmore  Vale 
Hunt  being  situated  at  Charlton  Hore- 
thome.  3  m.  N.  In  the  banning  of 
t!le  eighth  century  an  epiBcopal  see 
was  fixed  at  Sherborne  by  Ina,  king 
of  the  West  Baions.  The  first  bishop 
was  the  pions  and  learned  Aldhelm 
(bom  639j.  The  26th  and  last  bishop 
was  Herman  (IDSS),  who  removed  the 
see  to  Old  fiarum.  Sherborne  from 
this  time  ceased  to  be  a  bishopric,  and 
in  the  ytar  1139  was  constituted  an 


see  bec«me  the  conventual,  and  at 
the  Dissolution,  the  parochial,  Cfa.  It 
is  cruciform  in  plan,  with  a  low  cen- 
tral tower,  resting  on  massive  Xonn. 
piers.  There  are  two  transepts,  aiitt 
the  choir  has  aisles,  with  N.  and  S. 
doors.  It  is  essentially  a  Norm.  Ch. 
entirely  transformed  into  the  Perpen- 
dicular style,  of  which  it  is  an  uo* 
usually  grand  and  beantifut  example. 
It  contajns  excellent  specimens  of  the 
Norm.,  E.-E.,  and  Deo,  periods.  The 
Ch.  was  almost  entirely  dostrojed  by 
fire  in  1436. 

The  most  coDspIcaouB  existing  rem- 
nant of  the  origiual  Norm,  building  ia 
the  Porch,  at  the  B.W.  angle  of  the 
Cb.  It  was  restored  by  the  late  Mr. 
"  oogooil  in  1849-50, 

The  Nave  is  cnmposed  of  five  bays. 
Above  tile  arches  of  the  nave  a  bohl 
stringoourse  runs  from  B.  to  V., 
upon  which  rest  five  clereato^  win- 
dows im  either  side.  The  chief  bentity 
of  the  Ch,  is  the  vaulted  roof.  Tlio 
great  W.  window  has  three  tiers  of 
it  lights  eoob,  divided  by  two  prin- 
cipal mullions  into  tliree  compart- 
ments. The  groining  of  the  N.  tran- 
sept is  particularly  bold.  The  bosses 
~-  the  finest  in  tlieOli,    The  S.  tran- 

,  t  has  a  handeome  roof  of  Irish  oak. 
with  giit  bosses.  It  contaii^s  a  noblu 
S.  window,  filled  with  exquisite  staincU 
glass  by  Hard  in  an. 

The  Choir  is  considered  a  master- 

ece  of  construction.  It  baa  three 
bays,  which  are  shut  off  fmni  the  aide 
aisles  by  pierced  pa  rcloses.  The  piers 
are  massive,  and  rich  in  mouldings, 
which  extend  ttom  the  roof  to  Uie 
base.  The  large  E.  window  is  filled 
with  rich  stained  glass,  desigDed  and 
executed  by  Messrs.  Clayton  &  BelL 

The  reredoe  is  of  Caen  Blone.  In 
the  lower  compartment  the  Last 
Supper   is    presented    in  relitf,  and 


SHEEBOBKE-SEOBEBAM.  NEW. 


above  it  JB  the  Aaoeadoa,  Behind 
tho  high  altar  tie  the  Ijaion  kings, 
£thelbaid  and  Ethelbert,  biothars  of 
King  Alfred.  The  Lady  Chapel  with 
the  adjoining  little  chapel  of  St.  Haiy- 
]e-1xiw  were  sold,  aftet  the  Dtssolntion, 
to  the  GuTemora  of  the  King'B  School, 
And  by  them  converted  into  a  dwelling- 
house  for  the  Head  Master. 

Of  the  1  remaining  Chapels,  we 
next  notioe  that  of  Bishop  Boger,  of 
Sariun.  1107.  It  is  entered  iWini  the 
N.  choir  aisle,  and  is  now  used  aa  a 
vestry  by  the  clergy  and  choir.  The 
next  cJiapel,  adjoining  it  westward, 
and  accessible  from  the  N.  transept,  is 
the  Wickham  ChapeL  On  tlie  S.  side 
<^  the  Cb.  are  also  two  chapels,  the 
Chapel  of  tha  Holy  Bepnlcnre,  and 
St.  Catherine's  Ohapel,  commonly 
OBiUed  the  lieweston  Chapel. 

The   Ch.   has   been   careftdly  re- 

l^e  admirable  and  complete  set  of 
buildings  fbrmiiig  the  now  celebrated 
Orammar  School,  lie  principally  round 
tile  cloister,  and  to  tlie  N.  of  tho  nave, 
and  include  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
dotoeelia  buildings  belonging  to  the 
abbey. 

The  lemaios  of  the  Cattle  staod  to 
the  eastward  cf  the  town,  and  are  only 
aocesrable  to  visiton  by  permission. 

The  entrance  is  at  the  lodge  by 
Castleton  Ch.  The  Castle  was  built 
by  Btwer,  3n]  Bishop  of  Salisbiu? 
(temp.  Henry  L).  The  Xamion,  de- 
scribed in  liistfsy  as  "  Tho  Lodge,"  is 
now  called  "  The  Caatla,"  The  body 
of  the  house  was  built  by  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  (15MJ.  The  two  wings  wore 
added  by  the  second  Earl  of  Bristol. 
A  fine   lake,  surrounded    by  lovely 

Steasure  grounds,  separates  the  house 
-om  the  OBsUe  nuns.  The  Park, 
which  extends  over  upwards  of  300 
aotea,  abounds  in  cbarming  nndula- 
tions  on  every  side,  and  ia  full  of  fine 
timber.  It  is  opea  to  the  public,  and 
the  entrance  to  it  is  near  the  railway 
station.  The  interior  of  the  CaaUe  is 
not  nsnallv  shown. 

The  aitJuEolc^ist  will  be  much  inte- 
rested in  the  nnmetous  anaient  booses 
in  the  town,  especially  the  .^Enu- 
/tmue,  or  Hotpitai   of  8t.  John  Bap- 


tist, founded  1408.  Tbo  older  por- 
tion of  ibe  existing  building  was 
erected  in  1148.  It  has  been  recentiy 
enlai^ed  and  restored,  and  stands  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Church  Close.  Tha 
Chapel  is  carious,  and  will  repay  a 

The  tourist  should  also  visit  the 
Cemetery,  \  m.  ttaia  the  town,  for  Ute 
sake  of  tlie  splendid  and  cnatly  Mm- 
tvary  Chi^d,  erected  by  Mr.  Digby, 
as  a  &Qiily  aansoleam,  in  later  Norm, 
style,  of  Hamhill  stone.  The  entrance 
arch  ia  ricbly  carved. 

Exainioni.— Trent,  3)  ul  N.W. 
(by  all  means  to  be  visited),  thu 
biding-plaoe  of  Charier  II.  after  the 
battle  of  Worcester,  and  its  interesting 
church  (see  Yeovil)  ;  Saitd/ord  Oreat, 
of  which  Bp.  Godwin  was  rector,  with 
its  fine  Elizabethan  manor-bouBe,  3  m, 
N. :  Cadbwy  QuOe,  6  m.  X.,  the  tix 
ditional  camp  of  King  Arthur. 

BHEBnoanc  (Qloucester),  see  NorOf 

SHcannuf,  see  Durbam. 
Sbebe,  see  DoriHng. 
Shuuit  Hdtton,  see  York. 

BHEBDraHAH,  see  Cromer. 

Shields    (Nmlh    Hid  Sontb),  see 

SmrrsAL,  see  ATbri^ton. 
Shillinofobd,  see  Tbama. 
Sbillinotoh,  see  Ske^ord. 
Shipbobhe,  see  Tm&itige. 
Shiplake,  see  Tlunaet. 
'     SBireroN-o»-&n)iiB,  see  Jtfor«(on-in- 

SsmEHAHFTOii,  Bce  Briitol, 
Shibkoaks,  see  Worhiop. 
Shiblbt,  see  Croydoa. 
Shoebobthess,  see  SontheTid. 
Suooteb's  Hill,  see  Wootirich. 
ShObuelobb,  see  Amertham. 

Mhoretinni,  ar^w  (Sussex), 

Stat.,  L.  B.  A  S.  C.  Biv.  Inn:  Dol- 
phin. Mnoh  shipbuilding  goes  on 
here,  and  there  is  a  considerable  trade 
vritb  France.  The  Cbitreh  of  New 
Shoreham,  aa  wall  as  that  of  Old 
ShordtaiH,  about  I  m.  N.,  is  of  great 
interest,  and  should  br  no  means  be 
neglectcJ  by  the  archnologist.  At 
BranJier  (Stat.),  3}  m.  Dn  the  line  to 
Horsham,  are  the  remains  of  Brambei- 
Castle  (see  SUyning). 


ton 


SHSEWaSUBT. 


The  io«d  from  Shcneluun  to  Pol- 
borouzh  tbioneb  Stefiui^  ()  m.  from 
Brambei)  and  Storrington,  ii  to 
be  reoammeDded  for  its  pictnieaqne 

Chanehmbury  Bmg,  in  the  perUh  of 
Wlston,  is  the  third  height  of  the  B. 
DowDB,  being  814  ft.  above  sea-muk. 
There  is  a  oirculiir  entrenchmetit, 
which  maj  be  of  Britiih  origin.  The 
vlewi  from  thia  camp  are  grand  and 
panaremio. 

Shoimcliffe,  see  Folkalone. 

SaoBNB,  see  SochetUr. 

BaoTOTEE,  see  Oxford  (Eicnra.). 

ShotTEkY,  Boe  S^atford-oa-Awin. 

Shottesbhooee,  Bee  MaideTAead. 

Shotton,  iee  EartUpool. 

Bhudldbh,  Bee  Deal. 

Mlirewsbiiry  (Salop)— Stat., 
G.  W.  Hly.,  L.  &,  N.  W.  Kly.  (162*  m. 
from  London),  and  Cambriati  Kly. 
Jn?u."BavenH.;  Lion  H.;  George. 
Fagt-offiee,  Pride  Hill,  nearly  opposite 
Baren  H.— the  ancient  capitol  or  Salop, 
and,  B£  a  frontier  town,  the  Beat  of  the 
Court  of  the  Welsh  Matchea— stands 
in  a  noble  position  on  a  peninsula  of 
rising  ground,  almoBt  encircled  by 
the  Severn,  which  is  oroBsed  by  the  2 
handBome  bridgti  called  the  English 
and  Welsh  Bridges.  Quitting  the 
fine  Station,  of  Tador  architecture, 
and  ascending  the  bill,  the  first  object 
is  the  CaiOe,  of  the  old  part  of  which 
the  square  keep  and  port  of  the  wuUb 
of  the  inner  bailey  are  all  that  iB  left. 
The  turret  overlooking  the  garden 
was  Uie  work  of  Tel/wd,  and  com- 
mands a  charming  view  over  the 
Shropshire  hilts.  The  MoyiU  Free 
Grammar SAooltiaB  founded  by  Edw. 
VI.,  and  was  the  Alma  Mater  of  Sir 
P.  Sydney  and  Judge  Jeffreys.  The 
Couneil-houte  is  anold  mansion,  where 
the  Court  of  the  Marches  was  held. 
St  Marf/'i  Oh.  (a  little  I.  of  Castle- 
street)  is  o  beautiful  cruciform  oh.,  of 
mixed  date,  with  lottj;  oolagonal  apire 
and  a  profusion  of  stained  glass.  "' 
serve  the  carved  oak  oeiling  of 
nave,  and  the  Norm,  arehes  springing 
from  clustered  columns  of  later  ^te. 
The  E.  window  represents  the  gene- 
ali^y  of  Christ,  from  the  Koot  of 
Jcsae,   with   47   flgnrcs.      A  lancet- 


window  on  the  N.  of  the  altar,  with 
BoeDes  in  the  life  of  St  Berufud,  is 
attributed  to  A.  Darer.  JUbnununfa  .■ — 
(a)  In  the  Trinity  Chapel  to  I^. 
Butler,  by  BaQy.  (6)  Under  the 
Tower-arcli  to  Oen.  Curaton,  by  Wett- 
maeoU.  In  the  interior  of  8t,  Jutidn** 
Ch.,  near  St  MaiyB,  is  a  giave«toae, 
with  an  insoription  of  the  13tb  cent. 
CioBB  the  EngliBh  Bridge  to  tbaMbeg 
or  Ch.  of  the  Holy  Orou,  partly  Noun. 
and  partly  Dec,  onoe  cruciform,  but 
much  mutilated.  Notice  the  W. 
window;  rcrodos;  Hortn.  arcades: 
tomb  of  Sir  K.  Onslow,  the  Spet^er 
(temp.  Eliz.),  and  othen  of  the  13th 
and  11th  oeuta.  On  the  oppoeite  aide 
of  the  road  are  the  scanty  mooastia 
remains,  inoluding  a  panelled  stone 
pttlpit,  the  sole  reuo  of  the  Befectory. 
At  the  end  of  the  abbey  fore-gate  is 
the  Column  to  Lord  Hill,  a  Salopian 
PeniuBuIa  hero.  BecroBalng  the  river, 
visit  the  ToKn  ib<xUi  and  square  tower, 
tlie  only  remaining  one  of  20.  SL 
Chad'i  Ch.  is  formed  by  the  inter- 
section of  2  circles.  It  has  some  good 
stained  glass,  and  the  interior  is  worth 
seeing.  From  it  a  path  leeda  to  the 
Quarry,  a  charming  public  walk  by 
the  river'Side,  lined  with  avenues  of 
limes.  In  the  Bhoplatch  is  the  new 
Com  Exchange ;  and  in  the  Market- 
square  is  a  picturesque  Market-houte, 
with  mullioned  vrindows.  In  tttmt  is 
a  8tata«  of  Lord  Olive,  by  MarochiiltL 
The  ilfuseum,  neax  the  Post-offloe, 
contaioB  BntiquitieB  f^om  Wroxeter. 
Old  hoaiet. — There  are  several  in  the 
streets  leading  to  the  Haik^.  See 
the  Butckeri'Toin,  near  St.  Alkmnnd's 
Ch,,  perhaps  the  most  perfeot  speci- 
mens of  old  shops  in  EngWd.  Notioe 
alBO  the  quaint  names  of  tke  streets. 
ShieWBbury  is  famous  for  itB  oakes 
and  brawn. 

ExatTiiiorts. — (a)  5  m.  to  Wroxeltr 
(or  to  Upton  Magna  StfU.,  thenoe  2  m.\ 
psBsing  Atcham  Ch.  (Norm,  details), 
at  the  Junction  of  the  Teem  with 
the  Severn.  Wroxeter  Ch.  is  Norm. ; 
having  some  very  remarkable  altar- 
tombs,  with  oolouied  figures.  The 
remains  of  the  Homan  city  of  Urico- 
nium  ooDsist  of  the  Old  Wall,  about 
70  ft.  long;  the  foaQdatirau  of  the 


SIBLE—SIBMOVTH. 


BMJlico,  or  GDvermnent  Hoase ;  an 
extensiTe  series  of  ooorta  sad  hvpo- 
ouiuls,  in  which  the  oonnecting  pillarB 
and  flaea  ate  veil  ghown.  It  waa 
probabl;  deatniyed  bj  the  Sazona  in 
the  6th  cent.,  cdtei  the  Bomana  had 
left,  and  when  ita  on);  defenders  were 
BomaniBed  Britona.  (6)  3}  m.  to 
Haaghmond  Abbey  ruins,  pasaing  Sun- 
dorne  Castle  (Bev.  J.  D.  Pigot-Cor- 
bett).  The  abbe;  was  founded  in 
the  12th  cent,  by  W.  FitoAIan,  for 
Aogastine  canons.  The  remeJnB  sje 
beaubful,  and  oonaiat  of  the  transept 
only  of  the  Oh. ;  a  Norm,  door  on  the 
S.  whidi  led  to  the  clolBters;  the 
Chapter -honse,  with  fine  W.  door 
(Truis.  •  Norm.) ;  refectory ;  abbot's 
house:  gueet-hall,  81  it.  long;  and 
the  Monka'  Well,  a  curions  little 
vaulted  building.  There  is  a  charm- 
ing view  towards  Shrcwabury,  the 
Breiddens,  and  Btiper  Stones.  Re- 
turn to  ShreHsbur;  by  Saughnwnd 
Mill,  a  superb  view,  (c)  3  m.  on  tlie 
Wem  road  to  Battlefield,  the  localit; 
of  the  fight  between  Henrj  IV.  and 
the  Ferciea  in  1403.  There  is  a  fine 
(lestc^ed)  collegiate  Gh.,  fomided  by 
Henry  IV.  in  memory  of  hia  victory. 
1  m.  beyond  ia  the  old  moated  house 
of  jUbrigU  Huney.  (d)  To  Bhelton. 
If  m.,  orossiDg  the  Welsh  Bridge.  At 
the  point  whore  the  Oswestry  road 
diverges  ia  the  oak-tree  from  whiob, 
it  is  said,  Owen  Glendower  watched 
the  issue  of  the  battle  of  140.1. 

Aclon  Samell,  8  m.  8.E.  Itom 
Shiewabnry,  and  4  m.  W.  of  Condovei 
Stat.,  is  the  seat  of  Sir  C.  F.  Bmythe, 
Bt  The  old  Cailk,  in  which  Edw.  I. 
held  his  first  parliament  in  1283,  still 
stands.  It  is  a  paiallelogrom,  with 
email  square  tower  at  each  angle.  Tl 
boll  is  on  the  N.  side.  It  was  built 
b;  Sir  B.  Bumell,  Bishop  of  Bath  and 
Wells. 

POehford  EaU,  2  m.  N.  of  Acton 
Bumelf,  is  a  cnrious  IGth  oent.  timber 
mansion.  Visit  bitnminoas  well,  ant 
see  vetj  curious  etfigy  carved  in  oal 
in  Pitchford  Ch. 

sible  and  Castle  IIed< 

Invhlftin  (Essex).     A  station  of 

the  O.  E.  Ely.  fColne  Valley) 

for  both  these  villagea.     CatOe  Hed- 


ingham  (Jt)»:  Bell)  is  pleosontlyL 
ated  in  a  pretty  district  It  W. 
chief  seat  and  stronghold  ot . 
De  Veres,  Earls  of  Oxford.  The  ' 
points  of  interest  (besides  the  church) 
are  the  great  Norm,  tower;  a  flue 
Ferp,  brick  bridge  over  the  ditch ;  a 
few  traces  of  the  walls  and  towers 
Burroundiug  the  inaer  oourt ;  and  the 
earthworks  on  the  N.E.  of  the  garden. 
The  Caille  occupied  the  summit  of  a 
steep  kooll,  and  is  now  represented 
by  the  ancient  keep,  which  stands  in 
the  grounds  of  the  modem  monor- 
houae,  the  seat  of  L.  A.  Majendie, 
Esq.  It  is  a  very  flue  specimen  of  a 
Norm,  keep,  built  between  1070  ukd 
1100,  and  is  100  ft.  in  height  to  the 
summit  of  the  flank  ing-turrets. 

The  Ch.  of  8l.  Nichotm  is  an  an- 
cient and  interesting  hnilding,  erected 
about  iei6,  except  the  present  brick 
tower.  The  chancel  is  a  good  example 
of  the  transition  style  between  Norm. 
and  E.  E.  Under  the  chancel-arch  is 
a  very  rich  and  perfect  rood-sereea  of 
wood.  The  nave  is  Norm.,  with  a  flue 
open  wooden  roof  of  the  16th  cent. 

SimiDBT,  see  SidmoaOi. 

BiDDlMOTOK,  see  Cireneetler, 

SmESTBAND,  see  OroiriEr. 

SlDPOKB,  see  Sidmoalh. 

Hldmoutll  (Devon.).  Stat.,  L. 
&  S.  W.  Ely.,  about  1  hr.'s  ride  from 
Exeter,  via  Ottery-road  June  Inn* : 
Royal  Bedford  H. ;  Royal  York  H., 
boUi  on  the  Esplanade  ;  London.  A 
chonningly-situated  little  watering' 
place,  havmg  a  pure  and  mild  air.  It 
nestles  in  a  valley ;  Sakomle  Hill  and 
Sigh  Peak  respectively  rising  from 
the  shore  E.  and  W.,  197  ft.  and  Sll  ft. 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  pebbles,  which 
are  derived  from  the  (rreensond.  The 
objects  of  interest  ore  the  Ch.  o/  St. 
NickoUu — notice  memorial  window 
in  the  W.  tower  to  the  Duto  of  Kent, 
who  died  here  in  IS2U,  erected  by  the 
Queen,  and  the  stone  pulpit  and  rere- 
dos — and  the  Etplanade,  protected  by 
B  sea-wall,  1700  ft.  king. 

Many  delightful  &ccvrtlimt  may 
be  made  among  the  bills  and  valleys 
of  the  neighbourhood,  particularly  to 
Weilon  MoatA  and  Dvttieombe,  either 
by  walk  over  Sakombe  EiU  (2  m.). 


402 


SILECBOFT—SEIFTON. 


and  thence  <!{  m.)  to  Wetton  Hoath, 
or  by  boat  to  the  Mouth :  to  Brant- 
eimibe  fttid  Bran»eambe  Jfoutt,  3  m. 
beyond  (see  eiao  BtalotCi ;  to  fiirfmrion 

Em,  the  N.  eitremity  of  Peak  Hill, 
1)  m.;  and  farthei'  N,  to  the  pretty 
delU  of  Uarpford  Wood ;  to  Sid/ord, 

2  m.,  with  its  picturesque  bridge  and 
I7th-cent    tenements ;    to    Sidbary, 

3  m.  N.,  vfhere  tUere  ie  nnother  old 
brid(;e  and  an  interesting  Ch. ;  through 


delightful 
High  Peak  to  the  cliffs  of  Ladram  Bay, 
the  village  of  OOtrUm  (i  m.),  and  be- 
yond the  bridge  there  over  the  Otter  to 
(i  m.)  Bieioa  Ch.  and  garden:  To  see 
the  latter,  application  ehoold  be  made 
by  letter  direct  to  I*dy  Eolle.  Ij  m. 
heyond  ia  £tM(£tu(Iei9^,  a  tme  Deioo- 
shlre  Tilli^,  li  tn.  to  the  1.  U  Eayet 
Barton,  tm  birOiplaee  of  Sir  Walter 
Baleigb,  now  a  brmhouee  (EIizO<  i" 
which  a  room  ig  ghown  aa  that  in 
which  Bir  Walter  vnu  bom.  Sage* 
Wood  is  often  visited  by  picnic  parties 
from  Sidmouth  and  Eunonth.  2  m. 
further  W.  is  the  delightful  little 
walerisg-place  of  Budhigh  SalUrton 
(see).    It  is  a  obanning  walk  to  Seatim 

SiLBURT  Hill,  see  MarSiorougfi. 

SiLCHBSTEn,  see  Reading. 

Hilecroft  (Stat,  on  Fomess 
Bly.,  15  m.  from  Couiatou).  a  smnll 
village  (Inn:  Boyal  Albert)  at  the 
foot  of  Black  Combe  (1969  ft,),  from 
which  the  mountain  ma;  be  easily 
ascended.  The  summit  is  4  m.  fiom 
the  shore,  and  the  views  from  it  are 
almost  UQBurpaseed.  Descend  to  SWtn- 
eide,  where  tuere  are  some  Druidical 
remains.  The  distance  thence  to 
BTottghlon  is  4  m. 

Mllverdale  (Lane.)— SUt.  on 
Furoess  Bly.,  3  m.  from  Camforth 
June.  (Inni:  Britannia;  Koyal;  both 
good)— «  village  prettily  situated  on 
the  N.B.  side  of  Morecaml:>e  Bay, 
1)  m.  tttaa  the  station.  Large  quan- 
tities of  cockles  and  flounders  are 
taken  here.  A  ravine  past  Lindelk 
Tower  to  the  sea  ahonld  be  visited. 

PleasBut  Exauriiont  to  Amtide, 
2  m.,  and  Qraage,  4^  m.    The  place  ie 


mndt  frequented  by  visited^  thiongh- 
out  the  year,  on  aoconntof  thehealtoy 
olimala  and  delightiul  walks.  Besid^ 
the  aocommodataon  at  the  hotels,  there 
are  many  private  lodging-honsBB. 

SmoNHBATH,  see  tynfcw. 

6ix  UiLE  Bottom,  see  Nemaarlcel. 
York. 


town  corudsts  prinoipBlly  of  one  long 
street,  at  the  heed  of  which  are  the 
ch.  and  castle.  It  is  a  good  point 
from  which  to  visit  Wharfedale— both 
the  Bolton  and  Harden  soenery  (see 
JUiUy),  and  the  grand  scenes  at  Oot- 
dale  and  Malham,  between  Bkipton 
and  Settle.  (A  mail  omnibus  runs 
daily  from  Skipton  to  Buckden, 
through  Graasington  and  Kettlewell, 
retnmiiig  in  &e  aflemoon.  The 
tourist  may  remain  a  night  either  at 
the  inn  at  Kilnsey  or  at  EetUewelL) 

The  Caitle,  which  the  tourist  shoiJd 
visit  before  the  Ch.,  is  entered  beneath 
a  square  tower.  It  is  of  two  periods : 
the  round  tcwew,  connected  1^  a  cur^ 
tain,  dating  &om  tbe  reign  of  Edw.  IL ; 
the  inhabited  portion,  E.,  &om  that 
of  Henry  YIH.  It  is  of  more  intete«t 
from  its  asforiationa  with  the  Cliflbrds 
than  from  its  architectural  import- 
ance. A  pictnresqne  soene  is  obtained 
in  the  inner  oonrt,  where  a  yew-tree^ 
lowing  in  the  centre,  bruUieB  with 
Its  boughs  the  walls  of  the  quadrwigle. 
On  one  side  steps  ascend  to  tlie  hall, 
which,  witb  its  kitchens  and  adjoining 
offices,  ie  a  good  example.  The  inha- 
bited part  of  the  eastle  is  usually 
ohowD  to  visitors. 

The  Church,  which  belonged  to  the 
priory  and  convent  of  Bolton,  closely 
adjoins  the  castle.  It  is  for  the  moat 
pert  Perp,,  and  of  little  interest 

Gordtus  and  MaOiam  Cove,  two  irf 
the  most  remarkable  scenes  in  Gnat 
Britain,  may  be  visited  by  taking  Uie 
railway  to  BM  Butk  Stat,  15  min. 
ride  (SJ  m.  frran  Malham :  the  land- 
lord of  the  Buck  Iim  at  Mul^imi,  if 
vrrltteu  to  hi  time,  will  send  a  <T*p). 
From  Malham  ^  m.  beyond  £{rMy 
AfaiAon,  where  is  the  Gb.)  the  visitor 
should  walk  to  Qordale  Scar  and  the 
"Cove,"  a  round  of  between  2  and 


8K1PT0N—SL0UGB. 


S  m.  Gordale  should  fiiat  be  vitited. 
The  sppnsoh  is  between  two  nngea 
of  limestone  oUfb,  whioh  ot&a  Dolhiug 
apeciaJly  notioeaUe,  nntil,  on  ttminK 
a  piojectiiig  oomer  of  rock,  yoa  And 
yonnelf  in  front  of  the  "chasm." 
The  impresBion  is  one  of  abeolnte  awe, 
espeoiall;  if  the  place  is  vudled  alone 
and  toward  ereiung.  The  nairow 
glen  is  WEJIed  in  by  limestone  preci- 
picea  mute  than  300  ft.  high,  in  places 
orertiaDging  their  bases  more  thao 
10  yda.  At  the  end  is  the  "  chasm  " 
in  the  look,  tbrongh  whioh  a  strean 
dashes  in  a  serieB  of  natertaUs.  The 
stream  may  be  croeeed  at  the  foot  of 
the  <«scade,  and  the  rock  easily  as- 
cended by  natoral  steps  in  the  frac- 
tured limeetoue. 

From  the  top  of  the  ohasm  yon 
should  walk  actoes  the  hills  to  Mai- 
ham  Cote,  abont  I  m.  It  ia  a  magni- 
ficent amphitheatre  of  rook  263  ft. 
high.  Fiom  the  foot  of  the  cliff  the 
Aue  BpringB  to  light  at  onoe,  a  full 
stream.  The  Cove  should  be  eeen 
both  from  below  and  above.  There  is 
a  fine  view  from  the  summit. 

Malliam  W<Uer,  or  "Mnlham  Tarn," 
is  a  snudl  lake,  abont  3  m.  in  circnm- 
ferecoe,  2  m.  above  the  Cove.  It  is 
1216  n.  above  the  seerleveL  This  U 
the  moat  important  tarn  in  Yorkshire, 
and  ila  wild  seclusion  gives  it  an 
interest  hardly  due  to  piotureeque 
heanty.  A  modem  hooae  (W.  Slor- 
rison,  Ssq.)  has  been  boilt  on  the 
further  side  of  tlie  tarn:  The  lake 
aboonda  with  yellow  and  "  silver " 
tiont  and  perch.  From  here  it  is  a 
pleasEAt  walk  across  the  moors  to 
Setlh,  7  m.  From  Skipton  a  drive 
may  be  t^en  to  Barlen  (7  m.) 
through  fine  soenery.  DManeet, — 
Bolton  Park,  7  m,  (see  lOdey);  the 
Strid,  6}  m.,  the  favourite  spot  for 
pionias  (see  also  Hkley). 

Bkifwith,  see  York. 

8LA0X,  SOD  Rvddertjidd. 

Slapton  Banmi,  sec  Dartmouth. 

SuNOBBT,  see  Think. 

Slouyli  (Bucks.),  Stat.,  Q.  W. 
Bly.,  ISm.  from  London ;  21m.  by  road. 
Inn :  Crown  H.  This  town  has  greatly 
increased  of  late  years,  and  a  new 
suburb  of  villas,  Upton  Park,  baa  been 


I  formed,  with  reading  and  billisi 
rooms,  and  over  30  aotea  of  pleasure-  ^ 
grounds.  At  the  E.  end  of  the  town 
ore  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  Tamer, 
always  worth  visiting,  but  especially 
BO  in  the  rose  season. 

The  BrUiA  Onitan  Atj/lam  ^Madt- 
emU  Fark),  by  Uie  Slongh  Btat.,  oo- 
cupies  the  laree  building  once  the 
Queen's  Hotel. 

A  little  nay  ont  of  the  town,  on  the 
1.  of  the  Windsor-road,  stands  a  plain 
red-brick  dwelling — old  Jay  Hotae, 
now  called  HertrM  Hovaa,  memorable 
us  the  residence  of  Sir  Wm.  Herachel 
tor  nearly  40  years.  Here  he  cob- 
stmoted  his  iO-foot  telescope,  which 
he  set  np  iii  the  earden  in  17tf6,  made 
his  nnmerouB  and  most  important  dis- 
coveries, and  here  died  in  1822.  The 
tube  of  the  telescope  is  laid  in  the 
garden,  on  3  stooe  piers,  and  the 
valued  relic  religiously  preserved. 

A  short  mile  W.  of  the  Blongh  Sta- 
tion, on  the  Bath-road,  is  SaU  Hill, 
with  the  JUeru,  tumulus  or  hillook, 
the  goal  of  the  old  Eton  Montem. 
The  old  hotel  known  as  Botham'a 
Jnn  is  closed. 

Stoke  Fogei,  pictnresque  oh.-yard, 
the  bnrial-place  of  the  poet  Gray,  and 
the  scene  of  his 'Elegy,'  is  about  2}  m. 
N.  of  the  Slough  Station,  a  pleasant 


walk  by  shady  Maee  end  field-n 
Manor  House  (E.  J. 
man,  Esq.)  is  one  of  the  elder  Wjatt'a 


.  Cole- 


olassio  structures.  The  perk  of  570 
acres  is  well  wooded.  In  the  upper 
part  of  it,  towards  the  N.W.,  Is  a 
column,  {iS  ft  high,  surmounted  with 
a  colossal  statue  of  Bir  Edw.  Coke,  by 
Boifi.  On  the  eastern  side,  close  to 
Stoke  Church,  is  a  cenotaph,  erected 
by  Mr.  Penn,  in  1799,  "in  honour  of 
l^omas  Gray,  among  the  scones  cele- 
brated by  that  great  Lyric  and  Elegiac 
Poet"  It  stands  within  an  euoloson, 
open  to  the  visifor. 

Lord  Chief  Justice  Coke  obtained  a 
grant  of  the  manor  from  James  I.,  and 
died  here  in  1634.  It  subsequently 
belonged  to  Thomas  Peon,  son  ot 
William  Ferni,  the  fbnuder  of  Penn- 
sylvania. It  remained  in  the  Penn 
family  till  1848,  when  it  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Bight  Hon.  Henry 
2  p  2 


4H 


SOMEBTON—SOUTSAMPTOK. 


Liilmuchero,  The  "ancient  pile"  was 
pulled  down  by  John  Fcnn  in  I7S9, 
with  the  exception  of  a  wing.  This 
interesting  fragment  of  the  old  Xaiu>r 
House  etends  but  a  short  way  from 
the  Cb.,  and  ie  worth  visiting.  It  oon- 
taius  some  paintingB,  carvings,  and  old 
furniture.  Inside  are  the  groat  kitchen, 
with  its  wide  fireplace,  and  an  upper 
flour,  with  heraldiu    devicca  on    the 

We»t  ETid,  the  house  in  which  Gray's 
mother  lived,  and  in  which  he  wrote 


about  1  m.N.ofthech.  Tbe  house 
Ttbuilt  by  Mr.  Fena,  about  1S15,  on  a 
lar^o  scale.  The  room  in  which  Gray 
wnito  was,  however,  preserved  unal- 
tered, and  forms  part  of  the  proacnt 
linuse.  There  is  a  charmin;;  walli  of. 
little  more  than  a  mUe  fmm  Weat  End 
to  Btunham  Common  and  Bumham 
Beeches.  Dromaore  is  7  in.  irom 
Slough  (see  Thames  Toar—Maiden- 
headl 

Shalluocth,  see  Lptlon. 

Snettbhah,  see  Hnnetantim. 

Snowdon,    see    BeddgeJeii,    Gapel 
Ctirig,  and  lAmberie, 

SocKDDBNE,  See  DarUngUm. 

SoHAH,  Eee  Ely. 


SOUERLEVTON,  SCO  Louteitoft. 

^omerton  (Somerset.),  The 
nearest  railway  station  is  lingport, 
5  xa.  lam:  Bod  Lion;  White  Hart. 
This  email  town  is  situated  in  a 
oharmin°;  country  of  wild  hill  and 
irnitful  dale. 

The  roof  of  the  nave  of  the  Cft.  is  re- 
markably fine,  having  a  la^o  amount 
of  rich  panelling,  varied  ngurea  and 
foliago.  Thepulpit  has  the  date  1615, 
and  the  altar,  which  is  finely  carved, 
painted,  and  gilt,  bears  the  date  1626. 

Tho  best  view  of  the  town  is  from 
KirMidoa  Hill,  1  m.  S. ;  the  beat  view 
of  the  country  from  the  top  of  Somer- 
Um  SiR,  H  m.  towards  Langport. 
Vha  prospect  embraces  the  entire 
broadu  of  the  County. 

It  ia  a  pretty  walk  to  Hareoi  HiU, 
2  m.  N.E,,  where  there  are  quarries  of 
Alabaster;   and  rather  a  longer  — 


over  Kingadon  Hill,  4  m.  E.,  to  Lntt) 
Gary  Souse,  a  charming  Bmsill  late 
Ferp.  building.  Tbe  SaU  lias  an 
open  roof,  with  a  rich  oomice,  and  ia 
entered  by  a  porch  with  an  oriel  ov« 
the  door. 

SouEBTON  Cabtlb,  See  Lineoln. 

SoHPTiNG,  see  Worthing. 

SoNNiNQ,  «e«  Thames. 

SOPLEY,  see  ChriitchuTck. 

HmtOittmptmt  (county  town 
and  county  oO,  2  Stats,  (a)  Docks 
Stat,  and  (b)  West  End  Stat.,  783  "i- 
from  London,  L.  &  6.  W.  RIy. — Intu  : 
•*  South-Western  Hotel,  with  eatnuice 
from  the  Docks  Bly.  Stat. ;  Dolphin, 
High-street;  The  Boyal.  and  Boyal 
York,  above  Bar;  Ho^l  Pier;  Star, 
Crown,  and  Castle,  High  -  street ;  all 
good — is  pleasantly  aituated  on  a  pen- 
insula near  the  head  of  Soathampton 
Water,  hoving  theEiver  Itchen  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Kiver  Test  on  the  W.  aide. 
It  is  a  very  busy  psoket-station,  and 
the  visitor  should  not  miss  aceiog 
the  arrival  or  departure  of  an  Indian 
mail-packet.  The  Royal  Uail  paokela 
leave  for  tbe  Channel  Islands  daily 
in  summer;  and  tbe  Bonth-Westem 
Bly.  boats  for  Havre,  &c.,  3  times  a 
week.  There  is  also  communication 
several  times  a  day  with  Cowes,  Rvde, 
Portsmouth,  and  Southaea;  and  a 
steamer  for  Hythe  (very  convenient 
for  visiting  Beaulieu  and  the  New 
Forest)  almost  hourly.  In  addition 
to  the  rail,  an  omnibus  mns  daily  to 
Eomeey,  and  aiwther  to  Lyndhurtt. 
In  the  town  itself  there  is  much  of 
en)ecial  interest  to  the  archieologist, 
whilst  it  ia  also  an  excellent  centre 
for  excursions  bv  land  or  water. 

Leaving  the  Docks  Bly.  Stat.,  and 
proceeding  up  Bridge-street ,  the  visitor 
will  enter  the  Higk-slreet  at  Soly  Rood 
Ch.  Observe  in  the  chancel  a  monu- 
ment by  Rysbrach  to  Miss  E.  Stanley, 
d.  1738,  with  an  epitaph  by  TbamsoD, 
who  also  commemorates  h^r  death  in 
his  '  Seasons.'  Below  the  Ch.,  and  on 
the  same  aide,  is  the  BartUy  InditiOt, 
containing  Beading  -  loom,  Museum 
(open  free  every  day  except  Tuesday, 
then  6(1.),  School  of  Art,  Ac.  In  a 
street  Dearly  opposite  Holy  Rood  Ch. 
is  St.  MitAaePs  Ch.,  which  contain*  a 


SOUTHAMPTON. 


remarhabl;  JDe  Norm.  fbnt.  Benai^ 
on  tbe  S.  Bide  of  St,  UichaeVa-aquBre 
an  ancient  house  of  the  Flantageuet 
period,  eaid  io  liave  been  occupied  bj 
Henry  VIII.  and  Anne  Boteyn ;  olao 
the  BDmll  Norm.  remainB  of  tbe 
Woollen-Hall  to  the  8.  of  tho  Ch. 
Higher  up  High-stieet  is  JM  SaiiUi' 
Ch.,  with  flne  roof,  and  haring  a, 
monumeut  mth  one  of  Flaxman'a 
bae-reliefs,  illnstrative  of  the  Lard's 
Prayer.  Above  this  ia  Bargaie,  di- 
viding tbe  stroet  into  "  Above  Bar" 
and  "  Below  Bar."  Over  the  gate  is 
(m  ancient  apartment,  now  used  as 
the  Guildhall,  and  from  the  flat  lead 
roof  (which  tbe  viaitca'  sliould  ascend) 
a  good  general  riew  of  the  town  is 
obtained.  From  here  the  archteolo- 
gLSt  muy  proceed  to  inspect  tbe 
mains  of  tlie  Town  vralls,  and  tbe  old 
bouses  connected  with  them.  These 
are  of  no  ordinarj  interest,  and  will 
repay  close  cxomination.  Passing 
through  the  gate,  turn  1.  down  Or- 
chard-street. The  "  Arundel  Tower ' 
id  soon  reaohed,  and  then,  turning  S.. 
ia  "  Catch  cold  Tower,"  the  view  from 
which  is  a  very  etriking  i 
wall  here  is  probably  a  remnant  of  tbe 
town  walls,  bnilt  temp.  King  John. 
The  most  interesting  point,  however, 
is  at  Bltu  Anehor-lane,  a  itoep  aEoj, 
leading  to  St.  Micbael's- square.  At 
tbe  bottom  of  this  lane  are  2  bouses, 
of  very  remarkable  age  and  character. 
Of  one,  almost  the  only  original  fea- 
ture is  a  Norm,  door ;  irat  Hie  other, 
called  King  Jolia'a  Palace, 
bably  one  of  the  oldest  h 
msiaing  in  Enghmd,  being  of  rather 
earlier  cbaraotei  tiian  any  other 
known  example  of  the  12tb  cent." 
Hudson  Tunter,  The  visitor  i 
comes  to  Weitgaie,  another  of  the  3 
remaining  ancient  town  gales,  opening 
on  to  West  Quay.  Close  to  this  is  tin 
Soyal  Pier,  whence  steamers  leave  for 
the  leli  of  Wight.  Tbe  pier  ia  nearly 
midway  between  the  Docks  Stat,  and 
the  Soatbamplon  Weet  End  Stat.  In 
'Winkle-street,  the  chapel  attached  to 
the  Almshousea  and  tbe  Brideietll 
Gate  are  WOTth  inspection.  The  prin- 
cipal private  reslaenoes  are  situated 
on  high  ground,  beyood  the  shops 


Above  Bar."  The  CotnmoR,  360  acres, 
ies  N.  of  tbe  town,  on  the  Winchester- 
road.  Tbe  Cemet&ry  occupies  15  acres 
of  it,  and  deserves  a  visit.  2  m.  N. 
from  the  town  are  the  scanty  lemaina 
(an  ivy-covered  wait,  witli  a  piscina) 
of  the  Priory  of  St.  Denyi,  a  house 
of  Augustinkn  canons,  founded  by 
Henry  I.  Returning  from  here  to 
Northam  Bridge,  and  crossing  the 
Itchen,  is  Bittern  itfanor,  the  ancient 
Clausentum. 

Eiciwaioiu.— (a)  To  Ide  of  Wight 
(see),  (b)  NetUyAbbey,Sm.S.,iib.wti 
may  be  reaohed  by  water  from  the 
Town  Quay ;  or  by  railway  (Docks 
Stat.),  23  min. ;  or  by  proceeding  to 
Itoben  floating-bridge,  and  uien 
ir  walking  or  takin;:  a  fly  at  the 
Cliff  Hotel  (fare  to  the  Hospital, 
Abbey,  and  back,  5s.).  The  railway 
station  is  at  a  very  inconvenient  dis- 
tance from  the  Abbey ;  the  Hospital 
is  only  about  J  m.  from  the  railway 
station  at  Netley.  The  Abbey  is  open 
eveiT  day  but  Sunday  and  Thursday; 
on  the  latter  day  it  may  be  seen  only 
on  written  application  to  W,  A.  Lonier, 
Bsq.,  IS,  Portland-street,  Southampton. 
It  was  founilod  temp.  Henry  111., 
probably  by  the  King  himself.  UntU 
1860,  these  beautiful  E.-E.  ruins  were 
utterly  neglected ;  since  that  date  they 
have  been  most  carefully  kept  by  tlie 
present  owner,  T,  Chamberlayne,  Esq. 
Admission,  2d.  The  Abbey  garden, 
on  the  E.  of  tho  cloister  coott,  com- 
mands the  best  general  view  of  the 
ruioB.  About  1  m.  8.,  and  j  m.  from 
Netley  Bly.  Stat.,  is  the  Soyal  Vie- 
toria  Ho^ilal,  esfablished  immedi- 
ately after  tbe  Crimean  War.  (c)  To 
Beaulieu  (pron.  Bewley)  Abbey,  Cross 
Southampton  Water  to  Hytht,  2J  m. 
(charge  for  atenmer,  6(1.),  and  proceed 
thence,  by  catriage  or  <m  foot,  5  m. 
Conveyances  may  be  hired  at  Hythe 
( Jnn :  Drnmrnond  Arms).  Beauliau 
may  also  be  reaohed  from  Lyndhwit  or 
BToekenhvrtt  Stats,,  each  distant  about 
7  m.  In  the  village  of  Beanlieu  is  a 
tolerable  /mi.  The  Abbey  (now  tbe 
property  of  tbe  Duke  of  Bucoleuch) 
was  founded  for  Cistercian  monks  by 
Ein°:  John,  circ,  1201.  The  remains 
_of  the   Abbey  are  amaH,  the  great 


SOnTBEND—SOUTBPOBT. 


chnRih  having  beeo  swept  amt;  by 
Benrj  VUL  to  iiiiiiiah  staaea  for 
Hmst  Castle,  Mid  oaly  the  lines  of  its 
fonndation  at«  narked  on  the  grasi. 
The  Abbeygatewavfomui  the  nucleus 
□f  the  mmiBion  of  Lard  Henry  Soott 
On  one  side  of  the  oloistei  wall 
ua  3  anshes  E.E.,  which 
the  Chapter-hoQBe.  On  another  is  the 
Be/eelorf,  now  the  Parith  Ch,,  re- 
uarbable  for  the  Wpit  and  stair  lead- 
ing np  to  it,  an  B.  Bng,  arcade.  On 
tbeSnlside  JBllieold  HoBpitium.  On 
I.  bonk  of  the  Creek,  or  Exe  Rirer, 
near  the  month,  is  ^ibury,  a,  chapelry 
of  Faieley  (here  the  Ch,  has  Norm. 
W.  doorway,  and  tower-arohes,  3  piih 
cinas,  and  a  bagiosoope) ;  and  2  m.  E. 
ia  Xeop,  whore  a  boat  may  be  hired 
(hafgain  beforehand  as  i>  charge; 
23.  6d.  is  a  ftit  snm)  to  the  Isle  of 
mght.  SoMamiibm  Water  is  7 
in  length,  and  in  no  p«it  exoeeds 
in  wiiUh.  Hie  trip  to  Cowea  enables 
the  tomist,  thereiore,  to  get  a  view 
both  banKs.  On  the  B.  we  have 
snooession  Netley  Castle,  Abbey,  and 
Hospital,  with  the  mouth  of  the 
Hamble  Biver  lower  down. 
W.,  Dibdm  Bay  and  Ch.,  EyOte,  and 
CadJanA  Parle,  at  the  parish  of  Fawley, 
and  2  m.  below,  on  tiie  very  point  of 
a  projectiug  b^  of  shingle,  Calahat 
Caetle,  date  temp.  Henry  Vin.,  now 
oocnpied  by  the  coast-guard. 

DitUmcet  (by  rail).  —  Winchester, 
12  m. :  Salisbury,  23  n. ;  Weymauth, 
ei  ta.i  Oxgtai,  m  m.;  Chioheeter, 
43  m. 

SourcRBOBODSB,  Bee  TunbridgeWelU. 

South  Bbent,  see  JDartmoor. 

SouTB  Cbbnet,  gee  Cirence^er. 

Southend  (Essex) ->(Jriu. - 
Boyal  Hotel,  on  the  Terrace ;  "' ' 
■)  reached  by  at 
Pier,  ot  by  r(_  .. 
>r  Fenehuroh-Btreet), 
by  which  the  journey  is  made  in  about 
2  hrs.  It  is  a  quiet  and  eioeedingly 
healthy  watering-plaoe,  ftequeoted  in 
smmner  ty  a  fewlondoaers.but  chiefly 
by  tlie  Inbabitants  of  the  inland  parts 


Itoc 


tsoFa. 


BtretohingalongtheN.bankoftheestn- 
aiv  of  the  Thames—hen  thoronghly 
BMi— and  opposite  to  Sheerneas  and  the 


t  the  W. 

_,,  _pon  a  bank  or  o 

above  the  water,  ia  the  Terraee,  i 
pned  ohiefly  of  the  best  ludging-lionBee 
m  the  place.  The  slope  from  it  down 
to  the  waterside  is  planted  as  a 
shmbbery,  and  forms  a  pleasant  walk. 
There  ia  a  wooden  Pier,  \\  m.  long, 
by  which  passengers  by  water  are 
landed.  The  coast  here  is  Teiy  shal- 
low, and  the  tide  retires  nearly  a  mile 
from  the  shore  at  low  water.  On  the 
beach  are  bathing-machines.  On  the 
Teiraceand  at  the  Ship  Inn  are  Bott*, 
a  Library,  and  Ratding-ro 

PrUa 

thence  (about  1}  m.)  by  fl^ld  walk  to 
the  CA.  of  SouihekuTch.  Abont  1  m. 
from  Frittlenell  Ch.  are  some  reimajiw 
of  PrfBfeioeM  Priors. 

BtUOeigh  Ca^Je  and  Chnrch  (6  m.) 
may  be  visited  bom  Southend-  The 
site  of  the  min  of  the  castle  (date 
1231)  is  very  flne,  and  ctHiuiMnds  a 
view  of  the  Kent  hills,  the  Nore,  and 
the  N.  Foreland,  looking  many  ndles 
ea.  The  niin  is  pirtureeqae,  and 
the  N.  is  closed  in  by  broken 
ground  covered  with  brushwood  and 
coppice.  S.,  the  ground  slopev  to  the 
low  shore  al  Canvey  Island,  beyond 
~hioh  is  the  Thames. 

At  Shof^mrynaa,  3  m.  from  iJontli- 
end  along  the  shore,  are  the  works  of 
the  Roj3  Artillery,   with  their  ar- 
rangements for  experiments  in  defence 
and  attack.    Excellent  banacka  have 
been  built,  and  there  Is  n  larKS  tn^ 
ing-ground   nnder    cover.     A.    large 
number  of  artillerymen    are  always 
stationed  here,  and  young   arHUeiy 
ofBoers  go  through  oertain  contMa  u 
instruction.   The  targets  are  ainaiged 
within  the  line  of  the  shore-dyke,  and 
planted  in  the  sands  at  vanona  dis- 
tances, from  1000  to  7000  yds.    The 
best  place  for  seeing  the  practice  at 
the  targets  ia  from  the  shore  below  the 
'  huts''  at  the  end  of  the  bairaoks. 
South  Hahjno,  see  PmtmtmUh, 
South     Hinksby,      see      Oxford 
Biours.). 
SocTQiLii,  see  Shefford. 
SouTHOTES,  see  Laeei. 
Ho.uttaport  (Iaqcb.),  Stui, 


SOUTHWELL— STAKFOBD. 


Lano.  &  YoAb.  BI;. 


}  m.  from 


from  Liverpool  (17|  m.),  Wig&n,  and 
MaDoAeBter.  Innt:  "Victoria;  Prinoe 
of  Walea ;  Koyal ;  Scmiebrick  Arms : 
Qii«en'«.  aIbo  nnmerons  lodging' 
hoiiaM.  This  town  oontinuee  rapidlj 
to  iocreaBe,  and  ia  now  one  of  the  most 
popalar  watering-placee  on  the  N.W. 
coast  AUtbeyearrunnditbtliroDged 
with  visitors  —  during  the  aummer 
principally  from  tlie  neighbouring 
luBDO&oturuig  t«wnB  and  from  York- 
abire.  There  are  Bome  fine  modem 
bnildings.  There  are  ezcellent  publi< 
liaths,  a  winter  garden,  concert  hall, 
and  aquarium.  The  Pier  extends  al' 
moit  a  mUe  into  the  «ea.  like  Blaok- 
pool,  it  has  a  fiue  promenade  and 
l>road  eiponee  of  shore,  and  the  air  ia 
BO  mild  as  to  have  obtained  for  it 
the  name  of  the  Engliati  Montpellier, 
The  nmueroua  sandhiUs  which  snr- 
ronnd  tho  town  cootun  over  700 
species  of  native  plants,  and  theae, 
together  with  the  many  varieties  of 
ahella,  rare  lizards,  and  hatterfliea, 
aSbrd  an  intereetiDg  field  for  the 
natiualist.  Steamers  daily 
thum,  abont  7  m.  aciaaa  the  estnaiy  of 
the  Bibble,  and  to  Blackpool,  about 
the  same  diatance  beyond.  Pleasure 
yachts,  luling,  and  rowing-boats  for 

At  Birkdale,  a  suburb  of  Sontbporl. 
Is  a  good  hotel — the  Palace  Hotel-- 
overkKiking  the  iea.  An  omuibos 
tramway  runs  to  CAureAtoirB  Botaniad 
Cronfeiu,  2  m.  N.,  and  to  the  Alex- 
andra GardeBl,  2  m.  E. 
.  B0UTH8BA,  see  ForUmouiii. 
iSoutliwell  (Notts.).  Stat, 
Hidl.  Rly.  Inn .-  Saracen's  Head  H., 
old-fashioned,  where  Charles  I.  gave 
himself  up  to  the  Oommiasionera.  The 
town  is  pretty,  and  interesting  on 
Bccoont  of  its  noble  Mimter  (now 
Cathedral),  which  is  cruciform,  with  a 
oenlral  and  2  W.  towers.  Tlie  central 
tower,  nave,  and  transept  are  Norm. ; 
and  the  S.  Foreh  has  a  fine  Norm. 
doorway.  The  H,  Trantept  is  of  3 
atagee,  lighted  by  oircnlar-beaded 
windows,  with  dog-tooth  and  billet 
mouldings,  and  the  gable-end  has  a 
o|uio«8  pattern  in  relievo,    Notice  the  \ 


interlacing  Anada  of  the  nave;  the 
flue  circular  piers,  separating  nave 
liom  aisles ;  the  Senen,  wliich  ia  of 
exquisite  beauty  (early  part  of  141h 
cent);  the  E.-E.  Cftoir,  with  ita 
small  tranaept;  and  the  K  Dec.  Chap' 
ter-hoatt,  with  its  window  tracery ; 
Momtment  within  the  altar-rails  to 
Abp.  Sandys  (oSgy),  1588.  C3oBe  to 
the  Minster  are  the  mina  of  the  PaXaee 
of  the  Abps.  of  York, — Dec.,  with  Perp. 
alterations,  especialiy  in  tbe  Oreplaces 
and  cliinmeya.  Southwell  Miuatet 
originally  founded  by  Paulinns, 


_.     .._  .    .1  toBuf- 

Abbey,  Thoresby  Park,  ord 
Clumber  Park  (see  OUerUm).  To 
Thu/garton  Priory  (12th  cent),  3  m. 
"  W.    There  is  good  tront-flshing  in 

le  rivers  Trent  and  Greet — the  former 

ee,  the  latter  by  permiseion  of  the 
landowners. 

SouTHWOLD,  see  LomOoft. 

South  Wkaxall,  see  MeOtAam. 

SpABsaoi/F,  see  Wantage. 

Spaxton,  see  Sridgmiter. 

Spindlbston  HTLLa,aeeBamboToagk, 

Sftttal,  see  Berutidt. 

lilpondon  (Derby.),  Stat,  Hidl. 
Bly.  4  m.  N.E.  are  the  ruins  of  DaU 
Abbey,  13th  cent  The  E.  window  ia 
tbe  principei  remain  ;  some  of  the 
oilier  wiudows  have  been  removed  to 
Morley  Church  (*  m.  N.E.  of  Derby), 
~'here  they  may  now  be  seen.  Tho 
%.  ia  curious,  and  has  a  font  with 
soulptnre  of  Virgin  and  Cliild.  It 
was  mcorpomted  with  the  ancient  pil- 
grims' inn.  Prom  hence  tho  tourist 
may  return  by  OctArook,  where  there 
is  a  Mraaviau  settlement,  and  some 
good  stained  glass  in  the  E,  window 
of  the  ch. 


Htafford  (StafTg.),  Jnnc.  Stat,. 
L,  &  N.  W.  Bly.,  133i  m.  from  London. 
E.  to  Uttaeter,  13i  m. ;  W.  to  New- 
port and  Shtewabuiy,  29  m.;  N.  to 
Crewe,  24}  m. ;  S.  to  Wolverhamptim 
and  Birmingham,  29  m. ;  B.E.  to  Bugo- 
leyBndLichQeld,16m.  Jnns.'Noitli- 
Western  Hotel,  a4)oiiiing  the  station ; 


STAFFOSD—aTAMFOBD. 


Bwan  Hotel ;  Vme.  In  tbn  town 
are  several  BQOieDttiiDberhoiuee,  not- 
ablj-  "Nofth'a  Ark,"  in  Crabberj-iitreet, 
subetautially  aiudtered  sinoe  Oiq  15th 
cent.  Besides  3  modem  chuiohea, 
there  are  2  aooient  ooea  of  much  in- 
terost.  8t,  Marifi,  onoe  oollegiate,  iras 
DBtabliahed  by  King  John.  It  is  a 
very  fine  orooifonn  ch.,  of  Trani-Nonn., 
E.-E.,  and  Dec  architecture,  and  baa 
been  restored  by  SeoU.  The  nave  is 
Trana-Norm.  (oirc.  1180);  theS.tran- 
eept  and  chancel  aru  E,  E. ;  the  N. 
transept  Dec.  The  fine  B.  windov  ia 
a  memorial  of  the  lata  Earl  Talbot 
(d.  1S49).  Notice,  amoog  otlier  monn- 
Dieala,  one  in  the  N.  transept  to  Sir 
Kdw.  and  Jane,  Lady  Aaton,  of  Tixall, 
with  alabestei  effigies.  The  font  ia 
temp.  Henry  II.;  on  the  rim  ia  an 
inaoription  in  Lombaidic  characters. 
St.  Chad't—hvA  a  ftdgment  of  the  ori- 
ginal edi&oe— dates  bom  the  time  of 
StepheD.  By  a  partial  restoration, 
some  beautinil  Romanesque  arcades 
and  thochancol-arch  have  been  brought 
to  light.  Id  tbe  Shire  Hall,  in  Market- 
square,  is  temporarily  deposited  a  Tery 
valuable  collection  of  books  and  MSS. , 
the  gift  of  the  widow  of  Mr.  Salt,  the 
aniiqoary.  Izaak  Walton  ('  Gomptele 
Angler ')  was  bom  in  the  town,  1593. 
A  pleaaant  walk  of  I )  m.  on  the  New- 
port road  leads  to  Stafford  CosUa,  an 
unflniflLed  ©diflce.  It  occupies  the 
aite  (which  commands  a  ma^ificent 
view  of  tbe  Welsh  hiUs)  of  the  former 
atroughold,  and  was  erected  by  Sir 
Geo.  Jemingham,  181D-1S.  The  in- 
terior is  well  worth  aedng  for  the 
antique  tapestry,  &c.,  contained  in  it. 
At  the  foot  of  the  bill  1b  the  pretty 
little  Norm.  Ch.  of  CailU  ChitTBh 
(reatored  by  Seolt).  Stone  (sse)  and 
TreTttham  (see)  are  within  eaa?  dis- 
tanoe  N.,  either  by  road  or  rail.  At 
5j  tli.,onUle  railway  line  toCtloieter, 
is  Ingestre  (Stat.),  where  the  Earl 
of  SbJBwsbury  has  a  beantiful  seat, 
Ingetlre  Park.  In  the  Cb.  ia  a  mag- 
nitcent  moaumeut,  erected  ISTS^to 
the  late  Earl  of  Shrewsbury, 
ueit  atatiou  beyond  is  Sioae,  where 
the  Ch,  (of  various  dales)  W  good 
Norm,  cbaucel  -  arch  and  canopied 
tomb  fot  tlie  let  Viscount  Her^ord 


a  1558)  and  his  2  wiTes.  A  abort 
taoce  N.  we  Chartley  Cattle  (In 
mins)  and  HaU  (Earl  Ferrers).  In 
tbe  latter  Harj  Queen  of  Scots  waa 
confined  for  some  time,  and  her  room 


atm    : 

Btafford  ia  Santoa  (Gate  Inn),  and 
1  m.  W.  of  the  village  the  mina  of 
Santon  Abbey,  founded  by  Bobert 
Fitz-Noel,  temp.  Henry  II.,  for  An- 
gnstinion  canons.  They  consist  of 
a,  toner,  with  a  fine  S-Iight  Perp. 
window,  the  outer  walls  of  the  church, 
which  are  extremely  low,  and  a  siuatl 
portion  of  the  cloisters.  The  modem 
mansion  is  oocasioaalty  occupied  by 
the  Earl  of  Lichfield. 

Sngdeu  (ShrewsEniry  Arms  Hotel) 

9  m.  B.E.,  and  a  station  and  juno- 
in  (1  m.  from  the  town,  to  which 
anibuses  run)  on  the  Walsall  and 
Stafford  branch  of  the  L.  *  N.  W. 
celebrated  for  its  horse- 
1  the  Ist  of  June.  3  m. 
from  Bugeley,  and  6  m.  from  Stafford, 
ia  the  pretty  villE^e  of  Coltneh.  The 
CI',  has  interesting  monuments  to  the 
AnaoD  and  Wolseley  ^imiliea.  ShuQ- 
borough  (Earl  of  Lichfield)  ia  li  m. 
from  Colwich  SlaL 

Stainhrof,  see  Baraard  CatUe. 

Mtalnes  (Middlesex),  Stat.,  L.  k 
S.  W.  Bly.,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Windsor  and  the  Wokingham  and 
Beading  branches.  Jmu:  Angel  and 
Crown  H.,  High-atreot;  Swan,  on  rt. 
bank  of  tlie  Ttaames,  good  boating 
inn ;  Railway,  by  the  station. 

The  town  atands  on  the  I.  bonk  of 
the  Thames  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Colne,  17  m.  fnnn  London.  Just  above 
it,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  atands  tbe 
London  Stone  (date  1280),  marfeiag 
the  boundary  of  Middlesex  and  Buoks. 

After  London  Bridge,  that  of  Staines 
was  one  of  tbe  earliest  which  croeaed 
tJLO  Thames.  The  present  handsome 
granite  structure  was  conatructed  by 
Mr.  Qeorge  Bennie,  and  opened  with 
much  ceremony  by  William  IV,  and 
Qaeeu  Adelaide  in  1632. 

Staitues,  aee  Whitby. 

Stalbtomdoe,    see    Aihton-Httder- 

Stamford  (Lincoln.).  Stat^ 
92}  m,  from  King'a-cioBs,  O.  N.  fil;,. 


STAMFOBD^BTANEOPE. 


409 


and  124  m,  fram  Enslon-Bqiisre  ter- 
miuaa,  L.  &  N.  W.  Elj, ;  abt,  }  hr,  by 
rail  from  FelorboHi',  and  same  diatanco 
from  Wanaford  (Bibson)  Stat,  of  L,  & 
N.  W.  Kly.  JntM.-  'George;  "The 
Hotel,"  St.  Jffiary'B-Btreet ;  Slauiford 
Armi.  An  aooient  borough  town, 
pleasantly  Bituated  on  the  banka  of 
the  navigable  riTer  WellaJid.  It  ia 
mentioned  by  Bade  as  the  place  where 
Hengist  ft»t  touted  the  Plots,  and  it 
was  a  stronghold  of  the  Danee,  who 
made  it  one  of  their  Five  "  Burghs." 
There  are  3  lutudBome  ohuioheB  in 
addition  to  that  of  St.  Martin's,  in  the 
High-street  of  the  adjoining  parish 
of  Stamford-Biiron.  In  this  church 
(Perp.)  are  highly  interesting  monn- 
monla  to  the  Cecil  family,  including 
the  gteat  Lord  Treasurer  Burghley 
rdied  1598),  whose  ancient  mansion, 
Bmghley  House,  1}  m.  B.  of  Stamford, 
is  now  the  seat  <^  the  Marqais  of 
Eieter.  In  the  ch.-yard  is  the  grave 
of  Daniel  Lambert,  d.  1809,  aged  39, 
who  measured  9  ft,  4  in.  in  girth,  and 
weighed  730  lbs. 

On  the  I.incolnsh.  or  N.  aide  of  the 
Welland  are  (a)  St  Marv'i  Ch.  with 
E.  E.  lower  and  beautiful  broach  spire 
—the  hitter  added  circ.  l.SOO.  (6>  AU 
SainU  (rcBld.  1857),  mainly  E.  E.  At 
W.  end  of  S.  aiale  is  a  very  beautiful 
recessed  porch,  early  Perp,  The  ei- 
treme  irregularity  of  the  gromid-plaD 
of  the  Ch.  is  remarkable.  There  is 
throughout  hardly  a  right  angle,  or 
one  lino  parallel  to  another,  (o)  SL 
Georges,  originftlly  E.  E.,  was  almost 
destroyed  by  the  in  14th  cent.  On  N. 
side  of  cliancel  notice  mont,  of  Sir 
Rich,  and  Lady  Oust,  with  statue  by 
Bacon,  1797. 

The  remains  of  St,  Leonard's  Bene- 
dictine I^ory,  founded  7th  cent,  by 
WiUred,  Bp.  of  York  ;  the  W,  gate  of 
Hen.  Ill's  White  Fiiary  at  the  Btam- 
focd  and  Rutland  Infirmary;  and  s 
13Ui-ceat.  gateway  on  8.  side  of  St. 
Paol's-street,  ate  worth  inspection. 

Bwghley  Himst,  1  mile  from  the 
Fuk  gate  which  is  close  lo  St,  Martin's 
Ch.,  ia  of  great  historical  interest,  and 
is  one  of  the  beet  examples  of  Englieh 
Henaissancc,  It  contains  a  largo  and 
important  collection  of  pictiires,  and 


!b  <q>en  (apply  at  the  porter's  lodge)  to 
visitors  daily  (Thursdays  and  thu  last 
fortnight  in  Lent  excepted),  from  11 
-  ■  '  -js.  Attendants  aie  entitled 
not  less  than  1«.  from  eacli 
visitor.  In  addition  to  the  pictures, 
many  of  which  aro  of  the  highest  in- 
terest, are  some  fine  earrings  by  Orin- 
ling  Gibbons,  In  the  Chapel,  notice 
picture  by  Paul  Tmwiene,  and  the 
"  Passage  of  the  Israelites  through 


Kneller,  Lely,  and  others,  and  oi 

Uy  interesting)  of  Fesrio,  byhim- 
In  Quten  Elhaheth'i  bedroom 
(the  Queen  never  was  at  Burgbley) 
notice  tho  "Agony  in  the  Garden  "  by 
JJoMuno.  The  nest,  or  Pa^oda-room, 
is  one  of  the  most  ioteiestmg  in  the 
house,  from  the  series  of  portraits  it 
contains.  The  visitor  after  being  con- 
ducted through  several  other  rooms, 
which  contain  valuable  pdn  tings, 
,  S:c,,  will  reach  the  Great  Slair- 
case— paintings  on  ceiling  and  Walla  by 
Ferrio  and  Siothard — and  the  Great 
BcUl,  the  best  feature  of  which  is  the 
open  roof. 

Races  are  run  in  July  at  Wittering, 
situated  a  little  way  out  of  the  town. 
The   Ch.   here  is  interesting  for  the 
extent  of  its  Saxon  remains.    At  Eiemi- 
dine,  4  m.  N,,  is  a  small  and  very 
ancient  Ch.     It  has  an  old  Norman 
gateway  S.,  and  a  gable  for  2  bells. 
The  Ch„  13th  cent.,  at  Kettoa,  3  m. 
S.W.,  is  also  interesting.    BanuKk  Ch. 
(4  m.  and  10  mins.  by  rly.)  is  opo  of 
themoEtremarkable  in  England.  The 
lower  part  of  the  tower  is  in  the  old 
Saxon  styUj  and  is  believed  to  be  the 
earliest  apecmicn  of  stone  orchitecturo 
in  the  kingdom.    The  nave  ia  trans, 
from  Korm,  to  E.  E. ;  the  beautiful  S. 
porch  E.  E. ;  and  the  chancel  Deo. 
Stamkibd  BBmoE,  sec  Yorli. 
StahFORDHAU,  SCO  Beliag. 
Stahaqb  Pole,  see  Sheffield. 
STANniBH,  see  Wigan. 
Stantlake,  see  Oxford  (Excors.). 
STAKDBiDaE,  Bee  Somaey. 
fittMnllOpe  (Durham).    Stat.  IJ 
hr.  by  rail  from  Durham,  2  hrs.  from 
Newonatle,   1  hr,  20  min.  from  Dar- 
lington.    Intl.-  Ph(onix.     The  town 


410 


STANHOPE— STAyUOBE. 


and  oelghbonrbood  are  noted  tor  lead- 
minw,  wbtdb  give  employment  to  very 
many  of  tlie  inhalutaD^.  S.  of  the 
3failiet-pl&oe  ia  the  Cattle,  e,  modem 
castellated  maiisioii,  the  property  and 
mmmerresideDoeuf  Henry  Pease,  Esq, 
late  M.P.  for  South  Duihiim.  N.,  sur- 
ronnded  by  belt  of  elma  and  sycamores, 
ie  tho  Ch.  of  St.  Thoma»,  with  Log- 
backed  roof,  and  chiefly  Norm.  The 
open  baliutraded  oak  leats  are  eiuious. 
Id  E.  window  an  tome  misplaced 
tegmenls  of  BDcient  glass.  The  chan- 
cel has  scHne  stall-woik,  temp-  Ohas. 
IL,  and  amioiis  oarvlngs  of  Adun  and 
Eve,  &a. ;  the  (modem)  font  is  a  ftno 
spedmen  of  Stanhope  marble, 

£ictir««M«.— A  drive  may  be  taken 
W.,  Sm.,  to  St.  Jokn't  Weaidtda  and 
joAn't  CkapU,  pawnng  at  2  m,  So 
hope  Bum.  To  the  very  interesting  re- 
mains at  BlanMand,  9  n.  1^  a  wild 
drive  over  the  moors.    (See  Hex?iam.) 

1  in.  S.W.  of  Btanohlaod,  in  ch.-yard 
of  Hunttanicortk,  U  a  very  extraordi- 
nary arciied  vanit,  45  ft.  by  25  ft., 
turfed  uvBi,  probably  used  as  a  hiding 
place  for  cattle,  Ao.,  in  the  8cottiBE 
laidi.  To  MuggUtiMdi,  9  m.  N.E. 
wliere  ara  pictiueaque  frt^mentar;  re 
mains  of  the  ancient  hnnting-palao 
of  the  Priors  of  Durham.  In  Ch.  of 
St.   Edmund  of  Edmoniffri/er;  abont 

2  m.  iiom  ^ther  BUnohland  or  Hug- 

Criok,  the  aneient  atone  altar  has 
disoarered.  To  Bishop  Anekland 
ti;  rail,  50  min.;  Barnard  Ooatle, 
l}hT- 

tttnnmwre,  Stanmore  Magna, 
or  Grtai  Stanmore  (Middlesex),  is  on 
the  road  to  Watfoid,  2  m,  N.W.  from 
the  Edgwaie  Stat,  of  the  O.  N-  Rly., 
2}  m.  E.  from  the  Pinner  Stat-,  and  a 
little  farther  from  the  Harrow  Stat,  of 
the  L.  &  N.W.  Ely.  Inn»:  Crown 
Vine ;  Aberoom  Arnu- 

On  one  side  of  the  village  the  Heath 
affords  many  pretty  bits  of  wild  wood- 
land, and  on  the  oUier  Stanmoie  Uom- 
mon  is  still  a  broad  open  space,  glorions 
with  gorse  and  heather,  and  overlook- 
ing a  wide  extent  of  country. 

Bmiiieji  Priory,  the  fine  seat  of  Sir 
John  Eelk,  Bart.,  ia  to  the  N.  of 
Stanmore  Ch.     Gardens  on  view. 

StunmoT*  Park,  the  seat  of  Lord 


Wolverion,  lies  to  the  S.  of  I 
Priory  and  Stanmore  Ch.  At  Uia 
8.W,  extremity,  approached  by  a  good 
avenne,  ia  the  MaiaU,  with  a  atmuner- 
house  on  the  anmmlt,  fkmed  for   its 


StatHoore  Farva,  LiUU  Slawnore, 
or  WhOrAurek.  lies  1  m.  8.E.  of  Great 
Stanmore,  and  i  m.  W-  of  Edgware- 

CaTumi  (Mrs.  Begg)  is  a  ne&t  atone 
mansion,  standing  in  a  moderate  sized 
park.  It  is  the  site  of  the  large  and 
ooatly  mansion  of  James  Brydes,  Esq., 
Paymaster  of  the  Forces  in  the  reign 
of  Anne,  created  Visoount  Wilton  and 
Earl  of  Carnarvon  in  lTll,and  Duke  of 
ChandoB  in  1729.  The  building  ia  de- 
scribed as  having  been  of  great  sizti 
and  mt^iScenoe,  and  the  "grand 
apartments  finely  adorned  with  paint- 
ings, sculpture,  and  furniture."  Tlio 
entire  cost  is  stated  to  have  been 
250,000;.  to.  300,0001.  On  the  Duke's 
death  the  whole  was  eald  by  auction, 
the  building  bringing  only  11,0001. 

The  Church  (St.  Lawrence],  of  old 
famous  as  the  Chapel  of  Canons, 
is  the  ohief  object  of  interest  to  the 
visitar.  There  was  a  private  ohapd 
at  Canons,  but  the  Grand  Duke  came 
in  state  on  Sundays  to  the  pnblic  ser- 
vioe  in  the  parish  ohuroh.  Ha  pulled 
down  the  body  of  the  church  (then 
called  Whitchurch),  and  taised  the 
present  structure  in  its  place  ^715- 
20).  The  building  is  oompaistively 
plain  outside,  but  within,  stately, 
pompous,  and  uncommon.  Walls  and 
ceiling  are  alike  resplendent  with 
"witings  and  carved  wmk.  At  the 
'.  end  is  the  Chandos  galloy. 

The  Organ  ia  interesting  as  being 
that  on  which  Handel  played:  an  in- 
Bcriptlon  on  it  states  that "  Handel  was 
organic  of  this  church  &om  the  year 
1718  to  1721,  and  composed  the  orato- 
rio of '  Esther*  on  this  organ."  Handel 
was  chapel-master  to  the  Duke  of 
Ohandoa,  and  not  only  played  on  the 
organ,  but  OMnpoeed  some  20  anthemt 

(hi  the  N.  dde  of  the  cburdi,  and  en- 
tered from  it,  is  the  Ohuidos  Chapel, 
or  Monument  Boom,  in  which  the 
Duke  of  Ohandoa  is  buried. 

SrAKaiBAU,  see  ChiehMier. 


STEYHISa—8T0GKTON-OS-TEES. 


Stantom,  see  BotMlay. 
Stanton    Habooubt,    see  Oxford 
(Gxonn.). 
8TAm«N   St.  John's,   aee    Oxford 

Stanwat,  aae  Wneieomie. 

Stanwo,  Bee  drlitk. 

BTABCBOsa,  Bee  DawWih. 

Start,  Tm,  see  l>ar((noitA. 

BTAinrrDK,  see  CoUford,  MonmoiUh, 
end  TTye. 

STAonxm  Habold,  see  Atihy-de-Ia- 
Zouch  and  Melbourne, 

Staunton  Laoet,  see  LwSoui. 

Stawasd-lb-Pebi^  see  Bexham. 

S-naaasa,  see  Domune,  6t, 

Stebtle  Ashton,  see  Trox^nidge. 

Stkwsixy,  see  Leighlon  Btaatrd. 

Steynlnir  (Susbsi),  Stat.  L.  B. 
&  S.  C.  Bly.  Inn.'  White  Horse. 
Tliia  is  ft  plaoe  of  ^eat  autiquify.  The 
Church  (reetoted)  in  now  the  main  in- 
terest of  the  place.  It  was  originally 
fbaoded  by  St  Cuthuuui,  bat  the  pie- 
seot  Oh.  ia  no  doabt  the  work  of  the 
F&amp  BenedioUnes.  It  is  of  two 
periods ;  the  greateipart  of  the  later 
period,  oiro,  T  ISO.  The  pier  aichea  of 
thenav  .  ..     - 

(^theli „_ 

of  the  woodwork  and  window  mulli<ms 
arohitectural  iaatareBof  the  15th,  16th, 
and  ITth  cents.  The  old  gabled  bmise 
in  Chnroh-street,  called  £e 
hood  Hall,"  was  founded  in  1614  for 
!s  of  a  Grammai'  School. 
r  (Bev.  John  Oorin^), 


ivy-clad  C 
wall  S.  It  is  Norm.,  but  the  nave  and 
tower  only  remain,  the  chancel  and 
transepts  having  been  demolished. 


tbepurpoeec 
WUlon  JU 
li  m.  N.W.  of  Sleyning,  beddee  its 
historical  interest,  commands  views  of 
^ti«me  beauty.  The  honse  is  Eliza- 
bethan, but  has  been  greatly  altered. 
The  Dec.  Church  oontaona  some  inte- 
resting monumente. 

At  Bramber  (Stat.),  |  m.,  are 
remains  of  an  ancient  oastle.  It 
ginally  formed  an  irregolar  paraUelo- 
giBta  560  ft.  by  270  ft,  surrounded  by 
a  strong  wall,  of  which  much  is  left, 
and  encircled  by  a  deep  moat  now  filled 
with  trees.  The  mined  gateway  tower 
still  remaina,  as  well  as  a  soUta^ 
fragment  of  a  Lofty  batbloan  tower. 
The  view  bom  the  keep  moond  is  very 
striking,  and  the  beet  riew  of  the  mins 
Is  obtaued  from  the  footpath  between 
tberailna^stationandBteyni)^.  The| 


Htnfidd  (Stat  4  m.)  is  a  [ootiiTesqiie 
village  on  an  eminenoe,  vhere  will  be 
found  some  good  specimens  of  old 
Sussex  cottages. 

Sticklefath,  see  Dartmoor. 

&rocsFOBT,  Bee  MaalKifield. 

9tockton-on-X«eH  (Dui- 
haml  Stat,  1  hr.  10  min.  by  rail  from 
Durham,  and  i  hr.  iiom  Darlington. 
Innt !  Black  Lion  H. ;  Hunter's  H, ; 
Talbot:  the  Queen's;  Ai^C.  The 
chief  feature  of  the  town  ia  tbe  High- 
itreet,  said  to  be  the  vridest  in  Eng- 
land. In  the  centre  is  tbe  Town 
Hnus^  a  foreign -looking  bnilding,  with 
clock  tower.  Beyond  this  is  a  Bridge 
of  5  arohes,  joining  tbe  town  with 
South  Stockton  on  rt.  bank  of  tbe  Tees. 

Exeurtiimt. — Aboat  3  m.  W.  is  ^ion 
Ch.,  and  2  m.  W.  of  this  Xon^  NeaUm 
Ch.,  on  the  road  to  Darlington  (which 
see).  To  Middlettm-oTieSmii,  DintdaU, 
and  So«^^m«,  by  taking  rail  (15  min.) 
to  Middleton  Stat  (see  Darlington), 
By  taking  rail  (ISmm.)  to  Yarm  Stat., 
may  be  visited  JliraleMWs,  }m  "   -" 


Cleveland  mils.    The  Cfc.  o/ «. /oftn 
the  BapiStl  has,  in  tbe  porch  oalled 

Fembc^n's,  a  flgnre  of  a  Euigbt  in 
chain  armour ;  also  suspended  on  the 
wall  is  the  old  chain  to  which  the 
Bible  nsed  to  be  att&ched.  Anancieut 
bridge  of  5  pointed  arches  here  arosses 
Tees  to  Yarm  in  Yorkshire.  To  Btd- 
mar»hal  and  Bithojiitn.  About  1  m. 
N.W.,  at  BedmaTthai.  is  the  Ch,  of  St. 
CuHiiert,  which  has  Norm,  chancel 
arch,  3  Peip.  sedilia,  and  in  S.  tran- 
sept, called  ClaitoQ's  porch,  a  fine 
Blabaster  altar-tamfa,  with  tnntilated 
effigies  of  J.  I.angton  and  his  wife. 
farther  W.  is  Biihoptoa,  with 
OBS  and  strange  artificial  mound 
(13}  ft,  high),  surrounded  by  a  doable 
trench  known  as  the  Cattle  Bill.  Re- 
tnrn  by  rail  (15  min,)  from  Carlton 
Stat.,  i  m.  M,  of  BedmanbaL  To 
Wymard,  Sedgefield,  &o.,  take  rail 
(7  mto.)  to  Norton  Juno. ;  2  a.  N.  of 
which  is  Wi/nyard  (Slarquis  of  Ifiu- 


BTOCKTON-ON-TEES-STODBBBIDGE. 


dondfliry),  a  laige  Grecian  maoBion 
(lebnilt  18tl)on  edgeof  artifioialltike, 
in  a  park  of  2500  acres.  It  is  entered 
hy  a  magniflcent  Corinthian  portii 


marble  bases,  having  copies  from 
the  Vatican,  Ao.  Tbe  cniqjel  has 
Btaiued  glass  wiudoiTB,  by  W^es. 
The  most  temBrbabte  feature  ii  the 
"Memorial  Boom,"  40  ft.  bj  2G  ft., 
whicli  has  20  tnarbie  pilasters  (Co- 
rinthian), adjoining  the  luaiudon  on 
N,W^  which  contains  relies  of  the  late 
Marquis.  An  obelisk  in  park  comme- 
mnrates  the  Tisit  of  the  Dnke  of  Wel- 
lington in  1827.  The  excursion  may 
be  ooQtinned  about  5  m.  fbrtbei'  to 
Sedgejield  and  Hanheieke  Hall  (see 
liorliiwton), returning  bymil  (40  min.) 
ftom  Bradbury  Stat..  2  m.  W.  of 
Bedgefleld  ;  to  flillitigham,  abont  3  m. 
N.  by  road,  passing  at  3  m.  Norton 
Ch, :  or  10  min.  by  rail,  i  us.  rt.  from 
the  station  is  the  yiJlage  of  BilUng- 
Aom,  at  W.  extremity  of  which  the 
Churck  of  St.  Cvthhert  (under  restora- 
tion 187t)X  oriKinallj  founded  860,  de- 


belfry  windows  like  those  of  Wear- 
mouth  ;  the  battlement  is  modern ;  the 
walls  of  nave  are  of  same  date,  bat 
the  columns  and  arches  are  E.  E,,  of 
about  1260;  tha  chancel  has  been 
built  in  E.-E.  si^le ;  the  E.-E.  font  1 
tall  richly  carved  Elizabethan  co\ 
there  are  throe  brasses,  and  on  tliro 
old  of  S.  door,  a  slab  insciibed  with 
Bsxon  characters.    In  8.  side  of  chan- 
cel is  a  reonmbent  figure  iu  armour, 
with  rich  canopy.   Greatham  Hospiial, 
3  m.  further,  and  Seaion,  2  m.  beyond 
this,  a  small  bathing-place,  may  also 
be  visited  by  rail  (see  HartfenooQ. 

Diilanees. —  Hartlepool,  45  mitt. 
Middlesboroagb,  10  min. ;  Bedcar,  3 
min. :  Sahboni,  4S  min. 

Btoovhbeb,  see  Taunton. 

8tokb  (Suffolk),  see  Clare. 

Btoei:  Flemiho,  see  Darittumth. 

Stoeb-bt-Natlahp,  see  EadlMgh. 

S'TOEE  Nectah',  see  Bide/ord. 

Stoke  Poobs,  see  Slough. 

Btokb  Prioh,  see  Worceii^. 

Btosssat,  aea  Craeen  Armt, 


Stoeeslet,  see  WkUbg. 
Stoed-bcb-Hahdon,  see  YeovH 
MtoUe-upon-Trent 

(Staff.),  Stat.  N.  Staff.  Ely.,  whence 
several  lines  radiate.  JTnn :  "Railway 
Hotel,  Notice  bronze  slotae  of  Wedg- 
wood in  front  of  the  Hotel.  Stoke  is  a 
dirty  straggling  town  and  the  metro- 
'"'■"  of  the  Pottery  District.  Not  fer 
the  station  are  the  Shoaroam*  cit 
tbe  Mintons  and  the  Copelande,  where 
the  most  eiquiaite  specimens  of  the 
ramie  art  are  displayed.  Opentoall 

Exaireioat.—l  m.  N.  to  EaritkiH, 
where  is  a  beautiful  Gothic  Ck. ;  nim 

e  new 'S.  Staffordshire  Infirmary. 

Stohiwh  Masset,  see  Ghipfiag 
Oagar. 

Mtone  (StafE>-Stat  N.  Stait 
Kly,,  June,  with  Btoke  line  (Titn: 
Crown) — is  a  brisk  little  town  depend- 
ent on  breweries.  The  Ck.  contoioa  a 
bust  by  ClMnireij,  to  Earl  St.  Tiocent, 
and  the  cb.-yd.  on  altoi-tomb  to  Sir  T. 
Crompton  and  wife.  Excunion. — 
Pretty  walk,  4  m..  to  Trentham  (seel 
passing  Tittenmr  Sealh,  with  magnifi- 
cent view  from  Monument  HilL 

BtombhEsGB,  see  SaUnbury. 

fiiosELEias,  see  Coventry. 

Stoney  Ckosb,  see  Ljfndhurtt. 
Htoner  niddleton  (Derby.) 
—  4  m.  train  Hasaop  Stat,  Mid.  Rly. — 
is  a  picturesque  village  at  the  end  Of 
Middleton  IWe  (fine  cliff  aeeneryi 
with  some  of  the  honses  perched  above 
paeh  otlier  on  the  ledges  of  the  rock. 
There  are  tepid  baths  of  great  age. 
JtfiddiefDn  iTolZ  (Lord  Denman)  adjonu 
the  Oil.  (restored),  built  in  1767. 

Stondah,  see  SlotoinaTket. 

Stonthurst,  see  WJialtey. 

STOSWNOToti,  see  AtaltTley. 

STOCRBRiDaE  (Cambs.X  see  Cam- 
bridge. 

stourbridsre  (Worces.),  sut. 
G.  W.  BIy.,  and  G.  W.  and  L,  ft  N. 
W.  Bly.  to  Birmingham  (Jnn ;  Tathol) 
— is  prettily  situated  on  the  banks  rf 
the  Stour,  although  much  spoilt  by 
the   smoke   of   the    QUuilioiuet  and 


STOWMABKST—BTBATFOBD-ON-A  70S. 


from  EJw.  VI.,  Dr.  Johneon  was  edu- 
cated for  more  than  a  year. 

Exearsiont. — (1)  1}  m.  S,,  Fediaare 
Ch.  has  a  cncious  sculptured  porch, 
repreaenting  the  Deity  auirounded  by 
the  gymbols  of  the  Evangcliats.  (2) 
6  m.  W.  to  EnvOli:  (see  infra),  passiuE 
2J  m.  Sletepony  Inn,  channmgly  Bitu- 
nted  on  the  Bfour.  Near  it  are 
Preitimod  (H.  J.  Foley,  Esq.)  and 
Sloartoii  CaMe  (O.  R.  Collis.  Esq.), 
where  Reginald  Pole,  Abp.  oE  Gaoter- 
bury,  waa  bom,  1500.  1}  m.  1.  is 
Kirmer,  at  the  foot  of  a  nj  Baadstone 
rock,  Bunnounted  by  the  CA.  In  it 
ate  rooDttments  (o)  to  one  of  the 
HamptoDS,  1471;  (6)  Wm.  Talbot, 
1685;  (o)  Sir  E.  GreyCHen.  Tni.;^  a 
curioiiB  polished  conglomerate  with 
figures  of  himself,  two  wives,  seven 
snus  and  ten  daughters.  See  also 
carved  ecrccn,  the  aypl  under  the 
chancel,  and  old  church  tmoks  oliained 
to  the  desk.  There  is  good  scenery  at 
Kiaver  Edge,  and  a  cavern  called 
Inigo'i  Fox  Bole.  (3)  Enville  Hall, 
6  m.  W.,  is  the  beautiful  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Stamfoid  and  Vrariington. 
The  pleasure  grounds  are  open  to  the 
public  on  Tuesday  and  Friday.  They 
contain  a  fine  lake  and  fouotains,  and 
the  gardens  aro  charmingly  laid  out. 
Bee  the  Shonsbmian  caicade  in  the 
park,  also  the  aviaries.  The  Ch. 
(restored  1875)  is  of  Norm,  date,  and 
contains  many  mnnaments  to  the  Greys 
and  Hastings,  and  in  particular  ono  to 
Thomas  Grey,  in  carved  alabaster, 
with  figures  of  men  in  anuour.  The 
HaU  is  of  the  date  of  Heury  Tnl. 
(4)  To  Eagleu  Ball  and  Park,  2}  m., 
and  a  Uttle  beyond,  the  Clent  ESlt 
(sec  Kidderminfter). 

Stow,  see  Lincoln. 

&T0WE,  see  Stafford. 

Stowbll  Fask,  see  ChdUiiham. 

fttowmarket  (Suflblk),  Stat, 
Gt  E.  Rly.,  12  m.  from  Ipswich,  and 
3}  m.  from  Haughley  June.  Inni  .- 
Foi;  King's  He^.  A  thriving  town 
at  the  junction  of  the  three  nTulets 
which  form  the  Gippiog. 

The  Ch.  contains  the  arched  tomb  of 
an  Abbot  of  St.  Osyth's  in  Essex. 
The  8.  porch  is  very  good  and  loCty. 
A  manor-liousc,  onco  attached  to  St. 


Osyth's.  still  remaius.  The  Churchoa 
of  Slonham  Aipall  and  SlotAam  Earl, 
6}  m.  E.  of  Htowmarkot,  will  repay  tho 
ecclcsiologist  for  liis  visit.  At  Stmiham 
Earl  the  clerestory  (Perp.)  should  bo 
especially  noticed.  The  west  door  is 
a  remarkably  fine  piece  of  wood  carv. 
lag,  and  the  nave  has  a  fine  hammcr- 
lieuni  roof. 
_  The  Ch.  at  Slonham  Atpall  is  p: 
cipally  Dec.  with  a  ven  fine  Pc 
clerestory  in  the  nave.  The  churo___ 
at  Buxhall,  Si  m.  8.W.  (observe  espc. 
cially  tho  font  and  doable  piscina), 
and  CairAi,  2  m.  8,,  are  also  wortli 
visiting. 

Mt«w-on-tlie-irold  (Glou- 
cost.),  li  m.  from  Stat.  G.  W.  Kly.— 
(/n».- Unicom) — is  a  Email  town  built  ou 
the  Boman  fosseway.  The  Ch.  hasspc- 
cimens  of  various  styles  of  architecture 
from  Norm,  downwards ;  and  a  noble 
tower  80  ft.  higli, conspicuous formany 
miles.  Excaniort.—Z  m.  8.  to  E^ord, 
for  the  geologist  to  examine  the  Stones- 
fleld  slate  formation,  rich  in  fossils. 

Stow  Wood,  see  Oxford  (Excors.). 

Strata  Florida  Abbek,  see  After- 
yeltciih. 

Ntniitfoi-d-on-A.von(Wui - 
wick),  Stat.,  G,  W.  Blj;.,  110  m.  from 
London,  and  40  min.  ride  frtan  Leam- 
ington and  Warwick,  via  Hatton 
June,  A  line  called  the  East  and 
West  Junction  (trains  suspended,  1878) 
connects  the  town  with  the  L.  &  N.  W. 
BIy.,  md  Kineton.  Inns:  "Shake- 
speare; Bed  Horse  (known  to  Ameri- 
cans as  "  Waahiogton  Irvings  Hotel") ; 
Falcon,  cosy  inn.  The  town  is  me- 
morable as  tlie  birthplace  of  Shake- 
speare. The  house  in  which  Ihe  poet 
was  bom  (23rd  April,  1564)  is  in 
Henley-street.  He  died  on  the  anni- 
versary of  his  birthday,  1616,  at "  New 
Place,  Chapel-street,  the  garden  and 
a  portion  of  the  foundation  of  the 
original  house  alone  remaining.  The 
house  and  grounds  were  pnrolSised  by 
public  subscription,  and  are  now  care- 
fully prosctTon.  The  Curator  resides 
at  "Nash  House,"  adjoining  "New 
Place,"  so  called  fail  its  having 
belonged  to  and  been  occupied  by 
Thoa.  Nuflh,  who  married  Shakespeare's 
grand-daughter,  Elizabeth  Hall,  after- 


4H 


8TRA  TFonV-ON-ATOS—SUDBURY. 


wards  Lady  Barnftid.  Four  romng  in 
the  hoiue  Mnuun  «m  thej  wera  in  the 
poefa  time,  and  in  one  oT  tbem  the 
poet  mu  bom.  This  room  is  the  chief 
attraction.  It  contains  a  bust — a  cast 
from  the  poefa  monument  in  the 
Chucch  (p^) — '"^  '^  ceiling  and 
walls  MS  oorered  vith  remarb  and 
aalographa  In  pencdL  In  other  tooms, 
known  oa  the  "  Stntewit,"  there  la  a 
small  bnt  valuable  and  highly  interest- 
ing collection  of  relics  of  the  poet. 
The  public  are  admitted  to  the  house 
on  payment  of  6d.  «ach,  and  an  addi- 
tional M.  to  the  Museum.  Hi^y 
THnitg  Ch.  (formerly  ooU^te) 
stands  close  to  the  river  on  B.  side 
of  the  town.  A  good  view  of  it  is 
obbuned  from  the  bridge  bailt  by  Sir 
Hngh  OloptoD,  temp.  Hen.  VII.  On 
W.  aide  of  the  Chancel,  under  a  Grecian 
niche,  is  the  half-figure  monument  of 
the  poet,  which  represonta  him  in  the 
act  of  composition.  Below  are  alabs 
with  insoriptioiia,  covering  his  remains, 
those  ofhis  wife,  Anne  Hathaway,  and 
of  his  favourite  daughter,  Anne  Hull. 
Outside  the  Town  HaU  there  is  a 
life-aize  statue  of  Shakeepeere,  pre- 
sented hy  Garrick  in  1769;  within 
there  is  a  whole  length  portrait  of 
the  poet,  by  Wilson,  also  presented  by 
Ganick;  a  portrait  of  Garrick  by 
Gejnsborongh ;  Queen  Anne,  by 
Hum;;  fto.  About  1  m.  ftom  the 
town  an  the  Boyai  Vicloria  Spa 
Bat&i,  with  pump-room,  and  aooom- 
modatiou  for  visitors.  This  mineral 
spring  is  eapecially  serviceable  in 
cases  of  gout,  scorbutic  affections, 
rheumatism.  Sat.,  but  the  baths  are 
little  oaed.  At  Shot^ry,  about  1  m. 
on  the  Alcesler  toad,  is  still  shown  the 
cottage  where  Anne  Eathawa;  lived, 
and  where  the  poet  is  said  to  have 
"  won  her  to  his  love."  A  cnrions 
bedstead  and  other  relics  are  also 
bIiowu.  The  "  Dingles,"  very  anoienl 
entrenchments,  are  1  n.  N. 

Bitiancee. — Henley-itt-Ardeii  (J»n: 
White  Swan  H.),  S  m.  N.,  and  1  m. 
bom  Bearley  Btat.  In  the  Ch.  at 
Beaudtsert,  adjoining  Henley,  is  a 
beautiful  Norm,  chancel  (restored). 
The  S.  doorway  is  also  a  fine  specimen 
"i   Norm,  architecture.    Warwick,    " 


m. ;    Birmingham,    26  m.   (bjr    rail^ ; 

Gloucester^  SS  m.,  «fa  Eveshiun. 

SraiTTON,  see  Bade.         ' 

Stsawbkbby  Bill,  see  TaiekenAam. 

Strbatxaji  Castle,  see  Barnard 
CaitU. 

STitEATt,ET,  see  Thame». 

fltroufl  (Glouces.).  Stat,  G.  W. 
Bly.  7ntu :  George ;  Imperial ; 
Swan ;  Railway.  A  busy  town,  with 
trade  in  woollen  doth,  and  sitaated 
on  a  hill,  with  charming  views  in  evoty 
direction  over  the  oolite  valleys  and 
dii^les  of  the  Cotswold  escarpnieittB. 

The  Subscription  Booms,  opposite 
the  PoBt-ofBce  in  George-stceeL  posseaa 
a  library,  reading-room,  and  billiard- 
room.  luGloucegter-atreetare  theOoii- 
lematitt  Jteodinjr-rotnTX,  and  public, 
Turkisli,  and  Bwimmiug  baths. 

Excariiotu.  ~  (o)  2i  m.  E.,  to 
J/ypiatt  Park,  a  monastic  house  of 
ttie  16th  cent,,  where  the  Gunpowder 
Plot  is  said  to  have  been  concocted ; 
and  1}  m,  beyond  to  Bi»ley,  a  decayed 
village,  where  many  Itoinan  remains 
have  Dcen  found.  Tho  Ch.  has  an  effigy 
of  a  crusader,  and  an  hexagonal  cross 
(13th  cent)  hi  the  ch.-yd.  (b)  3  m. 
N.E.   to   Paiimeide   (Inn:   Fakwn), 

Sretty  and  old  fashioned,  with  a 
ebaaad  Ch.  with  three  chuicels,  and 
a  apira  17t  ft.  high.  The  dL-yd.  is 
exceptionally  picturesque,  haniig  116 
flue  yew  trees.  2  m.  N.W,  on^wne- 
bed  Hill,  929  ft.,  is  a  Boman  camp; 
also  a  superb  view  over  the  Severn. 
Extend  the  walk  from  Painawick  to 
Cranham  woods,  3  m.  N.,  which  em- 
braces some  of  the  most  beantiMof 
the  Cotswold  scenery. 

SrmLABD.  see  Stnasage. 

Studlbt  Roval,  see  ^ipon. 

Stdntnky,  see  Ely. 

Sudbury  (Suffolk),  Stat.,  Gt 
E.  Bailway.  Inni :  Rose  and  Crown ; 
White  .  Horse ;  Chriatopbw.  An 
ancient  borough  town  upon  the  Stonr, 
made  navigable  fbr  ber^  nearly  ap  to 
the  town  maa  the  sea.  A  bridge  oter 
it  leads  into  Essex,  The  town  ii 
chiefly  employed  in  the  manu&cture 
of  silk  and  crape.  St.  Petar't  Ck.  ii 
Perp.,  and  has  some  good  wood-wnk 
in  the  chancel  screens.  All  jSainte', 
also  Perp,,  haa  some  very  good  scneu 


8VNBV&  T—SUNDESLAND. 


415 


work,  and  en  oakeu  pn^it  with  the ' 
date  1490.  The  anoiant  gallerieB  in 
the  tower  here,  and  in  St  Peter's, 
should  also  be  remarked.  8l.  GregDqft 
is  Perp.  like  the  others,  but  of  greater 
interest  The  chou  stalls  are  woHU 
notice.  The  modem  font  is  covered 
by  an  ancient  "  spire  "  of  tabernacle 
work— one  of  the  coat  and  moat  per- 
fect examples  in  the  oonntr]'.     It 


horoagh,  the  paints,  was  bom  here 
(1727),  and  took  hia  earlieat  studies 
man  the  pastoral  scenery  rS  the  Stonr. 
The  honse  in  which  he  was  bora, 
formerly  the  "  Black  Hoise  Inn,"  atill 
exists  in  Sepnlohre-streel,  in  the  parish 
of  St  Gregory,  and  is  pictoresqae  in 
apit«  of  its  diiapidatioD. 
SmamrnT  (Yorks.),  see  SarTogaie. 

gtUMERSEAT,  Bee  Bmv. 

«anl»ury  (Uiddleeex),  Stat.,  L. 
£  a  W.  Ely.  (Thames  Valley  line), 
1  m.  K.  of  the  ch.  Jniu :  *  Flower 
Pot.  mnoh  itaorted  to  I^  anglers  and 
boating  partiee;  Magpie;  Castle,  also 
anglers'  mns:  all  three  are  in  Tbsmes- 
street,  by  the  riTer-side.  The  village 
lies  eJong  a  pleasant  reach  on  the  1. 
hank  of  the  Thames,  15  m.  from 
Loudun  and  1)  m.  abore  Hampton. 
Sv,ii^niry  Detp,  as  defined  and  main- 
tained bj  the  Thames  ConBerriuicy 
CommisBionera,  extends  for  683  yards 
from  the  Weir,  eastward,  to  the  E. 
end  pile  of  tie  bwafcwater.  There  is 
excetleot  jack  and  barbel  Ashing,  and 
occasionairy  trout  of  good  size  are 
taken.  At  Simboly  are  the  rearing 
ponds  of  the  Thames  Angling  Preser- 
vation  Sodety. 

Sunderland  (Dnrham),  Stat, 
i  hi.  by  rsUfHon  Newcastle,  and  same 
distance  from  DnriiBm  dQ'.  hmt: 
Queen's  H.;  Walton's  H.,  both  in 
Fawoett-Btreet ;  Palatine  H.,  Borough- 
rood  ;  FrincesBes',  Biidge-stroet ;  Boyal 
H.,  Monkweaimonth.  A  seaport 
(Pop.  108,000),  situated  at  the  month 
of  the  Wear.  The  borongh  ooDsJsts 
of  throe  townships  ;  (1)  Monkwear- 
month,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wear ; 

(2)  Bishopwearmonth,  on  8.W.  bank ; 

(3)  Sunderland   proper.     At   Moiik- 
tMormoufft,  the  sole  object  of  int 


is  the  CK.  Y  St.  Peter,  dating  &om  Tth 
cent,  the  oldeat  oh.  in  the  county  of 
Durham ;  the  battlements  are  a  later 
additJon.  Oulaide  tbe  tower  is  a 
flgure  of  a  Benedictine  monk,  placed 
upright  against  the  wall ;  a  richly 
carved  altu^.tomb  of  ono  of  the  Hyl- 
tons  projects  boot  (he  Teetry  waU. 
Tlte  coUiery  (381   fathoms  J — '    - 


i  the 


world.  The  peiish  is  united  to  B 

wearmoath  by  the   famong  coi.  

bridge  over  Uie  Wear,  ootiBiBting  irf 
one  stupendona  arch,  236  ft  8  hu  in 
apan,  33  ft  wldc^  and  100  ft.  above  the 
water;  the  view  from  it  is  atrikin;;, 
and  it  should  also  be  viewed  traai 
belnw.  In  BWumwearmoidh  is  St. 
Michael  Ch.,  dating  from  930,  rabuilt 
1807 ;  in  W.  porch  is  mutilated  flgnre 
of  Sir  Tliomas  Hiddleton.  The  PiMie 
Parlf  is  very  laslefullj  laid  out  and  ia 
well  worth  a  visit.  At  its  highest 
point  is  Building  HiU,  interesting  to 
the  geologist  as  presenting  at  once 
varieties  ^  the  bi^oidal,  laminated, 
and  honeycombed  limeetone.  The 
port  of  Sunderland  is  formed  by  two 
piers,  stretohing  out  into  the  sea  ISO 
fords  on  either  side  of  the  month  c^ 
the  Wear;  that  on  the  8.  side  finms 
a  pleasant  ptomenade.  At  end  irfN. 
pier  ia  the  JaghihouM. 

Exeimioru.—l  m.  N.E.  of  Monk- 
wparmouth  is  Eoker,  a  sea-nde  bath- 
ing place,  wilh  good  liotel  and  lodging- 
houses  ;  here  are  ourioiu  caves  in  the 
limestone  rock,  tbe  largest  of  which  is 
called  the  "  Monk's  Hole "  or  "Spot- 
ty'a  Hole."  2  m.  further  N.B.,  ocrosB 
a  sandy  bay,  is  the  pleasant  bathing 
village  of  WltilbuTn,  with  good  view  of 
the  sea-coast  to  the  8.,  and  of  Monk- 
weannonlh  and  Sunderland.  To  the 
N.  is  the  pleasant  cliff  walk  called  the 
Ltwrd,  ctmuDonding  extensive  view. 
At  IJm.  aByre*  Quarry,  a  small  cove 
where  the  sea  dashes  in  rough  weather 
tbroagh  a  fine  natural  arch.  2  m. 
further  are  the  wild  and  striking 
Mareden  Boelii,  Elauding  out  in  every 
conceivable  sh^ie.  The  Marsden  Bock, 
00  yards  &om  the  shore,  ia  a  moBsiTe 
arch,  beneath  which  boats  can  pass ;  a 
narrow  flight  of  steps  in  the  cliif  leads 
davmtotheshoi&  Tjnemonth  Priory 


416 


SUNDERLAND— BUTTON. 


on  promontory  to  K..  is  a  striking  and 
pictureBquo  objecL  To  foMon  und 
JarTOK—%  m.  I.  of  Broeldey  Whins 
Station  (10  m.),  is  Bi^don,  vMh  its 
restored  E.-B.  Ch.  of  St.  Nteholiu. 
TJio  peculiarly  deeigned  tover  and 
spire  are  replete  with  interest ;  it  con- 
ttiina  tomb  of  a  Hylton,  and  two  Btooe 
cofflna,  discovered  1825 ;  rt.  of  the 
altar  is  eiijuisitely  scolptitred  efflgj 
of  an  eoclemastic.  2.  m.  N.of  the  sta- 
tion ia  JarroiD,  interesting  ns  the  Bi^ena 
of  the  labours  of  "  tha  Venerable  "  Bede, 
The  very  aneient  Ck.  of  SI.  Paul  is 
still  standing  amid  tiie  remainB  of 
monastic  walle;  parts  of  the  S.  aisle 
wall  and  the  suuill  nattow  windows 
above  the  modem  doomay  ate  Saion. 
The  tower  and  most  of  tbe  monastic 
remains  are  Norm.  From  N.  to  S.  the 
ch.  is  nearly  twice  as  long  as  from  E. 
to  W.  The  Chancel,  built  of  cnbtoal 
stones,  has  Dec.  windows  of  about 
14(10,  and  has  two  elaborately  carved 
(ISUi  cent,)  bench  ends.  Here  also  is 
a  heavy  straighl^backed  seat  called 
"Bede's  Chair,"  which  is  very  ancient. 
In  the  tower  is  a  remarkable  inscribed 
ancient  bell ;  a  stone,  now  fixed  in  the 
tower  urch,  between  the  nave  and 
cliaucet,  records  the  buildii^  of  tbe 
ch.  in  685.  At  MoHktaa,  H  m.  8.V 
of  Jarrow,  the  traditional  birth^ 
of  Bede,  may  be  eeen  Bed^$  We  . 
once  thought  efficacious  in  diseases. 
From  Hylton  Stat.  (15  min.)  may  I  " 
visited  Hylton  CatUe,  reached  by 
feny,  1}  m.  down  the  banlis  of  tbe 
Wear,  which  dates  from  the  13th  cent. 
The  original  rooms  are  stated  to  be 
the  Barou's  Hall,  four  chambers,  a 
chapel,  two  bame,  a  kitchen,  and  the 
gatehouse.  The  lead-covered  roof 
with  its  turrets  and  goaids'  room  over 
E.  front  afford  a  scene  of  feodal 
aspect.  Between  the  cential  turrets  of 
E.  front  are  sculptured  remains  of  a 
knight  in  combat  with  a  sarpent- 
moDstei.  At  tbe  buck  of  the  tWle 
is  the  dilapidated  Chapel  of  St. 
Cafherine,  dating  from  1157.  On  out* 
side  are  nnmerons  stone  shields  of  tbe 
Hyltons,  and  on  E.  front  ia  carved  a 
stac  in  a  golden  chain.  To  Lar^ton 
and  iMndey  Caitlei,  which  may  be 
Tiflitod  by  rail  to  OheOer-U-Strea  (50 


).    To  Hottghton-le-Spring  by  road 

about  6  m.,  or  rail  25  min.  (the  North 
Briton  Coach  leaves  the  Grey  Hoise, 
HiKh-street,  Sunderland,  for  Houghton 
and  Durham,  at  8  AJU.  and  4  p.m. 
daily).  The  Ck.  of  St.  Utiehcud,  sur- 
rounded by  a  belt  of  fine  sycamores 
is  a  large  cruciform  building,  lately 
restored,  and  partly  Dec,  partly  E.  E. 
The  S.  side  of  tho  Gliancel  is  ocoupied 
by  a  chain  of  E.-E.  windows,  three 
being  modem.  Below  is  the  tomb  of 
Mrs.  Bellas  ja  of  HenlmoU ,  whose  brass 
is  in  S.  transept.  On  S,  of  the  Chancel 
are  very  curious  window  and  door  (tbe 
latter  adorned  with  monsters),  relics  of 
an  ancient  Nonp.  Cb. ;  almost  all  tbe 
windows  have  stained  glass,  those 
representing  Cnthhwl  and  Bede  being 
by  Wailei.  In  the  S.  transept  is  a 
massive  inscribed  altar- tomb  of  Bernard 
GUpiQ,  "the  Apostle  of  the  North;" 
beside  it  is  an  efQgy  of  a  kni^t,  re- 
ferred to  Sir  John  le  Spring.  In  the 
garden  of  the  venerable  embattled 
Beclory  is  a  larj^a  thorn-tree,  called 
Gilpin's  Thorn,  and  said  to  have  been 
planted  by  him.  At  the  bead  of  the 
viUage  is  Hmighton  Hall  (Q.  Elliott, 
Esq.),  a  massive  oblong  building,  little 
altered  since  tbe  end  of  tlie  16tU  cent. 
To  Syhope,  Seaham  Harbom;  Sx. — 
Aboat  3  m.  8„  by  road  or  rail,  is  the 
village  of  Ryhope,  ranch  resorted  to 
for  Inthiog:  it  has  a  Dane  2  m.  long, 
with  rusbii^  stream.  2}  m.  S.  of 
Bybope,  and  15  min.  by  raU  from  Sun- 
derland, is  the  town  of  Seaham  Hiv 
houT,  1}  m,  S.  of  which  is  HaaOuimt 
Deae,  where  numerous  winding  walks, 
furnished  with  seats,  affbid  pleasant 
glimpses  of  the  sea.  Near  the  sea  the 
glen  narrows  into  a  ravine  leading  to 
the  small  bay  called  MavsOwme  Hyiht, 
which  is  rendered  attractive  by  its 
wild  rock-forms  and  deep  caverns. 
The  fern  Asplenimitmarmunt  is  abon- 
dontly  found  here. 

Distancee. — Hartlepool,  by  rail,  1  hr. 
10  min.;  South  Shields,  30  min. 

SmnnxaDALB,  see  Ateol. 

Si^NHiHaEiLL,  see  Ascot. 

SuNHiNawELL,  SCO  AHngdon. 

Sutton  (Surrey)— a  June  Stat 
on  the  Crovdon  and  Epsom,  Soath 
LondoD,  and  Epsom  Downs  liae«  of 


S  WAFFHAM—8WANAQS. 


417 


the  L.  B.  4  S.  C.  Ely. ;  15  m.  from  Lod- 
Aoa  Bridge;  11  m.  fioia  Westminater 
BHdge  b;  road,  aod  3  m.  S.  of  Mitchom 
(J^nt :  Coch ;  Grey  hound ;  Angel ;  Sta- 
tiou  H.) — liea  on  the  edge  of  tiio 
Dowdb;  Sutton  Down  niDmng  into 
BanaUad  Doms  on  the  one  himd,  and 
!Ep80m  Dowtis  on  the  other.  The 
Cock  at  Sntloll  is  on  the  Epsom  Derby 
day  the  last  pluoe  of  baiting  on  the 
vay  to  the  course,  and  the  first  on  the 
w^  home. 

Sdtton   Covdwixlv,    see  Binning- 

Awaaiiam  (Norfolk).  Stat, 
Gt.  Eastn.  Bly.  Inn:  Oiown.  The 
CfaiTtJt  (Perp.)  is  large,  and  built  about 
1174.  The  open  roof  of  wood  ia  finely 
carved,  and  supported  by  8ngels(whose 
otitspread  winga  produce  a  strikiog 
and  oniioUB  effect)  bearing  symbols  of 
oar  Lord's  PassioD.  There  are  the 
remains  of  a  wooden  screen,  with  paint- 
ings, and  a  rood-loft  stair.  The  tower, 
grand  and  massive,  was  completed  ia 
1510,  but  is  degraded  by  a  modem 
lantem  on  its  sumout.  The  vestry 
oontains  some  annotir,  and  a  library  of 

4  m.  N.W.  is  Gattie  Acre,  e.  village 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Nar,  mostly 
built  out  of  the  materialB  of  the  priory 
and  the  casUe,  the  lemaiiia  of  wliicb 
make  this  a  very  interesting  spot. 
After  crossing  the  liver,  the  luins  of 
the  Pnory  are  seen  I.  in  a  pleasant 
valley,  at  a  short  distance  from  the 
Tillage.  Tbe  great  mound  of  the 
Ca^e  will  be  passed  before  entering 
the  street. 

The  site  of  the  Castle  was  granted 
bj  tbe  Conqueror  to  William  de  War- 
renne,  who  founded  here  a  eastle  and 
Cluniao  Priory.  The  castle  remained 
inthepoeseeaionofthe  Warrennesuntil 
the  death  of  the  last  of  the  family  in 
1347.  It  soon  after  fell  into  ruin. 
The  estate  is  now  the  property  of  tbe 
Earl  of  Leicester. 

The  ruins  of  the  Priory,  which  are 
tbe  most  extensive  and  pictuiesque 
monaatio  remams  in  Norfolk,  stand  on 
much  lower  ground,  W.  of  the  village, 
and  near  the  river.  The  entrance  into 
the  precinct  is  by  a  gateway,  of  flint, 
with  moulded  tnriok  dressinga,  temp. 


Henry  VII.    The  W.  front  at  the  Ch., 

of  late  Norm,  character,  is  very  fine 
and  striking.  The  injuriea  within  the 
Ch.  liBve  been  very  severe,  but  the 
ground  plan  may  easily  be  tieoed. 

The  Fariih  Church  should  be  visited. 
It  contains  a  remarkable  font-cover 
and  a  curious  shrine. 

5  m.  6.E.  from  Swaffbam  is  Cre*- 
gingham  Manor  Home,  a  19tb-ceut. 
mansion.  Fart  has  been  rebuilt,  but 
the  remains  of  the  original  bouse  are 
remarkable  for  the  decorations  of 
moulded  brick,  or  wbitiab  temt-cotta, 
arranged  in  the  form  of  panels,  and 
very  elegant  Perp.  tracery. 

About  7  m.  e.W.  of  Bwftffliam  Stat, 
ia  Oxburgk  Ball,  built  by  Sir  Edmund 
Bedingfield  in  1482-3,  and  ever  since 
tbe  seat  of  that  ancient  Boman  Catholic 
family.  It  is  a  castellated  mansion, 
surrounded  by  a  moat  50  ft  broad, 
which  can  be  filled  with  water  to  a 
depth  of  10  ft.  Tbe  entranoe-tower, 
"-  gate-house,  is  a  fine  example,  and  is 

ft.  high.  The  inner  court  now  con- 
sists of  only  3  ddes,  since  the  great 
banqufiting-roonc  on  tbe  S.  side  was 
toien  down  in  1778,  and  two  incon- 
gruous winga  were  added  in  the  rear ; 
but  Gothic  windows  and  pictui«eque 
ihimneja  of  moulded  brick  have  much 
mproved  these  barbarous  additions ; 
ind  tbe  remainder  of  the  house  is  tole- 
rably perfect  and  but  little  altered. 
"  er  the  gateway  is  the  King'i  Moom, 

most  intereeting  part  oftheinterior. 

a  hung  with  tapestry,  temp.  Henry 
VII.,    "^     -...-^.- 


paintings. 

•  ■  not  shown  to  stntDgers. 

The  Church  is  a  large  and  handsome 
edifice,  with  a  loof  panelled  and  cu- 
riously carved. 

Nwnnagre  (Dorset.).  Inns: 
'Bo  jal Victoria;  Ship.  Lodgings  good, 
but  difficult  to  obtain  in  the  season, 
unless  secured  some  time  beforehand. 
This  is  the  chief  place  in  the  Isle  of 
Purbeck,  and  may  be  reaebod  either 
by  steamer  from  Poole  (1  hr,),or  by  om- 
nibus from  the  Wareham  Stat,  (f  the 
8.  W.  Blj.,  from  which  it  is  distant 
1 1  m.  Its  position  is  most  attractive, 
and,  being  open  to  the  N  JI,,  it  is  one 
of  the  coolett  of  our  suQuner  watering- 


418  SWAl 

plaoee.  Tbe  views  from  it  are  Tuied 
and  eitenaive,  embraoiug  tbe  Hamp- 
ahire  coast  in  long  penpeotlTe,  and 
tho  Mo  of  Wight,  15  m.  diatanL  "  A 
pleaaanter  epot  for  summer  sGa-bathing 

15  not  to  be  fotind  eastwaid  of  the 
DevoQ  ccBBt,  and,  from  the  variety  of 
goiU  and  tbe  sheltered  situation,  the 
□eighbonrhood  is  rich  in  rare  plants 
and  inaeots ;  but  to  tboeo  who  dabble 
in  science,  the  great  attraction  of 
Swanage  is  the  eitraoidinary  number 
and  Taliie  of  its  fossil  remains."  These 
last,  bowerei,  are  lees  plentiful  tbao, 
thej  were.  The  old  town  consists 
chie&y  of  one  long  narrow  street  of 
grey  stone-roofed  houses,  climbing  the 
slope  of  the  hill,  forming  the  eouthem 
hoTD  of  the  ba;  which  swoeps  in  a 
Qoble  curve  2  m.  N.,  retiring  abont 
Jni.  inland,  under  tbe  low  cliffs  of  the 
Baitiitg$  Sand,  Ua  northern  bom  is 
formed  b;  tiie  tinge  chalk  headland  of 
Bailard  ^«ad,  soaring  in  perpendicular 
precipices  &om  the  sea.  The  N.K. 
angle  of  the  chalk  promontory  is  called 
Handfiut  Point  At  the  extremity  of 
the  chalk  are  the  insulated  lofty  &ag- 
meate  known  aa  Old  Barry  and  hie 
Wife,  and  nearer  Swanage,  a  large 
cavern  called  the  Parson's  Barn ;  close 
to  which  are  two  other  detaobed  masses 
of  cbalk— the  Pinnacle  and  the  Turf- 
rick.  Numerous  qnarries  of  marble 
and  stone  are  worked  in  the  hill  above 
the  town.  The  stone  is  pUed  in  the 
unsightly  "bankers"  which  enaumber 
tho  shore,  and  is  embarked  by  a  small 
tramway  and  pier,  as  well  as  by  large 
flat-bottomed  boate.  Few  plaoae  pos- 
sess a  more  interesting  nei^bouibood 
than  Bwanage.  In  the  vicinity  are 
DuTltlon  Head,  Tilly  Whim,  the  iJanc- 
I'njf  Ledge,  and  numerous  caverns ;  and 
at  distwiocs  suitable  for  eioursions, 
Stuidiand,  3  n..  and  tbe  Aggleslone; 
Corfe  Corffe,  6  m„  and  Creech  Barrow  ; 
m.  AldKelm'i  Bead,  6  m.;  Gad  Cliff 
and  WorbarroiB  Bay,  12  m. ;  Ltdmorth 
Caitle,  13  m. ;   and  Luimarth    Cove, 

16  m. 

3  m.  N.  of  S  wauage  is  the  pretty  httlo 
village  of  Sfudland^cmhovered  among 
loftv  elms,  reached  by  a  charming 
walk  over  Ballard  Down.  Thevillage 
cammanicat«s  with  tho  shore  by  a  pic- 


tmeeqae  little  chine.  The  Ch.,  thongh 
small,  is  one  of  great  interest.  It  is  cf 
nearly  unmixed  Norm.,  preserving  its 
original  coitiel  table.  It  has  a  oentral 
tower  gabled  N.  and  S„  aupported  on 
arches,  and,  together  with  the  chancel, 
groined  within. 

1  m.  N.W.  of  Btudland  is  the  Aggla- 
tlone,  or  DeviTi  Sighieap,  aa  it  is  com< 
monly  called.  It  is  an  isolated  block 
of  ferrugiaoos  sandstone,  in  tbe  form 
of  an  inverted  cone,  perched  on  the 
summit  of  a  hillo<^.  It  mBOBJuea 
16}  ft  in  height,  and  3G  ft.  by  ISJ  ft. 
in  diameter,  and  is  computed  to  weigh 
abont  400  Ions.  Many  conjectures 
have  arisen  as  to  its  origin,  but  there 
is  no  doubt  tliat  it  is  tlie  work  of  na- 
ture, and  rests  in  its  original  position, 
the  earth  which  once  surromided  it 
having  been  removed,  partly  by  tha 
action  of  the  weather,  and  paruy  by 
design.  From  Swanage  to  Lttlworth 
Cove  is  a  delightfol  walk  of  16  m.  by 
TiUy  Whim,  Seaetmbe,  Si.  AldJudm'i 
Head,  Eneomhe.  From  Encombe  Bay, 
a  longler  race  above  Kimmeridge,  cross- 
ing tne  Taller,  which  tuns  £rc»n  sea  to 
sea  between  Bwanoge  and  Worbarrow, 
bv  Tyneham  up  to  Ftoaet'e  Barrme. 
Floteer't  Barrme,  by  Arieh  MeU  np 
Bindoit  BiU,  to  Lulwoitb  Cove,  where 
is  a  neat  little  Hotel,  at  which  good 
refreshments  can  be  bad.  and  a  vehicle 
hired  U)  take  you  to  Wool  Slat,  6  m. ; 
or,  on  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  aod 
oftener  dniing  the  summer,  the  steamer 
may  be  caught  to  take  you  to  Wey- 
mouth. Leaving  Swanege  a  rc«d  leads 
up  tbe  hiU  across  Sentry  Field  to  tha 
edge  of  tbe  cUfis  of  Durldon  Bay  to 
Dnrltton  Bead,  1  m.  A  ^orge  betweoi 
Durlston  Height  and  Itoand  Down 
leads  to,  J  m.,  TOlij  Whim,  a  ehff 
qoarry.  The  scene  is  romantic,  Ihongh 
not  eqnal  to  that  presented  by  Sm 
other  qoairies  further  W.  A  hollow, 
descending  from  the  hills,  coodocla  to 
a  terrace,  hewn  midway  on  the  clifls, 
about  30  ft.  above  the  sea.  2  m.  tnt- 
ther  is  the  Dajicing  Ledge  Qaany, 
which  takes  its  name  from  the  Daneing 
Ledge,  a  beach  of  solid  stone,  descenf 
irig  at  a  gt^tle  inclination  to  tbe  sea, 
which  here  breaks  with  a  lively  motkvi, 
dancing  np  tho  ledge.   After  ronnding 


SWANAGE-aWAmsA. 


n  hiil  epnr.  ve  deacend  into  Wintpil, 
where  a  fertile  green  valley  winds 
Muong  tbe  biUa  towarda  Beaaomhe  and 
Qie  Tillage  of  WorOi  Matrattert,  the 
Ofc.  of  which  ia  of  considorahle  interest 
In  tbe  ch.-7d.  is  tbe  tomb  of  Benjnnun 
Jesty,  of  DowDihay,  the  flret-known 
prEkotisei  of  TftociiiKtion.  Bounding 
tbe  boldl;  adfancing  hill  of  Eastman, 
we  reach  Witumt  Qaarry,  situato  on 
tbe  B.  feoe  of  St.  Aldhebn'a  Head, 
consisting  of  a,  terrace  and  nnmeroiu 
Hubtetisneftn  chambeni. 

Sf.  JHWm't  ffiwrf,  3  m. .  isa  promon- 
tory 440  ft  bigb,  and  crownod  by  an 
ancient  chapel  or  chantry  in  wtiich 
prayers  were  eaid  for  the  safety  of 
mariners  passing  this  dangerooa  sbore. 
It  is  a  Einatl  square  stone  baildiug, 
the  walls  Bupportod  by  buttresses,  and 
the  roof  by  a  central  pillar,  bom  which 
spring  four  intereecting  Bemicircnlai 
arches.  It  has  been  restored  by  its 
present  proprietor.  Lord  Eldon,  and 
oooasionBl  services  are  held  in  it.  Tbe 
view  is  superb,  the  eye  mnging  down 
a  coast  nnaorpassed  for  variety. 

W.  of  tliia  headland  tbe  coast  as- 
enmee  a  new  cbarBcter.  It  dives  at 
once  to  a  deep  valley,  and  then  rises 
in  finmif  ffiM, '250  ft.  high.  Descend- 
ing to  the  sea,  the  path  winds  along 
the  nnderclifT  to  a  pretty  little  bay 
called  Chapnuat't  Pool.  The  uodet- 
clilT  ceases  at  the  W.  end  of  Egmont 
Sight,  where  the  drainage  of  the 
vauey  of  EnamAe  Teaches  the  sea  at 
>Ve<Aicater ;  and  a  flight  of  stepslcods 
fromthe  private  grounds  of  £i«!t)n»ie,  the 
seat  of  the  Barl  of  Bldon,  to  the  beach. 
Between  Encombe  and  Gad  Cliff,  tbe 
receding  hills  form  an  amphitheatre 
enclosicig  the  vale  of  Kimmeridge, 

At  the  eastern  turn  of  the  bay  rises 
the  bold  bluff  of  Hen  Clif,  sunnounted 
by  a  look-out  tower.  {  m.  inland  Is 
the  Tillage  of  Kimmeridge,  with  its 
venerable  little  church.  The  land 
now  rises  to  the  bold  hill  known  as 
Tipiehaia  Cap,  above  the  ledges  of 
Broad  iteocA,  beyond  which,  2  m.,  is 
Qad  Cliff,  the  win  edge  of  a  steep 
hill,cutvertiailljat  a  height  of  above 
500  ft.  From  the  snioniit  the  path 
descends  to,  I  m,,  Tforbarroir  Bay,  a 
Boene  of  surpasaing  beau^,  1  t     '" 


in  their  colour,  height,  and  s 
To  the  W.  the  dills  are  cleft  to  tbe 
sea  by  Aritb  HeU  Oap,  where  there  is 
a  miniature  bay,  1 J  m.  inland  of  this 
gap  stands  Lalieorlh  C(atid  (E.  J. 
Weld,  Esq.),  in  an  extensive  and  well- 
wooded  park.  It  was  virited  by 
James  L,  in  1915;  by  Charles  II.,  in 
16S5 ;  and  on  several  occasions  by 
OeoTge  III.,  on  his  road  to  Weymouth, 
In  it  also  Ibere  is  a  state  bedroom, 
once  occupied  by  Charles  X.  The 
tourist  should  ascend  the  tower  of  the 


3}  m.  to  Wool  Stat,  by  road,  and 
rather  less  by  pleasant  footpath.  The 
most  striking  fcattue  of  this  beautiful 
bay  is  the  gigantio  chalk  bluff  known 
as  BingihM,  or  Floaer't  Barrote,  500 
ft.  liigh.  The  summit  commands  a 
most  enchauling  view  of  the  const, 
from  Portland  to  St.  Aldhelm's  Head. 
To  the  E.  of  Flower's  Barrow  is  the 
part  of  the  buy  known  as  Tyitebam 
Cove.  The  walk  to  Watt  Ltdteorlh,  a 
small  old  village,  I  m.  from  the  sea, 
lies  along  the  contiuuation  of  the 
chalk  ridge  known  as  the  Svrinettiadi, 
or  BtTidon  Sill,  from  which  we  de- 
scend to  Lulworth  Cove,  i  m.  iHoltl), 
one  of  the  most  romantic  inlets  on  the 
coast  (vide  »upro). 

Mwansetk  (Glamorgan.),  Stat. 
(High-street),  G.  W.  Bly,  216  m.  from 
London ;  branch  on  South  Wales  Ely. 
from  Lacdore  Jnne.  Traina  (Oyaler- 
mouth  Bly.)  from  Butland-atreet  Stat, 
to  MunAlet,  |  ht.  Also  Neath  and 
Brecon  Bly.,  &oro  Thomas-stpeet 
Btet.  Imtt:  "Mackworth  Arms; 
Cameron  Arms;  Castle.  Sleanten  to 
Belfast ;  Bristol ;  Padstow,  calling  at 
Il&acombo;  Milford,  and  Liverpool. 
A  busy,  dirty  town,  aitnated  at  mouth 
of  the  Tawe^  owing  ita  prosperity 
chiefly  to  tbe  smelting  and  refinmg  of 
copper.  At  the  foot  of  the  li'H,  past 
the  Mackwortb  Anna  Hotel,  are  the 
Dockt.  At  the  back  of  the  Post 
Office,  just  ahovo  the  hotel,  stand  ibo 

'--of  the  Oartifl,  built  oi      '"" 

'  ^netilalion  of  Soui 
Qreciaa  building. 


420 


SWINDON— 8YDENSAM. 


the  8.  Dock,  possesBea  b  Ihattrs  for 
lectures,  laboratoir,  libroryand  reiid- 
ing-room,  and  JJuieum  of  Natural 
Hifltory  and  Geologj.  2  rain,  walk 
from  hero  will  bring  the  tourist 
to  tlie  ahoreti  of  Swansea  Bay,  with 
flno  view  of  the  XurrAUi  oa  rt.  One 
of  the  moat  iatereating  Ezeartimw  in 
the  Principalitj  ran  be  made  from 
here  inbi  tlie  peninanla  of  Goioer,  the 
inhabitants  said  to  be  deaceoded  from 
B  Fleniiah  colony,  settled  here  by 
Henry  I.  In  cualoms,  dress,  and  lan- 
guage, the;  still  retain  their  diltinc- 
tivencBS.  The  railway  to  the  Mumbles 
follows  the  cntve  ot  Swaasea  Bay.  At 
the  first  atatioD,  St.  BeUn't,  a,  road, 
rt.,  leads  to  the  Goaer  Znn  (pi»0,  ^k 
m.  There  is  good  bathing  at  the  ter- 
minus at  Oygtermoath,  or  Slwnblei 
(Inm:  Mermaid;  George),  and  some 
Tery  pteeaant  wolka  along  the  coast. 
2  m.  W.  is  CanaiaU  Say  (tolerable 
hotel),  which  the  tourist  should  reach 
by  walking  along  the  cliffs  by  Long- 
laud  Bay.  1}  m.  beyond  is  Fmlddv. 
Point,  a  apleiidid  mass  of  limestone. 
2  m.  inland  is  the  primitive  Gower 
Inn.  The  geologist  should  not  omit 
to  visit  the  Bone  Gave  of  the  Bacon 
Hole,  on  the  coast,  about  I  m.  &om 
the  inn,  where  a  guide  should  be  pro- 
cured. It  is  a  splendid  walk  &om 
here  round  Oiwich  Bay  to  Port  Eynoa 
and  Worra't  Bead,  the  moat  westerly 
point,  20  m.  from  Swansea. 

BwANTOH  MOBLIT,  HbB  Dereham, 
Edit, 

SwmitBiDOE,  aeo  Bamtta^. 

e^vrlndon.  New  and  Ohl 
(Wilts.).  June.  Stat,  G.  W.  Ely.  The 
South  Wales  division  of  the  railway 
here  branches  off  rt.  t»  New  Milford, 
20S  m.t  having  numerous  branches. 

Sew  SwindJm  is  inhabited  almost 
exclusively  by  the  people  empbyed  by 
the  railway  company,  at  their  vast 
works  and  stores. 

Uld  Swindon,  1  m.  1.  (Inn .-  Goddaid 
Arms),  is  a  picturesque  old  market- 
town,  commanding  extensive  proapects 
over  Berks  and  Gloucesterahire.  The 
Lavm  (A,  L.  Goddard,  Esq.,  H.P.  for 
Cricklade)  is  a  Sue,  l^daoine  Ttalian 
residence.  1}  m.  6.E.,  on  tiie  Lid- 
dinglon  rood,  the  reaeim^  of  the  Wilts 


and  Betbs  Canal  forms  a  fine  lake  rf 
70  acres,  abounding  in  fish.  The 
guarriei  of  building  stone,  and  the 
view  from  the  tower  of  the  oara  sx- 
ohaage,  are  the  chief  points  of  interest 
Four  camps  ara  visible;  2  N.,  Blnns- 
dou  and  Kingsbury,  neat  FurtoD; 
2  S.,  Barhury  and  Uddington  Oastle 
(5  m.). 

Just  outside  the  Wiltshire  border, 
in  the  county  of  Berks,  on  the  road 
from  Faringdon  to  Highworth,  stands 
CoUihiU  Houtt  (Earl  of  BadnorX  one 
of  Inigo  Jonei^s  hitest  and  least  altered 
works,  coDtaining  a  fine  hall  and 
many  good  bmily  portraits.  The  ad- 
joining Ck,  has  a  handsome  Peipt 
tower,  and  some  good  architecture. 

2  m,  from  Coleshill,  6  m.  from  Swin- 
don,  is  the  old  tovm  of  BigKiBorA 
(Inn .-  King  and  Queen).  The  C*.  b 
interesting  from  its  antiquity.  Two 
roads  run  from  Swindon  to  IStai- 
borough :  the  old,  W. ;  and  the  new, 
E.,  both  about  11  m.  The  loraua 
crosses  a  wild  hilly  district,  and  ia  a 
rough  one  for  carriages ;  the  latter  is 
the  ooach-road,  and  runa  meet  of  the 
distance  throngh  a  valley. 

Lydiard  Tregoi,  4  m.  bom  Swindon, 
is  the  seat  of  the  8t.  Johns,  Ttaconnts 
Bolingbroke  and  Barons  St.  JcduL 
The  plain  stme  manaion  stands  in  • 
park,  finely  wooded  with  old  oaks. 
The  Ch.  deserves  notice.  The  win- 
dowa  of  the  chancel  contain  a  good 
deal  of  stained  glass,  and  tliere  are 
goi^us  monuments  of  the  St.  John 

BwitianELii.  see  FoBceUone. 
SwiNLET  Woods  and  Paddocks,  see 

Sydenham  (Kent).  lUy.Btals.: 

L.  B.  &  S,  C.  Ely.,  Upper  SjrfmAaw, 
and  Forea  Sill ;  S.  E.  Kly.,  Lomr 
Sydenham ;  L.  C.  &  D.  Ely.,  Bydtm- 
bam  EUl;  and  OryOal  Palaet. 

Sydenham,  now  in  effect  a  London 
suburb,  lies  between  Dulwidl  and 
Norwood,  and  Lowisham,  towbidi  lut 


m.  from  Weatminster  Bridge  by  road. 

The  Oryital  PaJaoe,  thou^  not  in 

Bydonham,  is  always  conaid^ed  to  be- 

bng  to  it    It  ooonpies  the  smnmit  of 


TAMWOBTH— TAUNTON. 


the  high  ground  to  the  S.W.  ai  Syden- 
ham. The  land  ovei  wbiob  the  palace 
Grounds,  of  about  2000  acres,  stretch, 
fiklls  rapidly  away  to  the  E. ;  uid  from 
tbo  terrace  in  front  of  the  palace 
prospeot  ia  obtained  of  snrpaasiii 
beaaty,  over  richly-wooded  and  tu 
dulatiug  pluns,  to  the  distant  hills  of 
Kent  and  Surrey. 

RonlikiU,  the  handsome  hou 
little  N.  of  the  palace,  was,  from  1852 
till  hU  death  in  1S65,  the  residence  of 
Sir  Joseph  Faxtou,  the  dedgner  of 
the  Crystal  Palace,  the  Eztiibitioa 
buildJDg  of  1851,  of  Chatsworth  con- 
eerralory  and  giudens,  and  of  ducal 
Edensor. 

The  palace,  aoastrncted  on  the  plan 
and  from  the  materials  of  the  Great 
Exhibition  of  1S51,  was  formally 
Miened  on  the  10th  of  Jmte,  1854,  the 
Qneen,  the  Prince  Consort,  the  Kinj 
of  Portogal,  and  other  distingniaher 
persoDagee,  being  present  at  the  cere 
niony.  It  is  now  in  connection  with 
aearly  all  the  metropolitan  lines  of 
railway. 

Btbton,  see  Qranlham. 
Tadihnoton,  see  Athford  (Derby). 
Ti/Bo'a  IsLAim,  see  Thamei. 
Tai.-1-llyn,   see  Dolg^of.    Holy- 
head, and  JVochynlieA. 

Takab  Biteb,  see  Plymouth  and 
CabtMk. 

Xnmwortli  (Staff'.)-2  Btals. 
Midi.  Ely.  and  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.  (Trent 
Valley),  one  jugt  above  the  other. 
(Jnn:  •Caatle)— is  prettily  situated  in 
the  rich  vale  of  the  Tame,  a,  noted 
glazing  district.  The  CaitU  is  an  ivy- 
olad  tower  converted  into  a  modem 
residence  placed  upon  an  artificial 
mound.  Tbe  Ch,  (restored)  has  a  crypt 
snd  a  carious  double  ilaireaie  in  tbe 
tower,  distinct  though  intertwining. 
Momnaentt:  (a)  to  the  Ferrera :  (6) 
effigies  of  the  Uamiions. 

Mccartiont, — (1)  2  m.  S.  to  Dnrafoa 
Batiett,  the  seat  of  Sir  Bobert  Feel 
— not  shown.  In  the  Cft.  is  the  grave 
of  the  late  Prime  Hinister.  (2)  4}  m. 
N.  to  Elford  C%.  on  the  bank  of  the 
Tame.  JUonuDMnts  .■  (a)  Sir  T.  Ardeme 
and  wife,  1100 ;  {b)  Sir  J.  Stanley, 
1471,  in  amuHir ;  (e)  a  grandson  of 
his,  killed  by  a   tenniAaU;  altar- 


tomb  to  Sir  W.  Smyth  (1526)  and 
2  wivtfi. 

Tanthxd,  see  Aipon. 

Taijsob,  see  Oundle. 

Tan-y-bwlcll  (Merioneth.) 
Stat.,  Ffestiniog  Bly.  [Ina:  Oakeley 
Arms  H.).  Tonnsts  wiaiung  to  explore 
the  vale  ot  Ffestiniog  cannot  do  letter 
than  halt  here,  or  at  the  Orapei  HuUl, 
Maerdvrrog,  a  romantic  village,  \  m. 
S.W.,  both  hotels  situated  on  the  old 
coach-road  between  Harleili  and  Port- 
madoe.  1\  m.  I.  of  latter  is  tbe  glen  of 
the  little  river  Bhydfach,  up  which  a 
path  runs  for  1  m.  to  tbe  waterfall  of 
Rhaiadr  dtt  (the  black  cataract). 
Higher  up  is  the  Baven  fall.  In 
the  same  direction,  2^  m.  &am  Maen- 
twrog,  are  the  Velinrhyd  waterfklU. 
F/eitiniog  is  distant  3  m. 

Taflow,  see  Thara^. 

Tabbdjq,  see  WotOUtui. 

Tattibsrall.  see  lAncolTt. 

Tatton  Park,  see  AUrinebam. 

Taunton  (Somerset),  Stat 
G.  W.  Bly.,  about  1  br.  25  min. 
from  Bristol;  1  hr.  from  Filter; 
with  bmnches  a  to  Chard;  N.W.  to 
Barnstaple  (2  hrs.);  and  N.  to 
Watohet  and  Hinehead  (24^  m.). 
Inna :  **  London  H. ;  Castle  H. ; 
Clarke's  H. ;  ••  Bailway  H,,  dose  to 
station;  George. 

Taunton — ue  comity  town  of 
Somersetshire — is  <^  high  antiquity. 
It  is  seated  on  rising  ground  above 
the  river  Tone,  in  t£e  centre  of 
tbe  rich  and  picturesque  volley  of 
Taunton  Deane.  There  are  two  silk 
fectories,  which  turn  ont  excellent 
work;  also  a  gloving  fectoiy.  Tlie 
chief  points  of  interest  arc  the 
churohes.  the  romaius  of  the  Castle 
id  the  Museum. 

Tbe  Ch.  of  8t.  Mary  Magdalene 
(restored  1S15)  is  celebrated  as  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  Perp.churches 
-'-  England.     The  magnificent  tower 

a  rebuilt  in  1857  at  a  cost  of  8000E., 
as  nearly  as  possible  iu  tiKsimile.  The 
reredoa  and  new  stone  pulpit  should 
be    ^ecially    noticed.      It   bos    five 

St.   Jaraeii   Ch.  has  a   fine  tower 
cently  restored,    It  contains  a  gooil 
font, 


TA  UNTON—TA  FISTOCK. 


St  John't,  in  Patk-street,  ia  a  very 
beautiful  oil.,  designed  by  Sir  G.  G. 
Kcott,  and  built  at  tlie  oipenae  of  the 
Hbt.  F.  J.  Smitli.  Tlie  Ch.  of  the 
Soly  THnily,  aa  well  as  the  hand- 
Bome  arbools  oear,  were  also  erected 
bj  Mr.  Smitb.  The  Gnunmar  School 
was  bIeo  teatoied  and  re-eBtablished  b; 
bim,  and  tbe  town  lias  boon  greatly 
benefited  by  bis  princely  muuiftconce. 

The  GailU  buildings  liave  not 
been  preserved  from  dilapidation, 
decay,  and  neglect  The  Came  Green 
is  entered  by  a  flne  aicbway,  now 
incnrpoiated  with  Clarke's  Hotel. 
Ou  the  len  hand  is  the  old  gmnunar 
Boliool,  founded  by  Bp.  Foi  in  1522. 
Oa  the  N.  side  of  the  green  is  a  fine 
embattled  gateway  giving  entiance 
to  tlie  inner  ward,  containing  the 
Hall,  wliere  Judge  Jeftreys  beld  hia 
'■  Bloody  Assize,"  and  oilier  buildings. 
The  Castle  was  purchased  in  1874 
by  the  Counoil  of  tbe  Somersetshire 
Aicliieolo^cal  and  Natural  History 
Society,  and  their  museum  is  now 
distributed  in  its  diff^nt  rooms. 
Tiaitors  should  not  omit  to  visit  the 
Tsry  iate>«ating  collections,  and  they 
will  also  be  at  liberty  to  inspect  tbe 
castle,  with  its  gronnds  and  moats. 

At  Norton  Fiti- Warren  (Stat.), 
2}  m.  OD  the  road  to  Milvettan,  is  a 
curious  earthwork  on  the  hill  aWve 
the  church.  It  is  of  13  acres  and 
formed  by  a  ditch  with  an  external 
and  internal  rampart.  3  m.  further 
N.  is  Bielwp'i  Lydenrd,  a  village 
remarkable  fat  its  Ch.  Umter,  a  very 
beautitiil  specimen  of  the  Vvrp.  of 
Heo.  VII. ;  and  IJ  m.  beyoud  Combe 
Flm^,  tbe  living  from  1828-45  of 
the  celebrated  wit  Sydney  Smith. 
At  Kingiton,  3  ra.  M.  of  Taunton, 
there  is  a  b^utlful  church;  a  cood 
u^Lample  of  tbe  best  class  of  Perp. 
palish  ch.  in  Somerset  The  Quon- 
iock  Uille  fbnn  a  healthy  range  ei- 
tending  from  Taunton  nortli™d  to 
the  sea  about  16  m.  An  exearthm 
may  be  made  by  train  to  CrovKoiabe, 
or  by  driving  to  CoBieUUme  (about 
7  m.  and  1}  ra.  N.B.  of  Crowcombe 
Stat.^  where,  on  high  ground, 
the  interesting  reniaiiia  of  the  .._ 
cient  mano^ho^Bo,    Near  Otowoombe 


is  WiU;,  Nedc,  1270  ft,  the   lii^iegt 

point  of  the  range.  The  most  piiv 
tureaque  views  are  obtained  fmm  the 
eastera  slope.  Tlie  Blackdoion  HilU 
reached  by  train  to  Welling- 
)n  a  lofty  height  is  the 
WeUinglon  Monunumt.  2}  m.  beyond 
Crowcombe  Stat,  is  Stogamber,  famous 
for  its  ale.  The  Ch.  is  worth  a.  visit, 
also  the  ancient  manor-house  of 
Conibe  Sydtnham,  2  m.  1.  Witlitoa 
Stat  (see  Lyntoti)  is  3Jm.  further  on, 
and  the  neit  station,  1^  m.,  is  Watdui 
's  Bolel) — ace  also  Lgniott. 
Before  leaving  Watchet,  the  tonjet 
should  follow  a  pretty  little  stream 
inland  towards  W/iAford  (Stat.), 
e  singularly  beautifijl  and  inter- 
esting ruins  of  Cleeve  Abbey,  fonikded 
for  Cistercian  monks,  1188.  Tbe 
gatehouse  (I3th  cent);  the  W.  walk  of 
the  cloister  (15tb  cent) ;  the  E.-K 
dormitory;  the  E,-E.  entrance  to  the 
cbaptei-hoDse  ;  tbe  E.-E.  locntory ; 
sfectory  (i5th  cent.],  standing  on 
_.-E.  snbatmcture,  still  retaining 
its  beantifiil  carved  toot,  and  traces 
the  E.  wall  of  an  ancient  fresco 
painting,  exist  A  mineral  railway  nus 
from  Watchet  through  Washford  to 
the  Br«ndon  Hilt  irou  ore  miaes,  a 
niot  well  worth  a  visit.  4}  m.  fnm 
Watehet  is  Blue  Anchor  Slal.,  close 
to  which  is  Cleeve  Bay,  much  fre- 
quented by  femiliea  in  surmuer.  There 
re  some  very  remarkable  rocks  here. 
m.  further  on  is  Damter  (Stat), 
quiet  town  possessing  many  objecte 
worthy  of  attention,  especially  the 
Castle  (12th  cent.),  wLich  may  be  seen 
during  absence  of  the  family  (see 
Srldgiimter') ;  and  another  2  m.  beyood 
is  Statehead  (see  Lynlon). 

TnvlStOCk  (Devon.).  Tbe 
best  route  &om  Londcm  is  by  L.  & 
S.  W.  Rly.,  via  Exeter.  Okehampton, 
and  Lidford  June.  Innt .-  •*  Bed- 
ford H.;  Queen's  Head  H.  The 
town  is  about  equidistant  (about 
an  hour's  ride  by  rail)  fKim  Plymouth 
and  Launceston,  and  is  situate' I 
in  the  trough  of  the  hills,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Tavy.  The  existing 
remains  of  tbe  Abbey,  founded  lOtii 
cait,  convey  little  notion  of  the  fonuM' 
splendow  of  the  ancient  pile.  Obeervo 


TAVISTOCK— TEIQSMOVTS. 


Bpeciallf  the  beaatifdl  E.-E.  bogm^Qt 
<k  &  tomb  in  the  Churchyard,  kuowa 

as  the  tomb  of  Oidnli  On  the  out- 
aklrt  of  the  town  is  the  iotereadDg 
old  gateway  of  Fxtiford  (tecop. 
Hen.  Vn.).  The  Ch.  (testored), 
dedicated  1318,  is  a  large,  haDdMiue 
building.  loaide,  remark  a  flue 
ElizaWliut  monumeat,  with  efBgies, 
for  Sir  John  Olanville  and  wife 
(1600) ;  moiiuroenta  of  the  Bonchiera 
and  othera.  The  tower.  106  ft.  high, 
with  battlemented  parapet,  is  a  true 
campanile.  In  addition  ta  tlie  ex- 
onrmona  in  the  neighbourhood  de- 
Bcribed  under  Dartmoor,  the  stcanger 
should  visit  The  Walk,  behind  the 
Bedford  Hotel,  bounded  bj  the 
Abbey  wall  on  one  side,  and  b;  the 
Tavy  on  the  other  side,  from  which 
a  path  leads  to  the  Catud,  couneotiag 
the  town  with  the  Tamar  at  Jtfbr- 
nelUtam  Quay,  where  the  ores  ob- 
tained in  the  district  are  shipped. 
From  here  it  will  be  easy  to  inspect  the 
superb  crags,  the  Xoneeli  Roola  (see 
CaUtaek/  ajao  PltpitoiUh  {Tamar  exoar- 
•ton).  Buckland  Abbey  (Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Bt.)  is  4  m.  S,  from  Tavifltock. 
and  1}  m.  W.  of  Hoirabridge  Stat., 
and  in  visiting  this,  the  fine  (Perp.j 
Ch.  of  Buddand  Xonaehorwa  sbould 
be  inspected.  Endileigh,  the  villa  of 
the  Dute  of  Bedford,  sliould  be 
visited  for  the  sake  of  its  grounds 
and  beauty  of  its  site — permission  to 
be  obtained  at  the  etewaid's  office 
(at  Tavistock).  It  is  situated  above 
tUe  Tamar,  near  Millon  Abbot  (an 
liinX  about  G  m.,  and  half-way  on 
the  road  to  Xaunceston.  Before 
qniUiog  the  town,  the  valley  of  the 
TBTjr  should  be  explored,  especial!; 
a  romantic  spot  called  DoubU  Water, 
i  m.  8.,  the  confluence  of  the  Walk- 
liam  and  Tavy ;  thence  to  XerritiaU 
Bridge  on  Dartmoor.  Between  this 
bridge  and  Huckwortby  Bridge  is 
Ward  Bri^t,  and  the  return  to 
Tavistock  (4  m.)  may  be  made 
oTer  WkUi^nrek  Doim,  which  com- 
loands  very  fine  views  of  the  town. 
The  oeleMated  oepper  mine,  the 
Deoaa  Qreat  Coniols,  is  situated  in  a 
valley  rt.  of  the  Callinglon  road, 
about  4  m.  from  TavietocE    If  time 


Srmit,-a  walk  shotdd  be  taken  to 
or  AUUm,  7  m.,  and  Boer  Ferrer; 
10  m.  from  Tavislook,  and  a  visit 
paid  to  the  Ch.  of  the  latter. 

XeddlnsTton  (Hiddx.).  Stat 
of  L.  ft  8.  W.  BIy.  (New  EiDgston 
line).     Jntis .-     Olarenoe    H.,     Park- 


.^-jiHers'  houses). 

The  viUage  Ues  on  the  1.  bank  of 
the  Thames,  and  on  Oie  main  road 
from  Bicbmond  to  Bnahey  Park  and 
Hampton  Court,  midway.  1}  m.,  be- 
tween KingatoD-upon-Thames  and 
Twiotenham,  12  m.  frcon  London  by 
road.  There  is  good  fishing  in  the 
Thames  here.  The  Anglers'  is  the 
headquarten  for  flsbermen,  and  a 
favourite  house  of  call  with  boating 
men.    Tlie  Kemps  are  old  established 


Tedstone  DiELAtiEBe,sae  Bromyard. 

Teigmmouth  (Devoa).  Btat. 
8.  Devon  Rly.,  15  m.  Irom  Exeter. 
Jnns.-  Boyal  H.,  facing  the  espla- 
nade or  "  Dm  ,■"  Queen's  H. ;  Com- 
mercial; L9ndon.  This  is,  excepting 
Torqnaj,  the  largest  watering-place 
in  the  county,  and  is  dividea  into 
2  parishes— E.  and  W.  Teignmouth. 
It  lies  at  the  month  of  the  Teign, 
whioh  river  affords  most  pleasant 
boating  eiouraious,  and  capital  fish- 
ing. A  bridge  of  34  arches  orosses 
the  river  to  the  village  of  Shaidoa, 
and  the  promontory  of  the  Seu. 
Looking  E.  from  the  Dm,  which 
fiOTUs  a  wide  esplanade,  the  Panaa 
and  Cleric  rodtt,  1^  m.  distant,  are 
striiciag  objects.  For  a  view  up  tlie 
river,  the  stranger  should  visit  the 
quaint  little  lighthouse  at  tlie  end 
of  the  pier.  The  PuUto  AaenMy 
Boomt  on  the  Den  oontiun  reading, 
billiard,  &c.,  rooms. 

Exeuriiont  are  very  numerous  and 
pleasant.    A  deligbtM  ramble  can  bi 


6}  m.  by  true  Devonshire  lanea,  by 
way  of  Kingsteignton,  the  old  man- 
sion of  Lyndridge,  and  Little  Hal- 
don  ;— to  Heytor,  Beeky  Fall,  and  Luel- 
kigh  Cleave   (see  Bovey  Tnu>ey);  to 


TENBUBY— TENBY. 


ke  (about  e  m.  liom  BhaldoD, 

across   the  Ferry),   AntUt  Cove  and 

Torquay  (see) — Xtda  last  a  eharming 
wal£  by  tbe  cliffs,  passing  tba  ro- 
mantio  core  of  Maidem^abe  and 
Watcombt  (Tuit  here  tbe  Ttrra-coUa 


(raaifeet-boats  ply  daily) ;  to 
Ch.  and  pretty  village  of  ConAe-in- 
:  Teignhead  (2  m.),  by  fetry  to  Sbal- 
don,  and  thence  to  Bingmoor  (tbe 
round  abont  6.  m.) ;  to  DauilUh,  3  m 
Proceeding  by  rail,  a  pleaaont  day' 
ezcarsion  may  be  made  to  DartmoiUh, 
Totnet,  and  AMmrton  (see  Darimoof). 

TeiirLE  Bbuab,  see  Ziineoln. 

Tehflb  NEwauf,  gee  Leedi. 

Xenbury  (Wore.)— Stat..  G. 
W.  Ely.  (Inn:  •Swan)-U  a  pretly 
little  town  on  the  Teme,  with  a 
mineral  well  valuable  in  ontaneous 
diseases.  APtimp-room.TeadinK-rooin, 
&0.,  bave  been  eetablished.  The  Ch. 
(restored)  has  a  very  onrious  monu- 
ment— an  effigy  of  a  knigbt  in  mail 
only  30  in.  long,  supposed  to  be  Sir  J. 
Sturmy,  a  ctoaideT  temp.  Bich.  I, 

Exeariion. — 3  m.  on  Leominster 
road  to  SL  Mitihaeli  College  and  Ch., 
established  by  Bev.  Sir  F.  Ouseley. 
Tbe  Ch.  is  florid  Dec,  and  ba«  a  fine 
organ.  The  visitor  should  attend 
service  on  a  saint's  day,  for  the  sake 
of  tbe  choral  service,  which  is  ei- 
oeedingly  well  done. 

TenbT  (Femb.),  Stat.,  274  m. 
fixim  London;  J  br.  ftom  Whit- 
land  Judo.  ;  and  about  tbe  tame  dis- 
tiuice  by  tail  IVom  Pembroke  Dock. 
JjwM.-  Coburg  H.;  Gate  House  H. ; 
Boyal  White  Lion.  A  delightful  and 
fa^onable  watering-place,  much 
resorted  to  on  account  of  its  ex- 
cdlcnt  bathing:  fine,  smooth,  and 
eitenaive  sands ;  and  tbe  cbanning 
walks  and  drives  which  may  be  taken 
in  the  neigbbourbood.  Lod^^gs  are 
good;  the  best  heiug  situated  in 
the  Norton,  Croll,  Ijeiden,  and  Bel- 
mont Terraces.  The  town  is  beauti- 
folly  sitnated  on  tbe  summit  and  sidca 
of  a  peninsola  overioofcing  tbe  BaT 
of  Caermarthen.  The  Caatt,  wMch 
stands  on  the  promonloty,  served  as 
an  a^lmu  fta^genry  of  Bichmond 


nntil  he  cotdd  eecape  to  Brittany.  Thtt 
remains  consist  of  the  keep  or  vatcb- 
tower,  some  parts  of  the  mdls,  and 
the  main  entrance  gateway.  Plea- 
sant walks  auiround  the  ruins,  oom- 
manding  fine  sea  views.  The  beauty 
of  8L  Catherin^i  Roek,  which  stands 
out  a  little  beyond  the  promontory, 
has  been  marred  by  the  erscti<A  of 
a  battery  on  its  summLt.  The  Ck.. 
built  1250,  is  chiefly  in  B.-B.  and  Petp, 
style.  ObseiTe  especially  ringular 
form  of  W.  doorway,  roof  of  chancel, 
and  old  monuments.  For  tbe  ordinary 
tourist,  or  for  visitors  who  taJie 
pleasure  in  scenery,  geology  or  natural 
history,  tbe  towu  is  equaUy  attractive. 
Tbe  lover  of  marine  fauna  ahoold 
refer  to  Gosae's  '  Seaside  Stadie^'  in 
which  hook  ho  wiU  find  Tent^  made 
famous  for  the  number  and  b^uty  of 
itd  actinin  and  zoophytes. 

Exeariioni.^a)  to  Saunderrfool  by 
tbBclifis,3ini.N.  (bjToWafenntncA.B 
charming  Uttle  detl  running  from  tbe 
shore  about  Im.  N.  The  return  should 
be  made  by  the  sands,  if  the  tide  is  out. 
(c)  LydtUp,  i  m.,  visiting  midway 
GUlar  PoiiU;  near  tlie  village  of 
Lydatep  are  beautiful  caves  on  the 
C(wst  (consult  the  '  Tenby  Observer ' 
as  to  time  when  tide  will  suit),  (d) 
Omnfraiton,  It  m.,  where  the  CI, 
(restored)  hasa  baptistery  and  a  beauti- 
fully decorated  piscina,  within  which 
stauds  the  sancte  bell.  In  the  oh.-yd. 
aro  somo  eioellent  chalybeate  springs. 
(e)  By  boat  to  Calda  hland,  3  m. 
TliC  island  is  1  m.  long  and  J  m. 
btoad.  On  it  are  a  lighthonse  and 
tbe  residence  of  the  lord  of  the 
Jior,  J,  Oiley.  Esq.  The  flitost 
3ursian  of  all  is  that  by  the  coast 
Pembroke,  returning  by  the  direct 
road.  It  embraces  at  1  m.  Sogte't 
"ivih,  a  curious  cave  ;  2  m.  PetkiK^, 
quiet  little  village,  with  pretly 
church  having  -good  stone-vault^ 
roofanda  IStli-ccnLaltartomb;  in  tlio 
ch.-yd.  is  an  old  cross ;  4  m.  Lydstep ; 
[,  ISanorieer  (Slat.),  interesting  for 
Cattle.  The  luius  ore  eitensivo, 
and  present  a  good  example  of  a 
feudal  fortress.  In  1146  it  was  tbe 
birthplace  of  Girald  de  Barri,  better 
known    as    "  Ctiraldna    CWbreuais,'' 


TETBUBY—TEWKESBUBY. 


The  Ck.  is  TOry  onriona.  "  The  prin- 
cifial  notion  conveyed  ie  one  of  the 
^iildeet  irregnleTity  and  incoherency 
among  the  several  parts."  7  m.  fiom 
Manorbeet  is  SlackpoU  Court  (£.  of 
Cawdor).  It  contains  some  good 
pictnres  and  interesting  relicB.  The 
groimdB  are  highly  picturesque.  On 
tbe  coast  neor  is  a  flne  rave.  A  little 
beyond  is  reached  the  grand  clifl' 
scenery  of  St,  Gtnran't  Head,  160  fL 
above  the  aea.  The  oAapel  of  SI. 
Gowau,  conaisting  of  a  rude  and 
cUlapi<^ted  cell,  is  bnilt  across  the 
cbeem.  Within  that  herroit's  Banclam 
is  "  the  wisliing-pkee,"  and  a  little 
below  the  diapel  is  the  weU,  now 
almost  dry.  The  healing  influence, 
however,  of  the  Saint's  prayers 
attaches  itaelf  most  to  a  deposit  of 
red  clay.  "The  lame  and  blind 
pilgriniB  are  still  conveyed  hy  their 
friends  donn  the  rode  atepa  chieelled 
by  the  holy  njan.  and  after  being 
SQoinled  with  a  poultice  of  the  moist 
clay,  are  left  there  for  several  hours 
to  haat  under  the  summer's  sun." 
—MuTchinm.  A  little  ftirther  W.  is  a 
very  deep  fiBsnre,  the  i/untoman'i 
Leap  ;  and  still  further  W.,  Boihaton 
Mere,  a  winding  funnel-shaped  aper- 
ture, through  which  in  a  S. W.  gale  the 
8ea  is  driven  in  jets  40  or  50  ft.  above 
the  ground.  Thence  to  BidWaughter 
Bay,  where  there  are  some  spleudid 
caverns.  Neat  here  are  Ihe  Stack), 
2  lofty  rocks,  the  haunt  of  sea-fowl 
innnmerahle.      Henoe   lo   Pembroke. 

5  m..  the  route  leaves  the  coast  On 
the  return  to  Tenby,  the  tourist 
should  visit  Lampheg  (Stat.)  to  see 
tbe  mins  of  the  deserted  palace  of 
tbe  Bps.  of  6t.  David's,  in  the  gronnds 
of  Lamphey  Court  (0,  Matthias,  Esq.). 
They  consist  of  part  of  a  chapel  with 
fine  E.  window  of  Pcrp.  style,  and 
tbe  great  hall,  76  ft  loiiR.  About  2i 
m,  K.E.  are  the  mins  of  Carea  CattU, 
(called  locally  "  Carey  Castle").  In 
the  villaga  is  an  ancient  and  very 
beautiful  cross,  14  ft.  bigb,  probably 
Saxon  or  Danish.    From  here   it  is 

6  m.  to  Tenty. 
TEBitmoTON,  see  Lgtm,  King's, 
Tetbury    (Gloucest).    6   in. 

from  NAilswor&  Slat.,  Midlacid  VAj., 


Talbot) — thmons'  For  its  com  market, 
is  prettily  situated  on  an  eminence  over 
the  Avon,  which  rises  }  m.  from  town. 
The  Ch.  has  its  roof  built  on  tlia 
same  principle  as  the  Oxford  Theatre. 

BkcanioM.-^a')  2  m.  N.W,  to  Che- 
vmage  (Capt.  Chftplm),an  Elitebethan 
mansion,  1579,  with  a  fine  halt  and 
chapel.  {b)2ia.W.tc  BeveriloneCattle, 
aruinof  the  14th  cent,  with  a  modern 
tower  attached. 

TETTBNHiLL,  Bee  WolverMmpUm. 

Tew,  Gbeat,  see  Bat^ry. 

Tewkesbury  (Oloucest.)-- 
Stat,  Midland  Bly„  Ashciiurch  and 
MfilvemBr.  (JHn .-  Swan)— is  an  old 
town  on  Ihe  1.  bank  of  the  Severn,  nt 
its  confluence  with  the  Avon ;  tlio 
former  of  which  is  navigable  for 
vessels  up  to  Worcester,  and  is  crassol 
by  ft  graceful  iron  bridge  by  Telford, 
at  the  Mythe,  1  m.  N.  of  Ihe  town. 
Many  of  the  houses  are  most  quaint 
and  old-fasliiuned.  The  Abbey  Ch., 
founded  in  715,  is  one  of  the  finest 
Norman  ecclesiastical  edifices  in  Ilia 
kingdom.  The  choir  (Deo.)  is 
hexagonal,  with  chapels  and  chapter- 
house. The  choir  windows  contain 
good  tracery  and  stained  glass  of  the 
141h  cent  Over  the  arches  at  tbe  E. 
end  are  also  stained  glass  windows  with 
some  curious  flguree  of  knighls  in 
armonr  under  Oothlo  canopies.  Notice 
especially  tbe  very  ^egant  and 
elabotste  chapel  erected  by  Isabel  le 
Dospencer  (died  1439),  uid  the  rich  and 
varied  series  of  monuments  in  the 
ohnrch.  Tbe  battle  of  Tewkesbury 
was  fought,  1471,  between  the  houses 
of  York  and  Lancaster,  in  a  field 
called  the  "Bloody  Meadow,"  }  mile 
S.  of  the  town. 

ExcuTiunu,~(a)  By  boat  uptheAvon 
to  Tarining  Fleet  and  BrMon  (Bee), 
3  m.  (6)  To  Bulhley  CL,  2  m.  N.W., 
restored  by  Blore,  and  the  chancel  by 
^oU—good  painted  glass  SJid  carved 
stalls,  (c)  2}  m.  down  the  rt  bank 
of  Ihe  Severn  lo  Deerhunl  Ch. — the 
earliest  dated  (1056)  cb.  in  England. 
Notioe  font  ^estore^  with  Saxon 
sculptures,  and  remarkably  fine  brass 
'  to  Bir  J.  Cassey,  Chief  Baron 


426  TUi 

(d.  1401).     Tbe  tow»  is  a  good  ape- 
cimen  of  AugloHszoa  Btjle. 

Tliaine»— Tour  from  Kiob- 
HOND  to  Oxroap,  96  m.  (nearly). 
BoaU  maj  be  hired  and  generallj 
maf  be  hooaed  at  any  of  the  placeB 
marked  with  ao  aataruk  (*j.  PeraoDs 
contemplatiag  an  (^xciumiou  lasting 
a  week  or  more,  mo  recommended  to 
write  to  MeasTB.  Salter,  boat-biiildetB, 
Oxford  (and  Eton),  telliog  them 
what  kind  of  boat  ia  reqaired;  and 
the  number  uf  the  part^.  The  boat 
will   then  be  sent  fiir  them  to  an^ 

Since,  and,  when  the  excursion  is 
mahed,  will  be  fetched  awa;  ftom 
an;  place  by  MesBiB.  S.  Tbe  ohargee 
for  We  for  one  week,  Bre--eigbt 
oar,  5L ;  Ibnr  oar,  31.  I0«. ;  p^- 
oand  gig,  00>. ;  sculUng-gig  or  whiff, 
30i.  It  will  be  found  couBiderably 
lesa  eipeurive  to  take  a  boat  both  up 
and  down  the  ritei  than  to  hire  it 
for  one  way  only.  The  touliat  is 
alee  recommended  to  write  to  Mr. 
Taunt,  33.  Commarkefc^treet,  Oxford, 
tor  a  copy  of  his  'Map  and  Guide  to 
the  Thames,'  price  2«.  6tf.,  an  excel- 
teot  pocket  manual.  Starting  from 
'BiiOtvu^nd  Bridge,  Ed  Fie  Iiland 
(Jnn;  White  Croaa),  ia  reached,  IJ 
m.,  and  adjoining  it  •IWc&enAom  ; 
tbence  it  ia  rather  more  than  I  m.  to 
'Teddinglon  Lock  (Jnn:  Anglers); 
thence  ]]  m.  to  'Kingtlon.  From 
here  the  river  makes  a  horse-shoe 
bend,  its  left  bank  skirting  Baiapton 
Court  Park  («ee  ffamplon  Ckmrl); 
whilst  on  rt.,  about  2  tn.  from  Eing- 
Hton  Bridge,  is  the  pretty  village  of 
'Thamet  Dittoa  (see  Diaon)—Jmi: 
Swan  Hotel.  Thcnco  it  is  1  m.  to 
•Hampton  Court  Bridge  and  MottUa/ 
Lock.  A  little  beyond  the  lock  is 
'Ta^'i  Aland  and  Hotel,  after 
passing  which  is  seen,  on  I.  bank, 
"Oamck's  Villa,"  and  almost  im- 
mediately beyond,  on  sanie  side,  is 
Tillage  of  *SampUm  (Jnn;  Lion, 
not  recommended).  Opposite,  on  rt, 
or  Surrey  side  of  the  river,  is  MouUey 
Swat,  where  the  Hampton  races 
take  place.  From  Hampton  the 
river  runs  an  almost  straight  couree 
of  2  tu.  to  *8anbwry  (Inn:  Flower 
Pot,  best) ;   from   this  point  notliing 


of  hitereat  is  passed  till  *WdUm- 
on-Z^nui  (Jnn:  Duke's  Head)  i* 
reached,  1||  m.  [Between  Waltrsi 
and  Weybridge  (see)  is  the  Oatlands 
Park  Hotel.]  The  course  of  tbe  river 
now  becomes  more  circuifoiu,  and 
at  j  m.  from  Weybridge,  on  I.  bank, 
are  the  "  Ship"  and  "  Bed  Lion" 
Hotels,  at  HaUiford.  1)  m.  beyond  is 
Shepp&rton,  from  which  point  to 
SJief^^erUm  Loek  it  is  about  1  m. 
Ckrae  to  the  lock  is  tlie  Lincoln 
Arms  Hotel.  *  Weyln-idge,  nearlj 
2  m.  from  the  railway  station.  Tlie 
river  Wej  flows  here  into  the  Thamee 
is  2  stretuns,  one  of  them  (the  upper) 
navigable  to  OutWbrd  (see  also 
Wokiitq)  and  Basin^toke.  From 
the  lock  it  is  2  m.  to  *Cherlieu  Bridge 
(Jnn :  Bridge  Hotel)  and  Look  (see 
also  Cherti^).  The  town  (Jmu: 
Grown;  Swan)  is  |  m.  from  the 
river,  A  stream  runs  from  here  on 
Surrey  side  of  the  river,  throngli  the 
Jbbm  Mill,  to  Fenton  Book  (sleep 
at  Chertsey),  which,  with  'Iddeham 
(Jnn:  Horse  Bhoes),  H  m.  trom 
Chertsey  Lock,  is  a  favourite  fly- 
fishing station.  Dr.  Arnold  Uved  at 
Laleliam  For  9  yeaia,  till  his  removal 
to  Bugby  in  1828.  From  FenloH 
Book  Lock  to  Slainet  Bridge  the 
distance  is  ]}  m.  From  Btainee  it 
is  1  m.  (nearly)  to  'Sell  Weir  Lode 
(Jnn:  Angler's  Best),  on  rt.  bank, 
on  S.  of  which  is  Eghara:  beyond 
the  Lock,  1}  m.,  and  jpaBsing  on  rt 
Kunnymede,  is  JUo^nii  Charla  Itlaad ; 
tbence  another  li  m.  brings  you  to 
Old  Windior  Lode,  the  noted  "  Bells 
of  Ouseley"  Jim  being  passed  about 
midway.  At  CM  Windsor  Lock  ore 
some  waterworks  for  supplying 
Windsor  Castle.  From  this  point, 
instead  of  following  the  horae-shoe 
bend  of  the  river,  take  the  cnt  on  rt. 
bank  to  the  new  Weir  below  Albert 
Bridge,  |  m.  Fnm  Albert  Bridgs 
to  Victoria  Bridge  it  is  22  m.,  passing 
midway  on  I.  bank  the  village  S 
Datthet  (Jnnj:  Boyal  Stag;  Hanor). 
t)ie  scene.of  Falateffs  miseries  in  the 
'Merry  Wives  of  Windsor.'  A  veiy 
shcot  distance  above,  on  t..  is  the 
flshing-honse  of  Black  Fott,  well 
known    to   angleis  as   matking    ibe 


Eton,  K 


a  I  in.  farther  on  is  Ftjid»i>r 
Bridge,  wiQi  the  town  on  rt.;  27  m. 
from  BichmoDd  emd  6Sj  from  Oxford. 
Thii  IB  the  best  Btarting-point  for 
persmiB  fion  London  wbo  wish  n, 
tolerably  easy  eicureion  to  Oxford 
nnd  hack ;  end  the  rivet  above  Uton 
certoinlj  include*  tlia  beat  Hotels 
and  by  far  the  best  bits  of  etonery. 
The  least  tedioiu  mode  of  making 
this  journey,  of  oonrse,  is  to  descend 
the  stream  ftom  Oxford  and  Beadinj;, 
Between  'that  place  and  Windwii  is 
the  most  pleasina;  scenery.  Pn>- 
ceeding  from  the  boat-houBes  on  I. 
bank,  immediately  above  the  bridge 
is  reached  at  2  m.  Bovenet/  Lo<A,  and 
2}  m.  further  on  Xonkey  Iiland  and 
HoUl ;  a  very  short  distance  beyond 
thia  on  L  baiik  is  tlie  Jnn  (small,  bat 
Tsry  good)  at  Amerden  Bank ;  then 
Bisy  Lock,  and  on  rf.  bsiik,  Biay 
(Inni;  Oeorge,  close  to  the  river; 
Hind's  Heed,  in  the  village), — see 
Maidtnheod.  Beyond  Bray,  1}  m., 
is  'Maidenhead  Bridge  (Inn  ,■  Lewis's 
Hotel),  I  m.  E.  of  the  town.  .The 
tourist  would  do  well  to  rest  here, 
visiting,  about  i  at,  distant.  Bum' 
ham  Beedtet,  an  unequalled  fragment 
of  forest  scenery  and  a  favourite 
reaort  of  plcuio  parties.  Harletan 
moat,  in  ibe  ceutie  of  the  wood, 
is  ttie  remains  of  a  Boman  en- 
oampment.  Dropmort  (see  below) 
is  3  m.  oS  1  m.  E.  of  Maiden- 
head is  the  village  of  TapZoie. 
In  the  Ch.  are  some  remarkable 
braseefl.  Leaving  Maidenhead  bridge 
is  reached,  about  }  m.  distant  on  rt. 
bank,  the  Say  Mead  HoUl,  and 
almost  immcdiatdy  beyond  BtmlUr'i 
Lock.  Between  this  and  Cookhaia 
Lock,  2  m.,  the  scenery  is  highly 
picturesque.  On  I.  bank  is  the 
princely  seat  of  CUefden  (Doke  of 
Westminster),  the  magnificent  woods 
sloping  down  fi-om  the  summit  of  a 
loRy  ridge  and  overhanging  the 
river.  Two  fanner  mansions  built 
Ob  the  same  nte  were  destroyed  by 
Are,      In  one    of  them,   Frederick, 


427 

Ftince  of  Wales,  father  of  George  HI., 
resided.  The  beautiful  gmunda  are 
liberally  thrown  r^n  to  the  public 
.irodoction  of  a  ticket,  which  must 
be  obtained  from  Qrosveuor  House, 
tendon.  To  the  E.  of  Cliefden  is 
Dropmore  (Hon.  G,  ForteBcue),  the 
house  built  and  the  grounds  laid  out 
and  planted  (1801-5)  by  Loid  Gran- 
ville, Prime  MinistCT  of  George  HI. 
Persons  fiom  all  parts  of  the  world 
have  visited  these  magniflcent 
grouods,  which  are  open  to  the  public 


house.  The  collection  of  pine  trees  is 
unequalled.  Notice  aevenJ  deodars, 
60-70  ft.  high;  Pinus  Douglaaii, 
I OG  ft.  high ;  and  an  Arancaria  im- 
bricala,  06  ft.  high,  the  largest  and 
finest  in  Europe.  Opposile  Cliefden 
the  Island  of  fomuMo.  Passing 
V  through  the  Look  and  np  the  out 
we  reach  the  favourite  resting-place 
of  *Cookham{Inn;  'Ferry  Hotel,  close 
lo  river;  King's  Arms,  in  village). 
The  Beach  here  is  splendid  water 
for  perch,  loaob,  and  jack.  A  sliort 
distance  above  the  bridge,  the  Wyke 
empties  itself  into  the  river.  Looking 
beyond  the  bridge  on  L  bank  is  seen 
Eedior  Park  (Lord  Boston)  and  Ch. 
Close  to  where  the  Wyke  joins  the 
Thaaea  is  Bourne  Snd  Slat.,  dose 
landing-phice  (Jnn:  B^way), 
Maidenb^  and  Oxford  branob, 
G.  W.  Bly.,  which  here  cromes  the 
'■  The  next  .halting-place  will 
'Xarlote,  4  m.,  nearly,  Dom  Cook- 
ham  (Inn;  Anglers,  prettily  situated, 
close  to  bridge  on  river  bank,  with  flua 
view  and  small  garden,  clean  and  cosy  j 
Crown,  in  the  town).  Some  old  and 
quaint  monuments  in  Ck.  are  worth 
inspection.  From  this  point  is  passed 
on  rt.  bank,  shrouded  in  magnificent 
trees,  Biiham  Jbbeg  («.  H.  Vaosittart, 
Esq.),  and  Noiman  Gh.,  in  which  are 
some  splendid  monuments  of  the 
Hobys.  Bisham  was  given  (temp.  K. 
Stephen)  to  the  Templars ;  was  turned 
into  a  Priory,  1S38 ;  and  was  enb- 
sequently  granted  by  Henry  VHI.  to 
his  repudiated  wife,  Anne  of  Clevoa. 
Most  of  the  present  boilding  (Tudor 
st^le)  was  built  by  the  Eol^s ;   nest 


42S 

is  rEOcbed  Taivple  Lock ;  and  f  m 

yond,  HiirUy  Lock.  Hurle;  is  a  pic- 
turesque Tillage,  with  old  tiniber 
houses.  Hera  sie  the  renutiiu  of  Lady 
Place,  once  the  residence  of  Kiobard 
Iioyelaoe,  bo  celebmted  in  the  Eevoln- 
tion  of  1G88.  The  district  is  weU 
known  to  geologieta  ta  fUmisbin  g  fossila 
of  theterttaryformaUon.  Oppoaite  the 
Lock  is  HarU/ord  (Sir  W.  B.  Clay- 
ton, Bt.),  beautifully  situated,  and 
containing  some  fine  pictores.  A 
pleaeant  road  leads  from  it  to  Dainx- 
fidd  (0.  Scott  Munay,  Esq.),  situated 
juat  above  Nea  Lock  Weir.  Attached 
to  it  is  a  Boiuau  Catholic  Chapel  \ij 
Pugin.  A  short  distanoe  beyoud, 
and  1}  m.  above  the  Loch,  is  Xsd- 
menham  (Jnn;  Perry  Hotel,  very 
good),  which  will  be  found  a  vary 
pleaaiut  and  convenient  baiting- 
place  for  tiie  might.  The  ismains  of 
the  Abhty  are  close  by  the  Feny- 
honse  and  Hotel.  From  the  ferry 
it  is  4i  in.  to  'Beidey  (Iniu:  Ro^, 
best;  Angel;  Red  Lion;  Catherine 
Wheel;  White  Hart,  Hart-B^eet,  homely 
and  cheap).  A  handsome  i ' 
bridge,  built  1786,  crosses  the  i 
In  the  CA.  is  the  effigy  of  Lady 
Elizabeth  Feriam,  stster  of  Lord 
Bacon ;  and  monuments  to  parents  of 
Sic  Godfrey  Kneller's  widow.  The 
fbjnons  "Jack  Ogle,"  temp.  Chas.  If. 
and  Jas.  U.,  is  also  buried  here. 
The  conrae  for  the  annnal  Regatta 
is  from  the  inland  below  E^wlay 
Court  to  the  Bridge,  about  1}  m. 
From  Henlef  it  is  nearly  I  m.  to 
Marsh  Lock,  mmOBtte  which,  on  rt 
bank,  is  Park  Place  (T.  F.  Mailland, 
Esq.);  thenoa  it  is  2  m.  to  Shiplake 
Slat,  (l  bank),  and  fetry  (Alfred 
Tennyson  was  married  at  Shiflake 
Ch.);  1  a.  further  on  to  Shifilalui 
Lock  ;  and  2}  m,  beyond  to  *3imi\ing 
Bridge  (Inn :  'White  Hart,  charges 
mod^ate).  On  the  Berkshire  side  of 
the  river,  a  little  below  Shiplake 
Lock,  is  Wargrave  (Ian:  George  and 
Dragon).  The  Ch.  contains  a  monu- 
meat  of  Mt.  Day,  anther  of  '  Sandford 
and  MertoD.'  2  m.  N.  of  Sonning  is 
the  Twgford  Juno.  Stat.  G.  W.  Kly. 
From  Horning  Lock  to  Cavenhaia  Lock 
it  is  2)  m.,  where  it  will  be  found 


convenient  to  leave  the  boat  (not  at 
Caversham  Bridge,  i  m.  fiurther  npX 
and  get  impedimenta  carried  to  tlia 
Queen's  Hotel,  Friar-Bt.,  Beading, 
From  the  Lock  to  Oxford  the  dis- 
tance  is  38  m.     The   river   is    now 


a    homely,    olean   little    place,    vrith 

Sretty  garden  and  fine  \lew.  On  1. 
lapledurham  Botue  (M.  H.  Blount, 
Esq.),  and  a  little  N.W.  of  it.  Bard- 
wide  Uoate  (W.  Fanning,  Esq.),  ore 
fine  and  interesting  mansions.  In 
the  Ch.  at  PwUy,  sitaated  S.  of  the 
lock,  is  a  monument  by  NollekenaL 
Furley  Hall  was  the  residence  of 
Warren  Hastings  pending  his  trial. 
2J  m.  beyond  the  lock  Is  *Pan^ 
botiDie,  on  rt  bank  (Intw:  George; 
Elephant  and  Castle);  and  WhU- 
diurck  on  I.  (Jnn;  Bridge  House). 
The  village  of  Fangbouma  (Stat. 
G.  W.  Bly.)  U  one  of  the  most 
picturesque  on  the  river,  A  l^idge 
oonneots  it  with  the  village  of  Whit- 
ohmch,  in  Ch.  of  which  are  soiDe 
anoient  brssaee  (1120-162D).  Con- 
tinnigg  up  the  river,  is  reaohed 
Baiildon  Ferry,  2^  m.  from  Whit- 
church Lock;  thence  1]  m.  Gtuing 
Lock  (Inw:  MiUet  of  Uansfleld: 
Sloane  Anns,  close  to  railway  station), 
and  on  ri..  bank,  the  pretty  village 
of  Streatley  (Jnni:  Swan,  near  Uie 
river ;  Bull,  up  the  viUag^  eomfbrt- 
ablaV  a  ^vourite  resort  of  artistB. 
In  toe  Ch.  are  some  16tb-ceat.  brasses. 
A  most  interesting  walk  may  be 
taken  from  here  to  AldvortJi,  about 
3}  m.  The  Ch.  is  remarkaUe  fbr 
9  fine  monumental  efBgiea,  6  of  them 
knights  in  armour.  From  Goring 
Lock  it  is  little  more  than  1  m.  to 
CUme  Lock;  thence  1^  m.  to  MouU- 
ford  Fern/  (Inn:  Beetle  and  Wedge, 
homely,  clean,  and  moderate),  uie 
Monlsford  June  Bly.  Stat,  is  distant 
about  \i  m. ;  theooe  nearly  1  m. 
to  •  ffoHinaford  (2nn*.-  Town  Arms, 
close  to  bridge ;  Lamb,  in  High-street), 
a  very  ancient  hnongh.  Tue  lisitor 
is  recommended  not  to  sleep  here, 
but    to   prooeed   ou    his    courae    to 


THETFOBD—THIRBK. 


429 


igford  Bridge  (laii 
Iol«l),  2^  m.,  paanng, 
.,  Beaxm  Loot.  Frt 
I  2f  tn.  to  Da^t  Xoot,  pasamg, 
on  1.  bsnk,  month  of  river  Thame, 
-which  runB  through  DoroAeifer  («ee 
Oxford),  and,  just  Of^raaite  the 
mouth,  WHienhata  Wood,  a  foTonrite 
place  for  pionics.  From  Dftj'a  Look 
it  is  tienV  3  m.  to  Cti/Um  Loci 
(Jnn  at  Oiftou :  Barley  Mow,  a  litUe 
wa;  from  river,  below  the  lock  and 
on  rt.  bank) :  thenoe  2)  m.  to  Culhmn 
Jjoek,  reached  bj  the  cnt  from  Clifton 
Xiock;  thence  2  m.  to  'Abingdon 
(Jnn;  Crown  and  Thistle,  near  the 
bridge).  From  here  it  ia  8  m.  to 
Oxford,  paasiDg  on  1.  bank  the 
beaatiful  Park  of  NuiKkam  (see 
Oxford);  Bandford  Look  (Inn.- 
Ktng*s  ArmB),  2  m.  above  Naueham 
bridge  (avoid  middle  aroh,  where 
the  wat^  ia  very  shallow);  thence 
to  IfBe;  Look,  li  m.  from  SaDdfnrd 
Ijook,  and  1}  m,  from  Folly  Bridge 
Look,  Oxford, 

Ta&Hia  DrrroM,  see  DiHon. 

Thaxted,  «ee  Dunmou,  Great. 

Theobalds  Fabk,  we  Cbahuni  and 
Wallham. 

Tlietford  (Norfolk  and  Bnf- 
fblk).  Stat,  G.  K  Rlf.  inn;  Bell. 
The  town  lies  on  both  banks  of  Uie 
LeBBet  Oiue,  near  the  point  at  which 
the  Thet  river  falls  into  it.  The 
greater  part  of  the  tovm  is  on  the  N. 
irt.)  faanE,  in  Norfolk ;  bnt  one  parish, 
St.  Uarfi,  ie  in  Suffolk.  It  was  one 
of  the  meet  ancient,  and,  in  early 
periods,  one  of  the  most  imprataut 
gettlementa  in  the  eastern  counties. 
and  a  chief  reddence  of  the  East 
Anglian  kiogs.  In  the  reigo  of 
Bdward  III.  it  is  mid  to  have  coa- 
tsjned  20  chorchea,  24  main  Btreet^ 
5  market-places,  and  8  monasteries. 
The  neighbourhood  is  pleasant,  vrith 
fine  ti«es,  and  on  the  bank  of  the 
Onse  is  a  very  pretty  walk.  Near 
the  Btation  are  the  scanty  remains  of  a 
Friory,  founded  llIM,  on  the  Suffolk 
side  (d  the  river;  behind  the  gram- 
mar school,  of  the  Friary ;  and  higher 
up  tlie  stream,  at  the  ^aco  Faim,  of 
a  Beuedictiue  Nunnery. 

The  Mamd,  ot  OatSe  HiO,  is,  how- 


ever, more  interesting  than  any  other 
traces  of  the  former  imporlcuioe  of 
Thetford.  The  esfthworka  are  pro- 
bably the  largest  and  most  important 
"    England.     Theio  i 


rampart  20  ft.  high,  and  eurrounded 
by  an  outer  ditch.  From  this  mound 
a  wide  view  is  commanded  over  the 
heatliB  towards  Bury  and  New- 
nuukeL  The  Ch.  of  Linton  Doinn- 
ham,  about  i  m.  N.W.,  is  very  pic- 
turesquely    dtuated,     and     deserves 

TmBLKEBG  Lake,  see  Ortstmere. 

Xbimk  (Yorksh.).  Stat.,  N.  E. 
Bly.  IntM :  'Qolden  Fleece  H. ;  Three 
Tuns. 

This  is  a  rather  picturesque  town, 
and  the  liest  sUition  from  which  to  visit 
the  Hambleton  Hills  and  the  pleasant 
scenery  of  theii  western  slopes. 

The  Ch.  (Perp.)  is  interesting. 
It  was  given,  temp.  Kichard  1.,  to  the 
Priory  of  Newborgh.  The  main 
arcade  is  of  unusual  beauty  and 
puri^;  the  snperb  original  roof  re- 
mains nntouched  in  both  nave  and 
aisles.  The  font  retains  its  original 
Perp.  canopy. 

'rhe  SambleU>n  HilU  rise  about  5 
B.  W.  of  Thirsk,  ranging  W.  from 
Scarborough  Oastle  to  !EUack  Hun- 
bletou.  Th^  are  steeply  escarped 
toward  the  N.  and  W.  On  the  W. 
side  three  great  precipices  occur — 
one  above  Boltby,  another  opposite 
Thirsk,  and  a  tliird  at  Bolslon,  where 
the  hills  torn  S.E.  These  "  great  in- 
land cliffi,  which  are  amongst  the 
most  striMng  phenomena  of  York- 
shire, only  £Cfer  from  sea  cUfls  be- 
cause ttie  water  no  longer  beaii 
against  them." 

WkHetbtM  Clif  (that  opposite 
Thitsk)  is  especially  worthy  of  a 
visit;  and  the  connt^  all  along  the 
foot  of  the  bills  is  v^  pleasant  and 
picturesque.  From  Tnltsk  ^on  may 
proceed  to  FeliMrk,  whero  is  a  ch. 
worth  notice — thence  to  OormiTe — and 
then  climb  Whitestone  cliff — return- 
ing to  Thirsk  by  the  viUage  of  Button. 
This  round  will  be  abont  15  m. 
(You  may  drive,  or  a  good  pedestrian 


TH0BliSURT—THBAP8T0NE. 


Btone  CUB  to  Helniflley  is  about  10  m . ; 
very  rough  walking  or  driTing,  but 
Uie  sceneiy  U  very  beautiful, 

A  pleaatnt  wooded  mad,  witb  fine 
views  S.,  and  the  heatliy  mooiB  and 
cliffs  Tiaing  in  fnmt,  leads  from  Fella- 
kirk  to  OormiTe  (3  m.).  This,  the 
only  conaiderable  "tarn"  of  tbo  E. 
Yorkshire  hills,  is  about  J  m.  in  cir- 
cumferecce.  On  the  E.  rises  for  about 
500  ft,  the  steep  slope  of  the  embank- 
ment, thickly  strawn  with  fragments 
from  Whitestone  ClifC  which  forms 
100  ft.  of  abeer  precipice  at  the  back. 
The  road  winds  round  the  lako, 
and  tben  climbs  the  hill,  The 
HamblstoD  HjIIb  have  long  been 
used  aa  a  racc-coorsa  and  tniining- 
groond.  On  the  moor  above  Gor- 
mire  is  the  Mamhleloii  Hotel,  with 
indifferent  aocommodstion,  but  with 
stablea  for  raoe-horses.  Selmsley 
(inn:  Black  Hwan,  comfortable)  is 
an  excellent  centre  for  the  toorist. 
la  the  neighbouihood  are  StmamJte 
Park  (E.  of  Feversham),  i  m. — house 
and  grounda  to  be  seen  at  all  times. 
The  liouBs  containa  a  most  interesting 
and  important  collection  of  worka  of 
ftH.  Viait.  libove  all,  in  the  Park,  the 
Great  Terrace,  which  commands  a 
magaifloent  view  of  tlie  ruins  of 
Biemadx  Abbeg,  2}  m.  beyond,  IbeSrat 
Cistercian  house  in  Yorkshire,  founded 
1132,  and  a  beautiful  example  of 
Gothic  art  at  its  purest  period.  They 
coDsistmaiDlyofthe  choir  and  transepts 
of  the  ch.  and  refectory,  FromHelme- 
ley,  Kirkdale  Cavern,  4  m,,  and,  IJ  ra. 
b^ond,  iirkda  Moortide  (.Ifms ;  White 
Horse;  Eing^  Head,  both  good), 
may  be  visited.  7  m.  from  Bievaulx, 
by  a  walk  across  Uie  moors,  and  10  m. 
from  Helmstey.  are  the  ruins  of  By- 
land  Jbbetl,  founded  circ.  1131.  At 
Hotiingham  (branch  line  from  Gilling 
8lat.>— Jim:  Worsley  Anna  Hotel— ia 
a  Spa ;  thence  it  is  2  m,  to  Sling^ 
(Stat.),  where  the  Owtte  and  Ch.  are 
worth  notice. 

TuottitSBT  Fabk,  see  Nanark  and 


Ely.),  and  G  m.  N.  of  Patchwaj  Stat 
Bnatol  and  S.  Wales  Union  Rlf., 
where  omnibus  meets  alt  trains. 
Inn:  Swan — is  a  pleasant  little  towii, 
^Traced  by  tbe  ruins  of  a  splendid 
CaiOe,  built  by  Edward.  D.  of  Buck- 
ingham, in  1S11,  but  never  ffnisliod. 
It  is  a  tine  example  of  Tudor  arrange- 
ment and  architecture.  A  gateway 
(with  inscription)  opens  into  the  outer 
court.  The  W.  front  is  207  ft,  and 
contains  parts  of  1  large  and  2  small 
towers.  Notice  the  mogniflcent  baj- 
windows  and  tbe  chiianeye  of  moulded 
brick,  wrought  into  spiral  colnnuis, 
the  bases  of  which  are  ornamented 
with  tbe  Stafford  knot  Tbe  Ch. 
(close  by)  is  Ferp.,  with  fine  panelled 
and  pinnacled  tower.  Monvmini  to  Sir 
John  Stafford  (te^.  Q,  Elizabeth). 

Thoeney,  sec  Wnitdetea, 

TaouNTrai  Abbey,  see  J7uS. 

Thobpb,  see  JhnedaU. 

Thorpe  (NorfolkXaee  Ifoneieh. 

Thrapstone  (Northanta.). 
Stat,  L,  &  N.  W.  Rlj.  There  is  also 
a  stntion  on  the  MidL  Ely.  (Cam- 
bridge branch),  i  m.  from  the  town. 
Inn:  White  Hart  This  is  tbe 
best  station  from  which  to  vidt  the 
chniohea  of  Islip  and  Lowick,  and 
the  grand  old  mansion  of  Drayton. 
These  places  be  acrosa  tbe  .Nen,  I. 
To  the  rt  ia  the  church  of  TiehmarA, 
also  worth  a  visit. 


higher  ground,  and  its  tall,  Perp. 
spire  is  a  good  landmark.  The 
proportions  of  the  ch,  (which  has 
been  carefully  realored)  are  nnusu- 
aJly  perfect— tbe  cbancel  large — fine 
and  lofly  atobes  openii^  into  chan- 
cel and  tower — and  very  peculiar 
-'— .  There  are  some  good  old 
3s  in  the  village ;  and  the  ohim- 
so  obaracteriatic  of  Northamp- 
tonshire buildiog  ia  well  aeen  here. 
From  Islip  a  good  road  leada  to 
Lourick  (2  m.),  and  there  is  a  striking 
view  over  tiio  country  westwiu^ 
from  the  hill  above  Harper'a  Brook. 
The  lantern  of  Lowu^  Ch.  (which 
must  on  no  account  be  neglected  Ij 
the  antiquary)  is  seen  tiainK  among 
tbe  wood  in   boot    The  CAwitft  ia 


TSEAFSTONE-TlFBBTOlf. 


431 


t'eip.,  with  a  tower  of  later  date, 
oariTUig  an  hexaeonal  lonteni, 
snpported  1^  flying  battieBses  from 
the  tower.  In  the  ch.  remark  the 
seililia  ID  the  chancel,  and  the  chapel 
at  the  end  of  the  south  choir  niete. 
The  momanealt  and  the  glan,  bow- 
ever,  ore  the  chief  points  of  interest 

At  the  eastern  entrance  of  Uu 
village  IB  a  bam  of  the  14th  cent„ 
belonging  to  what  was  once  an  im- 
portant grange. 

Drayton  (Mia.  Btopford  Bade- 
ville),  one  of  the  most  intereatjng 
places  in  NoTtiiaraptonsbire,  lies 
about  1}  aw.  of  Lowick.  The 
liouse  is  approached  thtough  a  park 
of  confdderable  extent,  rich  in  statel; 
avenues,  and,  with  the  aorroundiDg 
grounds  and  gardens,  affords  such  a 
picture  of  antiquitj  as  will  not 
easily  be  matclied. 

The  Bc^en  through  which  tin 
court  ia  entered  is  Edwardian,  and  d( 
doubt  part  of  Simon  de  Drayton'. 
work.  The  floe  vaulted  cellan  also 
belong  b>  this  period.  The  very 
rich  ironwork  of  the  entrajice  gateu. 
and  tho  Venetian  knockers  on  the 
great  doots,  deserve  notice.  Within, 
tho  bouse  retains  its  spangled  beds, 
its  wealth  of  old  china,  and  a  gnat 
number  of  portraits. 

The  gardens  have  been  restored 
ra  tbeir  auoieut  formality.  2  m.  N.E. 
of  Thrapakiue.oQ  high  ground,  is  Tieli- 
mareli,  wliere  the  cii.  is  interesting, 
and  has  some  memorials  of  the  poet 
Drvden.  It  has  been  well  restored, 
and  has  early  Dec,  nave  and  cliancel, 
with  Perp.  windows  inserted,  and  a 
aupetb  W,  tower.  On  tlie  vicarage 
lawn  is  ^ihaps  the  finest  eedar  of 
JjBbanon  in  En;:;1nu<!,  The  lieight  is 
67  ft,  circumference  of SLrtheat  boi^he, 
90  yds.    lis  agu  is  abont  260  years. 

The  Barnviell  cAurches  and  CariU, 
and   the   Ch.   of   Fol^ooh,    may  be 


.  .  je  Dartmoor. 
Thbowlky,  see  Dovedale. 
Theexton,  sec  Andover. 
Thwaitb,  see  liicbmond  (TorJb.). 
TiCBBuBKB  Pabk,  see  fKniAeiUr. 


Tichhabsh,  Boe  ThraptUme. 

TicEEXHAM,  see  CUmion. 

TlCKHlLL,  see  Botherluvia. 

TmKBWELL,  see  JlftU<r'(  Dale. 

TlLNBT,  see  iy»n,  Kin^t. 

TiLTBY,  see  Dtmmota,  Ot. 

TiHGEwics,  see  Buckingham. 

TnfTAOEL,  see  Louneeaton. 

TiNTEHH  Abbet,  see  Chepttoa. 

TirTREE  Hall,  s«e  Kf^vedon. 

TiBBiNGTOS,  see  Athboume. 

TlvertOD  (Devon.).  A  btandi 
line  <5  m.)  runs  from  Tiverton  June., 
G.  W.  BIy.,  179  m.  from  London.  1} 
m.  irom  the  junction  is  the  village  of 
HaUiertoa,  where  the  Ch.  (14th  cent., 
restored  1848)  ia  worth  a  visit.  Tlie 
screen,  pnlpit,  and  font  should  bo 
noticed.  In  the  town  (intw;  TbePa!- 
merston  Hotel;  Angel;  Three  Tuns), 
the  Ch.  of  SL  Feler  tl5th-eent..  but  in 
great  part  rebuilt),  the  Atmtlunaei 
in  Gold-stieet,  founded  1^17,  and 
BlunddTt  Grammar  Schotl,  founded 
1604,  should  be  seen.  The  re- 
nMiuB  of  the  Ctuile  on  N.  side  of 
the  town,  founded  circ.  1100,  are 
probably  not  older  than  14th  cent 
They  ore  worth  inspection.  As  a 
forlrese^  the  casUe  was  dismantled 
after  its  oaptnre  by  Fairllix  in  Oct. 
1615.  Of  the  exterior  of  tho  CH.. 
remarh  especially  the  tower.  Green- 
way's  chapel,  and  tho  whole  8.  front 
Messrs.  Heathcoat's  laee  faetonj  is 
also  worth  a  visit. 

ExcnrtUmt. — To  Bamplon  (T  ni.,  and 

m.  &om  Uorebath  Stat,,  Taunton  and 
Barnstaple  line)  and  JhiltieTton — see 
(12  m.,  N.).  To  Creditoa  (12  m.,  8.^. 
Haul .-  Ship.  The  (a.  is  a  very  large 
and bandsinoe building.  AUttlebeyond 
tho  (jrommar  School  is  a  desecrated 
diapel  of  E.-E.  date,  and  remarkable 
for  Ule  design  of  its  E,  and  W.  ends. 
Ascend  Dotmt  Head,  a  few  minutes' 
walk  from  the  town,  for  soke  of  the  fine 
The  pedestrian  wishing  to 
reach  DartmMT  (see)  is  advised  to 
walk  to  Hoieton  Hampstead,  12  m., 
visiting  Fotbury  HiU  <»  the  way. 
2  m.  N.  of  Credilon  is  Sand/ord, 
considered  the  most  fertile  parish  in 
Devonsliire.     It  is   a  beautiful  walk 

CuUonvptoaiHoUl:  White  Hart), 

m.    S.E.     Very    fine    view   trom 


TODMORDEN-TORQ  UA  T. 


Newfi  Dovm,   1}   m.  on    the    rood. 

The  Ch.  is  peouliorly  iatereeting,  and 
the  entire  buildingnill  repay  ctu 
fill  examination.  The  rood-ecrem  _ 
a  moat  perfect  specimen.  In  tha 
neigbbourliood  are  Beveml  other 
highly  intereeting  ehurehet  —  Uff- 
ealiM,  i  m.  N.E.;  Ctdmilock,  2  m. 
farther  E.;  uid  3  m.  beyond.  Hem- 
yoek,  where  are  also  iome  moated 
mina  of  ft  castle ;  Kenlisbeare,  3i  m. 
B.,  where  on  N.  wall  of  chaooel  is 
an  epitaph  initteu  by  Sir  Walter 
Scott 

Todmorden  (Lftnc),  Stat,  L. 
&  Y.  Bly.  (7nn;  Qaeen'a,  adjoining 
Btat.)— is  a  busy  little  manufoctariag 
town,  lituated  most  charmingly  on  the 
bank  of  the  Calder,  and  at  the  junc- 
tion of  three  Talleye,  which  bjo  shot 
in  by  considerable  hills.  See  the 
Watertide  Cotton  3fiUi  belonging  to 
the  Fieldens,  which  arc  amongst  the 
largast  in  the  kingdom;  admissioD 
permitted,  if  the  objects  of  the  visitors 
are  satislaclory.  One  room  alone 
contains  1000  pairs  of  looms.  There 
is  ft  bronze  ttatae  to  the  late  Mr. 
FieldenbyFo/ei/.  Todmorden  iToH  (J. 
Taylor,  Esq.)  is  an  old  gabled  honso 
of  the  16th  oent.  onoe  the  seat  of  the 
Badclyffe  family. 

Beautiful    wiailci    abound    in    the 


obelisk  on  Stoodey  Em,  built  to 
commemorate  the  termination  of  the 
Peninsular  War.  (b)  Walk  up  the 
valley  of  the  CaWer  to  Burnley, 
9  m.,  passing  throu^i  the  rocky  and 
broken  disliict  of  Cliviger,  and  the 
beautiful  park  of  Towneley.  The 
railway  to  Buniley  runs  throngh  ihe 

ToLLEeHUNT  STaoha,  see  ifaldon. 

ToHO,  see  AU)righton. 

TopSHAM,  see  Suiter. 

TOBCROsa,  see  DartmoiUh. 

Torquay  (Devon.),  Stat,  G.  W. 
Ely.,  26  m.  from  Exeter.  The  rail- 
way branches  off  at  Neaton  June  to 
Si  m.  Torquay,  and  141  m.  Kings- 
wear  (for  Dartmouth).  1|  m.  E.  of 
Newton  is  MiBier  Down,  on  the  sum- 
mit of  which  is  a  celebrated  camp. 


Eere  the  Prince  of  Orange  planted 


his  artUlery,  16S8. 
(seat  of  the  Oorews)  is  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Down,  and  about  €  m.  from 
Torquay,  ^he  Ch.  (built  circ.  12(0) 
oontainfl  some  of  tha  moet   interest- 


ing 


the 


county,  and  shoold  be  Been  by  t 
antiquary.  ITorqwis  (Jniw .- ••Imperial, 
H.,  beautifully  situated  on  a  elope  over- 
looking the  sea — table  d'hute  at  7  r.x. : 
Royal  H.,  headquartera  of  Torquay 
Koyal  Yacht  Club ;  TorbayM.;  Yictoris 
and  Albert;  Atklnsoa's,  between  tbe 
station  sad  the  town.  All  tiiese  are 
pleasantly  and  conveniently  sihuted, 
and  are  well-managed) — is  reputed 
to  possess  one  of  the  most  equable 
climates  in  England,  is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  N,  side  of  Torbcty  at 
the  confluence  of  2  deep  mlleyH  witb 
the  sea.  Tiie  heights  sorioanding  it 
— the  Braddom  and  Warberriet  on  N., 
PaTkHiaoaE.,liad  Waldon or  Warr»a 
Hili  with  its  wood  of  Brs  on  W.— are 
studded  with  well-built  villaa. 

The  appearance  of  the  place  fnan 
the  sea  is  very  striking,  Tbe  neigb- 
bourliood possesses  a  great  variety  of 
both  beautifal  and  sheltered  drives 
and  walks.  Torbay  is  about  H  m. 
wide  at  the  entrance,  betweoi  tbe 
limestone  promontories  of  Hopii 
Norn  on  S.,  and  Berry  Head  on  S. 
This  beautiful  bay  has  an  historical 
interest  as  the  scene  of  the  land- 
ing (at  Btixham)  of  the  Prince  of 
Oiange,  5  Nov.  16S8.  It  has  been 
eloquenUy  described  in  '  Qlaucus ' 
{Canon mngsley).  Tor Abbey,fojmdai 
1196,  is  passed  1.  ou  tbe  way  fmm 
the  station  1o  the  town.  Of  the  r«- 
mains,  the  gate-hoDse  (Ilth  cent], 
"  the  rocQesB  chapter-house,  the  pnw- 
trate  masses  of  the  central  churdi 
tower,  the  refectory  converted  into  ■ 
chapel  in  1779,  and  the  stately 
grange,  are  slitl  interesting."  Tlw 
diuTchei  are:  Tor  Mdtam  (eady 
11th  cent.),  the  pariah  ch.,  a  Peip. 
building  with  a  good  font  and  some 
Jacobean  monuments  of  the  Oaryi; 
St.  Jahn'i  (rebuilt  186(0.  ooe  of  tbe 
moat  beautiful  modem  churches  in 
the  country;  81.  Lake'i  On  Waldiia 
Hill ;  also  the  modem  churches  of 
St.  Mary  Jllagdalene,  E.  E.,  with  a 


apin;  SL  UarUt  end  St.  MaUkiai. 
'ihB  Mmema  of  the  NaL  Hist  Sodetjr. 
in  Torwood-sti^et.  oontaiDs  a  good 
oharacteristio  seriet  of  ■pecimeiu 
ttoTD  KflDt'B  CaTem  (pott).  The 
Public  BatliB,  Asaembly  Roame,  and 
Bkating  Bink  are  on  aite  of  the  Beacon 
Hill,  which  has  been  removed  to 
make  room  for  a  Harbour  of  Befuge, 
built  at  great  coat  by  Sir  L.  Palk,  and 
forming  oue  of  the  best  atatioDg  for 
yaohts  on  the  south-ireit  ooaet.  Tbo 
Book  WaUt,  on  the  Wanen,  W.  of 
tbe  harbour,  aSbrda  delightful  views. 
KtnVs  Sole,  tbe  celebrated  osaiferoua 
caiem,  is  lather  more  than  1  m.  rt, 
<if  the  road  to  Babhacombe.  Per- 
inia»0D  to  view  it  tnnat  be  obtained 
ut  the  Museniu  in  Torwood-stroet, 
and  a  guide  and  torob  are  required. 
Tbe  charge  is  3».  There  are  2 
entrances  ta  the  cavern,  which  con- 
aiata  of  2  paiaiiel  leries  of  obambers 
and  galleries,  and  the  whole  may  bo 
explored  for  a  distance  of  6S0  ft, 
when  it  terminateB  in  a  pool  of  water. 
A  very  interesting  series  of  papers, 
"The  Literature  of  Kenfs  CflVBcn," 
vill  be  found  in  tbe  'TraDsactions  of 
the  DeTODshice  Assnoiation.' 

£rcuni<MU. — (a)  To  Anttit  Cove, 
about  3  m.,  juetly  considered  oue  of  the 
most  besntiful  spots  on  the  coast. 
Close  to  Uie  Cove  is  Biihopiloine. 
buUt  by  Dr.  Philpotts,  Bishop  of 
!Exeler,  who  died  bare  Sept.  1869. 
\  m.  N.  are  the  picturesque  little 
bay  and  vill^e  of  flai*a(»mie  (ftin; 
tiie  Oary  Arms,  close  to  tbo  beach). 
The  beautifhl  new  dmrch  is  designed 
by  Butterfteld.  J  m.  further  N.  is 
St.  Mary  Chureh,  where  there  are 
marble  works  th»t  will  repay  a  visit. 
The  jiariBh  chinch  baa  boon  rebuilt 
at  a  cost  of  10,0002.  Ptom  here  the 
rood  may  be  followed  1  m.  to  tbe 
romantic  landslip  of  Wateombe,  The 
now  celebrated  Terra-ooUa  Workt 
BTo  well  worth  seeing.  The  dell 
and  oofe  of  UaiileBccaBbe,  and  tbe 
little  bay  of  Labrador,  further  S., 
are  very  picturesque  and  worth 
visiting.  It  is  a  delightful  walk  bv 
the  coast  fVom  Babhacombe  to  SKal- 
doH  (ojmosile  Teignmoath),  7  m. 
The  peoesttian   is  recommended  to 


piooeed  to  Anstia  Cove  fimn  Tor- 
quay, by  H  path  croaaing  the  bill 
near  Hove'i  Note,  theuoe  by  pleasant 
paths  alone  the  cliff,  returning  from 
his  eioureion  by  the  road.  The 
above  places  abonld  on  no  account 
be  left  nnvisiled  by  aoy  stranfcer. 
Another  excursion  nta  be  made  TV., 
to  the  pretty  villafe  of  Ooekington, 
2  m.,  and  extended  bv  MaTldoti,  ii  m,, 
where  the  church  is  iutereatlng;  to 
tbe  remains,  IJ  m.  ftutter,  of  Comp- 
ton  CtuUe  (now  used  ea  a  fiumhoose). 
Tbe  castle  datea  from  early  port  of 


from  Torquay  sxirla  the  ehoies  of 
Torbaj,  md  commands  delightful 
views  as  fer  as  Giurtion  Ferren. 
Theflrst  station,  2}  m.,  is  atPaicrntoii 
(Irm» !  Qeniton's  Hotel.  Tsry  good ; 
Crown  and  Anchor),  having,  from 
its  central  situation,  Wntifol  views 
of  the  bay.  Tbe  batbing  is  excel- 
lent here.  The  CAurcA  contains  a 
pulpit  worth  notice.  Observe  also 
the  Ferp.  windows,  the  shield  of 
Bishop  Lacy  in  the  painted  glass  of 
the  NT  aisle,  and  the  Kirkham  chapel, 
with  its  tombs  on  S.  side  of  the 
nave.  Several  lanee  lead  from  this 
town  to  the  sbores  of  the  Dart  (si  e 
Tolnes  and  Dartmouth),  particulatly 
to  tlie  pretty  village  of  Stoke  GahrUl, 
remarkable  for  ita  yew-tree.  From 
the  iiexl  station,  at  Charelou  Fentrt,  a 
branch  hne  runs  direct  to  Brixham, 
(inns.'  Bolton;  Lomlon;  Ulubo,  u( 
the   Quay),  tbe  headquarters  of  tlio 


great  Devonshire  fishery  of  Torbav. 
About  200  trawlers  belong  to  this 
port    The  stone  on  which  ^e  Prince 


of  Orange  is  said  to  liave  placed 
his  foot  on  landing,  is  preserved  on 
tbe  pier.  Berry  Mead,  1  m.  E.  of 
the  harbour,  should  be  visited.  On 
the  summit  are  ruins  of  2  large  mili- 
tary stations  used  during  Uke  French 
war.  Traditionally  the  place  is  said 
to  have  been  that  at  which  Vespasian 
and  Titus  landed.  It  is  4  m.  by 
road,  and  about  7  m.  by  the  cliffs, 
from  Brixham  to  Dartmouth. 

The  ruins  of  Berry  Pomeroy  Caitie 
(see  also  Totnes)  are  about  7  m. 
distuit.     Tbe    oldest  part    is    the 


*S4 


TOBRINOTON—TOWTN. 


great  gtttoway  and  a,  ciraiilar  tower 
oooneoted  with  it  (13tb  oeot).  The 
body  of  the  bnildiiift  is  the  rain  of 
a  BiimptQoiiA  nifutBioD  begun  by  th<i 
Protector  Someiuet  Ugbrooke  Park 
(Lord  Clifford)  and  Chudifigh  Sodi 
are  very  &Tourita  axonrsionB  from 
Torquny,  12  m. 

Torrtngton  (DeTOU.).  Stat, 
15  min.  by  tllil  &om  Bideford 
(Inn:  Globe),  and  7  m.  from  Umber- 
leigb  Slat.,  is  situated  very  plensautly 
on  on  eminence  sloping  to  the  Tor- 
ridge.  Fisgmenta  remain  of  a.  oaatlo 
fonnded  temp.  Edward  III.  In  the 
Ch.  of  Aiheringlon,  tJ  m.  N.W..  is  a 
magniflcent  rood-screen,  one  of  the 
finest  eiamples  in  the  county.  11 
m.  S.  is  Haiherleigh  (Innt.'  Geo^e; 
London),  situated  on  an  ontlying 
patch  of  new  red  sandstone.  The 
dmreh  has  remams  of  a  fine  screen, 
and  of  an  oak-ribbed  roof.  Pro- 
ceedbg  from  Torrington,  S.W.,  is 
Wondford    Bridge,   and    TJ 


ToBTiNGTos,  Bee  LUUehampton. 

ToBTwoBTH,  see  Cliarfidd. 

Xo^eM  (Devon.l,  Slat.,  8.  Devon 
Rly.,  29  m.  from  Eieter,  and  8}  m. 
from  Newton  June.  Also  Stat,  for 
Bucktastleigli  and  Agliburton  Ely. 
lam:  ••Seymour,  prettily  situated 
on  river  bank ;  'Seven  Stare.  la  a 
plaoe  of  great  antiqui^,  as  shown 
by  the  ruins  of  tlie  CatOe  on  hill 
above  railway  slatioD,  the  Ch.,  and 
some  bouses  in  the  Higb-etreet,  with 
piazzas  and  projeoKog  gables.  The 
CatlU  is  said  t«  have  been  founded 
by  a  certain  Judliael,  on  whom  the 
s  bestowed  at  the  Conqi — *■ 


The  Ckurdi,  a  fine  boilding, 

was  originally  a  Ilth-cent.  Norman 
structure.  It  now  belongs  to  15th 
cant.  Observe  especially  the  Ijeautifiil 
stone  canopied  screens,  separating 
nave  from  olianeol.  The  country  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  town  is 
very  picturesque,  and  is  remarkable 
for  its  fertiUty. 


Exainiotu  should  be  made  to  tlie 
romantic  ruins  of  Berr^  Pomeroy  CaJMe 
(Duke  of  Somerset^  2  m.  £.,  ttnd  the 
Ch.,  which  coattuns  a  good  screen  and 
pulpit,  and  some  interesting  tnonn- 
meuts ;  to  BaHiTujIoa,  the  seat  of 
the  Champemownes,  1|  nt.  H.,  and 
where  the  Ch.  contains  a  fine  pnliut 
of  Hffliry  VII.'b  time,  and,  near  me 
attar,  a  curious  monnment.  Otbet 
may  be  made  to  the  old 
gateway,  and  remains  of  the  ohajtel 
of  Comvxtrlhti  Priory  (about  4  m. 
&.);  to  ^iarphaml^  Duntnt,  Baq.X 
about  1  m.  S. ;  to  HemUone,  2  m. 
N.E.,  where  the  interesUng  Peip. 
Ch.  and  the  old  pammage,  a  enrious 
te  of  15th  cent,  are  worUi 
SarberUm  Ch.,  one  of  the 
most  interesting  in  the  coan^,  oontain- 
ing  a  beautiful  Bt«ne  pulpit,  fine  rood- 
screen,  &c.,  3  m.  on  the  Kingsbiidgs 
road;  and  6)  ni.  bejond,  to  the 
ancient  camp  of  Stonborou^i  CatOe. 

By  far  Ibe  most  pleasant  excur- 
sion, however,  from  Totnea,  is  the 
trip  doum  the  River  Dart  to  DaH- 
moaih.  The  distsnce  is  12  m.,  and 
the  steamers  occupy  1)  hr.  The 
scenery  on  either  side  of  the  atet 
is  extremely  bonitifuL  Circular  day 
tickets  are  issued  at  the  railway 
station  fnabling  the  visitor  to  sail 
down  the  river,  and  return  by  r^way 
to  Torquay  and  Newton  June,  or 
(and  the  choice  should  depend  tat 
the  state  of  the  tide),  to  t&ke  the 
train  first,  and  to  sail  up  the  Dart. 
For  an  aceonut  of  the  excundoos 
which  may  be  mode  trom  Budcjati- 
leigh  (Stat  7  m.),  and  AdAmtoB,  ^ 
m.,  eee  Dartmoor. 

ToTTEBKHOE,  see  DumtaHe. 
TowTTB  (Merionethsh.),  4  hra 
by  rail  bom  Sbrewgbuty;  2J  hra. 
finm  Aberjstwith ;  1  br.  from  Dc)- 
geUey.  Inn;  ••Corbet  Arms.  Ackau 
pleasant  town,  about  f  m.  fimn  the 
sea,  with  fine  sands  for  bathing ;  it  is 
noted  for  its  che^neas.  The  interest- 
ing Ch.,  dedicated  to  St.  Codvan,  ii 
perhaps  the  oldest  in  Wales,  aoA 
has  early  Norman  nave:  the  whole 
has  been  dreadlUlj  disfigured  1^ 
putochial  "improvementa."  A  yhj 
singular  inectibcd  stone,  caUed  St 


TREXTHAM—TBVBO. 


CodT&n'e  atoDe,  lies  agaiuBt  B.  wall 
of  the  Ch.,  and  is  chi^y  interestini 
aa  eihibitiQg  a  genuine  sample  o 
the  Welsh  langnaxe,  oentories  earlier 
than  the  oldest  MSS. 

ExeurnoM. — To  Dol^Uey.lyiXMih- 
road  20  m.,  bj  mountain-road  16)  m., 
and  b^  Tal-j-llyn,  24  m.  At  1  m.  is 
Llaaegryn,  the  rcetoreii  ch.  of  wUch 
is  remaikable  for  a  BtDgular  N'orm. 
font,  and  a  veiy  beautiful  roodloft, 
Bojd  to  have  been  brought  ^om 
Cjmmer  Abbe;.  To  Tal-^Uyn,  by 
direct  road,  10  m. ;  a  beautiliil  cicur- 
aion,  3  or  i  m.  longer,  maj  however 
be  made  b;  going  to  LlanegrjirL  and 
thence  exploring  tbe  remarkably 
beautifiil  valley  of  tbe  ijver  Dy- 
Bjnni.  Cloae  to  village  of  Tal-y-llyn 
is  the  little  Inn  of  Tyn-y-Cond,  in 
ranch  repute  aiDong  anglers;  benoe 
the  tourist  may  retnm  by  nil  to 
Towyn,  or  extend   the    ' 


famous  Torrent  Walk),  to  Do^llej. 
To  Maeh^Ulh  (see),  14  m.,  by 
Aberdovey  and  Pemtai, 

IHttanees. — -Barmoath  (rail),  J  hr. , 
Dolgelley,  1  hr. ;  Harlech,  1  hr. ;  Aber- 
ystwitb.  2|  hrs. ;  MachynlleUi,  j  hr. ; 
I>ioaa  Mowddwy,  If  hr, ;  NeVtown, 
2}  bis. 

TsmmnrooK,  see  Vik. 

Tbbeh,  see  Penzance. 

Tbetfbt  ViAiiu<7r,  see  Bt.  AnO^ 

TaKFBiw,  see  Llanraet. 

Tbeoont,  see  Bt.  Amt^ 

Tbeooss  Uoors,  see  St.  Aa>t^. 

Tbemadoc,  Bee  Porlmadoc. 

Tbeht,  see  Sherborne  and  Yeonl. 


About  1  m.  W.  is  TrmUtam  SaM,  the 
superb  seat  of  the  Soke  of  Sutherland. 
The  present  noble  Italian  building 
enperseded  an  old  Elizabethan  house, 
creeled  by  Bir  Siobard  Lcveson,  and  has 
»  fine  campanile  tower  100  ft,  high. 
The  Trent  forms  a  tolerably  sized 
lake,'  round  which  are  tbe  gardens. 
The  latter  are  not  shown,  but  tbe 
FaAisopentoall.  The  Cb.  forms  part 
of  the  Hall,  and  contains  nkonumenls 
to  tbe  Levesons  and  Leveson-Gower^ 
To   B.    is    Titlensor   Heath,   having 


msgnificent    TJew    tKaa    Hounmwt 


Tbb^Cabbi,8 


Tbbvbna,  see  Xaunoofon. 

Troirbrldye    nmts).— 

a  W.  Ely,  10  m.    RE.  of  Bath. 

Jnn;   *Qtotgo  H,    Tbe  town  stands 

on  a  rocky  UU,  above  the  little  river 
Biles,  a  tributary  of  the  Avon.  It 
was  first  built  around  a  Ca»tle  which, 
during  the  Norman  period,  stood  on 
an  eminence  now  called  Court  MiO. 
The  maou&ctnre  of  cloth  is  carried 
on  with  great  aotivity.  8t.  Jame^i 
Ch.  (Perp.)  was  erected  e.  1475,  and 
restored  1S4S.  Tbe  open  roof  of  the 
is  one  of  considerable  beauty. 
From  1814  to  1S32  the  Bev.  Qeca|[e 
Orabbe,  the  poet^  was  leotor  here. 
He  lies  in  the  cbanoel,  under  a  mona- 
ment  by  Baily,  erected  by  a  parish 
snbHcriptioa. 

od  AMon  (W.  H.  Lon^,  Esq.], 
2  m.  B.B.,  takes  its  name  from  a 
famons  onicifa,  or  "holy  rood"  that 
stood  here.  The  village  of  Steaale 
(or  C/turcA)  Athian,  some  S  m.  fur- 
ther, has  an  interesting  Ch.,  erected 
between  1480  and  1500.  It  is  Perp,, 
with  lofty  clerestory,  and  the  whole 
of  the  exterior  is  of  Uie  flueet  masonry, 
and  well  finished. 

The  picturesque  mins  of  Farleigh 
CostZfi  are  abont  4  m.  W.  feani  Trow- 
bridge (see  .Broil/onl;  WUU). 

4}  m.  S.W.  U  the  village  of  Boad, 
of  Mid  oelebriW  for  the  "  Constance 
Kent  tragedy.'^  The  C%.  is  a  fine 
one.  In  WA.iddon  CK.,  3  m.  N.E. 
of  Trowlmdge,  ia  a  fine  monument  bj 
Wcetmacott. 

TBnMPWQTON,  see  CavAridge. 

Trcnoh,  see  WaUuan,  North. 

Truro  (ComwallY  SOOi  m. 
from  Paddington;  106j  from  Exeter; 
and   54  m.  from   Plymouth.      Itait: 

DobeU'B  Royal;  Ked  Lion.  Tbe 
town  (now  an  Episcopal  Bee)  is  situ- 
ated in  a  valley  at  tne  jnndiou  of  2 
streams  with  an  inlet  of  the  sea. 
There  is  little  of  intei«et  iu  the  town 
Uself,  bat  tbe  Ch.  of  St.  Maty,  a 
handsome  specimen  of  the  Perp.  at 
Henry  VII.'s  time,  and  the  Mtuettm, 


489 


TBUW—TVNBBIDOE. 


in  Union-plaoe,  lire  worth  visiCuiK. 
The  Ch.  <k  81.  CUmaiet,  2  m.  E.,  ia 
iituated  close  to  the  shore  of  the 
Tresilian  Croek,  and  in  the  grouDda 
or  the  VicataRe  adjoining  it  is  the 
Imioe  Oron,  probBbly  the  memorinl 
of  e,  Bonuiu-Britiah  ChristiMi  of  the 
4th  oi  5th  cent  On  the  opp 
Inuk  of  tha  river,  best  reaolicd  fiom 
Malpai  (pronoiiDced  !Iopu4],  2  m. 
from  Truro,  are  tlie  mansion  and 
beantifiil  woods  of  Tregotknan  (Viact. 
Falmouth),    and    not    far   from    the 

trindpitl  gateway  the  fine  Ch.  (re- 
uilt  1862)  of  St/Mickad  Penkivel, 
which  contains  2  chantry  all&rs,  witli 
tombe  and  aedilia  of  14th  cent.,  and 
a  moDument  to  Adm.  Boscawen  by 
Sji»bradi,  and  another  to  his  wife,  with 
an  inscription  from  Boswell's  'Life 
of  Johnson.'  The  Truro  Bi-ner  prc- 
aenls  some  beautifal  scenery,  rival- 
ling that  of  tile  Dart.  In  anmnicr 
ataunboats  ply  occasionally  up  and 
down,  and  a  regular  service  of 
steameri  is  contemplated.  Below 
Tr^othnan  the  Fal  River  joins  the 
Truro.  On  rt  the  woods  of  Tretistic 
(Hon.  Utb.  GilbertX  and  below  this 
the  river  expands  and  loses  its  name 
in  the  Roadttead  of  Carrt'oft,  the 
main  branch  of  Falmonth  Harbour. 
The  oliff-Hcenety  on  the  N.  coast 
should  bo  seen  —  eapecioUj  that  be- 
tween Ferran  Forth  and  St,  Agne^ 
Beacon.  On  the  road  to  it  may  be 
visited  the  ruins  of  the  Ch.  of  St 
Piratt  (8  m.),  buried  for  centuries  in 
the  sand  which  had  been  blown  over 
them.  The  sandy  cove  of  Penan  Forth 
(a  very  favourite  resort)  is  2  m.  W.,but 
the  stranger  wishing  to  visit  the 
ruins  should  ask  for  the  hamlet  of 
Bote,  where  he  may  obtain  a  guide. 
Paran  Sonnd,  on  the  road  to  Ferran 
Forth,  and  about  1}  m.  N.  of  the 
church-town  of  FerramabiHoe,  was 
probably  used  by  the  Britons  of 
"  West  Wales "  as  a  theatre  for  the 
exhibition  of  feats  of  strength,  &c., 
and  was  certainly  employed  by  the 
Cornish  of  later  days  for  tlie  per- 
formance of  Mirage  Playe.  It  is  a 
most  perfect  relic  of  the  kind,  and 
well  worth  visiting. 
8t.  Agwf  Bmeon  (621  £t)  is  4  m. 


W.  of  Fenanzabuloe.  The  Tillage 
is  distinguisbed  as  the  birthplace  <rf 
the  painter  Opie,  and  the  house  in 
which  he  was  bom  (1761)  is  still 
standing.  The  Ch.  should  also  be 
visited.  Profruj  (Jim;  Hawkins  Arms). 
5  ni.  N.W.,  ia  well  known  for  ita 
Ch.  (date  about  1470,  but  rebuilt, 
except  the  tower,  1862).  The  tower 
is  the  loftiest  and  most  beautiful  in 
the  county.  From  Truro  it  is  llj  m. 
by  rail  to  Falniotilh,  and  25}  m.  to 
Pentanee. 

Few  more  pleasant  excursions  can 
be  made  than  that  to  KenTial  Vale,  a 
charming,  but  little-known  district, 
close  to  Ferranwell  and  Pemyn.  It 
extends  from  the  bus;  town  of  De- 
voran  fsee  Fahiunith)  to  a  little  above 
the  village  of  Ponianootk,  about  5  m. 

TcGBAH,  aee  EmbleUm. 

Xunbrldire  (Kent),  .Tunc.  Slat, 
8.  E.  Ely.-2S  m.  via  Sevenoaka. 
42J  m.  via  Redhili  from  Charing- 
cross,  London  Bridge,  and  Cannon- 
street  Stats. — is  built  on  ground  risii^ 
from  tbe  bonks  of  the  Medway,  wh^ 
here  divides  into  6  streams,  one.  the 
"Tun."  Inm:  Kose  and  Crown; 
Bull;  Angel.  Tlio  Chequers  Inn, 
High-street,  is  a  good  specimeu  of  an 
old  Kentish  timbered  house.  Near 
the  N.  end  of  the  town  is  the  JVo 
OrammaT  School,  founded  1SS3,  by 
Sir  Andrew  Judd ;  IG  eihibitioos  of 
a  year  each,  heaides  others  of 
value,  are  attached.  Cawthome 
tho  poet,  and  Vicesimne  Knox  were 
masters,  and  Sir  Sidney  Smith  wss 
scholar.  In  the  Old  Churth  are 
effigies  of  Sir  A.  Denton  and  wife, 
161S.  The  remains  of  the  Oullt, 
early  Dec,  1280-1300,  stand  ou  the 
Medway,  near  the  centre  of  tbe 
town,  close  to  the  Base  and  Crowu 
Inn,  Permission  to  visit  ruins  ntay 
be  obtained  any  day  from  the  present 
occupier,  Urs.  Senior.  Notice  eqte- 
ctnlly  the  noble  square  gateboose 
(13tn  cent.)  and  tlie  varioBS  mouldings 
aud  enrichments,  which  are  rare  in 
castellated  buildings;  also  the  pecu- 
liar arrangement  by  which  beats 
were  protobly  brought  from  tbe 
Uedway,   along   the  moat,   into   the 


WNBSTDGE  WELLS. 


Excuriiont. — Sevenoaki  (for  Knole, 
&c.),  7i  m.  by  nil;  and  PemhuTtt 
faee  mit,  Tnnbridge  WelU);  Ight- 
ftam  Mole, — 5  m.  N.  on  the  SGip- 
boriie  road  (poat),  and  1  m.  W.  of 
Flaxtal  Ch.,  a  moet  interesting  nod 
perfect  apecimea  of  the  old  Eagliah 
moated  manor-fioiisc.  The  ball  is 
temp.  Edward  II..'  the  fireplace, 
■\vindow8,  and  chapel,  temp.  Henry 
VII[.  Somerhill  (Sir  Julian  Gotdamid, 
M.P.),  li  m.  S.,  a  fine  old  mansion, 
temp.  James  I.,  at  one  time  the  pro- 
perly of  Lady  Mualierry,  the  Baby- 
lonian "  Priii.:e89,"  of  Gnunmont'a 
Memoirs,  when  it  was  ako  the 
favourite  liaunt  of  tlie  courtiera  of 
Charlea  II.  SAtj*ortw  Cft,  4  m.  N., 
in  which  the  "  Harry  Vane  "  of  the  Oum- 
tnonwealtli  (beheaded  1662)  is  buried. 
HadloiB  Ch..  and  CWfe,  3)  m.  N.E. 

Good  fishing  and  boating  may  be 
had  in  the  river  Mediray.  Moat  of 
the  fiahiog  is  free,  but  permission  to 
fiah  in  private  water  may  be  obtained 
from  Messrs,  Curtis  and  Harvey  (Gun- 
powder Mills)  and  Lord  de  Lisle 
(Fenshunt),  Boats  ma;  be  hired  at 
the  Castle  Inn. 

TunDrldipe  "Wells  (Kent 
and  Snssei),  Stat,,  S.  E.  Bly.  (at 
head  of  High-street),  4  m.  S.  of  Tud- 
biidge  June.  Trains  in  I  br.  to  London 
and  to  Hastings.  From  Stat  (South 
Const  Bly.)  near  the  Parade,  formerly 
called  the  Pantiles,  trains  to  Brighton 
(1^  hr.)  and  to  London  (2  bia,  vi£ 
Three  Bridges).  Inns;  Calverley,  near 
tlie  High-street  Stat,  ;  Mt.  Ephraim ; 
BojfU  Kentish ;  "Eoj^  Sussex,  on  the 
Pantiles,-  Swan.  An  old  and  healtlif 
watering-place  (ioland),  now  more 
indebted  to  its  bracing  air  and 
pleasant  scenery  than  to  its  chaly- 
beate waters,  3  mails  daily  to  and 
from  London,  There  are  several 
ChuTehee,  none  calling  for  special 
notice.  The  oldest  (now  a  Chapel  of 
Ease),  built  by  subscription  168S, 
adjoins  the  Wells,  Beautiful  and 
inexpensive  specimens  of  the  "Tun- 
bridga  ware "  are  sold  here.  The 
walia  on  tlic  Conmion  are  delightfuL 
They  may  he  extended  (finger-posts 
mark  the  routes)  to  the  Toad  Socle, 
BmlhaU  Common,  1  m,  i   to  the  Sigh 


cliffs  of  the  Eastinga  sands) ; 
the  Eridge  lioeki  end  Pari!:,  3  m. 
from  the  Parade.  Eridge  Castle 
[Earl  of  Abergavenny)  is  not  shown, 
ExcwKvija.—Baybam  AUbey  (Marquis 
Camden),  6  m.  E. ;  picturesque  mms, 
13th  cent.,  shown  on  TuesdaTB  and 
Fridays:  letnmiug  through  Lamber- 
hiTtt,  a  lovely  village  2  m.  further  8. 
Graarabridge  (Stat.),  3J-  m.,  a  pret^ 
village  where  ia  the  Moat  House,  built 
1660,  occupying  tlie  site  of  the  castle 
in  which  the  Duke  of  Orleans  was 
detained  a  prisoner  for  25  years  alter 
Agincourt  The  prettiest  excursion 
ia  perhapa  that  to  Front,  3  m.  S. 
The  view  from  Fiant  Green  is  mag- 
nificent. Fiom  Ihid  spot  take  the 
footpath,  2  m,,  through  Eridge 
Park,  and  if  you  ate  driving,  send 
round  carri^e  to  meet  yon  at  Eridge 
Green.  At  Harriion't  Bockt,  2  m. 
beyond  the  Eridge  Bocks,  the  beau- 
tiful Otmanda  Segalia  grows  plenU- 
fully.  The  delicate  Hymenophyllum 
Tunbridgeusa  was  first  found  in  Iho 
neighbourhood.  PtTielmrit  Place,  7 
m.  N.W.  (Lord  de  Lisle),  open  to 
visitors  Tuesdays  and  Fridays— its 
venerable  autiquily  celebrated  by 
Ben  JoQSon,  and  owing  its  chief 
celebrity  to  the  Sidneys.  The  N.  or 
main  front  bos  a  gate-house,  temp. 
Edward  VL  The  haU  was  buQt 
1311,  and  ia  ivell  worth  inspection. 
The  house  contains  numerous  and 
interesting  pictures.  In  the  village 
are  same  old  houses  worth  notice — 
particularly  a  15th-cent.  timber  one  at 
entrance  to  oh, -yd.,  and  the  Inn 
(Leicester  Arms).  It  may  best  be 
reached  either  by  a  pleaaant  walk 
through  Speldhunt  (3  m.),  or  by 
taking  the  train  to  Fenshnrst  Stat, 
thence  by  a  pleasant  road  of  about 
2  m.  by  Bed  Leaf.  The  eicuraion 
may  be  continued  by  Chiddingstoue 
to  HevPT  Caille.  3  m.  (open  on 
Wednesdays  fcom  11-5,  but  inquiry 
should  be  made  beforehand),  interest- 
ing from  its  associations  with  Henry 
vni.  and  Anne  Boleyn,  returning 
thence,  3  m.,  by  Edenbtidge  Stat.  A 
still  more  pleasant  round  (^Qut  15 
m.)  is  by   Tuubridge  toad,  Bound's 


TVTBXmj—TWICKSNSJM. 


gale,  Mid  BidboToogh,  retnmiiig  hj 
South  Park  and  Pordcombe  Green. 
Xavfidd,  8  m.  8.,  a  mort  pleasant 
wal£,  or  drive,  throogh  Front  and 
Mark    Grou,    where    iobt    ' 


._ _      ,.    mboa  twice  daily), 

a  hight;  picturesque  Uttle  town,  ia 
about  halfway  between  the  Wells  and 
Tnnbridge.  At  Aehwra,  i  m.  W., 
where  tbeie  is  a  singular  old  Ch,,  the 
local  and  somewhat  rare  shell  Claa- 
tUia  Bolphii  is  found. 

Iioaget  excuraions  may  be  made 
Battle  (StatO,  22  m. ;  Bodiam  CaMe 
(see  HatUngi),  15  m.,  or  take  train  to 
Etcbin^ham  Slat.  (40   rain.),  thence 


Mai(Utone, 

Ttmr,  see  Extter. 

Tdbtbt,  see  Bedford, 

Tutbury  (Staff.).  Slat.  N.  Staff. 
BI7.  Jnni.'  Cieslle;  DogaodPartlidgc. 
The  OatUe  atanda  on  an  emiueoce 
washed  by  the  Dove.  The  gateway 
and  part  of  the  N.  front  were  built 
by  John  of  Giaunt,  and  afterwards 
oucujjied  by  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 
Witlun  the  walls  is  a  mound  crowned 
bv  a  modern  ruin  called  Julius' 
Tower,  in  place  of  the  old  keep.  The 
date  of  tbe  arch  is  Ferp.,  of  rich 
oharacter.  There  are  remauiB  of  2 
flne  halls  with  fireplaces.  The  Ch. 
(restored)  has  some  good  Norm,  work, 
particuhirlT  in  the  W.  doorway.  The 
Chaneel,    bj    "'      ■     -      ->  " 


Street,   i 

fuxford  (Notts.)— SUt  at. 
N.  Bly.  (Inn .-  Newcastle  Aims)— is 
celebrated  for  its  heps  and  orobards. 
The  Ch,  has  a  representation  of 
Bt  Lawrence  being  roosted  on  a 
eridiroD,  one  man  blowing  the 
bellows  while  another  turns  bim. 
The  antiquarr  should  visit  Darltim, 
3  m.  N.E,,  where  at  Kingdiaugh  he 
will  see  a. curious  old  house,  once  a 
hunting  seat  of  King  John.  6  m. 
W.  are  the  ThoreAy  Wood»  (see 
(merlon'). 

Xwlckonhikm  (Middlesex), 
Stat,  on  the  loop  line  of  the  L.  &  S. 
W,    Bly.,   on   ihe   1.    bank    of   the 


Thames,  between  Teddinglon  and 
Isleworth,  and  a  litOe  abore  Bicb- 
mond;  10  u.  Inmi  Hyde  Faik 
Comer  by  road.  Jnns :  King's  Bead, 
King-street;  Albany  Hotel,  railway 
station;  Bailvay  Hotel,  London-roaii. 
Amongst  a  large  number  of  seali 
standing  in  grounds  &moua  foF  tLe 
beauty   of  their   trees   may   be   mea- 

Tbe  Manor  Haute,  a  large  red- 
brick mansion,  which  stands  oppostlc 
the  N.  side  of  the  cb. 

OrUane  Souk,  occupied  by  tbe 
Duo  D'Aumale— 1852-71 — ia  a  lalge 
and  stately  brick  mansion,  with  aa 
oriel  centre,  and  a  long  wing  carried 
to  the  octagon  tower  at  tbe  W.  The 
grounds  are  richly  timbered  and  con- 
tain some  splendid  cedars. 

York  Souie  stands  directly  K.  of 
the  oh.  in  charming  and  Bnely 
timbered  gronuds  of  nearly  7  acres. 
It  was  occupied  by  the  Cotnte  da 
Paris  before  his  return  to  France. 

JItount  Z«6anon,  lute  the  leaideBce 
of  the  Prince  de  JoinvUle,  is  a  haod- 
modem  mansion  facing  tbe 
.  between  York  House  and  Orleans 

^  VSIa  stands  near  tbe  site 
of  the  one  in  which  the  poet  resideit, 
from  1717  till  his  death  in  1744. 
The  QrMo,  whick  figures  so  lai^T 
in  the  Lett«ra  and  Poems,  was  formed 
by  lining  the  tunnel  tmder  the 
Teddington  road  with  sheila,  qiars,  , 
and  tnineraU,  which  were  llbtnally 
futnished  by  his  Mends.  The  (Srotto 
still  remains,  or  rather  the  tannel, 
for  it  has  been  despoiled  of  all  lis 
rare  marbles,  Ac,  and  is  a  dkk 
damp  subway. 

StTOMheny  Sill,  the  GuDOW 
Gothic  Castle"  of  Horace  Walpcde 
(Earl  of  Orford),  and  now  tbe  seat 
Frances  Countess  Waldegnve 
and  Lord  Oarbngford,  stands  on  a 
gentle  elevation  about  300  yards 
man,  and  overlooking  the  Tbameii 
immediately  above  Twickeultam,  and 
a  abort  distance  E.  &om  the  Stiaw- 
berry  Hill  Stet.  of  tlie  L.  &  S.  W. 
Kly.  (New  Kingston  Ime).  As  it 
now  stands  tbe  house  is  a  renewal 
of    that    of    Horace    Walpole,    with 


TYNEMOUTH—VLVESSTON. 


modem  sujaptuonsDCBS  Buperodded, 
All  the  old  Tooms  are  thore,  though 
the  naea  of  tliem  have  been  changed. 
The  New  ot  West  Wing  n»H  added 
about  1S60-62.  The  ho<iso  coDtainB 
a  large  namber  of  portraita.  Tlie 
ground  and  gardcna  are  as  aitrective 
aud  beautiful  aa  they  were  of  old. 

Twickenham  Church  (of  tlie  Virgin 
Mary>  was  erected  1718-18,  in  a  sa- 
called  Tuscan  style.  The  only  in- 
terest the  interior  possesses,  lies  in  its 
moaameDts  and  those  they  com- 
ineiuorate.  Pope  was  buried  id  the 
middle  lusle. 

The  large  islet  oppo^le  the  ch.  is 
TuriekenhaBt  Eyot,  but  ia  best  known 
as  Eel  Pie  Iiland.  It  contains  about 
2  acres,  and  has  from  time  imme- 
morial been  a  famous  resort  of  Thames 
augtera,  boat  parties,  and  excursion- 
iata,  for  who»!  aecommodiLtion  tho  Eel 
Pie  EoUl  was  erected.  (See  Thamee.) 
The  river  from  Twickenham  Eyot 
to  the  W.  end  of  tho  lawn  of  Pope's 
Villa,  410  yards,  forms  the  IWeftsn- 
ham  Deep.  It  is  strictly  preserved 
under  the  supcriulendonco  of  ibe 
Thames  Angling  Preservation  Society, 
and  affords  excellent  fisliing. 
Two  BniBOEs,  see  Dartmoor. 
TwTFOBD  (Hants),  see  Winehetler. 
Tx  Cboes,  see  Holyhead. 
Tynemouth  (Northumber- 
land)— Stat.,  40  min.  by  raO  from 
Newcastle  (Jniw:  'Btation  Hotel; 
Bath)— "the  Brighton  of  the  North," 
At  the  extreme  end  of  the  promon- 
tory on  which  the  town  is  situated, 
and  entered  tbrouzh  the  gateway  of 
the  CantU,  are  aoe  ruina  of  the 
Priory  of  8L  ifot^  and  St.  Omityn  ; 
the  principal  remains  are  the  rnins 
of  the  Ch.,  built  by  Bishop  Gosin, 
on  site  of  an  ancient  one  erected  in 
7th  osnt. ;  the  building  was  enlarged 
in  I3th  cent. ;  a  circmar  door  and  e 
pillar  on  W.,  are  ftagmonts  of  the 
earlier  Nonnan  buil<Iing ;  the  E.  end 
remains,  of  3  tall  E.-E.  windows,  the 
centre  one  being  siurmounled  by  an 
oval  window,  the  whole  of  singula] 
bean^  and  brightness ;  beneath  ii 
itory  of  8t.  Mary  (temp. 
__!,>,  and  restored  1:  "  ' 
8  vaulted  roof  with  r 


ating  in  3  ttosses  decorated  with 
figures  of  Christ  and  12  Apostles ; 
there  is  a  wide  view  of  sea  and  coast 
fiwm  the  Priory.  Immodiately  below, 
at  entrance  of  harbour,  lie  the 
dangerous  rocks  called  the  Black 
Middent ;  beyond  on  the  Durham 
'  is  the  Kerd  Sand.  I|  m.  N.  is 
the  fishing  village  of  CvllerooaU,  with 
10  quiet  lodging-houses.  An  ex- 
sion  may  ha  made  by  rail,  25  m., 
„  Beaion  Delaval  (Lord  HaBtdngs), 
bnik  by  Sir  John  VarArvgh;  STW. 
of  the  mansion  is  the  Chapel,  tho 
only  remains  of  the  ancient  Cattle, 
a,  most  interesting  specimen  of  early 
and  perfect  Norm.  It  ia  well  worth 
while  to  make  an  excursion  up  Iliu 
river,  from  Tynemouth  to  Newcastlo 
by  night,  for  the  sake  of  the  sptc- 
tacle  afforded  by  the  flaring  furnaces 
"~i  each  side. 
About  1  m.  S.W.  of  Tynemoulli 
Nortli  Shields,  containing  nothing 
intereat,  and  connected  by  SUam 
Ferrff  with  South  Shields,  where  tho 
Church  of  31.  Eilda,  in  Market-plnce, 
is  of  gr^t  antiqui^.  On  S.  and  E. 
tlie  town  ia  bounded  by  enormous 
"  ballast-hills,"  which  are  (f  great 
botanical  interest,  containing  curious 
exotic  plants  sprung  from  seed  brought 
with  the  foreign  ballast.  2  m.  S.E. 
are  the  wild  Martden  Boekt  (see 
Sunderland).  From  Bouth  Biiielda  may 
bo  viaitod  Jarroa!,  about  2}^  m.,  and 
Monhtoii,  IJ  m,  further  on  (see  Sun- 
derlatidy 

Ttn-t-Cobnel,  see  Dol^eg. 
Ttn-t-Gboes,  see  Eolgelley. 
VnrcuLME,  see  Tiverton. 
Uffiho'ton,  SCO  Faringdott. 
ULaiuif ,  see  Morpeth. 
Ullswateb,  see  Patlerdaie. 
Ulvbesoboft  PBiOBYjsee  Leicester. 
Vlvei«ton(I^no.)— Sl8t.,Fur- 
nesB  BIy.  June,  for  Windermere — ace 
Lakes.    (Inns:   Sun;  Queen's;  Bmd- 
dyll's   Arms ;    County.)      Poet-affiee, 
Queen-street— is  a  brisk  little  town  near 
the  Leven  estuary,  and  conuecled  with 
Morecambe  Bay  bjr  a  ship  canal,  near 
to  the  banks  of  which  extensive  hicma- 
tite  blast  furnaces  and  paper  works  ore 
erected.  It  is  the  capital  ca  the  Fomess 
district,  and  is  principally  dependent 


440 


DPFimnAM—VTTOXETEB. 


upon  Che  biematile  ore  miaM  for  its 
trade.  The  Ch.  (SL  Huv'b)  i 
much  modemued  was  originuly  Nc 
It  has  a  Sne  Norm.  S.  doorway  and 
ancient  tower,  Jlfonutn«n(i :  la)  fo  Sir 
J.  Burow,  the  Arctic  explorer;  [6)  Sir 
Wm.  Sandya  of  Comihead  (temp. 
Elii.) ;  (ol  to  memhen  of  the  Dod- 
iIJDK  bmlly,  17th  cent  On  Hood 
SiU.  1  m.  W.,  is  >  fine  monoment 
to  Sir  John  Barrow,  in  iroitation  of 
the  Eddygtone  lighthonae — a  splendid 
view.  At  DTagleyBedc,int.  8.  (across 
tlio  nulwfty),  is  Oie  cottage  where  he 
was  bom,  with  the  motto  "Paulom 
BDflicit." 

Ejxurtiottt. — To  Conithead  Friory  (at 
present,  1876,  nninhabited),  a  fine  Eli- 
zabethan houses  2  m.  S.E.  The  gar- 
dena  are  worth  seebg.  Continue 
to  ISardKa  (1  ».)•  and  2  m.  further 
to  lummit  of  Birkrigg,  where  are  some 
curioos  early  remains,  and  the  view 
from  which  is  very  atritioK,  To 
Unaick,  3  m.  6.  The  Ch.  dates  from  the 
Coaquest,  and  has  brfutet,  a.  lonsohudio 
monumental  stone,Hnd  carious  E,  Norm, 
key.  2  m.  further  is  Gleattoa  CattU, 
a  scanty  ruin  with  one  or  two  towers. 
A  good  trout  stream  llowa  pest  it. 
HoJker  Hail  (see  Gronge),  on  opposite 
side  of  Levea  Ertnary,  5  m.  Bail  to 
Famea  Abbey,  7J  m. ;  Grange,  Dj  m. ; 
Windermere,  8^  m. 

Uphill,  see  Wetlon-iuper-Man. 

Upholland,  see  Wigan, 

Uplyme,  see  Axmintler. 

Ufhob  Cajtle,  see  ChaHiam. 

Up  Fabe.  see  ChiehedeT. 

ITpptuB-ham  (Rutland),  3} 
m.  from  Jt&irfon  Stat,,  on  Syston 
branch  of  Midland  Bly.  (omnlbaa 
twice  daily),  and  2J  m,  tiam  Beaton 
Slat,  (omnibns  meets  the  trains),  on 
Stamford  and  Blisworth  sectjon  of 
L.  4  N.  W.  Rly.  J™*;  Falcon; 
White  Hart.  The  town  oonmsts  of 
one  long  street,  forming  a  sqoare 
in  the  centre.  Caelle  EtUiB  1  m.  on 
the  Leicester  road.  lo  the  neighbour- 
hood are  several  limestone  quarries. 
There  is  little  to  attract  the  visitor, 
except  the  well-known  Free  Grammar 
School  (Headmaster  and  Warden,  Bev. 
E.  Thnng),  6  m.  N.  is  the  capital 
town   of   Oakham.     The  church   at 


Manlon  is  a   quaint  little    boilding, 
worth  visiting. 

npTOH-ON-SiviiBH,  see  Mahem. 

CFToir  St,  Lbohasdb,  see  Oltmeetter. 

Upwwj,  see  TTi^wocfc. 

Ufwbt,  see  Weuinoirii. 

Ubchfoht,  see  Deviza. 

Ubswiok,  see  Vlveriton. 

TTbkiw,  aee  Durham. 

"ir»k  (Monm.),  Stat.  (PonWpod 
bianoh),  G.  W.  Bly.  Inn.-  Three 
Salmons,  Is  situated  nearly  in  centra 
of  the  county,  on  banks  of  the  river 
whence  it  derives  its  name.  It  is 
undoubtedly  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 
Overhanging  the  town,  afaove  the 
Abergavenny  wad,  are  the  ivy-clwt 
ruins  of  the  CatAe,  which  fonnerly 
belonged  to  the  Clares,  and  subse- 
quently to  Edw.  IV„  Bichd.  IIL,  Hen. 
VII.,  and  Wm.  Earl  of  Fembioke. 
The  excellent  salmon-flshiug  in  the 
river  is  well  known.  The  wat^  on 
both  sides  of  the  river,  from  the  bridge 
in  the  town  to  Troetrey  Weir,  is  pre- 
served by  the  "  Trostrey  Weir  Aamcia- 
tion,"  who  issue  day  and  aanoal 
tickets  (apply  at  hotel  or  poet-office). 

EccumoiM, — (o)  To  TJaviMiddodc 
Ch.,  i  m,,  near  which  the  geologist  will 
observe  an  interesting  seotion  of  (Km- 
torted  Silurian  strata,  (ft)  Tredmmorlt 
Ch.,  H  m.,  which  contadns  a  Bomui 
inscription  to  a  soldier  of  the  2Dd 
Augustan  legion. 

DManeei  (by  rail). — MoDmonth, 
13  m. ;  Baglan,  5}  m, ;  Poutypool  road, 
1  m. ;  Boa^  1)  br.  By  rcmd  :  Aber- 
gavenny, 11  m. ;  Chepstow,  10  m.; 
Pontypool,  5  m, 

Uttoxeter  (Staff,),  ptoa.  **  Vx- 
eter,"  3  Stats,     (a)  Bridge-street,  N. 
Staff.  Rly.,  31}  m,  from  Crewe,  and  13 
m.  from  Stafford  :  (b)  Dove  Bank,  Ibr 
Ashbourne  and  Maccletdeld ;  (c)  Jane 
But,  for  Tutbnry,  Derby,  and  Notting- 
ham.   Inn:  While  Hart    Is  a  pretty  i 
little  town  with  a  very  lofty  Ch.  spira           ■ 
There  ia  a  trade  in  cork-ontting  and           j 
clock-case  making. 

EMurtion.— To  ManAingUm  Ch., 
1}  m.  from  Jane.  Stat,  containing  ft  I 

flne  monoment  to  Sir  Walter  Temon;  t 

aod  about  3  m.  further  B.,  to  BatUnurp  i 

Ch.,  in  which  are  B<nne  curious  pun-  i 

tanical  figures  of  the  Agardbs. 


UX3B1DGE-~WAKEF1ELD. 


441 


Vx1irld8«  (Middi.),  Stat  (ter. 
miaiw)  of  the  G.  W.  Rly,  {Uxbndee 
branob),  15  m.  liom  I<ondon  on  the 
Oxford  road,  and  sbont  1  m.  N.W.  of 
Hillingdon  (in  which  parish  it  ii  situ- 
uted).  Jniu:  Chequers  Hotel;  George, 
aommercial ;  King's  Anns. 

This  "ancient  borough"  and  mar- 
kot  town  1b  noahed  by  two  branches 
of  tbe  Colae. 

The  Commiaiioners  cS  Charles  I., 
nnd  the  Parliament  apptnnted  to  He- 
;^Uate  a  Treaty  for  Peace,  met  at  Ux- 
Cridge  at  U»e  end  of  January,  1645. 
The  house  at  which  the  conference 
was  held,  long  knovm  as  the  Treaty 
Ilnute,  or  so  much  of  it  as  remaini, 
will  ba  found  on  the  1.  of  the  nod  at 
the  western  extremity  of  the  town, 
between  the  bridge  over  the  river  and 
the  canal.  It  is  partly  let  in  tene- 
ments, the  rest  fonns  the  Crawn  and 
Treaty  House  Inn.    The  great  room, 


oak  panelling.     An  adjoining  room, 
known  as  the  Presence  Chamber,  has 

still  more  elaboretely  carred  mins- 

Tbe  Colne  river  affords  good  ffshing, 
and  there  is  fojr  hotel  aocommodatioB 
at   the  "General  Elliot,"   Uibridge 

Valle  CRL'cte,  see  Uangefiii. 

Valltb,  see  Frome. 

Ventsob,  see  Wight,  Isle  of, 

Vbbtan,  see  Bt.  AwiUU. 

ViONiij,  The,  see  Ludloa. 

ViBoraiA  Wateb,  see  Windeor. 

Waddon,  see  Oroydon. 

IVadebrldire  (Cornwall). 
Inn»  1  the  Molesworth  Arms  ;  Commer- 
cial Hotel.  Apaasengcrtrainrunsonce 
a  day.  3  days  a  w<^e£,  to  Bodmin  and 
had^  and  twice  on  Saturdays.  The 
bridge  over  the  river  Camel  is  a  pictur- 
esque 15th-cent,  structure,  of  IT  arches. 
The  Churdtet  of  St.  Breock  and  of 
JigloKhayk,  close  to  the  town,  should 
be  visited.  It  is  a  dreary  road  (8  m.) 
to  PadiloiB  {Inns :  Commercial  Hotel ; 
Golden  Lion),  which  may  also  be 
reaehcd  by  river.  Steamers  ply  betweeu 
Fadst^iw  and  Bristol,  calling  at  Swan- 
sea and  Ilfracombe.  From  this  anti- 
quated Miing   town,  which   is  1  m. 


from  the  eea,  the  Ck».  otidttle  Petherick, 
3  m.  on  the  Wadebridge  road,  of  SI. 
Enodoe,  under  E.  side  of  Bray  Hill, 
a  short  distance  N.  of  Padstow,  half- 
buried  in  the  Mind,  ond  St.  Jtftnwr 
(very  interesting  E.-E.  Ch.  with  Perp. 
additions),  are  worth  visiting.  On  the 
oppoail«  side  of  the  Estuary,  at  Trevoie 
Head,  i  m.  W„  on  which  is  a  hght- 
house,  will  be  obtained  a  fine  view  of 
the  coast.  Through  a  somewhat  wild- 
looking  district,  the  road  leads  (6  m.) 
to  S,  Columb  Major  (Inn .-  Bed  Lion, 
kept  by  Polkinhome,  an  excellent 
guide  and  most  obliging  landlord), 
which  is  situated  about  5  m.  from  the 
sea.  The  nearest  railway  station  to  St. 
Oolumb  is  Orampound  Soad,  9  m. 
(Polkinhome  wOl  send  carriage  if 
written  to  beforehand).  TheCft^Early 
Dec.,  is  of  great  size  and  beauty.  The 
very  interesting  range  of  coast  (about 
20  m.)  between  the  TQwan  and  Trevoae 
Heads — forming  Watorgate  Bay — is 
conveniently  accessible  ftom  here. 
The  spots  specially  to  be  visited  are 
the  Tale  of  Lanherue  and  village  of 
Maagan,  Neiequay,  and  the  coast 
between  Firan  sands  and  TrovoseHeed, 
including  the  little  bay  known  as 
Bodrutban  item.  Walk  to  Maieqan 
through  the  Caraanlon  Woods.  Tlio 
Ch,  of  St,  Mawgan,  3  m.,  is  very  inter- 
eating.  In  the  ch.-yord  is  a  14th-oent. 


here  walk  ( 
lonely  little  "  Forth,"  or  cove,  and  1 
m.  N.  of  it,  to  BodTvOian  steps.  There 
is  excellent  Dshing  (trout  and  peal) 
in  the  stream  which  runs  through  the 
valley.— S(.  Cdumb  Minor  is  5  m.  W. 
from  8t  0.  Major.  Near  it  ate  the 
raiuB  of  BialUm  Priory.  2  m.  forther 
W.  is  Newquay  (Tntu ;  Old  Inn ;  Red 
Lion),  a  small  but  rising  watering- 
place,  with  a  fine  sandy  beach  and  ro- 
mantic cliffs.  The  ndghbourhood  has 
also  much  interest  for  the  geologist. 
The  nearest  railway  station  is  IViiM, 
distance  about  10  m. 

'WakeHeld  (Yorksh.).  Stals., 
(a)  Weilgate,  joint  stat.  of  G.  N.  and 
Midi.:  and  (b)  KirTcgate,  Lane.  & 
York8.Klys.  Jnin:  ••Bull;  "Strafford 
Arms.    The  town  is  well  sitoated  on 


442 


WAKEFIELD— WALSALL. 


Ibe  1.  bank  of  tha  Colder,  which  is 
nariKsble  to  Salter  Hebblo.  It  b  9  lu. 
S.  of  Leeds,  and  wag,  until  the  rise  of 
that  town,  the  icreat  cqiital  of  the 
clothing  trade  in  Yorkshini. 

The  Pan$k  Ch.  (Alt  Sainte).  the 
gie«t  fentnie  of  the  town,  was  con- 
«ecntted  in  1329.  The  tower  and 
niite  (237  ft  high)  are  (or  were)  of  this 
lUite.  The  rest  of  Uie  oh.  was  demo- 
liihed  and  rebtiilt  150  years  ktcr. 
Great  part  of  the  walle  of  the  ch.  waa 
rebuilt  between  1724  and  ISOO;  luid 
in  1861  the  tower  and  spire  were  most 
catefully  restored  under  the  direction 
ofSirG.  O.Scott. 

The  large  Cora  Exchange  is  worth 
a  visit  on  market  days.  In  the  Kirk- 
^ate,  which  runs  down  to  tbe  Calder, 
IS  n  picturesqae  timber-framed  hoase 
locally  known  aa  the  "  SiiChimblieB.'* 

Tlie  CAniif  rj(,  on  the  bridge  over  the 
Gnldcr,  S.  of  the  tawn,  may  be  regarded 
08  B.  direct  memorial  of  the  famous 
batUo  of  Wokefletd,  foaght  Dec  31, 
14<iO.  Tlie  bridge  itself  dates  bom 
tlio  reign  of  Edward  III, ;  and  the 
chantry,  originally  built  by  Sir  Bobt. 
Knoltea  in  the  eame  roi^,  was  re- 
founded  by  Edward  IV.,  in  order  that 


Duke  of  York,  and  for  those  of  the 
followers  of  the  White  Rose  who  full 
in  the  battle.  The  little  chapel  is  30 
ft.  long  and  24  wide,  and  in  lt>47  was 
restored  at  a  cost  of  nearly  30001.,  and 
service  is  occoeJonaJly  performed  in 
it  A  spot  eloso  to  the  bridge,  on  rL 
bank  of  the  nver,  is  pointed  oat  aa  that 
wheni  the  Duhu  of  York  was  killed. 
It  ia  marked  by  two  willows,  called 
'•  Duke  of  York"a  trees."  Attlie  foot 
of  the  bridge,  on  the  1,  bank  of  the 
Calder,  are  the  huge  Soke  MiUi.  where, 
until  18S3,  a  very  ancient  feudal  law 
compelled  the  inhabitants  to  send  all 
their  com  to  be  ground, 

Loice  Hilt,  commanding  moat  ex- 
teusivo  views,  is  very  near  Wakefield, 
S.W.  There  are  a  loouud  ond  earth- 
works, enclosing  about  3  ocres,  and 
the  site  may  have  been  tllat  of  a  Baion 
stronghold. 

An  interesting  Exaireioa  may  ba 
made  from  Wakc^eld  to  Ximlel  Priory. 


(Walton  Hall  may  be  passed  on  the 
way.  Walton  is  about  3  m.  8.  of 
Wakefield,  and  Koatel  i  m.  bom 
Walton.  The  Sandal  and  Walton 
Stat,  aa  tha  HidL  Blj.  is  I  m.  htm 
Walton  Hall,) 

Walton  Hall  (Edward  Hailstone, 
Esq.)  was  long  the  reaideace  of  tbe 
late  Charlce  Waterton,  Esq.,  the  wdt- 
knowQ  naturalist,  whose  magniAcent 
collection  has  been  removed  to  Usbaw 
College,  near  Durliom.  Mr.  and  Hn. 
Hailstone's  impoHnut  collcctioDS  and 
most  interesting  library;  collection  of 
armour,  Venetian  glass,  needlewull, 
point  and  cushion  lace ;  British  and 
Saxon  relics,  and  many  objects  of  me- 
dieval art.  find  a  fit  rcsting-pluce  here. 

NoOel  Priory  '(Charles  Winn,  Esq.) 
is  about  5  m.  iVom  Wakefield  on  the 
road  to  DonoHster.  The  boose  (which 
ia  not  generally  ahowD,  and  a,  special 
introduction  is  desirable)  contains  s 
large  and  valuable  collectiou  of  pic- 
tares,  of  which  Holbein's  Sir  Thomas 
More  and  family  is  perhaps  the  moat 
remarkable.  I 

Tbe  existing  house  wu  built  bj 
Sir  Rowland  Winn,  on  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Priory  of  Angnstinian  Oanona, 
who  settled  here  inthereignof  Hem?!. 

Close  to  the  entrance  to  the  pork  is 
the  Oh.  of  Wragby,  for  the  most  part 
Tiima.-Nonn.  It  contains  some  good 
foreign  sculpture  and  carving.  The 
font  is  Norm. 

WALUNoroBn,  see  Tbamu. 

Walldiotoh  (Northomb.),  see  Mor- 
peih. 

WALLasNS,  see  NeacaiUe.oU'Tipie. 

Wauieb,  see  Deal, 

Walpolb  St.   Pbtbb's,  see   Lynn,     I 

Walsall  (BtaS)— 2  Stats.,  L.  6  I 

N.W.,and8,8taffRlys.  (Inn .- George)  I 

— is  a  busy  Black  Oonntry  town,  the  I 
centre  of    the   harness  nianufocturc, 

carriage  lamps,  &c.    The  Ch.  is  cmci-  I 

form  and  in  a  fine  situation,  but  tlic  i 
greaterpartwa)ire'bailtml82].  Walt 

IJ  m.  to  Biuhatt,  on  Lichfield  rooii,  I 

where  is  a  fine  old  manor-houeetemp.  | 
Hon.  VI.  (L.  Duignan,  Esq,),  where 
the  HarpuifiunilyUved  (temp.  Hem; 

VI.),  and  whose  arms  ar«   upon  the  J 

gateway  close  to  the  oh.  | 


WALSSAX,  mSTH—WAtSIlfaSAM. 


443 


1,  arorttl(NorfoU:X 

Stat.,  G.  E.  Rly^  16  m.  from  Nonaich, 
iH  a  Bmall  market  town,  nith  a  remaik- 
sbleCA.(Ferp.},  erected  in  1381.  Here 
are  a  yerj  fine  S.  porch  of  squared 
flint  and  ashlar,  a  font  with  a  loftj 
cover  in  tabernacle  work,  and  the  nilna 
of  a  tower,  147  R.  kigh,  nhicji  fell  in 
1724  and  1835.  The  remains  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  rood-screea  aie  fluel; 
curved ;  thei«  Is  bIbo  a  good  carved 
pulpit. 

The  Market^iroBS  (restored)  was 
erected  In  Bishop  Thiriby  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  VI. 

Wnrstead,  3  nu  8.B.,  is  noticeable 
from  its  having  given  name  to  the 
weil-kiiowD  woollen  fabric.  The  Gh. 
of  St.  Mary  is  one  of  tke  ^leet  in  the 
countj,  dating  from  the  latter  half  of 
the  14th  cent  It  has  a  fine  Dec. 
tower,  and  a  Perp.  nuve  spanned  by 
a  remarkable  burner-beamed  looh 
Across  the  arch  under  the  W.  tower 
extends  a  beaatilU  galler;,  not  unlike 
n  rood-loft,  unnsnallj  perfect,  and  of 
very  delicate  workmanehip.  The  rood 
stnir  remains.  On  the  river  Ant,  1  m. 
distant,  the  loiuiet  may  begin  an  ei- 
cuisioD  soutbwarda,  among  the  broo/U, 
From  North  Walsham,  the  coast 
between  Trimingbam  and  Happiaburgb 
may  be  esplored.  The  chi^  points 
of  interest  ace  Pa»Um,  Badon,  and 
MutideJey. 

At  3  m.  the  CA.  of  Trvneh  is  passed, 
it.  It  has  mnch  rich  woodwork,  snd  a 
very  fine  open  roof  (Peip.).  The 
font  is  pku^d  within  a  remarkable 
"  baptistery,"  or  enclosnre,  of  wood. 

Atundee^,  2  m.  beyond  Truncb,  is 
a  small  quiet  watering-place,  with 
remarkably  firm  and  levd  sands.  2  m. 
B.  of  Hnndealey.  and  ^  m.  from  the 
sen,  ia  Poston,  the  chief  eest  of  the 
Paalon  family  l»efore  they  removed  to 
Oinead.  The  cliff  here  is  high,  and 
a  long  line  of  coast  is  visible. 

At  Badoa,  about  1  m.  S.E!.  of  Paston, 
are  the  retoains  of  Bnnnholm  Priory, 
founded  in  1113  for  Cluniac  monka. 
The  ruins  stand  within  a  farmyard. 
The  chief  existing  remains  are  those 
of  the  N.  transept  of  the  eh.,  the  dor- 
mitory, and  the  chapter-house.  All 
aie  crumbling  and  exposed  to  injury, 


thongh  picturesque  with  ivy  and  wild 
flowers.  The  Paatona  were  gtett 
patrons  of  Btomliolni. 

From  Bacton  to  HappMmrgh  (called 
Hazeborougb)  the  distance  is  4  m. 
Here  are  two  lighthonses.  The  Ck.  is 
Peip,  with  a  lofty  tower.  4  m.  beyond 
Walsham  is  Onnton  Stat.,  whence  the 
railway  is  continued  to  Cromer,  4}  m. 

'WalNlng-liniU,  Nete  or  lAUle 
(Norfolk).  8taL,G.  E.  Bl j.,  4i  m.  from 
WeOt.  Inn:  Black  I.ion.  This  is  an 
old-iaahianed  town,  pleasantly  situated, 
7  m.  from  the  sea.  The  narrow  streets, 
with  their  many  gables  and  rod  rooGi, 
are  perhaps  not  greatly  changeil  sinco 
the  15th  cent,  when  tbey  were  tlirongfd 
by  pilgrims  from  all  parts  of  the  world, 
anxious  to  pay  their  vows  at  the  shrine 
of  Our  Lady  of  Walnnghim.  Tlio 
last  regal  devotee  was  Henry  VIII., 
who  in  the  second  year  of  his  reign 
walked  batefbot  frwn  the  village  of 
Barsham ;  a  little  later,  however,  be 
caused  the  image  of  Our  Ijidy  of 
to  be  burnt  at  Chelsea, 
of  the  Priory  (attached  to 
which  was  this  famous  shrine)  are  the 
property  of  Henry  James  Lee  Waroer, 
whose  modem  house  occupies  part  of 


entered  by  a  gateway,  of  early  Perp. 
cbaractei*.  opeuiog    to    the  principal 

The  Befeebtry  is  B.  Dec ;  and  its 
beautiful  W.  window  has  been  carc- 
fblW  restored. 


O^er. 


to  the  readbg  pulpit,  and  of  the  hutEery 
hatch  in  the  S.  wall. 

Some  distance  E.  of  the  ch.  is  a 
Norman  arch  leading  to  a  stone  bath, 
and  two  Wishing  Wells. 

The  Paritli  Church  (rralonKl)  is 
throughout  Perp.  The  piers  should 
be  noticed  for  the  manner  in  which 
the  shafts  ate  carried  up  iido  the 
capitals.  From  the  chanc^  a  cliapel 
opens  on  eiUier  side,  with  one  broad 
and  one  narrow  arch — a  striking  ar- 
rangement The  font  has  been  very 
fine.  Thera  is  a  restored  model  of  it 
in  the  Crystal  Palace. 

At  the  8.  end  (^  tlie  town  are  the 
extensive  remains  of  a  PratKin-Ma  dm- 


WALTSAM—WALTHAMSTO  W. 


venlt  but  IJ; 


e  of  little  arcMtecttiral 


i  of 


grey  fiiazj  and  an  bospital  for  lepers, 
2  m.  S.  of  WalMnghEUD,  tbe  Chapel 
HoughUm-le-Dale   deserves    attentio 
It  U  a.  amall  Dec  building,  with  a  fine 
window,   ftnd  a  richly  grwied    roof, 
lately  rostored. 

At  Old  or  Great  Walsiagham,  1  m. 
E.  of  Little  WalBinghaiii,are  tbe  remainB 
uf  a  Unc  Dec.  Ch.  The  nave  sod  the 
aisles  bave  good   doors   and  windows 


Walsoeen,  see  Wi^xath. 

YTaltlinm  (Essex).  Stat.  H.  E. 
Kly.,  14|  m.  from  Loudon,  \  m.  from 
Waltbam  Croea  (Herts.),  and  1}  m. 
from  Waltiiam  Abbey  (Essex). 

WalOiam  Croea  (Inn  :  Four  Swans), 
is  nami^  &om  tbe  floest  remaining 
of  "Queen  Eleanor's  CrosBes."  Tbe 
cross,  which  stands  nearly  in  f>ont 
oF  tho  Inn,  and  near  the  station,  has 
beeu  completely  "restored,"  but  "bas 
HuBbred  very  jnaterially  from  the  well- 
nioant  iadiscietion  of  its  admirers." 
About  1  m.  W.  is  Theobold't  Park,  the 
site  of  the  palace  built  by  I«rd  Bur- 
leigh, and  exchanged  by  his  son,  the 
Earl  of  Salisbury,  with  James  L  for 
Hatfield.  Of  this  magniflcent  house, 
one  of  the  most  stately  in  England,  not 
a  fragment  remaias.  Tbe  site  of  tlie 
palace  is  marked  by  the  houses  whicb 
Ibnn  what  is  known  eis  Theobtdd'i 
Square,  built  in  1765.  The  walks  in 
tliu  Park  are  oharniing.  Tbegatesare 
doxed  at  9  P.u. 

Waltbam  Aibey.  Inns :  Cock ; 
New  Inn ;  Banc's  Anns.  A  place  of 
great  historical  interest ;  and  the  portion 
of  its  conventual  Ch.  whicli  still  remains 
will  amply  repay  a  visit.  The  first  ch. 
was  built  in  tbe  days  of  Canute,  by 
Toflg  the  Proud,  a  great  Danish  TiMne. 
Tolig's  estate  was  afterwards  granted 
by  the  Ooufcsaor  to  his  brother-in-law, 
Harold,  who  rebuilt  the  cburob  on  a 
larger  and  more  splendid  scale,  en- 
riched it  with  niany  precious  gifla  and 
relics,  und  increased  the  nmober  of 
clergy  ftoin  two  to  twelve,  with  a  dean 
at  moir  head,  besides  several  inferior 
officers.      Tbe    clergy    were   secular 


Harold's  foundation  did  not  lemain 
longer  in  existence  than  1177. 
Henry  IX  had  vowed  that  in  honour 
of  Beckett  he  would  found  an  Abb^ 
of  B^nlar  Canons.  He  performed  liis 
vow  by  turning  the  Seculars  out  of 
Waltbam  and  putting  in  Regulars. 
The  Regnlara  were  at  first  under  a 
Prior. 

In  1184  Henry  appointed  the  first 
Abbot,  and  henceforth  Waltbam  be- 
came an  Abbey. 

Whether  tbe  eiisling  Fariek  Ckttreh, 
whichconsists  of  Ihenave  of  the  abb^ 
oh.  (the  choir,  transepts,  and  contra! 
tower  of  the  original  building  having 
been  destroyed},  is  tbe  actual  building 
completed  by  Harold,  a  short  time 
before  tbe  Conquest,  ia  a  disputed 
question.  The  ch.  "baa  been  cnrefully 
restored  from  the  plans  of  W.  Burgee^ 
Esq.,  and  was  reopened  in  1860. 

Tbe  only  remaius  of  tbe  abbey 
domestic  buildings  are  a  low  bridge  oC 
3  arcbes  over  the  Lea,  a  fine  pointed 
gateway  by  the  Lea,  pierced  with  2 
aroliea,  leading  into  what  was  the  court 
of  tbe  convent,  and  near  it  a  dark 
vaulted  passage,  Tbe  abbey  mills 
have  sarvived  the  wreck,  and  are  still 
UEied  to  grind  ci 

The  Governr 
buiit  on  a  branch 
Powder  Mill  River.  The  factor  covers 
about  160  acres,  and  about  3O,(iO0  Ions 
of  powder  can  be  manufactured  annu- 
ally. Abont  IID  men  are  employed  in 
the  various  processes  of  reSmng  sdt- 
petre  and  sulphur,  making  charooal, 
and  incorporatmg,  pressiug,  gianolat- 
ing,  drying,  dusting,  and  Wrelling  up 
thegunpowde;;  which  is  flrstlakento 
tbo  gland  magazine  at  the  bead  of 
tbe  works,  and  from  thence  by  the 
rivers  Lea  and  Thames  to  Purfleet,  for 

WaWuint  Foreet,  over  which  tbe 
abbey  possessed  unusoal  rights,  ei- 
l«itded  over  all  this  neighbourhood, 
and  included  tho  great  forest  of  Eppbg. 
Nearly  the  whole  of  it  has  been 
enclosed. 
WalthamBto-ir  (Esscx^  His 
I  the  road  to  Waltbam  Abbey,  between 
Leyton  and  Chingford,  6  m.  from 
Wbitechapel  and  Shoreditch  (Jharches, 


WALTON-  ON-TBE-KAZE— WANTAGE. 


There  are  four  statians  on  the  Ching- 
ford  blanch  of  the  G.  E.  Ely.— St 

Jamee'B-etieet,  Hoe-etreet,  Wood-Btreet, 
and  Hale  End. 

Lying  on  the  western  edge  of  Epping 
Forest,  at  an  easy  ilistanae  fhim  town, 
it  early  became  a  favourite  residence 
irith  opulent  citizens.  Many  quaiut, 
old-feflhioned,  17th  and  18th  Century 
nuuisiODs  reTnaJD.  embowered  in  trees, 
but  their  Dumber  is  steadily  dimiaiah- 
ing. 

In  tbe  Walthamstow  Marshes  are 
two  vaat  reservoirs  of  the  Bast  London 
Waterworks  Company,  capable  of  stor- 
li^  500  milliou  galloDS  of  watet, 
exteuding  for  more  than  a  mile  oloug 
tike  Lea.  and  covering  an  area  of 
about  120  acres. 

Walton  (Somerset),  see  Cletedon. 

Waltok  (Yorks.),  see  Wak^fidd. 

'WwKon  -  on  -  the  -  iVaise 

(Essex),  Stat,  G.  E.  KW.,  (change  car- 
riages at  ColchesterV  Iimt:  Dorling's 
Marine  Hotel,  much  the  best ;  CliHon, 
opposite  the  new  pier ;  Fortobelto ; 
Bath;  Albion.  A  watering-place  fre- 
quented mostly  by  the  Essex  and 
Suffolk  gentry,  its  principal  attractiooa 
being  the  sea  and  smooth  sandy  beach, 
several  miles'  in  exteut  and  excellent 
for  bathing.  The  best  lodgings  are 
in  the  Terrace.  Walton  Tower,  some 
distance  beyond  the  Terrace,  was  built 
by  tlie  Triui^  House,  as  a  mark  for 
vessele  entetiig  Harwich  Hartwur. 
The  present  Ch.,  consecrated  in  1804, 
enlarged  1831,  teplacas  a  former  one, 
which,  with  a  la^e  part  of  the 
village,  was  swept  away  by  an  en- 
croachment of  the  sea,  which  is  still 
gaining  on  the  coast.  A  new  pier, 
170  yda.long.basbeenerected.at  which 
tbe  steamers  plying  between  t«ndon 


S.  of  Walton  is  a  elif  much  fre- 
quented by  visitors  for  the  sake  of  the 
fossil  remains  (coprolites),  wliich  are 
numerous,  and  easily  got  at.  The 
Naze  is  a  low  promontory  etretcbing 
into  the  sea,  3  m.  N.  of  the  town. 
During  tbe  summer  months  the  Lon- 
don steamers  proceed  daily  to  Hancich 
(f  hr.) ;  Iprmch  (1}  hr.,  ap  Qie  river 
Orwell)  ;  Clacton  (J  hr.)  ;  London 
(about  r.  lira.). 


(Smrey)  lies  on  the  rt  bank  of  the 
Thames,  about  midway  (4  m.)  between 
Chertsey  and  Hampti^  17  m.  from 
London  by  road,  and  1  m.  N.  from  the 
Walton  Stat,  of  the  L.  &  S.  W.  Rly. 
Inn :  Duke's  Heed.  The  Thames  hero 
is  very  attractive.  From  tbe  bridge 
there  are  lovely  reaches  both  up  and 
down  the  stream.  One  of  Turner's 
most  charming  home  landscapes  is  his 
Walton  Bridge — a  more  pictureequu 
bridge  tlian  the  present  one.  TJiis 
part  of  tbe  stream  is  in  great  favour 
with  anglers.  From  Mount  Felix 
(an  Italian  vOla),  for  250  yds.  east- 
ward, is  WaUoa  Sale,  the  Thames 
Conservancy  preserve,  famous  for  pike, 
which  ate  t^en  bere  up  to  20  lbs. 
weight  Trout  are  not  ancommon ; 
and  there  is  good  bottom  fishing  for 
roach,  dace,  cbub,  and  barbel.  For 
boating,  the  river  is  here  most  enjoy- 

A  short  distance  above  Walton 
Bridge  is  the  site  of  Cowey  Slakes, 
where  Cnsar  is  supposed  to  have 
crossed  tho  Thames  in  his  second 
invasion  of  Britain.  Bronze  swords 
and  other  remains  have  at  different 
times  been  found  in  the  Thames  near 
Walton  Bridge. 

The  pleasant  little  village  of  .QersAatn 
lies  about  1}  m.  S.  of  Walton,  across 
the  Common,  and  i  m,  B.E.  from 
Waltou  Slat, 

^Vrantngre  (Berks.)  Stat.  G.  W. 
Sly.  The  town  is  2^  m.  8.  of  tbe 
station.  A  tramway  runs  between  the 
railway  and  Market-place— the  latter 
is  800  ft.  above  the  level  of  the  see, 
Jn»:  Bear.  This  town  is  celebrated 
Be  Ota  birthplace  of  King  Alfred.  Tlie 
sit«  of  the  Saxon  palace  in  which 
Al&ed  was  born  is  sumxised  to  be  iin 
eudoeure  called  tbe  High  Garden,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  brook  (a  branch  of 
the  Oci()  which  mns  through  tlio 
town.  The  adjoining  oTohanl  is  etitl 
called  Court  Clote. 

The  cruciform  Church  of  S8.  PeUr 
and  Paui  (built  c.  1350)  is  la^e  and 
handsome,  with  a  centra]  tower  opon 
below,  and  resting  upon  4  magniflcpnt 
Dec.  piers.  There  is  a  good  brass  to 
Sir  J.  Fitzwarten,  and  in  the  chancd 


446 


WAHE—  WABEHAM. 


an    alabaster   tomb    with    raoumbent 
flgurea  of  14th  cent 

Wantage,  though  in  a  purely  sgri- 
CDltural  district,  is  lemurkabte  for  its 
BohoolB.  The  Naliotud  School,  hj 
■Woodyej,  ia  worth  visiting  for  tho 
drawings  on  its  walla.  The  Grammar 
Sdiool,  bnilt  bv  a  sabscriplion  laisiid 
at  the  jnbilee  in  hononr  of  Alfred,  in 
1S49.  has  a  fine  Norm,  doorway,  a 
t«lic  of  the  former  scliool,  and  the 
oldest  object  in  the  town. 

Bishop  Batler,  the  sutbor  of  the 
'Analogy,'  was  bom  at  Wantage, 
1692,  in  a  house  called  the  Prioiy, 
adjoining  the  churchyard,  and  was 
educnled  at  the  gramnuir-schooL 

i  m.  W,  of  the  town,  near  a  laira- 
.  house  oalled  the  Head,  are  King 
Alfred'i  Bath  and  Well ;  the  latter 
a  baun  of  clear  water,  in  a  prettr 
dingle,  formed  by  a  Dumber  of  smaU 
petrifyin 

From 
interest  in  earl;  English 
be  visited:  the  chalc  ridge  to  the  S. 
being  the  "  Ashdown,"  whcra  the 
Danes  were  defeated  by  Alfred;  al- 
most every  ridge  being  crowned  by 
eartttworks.  Several  picturesqnely 
placed  villages  are  also  to  be  met 
that   would    supply   abnndaut 


employment  tc 

XlSpartholi 


At  SparthoU,  4  m.  W.  of  Wantage,  ia 
a  very  line  Dec.  Church.  Tho  N.  door- 
way of  the  nave  is  i^ch  and  peculiar 
Norm.,  and  the  ironwork  of  tlie  door 
seems  to  be  original. 

Wasuouu  Oastle,  see  Saliibury. 

Ware  (HeH:s.),  SUL,  on  Ware 
and  Hertford  branch  of  the  O.  E. 
RIy.,  24  to.  from  London;  21  ni.  by 
road.  Inn»:  Bail  way  Tavern;  Sara- 
cen's Head;  French  Horn;  White 
Lion ;  White  Swan. 

The  town  lies  on  the  1.  bank  of  the 
river  Lea.  2  m.  N.E.  of  Hertford.  It 
is  tho  largest  malting  town  in  Eng- 
land, and  the  nialthoiues  form  the 
most  conspicuous  feature,  both  of  the 
town  and  its  soburiw. 

Ware  Park  (John  Gwyn-Jefferys, 
Esq.,  LL.D.,  D.L.)  should  be  vimted. 
It  lies  immediately  W.  of  the  town, 
and  aflbrds  cnpital  views  of  the  valley 
of  the  Leu,  and  the  towns  of  Wan: 


and  Hertford.  The  avenue,  above 
i  m.  long,  tbrou^  which,  there  is  a 
public  way  from  Ware  to  Bengeo,  is 
partjcnlarly  &ne. 

Ware  Ckureh  (St  Mary)  is  a  lam 
and  handsome  orucifbrm  building.  On 
the  8.  is  a  I^dy  Chapel,  in  vrhioh  am 
a  piscina,  sedilia,  and  ambreya.  Tbe 
font  should  be  noticed. 


moved  from  the  Saracen's  Sead  in 
1S69,  and  sold  to  tho  proprietor  of  the 
Rye  House  (Stat.  G.  E.  BIy.,  Hert- 
ford line),  where  it  is  now  shown 
in  a  room  prepared  for  its  rcceptitwi. 

'Wnrehan  (Dorset},  Stat., 
B.  W.  RIy.  An  (Hnnibns  runs  daily 
from  tho  station  to  Sminage  (10  m.). 
Private  carriages  may  also  be  hired 
attheJiiru,  Red  Lion  H.;  and  Bear  H. 
Tliis  is  a  town  of  remote  antiquity, 
whose  ms^i^ificent  quadiangular  earth- 
works stood  the  brunt  of  many  a 
Danish  invasion;  it  stauda  astride 
on  the  ridge  between  the  rivers  Frtaae, 
S.,  and  Fiddle,  N..  just  above  their 
junction.  S.  of  the  town  rans  Uie 
Frome,  the  boundary  of  the  Isle  of 
Parbeck,  and  navigable  as  far  as  this. 
It  has  a  salmon  fishery  let  on  lease. 
Above  the  river  stood  the  castle,  the 
site  of  which  is  still  pointed  out  as 
the  Cattle  CTose.  There  are  sraue 
small  remains  irf  the  Priory  founded 
by  Aldhelm,  Bishop  of  Sherborne,  d. 
709,  between  St  Mary's  Church  and 
the  river. 

The  WalU  are  probablv  of  BritiBh 
constmctiou,  but  were  much  altered  by 
the  Parliament  during  the  Civil  Wan. 

The  body  of  St.  Mar^t  Ch.  was 
rebnilt  in  ISll ;  the  tower  and  chancel 
are  remains  of  tbe  former  structure. 
Tbe  chief  objects  of  interest  are  the 
very  curious  heiagonal  leaden  Jovl  ot 
tbe  12th  century:  the  double  S.E. 
ohapel  vrith  its  effigies ;  and  the  in- 
scribed stonea,  supposed  to  beloi^  to  s 
church  of  priuuDval  antiquity,  built 
into  the  new  walls. 

Wareham  ia  the  most  couveoienl 
point  for    the    tourist  to  diverge  to 


WAREEAM—  WABEWORTB. 


447 


expoDse  of  Creeeh  Heath ;  here  potter's 
«la;  is  extracted  from  DmnetCMU  pits 
in  immense  quantitiea.  Ttie  view 
from  tiie  HDmitut  of  Creer^  Barrow  ia 
perhapa  the  finest  for  cobnu  in  the 
W.  of  Eogknd.  At  the  foot  of  the 
bill  lies  Greeeh  Orange,  the  Todor 
mansiou  of  the  Bonds.  In  the  distant 
'woods  to  the  W.  is  Lvheorth  Cattle, 
Beat  of  the  family  of  Weld. 

1  m.  from  Worebom,  set  as  a 
coronet  on  a  knoll,  are  (he  beetling 
'walls  and  rocklike  towers  of  Cor/e 
CasUe.  The  earliest  mention  of  Cocfe 
is  in  connection  'with  the  murder  of 
King  Edward  the  Mactyr,  aji.  97S. 
No  cnatle  enisted  here  then,  but 
Klfrida,  the  Queen  Mother,  had  a 
"  liospitium,"  ot  bunting  lodge,  on 
the  Bil«  of  the  present  edifice.  The 
fiist  notice  of  Corfe  GasUe  is  in  the 
reiga  of  Hen.  U.,  a.d.  1154.  The 
c&iitio  oocupies  an  irregular  triangle, 
the  wflUs  following  the  crest  of  the 
hill,  wbiah  descenda  aJmort  CBrtioally 
on  the  E.,  W.,  and  N,  sides. 

The  northern  or  higheet  point  of 
the  hill  is  occupied  by  the  keep  and 
principal  buildinga.  The  Great  Oate- 
limy  caps  the  southero  or  lowest  angle ; 
the  BuUavanl  Tower  tbe  western. 
The  Queen'e  Soil  or  Toteer  rises  near 
the  eaeteni  angle.  Tlie  area  of  about 
3)  acres  ia  divided  into  three  wards, 
Tbe  visitor  approaches  the  ruin  &om 
the  B,  by  a  bridge  of  i  arches,  thrown 
ocioBs  a  ravine,  and  enters  it  through 
a  gateway. 

The  village  of  Corfe  CasUe  (Inn ; 
Ship)  consists  of  a  long  street  of  pic- 
turesque stone-roofed  oottogea 
The  Mateaia  of  the  Furbeck  Soeie^ 

CDsaesaes  specimens  of  the  natural 
istory,  geologjr,  and  antiqnitiea  of  the 
district  and  will  repay  a  visit. 

1}  m.  W.  is  Church  KnotcU,  in 
which  pariah  stands  the  very  interest- 
ing Eawardian  house  of  BametUm, 

Prom  Wareham  tbe  traveller  may 
visit  tbe  ruins  of  Bindon  Abbey,  i  m. 
E.  of  Wool  Station.  The  view  bom 
Wool  Bridge  ia  very  pleasing.  An 
<Ad  roanor-nouae,  now  a  farmhouse, 
stands  close  to  the  bridge  on  the  1. 
bank  of  the  river.  Bitidott  Abbes  lies 
embowered  in  bees.     The  buildings 


have  neariy  disappeared,  but  the 
fonndationa  remain,  and  the  ground 
plan  of  the  church,  oloiatars,  and 
appended  boildings  can  be  aooumtely 

Wabubate,  see  ThaToa. 

Wabk,  see  BiMiitgham. 

Warkton,  uee  Ketlering. 
Wnrkwortli  (Korthnmb.). 
3Tmin.  by  rail  from  Horpeth;  ISmin, 
from  Alnwick ;  1}  m.  from  station, 
and  presenting  a  striking  view  on  ^>- 
proach.  Inn;  *  Sun — by  slaying  here, 
tiahing  may  be  had  in  S  m.  of  tbe 
river  Coquet.  The  Ch.  of  St.  Andrew's 
(restored)  is  laid  to  have  been  founded 
736 ;  the  N.  wall,  ohanoel,  and  part 
of  lower  are  early  Norm.,  the  rest  was 
probably  erected  under  tbe  Peroi(« ; 
in  S.  aiale  is  effigy  of  a  knight.  The 
CaiOe  (Diike  of  Northumberland) 
occopies  apex  of  a  peoinsala,  sur- 
rounded oil  3  sides  by  tbe  Coqoet, 
and  is  well  worth  seeing ;  the  great 
Baronial  Hall  ia  69  ft.  by  21  ft.  and 
20  ft.  high ;  tbe  Chapd  has  an  upper 
seat  tor  lorda  of  tbe  oastle.  The  Lion 
Tower  was  probably  built  e.  1400, 
the  outer  bailey  walls  12th  cent.  A 
winding  path  W.  of  the  Castle  leads 
through  lovely  wooda  by  bank  of  the 
Coquet,  and  across  the  fer^  (j  m.), 
to  ^le  perfect  and  unique  Uermilage 
of  WaThaorih,  which  la  approached 
from  the  river  by  a  flight  of  steps ;  the 
outer  apartment  ia  of  masonry,  about 
IS  ft.  square,  and  builtagaiiist  the  side 
of  Hie  rock ;  on  B.  side  of  it  a  door 
leads  to  an  outside  seat  overlooking 
the  river ;  17  steps  lead  hence  to  a 
tiny  vestibnle,  with  seat  on  either 
aide,  and  traces  of  inacription  over 
inner  doorway ;  this  leads  to  tJie 
obapel  hewn  out  of  the  freestone  rock, 
18  It  by  7i  ft. ;  it  has  giviined  roof 
sprin^i'ig  from  2  pillars;  at  E.  end 
ia  an  altur ;  a  recesa  rt  contains  altar- 
tomb  with  figure  of  a  lady,  and  at  its 
foot  a  sculptured  figure  of  the  hermit 
(one  of  the  Bertram  &mily) ;  above  the 
inner  door  ie  shield  with  arms;  on 
1.  of  altar  is  a  two<miitlioned  traceried 
window;  a  doorway  leads  to  an 
inner  chapel,  about  5  ft.  wide,  also  with 
an  altar.  1]  ni.  S.E.  of  Wurkworlli, 
at  Ambh,  on  ridge  of  a  bill,  is  ru^icd 


44S 


WARMINBTEB^WARWICK. 


mil  with  Oothio  window,  a  frsgmetit 
of  a  iaoiiB«tio  bnilding,  Balow  Aiable, 
opposite  the  harbour  (whenoe  is  a 
BtnkiDK  view  looking  Mck  to  the 
oaatle),  is  Coqwt  Iiland  with  sm&ll 
fragment  of  a  Benedictine  cell,  and  a 
lightbonHs  built  &oni  the  ol({  fortiS- 
oatioa.  About  4  m.  N.  is  the  Noall 
bathing-plafe  of  AlnmouUt,  near  which 
is  very  perfect  ramp  on  a  lieight  called 
the  Beacon  EiU.  Tliere  is  capital 
inn  accommodation  and  good  flaMng  at 
Weldoa  Bridge  (see  Rothbunj). 
'Warminster  (WUi8.)-Stet., 

G.  W.  Bly.  (/nn;  "Bath  ArmB)— an 
old  and  very  clean  town  situated  ii 
pleasant  couuttv,  at  tlie  entianoe 
a  valley  under  the  eecaipment  of 

Healthy  and  agreeable  walka  may 
be  taken  on  the  Downs,  especially 
to  Cley  Sill,  an  isolated  outlying 
member  of  the  chalk  rajige,  900  ft. 
above  low-water  mark  at  Bristol, 
commanding  an  extensive  and  boauti- 
fnl  view;  the  camp  of  Scratchimrg, 
a  magniflcent  and  well-preserved 
specimen  of  a  BrilJsh  camp;  Batilee- 
buru,  anotjier  entrenobment  attributed 
to  tke  Britons;  and,  by  the  angler,  to 
gfteenoofer,  rt.  ot  the  road  to  Long- 
bridge  Dererill,  where  tliere  is  excel- 
lent fishing.  It  is  a  pretty  little  lake 
of  45  acres  deeply  embosomed  in  wood, 
and  belongs  to  the  Harquia  of  Bath, 
by  whose  orders  permission  to  fish 
ia  readily  given. 

The  chief  point  of  inlerest  is  Long' 
leat  (MarquU  of  Bath),  4}  m.  It  is 
shown  to  the  pnblio  every  Wednesday 
and  Friday,  between  the  hours  of 
11  and  4.  The  entrance  of  the 
domain  is  2^  m,  from  the  hoose. 

The  Qower  gardens  lie  at  the  N. 
and  E.  sides  of  the  house,  divided 
from  the  Deer  Park,  a  noble  slope 
of  lawn  and  wood,  by  a  large  sheet  of 
water.  The  interior  of  tbe  hooso 
presenta  a  eeries  of  grand  apartments 
remodelled  by  Bir  J.  Wyatville,  c. 
IS08,  and  hung  witli  a  collection  of 
paintinga,  chie^  limited  to  portrails, 
but  interesting  from  the  celebrity  of 
the  persons  represented. 

There  ia  an  appittach  to  the  honse 
from  the  B.  on  tbe  UioningslUHu  side, 


tbrmigh  a  bandsorae  arehed  gatevray, 

and  by  a  straight  drive  of  nearly  i 
mile  in  length. 

Beyond  tbe  S.  gate  of  Longleet  is 
the  hamlet  of  Bomingsham,  in  a  most 
picturesque  district  Tbo  boadaome 
cbnrch  was  rebuilt,  Cftve  the  tower, 
in  ISll,  by  Harriet,  Maichitmees  of 
Bath. 

From  Homingsham  a  lane  thread) 
a  winding  valley  in  the  direction  of 
BHmadon  or  Cold  Kitchen  HiU,  ■ 
height  remarkable,  not  only  for  its 
beanty,  but  for  nnmerons  vestiges  of 
the  ancient  inhabitants,  and  for  oae  of 
tlie  finest  views  in  the  oounh'. 

YVarrlnirton  (LAacaah.> 
Three  Stats. :  L.  &  N.  W.  Rly.,  Bant 
Quay  Stat.,  nearly  i  m.  frooi  the  town ; 
and  Arpley  Stat, ;  Cheshire  linea.  Mid- 
land, and  Manch.  Sbeff.  &  Lincolosfa. 
Blys.  at  Central  Slat.,  HoraemaTket- 
street.  Inn:  Patten  Arms,  adjoining 
Bank  Quay  railway  station.  Putt- 
offiee,  Sankey-street.  A  good  business 
town,  given  up  to  iron-foaodriea,  glass 
works,  and  Cotton  factories,  seated  on 
the  rt.  bank  of  the  Mersey,  which  is 
crossed  by  a  bridge,  built  by  the  Earl 
of  Derlw  in  Henry  Vn.'s  leign. 

The  Ck,  is  very  fine  with  1^^  towar 
and  spire ;  nndemeath  tbe  chancel  is 
tbe  crypt  in  good  preserratdon.  Tbe 
Tomt  Hali  wai  once  seat  of  the  Wilson 
Pattens.  Monuments  to  the  Fatten 
family  in  S.  aisle ;  and  in  the  N.  aisl^, 
of  oJaJNuter,  to  Lord  and  Lady  James 
Butler,  1463.  He  was  murdered  at 
Bewsey  Hall.  Notice  the  figure  of  the 
u^n>  servant  wbo  saved  tt«  son  and 
heir.  Thete  ia  a  Miueant  ooutainiug 
good  works  of  art,  with  library,  in 


tbe  canal  side — an  old  timbenxl 
mansion,  now  a  &rmbouse.  (ft)  To 
Winaiek,  3  m.  N.  The  Ch.  is  interest- 
ing and  has  chapels  to  tbe  Gerard  end 
Legh  families.  In  tbe  former  is  some 
grotesque  carving,  and  in  the  latter, 
same  wasses  to  tbe  Legbs  of  Lyme. 

'Warwlch  (Wanvickah.),  Stat. 
G.  W.  Rly.,  107J  m.  from  London. 
It  is  also  1}  m.  man  the  Leamingtoa 
(Milverton)  Stat  of  L.  &  N.  W.  fey. 
Inni  *'Warnick  Anns. 


WABWICE— WATFORD. 


149 


The  town  (Pop.  12,000)  is  aituated 
OD  backs  of  the  Avon,  and  ia  of  great 
Eiatiquity.  The  Castle,  the  seat  of  the 
IBarls,  is  the  great  atlroction.  It  is  a 
magniflceDt  specimen  of  the  ancient 
residenceB  of  our  feudal  ancestors,  as 
nelt  aa  ooe  of  the  most  pictnreaque 
objecta  an  attist  can  desire.  It  is 
shown  to  the  publio,  10  to  2;  but 
wheu  the  family  aie  at  home,  not  after 
10  A.u.  The  great  hall,  and  the  suite 
ofprivateapattmeDifi,  were  destroyed  by 
fire,  Deo.  ISTI.  The  valuable  paiutint;s 
and  works  of  art  were  saved,  and  among 
these   are  a  portrait  of  Chaa,  I.,  by 


Holbein,  Salvator  Rosa,  and  LudoTi 
Garaccl ;  also  the  celebialed  Warwick 
Vase,  one  of  the  moat  perfect  and 
beautiful  Bpecimens  of  ancient  sculpture 
known.  It  was  tecovoted  Irom  the 
ruins  of  the  Emperor  Adrian's  rilla  at 
Tivoli.  "  CsBsar's  Tower  "  is  probably 
as  old  as  the  Norm.  Conquest  From 
"  Guy's  Tower"  magniflcent  views  are 
obtained.  St.  Mar^t  Oh.  (formerly 
collegiate)  was  destroyed  by  fire,  1691. 

plet«a,1704,  andhas,iQmiddlcofdioir, 
&  Sue  monument  with  recumbent 
eEQgy  of  the  founder,  Thos.  Beauchamp, 
K.G.,  Earl  of  Warwick.  Tlia  beautiful 
Beauchamp  Chapel  is  on  8.  side,  and 
was  finished  in  1461.  Leamington 
iB2m,N.E„  Stratford  on  .doon  is  8  m. 
S.W.,  and  35  min,  by  rail. 

Keoilworth  (Stat)  and  Stoneleigli, 
are  5  m.  N.  (.co  Coventry).  Theluanor 
of  Kenilworlh  was  given  by  Hen.  I., 
to  Geof.  de  Clinton  who  founded  the 
Priory  and  Castle.  Possessed  at  in- 
tervals by  the  Crown,  it  was  given  by 
Hen.  IlL  to  Simon  de  Montfort;  by 
Q.  EliBkbetb,  through  John  of  Gaunl, 
to  Dudley,  E.  of  Leicester,  who  enter- 
tained the  Queen  here  for  17  days 
(read  Sir  Waller  Soott's  desoription  in 
''Keoilworth");  it  was  dismantled  by 
Cromwell  and  the  lands  and  ruins 
were  granted  to  the  Hyde  family 
(temp.  Clias.  II.)  whose  descendani 
the  E.  of  Clatendon  still  retains  them. 
On  the  toad  to  K.  the  tourist  should 
vidt  Guy't  Clig  (Lady  C.  a  Percy) 
and  Bladdow  HiU,  1}  m. 


WASHroRD,  see  Taunton, 

Watchet,  see  Lynlon. 

Watcombe,  see  Torquay. 

TViTEUMOUTH,  see  LyrUott. 

^Watford  (Herts.),  Stat  L.  & 
N.  W.  Ely.,  17p  m.  from  London. 
Branch  railways  diverge  ^m  Watford 
to  Bt  Alban's,  7  m,,  and  to  Kickmans- 
worth,  4  m.  The  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.  Stat. 
is  outjjide  the  town,  at  its  nortb-eesteru 
extremity.  For  tbe  eouthem  port  of 
Watford,  the  Busbey  Slat  ia  most  used. 
The  EidLmansworUi  line  has  a  station 
near  the  centre  of  the  High-streel. 
Jnns;  'Clarendon  Hotel,  by  railway 
station  ;  Usaei  Arms  Holel,  by  tho 
Murket-ploce  i  Rose  and  Crown ; 
George. 

Some  of  the  monuments  in  the  Ch, 
(St.  Mary)  are  inteieating  to  the  anti-' 
qnary,  and  cepecially  those  in  the 
Kssex  or  Morrison  Ctiapel,  which,  how- 
ever, can  only  be  entered  by  apecial 
permission ;  the  door  is  lockei^  and  the 
Key  kept  at  Casaiobury. 

Caaeiohary,  the  stately  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Essex,  is  1  m.  W. 

The  mahor  belonged  to  St  Alban's 
Abbey,  and  at  the  dissolution  of  mo- 
nasteries was  given  to  Sir  Eiobard  Mor- 
rison. From  the  Morrisons  it  passed 
by  marriage  to  Arthur  Lord  Oapel,  in 


Tbe  present  mauaion  was  erected 
(ISOO)  from  tho  deeigna  of  Jomca  Wyatt. 
in  his  so-called  Gotijic  style. 

It  contains  some  good  and  many  in- 
teresting portrait!,  and  there  are  some 
good  earvmgs  by  Grinling  Gibbons. 

To  see  Uie  house  an  introduction 
ia  required;  but  the  park  is  always 
open,  and  tbe  gardeni  may  generally 
be  viewed  on  application  to  the  gar- 
dener. They  are  very  beautiful,  and 
have  always  been  famous. 

The  Part  comprises  nearly  700  acres, 
of  which  127  are  attached  to  the  house ; 
310  form  the  Home  Park,  and  250  the 
Upper  Park,  which  is  separated  Jiom 
the  Homo  Park  by  the  Gade,  parallel 
to  which,  and  in  part  one  witli  it,  flows 
tho  Gland  Junction  Canal. 

Grove  Fark  (Earl  of  Clarendon)  is 

li  m.  N.W.  from  the  Watford  Stat 

of  the  L.  &  N.  W.  Ely.    Tlie  entrance 

is  on  the  1.  of  the  road  to  Abbot's 

2  a 


450 


WEDSESBVB  r—  WELLIXGBOBO  UGS. 


I^DgUy,  directly  afUr  paadng  the 
gtnuads  of  Caasioburj. 

The  main  interest  of  the  houee  lies 
in  the  collection  of  portraits  formed  by 
the  first  Earl  of  Clarendon.  The 
STonnds  of  Oioto  Pork  join  those  of 
Cassiobojv  on  the  S.,  and  Lftogley 
Bury  on  the  N.  From  the  park  there 
ia  a  pleasant  valk  throi^h  the  "  Black 
Avenue  "  to  Chnndler'B  Cioes. 

Waveblet  Abbey,  see  Famham. 

Wbae  Gitfobd,  see  Bideford. 

WbddiNGTON,  see  A'unea(on. 

'W«dnei«bury  (Staff.),  pm- 
nounoed  Wedgcbuiy— 3  State. :  L.  & 
N,  W.,  G.  W.,  and  S.  Staff.  Elys. 
(InTU:  Ihittmoiilh  Anna :  Bed  Lion ; 
Talbot) — a  place  of  great  antiquity, 
but  now  entirely  devoted  to  iron- 
works  and  foundries,  aod  has  a  lai^ 
factorf  of  railway  axles  and  tjiee. 
The  CA.  is  a  fine  crudtbtm  bailding 
(Peip.),  and  lias  monuments :  (a)  to 
Farkes  &]iiily;  (6)  an'lncised  elab  to 
John  Cumberfort  anJ  hia  wife,  1559. 

'Weedon  (Northants.),  Stat.  L. 
&  N.  W.  Ely.,  J  hr.  from  Rugby  (Jim  .- 
Stat.  H. ;  Globe,  in  the  Tillage).  An 
omnibus  1  times  daily  to  Davontrr, 
4  m.  (Jnn;  Peacock).  The  barracka 
are  ou  S.  side  of  tho  atat.  In  Stoiae 
Ch.,  2  m.,  see  iuteresting  monnmeutB : 
(a)  effigy  of  a  knight,  temp.  Hen.  III.  ; 
(b)"Lady  Carey ,^'  d.  1630;  (c)  in  N. 
aiale,  monument  of  Dr.  Turner,  Presi- 
dent of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oion. 

Week  St.  Maby,  see  Bude. 

Wbldon  Bridqe,  see  BoiMmry. 

'Wellinvborouirli  (Nortb- 
anta.X  Stats.  L.  &  N.  W.  and  Midland 
Elya.  Inn:  The  Hind.  Thisisakrgo 
market  town,  without  interest  except 
for  its  Churei, 

The  exterior  of  the  very  graceful  E. 
window  deserves  special  notice.  The 
tracery  ia  geometrical,  and  the  date  of 
the  window  is  about  1300. 

From  Higham  Ferreri  Stat,  5  m.  E., 
the  tourist  may  visit  tho  ehurohea  of 
Eigham  Ferrers,  Bushderi,  and  Irth- 
lingborough. 

At  Highara  Ferrers  the  interest  is 
gathered  round  tho  remarkable  gronp 
of  buildings — (the  church,  the  college, 
the  cross,  tho  school,  and  the  Bede- 
houae''  --  raised  by  Archbp,  Chioh^ey, 


in  honour  of  his  birthplace,  and  in 
gratitude  tbr  hia  own  great  fortunes. 
The  Ch.  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
conn^^  and  of  especial  interest    from 


On  tho  N.  aide,  a  little  ia  advance  of 

the  tower,  is  the  achool-houae ;  neai^ 
opposite  are  the  remaius  of  a  Dec. 
croas,  raised  on  steps ;  and  on  tbe  S. 
aide  of  tbe  ch.-yard  ia  the  Bede-hooae, 
or  hospital. 

The  original  Ticarago-houBe  stands 
near  the  Bede-house,  W.,  and  completes 
this  group  of  buildings. 

Tlie  olSef  points  to  be  noticed  in  the 
Ch.  are  tbe  superb  W.  portal  of  tbe 
tower;  thei'ea.  tnn(jotm;tlIealaU(oorit 
in  the  chancel ;  and  the  brames.  Tho 
building  is  E.  E.  and  Dec,  with  some 
few  Perp.  additions. 

Tho  Sehool-hoiue,  on  the  8.  ade  of  the 
ch.-yd.,  ia  a  Perp.  building  cJ  3  bays, 
with  very  good  windows,  open  battle- 
ments, and  bnttresses  carrying  finials. 
Within,  in  the  eastern  part,  is  a  stone 
pulpit.  Tlie  Sede-houie  opposite  was 
designed  for  12  men  and  one  woman. 
The  W.  end  with  ita  fine  window,  aod 
open  bell-cot  above,  ia  ^ood.  At  tbe 
E.  end  ia  tho  chapel,  aacended  by  6 
st^is  from  the  halL 

The  domcatic  buildings  of  Archly 
Chicheley'a  ColUge  are  in  tho  main 
atreet  and  have  become  very  ruinous. 

Higham  ia  the  best  starting-jdace 
for  visiting  Buehden  Ch.,  1^  m.  S.  ui 
the  high  road  toward  Bedford.  It  has 
some  striking  peculiaritiea ;  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  the  richly  decorated 
attainei  arch  across  the  nave ;  the 
small  flying  buttresses  at  the  porch; 
and  the  beautiful  "  Bocher "  arch  into 
the  S.  chancel  aisle. 

The  ground  plan  is  unusual — ashotL 
broad  nave,  of  3  bays,  and  with  bnad 
aiales ;  a  chancel  and  aisles  of  2  bays ; 
short,  wide  transepts,  opening  on  either 
side  &om  the  esstemmoat  bey  of  tbe 
nave ;  N.  and  S.  porches  in  the  western- 
moat  bays;  and  a  W.  towor  crorned 
by  a  very  fine  and  graceful  crocketed 
""  also    interesting 


lingborough.    Ita  apedsT  feature  is  the 


WELLINGTON-  WMLLS. 


451 


W.  andL.ftN.  W.HIyi. 

••WreMn  H.;  Chatllnn  Aijub;  Bull's 
Head) — is  a  sort  of  meliopolis  of  the 
Shropaliiie  iron  Rudcoal-mtuing  district, 

Exmirsioju.—Ca)  2}  m.  S.  to  ascend 
the  Wrekin,  a  celebrated  west  oouatry 
hill,  1320  ft.  It  is  inieresting  to  the 
geolo^  as  being  a  remarbablc  eiamplu 
of  eruptive  trap.  The  view  ia  superb, 
esteo^g  from  Walea  lo  Derbj^ire, 
and  inciuding  Snowdon.  There  are 
traces  of  Britiah  cumpa  »□  tlie  eummit, 
bot  thoy  are  mnch  overgrown  wit  b  plan- 
totions.  The  Mal/vmy  Houie  ia  a 
cottage  on  the  ascent  where  the  risitor 
may  test,  and  obtain  refresbinent.  (b) 
TotheBoman  ciw  of  UriconiniD,  6  m. 
W.  Admatloa  Spa,  1}  m.,  is  much 
patronised  in  summer  tiAe,  and  il^ 
waters  are  highly  recommended. 

Wellington  (Somerset.),  Stat. 
Bristol  &ExeterBly.  Imi$ :  Squirrei; 
King's  Anns.  This  market  town  is 
seated  on  a  gentle  elevation  at  tbe 
foot  of  the  Blackdowns. 

In  the  E.-E.  chancel  of  the  Ch.  is  an 
elegant  oani^ied  pisoina.  Wellington 
had  the  honour  of  giving  title  t«  the 
conqueror  of  the  Peninsala  and  Wa- 
terloo. The  Wellington  Hcmiment  ia 
S  m.  B.  on  a  lofty  height.  It  is  astone 
obelisk  erected  by  a  county  subscrip- 
tion to  commeniotato  the  victories  of 
the  Oieat  Duke. 

Cothay  Honor-house,  i  m.  from  tbe 
railway  station,  in  the  parish  of  KitteS' 
ford,  is  an  interesting  building,  with  iia 
medieval  holt,  ruined  gateway,  and 
outbuildings.  GreenAam  Manor  Farm, 
2  m,  beyond,  baa  a  handsome  porch 
temp.  Edw.  III.,  and  other  remaios  of 
that  period. 

The  hilly  lane  Irom  Taunton  to 
Milverton  (5  m.)  is  one  of  the  prettiest 
in  Somersetshire.  It  gradnallj  ascends 
towards  Ezmoor  between  tangled 
hedges  through  a  thickly  wooded 
country. 

■Wellisoton  College,  sea  Woking- 

Wbilow,  see  Romieu. 
'Well8  (Norfolk),  Btat.  G.  E.  Rly. 
149  m.  fnnn  London,  m'a  Ely,  Lynn, 


and  Bumham  ;  also  terminus  of  the 
Norwich  A  Wymondham  Bly.  Jnn; 
Tbe  Crown.  A  small  trading  port, 
lying  in  a  tortuous  creek.  Tbe  trade 
is  chiefly  in  cora,  coals,  timtier,  and 
salt.  The  Ck.  (Perp.)  has  a  fine  open 
roof,  much  shattered. 

About  3  m.  distant  is  HoUeham  (Earl 
of  Leicester).  The  Hall  is  never 
shown  unless  by  special  order.  The 
gardens  are  open  on  Tuesdays  during 
tlie  BUmtQer.  (The  day  ia  occasionally 
ohaaeed-)  ThoParkia  9  m.  in  circuit. 
There  is  a 


t  of -B 


r  the  1: 


about  a  mile  long.  The  gntud  ap- 
proach on  the  8.  is  through  a  tri- 
umphal arch,  whence  a  yiala,  1}  m. 
long,  opens  to  the  <iMi$k  (80  ft.  high), 
&om  which  the  hall,  the  lake,  and  the 
sea  beyond  are  welt  seen.  On  the  t. 
of  the  road  lie  the  farm  buildingt. 
The  Leieesler  monument,  erected 
(1845-4S}  as  a  memorial  to  tbe  E^l 
of  Leicester,  known  as  "  Coke  of  Nor- 
folk," is  a  lofty  column  surmoantad 
by  a  wheatsheaf. 

The  mansion  is  a  large  and  hand- 
some Palladian  edifice  of  white  brick, 
with  a  Corinthian  portico  to  the  S.  It 
contains  Art  Collections  of  great  value, 
chiefly  formed  by  the  founder  of  the 
house,  consisting  of  ancient  morblea, 
paintings,  and  drawings  by  great  mas- 
ters, besides  MBS.  and  books.  Some 
of  the  ancient  marbles  are  of  extreme 
importance,  and  rank  among  the  finest 
in  England.  There  are  many  escel- 
lent  pictures,  and  the  Claudes  especi- 
ally arc  to  be  noticed. 

Solkham  Oh.  stands  in  the  park.  It 
was  restored  and  almost  rebuilt  in 
1868-69.  at  a  cost  of  lO.OOOi.,  70001. 
of  which  was  expended  on  wood-carv- 
ing alone. 

5  m.  item  WelU  are  the  ruins  of 
Biaham  Abbey.  The  mnains  consist 
of  the  nave  of  the  Ch.  (still  used  as 
the  parish  Ch.),  of  the  chancel  and 
transepts  in  mins,  and  of  the  principal 
gate-house.  The  nave  is  for  the  moat 
part  plain,  massive  Norm.,  but  a  wall 
has  been  boilt  between  the  main  piers, 
shutting  out  the  aisles,  which  are  in 
rums.  The  three  westemmoet  bays 
are  B,  E.  r  and  the  W,  front  is  E.  B„ 
2  o  2 


152  WE. 

anil  Ter;  good.  Tho  remains  of  the 
transepC  central  lower,  and  choir  are 

Norm.  The  chief  gateway  of  the 
precinct  itanda  at  aome  distance  W.  of 
the  Ch.  It  is  throughout  E.  £.,  and 
ia  called  the  Jail  Gate.  Sunham 
Thorpe,  the  birthplace  of  Nelson,  is 
about  1  m.  S.  of  Bumham  Slj. 
BtaL 

"Wells  (Somerset.)  has  3  railiray 
stations — that  of  the  East  Somerset 
branch  of  the  6l.  Weitent,  from 
Witham,  on  the  Teovil  &  Weymouth 
tine;  that  of  the  Olaetonbury  branch 
of  the  Somerset  A  Dorset  lily.;  and 
that  of  the  Yatlon  branch,  Q.  W.  Ely. 
Iniw:  "SwanH.;  Stat;  Mitre. 

Wells  is  placed  in  a  ntnation  of  no 
ordinary  beau^,  in  a  basin  at  the 
foot  of  the  Hendip  Hills,  and  is, 
perhaps,  the  beet  eiamjile  in  England 
of  ii  striotly  ecclesiasfacal  city.  The 
chief  point  of  interest  is  the  Cathedrai, 
with  tne  BiAop'i  PaJtme,  the  Deanery, 
the  Viaa'i  cloee,  and  'the  other  de- 
pendent buildmgs  of  tho  peat  ecole- 
siastical  establishment,  which  are  here 
seen  in  a  very  unusual  slate  of  per- 
fection, rendering  this  city  one  of  the 
moat  interestiiig  in  Europe. 

The  best  near  views  of  the  Cathedral 
are  from  an  eminence  on  the  Shepton 
Hallet  road,  about }  m.  from  the  city, 
and  from  the  terrace  in  the  garden  of 
the  palace.  Perhaps  tho  best  point 
for  approaching  the  cathedral  is 
"BrowlTB  Gale,"  in  Sadler-street,  at 
the  N.W.  comer  of  the  Cathedral 
Oreen,  from  which  the  full  grandt 
of  the  W.  front  is  seen.  It  is  of  i 
usual  breadth  (117  ft.,)  end  the  varied 
outlines,  the  numberless  sculptures, 
and  the  slender  detached  shafts  which 
stretch  upward  tier  above  tier,  mahe  tho 
^ade  of  this  cathedral  more  interest- 
ing and  impressive  than  that  of  any 
other  Engliah  cathedral.  The  &ont 
conaists  of  a  centre,  in  which 
three  lancets  of  tho  W.  window,  and 
shove  them  a  gable  receding  in  stages, 
with  small  pmnacles  at'  tSie  angles ; 
and  of  two  wings  or  W.  towers,  pro- 
jecting beyond  the  nave. 

Below  the  central  gable  six  tiers  of 
sculpture  may  be  recognised.  The 
firtt,  or  lowest,  now  nemy  empty  in 


front,  consisted  of  fnll-length  figures 
under  canopies.  The  second  is  a  series 
of  small  qnatrefoils,  in  which  am 
angels  variously  arranged.  The  Uitrd 
contains  a  series  of  subjects  from  the 
Old  and  New  Testaments.  The  /rmrth 
aaAJifth  tiers  are  of  full-length  statues; 
and  the  afxtA  exhibits  the  final  resur- 
rection in  a  series  of  small  figures  of 
most  remarkable  character  and  design. 

Passing  round  the  N.W.  angle  of 
the  building,  the  visitor  sbould  now 
inspect  the  north  porcft,  which  deserves 
the  moat  careful  attention.  The  pic- 
turesque grouping  of  the  transept,  the 
chapter-house,  with  its  staurcase,  and 
the  chain  gate,  leading  to  the  Ticaft 
Clou,  should  here  be  especiallj'  no- 
ticed. The  visitor  should  go  tbroogh 
this  gate,  and  proceed  some  litUa  dis- 
tance along  the  road  for  the  sake  of 
the  view  of  the  stalely  Central  Tower, 
Cliapter-house,  Lady  Chapel,  and  the 
E.  portion  of  the  cathedral. 

Ketuming  through  the  chain  gale 
to  tho  W.  front,  the  visitor  may  now 
enter  the  Nave,  which,  though  narrow 
and  not  lofty,  is  of  ezoeUent  propor- 
tions. A  very  fine  general  view  is 
obtained  from  the  extreme  W.  end.  It 
is  of  10  bays  as  far  as  the  piers  of  the 
central  tower,  divided  by  octangular 
piers,  with  clustered  sb^ts  in  groups 
of  3.  The  capitals  are  enriched  with 
E.-E.  foliage.  TbeW.endandvrindow 
are  best  seen  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  nave,  under  the  tower  arches.  The 
»ide  aidei  are  of  the  same  chamoler  as 
the  nave.  Opening  tram  them  are 
chapelt  m  the  two  W.  towers,  both 
trueE.B.  The  8. W.  tower  contains  a 
peal  of  ei^t  holla,  and  a  doorway 
opens  from  it  into  the  W.  walh  of  tho 
cloisters.  The  Inmieple  are  E.  E.,  but 
earUer  than  the  nave.  Both  have  £. 
and  W.  aisleb  The  capOab  of  the 
piers  in  both  transepts  display  great 
richneaa  and  variety,  and  should  be 
noticed.  The  inveriedarchei,  support 
ing  the  central  tower,  may  be  Biamined 
beilore  entering  the  choir.  The  efiecl 
of  their  inverted  lines,  ss  seen  tfm 
fbe  nave  aisles  and  from  the  angles  of 
the  transepts,  is  most  singolar  and 
uonsnal. 

The  entrances  to  the  eiofr  aidf-. 


WMLLS—WELaHFOOL. 


very    beautiful     late    Dec,     should 
«9peciBlly  be  noticed, 

Tlie  first  impression  ou  entering  tlie 
rMr  will  not  readily  be  forgotten. 
Owing  ta  the  peculiar  and  most  beaa- 
tiful  Brrangementa  of  tlie  Lady  Chapel 
and  the  retro^hoir,  the  manner  in 
nbich  the  Toiioos  groups  of  arches 
and  pilasters  are  seeu  below  the  low 
oltar-Boreen,  the  rich  Bpleniii:iur  of  the 
stained  glass,  and  the  beautiful  archi- 
tectural details  [>f  the  choir  itself— it 
amy  be  safely  said  that  the  choii  of 
Engli^  cathedral  afforda  a  Tiew  mc 
impreBBive  or  more  picturesque. 

The  be«lit^  of  the  retro-choir, 
"  procession  nisle,"  the  arrangemeDt 
its  piers  and  clustered  columns,  and 
the   admirable    manner   in  which  i 
unites    the    Lady  Chapel    with  thi 
choir,  should  beremarked. 

The  Lady  Chapel,  a  building  of  the 
very  beat  age,  and  of  extreme  beauty, 
forms  a  pentagonal  apse,  in  each  of 
which  is  a  large  window,  filled  with 
early  Dec.  tractry.  The  rich  vaulted 
roof  should  be  noticed. 

From  the  E.  ai^  of  the  N.  transept 
a  door  opeua  to  tbe  fine  staircase 
which  ascends  to  the  magnificent 
Chapter-houte,  the  finest  example  of 
its  date  in  England.  The  Chapter- 
Lonae  ia  octagonal,  and  haa  a  central 
pier  with  16  ahaRa,  from  which  the 
fibs  of  the  vaulting  radiate. 

From  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  S.  tran- 
sept a  staircase  opens,  by  wliich  the 
visitor  may  ascend  tbe  eattral  tower, 
from  tbe  roof  of  which  a  magnificent 
Tiew  is  obtained. 

From  the  S.W.  angle  of  tlie  same 
transept  we  pass  into  tbe  CMiUn, 
which  here  occupy  a  larger  area  than 
in  other  catbedrals. 

From  tbe  S.E.  angle  of  tbe  CHoistera 
the  mitor  may  proceed  to  the  BUhop'i 
Palace,  surrounded  by  a  moat,  and 
defended  by  walla  and  bostiona.  The 
palace  wbh  originally  built  by  Biahop 
Jooeline,  1205-12M,  in  the  formofa 
quadrangle,  the  present  house  forming 
tljeE.side.  Tbe  CAajwI  on  tbe  B.  side 
ie  a  beautiful  example  of  Dec.  work. 

On  the  N.  side  of  the  Cathedral 
Green  is  the  Deanery,  which,  with  its 
octi^nal  turrets,  bnttreaaea,  and  em- 


nohleman  and  gentle- 
man a  house  of  tbe  15th  cent,  al- 
though a.  good  deal  spoilt  by  modem 
alterations.  Beyond  the  deanery  to 
the  E.  is  the  Areltdeaeonry,  temp. 
Edward  I.,  much  modernised,  bnt  on- 
ginallj  of  eqnal  importanoo  with  tbe 
deanery. 

To  the  N.E.  of  the  cathedral,  just 
beyond  the  chain  gate,  stands  the  veir 
remarkable  and  picturesque  Vieari 
Ctoee.  It  is  a  long  narrow  court,  with 
a  chapel  and  library  over  at  tbe  N.  end, 
and  the  entrance  gate,  with  tbe  com- 
mon ball  above  at  the  8.  extremity,  and 
21  dwellings  ranged  along  the   two 

The  Croam  Inn,  on  the  S.  aide  of  the 
Harket-place,  is  a  curious-framed  tim- 
ber honse,  with  windows  supported  on 
brackets. 

SI.  Cuthberi'e  Chareh  is,  after  the 
cathedral  and  its  adjuncts,  the  object 
of  the  greatest  attraction  in  Wells. 
The  lower  ia  one  of  tbe  very  finest  of 
the  far-&med  Somersetshire  steeples. 

The  cavern  known  aa  Wookey  Sole, 
the  legendary  haunt  of  the  "  Witch 
of  Wookey"  (2  m.  W.,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Meudip  range),  is  an  object 
of  intei«8t  which  may  be  visited 
from  Wells.  Tbe  river  Jxe  issues  from 
an  unseen  aperture  at  tbe  foot  of  a 
lofty  precipice,  and  above  it  appeari 
the  entrance  to  the  cavern.  Here  the 
guide  will  ligLt  bis  torch,  and  conduct 
yon  by  a  sharp  ascent  and  as  abrupt  a 
descent,  called  SeWt  Ladder,  to  the 
witch's  Mtchen,  from  thence  to  the  par- 
lour, and  from  the  parlour  to  tbe  drate- 
ing-rooBt,  where  the  river  prevents 
further  progress. 

The  Ebber  Boele  are  on  the  hill 
above  Wookey  Hole, 

OlatlotAary  [Slat.)  is  6  m,  aW. 

'Welshpool  (Montgomery.), 
June.  Stat,  207  in.  from  Euston-squate, 
or  Paddington,  via  Shrewabury;  20  m. 
by  rail  from  Slirensbury;  15J  m.  from 
C^weatry,  and  6^  m.  fromMontgumery ; 
included  .in  L.  and  N.  W.  Suowdon 
Cironlar  Tow.  Inn :  •  Royal  Oak  H., 
a  good  posting-house,  and  an  interest- 
ing station  fbr  geneml  tourist  and 
for   arch«ologist.    The  old  Ch.  (re- 


45i 


WELSHPOOL— WEM. 


stored)  i»  situated  almost  on  the  oa(- 
skirU ;  the  chanoel  contains  good  Dec. 
E.  window ;  the  nwf  it  panelled,  and  of 
E.  Perp.  style.  The  chief  attraction 
of  tba  place  is  the  mngniflcant  park 
and  building  of  Cattell  Coi-h,  or  Pom» 
CofUe,  the  seat  of  the  noble  famil;  of 
Herbert,  aboat  1  m.  from  the  town. 
The  caatle,  which  dates  from  12th 
cent.,  has  been  much  altered  and  mo- 
dernised, chieS;,  it  is  probable,  in 
timeof  James  I.  and  Elizabeth.  Thoro 
is  a  gallery  of  latl«r  part  of  I6th  cent., 
into  whi(ji  open  seTeral  state  bed- 
rooms, one  witb  very  fine  bedstead  of 
carved  oak,  and  another  Btill  lemain- 
iog  as  fitted  np  for  Charles  II.,  who 
occupied  it;  in  diswing-room  and 
library  are  portraits  by  C.  Janseu  and 
otber  masters ;  the  tapestry  in  dining- 
room  represents  Antony  taking  lease 
of  Cleopatra  1  other  objects  of  interest 
are  a  Byzantine  cup  belonging  to  Mary 
of  Modena,  ancient  weapons,  sculp- 
tnce,  Ac.  The  park,  which  is  entered 
by  a  gate  out  of  main  street  of  the 
town,  is  free  to  everyone  to  enter ;  the 
TiewB  from  the  terraces,  Sve  in  num- 
ber, and  based  on  the  solid  rock,  are 
exquisitely  beantiful.  The  best  way 
for  non-pedeatrians  to  visit  the  csetle 
ia  to,  charier  a  fly  to  go  through  park 
and  castle,  and  then  round  through 
the  modem  'domain  of  Mr.  Najlor  of 
Leighton  (fine  collection  of  modem 
paintings),  and  so  under  the  new  Ch. 
at  Leighton  back  to  Welshpool ;  the 
new  bridge  across  the  Severn  is  in- 
clnded  in  this  route. 

Ejxuriiom.  —  To  the  extremely 
pretty  Tillage  of  CrutTsJUId,  nearly  3  m., 
H. ;  the  fine  old  Ch^  which  was  at- 
tached to  the  Abbey  of  Yatrad  Mar- 
cbeil,  is  in  many  respects  the  finest 
fabric  in  the  county.  From  Guilsfield 
the  tonriat  may  (a)  wander  4  or  9  u. 
over  hill  and  dale,  through  a  district 
nearly  every  summit  of  which  is 
crowned  with  camp  or  entrenchment, 
to  Meifod,  with  its  interesting  Ch. ;  or 
(6)  take  a  very  beautiful  walk  past 
the  fine  old  timbered  mansion  of  Tre- 
lydan  Hall,  up  to  the  Rbalt  and  the 
heights  once  occupied  by  the  demeanes 
of  Ystrad  Marthell  Abbey,  overlotA- 
ing  the  Severn ;   or  (c)  pnrsoe  the 


high  road  which,  in  about  4}  m.,  joins 
the  Oswestry  road   a  little   abort   of 
FoaTdroieesiStat.).  To  Llanf air  Caer 
Einion,  T  m.    Jnn  .-  Goat.     Good  fish- 
ing in  Vymwy  from  middle  of  March 
to  end  of  April.    At  4   m,  on  I.  is 
DoUrddyn  Hall  (B.  J.  Pi-yc«,  Esq.)  t 
from  this  point  a  road  of  6  m.  runs 
rt,,  passing  Llangyaytn  to  Meifod  (see 
OlvJeHry);  another  road  leads  straight 
on,  3  m.,  to  Llanfair;   a  third   road 
diverging  1.  passes  at  J  m.   tbe  vil- 
lage of  Cattell  Caer  Einion,  in  clinrch- 
yard  of  which  a  raised  moimd  is  the 
only  remains  of  an  ancient   fortress 
erected  in  115S.    3)  m.  further  on  is 
the  village  of  Berriew,  a  little  aboye 
which  is  a  pretty  waterfall   on   the 
river  Rhiw.    From  Berriew  the  tourist 
may  return  by  tbe  Montgomer}r  road, 
4  J  m.  to  Welshpool,  or  continue  3  m. 
fuitberon  to  Mont^mcry,     Pleasant 
eicujsioDS  may  also  be  made  b;f  taking 
direct  rood  Iran  Welshpool   to  Ber- 
riew  (4}  m.) :  and  thence  (a)  proceed- 
ing S.W.  4i  m.  to  the  pretty  village 
of  Bettwa  Cedewen  (see  Montgomery') : 
or  (b)  taking  road  5  m.  I.   atoDg  L 
bank  of  the  Khiw  to  Manafon.     To 
Montgoiaery.  8  m.  by  direct  road.     To 
Slireto^ury,  IS  m.,  and  the  Breiddes 
HilU,  G  m.    At  2  m.  N.E.  is  BiUtingUin 
Ch.,  which  has  a  curious  font,  resem- 
bling the  capital  of  an  E.-E.  Mlnmn. 
2m.fnrther  on,  the  steep  wooded  dd^ 
of  the  Breidden  Hills,  1199  feet  high, 
bc^n  to  tower  over  road  on  lefL  Moel- 
y.galfa.  neuest   to  Welshpool,  is  the 
higbesi  peak,  and  shonld  be  ascended 
for  the   charming   view;   on  it    is 
Bodney'i    Pillar,    eteoled    to    com- 
memorate that  i^miral's  victory  over 
the  French  in   1782.       Geologically 
these  mountains   are  interesting,   as 
markinga  line  of  emption  ranging 
ftaai  SM.  to  N.E. ;  thej  poeseaa  also 
singular  attractions  for  the  botanist 
5}  m.  on  the  high  road  bey«id  Bat- 
tington  is   the  village  of   WoUaiton, 
near  which  are   some  tnmuli  and  a 
moat ;  hence  it  ia  lOt  m.,  passing  Cai- 
deston  and  Eowton  Oaatle,  to  Shrews- 

'^cm  (Salop)-Stat.,  L.  ft  N.W. 
m7.(J»n.- White  Uorse)-^adnUhttle 
agricnttural  town.    Eiourslon  b;  om- 


WENLOCK-  IVESTON-SUPEB-MAME. 


455 


nibiu  daily,  H  m.,  to  Hatcktltyae  ( Jrui  .- 
oDtaide  the  gates),  the  aplendid  Beat 
of  ViBooant  Hill,  with  very  eito naive 
and  interesfing  gioniids.  See  the 
menagerie,  and  the  obelisk  ia  memory 
of  Sir  Rowland  Hill,  froca  whence 
there  is  a  very  charmini;  view.  Visi- 
tors can  obtain  tickets  for  the  ground 
and  a  guide  at  the  ian.  The  honse 
and  eanlen  are  Dot  ahowD.  If  pre- 
ferred the  visitor  can  leave  by  the  E. 
lodge,  and  go  to  the  Hodnet  Stat  (2 
ta.)   on   the  Wellington   and  Orewe 

Wbublet,  see  BarrogaU. 

Wesden,  Bee  Saffron  WaUea. 

WenlocK  (or  JlTueA  WerHock) 
<8aIop>- Stat.,  G,  W.  Rly,  (branch  from 
Wellington)  and  Sovem  Valley  (Jnn: 
WynnatayArms) — iswellwortli  avisit 
for  its  ruined  AWty,  founded  in  1080 
by  'Rog^t  de  Montgomery  for  Benedio- 
tinea,  &ving  previously  been  a  nnnuery, 
and  the  bnruil  place  of  St,  Milburgh, 
granddaughter  of  Penda,  King  of 
Heicia.  Portions  of  the  nave,  N,  am' 
8.  transept,  chapter-house,  and  Abbot' 
honse  remain.  In  the  nave  (S.  side)  ar 
8  pointed  windows  with  a  trifotiom  of 
lancet  arches,  and  above  it ' 


honse,  a  good  example  of  Norm.  date. 
The  ^JbboFa  Hovte  (restored)  is  a  splen- 
did specimen  of  eoolesiastical  domestic 
aichiteoture,  and  once  formed  a  quad- 
rangle. Observe  the  curions  open 
cloister  or  gallery,  eitendine  tie 
whole  length  of  the  house,  and  com- 
mimicating  with  the  rooms  on  both 
floors.  The  oratory  lias  en  altar,  and 
stoneNorm.readingdesk.  TheAbbot's 
Hall  is  a  fine  room  of  3  beys.  The 
nurish  GK.  is  close  to  the  Abbey,  and 
IS  of  different  dates,  from  Norm,  to 
Dec  The  Town  EaR  is  quaint,  and 
worth  a  passing  look.    Bail  to  SuSd- 

Wbntwokth  House,  see  She^^id, 
■Westbnry-on-Sevem 

(Gloucest.),  1 J  m.  S.  of  Grange  Court 
Jnnc,  G,  W.  Rly.,   has    a  Dee,  eh. 


the  bank  of  the  Severn,  witli  bone  and 
fish  beds. 

ExeunioHi. — 2}  m.  on  the  Mitchel- 
deau  road  to  FlaxUi/  Abbey  (Sir  T.  C. 
Boevey,  Bart.),  founded  for  Cistercian 
monks,  in  1140,  by  Bogor  Karl  of  Here- 
ford. The  refectory  and  abbot's  room 
remain,  with  a  few  curiosities.  See 
the  view  from  the  terrace  in  the  park. 
The  Ch.,  restored  hj  Stxitt,  has  a  reredos 
of  alabaster  by  PhiHp,  and  a  beantifal 
E.  window  by  Gtrente,  Notice  also 
monument,  with  epitaph,  to  the  indow 
Boevey. 

West  Cowes,  see  Wight,  lele  of, 

WEffTENHANQKE,  Seo  St/lhe. 

Westbhham,  see  Sevenoakt. 
'Westarate-on-liea  (Kent), 

SUt.,  L.  C.  &  D.  Rly. ,  Ij  hi.  by  expreaa 
train  from  London,  1  j  m.  from  Margate, 
and  the  same  distance  fhim  Birching- 
ton.  Jnu;  **Beaoii  House  Hotel.  Thu 
is  a  conveniently  laid  out  estate,  whioh 
lias  rapidly  assumed  the  rank  of  a 
favourite    and   fashionable  watering- 


wRlka.  An  easy  \  hour's  ramble  along 
the  shore  or  cliff,  or  a  5  min.  ride  by 
train,  brings  the  visitor  to  Uargale. 

West  Malvebk,  see  JHoZvem. 

'Weston  (Staff.),  Ktat..  N.  Staff. 
Rly.  3  m.  N.E.  is  Chortles  Ciufie,  tha 
property  of  Earl  Ferrers,  which  con- 
sists of  2  ruined  round  towers,  placed 
in  a  very  picturesque  part.  The  HaU, 
a  littlo  distance  from  the  rnlns,  was 
once  tenanted  by  Mary  Queen  of  Scots; 
during  a  short  imprisoument.  In  the 
park  is  a  h^  of  wild  white  cattie. 

About  2}  m.  8.W,  ia  HopUm  fleatt, 
site  of  battle  between  rebels  and  royal 
foroes,  1642. 

Weston  Moqth,  see  SeaSon  and  Sidi- 
mouA. 

W  e  •  toii«9  up  er-m  a  r  e 
(Somerset.),  Stat.,  Bristol  &  Eieler 
Rly.,  136}  m.  from  London  (branch 
line  1}  m.  &om  Weston-snpei-mare 
Juno.).  Jnna;  Rogers'  Royal  H.; 
Imperial ;  Harris's  Pier  H. :  Rail- 
way H.;  Victoria  H.;  York  H.;  Plough 
H.  This  foahionable  watering-place, 
risen  since  beginning  of  present  ceutnry 
from  a  fishing  village  of  200  inbatntants, 
is  iituated  at  the  comer   " 


456 


WESTOX-SUPEB-MARE-  WEyBBIDGE. 


bay,  ooder  a  rocky  flr-covered    bill. 

It  sweeps  aloDg  the  shore  in  a  cresoent 
of  haDOanme  uooEea,  and  ■  parade  of 
great  width,  and  commands  a  churm- 
ing  view  of  the  mounlaina  of  Walee, 
of  the  2  isleto  of  Steep  Holm  and  Flat 
H'llm,  and  of  iti  own  rocky  heishts — 
Worle  Hill  above  the  town,  nnd  Bretui 
Down  at  the  S.  horn  uf  the  bay,  The 
■ea,  howerer,  is  of  a  tuwuy  colonr, 
and  at  hiw  Tatar  a  great  est«nt  of 
ooze  is  exposed.  But  there  is  a  smootlj 
beach  of  aand,  2  m.  in  length  und  J  m. 
in  breadth.  Tliere  i»  a  yery  long  and 
good  esplanade.  The  PriiKe  CmUort's 
Promeiuule  Oardeiu  are  juat  above 
Anclior  Head. 

Id  the  aaa  below  Worle  Hill  lies  the 
rugged  Islet  of  Btarn  Hock  or  fleo™ 
Baeli,  which,  from  the  middle  of 
October  to  CliristmaB,  ia  the  scene  of 
a  busy  »prat  JUbery.  An  iron  pier 
(opened  18GT)  connects  Benrn  mck 
with  the  mainland,  and  (brma  an  agreo- 
able  promenade.  The  Weil  of  Enfiand 
Sanatorium  ia  situated  outside  the 
town,  S,,  on  the  margin  of  the  bay. 
Handsome  new  baildings  have  been 

WorU  nm  is  about  3  m.  in  length, 
and  riies  S06  It  above  the  sea.  To 
ascend  the  bill,  we  proceed  b)  Anchor 
Uend,  the  extreme  G.  point  of  Uie 
town  and  bay,  and  turn  up  the  hiU  by 
a  path  amoug  the  firs.  But  the  moet 
delightful  walk  is  along  the  sea  front 
of  ine  hill,  where  a  prospect  greets 
among  the  finest  in  the  W.of  £nglai 
The  view  from  the  old  wind  null,  just 
above  Ihe  village  of  Wotle,  is  very 
vnried  and  beeutifut.  Ftom  the  s 
mit  of  the  hill  a  flight  of  about 
rude  Blairs,  called  Keut  Siepi,  descends 
to  the  village  of  Keattoke,  where  there 
is  an  interesting  little  Ch.  with  a 
Norm,  door  and  stone  pulpit. 

Wood^Hng  Priorv,  now  a  farm- 
house, ia  about  4  m.  N.  of  Weston,  at 
tile  further  end  of  Sand  Bay.  It  is 
an  interesting  old  building,  entered  by 
a  fine  double  gateway  witli  segment^ 

Uphill  Old  Ch.,  deserted  and  ruitHDoa, 
crowns  a  rocky  hill  2  m.  S.,  ar.d  may 
be  reached  by  pursuing  the  level  road 
whioh  skirts   the  shore  of  the  bay. 


The  place  U  well  vrorth  a  visit,  not 

only  for  the  church  ita«lf,  but  for  thg  i 
&ne  prospect.  A  delightful  ramUe  I 
may  oe  ijad  on  Brfan  Doien,  wbict  I 
can  be  reached  along  the  aands  or  bj  I 
boat,  when  the  tide  serves,  or  \>j  roaJ 
tbrough  Uphill  and  Bleadon.  i 

Excmiiont  may  also  be  made  la 
Brockley  Combe  (by  rail  to  Nailsea,;  i 
to  CUtedon;  to  Banaiell,  6  at. ;  to 
Cheddar,  12  m. ;  to  Crook' a  Peak,  8m.:, 
to  Brtnt  £tu>U,  passing  by  IjjfmpKkam 
and  East  Bretd.  The  view  tnm 
Chrislon  Hill,  just  beyond  the  village 
of  Hutton — 'i  m.  S,  of  Weaton  Jane — il 
one  of  the  most  cliarming  in  Scmieraet. 

West  Sohbhton,  see  Yarmoiith. 

Wbtt    Stow,    see   Bury    St.    Ed- 

VlBBt  Walton,  see  Wiabtaeh. 

Westwaud  Ho,  see  Bide/oni. 

'Weybrldtre    (Surrey),   Stai,      ' 
L.  A  S.  W.  Rly.,  la  m.  bom  Waterloo; 
also  June,  for  Addlestone,  Chertwiy, 
and  Virginia  Water.    The  village  is  a 
short  m.  N.  from  the  sUtion.     Open       i 
and  closed  carriages  wait  at  station,  or 
may  be  hired  at  Hand  and  Speai  H,       i 
(good  HccommodatiDn  for  tourists),  cloae 
t-i  it    Lincoln  Arms  H.,  near  to  riier 
Thames,  'i  m.  from  station. 

On  the  amall  vitlage-green  is  a 
column — the  or^nnl  column  of  the 
"  Seven-dlala ''  in  Loudon — erected  to 
mcmoryottheDueheaaofYork.  Amore 
interesting  memorial  is thelittleGomaa 
Catholic  Chapel,  in  the  grounds  of 
Waterloo  Cottage  (Miss  Taylor),  on  rt 
going  towards  Addlestone,  which  otat- 
tains  the  tomb  of  Louia  Philippe,  and 
in  which  the  Duchesses  de  Nemoon 
luid  d'Oi'leauB  are  also  interred.  Cloav 
to  tlio  village,  and  about  1}  m.  Crtmi 
the  station,  is  the  Oatiaitd*  Park  Hotd 
(nothing  remainsof  the  original  palace 
built  on  site  by  Hen.  VIU.).  in  appear- 
ance a  spacious  mansion  in  a  Mately 
park.  Tbe  famous  Grotto,  formed  1^ 
the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  at  a  cost  of 
about  40,0001.,  stiU  remains  in  the 
grounds. 

Excaniom.—ia)  St.  Georgt't  BiB 
(500  ft.,  and  commanding  exIensiTe 
and  fine  views),  1  m.  S.  of  station,  iiof 
very  great  extent,  and  is  full  i^  the 
^   delightfiil    walks    and    drive*. 


WEYBEIDGE—  WEYMOVTU. 


It  is   elso  a  veiy  fAvoniite  resort  fui 
pionic  pnities,  and  by  kind  permission 
of  Its  owner,  Admiral  Egerton,  risitorB 
oxe  allowed  to  roam  at  pleasure.    Oa 
leaTing  station,  crogs'tlie  railway  bridge, 
andprooeodalittiediBtaiioealiiiast  par- 
a.1lel  with  tlie  laiiway  till  the  road  to 
Syfleet  is  reached.   A  little  further  on 
n  lodge  -gale  on  L  leads  into  the  wooda. 
and  sign-boards  direct  the  stranger 
tbe  Swiss  Cottage  on  summit,  where 
lij^ht  refteshmeiita  may  be  obtained. 
Tlie  exit  maybe  made  on  opposite  side 
of  hills  at  Tanner's  Gate,  or,  deaeend- 
ing  tbe  hill,  at  Bilvermere  Lake,  and 
leaving  Pains  Hill  on  rt.,  continniug 
to   C&bham  (1^  m.  aW.  from  Eiha 
Stat.,   and  4  m.   S.  from  Weybridge 
Blat.),   where  the   Ch.  it  interesting. 
ObsCTve  baa-relief,  by  R,  WeHtmacott, 
Jun.,  on  monument  of  W.  H.  Ooper; 
also  pictureeqne  water-iaill  E.  of 
ch.      The  river  Mole  is  yery  pretty 
about  here,  and  is  mach  irequented  by 
the  angler.     CuutiDue  \  m.  N.W.  to 
COiham  Street  {Inn:  ^^Tiite  Lion),  and 
returning  through   Pains  Hill  (C.  J. 
Leaf,  Esq.,  and  regarded  in  last  centnry 
as  one  of  the  greatest  triumphs  of  land- 
scape  gardening  in   England), 
0>bhamCommontoSj{Jteel(Jitn.-  Blue 
Anchor),2  m.S.byW.&om  Weyhridge 
Stat.,  "an  admirable   place   for  the 
artlet"    Hardly  less  attractive  to  tiie 
artist  is  Waley,  {  m.  S.  of  Byfleet  Oil. 
by  the  fields.    From  here  the  tourist 
may  proceed  by  Firford,  IJ  m,  8.W. 
(observe  interesting  and  pioturegqne 
litUe  Church),  to  Woking,  or  retnru  l« 
Weybridge  along  the  towing-path  of 
tlieWey.    (b)  Walkover  Woburn  Hill 
to  Chrrltey,  3  m. ;  or  by  nul  to  Cbertsey, 
psssing  Til  lage  and  station  oiAddUdone 
(famoua  for  the  Crouch  Oa^,  24  It.  in 
girthat  Sft.ftom  ground,  under  which 
Wicklifle  \a  said  to  have  preached), 
nndhenee  (8  miu.  by  rail)  to  ViTginia 
Water.    Within  a  stone's  threv  of  the 
Crouch  Oak  arePrinceM  Mar/t  Village 
Homei.    (c)   Through  Oatlaodi  Parit 
tj  Walton  and  Waltoii'^m-Thamei. 
¥eteiill,  see  Andover. 
'WeymoutU    (Dorset.),   Stat., 
),.  &  S.   W.  Ely.,  and  G.   W.  Kly. 
Inul:  "Gloucester  H.  (formerly  the 
resideooe  of  Ihike  of  Gloncester  and 


Pott-ogice  in  St  Thorns  s-atieet.  The 
visitor  arriving  by  train  enters  the 
modem  portion  of  the  town,  called 
ISdeombe  Begii,  which  ia  built  on  a 
narrow  strip  of  land,  with  a  fine  esplan- 
ade, beautiful  bay,  and  smooth  ahoie 
on  one  side  (E.),  and  an  estuary,  the 
Batkaaler.  on  the  W.  At  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  eaplanade  is  a  handsome 
stone  pier,  tbe  station  for  the  steamers, 
and  where  pleasure  boats  may  be  hired. 
The  old  town  of  Weyniontli  proper  is 
situated  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
harbour,  having  on  its  extreme  E.  the 
promontoiT  culed  the  Nothe,  lying 
between  Portland  Beads  and  .Wey- 
mouth Bay,  and  ooDUnandingbeautiAil 
views.  This  pointis  strongly  fortified, 
and  pleasant  walks  lead  up  to  it.  The 
town  naa  a  favourite  resort  of  George 
I[[..  whole  monument,  erected  by  tite 
townspeople  in  1S09,  stands  at  tbe 
point  on  the  esplanade  where  the  2 
principal  streets  of  St.  Mary  and  St. 
Thomas  diverge.  Excepting  at  the 
N.  end  of  the  eaplanade  the  houses  are 
mostly  very  old  and  ahabby  looking, 
and  the  sheets  are  nanow.  A  very 
old  house,  probably  Idth  oent,  adjoins 
SL  Mary's  Church.  Tbe  public  build- 
ings may  be  soon  dismissed.  CkvTctiei: 
St.  Mary's  (Melcombe  Regis),  near  the 
bridge,  ia  an  ngty  edifice.  Over  the 
attar  Is  a  large  painting.  "The  Last 
Supper,"    by    Sir    James    Thomhill. 


was  opeoed'&r  aervice  in  1874,  but  a 
spire  and  a  peal  of  bells  have  still  to 
be  added.  The  exterior  is  of  Portland 
stone,  and  the  interior  of  red  brick 
pointed  vith  black  mortar.  By  t^ 
the  beet  ecclesiastical  edifice  io  tho 
at  the  northern  ex- 
tremityofthetown(hniltl854).  Public 
Buildingi :  the  Guildhaa,  St.  Edmund- 
street,  near  the  bridge,  has  an  Ionic 
portico,  and  Contains  poriiaite  of  Geo. 
III.  (Bsecftt))  and  the  Duke  of  Well- 
ington (Weigel);  also  a  marble  statue 
of  the  late  8.  Weston,  Esq.    Theffbrfc- 


WEYMOUTH— WHALEY-BBIDCtE. 


ing  Men;  (M>.  bidltlSTS,  is  in  MitcbeU- 
steet  nith  entncccs  in  St.  Tbomas- 
Btreet  and  SI.  Hary-streot.  A  read- 
ing-room, aapplied  nitU  the  principal 
daily  and  weekly  newspapers,  is  open 
to  TintoTs  from  10  till  6  o'clock,  on 
pa3nnent  of  Id.  each  per  diem.  The 
BaOti  form  a  handsome  building,  jnat 
below  Geo.  III. 'a  statue.  There  is  a 
good  Market-hoiue  in  St.  Marj-stteet 
The  Greenhill  Gardens  at  the  K.  end 
of  the  esplanade  are  tastefully  laid  out, 
and  have  a  good  croquet  lawn. 

Exatraiortt. — Few  places  offer  to  the 
lisitor  better  opportunities  for  cheap 
and  plesaint  excursions.     Steamers 


Steanage — (1  hr,);  Saanage  (2  brs.)  ; 
SourneTiuntlh  (3  hre.) ;  Lyme  Begia 
(3  htB.) ;  and  to  tlie  Shambles,  off 
Portland  HiU;  the  Quard  Ship,  &c. 
The  iaresaie  most  moderate.  Steamers 
also  run  thrice  daily  to  Portland  (2U 
min.),  and  3  times  a  week  to  the 
Ohannel  lales.  From  the  Nvtke  (see 
ante),  which  may  be  reached  in  a  few 
minutes  from  the  esplanade,  either  by 
the  swing  bridge  or  by  ferry-boat,  the 
visitor  shonld  ramble  past  the  Look 
Oat  along  the  cliffs  to  Sande/ooi  Cattle 
(1  m.  from  Weymouth  by  road),  a 
pictnreeqne  old  ruin  of  a  coast  defence 
ereoted  by  Henry  VIII.  about  1539. 
Fvaa  here  it  is  a  pleasant  walk  ' 


(the  mother  ohnrch  of  Weymonth)  ii 
a  fine  old  building,  of  the  Perp.  style, 
with  a  lofty  sqnare  tower. 


ing  at  the  rear  of  the  raUway  station. 
It  boasts  of  a  snlphnrous  spring  and 
bathing  establishment,  about  half-nay 
between  the  village  and  Weymouth, 
near  the  turnpike  gate.  Inthechmcb- 
yard  is  an  interesting  monnment  Id 
the  wife  of  Sir  John  Hesketli  Leth- 
bridge,  Bt.  Here,  too,  were  buried  80 
persona  drowned  in  the  wreck  of  the 
''  Abergavenny,"  a  ship  lost  off  Fort- 
land,  1805.  The  Captain  was  brother 
of  Wordswortb,  the  poet.  There  is 
another  mineral  spring  at  Nbtiinglim, 


H  m.  N.,  in  a  cleft  at  the  foot  of 
the  Downs,  is  the    little   villas  <^ 
Ujraey.    Another  fayonrita  ezcmakD 
is  to  Pretbm,  3  m.,  and  OttiUnglott,  5 
m.,  along  the  Kwd  commencing  on  the 
bhore  side  of  St.  John's  Ch.     At  the 
former  is  a  very  old  bridge,  oonsideied 
to  be  of  Boman  date.     On  the  dowDi 
beyond  appears  the  colossal  fl^nre  of 
Gea  lU.  on  horseback,  formed,  bj  a 
private  soldier,  by  removing   the  fntf 
from  the  chalk    Branching  off  from 
the   latter  village  towards   the   coast 
1  m.,  is  Oamingtoa  Mills,  oonsisting     i 
solely  of  coast-goard   booses,   Bahv 
men.  s  cottages,  and  a  small  Inn  ;  but      ! 
a  very  pretty  spot  and  a  favonrite  one 
for  pieuic  parties.   It  is  a  pleasant  row 
or  sail  across  the  tray  to  Osmington. 

Abbotthury,  9  m.  W.  (Inn .-  Ship).  ■ 
very  ancient  viilaga,  and  famooa  for 
(a)  the  ruins  of  the  Monastery,  founded 
iu  reign  of  Canute  (notice  especiaUf 
the  noble  bam  of  the  14th  cent.) ;  (ft) 
the  Chapel  of  St  Catherine,  perched 
on  the  top  of  a  steep  hill  overlooking 
the  Bca  and  diesil  beach,  and  verr 
strongly  and  ingeniously  constmcted 
withont  timber,  entirely  of  atone ;  (e) 
tbe  Decay  and  Swannery  at  the  end 
of  tbe  Fleet  (see  Portland).  There  are 
now  more  than  1300  swaUB,  and  tbe 
best  time  for  seeing  them  is  in  the 
spring,  or  hatching  season  {for  detailed 
acoouot  see  '  Good  Words'  for  Maroh 
I86T).  The  Rirish  Chnrch  is  also 
wnrth  visiting.  The  pnlpit  is  beaoti- 
fully  carved,  and  bears  marks  of  bnlleli 
flred  at  a  Boyalist  party  under  Colonel 
StnmgwajB,  at  the  time  of  tbe  GresI 
Beb^ion,  1644.  To  the  rt  of  tbe 
valley  stands  the  Castle  (£arl  of 
Ilchester),  the  gardens  of  which  are 
very  beautiful. 

Whaddos,  see  Trombridge. 

'Wlialey-brldfre  (Cbeehire) 
—Stat.  L,&  N.  W.  Ely.  (Inn.-  Jodrell 
Arms) — is  a  picturesque  village  (ool- 
tiery)intbevalleyoftheGoyt.  Ckiseby 
ia  the  Rootdych,  an  ancient  Bomta 
laoeconrse  about  13O0  yds.  long  by  40 
wide.  It  is  a  charming  walk  bb  ur  as 
Goyt  bridge,  4}  m.,  passing  Ch.  and 
wooded  villsge  of  Taxal 

Diitaneei  (by  rail).- 
m.;  IXsiey,  ejm      ^ 


WHALLEY—  WHITBY. 


459 


'WHalley  (Laucsa.)— Stat.  L.  & 
Y.Ely.  (Inns ;  Swan ;  Whftlley  Anns) 
— is  a  qmat  Tillage,  beaalifull;  situated^ 
on  the  bank  of  the  Caldei,  and  ovec- 
hung  by  iTooded  hills.  Here  ore  the 
miQB  of  the  famous  Abbey,  founded  by 
the  Earl  of  Lincoln  for  CiBtercians. 
Admisaion  is  given  by  the  o' 
(J.  Tayloi,  Esq.)  to  visit  the  niine, 
erery  day  except  Sunday,  between  1 2 
and  4.  Ooly  the  ground  plan  of  the 
cb.  ie  Tisible.  The  abbot's  house  is 
occupied  by  the  onner's  private  bouse. 
Three  quadrangles  originally  existed, 
the  most  westerly  of  which  was  the 
cloister.  An  ivy-covered  ruin  at  the 
S.  was  the  abbofs  private  ohapel. 
There  is  a  fine  entrance  gateway  with 
ft  groined  stone  roof,  and  anolber  be- 
tween the  abbey  and  the  railway,  which 
formed  tiie  N.E.  entrance.  The  Ch. 
was  the  scene  of  the  early  preaching 
by  PaulinuB,  in  the  Tth  cent.,  a  me- 
morial of  which  is  a  stone  cross.  The 
oak  roof  is  of  beautiful  openwork,  and 
there  ie  much  good  carving  on  the 
vicar's  pew,  the  rood  screen  and  the 
elalU  of  the  chancel,  relics  of  the  old 
abbey.  Some  of  these  carvings  are 
most  grotesque.  Notice  the  brass  of 
Sir  Bidph  Catteral,  and  a  stone  at  the 
entianoe  of  the  Mitton  Chapel  (N. 
aisle),  believed  to  mark  the  reeting- 
place  of  Abbot  Fnslew,  the  last  Abbot, 
who  was  hung  in  1537  for  rebellion 
^inst  Hen.  VIU.  The  Rev,  T.  D. 
Whitaker,  the  antiquary,  was  vioar 
here.  Thore  are  charming  views  from 
Nab  Side,  where  Paslew  was  executed. 
Pleasant  excursion  1o  Padiham,  5  n. 
along  the  hill  above  the  Calder. 

A  still  more  interesting  excursion 
may  be  made  iji  the  Bontan  Catholic 
College  of  Stonyhurti,  5  m.,  through 
Mitton  village,  from  the  bridge  in 
which  the  view  ie  charming.  The 
College  is  situated  on  the  banks  of 
the  Hodder  and  the  east  slopes  of 
LoDgridge  Fell.  It  is  most  couspicuous 
from  the  railway  between  Lnngho  and 
Wholley,  Admittance  any  day  except 
Sunday  and  the  greater  Feast  days,  if 
proTi<fed  with  on  lotrodaotion  from  any 
priest  or  peisoQ  of  lespeetalulity  known 
to  the  College  authorittea.  Such  an 
one  con  be  cS>lained  at  the  Swan  Inii, 


Clitheroe.  The  Dumber  of  viutors 
not  to  exceed  10.  The  College  is  a 
fine  quadrangular  building,  originally 
erected  by  Hie  Sherburnes  la  1596, 
and  converted  into  a  Jesuit  seminary 
b;r  IVfr.  Weld  of  Lulvrorth,  It  consists 
of  an  upper  section  for  students,  and 
a  seminary  for  £00  boys.  Bee  the 
Ohaptl,  which  has  good  fi«scoes  and 
painted  ceiling ;  the  Sefectory,  which 
has  a  painting  by  Hurillo;  aud  the 
Library,  in  which  ale  some  rare  MSS. 
and  mouT  curiosities,  including  Ur, 
Waterton  s  collection  of  stuffed  birds. 
The  gardeni  are  quaint,  and  in  the 
oeatre  is  an  observatory.  There  is  much 
beautiful  scenery  up  and  down  the 
Hodder,  which  soon  afterwards  joins 
the  Kibble  (see  also  Clitheroe). 

Whabped&li;,  see  Ilkley. 

Whahncliffe,  see  Shef^ld. 

Whabton  Hall,  see  Ap^£/y. 

TVhtktittftndwell,  pto- 
nonncedWatsall  (Derby,)— Stat.  Midi. 
Ely,,  i  hr.'s  ride  from  Matlock  Bath, 
and  <)  min.  from  Ambergate  Juno. 
(Inn  .■  Bull)-ie  in  a  lovely  retreat  on 
the  banks  of  the  Derwent,  nnd  is  the 
best  place  for  ascending  CHcb  HOI, 
050  ft,,  a  famous  carboniferous  lime- 
stone hill,  commanding  a  splendid  view 
from  Crich  Stand  over  Scatsdale  and 
Nottmghamshire.  It  is  a  splendid 
route  between  Derby  and  Bekevrell, 
25  j  m.  vii  Belper  and  Matlock. 

Whifpihohaii,  see  FigU,  IiU  of. 

Whitbobn,  see  Smidedand. 

IVtaltby  (Yorks-X  Stat.  N.  E. 
lily,,  247|  m,  from  London,  and  561  ™- 
liom  York.  Also  direct  railway  com- 
munication vrith  Stootton-on-Te«a. 
Irmi:  ••Eoyal, on  W.  cliff;  Crown; 
Angel,  in  Baxiergale.  Lodgings  are 
plentiful  i  the  best  on  W.  and  N. 
teriaces.  It  is  much  quieter  than  Scar- 
borough,  the  sea-viewa  are  superb, 
there  ore  many  places  of  interest 
within  easy  access,  and  the  inland 
country — especially  that  along  the  Esk 
river,  and  over  the  moors  toward  Cleve- 
land— is  varied  and  very  picturesque. 
There  is  capital  fresh-water  Ashing, 
and  the  herring  season  is  in  the  sum- 
mer months.  The  chief  promenades 
are  on  W.  cliff  (now  the  property  of  Sit 
a.  Elliott,  who  is,  1878,  making  great 


4C0 

improvements)  and  on  W,  pier,  newly 
i  m.  loug,  with  Uglitbouse,  wliicb 
the  Tisikir  sbould  aacend  for  the  view^ 
both  toTTonl  the  sea  and  town.  In  the 
the  tonn  itself  the  great  point  of  inter* 
eat  is  the  mined  Abbey,  situated  ou  the 
hill  oppocdie  W.  clin^  admiadon  3d. 
Tlie  monaetery  was  founded  by  Hilda, 
in  657,  who  pieaided  over  it  till  her 
death  in  fiSO.  It  nw  during  this  period 
that  CKdmon  composed  his  remarkable 
panqthlase  of  the  Scriptures  in  Saion 
Terse.  (The  oniqne  MS. 
Bodleian.)  The  Abbey,  to  which 
dignity  the  Priory  was  raised  lemp. 
Hen.  I.,  contained  no  nuns  after  the 
Conquest. 

The  earliest  remains  are   ,_ 

the  12th  century.  The  weather-worn 
mios  are  those  of  the  Abbey  Ch., 
of  which  the  choir  and  N,  transept, 
both  B.  £.,  and  part  of  the  nave, 
rich  Dec.,  alone  remain.  Outside  the 
rains,  obserre  the  clerestory  windows 
of  choir,  with  heads  at  tlieir  corbel 
stones  :  the  pinnacle-capped  bntticBses 
of  N.  transept,  and  the  whole  N.  front. 
Whitby  Hali  (Cholmley  femily),  re- 
stored  1867,  is  built  on  Uie  site  of  the 
Abbot's  dwelling,  on  8.W.  sMe  of  the 
mins.  There  u  a  flue  view  from  tlio 
Ch,-yd.  of  the  parish  Ch.  of  St.  Mary, 
on  the  cliff  a  little  below  the  Abbe;. 
The  Muteum,  adjoining  the  public 
baths,  on  W.  pier,  contains  infercsting 
ooUectiona,  chiefly  of  fossils,  Ac,  found 
in  Hie  neiglibourhood.  There  ' 
Library  attached,  to  which  stre 
may  subscribe  by  the  week  or  a 
The  cliffs  on  S.  side  of  town  consist 
principally  of  lia^  shale  (from  which 
alum  is  made)  with  hands  containing 
jet  running  through  it     The  jet  ihopi 

are  very  numerous. 

^Ecourstom.— There  is  probably  no 
spot  in  England  where  the  walks 
and  drives  are  more  numerous  and 
varied.  On  S.,  pasung  through  Hi. 
Haiy's  ch.-yd.,  walk  along  the  cliffi^, 
here  grand  and  lofty,  to  Robin  Bood'e 
Bay,  (tm.  The  bay  is  especiall;  ettrac- 
tive  to  artiat  and  naturalist.  At  the 
Peak,  its  S.  end,  a  fault  ihrows  up 
the  stiata  to  the  N.,  and  nearly  the  i 

whole   series   of  lias   is   here  visible   Castleton  ridge  to  railway  station  at 
under  its  usual  cappiag  of  gritstone.  [  Castleton  ((  hr.  ride  to  Whitby).    The 


The  ravine,  with  a  beck  nmniic 
throueli  It,  passes  up  into  Fylingdil; 
Moor.  At  the  N.  end  of  tbe  f)i> 
is  Bay  Totnn,  pictureBquely  pJsck 
BUmpe  BrotB  (800  fL)  at  the  B.  tvi 
commands  extensive  viewB  orer  laud 
and  sea.  If  the  viaitor  drive  to  Bol<3 
Hood's  Bay.  he  will  pass  thnm^  tb 
village  of  Haasker,  whei^  2  npri^ 
stones  nmrk  the  spots,  (to  mys  tradi- 
tion, reached  by  the  arrows  of  Bolci  ' 
Hood  and  Little  John,  wlien  to  pleut  i 
the  monks  of  Wtiitby  they  shot  (im 
their  chnrch  lower.  Inland  a.  pleasasl 
walk  may  be  laken  by  proceeding 
through  Church-street  to  the  CemeteiT. 
and  {  m.  beyond  to  the  pictaresqw 
valley  of  Coekthot  Mill  (2  m.)  ;   crh 


the  whole  distance  under  5  m.  On 
the  N.  side  there  ia  a.  walk  along  Ike 
sands  nearly  as  far  as  Sandsend  (3  w.). 
where  are  remains  of  extensdve  aina 
worka  Lythe  Ch.,  1  m.  from  WMIb;, 
is  conspiuuons  on  the  hill,  W.  The 
Lias  Sjhale  hero  abounds  in  foasila. 

Egtaa  Bridge,  6  m..  may  bo  readied 
._lher  by  a  walk  Ij  in.  EroDi  GfCH- 
mont  Stat,  along  the  1.  bonfc  <rf  tba 
Esk,  or  by  proceeding  direct  to  Ggloa 
Btat.  (25  min.  by  railway).  The 
Hanethoe  Itm  ia  not  far  from  the 
bridge.  The  scenery  here  is  voy 
pleasant,  and  there  ia  capital  fiahii^ 
m  the  Esk.  Walk  beyond  the  Inn 
through  Amcliffe  Wood  to  Beggai't 
Bridge,  and  passing  under  the  rail- 
way bridge,  climb  the  bill  beyond. 
From  here  the  tourist  may  retain  to 
Egton  bridge,  by  proceeding  thHHi^ 
West  Amcliflfe  Wood  and  turning  L 
ver  the  moor  into  the  BoaedaJe  r«d. 
L  longer  walk  may  be  made  by  con- 
inning,  after  leaving  Beggar's  Bridge, 
m.  to  the  Uttle  Ch.  at  CtoMlafe 
End,  From  here  the  road  is  plain, 
S.W.  for  about  1|  m.  Jnit  befbre 
a  Wesleyan  chapel  is  reached,  a  bnuxi 
road  tuma  rt.  to  Glaisdale  Bidg^ 
which  commanda  magnificent  viem. 
From  here  continue  by  a  well-marked 
track  round  head  of  jfVyup  DaU  to 
Whiteerois;   hence  turn  due  N.  d 


WSITB  y—WSITCSUltCU. 


4G1 


whole  dislacce  from  Qlaisdale  Eod  to 
OastlcAoo  is  about  16  m.  Tboae  vho 
wicJi  to  e^lore  the  pleaHtut  dales  and 
luoora  should  pat  up  at  Pidtering, 
where  the  Black  Swan  Hotel  offers 
excellent  accommodation  on  reason' 
nble  terms.  TJie  iralk  acroea  the 
Moora  to  Kosedalti  U  4  m.  From 
Bosedale,  2  m,,  are  the  Cairthome 
Boman  Camps.  A  line  of  railway 
from  Fickering  to  Helmslcy  aadKirby- 
mooreide,  by  which  a  viait  can  easily 
be  uiode  to  Dnucombe  Park  (Lord 
FeTersbam)  and  ruins  of  Bievaulx 
Abbey  (see  Thirtk). 

4  m.  W.  of  Wliitby  ia  Malgmvt 
Cattle  (Morqnis  of  Normejiby),  built 
by  Duchess  of  Bunkingham,  natural 
daughter  of  Jas.  II.  Get  order  to 
see  tbe  grounds  at  Mr.  Buchanan's 
ofBce  in  Baxtergate.  Soma  ruins  of 
the  old  castle  still  remain  and  are 
-worth  a  visit,  and  in  the  woods  ore 
verj  extensive  walks  and  drives. 

A  railway  is  in  progress  between 
Whitby  and  Saltburn,  the  portion  to 
Loftns  from  latter  being  ali^dy  open. 
The  objects  of  interest  on  rente  ftom 
Whitby  are  (a)  after  passing  Lythe 
(ante),  OiMiborovgh,  6  m.  from  Whitbj, 
where  the  grave  of  giant  Wade  is 
pointed  out ;  (fi)  1  m.  beyond,  Kettle- 
neM,  a  fine  headland,  375  ft.  high; 
(o)  Itua$«nek  ba^,  very  picturesque, 
with  jet-diggetB  busy  on  its  clifife ; 
(d)  Hindenetll  (mland),  10  m.  troai 
Whitby;  (e>  Slaitha,  a  picturesque 
flshiDg  Tillage,  2  m.  beyond,  and 
an  excellent  station  for  ezplorine 
the  sections  and  gathering  the  fossiu 
of  the  lias ;  (f)  I  m.  beyiBid,  BinUiy, 
where  the  cliff  is  660  ft.  high,  aiui 
where  tlie  alum  works  aflbrd  great 
facility  for  eiaminiog  the  lias;  (9) 
Skitmingrove,  wheie  are  tbe  scanty 
remains  of  Kilton  Cattle,  a  strong' 
hold  of  the  Thwengs;  and  a  htUe 
beyond,  Hunteliffe  Nab,  360  R.  The 
whole  distance  is  rather  more 
15  m.  From  Baltbum,  the  tourist 
can  conveniently  proceed  to  Bedcar 
and  MiddUaboro', 

Cattlelim  (Railway  Jnn),  which  can 
be  reached  either  direct  from  Whitby 
{ante)  by  Cleveland  railway  in  about 
I  hi,  or  bj  walking  across  the  moors 


due  N.,  from  BosedaJe,  is  a  good 
point  from  which  (o  explore  the  wild 
country  on  either  side.  Proceed  S. 
along  Costleton  Ridge  by  Ralph  Cross 
(1409  ft.)  to  Blsiey  House  (1325  ft.), 
about  7  m..  and  about  4  m.  from  BoM' 
dale  village  (ante).  Bctoming,  braQCh 
"■  lear  Halph  Gross  to  WeiUrdaU, 
igii  which  the  Esk  runs,  Daviby 
Coatfe,  founded  14th  cent.,  now  belong- 
□g  to  Iioi'd  Downe,  and  well  worth  the 
iitiqusry's  notice;  and.  Danby  Beaam 
(988  ft.)  should  also  be  visited  on  S. 
side.  About  1^  m.  due  N,  of  lattor 
^between  the  Beacon  andWapleyNew 
nn)  are  remarkable  remains  of  British 
settlements."  N.  of  Costleton  walk 
cross  tbe  moors  to  FreebroKgh  Hill, 
m.,  and  Danby  Ch.  From  Kildale, 
he  next  station  ].,  the  tourist  may 
walk  over  the  moors,  to  Oattboroagh 
(sec),  about  8  m.  The  viiiftge  of 
Stoheiley,  station  beyond  Inglebf,  is 
a  good  centre  ihr  pleasant  excursions 
(Jnn:  Bhick  Swan);  a.  To  Whotltoa 
Cb.  (observe  noatuuents  to  tbe  Mey- 
nills)  and  Castle  (observe  gatehouse), 
"  a,  (Jnn:  Black  Horsey,  and  beyond 
MC.  Oraco  (Carthusian  Friorv)  and 
Osmothorley,  12  m,(Bee  Northallerfon). 
From  here  it  is  8  m.  to  Northallerton, 
and  4  m.  to  Welbury  Slat.  (N.  B. 
Bly.).  h.  To  OuiOxnvagh,  8^  a., 
stopping  at  Seieion  for  the  ascent, 
1  m.  from  the  village  to  the  summit, 
of  Saieberry   Topping  (1067  ft.),  and 

EjsiDg  Ayloa  (stat.),  where,  in  the  vil- 
ge-sclLOol,  Captain  Cook  was  (aught 

'Wtaltchnrcll  (Salop)— Jnnc. 

Stat.  L.  &  N.  W.  and  Qambriau  RIyB. 
(Jnn* :  Swan ;  Victoria)— is  a  busy  agri- 
cultural  town,  with  some  good  monu- 
TTKnte  in  tbe  cb.  to  tbe  Talbot^  Earls 
of  Shrewsbury, 

Exeuriioa, — H  m.  to  Oombenntrs 
Abbey,  the  seat  of  Visoount  Comber- 
more.  The  house  is  almost  modern, 
though  the  libtan  is  said  to  have  been 
the  refectory  of  the  old  Cistercian 
Abbey.  Tbe  gronods  ere  beautiful, 
and  there  ia  a  mere  of  130  acres. 
Visitors  are  permitted  access  to  the 
grounds  on  appUcatiou.  Fishing  is 
allowed  on  Tuesdays.  Tickets  at  U. 
a  parly  can  ba  obtained  at  the  Sala- 


462 


WUJTEIIAVEN-  WICK  WAR. 


manca    Inn   at   Wroobuiy,   close 
Wrenbnry  Slat.,  2  m.— but  3  days' 
notice  is  requited. 

Whitcbdbch  (Betka.),  »eo  Thames. 

WHrrcHOBCH  (Herefdrd.X  lee  Wye. 

"Wklteliaven  (Cumb.).  etat. 
Fnmesa  RI7. ;  eJso  for  Cockermoutlj, 
Keawick  and  Ppnrith  line ;  for  Cleatoi 
and  EffremoDt  branch ;  and  for  Ttfor;- 
port  and  OatliBle.  Jniu :  Globe ;  Black 
Lion  ;  Golden  Lion.  A  thriving  sea- 
port The  coal-miaea  are  most  in- 
teresting, and  extend  several  milea 
Tinder  the  sea.  On  the  1.  of  the  fine 
West  pier  ia  the  engine -honse,'  a 
handsome  building  resembling  a  castle, 
of  the  celebrated  Wellington  pit,  the 
upper  gallerieB  of  which  cotnmiinkate 
with  Uicse  of  the  William  pit  on 
opposite  side  of  the  harbour.  Enor- 
mous quantities  of  coal  and  iron-ore 
(htematile)  are  annually  exported. 
Huge  blast  flimaces  have  been  erected 
near  the  shore  and  railway,  and  a 
fine  new  pier  is  in  course  of  erection 
on  E.  side  of  the  harboni.  Steam- 
packets  to  Livorpool  (8  brs.) ;  Belfast 
(9  hra.) ;  Eamaey,  lale  of  Man  (3  bra,). 

4  u.  S.  is  St.  Beet ;   6  m.  Seaicale ; 

5  m.  Drigg,  at  either  of  which  stations 
conveyances  nun-  be  hired  for  Wait- 
uoter,  6  m.  The  visitor  is  recom- 
mended Ur  sleep,  if  poBsible,  at  Sea 
Cole  Hottl  (St.  Bees). 

WhiTSwixL,  see  Clitberoe. 

Whitfield,  see  Bexham. 

Whitfohd,  see  EolyaeO. 

Whitcibe,  see  Leeds. 

'Wtaltstable  (Kent),  Stat.  L. 
C.  &  D.  Ely. ;  also  8.  E.  Ely.,  niA 
Canterbury.  Inn;  B««  and  Key, 
This  is  a  rising  town— a  sea-port  for 
Canterbury  —  principally  noticeable 
for  the  large  oyster-beds  which  lie 
off  the  coaaL  The  Ch.  ia  Ferp.,  with 
embattled  tower,  and  stands  |  m. 
inland. 

Off  Whitslable  the  tide  leaves  dry 
for  J  m.  an  ancient  causeway,  called 
the  "Street,"  popularly  supposed  to 
represent  purt*of  a  former  town  snb- 
merged  by  the  sea,  and  whence  Eoman 
brills  are  often  brought  up  by  the 


Whittimoham,  see  Rothbury. 

Whtitingtos,  see  Osaealry. 

HrhlnleHea  (Camb.).  Stat 
G.  E.  Ely. 

et.  Manff  Ch.  (Perp.)  stands  higt 
and  its  lofty  tower  and  spire  form  > 
well-known  landmark  far  over  the  fcDS. 
of  the  most   richli 


land.    The  graceful  n 

the  spire  is  united  to    .    _ .. 

especially  worthy  of  notice.  The 
ch.  was  restored  in  1862  by  Sir  Q. 
G.  Scott ;  and  the  chapel  at  the  end 
of  the  8.  aisle,  which  hod  Ions'  serveil 
as  a  sclioolroom,  was  restor^  as  * 
memorial  of  8ir  Hany  Smith,  who 
was  a  native,  and  is   nuried  in  the 


Thomey,  5  m.  N.,  ia  a  somewhat 
picturesque  village.  It  is  indebted 
for  its  prosperity  and  pleasant  ap- 
pearance to  the  late  Duke  of  Bedford. 
Here  was  one  of  the  great  Benedictine 
abbeys,  founded  about  662.  Blaoy 
foundations  of  the  abbey  may  be 
traced  ;  but  the  oidy  remaiuing  por- 
tion is  the  present  ParUh  Churdi— 
itself  only  a  fragment  of  the  ch.  of  the 
abbey.  What  remains  is  the  centnl 
"  '  'm  of  the  nave  of  the  Nom. 
ith  a  west  front  chiefly  of  late 
character.  The  W.  window,  whM 
perfect,  must  have  been  magniflcenL 
In  1840  and  IS41  much  was  done 
to  the  ch.  under  the  direotion  of 
Mr.  Blore,  at  the  cost  of  the  Duke  of 
Bedford. 

Whitwell,  see  Wight,  lele  of. 

Whitw:ck,  see  AMiy-de4a-Zi>«<ih. 

Whorltos,  see  Wkiibj/. 

WicKEN,  see  Ely. 

WiOKEN     BoKNETT.     Bee     Saffron 
Walden. 

WIckwar  (Glouoert.),  Stat, 
Midi.  Ely.jhr.  rideftom  Bristol.  There 
is  nothing  of  interest  in  the  town,  bnl 
the  archfeologist  should  visit — (a)  6  m. 
S,E.,  IIa-a)kfd)tirg  Ch.  (Perp.),  which 
has  a  porvise  over  the  N.  porch,  and 
ancient  altar-tombs.  A  toe 
tiora  the  tower  on  the  hill  abore. 
erected  to  Lord  B.  E.  Somenel, 
Apply  to  the  gardener,  (h)  To  Crm- 
hall,  Sm.  N.W.,  where,  on  Tmejanl 
the  tile  of  a  Eoman  viBa. 


WIDNE8—W1GET,  ISLE  OF. 


the  Mersey;  uougb  interesting  f 
varioas  mtinufactnreB  of  aoap,  railway 
grease,  alkalies,  and  cheimcB.ls.  Visit 
— (a)  Mr.  Ooeiage'a  Soap  Factory, 
'wbere  salt  is  converted  inbt  silicate 
of  soda  by  a  Tery  ingenious  proeess. 
Sltown  an;  daj  between  II  and  3 
to  visitorB  property  introduced.  (6) 
Nitrogenised  Bone  Mannre  Work)  of 
MesBra.  Knigbt  and  Co.,  at  Moss  Bank. 
(o)  The  magnificent  lailway  frriitoe, 
which  oarriea  the  L.  &.  N.  W. 
direct  London  and  Liverpool  Ely. 
across  the  Mersey  to  Runcorn.  It  is 
on  the  principle  known  as  Tneller'a 
girder,  is  1500  ft.  lone,  and  75  ft. 
above  higb-water  nark.  It  is  al- 
together one  of  the  finest  btidgee  in 


UpholiastA  Priory,  founded  by  B.  de 
Holland  in  the  feign  of  Jobn.  The  Ck. 
contains  brasses  of  the  Biapham  family. 
Diatanees  (from  Wigan  by  rail). — 
ManchitieryYI  m. ;  Freabm,  16  m.  ; 
Warrijigton,    13   m.;    Grease,    87  m.  ; 


,™™ 


>l,lSv 


England. 

L.  &   N.  W.,  and  Lane,  &  Yorksh., 


II  (Lancash.) — two  Slats. . 


both  close  to  the  town  (Inim : — t 
good  —  Victoria ;  Railway)  —  Pott- 
oMce,  Wallgate— is  the  metropolia  of 
t£e  Lancashire  iron  and  cool  district. 
The  Ch.  has  a  venerable  tower,  two 
chapels,  called  Wolmsleysnd  Lindsay, 
the  former  of  tbe  date  of  Henry  VIH. 
niere  ia  a  fine  piece  of  tapestry,  for- 
merly the  altaj-piece,  andmonumenlal 
effigies  to  Sir  W.  Bradsbaigh,  of  Haigh, 
and  his  wife  Mabel,  whose  atoiy  is 
commemorated  by  Mob's  Ctom,  in 
Standish    Gate. 

Exeartioni. — 2)  m.  N.  to  Eaigk 
Hall  (E.  of  Crawford  and  Balcarres), 
the  old  seat  of  the  BradBhnighs.  The 
gardens  are  fine  and  are  courteously 
ahown  on  application.  TheEallbnot 
shown. 

The  Ch.  at  Standieh,  nest  station  to 
Wigaa  on  Preston  line,  containa  a 
monument  by  Baeon,  representing 
Commerce  andlndustry.  An  alabaster 
effigy  to  Sir  E.  Wrightington,  and  an 
altar-tomb  to  B.  Moodi,  the  first  vicar 
(1584).  In  the  HaB  (N.  Eckersley, 
EsqO.  the  Lancashire  Plot  of  1691 
for  dethronement  of  William  III.  was 
concocted. 

i  m.  N.  of  UphoOand  Sto(.,  3  m. 
from  Wigan  June.,  are  scanty  ruing  of 


igrliti  Isle  of  (Hants).  The 
traveller  may  enter  the  Isle  either  at 
(a)  Eyde,  from  Portsmouth,  Poitaea, 
or  Soutbsea  (about  30  min.);  or 
Stokea  Bay  (15  min.);  (6)  Oneai 
(Weal),  from  Southampton  (50  ndn.) ; 
and  (o)  Yarmouth  &om  Lyitungton 
(30  min.).  Steamers  ply  several  times 
daily.  Trains  run  between  Byde 
and  Ventnor,  with  branch  at  Sandown 
for  Newport;  and  between  Byde  and 
Cowes,  vid  Newport,  with  stations  at 
Ashey,  Haven-street,  Wootton,  and 
Whippingham  (for  Osborne).  The 
island  is  "  of  an  irregular  rhomboidal 
form,"  22}  m.  in  length  from  E.  to  W., 
11  m.  broiul  in  widest  part,  bnt  with 
an  average  breadth  of  6}  m.  The 
circuit  of  the  island  by  land  ia  56  m., 
by  water  about  64  m.  Popnlatirai  in 
1871,  66,lfi5.  The  mild  and  eqnable 
climate,  and  the  completo  abeltor  from 
the  N.E.  winds,  render  the  "back  of 
the  island"  a  highly  favourable  re- 
sidence for  invalids  throughout  the 
The  places  most  recommended, 
be  late  Sir  James  Clark  especially, 
Ventnor  and  the  Undereliff  (see 
poai).  In  emmner-ttnie,  however,  the 
island  ia  literally  crowded  with  plea- 
■seeiers,  and  in  the  more  &vourite 

ta  it  is  often  diEBcult  to  obtain 

lodgings  or  hotel  accommodation.  A 
popular  guide  to  the  geolo^  of  the 
island  will  be  found  in  Hantell's 
'  Geological  Eicundona  round  the  Isle 
of  Wight '  (publishtd  by  Bohn,  price 
5«.).  The  botanist  is  recommended  to 
provide  himself  with  a  copy  of  Brom- 
field'a  '  Flowering  Plants  and  Fema, 
Isle  of  Wight '  (published  by  Pamplin, 
price  21e.).  A  voyage  round  the  is- 
land should  certainly  not  be  omitted, 
as  it  is  the  only  means  of  tboroushly 
enjoying  the  ooaat  scenery,  wbiui  is 


WIGBT.  ISLE  OF. 


mouth  or  Southampton,  alwaji  colling 

Ht  Byde,  and  tometimea  at  Cowe«, 
Yarmouth,  Alom  Bay,  acid  Ventnor. 
When  no  landiDg  is  uuuie,  the  voyage 
occupies  little  mora  than  i  hours. 
Pare,  3<.  Gd. 

Jtyde—ilnni:  Pier  H.;  Eagle; 
Siiier'B— ail  close  to  the  water ;  E^la- 
tiBde  H. ;  Yeira ;  Kent ;  Crown :  York) 
—  ia  now  the  chief  town  in  theidand. 
The  Pier, }  m.  long,  itlbrdB  a  favourite 
prumenade.  On  W.  of  it,  faring  the 
sea,  vs  the  Boyal  Yictoria  Yacht  Club. 
From  K.  eide  extends  the  Esplanade. 
The  priooipel  Btreeti  are  Union-Hreet 
(conneotia"  "  Upper  "  and  "  Lower  " 
Ej-de),  and  George-itreet,  iu  which  is 
the  new  building  of  the  Scliool  of  Art, 
opened  by  B.K.U.  the  Princess  Louise, 
in  Dec.  1ST5,  nhichcontaiusa  Mateum 
of  objects  of  local  interest.  Pleasant 
ivalki  abound  in  the  neighbourhood. 
Binstead,  1  m.  W.,  a  pretty  village. 
Observe  grotesque  flgure  over  old 
Norm,  atch  of  gatewajj  into  ehuioh- 
jard.  The  quarries,  principally  lime- 
stone, in  the  I  neighbourhood  will  be 
examined  with  Diuoh  interest  by  the 
geolorti't.  1  m.  beyouil  are  remains 
of  Quarf  AWey,  founded  temp.  Hen.  I. 
The  walk  may  be  oontiuued,  either 
through  Woottoo  bridge  (3  m.  S.W.) 
or  Haven-Btreet,  a  pretty  village  with 
small  new  Chnroh  (IJ  m.  S.),  to  Nea- 
port  (pott),  7  m.  from  Byde.  Prom 
8i.  John't,  the  E.  snharb  of  Byde,  the 
railway  runs  S.  and  S.W.  to  Ventnor, 
with  stations  at  Brading.  Saitdo\en, 
Shanklin,  and  WrDiaif— all  these 
stations  at  inconvenient  distances  from 
the  places  themselves.  The  touiiat, 
however,  is  strongly  advised  to  nalb 
or  drive ;  the  distance  between  Byde 
and  Ventnor  is  12  m. ;  there  are  con- 
venient halting  places,  and  the  scenery 
is  delightful. 

i  m,  due  8.  from  Byde  is  Brading. 
Tnne:  Bugle;  AVheatsbeaf.  The 
Church  (raditionully  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  WUfred  of  York.  Much 
of  the  bnildiog  ia  Trans.-Norm. ;  the 
tower  and  apire  E.  E,  Observe  in 
chancel  curioaa  incised  grave-slab, 
with  efflgy,  of  John  Cbcrowin,  d,1441; 
monuments  to  the  Oglander  fkmily  ; 
and  in  ciiurchyard   epitaph   on  tomb 


of   Mrs.  Berry.    In     S.E.   oomei 
Ch.  is  the  grave  of  "  Little   Jane," 
the  Buhjeot  of  one  of  Legh  Ricbinond'l 
well-known  stories.     E.  of  Brading  it 
BenAridge,  a  very  quiet  place,  where 
pleasant  lodgingd  may  be  had.     On  S. 
side  of  the  peninsula,  Ij  m.  from  the 
village,  is  WhilecUf  Bay,  a  gcoli:igicaI 
field   of   no    common    intertwL     The 
magnificent  Otdver  Cliffs,  (chaik)  are 
S.  of  the  bay.    On  the  down  above. 
which  should   be   ascended    for    the 
view,  ia  an  obelisk  to  the  1st  "Eaxl  ik 
Yarbowugh,  erected  by  members  of  the 
Royal   Yacht   Squadron.     Betamin; 
from  Bemhridge,  visit  the  little  Ch. 
of  Yaverlaad,  which  has  rich   Norm. 
S.  door  and  chancel  arch  ;     hence  it 
ia    1   m.    S.W.  to    Saitdovm.    (Inut: 
••  SandowE    H, ;    King's    Head    H, 
both   close  to   Uie   sea),   a    very  (a- 
vourite    as   well    as    fasliionable   re- 
sort.   The  sands  and  bathing  are  ex- 
cellent.   The  place  was  first  bron^ 
into  note  by  John  Wilkes  of  *  Krath 
Briton '  notoriety.    It  is  a  delightftd 
walk  (2  m.),  either  on  top  of  cli^  ot 
by    the    sands,  to   Shanklin    (Iniu: 
Daieh's    H.  ;      Hollier's     H.,      both 
pleasantly   situated,  a   few   minutes' 
walk  from  the   sea ;    Boyal  8m  H., 
on    the   beauh;     Clarendon    H.,    in 
the  N.  suburb,  called  Oalten;  Marine 
H,,    adjoining    railway   station,    {  m. 
N.) ;  once  a  highly  picturesque  vilhige, 
is  now  a  town  of  some  pretensions, 
with  large  houses  on  the  clifls,  an 
esplanade,  &c     The  Chine,  <Hie   of 
its   attractions,   is  a  vooded   ravine 
opening  to  the  sea-shore,  and  is  cer- 
tainly very  picturesque.    Few  spots 
in  the  island  commana  so  many  beauti- 
ful   and    varied  walks.    The   eanda, 
right  and  left,  are  firm,  and  the  cliff 

gstlid  are  good.  A  lovely  walk  leadt 
om  W.  end  of  churchyard  to  top  of 
the  inland  clifi',  at  Cook'e  Cattle,  2  m., 
(a  modern  artificial  ruin),  commanding 
a  splendid  view. 

To  Bonthureh  (Ribband's  Hotel, 
exceUent),  2  m.,  and  11m.  from  Byde. 
The  tourist  is  recommended  to  turn 
out  of  the  high  road,  S.E!.,  near  the 
waterworks,  to  Zueernnta  Chine,  a 
pretty  rocky  glen  with  some  flsheiB' 
cottages ;   this  will  add  abont  It  m. 


WIGBt,  ISLE  OF. 


1C5 


to  tlio  Tfaik.  TlieDce,  if  low  niiter, 
nloDS  Hie  aliore  (rather  tough  italk- 
ing),  oxeseendiDg  BK>ii><val^  thiODgh 
the  wooded  landdip  to  the  lovdf 
Tillage  of  B<mchitTcb,  a  spot  wbioh 
well  merita  the  late  Or.  Amold'r 
cotamendatioii  aa  "the  moat  beatiti 
fUl  thing  OD  the  aea-coeat  on  this  aide 
of  Genoa."  The  stranger  ahould  visit 
the  newohorch  (built  1817-8)  uid  the 
beautiful  ohorchyfird  (apply  to  the  ia- 
combent,  if  the  gate  1>b  lotted) ;  eleo 
the  old  (now  disused)  chiuch  and 
churchyard.  Beneath  a  Inonument 
realising  his  own  'Shadow  of  the 
Groan'  reposes  Wm.  Adams;  and  by 
his  aide  John  Sterling,  belter  knonn 
for  hia  biographers  Julius  Hare  and 
Thomas  Cailyle.  Aocend  SL  Boni/i. 
Down  (783  ft.),  the  highest  ground 
the  istand.  Alraat  2  m.  m>m  Be 
church  ia  Ventnor,  at  which  the 
tourist  should,  if  possible,  halt  for 
a  day  or  two.  Ima;  Bojal  H. ; 
Marine  H. ;  Esplanade  H. ;  and 
the  old  and  comfortable  thatched 
hoatel,  the  Ciab  and  Lobster.  The 
climate  here  is  parlicokrlj^  mil 
dry,  and  equable,  and  in  winter 
peCDlierl;  fitted  for  coosumptivo 
patients.  A  National  CSonsumpti'- 
Hoapilal  has  been  established  at  i 
LaiCTenee,  2  m.  W,  The  town 
deserredl;  much  resorted  to  in  au. 
mer-time  by  pleaenre-seekers.  Coaches 
nm  daily  to  Neinport  (13  m.),  Black- 
gang  (7  m.) ;  also  three  times  a  wetk 
to  Jreshwaler  (20  m.)  and  Aloio 
Bay,  leaying  Ventnor  loon  after  9  am., 
and  returning  from  the  Needles  E., 
about  7  F.H.,  in  time  for  last  train 
to  Kjde.  At  entrance  of  town  on  E., 
coming  from  Bonchurch,  is  the  fine 
Chur^  of  Holy  Trinity,  which  is 
worth  a  visit  It  has  a  fine  reredoe, 
pulpit,  and  font.  Delightfal  walks 
abound  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
town.  The  5  m.  oetween  the  town 
and  Hiton  takes  the  tourist  tlirough 
the  UndercHf,  a  gigantic  landslip, 
and  certain!^  the  most  picturesque 
pari  of  Ihe  island.  The  fallen  and 
overhanging  rocks  once  standing  on 
a  base,  loi^Iy  known  as  the  ''blue 
slipper,"  from  its  colour  and  the 
lendency  of  the  overlying  strala  to 


slip  or  elide  on  its  surface,  are  covered 
with  a  rich  growth  of  plants  and 
nnderwood,  and  are  full  of  oatural 
beauty.  Leaving  Tentnor,  2  m.  W. 
ia  81.  Lawrence  (good  Hotel),  noted 
for  ita  Well  and  dtminnCive  Church. 
Below  the  Hotel  are  some  curious 
ivy-elftd  remains  of  aa  B.-E.  house. 
From  the  Ch.  avieit  should  be  paid 
to  Whitwell,  1  m,  N.,  where  the  Church 
(Norm,  and  E.-E.)  is  a  remarkable 
structure.  It  consists  of  two  distinct 
chapels,  each  with  ita  chancel  and 
alitB.!  comraunicnting  by  an  arcade. 
Hence,  a  pleasant  field  path  leads  to 
Niton,  1  m.  S.W.  Inn:  While  Lion. 
[A  toad  leads  N.  by  Bookley  lo  New- 
port, 8  m.]  A  carriage-road  leads 
tFom  tlie  village  to  St.  Catherine's 
Down  (769  ft),  commanding  a  glorious 
view.  The  tourist  should  descend  for 
Innch  to  the  Sandrock  Hotel,  one  of 
the  best  and  pleasantly  situated. 
Between  it  and  the  shore  is  8t. 
Catheria^i-terrace,  a  row  of  good 
lodging-houses.  If  lime  permit,  visit 
ou  the  shore,  which  is  reached  by  a 
rather  long  and  fatiguing  descent, 
Piickaster  Cove,  a  picluwsque  inlet 
with  fishers'  hnts  and  boata;  also 
Ruth  Bay,  quiet  and  aSbrding  excel- 
lent bathing.  On  Bt.  Catlierine's 
Point,  below  the  Hotel  and  the 
extreme  8.  point  of  Ule  island,  a 
lighthouse  has  been  erected.  About 
I  m.  from  Sandtock  is  Bladtgang 
Chine  (two  good  SoUiU  and  some 
lodging-houses),  a  picturesque  chasm 
worth  seeing,  especially  from  the  shore 
at  low  wal«r.  Bathing  here  is  dan- 
gerous on  account  of  the  back  draught 
of  the  surf,  and  should  neeer  be  at- 
tempted. The  Uodercliff  ends  here, 
and  the  road  descends  to  village  of 
Chal«,  2  m.    The  tourist  will  probably 


s&ike  off  inland  towards  Newport. 
The  former  affords  a  delightful  walk 
of  about  12}  m.,  and  should  be  pre- 
ferred. The  coast  as  far  as  Brook  is 
indented  by  a  succession  of  chinea, 
some  of  them  of  great  beauty.  Aft«r 
passing  W<dpeit,  Ladder,  apd  Whale 
Ghinei,  all  worth  visiting,  is  reached 
tmm   Blnckgaug)  AtherfieUl 


463 


WIOST,  JSDE  OF. 


Poinl.  [From  heie  tbere  is  a.  good 
road  to  Shorjcell,  2  m.  N.,  where  the 
Chmch,  temp.  Bdward  UI.,  is  worth 
Dotire.  Thence  by  Shorwell,  Row- 
borough,  and  Bowoombe  to  Cariabrooke 
<™i(),4  m.]  From  Atheifleld  it  is  3 
m.  W.  to  Biightton  (or  Bnxlon)  Rec- 
tory (U  m.  from  Ventnor),  hononrably 
distinsiiiBlied  as  haTing  given  to  the 
English  Church  three  prSateB— Ken, 
whose  favovirite  wait  id  still  pointed 
out  in  the  lovely  paiBouage  garden : 
the  late  Bishop  (Wilberforee)  oE  Win- 
chei^ter;  and  the  present  Bishop 
(Moberly)  of  Saliabnry.  Beyond  this, 
the  slioiQ  is  less  inteieeting.  2  m. 
N.W.  is  Mottiiton,  wliere  the  quaint 
little  Trans.-Norm.  Church,  nnd,  N. 
of  it,  a,  highly  pictnresque  gabled 
maiioi-hoiise  should  be  inspected.  The 
latter  belonged  to  the  Chtke  family, 
fiom  which  sprang  Sir  Jolm  Cbeke, 
imoiortallsed  by  Milton  as  the  tntor  of 
Edward  VI.  On  tlie  down  above  the 
village  is  a  primieval  memorial,  pro- 
bably Draidioal,  called  the  Longrlaae, 
13  ft.  high.  1  m.  farther  W.  is  Brook 
manor-house  (0.  Beely,  Esq.,  M.P.),  in 
which  Garibaldi  was  a  guest  on  bis 
Tisit  to  England  in  1861.  !□  the  old 
house  Henry  VII.  was  eniertaiiied  by 
Dame  Bowermno,  1499.  From  Brook, 
you  may  either  descend  to  the  coaet,  or 
tarD  N.  by  ShaletnrA  and  over  Afion 
Down.  On  the  crest  of  Afton  Down 
a  group  of  tumuli  traditionally  marks 
the  burial-place  of  Arvald,  last  Jutish 
King  of  Wight,  and  his  followers,  and 
the  views  of  the  Burrounding  country 
ars  of  KTeat  beauty.  Thence  descent 
is  made  upon  Freshwater  Oate,  i  m. 
from  Broofe,  where  are  two  eicellent 
Soleti — Albion,  on  the  shore ;  Lam- 
bert's, ou  the  cliff;  as  well  as  some 
pleasantly  situated  lodging-houses. 
Its  attractions  for  Ihe  ordinary  tourist 
are  great,  and  to  the  geologist  they 
are  almost  unrivalled.  About  *  m. 
W.  is  Fartiugford  (residence  of  the 
Poet  Laureate).  The  tourist  is  now 
in  the  western  extremity  of  Uie  island, 
which  is  almost  insulated  by  the  little 
river  Tar.  The  coast  walk  round  the 
Freshwater  peninsula  (about  12  m. 
the  round)  should  not  be  omittod, 
though  to  ftilly  appreciate  the  scenery, 


the   tourist    should   peaa    in     a    hoa\ 
between  Freshwater  Ga-te  and  Alms 
^  .   land    at  Bt^atchelVg   Bay,  ana 
sail  between  and  ronnd    the  Needla. 
5  isolated  rocks,  of  whicli   three  onli 
boldly  out   of   the    water.     TIk 
rsion  may  be   broken    at    AJnn 
Bay,   where  there    is    an     exoellenl 
Hotel  and  a  new  pier.     [The   touriat 
wishing  to  proceed  from  bere  to  New- 
port   (for  Cowes    or   Kyde),    II    m, 
will  reach  at  6  m.  the  pretty  vilUgc 
of     CaJhoBTne,    with     its      interesting 
E.-E.  Church;  I  m.  beyond  Sieaimtm 
(Sir    B.    Simeon,    Bart.X    originallj 
granted  by  King  Egbert  to  the  Bishops 
of  Winchester:    tliOQ  the   castle  and 
village  of  Cari^ooke,  1  m.  f^m  New- 
port.]  Continuing  the  excntaionaloog 
the    coast   from  Alum   Bay   to   Yst- 
moatb,  about  5  m.,  the    tooriat  will 
enjoy  the    magnificent    scenery  fnm    i 
Headon  Hill  (397  ft.),  on  N.  side  of 
the  bay,  visit  SeaOtermood  Poinl,  and 
skirting   ColweU  Bay  (the  village  19 
inland  and  abounds  in  lodging-houMl) 
reach  Cliff-end  Fori  ami  Norton,  ana 
iug    the   estuary    by    the    toil- 


et the  U 


nof 


Yarmmiik  {Inns;  George  Hotel; 
Bugle  Hotel),  the  position  of  whJdi 
is  an  advaati^eous  one  for  pleasure- 
seekers.  A  new  pier  is  erected  ftor 
the  steamboat  traffic  to  Lymingtcs, 
Cowes,  &c.  The  climate  is  good, 
the  batlung  excellent,  and  few  places 
on  the  coast  offer  greater  bcilitiaa 
for  boating.  In  the  town  itself,  the 
Church,  the  long  bridge  over  the  Yir, 
and  thu  George  Hotel,  fortoeiiy  tbe 
house  of  the  Governor  of  the  island, 
ore  the  only  objects  of  interest.  In 
ihe  Ch.,  built  1835,  and  well  restored, 
notice  handsome  bronze  leotcm  and 
tbe  Holmes  Chapel.  The  dintaHea 
from  Yarmouth  arfr— Lymington,  5  m. ; 
Freshwater  Gate,  3  m.  (the  estuary 
is  navigable  as  high  as  Freshwalu 
mills,  2  m.) ;  Calboume  (miiri), 
4J  m. ;  Newport,  16  m.  Proceedjng 
towards  Newport  I  m.,are  village  tM 
Ch.  of  ThorUy;  Skalfleit,  about  5  m. 
from  Yarmonth,  where  the  Church 
(tower  and  N.  doorway  Norm.,  rat 
E,  E.)  deserves  notice,  and  fiomwhidi 
the  "  Hampstead  beds,"  rich  in  tettiiij 


WIGHT,  IBLE  OF. 


fluviatile  fosails,  2  m.  N.W.,  ma;  be 
most  conveniently  visited.  1  m.  N. 
of  Slialfleet  is  ttia  decayed  tona  of 
Neatovm  (7nn.-  Newtown  Anus), 
a  pleaaant,  qniet  place,  north  n  visit; 
thence  to  the  pretty  hamlet  of  Loch's 
Green,  nod  1}  m.  further  E.,  to  hamlet 
of  P^yrchfidd,  at  ealcaDce  tu  PiiTkhUTH 
Foretl.  CrossiDKtliefbrestinaS.K.di- 
rection,  the  tourist  will  emerge,  at  3  m., 
a  little  W.  of  the  Albauy  barracli 
}  m.  tcoia  the  aacient  capital  town  of 

Neieporl  (Inns:  "Bugle  H.,  in 
High-street ;  Warburlou'a,  in  Quay- 
straet ;  Star),  situated  nearly  in  the 
centre  of  the  island  on  the  river 
Medina,  which  is  navigable  up  to  this 
point.  Except  the  Grammar  School, 
St.  James'B-stieet,  with  its  aad  memo- 
ries of  Charles  I.,  and  the  aboriive  ne- 
gotiations between  him  and  Li^  patlia- 
ment  (Oct.  1648) ;  the  Churek  of  St. 
Tkomaia,  and  a  feeble  Classical  Town 
Hall  (by  Naah),  there  are  no  public 
buildings  worth  attention.  In  the 
richly  decorated  Ckm-ch,  notice  es- 
pect^ly  the  carred  oak  pulpil,  dated 
1636,  and  the  very  beautiful  monument 
by  Marochetti  at  E.  end  of  the  N.  aiel^, 
erected  by  Queen  Victoria  to  memory 
of  the  Princess  Blizahetb,  daugbter 
of  Obarlee  I.,  nbo  died  a  prisoner  in 
Garisbrooke  Castle,  1650.  and  whose 
remains  are  intOTred  beneath  the 
ohanoel.  The  Muaeum,  comer  of 
Lngley-street  and  8t  Jamee's-Btreet, 
has  an  interesting  coUectioD  of  local 
antiquities  and  geological  specimens. 
The  fiiat  walk  wdl  be  to  Cariibrooke 
Cattle,  li  m.  S.W.  and  1}  m.  from 
Stride  Stat.,  Newport  3c  Sandown 
Rly.  There  is  an  omnibus  service 
to  and  from  Newport  (Pan  Mill)Stat., 
and  tbroqgh  tioketa  are  issued  from  all 
stations,  including  omnibus  fore.  The 
Castio  (admission  id.')  crowns  the 
sommit  of  a  hill  2S9  ft.  above  the  sea, 
separated  by  a  narrow  valley  from  the 

Siettj  Tillage  and  Church  of  Caris- 
rooke.  Very  few  of  the  military 
rains  of  England  snipass  it  in  i'- 
taresqua  beauty  and  architectural 
tereat.  The  finest  feature  of  the 
eiterior  is  the  noble  entrance  gute- 
way,  erected  by  Edward  IV.'s  brother- 
in-law,    Anthony    Woodville,    Lord 


and  in  which  the  Princess  Eliiabefh 
died,  preserve,  nmid  later  additions 
and  alterations,  the  shell  of  the  Hall 
of  Baldwin  de  Redvers,  and  the  little 
chapel'  of  laabolla  do  Fortihus,  con- 
verted into  a  gi-and  ataircase  by  Lord 
Cuttft  1693-1706.  The  femous  Castle 
well,  240  ft.  deep,  from  which  the 
drawn  by  a  donkey  treading 
wooden  wheel ;    and  the 


It  also  contains  some  interesting 
monuments ;  tlience  to  the  Soman 
Villa,  a  little  above  the  Ch.  (finger- 
posts point  tbe  way).  Longer  ex- 
euriiotie  can  be  made— (a)  To  Eroding 
{eiipTo),  11  m.  by  railway,  8  m.  by 
road,  visiting  en  route  the  interesting 
E.-K  ChuMh  of  ArretOTt,  1  m.  N.  of 
Horringford  Stat.,  and  4  m.  by  rood 
from  Newport.  In  the  Churchyard 
is  the  grave  of  Legh  Bichmond'a 
■Dairyman's  Daughter.'  (6)  To  Vent' 
nor  (».  Bup.),  11  m.,  passing,  at  SJ  m.. 
Church  and  Park  (C.  Seely,  Esq., 
M.P.)  of  Qaicomhe  [1  m.  S.E.  at  Sheat 
is  a  Jacobean  manor-house,  well  worth 
a  visit] ;  at  5  m.  Bookley,  whence  a 
road  goes  off  S.W.  to  Chale  (9  m.), 
crossing  Bleak  Down.a  famous  botani- 
lund,  and  the  road  due  8.  leads 


rs: 


(9  n,.)j 


direction,  is  reached  the  pretty  villa^ 
of  GodeUll  (Inn:  Griffin).  The 
Chwreh  here  (Dec.  and  Perp.)  is  one 
of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  Island, 
and  contains  some  interesting  monu- 
ments. 2  m.  further  S.  are  the  park 
and  mansion  (now  occupied  as  a  school) 
of  Amfiiduritmbe,  formerly  the  seat  of 
the  Earl  of  Yatborongb.  On  the  highest 
ground,  6S5  ft.  above  the  sea,  ia  an 
obelisk,  TO  ft.  high,  to  Sir  Bobert 
Worsley,  Bart.  1  m.  beyond  is  IFroxall, 
Stat.,  Isle  of  Wight  Ely.,  whence 
the  road  ascends  Boniface  Down 
(ii.  supra)  above  Ventnor,  and 
commanding  most  striking  views. 
5  m.,  due  N.  of  Nun-port  are  Eatt  and 


enter  the  mer.  A'djoiung  it  are  the 
baths  and  balhing  machineB.  The 
Parade  near  tlie  CsBtle  is  a  pleasant 
promenade.  There  are  a<fcmraWe 
bcilities  for  boating  excursions.  The 
Begalla  takes  place  annually  in 
Augnst.  Messrs.  White's  sbipbuiM- 
iDg  yard  should  be  visited.  On  the 
opposite  aide  of  the  harbour,  reached 
by  ferry.isJEiul  Coiiiei{*liIedirta  Hotel). 
The  Park  U  nan  covered  with  villas 
commanding  good  viewfi,  and  on  the 
top  of  the  hill  ia  a  large  botanio 
guden.  Slaiamodt,  a  villa  at  aide 
of  Newport  road,  was  (he  birthplace 
of  Dr.  Arnold,  of  Rugby.  In  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  are  Eait 
Cowa  Cattle  (Dowager  Viscount- 
ess Gort);  Worm  CanOe  (B,  Bell, 
Kaq.'),  the  occasioaal  retreat  of  the 
Ducbess  of  Kent,  and  of  her  Majesty 
the  Queen  when  Princess  Victoria;  and 
almost  a4F>ining  latter,  Oabome  Houie 


times  inaccessible  to  casual  visitots. 
I  m.  8.  ia  the  Church  (rebuilt)  of 
Wkippingham,  at  which  her  Majesty 
attends  during  hei  resideuce  at  Os- 
borne. Much  of  the  beauty  of  the 
present  building  is  owing  to  the 
muuifloeoce  and  care  of  the  Queen 
and  the  hite  Prince  Consort.  Nottoe 
especiatly  monament  by  Thetd  in 
chance],  and  font,  both  in  meotory 
of  tli8  Prince  Consort ;  also  a  mural 
(ablet  to  the  fotber  of  Dr.  Arnold. 

A  Four  or  Sir  Day*'  Tour. 
lit  day. — Reach  Ryde  Rrom  London 


^DO.V.  _ 

pe  the  town  ;  take  train  to 
villi;  in  tlie  evening  along 
sands  (a  m.)  to  Sbanklin. 
'lier's,  or  Daish'a  Hotel. 
"Walk  to  BonchoToh  by 
->me  and  the  Landslip, 
3h»\  Yentnor,  2  m,  Lnndi 
e  tA-^bstsr  Hotel.  Walk 
d  T^cfl  and  St  Lawrence 
lecclift'^ieep  at  Bandroek 

"Vigang  Chine; 

. — To    Bid  'tighston,    and 

Chale,    l)e>,«a  to  Fresh- 

.ver  Afton  Dni'ske  boat  to 

.,  12   m.     It  ■.yal  Needles 

ludaleepatBi^'' 

Hotel.      '  ~l-  to  Caris- 

4th  day.— By  Cnlbonme  'PByIai^ 

brooke  and  Newport,  11  m.    TniptM]; 

way    to    Cowes    for    SouthaP' 

thence  by  train  to  London.         ^'idsys 

With  an  additional  two  or  morj- .  walk 

at  his  disposal,  the  tourist  should  IfJe; 

from  Byde  to  Sandown,  on  the  E.  ai?^ 

and   instead  of  proceeding    by   Cd'*' 

boorne  to  Newport  {4th  day)  shonli*^ 

the  N.W.  coast 


Thence  by  Shalfleet  and  Newtown 
West  Cowes :   cross  (he  ferry  to  Bast 
Cones,  see  Whippingham  Church,  and 
walk  by  Wootton,  Quarr,  and  Binstead, 
to  Ryde  (v.  tupra), 

WlBTSton  (Leiceflter.)-^nnc.  Stat. 
Midi.  Rly„  3i  m.  from  Leicester.and  16^ 
m.  tromBngby— is  a  busy  place,  chiefly 
occupied  with  the  hosiery  trade.  2  m. 
W.  is  village  of  Oadby,  a  meet  for  the 
Qucimdon  hounds.  The  Ch.  contains 
interesting  monuments.  iai-S-iaOleB 
(Stat.Xaatocklng-makingvJJI^e;  and 
about  1  m.  S,  from  station  is  WMote, 
with  a  fine  E.-E.  Ch.  Wistow  Hall 
(Sit  H.  Halford,  Bt.)  contains  many 
porttaits  of  Geo^e  III.,  his  &mily  and 
friends ;  and  jn  the  hall  are  preesred 
the  saddleandstirrnpsof  Chaa.I.,  who 
passed  a  night  at  Wjslow  just  beEore 
the  battle  of  Naaeby. 

WiLDERNBasE.  See  Bevenoaltt. 

WiLLlTON,  eeo  Lynlon. 

Wilton,  seo  Satidmry. 

'Wlmbludon  (Surrey),  Stat,  L. 
&  S.  W.  BIv.,  n  m.  ironi  Waterloo 
Stat.     Also  Stat.  L.  B.  &  B.  C.  RIy. 


WIMBLEDOX—  WIMBOBSE. 


lines  divei^  here  toMttobani ,  TooUng, 
the    CiTstal    Palace,   Gioydon,    aad 

The  village  liea  principally  on  the 
8.B.  edge  of  Wimbledon  Common. 
The  principal  residence  is  HVmWedon 
Home  (Sir  W.  H.  Peek),  once  the  pro- 
petty  of  Capt.  Wanrat'B  motlier. 

AnouUyingsuburb,  New  Wimbledon, 
has  grown  up  on  the  load  lo  MerUm 
(Jnn:  White  Hart),  a  vUlage  4  m.  S. 
of  Wimbledon  Stat.  On  the  tt.  of  the 
railway,  a  little  beyond  tlie  station,  is 
the  All  England  Croquet  Club  ground. 

Wimbledon  Park,  which  in  1336  was 
■evered  from  the  Spencer  estates,  has 
been  partially  covered  with  hELndsome 
houses,  bat  the  central  poition  is  still 
unsold.  It  is  very  pleasant  and  open, 
and  includes  a  fine  lake  of  over  30 
acres.  The  surlace  ia  diverdfled ;  there 
are  bill  and  dell,  nnmerous  ftne  trees, 
and  wide  piosp^^  and  it  is  a  most 
pleasant  spot  for  a  ramble.  Two  pnblic 
nmds  lead  across  it  to  Putney  Heatli 
uid  to  Wandsworth. 

The  CkuTch  (St.  Mary)  adjoins  the 
park,  )  m.  from  the  village.  It  wa« 
rebuilt  in  1833-4 ;  enlarged  from  Sir 
O.  Scott's  designs  in  1843,  and  in  1S60 
the  chancel  was  rebuilt.  B.  of  the 
chancel  is  the  Wimbledon  Chapel, 
erected  temp.  James  I.,  by  Viscount 
Wimbledon,  aa  a  family  mansoleum. 
In  the  cbiuchyard  are  many  pompous 

'Wunbledon  Cimimon,  the  widest  and 
most  picturesque  of  the  commons  iiO' 
mediately  contij^oous  to  Loudon,  is 
ft  broad,  open,  gorse-coveied  heath  of 
1000  acTGB,  stretching  westward  from 
Wimbledon  Park  to  Putney  Ueath, 
and  including  portions  of  the  parishes 
of  Putney  and  Wandawotth,  Here, 
in  every  Jnly,  is  a  grand  gathering  of 
Volunteers  at  the  annual  meeting!  of 
the  National  Rifie  Ataodalion.  The 
butts  ate  permanent,  and  rifle  practice 
Koes  on  every  week-day  but  Wednes- 
day all  the  year  round.  On  Uie  borders 
of  the  common  are  several  good  bouses. 

A  very  pleasant  walk  may  be  taken 
through  Wimbledon  Park  and  Putney 
Heath,  and  entering  by  the  Boebamp- 
tou  Qate,  crossing  Bichmond  Park  to 
the  Star  and  Garter  H.,  at  Kichmond 


Hill;  returning  ^S.  aide  of  the  Park 
and  over  Combe  Wood  either  to  Wim- 
bledon Stat.,  or  Combe  and  Maiden 
Stat. :  -whole  distance  about  12  m. 

'Winibome  (Dor^t.),  StaL.B. 
W.BIv.  The  Somerset*  Dorset  Ely. 
breuohes  olf  here  by  Dlaudford  to 
Temple  Combe  and  Glastonbury,- and 
joins  the  Great  Western  at  Highbridge. 
There  is  also  direct  communication 
with  Salisbury,  by  the  Salisbury  * 
Dorset  Rly. 

Jnna:  Crown;  King's  Head;  Bail- 
way  Hotel.  This  is  a  clean,  neat,  and 
pleasant  tewn,  standing  in  a  valley,  the 
Stoar  flowing  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
town,  and  the  Allen  or  Win  te  the  E., 
joining  the  Stenr  a  few  yards  above 
Canford  Bridge. 

The  JIfiRiter  is  a  cruciform  building, 
with  a  Trans.-Korm.  tower  and  a 
second  tower  of  Perp.  date  (141S)  at 
the  W.  end  of  the  nave. 

The  structure  is  one  of  great  singu- 
larity and  beauty,  and  will  repay  a 
lengthened  examination.  It  was  fonn- 
dea  as  a  nunnery  by  Cuthberga,  sieter 
of  King  Ina,  circ.  700.  Ethelredwas 
bmied  here  in  871. 

Canford  Manor,  the  seat  of  Sit  Ivor 
Bertie  Guest,  1  m.  S.  of  Wimbome 
Stat.,  approached  by  pleasant  green 
meadows  by  the  side  of  the  Stour,  is  an 
Elizabethan  man^on,  built  by  Blore 
(1826-1638),  and  in  part  reconstructed 
by  Sit  C.  Barry  for  Sir  John  Guest 
(1848). 

The  tower  entrance  is  remarkably 
striking,  and  the  hall,  with  a  timber 
roof,  is  lofty  and  well  proportioned. 
A  gallery,  connected  with  the  house 
by  a  coQservotarjr,  ia  devoted  to  a  series 
of  Assyrian  antiquities,  winged  lions 
and  bulls,  •bas-reliefs,  lets.,  sculptures 
brought  from  Nineveh,  and  presented  tu 
Sir  J.  Guest  by  Mr.  I^yard.  Near  the 
mansion  stands  the  ivy-mantled  CkvTBh, 
with  some  Norm,  features,  particularly 
the  tower. 

Merhj  House,  built  1752-60  in  the 
Vitruvian  style,  alanda  rt.  of  the  Poole 
road,  1  m.  from  Wimbome. 

Kiagslon  iMcy,  2  m.  N.W.  from 
Wimbome,  is  the  seat  of  the  Bankes 
family.  It  contains  a  small  collection 
of  very  choice  old  pictures.    In  the 


^70 


WI^~CS€O.VBE—  WTXCHELSEA. 


Paih  stands  an  Egyptian  ohelisk, 
ttensfeired  from  the  Island  of  Philie. 
IJ  m.  further  on  is  the  camp  of  £(i^ 
bary  Bingi,  an  eartliwork  formed  br 
3  coDcentric  rings  or  ramparla,  each 
nitli  its  exterior  ditch,  (he  outermost 
a  mile  in  oiicumference.  From  the 
top  there  is  an   cslensire  panoramio 


_  J  (Gloucest.)— 

7  m.  from  Cheltenham  Stat.,  G.  W. 
Klj.,  and  8  m.  from  Midi.  Kly.  Slat 
(Inn :  White  Hart)— iaasmall  town,  in 
chaimiDfT  scenery  amidst  the  Cotawold 
Hills,  and  once  celebrated  for  its  Hitred 
Ahbey,  fonnded  in  798  for  Benedictines. 
The  Ch,  ia  a  fine  cmoiform  Perp.  boild- 
ing  efected  by  Abbot  William  (temp. 
Henry  VI.),  The  roof  of  the  S.  porch 
is  beautifully  groiaed,  i  m.  out  of  the 
townisSwf[«k«  CiMMe(J,O.Dent,Esq.), 
built  by  Lord  oudeley  in  reign  of  Hen.  V. , 
and  coctajniag  a  valuable  collection  of 
16th  and  17th  cent,  curioaitiea,  includ- 
ing Holbein'8  eairinga  of  Hen,  VIII. ; 
some  autograph  verses  of  this  King ; 


restored  by  8coU.     Sea  the  canopii 
t^Hnb  in  white  maible  to  Q.  Satherine, 
by  Fkilip,  who  also  did  the  font  and 
reredoa  m  ahtbastec  and  inlaid  marble. 
The  Castle  is  not  open  b>  visitors. 

ExeuTiioae.—(ii) .  2  m.  N.E,  to 
Eaylee  Abbey,  founded  by  Bichard 
toother  of  Henry  III.,  in  1251,  The 
Tuina  consist  of  the  cloiater-arches, 
couientnat  bom,  and  offices. 

Didbrooke  Ch.,  1  m.  further  N.,  biis  a 
Perp.  window  supported  on  s  curious 
intersection  of  arches,  and  the  sar- 
oopbagns  in  which  the  Abb*  of  Hayles 
was  buried.  The  district  is  especially 
interesting  to  the  geologist. 

Stamnay,  1  m.  N.E.  of  Didbrooke 
(Earl  of  Wemyss),  is  a  Tudor  mansion, 
by  iStr  Paul  Traixy,  and  the  entrance 
gate  is  by  Inigo  /ones. 

The  pirdens  (temp,  ■Will.  III.)  are 
■worth  seeing,  and  there  is  ample  scope 
here  for  the  botanist  and  naturalist, 

'Wlncbelsefk  (Sussex),  Stat., 
S.E.  Ely.  1  m.  W.  of  flie  town.  Inn: 
'  'w  Inn.    This  ia  one  of  the  "  ancient 


towns"  associated  with  tho  Cinque 
Ports.  The  aits  of  Old  Winehelaea 
(now  auhmei^ed)  was  about  3  m.  S.E. 
of  the  new  town.  The  old  town  having 
been  destroyed  by  the  enctoachmenta 
of  the  sea,  a  new  town  was  founded  od 
higher  ground  by  Edw.  I,,  but  this  has 
snnk  to  the  dimensions  of  a  mere  vil- 
lage, from  whicti  tho  aea  baa  retreated. 

On  the  top  of  the  hill  ia  '•  Pipe-weli," 
or  "  the  Land  "  gate,  or  "  Ferry  "  gate.. 
A  short  distance  within  it  is  the  Toien- 
WeU,  nnder  a  handsome  Gothiccanopy; 
and  in  a  few  minutes  a  tnm  of  the  road 
brings  us  to  the  ivy-clad  tiagment  of  a 
CkuTch.  in  tho  centre  of  one  of  the 
squares. 

The  first  point  of  interest  is  the 
Chaivh  of  St.  Thomaf  (the  archbishop, 
and  not  theapostLe),  of  which  the  chan- 
cel with  its  side  aisles  onlv  remains. 
The  whole  ia  early  Dec.  (dro.  1800),  ood 
the  most  important  building  of  this 
period  In  Susses.  Thcleatogc  through^ 
ont  the  ch,  deaerrea  the  most  carefbl 
attention.  In  the  S.  aisle  are  the  2 
magnificent  tombs,  under  exquisitely 
curved  canopies,  of  the  old  Alatds. 
The  earliest  la  that  of  Giervaae  AlanJ, 
Adral.  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  1303,  The 
second  tomb  is  probably  thatof  grand- 
son of  above,  m  N,  aisle  are  3  monta., 
probably  members  of  Alard  &mily. 
In  one  pert  of  tlie  ch,-yard,  overhang- 
iog  the  nxA,  may  be  seen  Wesley's 
tree,  under  which  John  Wesley  weaohed 
Ilia  last  open-air  sermon.  The  old 
chapel  contains  the  original  pulpit 
used  by  Wesley. 

The  Fnan  (Major  R,  C,  Stileraan), 
not  far  S.E.  from  uie  ch.,  should  next: 
be  visited.  The  public  are  admitted 
only  on  Mimdayi.  The  ancient  house 
of  the  Fianciscans  here  waa  pulled 
down  about  1S19,  and  the  preseat 
building  erected ;  but  a  part  of  the 
ruined  chapel  of  the  Virgin  still  remains 
in.  the  grounds ;  W.  of  this  ia  a  Sue 
west  gable  end  of  a  li.  C.  Chapel, 
worth  notice  for  its  fine  proportions. 

side  the  Pipe-well  gate  already 
noticed,  the  Netc  Oate,  on  the  road  to 
Fett  and  Fairlighl;  and  the  Strand 
Oate  (also  call^  incorrectly.  Land 
Gate),  half-way  down  the  hill  looking 
towatd  Bye,  both  dating  &omtbenigD 


WI^^CUESTEI{. 


471 


of  Edw.  L,  also  ranain.  Few  remaina 
are  more  striking  thw  these  stately 
gates,  in  the  midst  of  lOugh  hines  and 
greeo  fields. 

JcftfetAnm  Ch.,  IJ  m.  W.  of  Wiachel- 
sea,  is  good  Norm.,  and  deeerres  a  visit. 
Beynnd  it,  on  White  Hart  Hill,  la  a 
striing  view  looking  over  Rye  toward 
Bomney. 

Rye  is  about  3  m.  from  Winchelsca, 
About  half-way  (but  lying  off  the  road 
seaward)  are  the  remains  of  Camber 
Cattle,  one  of  the  smaJl  fortresses  built 
by  Henry  VIIL  for  the  defence  of  the 

Winchester  (HanteX  Sfat 
L.  &  8.  W.  Rly.,  66i  m.  from  London, 
and  12^  m.  &om  Bonthampton.  Inni ; 
••George  H.,  High-street;  •BoyaJ, 
St.  PeteT-atteet  (quiet);  Black  Swauj 
White  Swan;  aigle.  near  the  station. 
This — one  of  the  ereat  historical  cities 
of  England,  calledbythe  Somans  Venta 
Bdyarum—eoveiR  the  side  of  a  chalk 
hill  rising  &om  the  valley  of  the  Itohen, 
the  favourite  £shine  ground  of  Izaak 
Walton.  It  was  made  an  episcopal  see, 
662,  bnt  of  the  first  cathedral  (built, 
and  rebuilt  A.ii.  169-980)  no  portion 
now  remains.  Tlie  present  cathedral 
(560  fL  long)  was  commenced  by  Bp. 
Walkelui  au79),  and  the  works  were 
continued  by  his  successuisWykeham, 
Beaufort,  and  Waynflote  (1367-1486). 
The  visilor  should  by  all  means  enter 
by  the  great  western  door,  the  extreme 
length  of  the  Nave  (265  H,),  eiceeding 
that  of  any  other  English  catliedral, 
being  in  the  highest  degree  grand  and 
inpressiTe.  The  arcliitecture  of  the 
nave  is  exceedingly  curious.  Thougli 
aperfectspedineaof  nth  and  loth  cent. 
work,  much  of  the  original  Norm. 
building  will  be  found  worked  into  the 
new  Perp,  The  structure  has  in  fact 
been  transformed  from  Norm,  to  Ferp. 
(lead  interesting  paper  by  lata  Prof. 
Willis,  published  in  volume  for  1845  of 
the  'Proceedings  of  the  Winchester 
Arcbnologicsl  Inst.').  The  W.  f>out, 
mslored  1860,  was  the  work  of  Bp. 
Edingdon  (1345^6).  The  principal 
objechi  of  interest  inside  are  Bp, 
Sdingdon'i  Clianlry,  on  S.  side  of 
nave  and  near  the  choir,  the  first  of  a 
very  fine  series  of  duintiy  chapels. 


meetly  erected  in  lifettme  of  their  foun- 
ders. It  is,  however,  of  inferior  design 
and  interest  to  that  of  Wm,  of  Wylce- 
ham  (1367-1*04),  which  occupies 
entire  space  between  2  columns  on 
same  side,  lower  down,  and  is  certainly 
one  of  tbe  best  specimens  remaining 
of  a  IJth  cent,  monumental  chapel. 
The  beautiful  altor-tombin  the  centreof 
it  deserves  the  most  careful  examina- 
tion. Near  it  are  the  mural  monn- 
meuta  of  Dean  Oheyney,  d.  1760 ;  and 
Bp.  Willis,  d.  1734.  Among  other 
monuments  in  8.  aisle,  commencing 
from  the  W.,  remark  those  of  wife  of 
Bp.  North,  by  Flazntan ;  of  Dr.  War- 
tan,  head-master  of  St.  Mary's  College, 
d.  1300;  Bp.  Tomline;  and,  near  the 
choir  door,  medallion  of  Bp.  Hoedly,  d. 
1761.  Opposite  the  Font  (Bp.Walke- 
lin'E  work)  in  N.  aisle,  the  puzzle  of 
antiquaries,  notice  monoment  of  Mrs. 
Montague,  foundress  of  the  Blue  Stock- 
ing Club,  d.  ISOO ;  and  tlie  memorial 
alub  of  Jane  Austen,  the  novelist. 
From  the  nave  pasa  into  the  CAoir, 
through  au  oak  screen  designed  by 
Scott,  and  erected  1S75,  as  a  memoriu 
of  Bp.  Wilberforce  and  Dean  Garnier. 
The  black  oak  SlalU  (early  Dec.i  are 
ejceodiugly  rich  and  beontifiil  in 
design.  The  Pulpit  on  N.  side  bears 
the  name  of  its  donor,  "Thos.  Silk- 
stede,  prior."  Over  tbe  stalls,  on  each 
side,  are  huge  columns  and  circular 
archee  raised  by  Walkelin  to  support 
the maaaive  Tower. (lata  Norm). orlgi- 
aally  a  lantern,  hut  ceiled  ia  reign  of 
Chajles  I.  On  the  ceiling  appear  me- 
dallions of  Charles  I.  and  Henrietta 
Maria,  red  letters  forming  date  1634, 
and  an  emblem  of  theTrinity.    Above 


back  of  it  tbe  magnificent  reredos 
(late  15th  cent.).  Itemark  on  doors 
opening  to  space  (the  Feretory)  behind 
tbereredos.  carvings  of  the  Annimcia- 
tion  and  Vidtatlon  ofElizabeth.  The 
E.  aindiyiB  is  filled  with  Ferp.  glass  a 
little  earlier  than  1525,  and  is  the 
work  of  Bp.  Fox.  "  In  point  of  exe- 
cution it  is  aa  nearly  perfect  as  painted 
glass  can  be."  The  presbytery  is  closed 
at  tbe  aides  by  atcne  screens,  mostly 
erected  by  Bp.  Fox  (1525),  on  whid 


472 


WI.SCHE8TEB. 


are  placed  six  Morlnary  clieeU 
toining  the  bones  of  Weat  Saxon  kings 
and  biahopa,  wliose  names  ore  iDsctibed 
on  the  chests.  The  earrings  on  the 
timber  vaulting  of  the  presbytery  are 
very  curious,  and  arc  best  seen  from 
the  triforium.  Oc  the  platform  in  the 
Feretory  (ixipra)  was  no  doubt  tho 
shiine  of  St  Switkan,  bishop  from  852- 
62,  and  the  especial  patron  of  the  city 
Bind  cathedral.  His  remains  were  ori- 
ginally interred  in  Uie  ohnrchyard,  and 
ue  tradition  tliat  their  removal  t«  their 
golden  shiiue,  the  gift  of  King  Edgar, 
WM  prevented  by  40  days'  tain,  gave 
rise  to  the  popular  belief  attached  to 
hJB  day,  15th  July.  From  the  N.  door 
of  the  presbytery,  the  visitor  enters  the 
N.  Trantepl.  where  he  at  once  Sade 
himself  carried  back  to  the  days  of  Bp. 
Walkeliu,  nearly  all  here  being  plain 
and  rude  Norm.  Under  the  organ-loft, 
fronting  the  transept,  is  tho  Chapel  of 
fAe  Holy  Sepulchre,  the  walls  of  wbit^ 
are  covered  with  onhous  and  rude  wall- 
paintings  (13th  cent.),  illustrative  of 
the  Paasion.  The  view  from  tlie  N. 
aisle  of  the  preabytery,  on  ectering  the 
cxti«me  eastern  portion  of  tho  Church 
(which  is  here  formed  by  3  chapels),  is 
very  striking.  Seven  chantries  and 
chapels  are  visible  at  once.  The 
architecture  of  this  portion  (excepting 
the  extreme  E.  end  of  the  central  or 
Lady  Chapel)  is  a  very  early  example 
of  E.  E.,  the  work  of  Bp.  Godfrey  de 
Lucy  (11S9-1201).  The  deidgn  and 
details  are  of  great  beauty,  and  deserve 
most  careful  notice. 

The  3  aisles  were  formed  for  "pro- 
cession paths."  In  the  N.  aisle  the 
Chapel  is  called  that  of  the  Ouardian 
Angels,  from  the  figures  of  angels 
still  remaining  on  the  vanlting.  Ob- 
serve fine  tomb  of  Earl  of  Portland, 
Obas.  I.'s  Lord  High  Treasurer,  d. 
1634,  the  bronze  recnnibent  figure 
by  Le  SisuT.  On  N.B.  wall  of  aisle, 
without  the  chapel,  is  monumeat  for  the 
heart  of  Bp.  Ethelmar.  The  Central 
orLady  Chapel  is  specially  interesting. 
The  nails  are  covered  with  remains  of 
some  very  ciirioDS  paintings,  illus- 
trating the  legendary  history  of  the 
Virgin.  The  vaolt  is  a  complex  and 
beeutifnl   speolmen    of   Heme   work. 


Obeerve  on  it,  round  the  2  central 
keys,  the  rebuses  of  Priors  Bnntou 
and  Silkstede.  Against  the  £.  wall 
is  a  fine  statue  (careltilty  observe  mar- 
vellous execution  of  the  face)  of  Bp. 
North,  by  Chantrey.  In  this  chapel 
Qneen  Mary  was  married  tn  Philip  of 
Spain  (2atb  July,  1554),  and  the  choir 
upon  which  she  eat  oi  " 
still  t 


is  very  rich  and  beautiful.  In  front 
of  the  Lady  Chapel  is  a  plain  slab  ol 
grey  marble,  marking  the  tomb  of  Bp. 
de  Locy,  the  builder  of  this  part  of  the 
cothedral.  Hither  also  was  removed, 
in  Sept.  ISeS,  when  the  remains  were 
carefully  eiamined,  the  plain  tomb  of 
William  Bvfiu,  whose  remains,  it  is 
confidently  agreed,  are  not  deposited 
in  the  mortuary  dieit  inscribed  will) 
his  name.  Between  the  pillars  are  the 
beautiful  chantries  of  Cardinal  Bean- 
fort  (1405-47),  end  Bp,  Waynflete 
(1447-86).  These  deserve  most  care- 
ful inspection.  The  wall  between  the 
chantries  of  Bps.  Fox  and  Gardiner, 
at  back  of  the  feretory,  is  decorated 
with  a  series  of  9  tabernacles,  "  beaa- 
tiM  apecimena  of  Edwardian  work, 
and  well  deserve  study."  A  low  arch 
□nder  these  opens  to  tho  vault  called 
"the  Holy  Hole,"  The  chantry  of 
Bp.  Fox  (1500-28),  the  meet  elaburste 
in  the  cathedral,  is  on  opposite  side  of 
the  presbytery,  and  paralle!  with  that 
of  Bp.  Gardiner.  On  N.  wall  of  8. 
aisle  is  an  inscription  to  Btchard,  2iid 
son  of  William  the  Conqueror.  Inihe 
S.  Traii»^t  ate  2  chapels,  the  S.  called 
Sil!uil^!de%  in  which  is  tomb  of  Itaak 
Walton.  Semark  the  beautiful  iron- 
work of  the  N.  djapel.  The  arohmo- 
logist  should  inspect  the  original  Norm, 
work  on  the  Roof.  The  Crypt  (rude 
Norm.)  is  entered  from  the  N.  transept. 
Outside  the  cathedral,  notice  the 
entrance  to  the  Deanery  (temp.  Hen. 
III.)  and  niches  above.  Tbe  Dean't 
iSfoUe,  S.,  isa  curious  wooden  structure, 
ongLnally  the  Hospice  or  "  Straitgen^ 
mSI"  The  paaaage  between  the  B. 
transept  and  the  garden  of  tbe  Deanerr, 
the  site  of  the  old  Chapter-Uorae,  leads 


473 


After  the  oathedral  the  pettt  poiat 
of  inlereBt  is  St.  Mary'e  College,  foun- 
ded by  Wm,  of  Wykeham,  1387-93. 
In  llie  entrance  gateway,  it.,  is  the 
lodge  of  the  porter,  who  will  Bupply  a 
eonduotor.  Bemaik,  in  niobesof  lower 
above  this  gate,  beauty  of  tbe  gtatues 
— of  the  Vii^ia,  the  angel  Gabriel,  the 
founder,  &o.  The  Inner  Quadrangle 
oontaiua  tbe  most  importimt  buildiuge. 
The  Ckafiel  at  S.E.  comer  (atrangers 
may  attend  the  eerrico)  will  repay 
carnal  attention.  Observe  nspecially 
the  beautiful  ceiling,  curiona  fan- 
tracery  in  wood,  and  painted  VindowR. 
The  atrsngor  should  also  inspect  tbe 
Hall ;  the  Audit-room,  hung  with  Arraa 
tapeatry  (temp. Henry VI.);  Kitchen; 
and  S.  of  tbe  chapel,  tlie  CloUiert. 
A  passage  between  Uie  hall  stairs  and 
tbe  chapel  leads  to  tbe  SehoolToom  and 
playgroand.  Remark  on  wall  of  former 
the  "  Tabula  legum,"  and  Bentenoe 
with  devices  on  opposite  side  of  the 
room.  From  the  Collie  the  tourist 
should  visit  at  B.  end  of  tbe  street 
(Coll^-street)  the  picturesque  ruins 
of  WMve^  UuEEe,  the  old  palace  of 
the  bishops,  built  by  Henry  de  Blois, 
1138  (get  at  Tanner's,  bookseller, 
109  High-street,  'Tbe  History  of 
Wolvesey,'  by  Rev.  C.  Collier,  price 
3d.);  and  retracing  his  steps  towards  the 
close,  remark  KtiMag((t«(13tb  cent)  iritb 
UttUSl.  Switkait'i  CAurefttrobuilt  16th 
cent.)  above  it.  Beyond  Soke  Bridge. 
which  crosses  tbe  Itchen,  is  St.  John 
the  Saptiit'e  Church.  Observe  here 
E.-E.roofiwrbflH,  wooden  screen8(14th 
cent),  and  bagioscopes  in  chancel ;  and 
painted  gloss.  The  tower  (Perp.)  pro- 
jeota  at  end  of  S.  aisle,  giving  tbe 
W.  front  a  remarkably  picturesque  ap- 
pearance. In  opposite  street  ia  St. 
Peter' »  Chnrck,  Cheeihill,  Remark 
cnrious  E.-E.  window  in  the  ringing 
loft;  the  Dec  niches  at  end  of  aisle; 
and  roof  oorbela. 

Returning  to  Kigh-ttreet,  vj*it  the 
Jtfuaeuin,  part  of  the  Nevi  Guitdladt; 
open  Mond.,  Wed.,  Sat,  10  to  ;^. 

Fnrthei  np  the  street  ia  the  very 
beantifid  Cilv  Crou,  IStb  cent.,  restored 
inUeShf&tQ.G.Sa^U.    The  iignre 


in  tbe  niche  on  B.  side  is  pndubly 
that  of  St.  Lawrence.  Tbe  other 
%ares,  put  in  when  the  cross  was 
restored,  represent  King  Alfred  the 
Great:  Florence de  Lunn,  Istm^or  of 
tbecity;  andWm.of  Wykeham.  Jewry- 
street,  rt,  above  tbe  cross,  leads  to 
Hyde,  tbe  site  of  the  AHiey  founded  by 
King  Alfred.  Of  the  scanty  remains, 
some  small  15th  cent,  doorways,  and  a 
curious  piece  of  diaper-work  built  into 
one  of  tlie  walls,  will  be  noticed. 
Still  ascending  the  High-street,  is 
reached  Wett  Gate,  "  a  valuable  speci- 
men of  military  architecture,  temp. 
Hen.  HI."  Tbe  chamber  above  it  was 
formerly  the  city  muniment  room,  imd 
bere  were  preserved  a  series  of  stan- 
dard measures,  now  removed  to  the 
JSateum. 


of  the  habitual  residences 
of  the  Kings  of  England  till  end  of 
reign  of  Heo.  III.,  tbe  Hall  (ISth  cent.) 
and  fragments  of  a  snbtermnean  pas- 
sage alone  remain. 

On  the  wall  at  E.  end  of  the  Hall 
bangs  the  tamous  Round  Table  of  King 
Arthur  and  his  2i  knights.  The 
present  painting  on  it  was  probably 
done  in  1522,  when  Cbas.  V.  and  Hon. 
VIII.  passed  through  the  city.  The 
open  space  in  fiont  of  the  castle  w  ~ 


'  Kent,  brother  of 


Edmund,  1 
Edw.  II. 

On  3.  side  of  the  castle  are  the 
BarrmAi.  Crossing  the  railway  at  the 
)>ack,  beautiful  views  may  be  obtained 
from  the  grounds  of  me  Ceiaetery. 
The  large  buildings  close  by  ate  the 
Dioeeian  Training  College,  and,  above 
it,  the  Caanty  Oool. 

ExcunioTtt. — A  visitto  the  city  would 
be  amply  repaid  if  it  were  only  for  the 
purpose  of  inspecting  the  Hmpilal  of 
St.  Croii,l  m.  3.,  in  tbe  hamlet  of  Spark- 
ford,  founded  1136  by  Hen.  de  Blois, 
Bp.  of  Winchester.  It  now  supports 
13  brethren,  who  wear  a  long  olack 
gown  with  a  silver  cross  on  left  breast. 
The  "  Way&rer'a  Dole  "  consists  of  a 
hom  of  beer  and  a  piece  of  bread,  and 
is  given  to  all  who  demand  it  at  tbe 
portei's  lodge,  which  it  in  the  gateway. 


471 


WIXCHESTEH—  WINDERMERE. 


the  work  of  Cardinal  Beaufoit.  Re- 
mark the  arch  of  the  gateway,  with  ila 
rich  gpandrela.  The  charge  for  ad 
mission  ia  6d.  for  one ;  Is.  for  three ; 
and  1«.  6d.  for  a  party. 

The  bnildinga  occnpy  3  Bides  of  a 
gqunre;  the  4tb,  the  side  opposite  the 
gatehouse,  being  partly  cloeed  by  the 
Chanh.  A  low  cloister  of  IGth  ceoL 
connects  the  porter's  lodge  with  the 
ch.  This  is  one  of  the  beet  examples 
of  the  TraQs.-Notm.  period  remaining 
in  this  country.  The  ch.  la  of  extreme 
interest,  and  deserves  the  most  careful 
examination,  iueide  and  ontside.  It 
has  been  well  restored  by  Butterfield. 
The  mass  of  it  is  Trans. -Norm.,  some 
B.  E.  in  the  nave,  whiob  becomes  Dec. 
in  the  dereetory  and  in  the  splendid 
window  of  W.  &oot.  The  details  and 
chief  points  of  interest  are  well  ex- 
plained by  the  "  brother  "  who  condocts 
the  visitor,  but  the  points  to  be  es- 
pecially noticed  are  a  very  remarkable 
"  triple  arch,"  at  the  angle  of  the 
ohoir  aisle  and  S.  transept,  probably 
a  doorway  formerly  into  the  cloister; 
the  original  olt^-slab  of  Purbeck 
marble  with  its  &  consecration  crosses ; 
the  Choir  with  semiciniutar  inter- 
lacing arches,  rich  "Corinthianising  " 
capitals,  and  exqniaitely  carvod  window 
mouldings ;  here  also  is  the  very  fine 
brass  of  John  do  Campdeu,  warden 
1382 ;  the  beautifully  carved  pen- 
dants of  stalls  removed  to  chapel  at 
E.  end  of  6.  aisle;  some  interesting 
remnants  of  wall-painting  (l^e  choir 
and  lantern  have  been  well  coloured 
under  Mi.  Bntterfield'B  direotioa) ; 
some  curious  brackets  in  S,  transept, 
Enpporting  the  clustered  vaulting 
shafts ;  pavement  of  encaustic  tiles, 
Ac.  From  the  ch.  the  viutor  will 
inspect  the  Hall  on  N.  side  of  the 
QiMdrangle,  pait  of  0«jd.  Baanfort's 
wotk.  Here  the  chief  objects  of  in- 
terest are  the  minstrels'  gallery ; 
timber-roof;  open  hearth  in  centre  of 
room ;  window  of  2  lights  with  the 
oardiual's  arms  in  stained  glass;  old 
black  leathern  jai^s,  Ac ;  and  a 
curiousearly Oermantriptych.  Lastly, 
inspect  the  £tfcAen. 

Adjoining  the  hall  is  the  master's 
— '-> d  W,  of  this  the  residences 


of  the  brethren.  From  the  Hospital 
grounds  a  delightfiil  walk  may  be 
taken  by  the  river  to  Twy/ord,  2  m,, 
the  "Queen  of  Hampshire  villagea," 
or  the  visitor  should  climb  to  the  top 
of  St.  Catherine'^  HiU,  where  are 
traces  of  an  ancient  camp.  An  in- 
teresting walk  of  10  m.  may  be  taken 
through  Twyford  to  Oifj^sbury  and 
Marwell,  returning  by  Cbtnpton  (in- 
teresting Nonn.  Ckamh).  Another 
(the  round  will  be  about  14  m.)  to 
Eariley  (the  Church  rebnUt  in  1848 
by  the  late  vicar,  J.  Keble,  ont  of  the 
profits  of  the  'Christian  Year')  and 
Ampjieid,  returning  by  the  Gh.  at 
OtterbotirM.  Bichard  Cromwell,  bod 
of  the  PretectoT,  resided  at  Hutslej 
Park  (Rt.  Hon.  Sir  W.  Heathoote,  Bt-X 
and  was  buried  in  Hursley  Chnreh. 
Among  other  monuments  in  this  oh. 
is  one  for  widow  of  Stemhold,  d.  1553. 
who,  with  Hopkins,  prepared  the  "old 
version  "  of  the  Psalms.  The  popnlM 
authoress,  Miss  Yenge,  resides  at 
Otterbourae.  Abont  8  m.  by  mil  aitd 
same  distance  by  road,  the  latter  a 
vary  pleasant  iralk  along  the  valley 
of  the  Itchen,  is  AlTeaford  (SoUU: 
Swan ;  Horse  and  Gniom).  The  wialk 
will  include  site  of  Hyde  Abbey  (anU), 
Churches  at  Headbovrae  Worthy, 
Martyr's  or  EarFs  Worthy,  andEatlai, 
al!  worth  visiting.  2  m.  B.  of  Alree- 
tord  is  TieW)ornePark(of  "aaimant" 
notoriety),  and  1|  m.  further  S.  tbe 
once  fine  E.-E.  Church  of  Cherifm. 
A  short  distance  W.  of  Alresford  are 
the  interesting  Norm.  Churches  of 
Bighton  and  Biehop'i  Suttoa. 

WlDdermere  (Weatmorlud.). 
Stat.,  L.  &  N.W.  Bly.  Bruich  line  from 
Oxenholmo  June,  f  hr.  ride  &(Hn  Win- 
dermere. The  station  and  vilhtge  are 
distant  1)  m.  by  road  from  Boumett, 
which  is  situated  on  the  margin  of 
Windermere  Lake.  Bubsfs  meet  every 
train.    A  conveyance  from  Low  Wood 


the  station;  Queen's;  Eller^.  A  tew 
yards  to  tbe  rt.  of  Bigg's  Hotel,  the 
tourist  should  walk  up  a  lane  and 
climb  (which  he  can  do  in  10  or  15 
mins.)  Orreit  Head.  The  view  of  the 
Lake,  which  is  aeen  from  end  to  end,  is 


WINDEBUdESE— WINDSOR. 


magnificent.  Soanea  is  afaTooritere- 
sottofLaketonriBts.  Itini:  **01dBng- 
laod  Hotel,  its  groniidB  extending  to 
the  shore  of  the  Lake ;  Rojal;  Crovn; 
all  vary  good.  The  Ch.  haa  a  fine 
Btaiued-glasB  window,  brought  from 
Furaess  Abbe;.  The  daily  ezciirsionB 
during  the  months  of  Jane,  Jnly, 
August,  and  Septemhei,  are  numerous. 
Coaches  leave  for  Ambletide — 8  times 
daily  during  the  season  (3  times  a  day 
during  the  »est  of  the  year)— situated 
1  m.  from  the  head  of  Windennere 
Lake,  and  at  the  foot  of  Wansfell 
Pike ;  6  times  daily  for  Gratmere  ;  and 
4  times  a  day  for  Keiwieli.  A  coach 
also  leaves  every  morning  (except  Sun- 
days) for  PatUrdale  (Ullswater  Lake), 
by  the  vale  of  Trontbeck  and  Kiik- 
Itone  Pass;  and  A«m  Cloudsdale's 
Grown  Hotel  for  Conieton,  via  the 
Fer^,  Esthwaite  Water,  and  Hawks- 
bead.  Steamers  also  ply  eeveral  times 
a  day  up  and  down  the  Lake,  which 
is  10}  m.  long,  and  1  m.  broad  in 
ilB  nideet  part,  Btertmg  from  X«ke- 
Hide  Station — Hot«l  and  Befreshwent 
room — (Menby  Bridge)  at  its  S. 
estremily,  and  taraing  succeasively 
Gnmmers  How,  directly  opposite  the 
station;  Blona  Hall,  rt.  (Hev.  T. 
Steniforth),  where  Scott,  Wordsworth, 
Southey,  Canning,  and  ''Christopher 
North,"  met  togtther;  Bowness,  rt. ; 
Belle  Isle,  opposito ;  Calgeith  Hall, 
rt. ;  LowwooQ  Hotel  (pier),  and, 
a  few  yards  above  it.  Dove's  Neat,  m 
dde  of  Wansfell;  and  Watfirhead,  the 
landing-place  for  Ambleside.  The 
finest  views  are  all  at  the  head  of 
tba  Lake,  looking  up  to  the  Langdale 
Pikes,  so,  if  possible,  the  tourist  should 
come  up  from  Newby  Bridge,  or  Bow- 
ness. Quitting  BownesB,  he  is  recom- 
mended to  make  his  way  to  Ambhtide 
by  road,  S  m.  from  Windermeie  Bta- 
tJoD.  The  fcenery  for  the  whoie  dis- 
tance is  eminently  beautiful.  Passing 
nader  Elleray  on  the  rt  (where 
"  C3iristopher  North  "  lived — a  modem 
residence  has  been  erected  on  the  site 
of  the  old  one),  and  by  the  woods  of 
Ca^arth  on  the  1.,  Trouibeck  Bridge 
is  soon  reached.  Thence  to  Lowwood 
Hotel  (excellent)  it  is  2  m.  Here  the 
tipper  reach  of  the  Lake  is  seen,  with 


Ooniston  Old  Man,  Idngdale  Pikes, 
and  Bowfell  in  the  bac^ronad.  2  nt. 
further  on  is  Atabkeide. 

TTIndgor  (Berks.),  Btate.  G. 
W.  (21  m.  from  London)  and  S.W. 
(25}  m.)  Elys.  (22  m,  by  road);  the 
G.  W.  Btat.  is  in  Geo^e-street, 
near  Castle  Hill ;  the  S.  W.  is 
ijtchet-road.  Almoat  contignous 
:t,  &ci&g  Tbamee^treet,  is  an 
approach  to  the  Ca«tle,  called  the 
Hundred   Stops,  by  which  access  i» 

Sained  to  the  Lower  Ward.  JntM: 
WhtteHart; *Uaatle.  Thetown stands 
on  the  rt.  bank  of  the  Thames,  o[^>osite 
Eton,  and  has  for  ages  been  hmous 
not  only  fat  ita  flue  situation,  but  for 
its  castle  having  been,  at  least  from 
the  early  part  of  tbe  12th  cent.,  a 
customary  residence  of  the  sovereign. 
It  is  connected  with  Eton  and  Datohet 
by  handsome  iron  bridges,  and  ia  placed 
mainly  to  the  8.  and  W,  of  the  Castle, 
the  monnd  of  which  occupies  the  E, 
side  of  the  High-street, 

The  Town  Bail,  buUt  by  Sir  0. 
Wren,  has  on  the  exterior  statues  of 
Queen  Anne  and  Prince  George  of 
Denmark,  and  in  the  hall  portraits  of 
sovereigns  and  others.  The  Barmd^t 
arc  near  tbo  Great  Park.  The  parish 
C7i«rcA  (St.  John  the  Baptist),  erected 
1S22,  is  large  and  comniodiona;  Ootbio 
(Perp.)  of  the  time.  The  interior 
was  remodelled  in  1S69.  Hol^  Triniiy 
district  ch.,  Clarence-crescent,  is  a  ueat 
Gothic  building,  .ill  Sainti,  Francis- 
road,  is  on  early  Dec,  building  of  brick 
and  stone.  The  Boman  CJatboUc  Ch.  in 
the  Alma-road  is  a  good  transition  E.-E. 
building.  There  are  &ee  and  industrial 
schools,  end  a  small  Theatre, 

The  Slate  Aparlmenlg  o/  the  Cattle 
are  open  gratuitoiuly  to  the  pubftc, 
during  the  ahienee  of  the  Court,  on 
Mondays,  Tat$dayi,  Thuridayg,  and 
Fridays,  beticeen  II  and  ifrora  April 
1  to  Oct.  31 ;  and  hetaeeit  11  and  3 
from  Nov.  1  to  March  31.  Tieket* 
may  be  obtained  at  the  Lord  Cham- 
berlain's  Office,  near  the  Winchester 
Tower,  at  the  head  o/  fAe  Lower  Ward 
of  the  CaitU,  or  of  Mr.  W.  F.  TayJor, 
13,  High-eireet,  available  _f or  the  day  of 
ieiue  only.  In  London  from  MeMri. 
Colna^hi,    14,   PaU-maU   Eait;    Mr. 


476  wm 

MUtiieU,  93.  Old  Bond-tlreet ;  and 
Mam.  Grave*.  foII-nKiII ;  thete  itand 
goad  for  aiMek, 

The  Queen')  Private  Aparlmatl*  can 
only  be  eeen  in  the  abtenee  of  tie  Coart, 
by  a  tpeeial  order /rom  the  Lord  Cham' 
beriain.  The  Bayal  Sloblei  and  Riding- 
Sehool  ntay  be  leeu  belveea  1  and  3  by 
an  order  from  the  Clerk  o/  the  Slablet. 
The  Boand  Totoer  ie  open  on  fie  lame 
dayt  at  the  Gmtle,  and  neede  no  tidiet 
of  admiieion,  liut  a  guide  U  required. 

81.  George'i  Chapel  ii  open  free  every 
meek  day  from  12  to  i  (entrance  by  S. 
door);  the  (entice  begins  ai  lOJ  a.u. 
anil  4}  P.M.  On  Swulay)  the  numting 
terviee  begint  at  11  a.u. 

The  NorOi  Terraee  ii  open  all  day 
iOBo,  and  ihould  be  vitiUdfbr  the  lal^ 
of  lit  grfendid  prospect.  The  <nrcuU 
of  the  three  terraces,  tchich  gives  a  viea 
of  the  beautiful  sunk  gariun,  in  front 
of  &e  Private  Apartmmls,  can  be  made 
only  on  Saturday*  and  Bandays,  in  the 
abtemx  of  the  Coart. 

The  Caitle  occupies  a,  eomraandinB 
and  isolated  emmence,  and  is,  oo  all 
sidsB,  a  most  picturesque  object;  but 
the  beet  views  nie  those  tiom  the  B.  W. 
Bly.  near  Datcliet;  from  tlie  curve  of 
the  G.  W.  RI7.  before  leacbing  the 
station;  and  from  the  hill  at  the  end 
of  the  Long  Avenue.  Tlie  original 
Norm,  castle  waa  built  by  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  -waa  added  to  hj  Hen. 
I.  From  his  reign  tbe  castle  bos  been 
the  frequent  jresiaance  of  the  sovereign ; 
and  many  great  councils  of  the  realm 
have  been  beld  within  its  falls. 
Eeniyl.  married  here  in  1122  hisSnd 
nUi)  Adeliza.  John  frequently  reeided 
here,  and  hence  bis  grant  of  Magna 
Cbarta  at  Kunnimede. .  Here  luuny 
children  were  bom  to  the  roynl  Henrja 
and  Edwards,  the  greatest  of  wham, 
ftftarwarda  Edward  III.,  henco  derived 
his  appellation  of  "Edward  of 
Windsor.  In  this  caetle  lie  founded 
the  Order  of  tbe  Garter  in  1349,  with 
the  motto  "  Hon!  soil  qui  mal  y 
pense."  Edward  the  Black  Prince 
married  the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent  in  the 
Castle  Chapel. 

Tbe  Castle  was  mnch  altered  and 
modernised  bj  Gieorge  IV.  under  Wvatt, 
who  was  knighted  and  changed  his 


name  to  Wyattvflle.  It  ia  at  its  W. 
extremity  only  that  t)m  castle  of  the 
13th  cent,  has  in  any  degree  main- 
tained its  ongioal  aspect  tn  the  present 
day.  The  N.W.  tower  (Clewei-  Tower) 
lias  been  need  as  a  belfrv  and  clock- 
house,  proliably  from  tbe  time  of 
Edward  III.  The  whole  is  coDstructed 
of  chalk,  &ced  and  arched  with  free- 
stone, and  ia  an  interesting  and  perfect 
specimen  of  tbe  period. 

Tlie  Castle  consists  of  2  great 
divisiona,  the  Lower  and  the  Upper 
Ward,  separated  by  the  Round  Tower 
or  keep.  Proceeding  up  Castle  Hill, 
the  iron  gutes  at  the  top  form  the 
Qtieen'i  Eidranee,  leading  to  tbe  George 
IV.  Gateway,  which  fronts  the  Long 
Walk.  Tlie  Publie  Entrance  ia  by  an 
archway  called,  from  its  builder,  Hemy 
VIU.'8  Gateway,  flanked  by  two  oc- 
tagonal towers,  and  approached  by  a 
bridge.  It  leads  into  the  Lower  Ward, 
where,  on  the  rt..  ia  the  long  low  Une 
of  houses  appropriated  to  the  MUitaty 
Knights,  with  the  tower  of  theirgovenicf 
(Garter  Hall)  in  the  centre,  beyond 
which  is  Henry  Ill.'s  Tower,  covered 
with  ivy;  oppowte  to  it  is  the  Win- 
chester Tower,  so  otlled  from  Its 
builder,  William  of  Wykebam,  Bishop 
of  Winchester.  On  the  1.  ia  the  Salis- 
bury Tower,  for  tlie  knights  ou  the 
later  foundation;  the  Garter  Tower; 
and  the  gateway  leading  to  the  Horse- 
shoe Cloiater.  and  the  bouses  of  the 
minor  cnnons  and  lay  clerks  of  the 
chapel,  beyond  wliiob  is  the  ancient 

Opposite  the  gateway  is  St.  George'i 
Chapel,  one  of  the  finest  exiatmg 
examples  of  Perp.  The  building  is 
232  ft  long  by  6ti  d.  broad;  transept 
104  ft.  The  nave  is  of  7  bays,  tbe 
choir  of  6  with  an  E.  ambulatory  and 
N.  and  S.  aislea;  the  gi^at  W.  window 
occupies  the  entire  end  of  tbe  nace 
above  the  door,  and  is  probably  the 
fineat  of  its  kind  in  Europe.  The 
cenotaph  in  memory  of  tbe  Princess 
Charlotte,  tbe  monument  to  the  late 
King  of  the  Belgians,  and  the  Glon- 
cest^  Memorial,  should  be  specially 
noticed.  The  following  kings  of  Eng- 
land are  inlerred  in  the  chapel  :- 
Edward  IV.,  Heniy  VI.,  F 


Chiirlna  I^  George  111.,  George  IV., 
and  Wiliium  IV.  There  are  a  clmpela 
tlma  nrraoged:— S.-W.,  Liwly  Cbapel, 
or  Beaufort  Chapel ;  N.-W.,  Urswiek 
Gliai>el ;  N.,  Eut^ud  Cbapel ;  also  " 
Hastings  Chantry;  8.-E.,  Lincoln 
Chapel;  S.,  King's  (or  Aldworth) 
Chapel ;  Bray  Chapel ;  and  the  Oxen- 
bridge  ChantiT. 

The  man  of  the  existing  chapel  waa 
built  in  the  reign  of  Edwiud  IV.,  the 
atonci  toof  of  me  nave,  which  n 
wood  before,  brang  added  by  Henry 
Til.,  and  that  of  the  choir  by  Heniy 
VUI.  Id  the  interior  no  poriio"  ■" 
left  nnomamenled.  The  usnal 
trance  ia  by  the  8,  porch. 

Beneath  the  modem  organ  sc.. 
the  visitor  eotera  the  Clioir,  where  the 
richness  of  the  architecture  and  splen- 
dour of  the  dark  cerred  oak  is  increased 
by  the  effect  of  the  swords,  helmets, 
banners,  and  mantles  of  the  Knights  of 
the  Gtarter,  enapended  over  the  stalls. 
Here  the  inatallation  ceremonies  of 
the  Order  have  been  performed  ever 
since  their  flrat  celebration  on  St. 
Oeoi^'s  Day,  1319. 

In  making  the  circuit  of  the  chapels, 
the  flrat  in  the  N.  aisle  is  the  Bva^lnd 
Chapel,  with  a  fine  altar-tomb  fo 
George  Mannere  (d,  1513).  anoest 
the  Rutland  family,  and  his  wife  Anne 
(d.  1528),  nieoo  of  Edward  IV. ;  rt  ia 
the  Haetingt  GharUry,  built  bjr  his 
widow  to  contain  the  tomb  of  William 
Lord  Hastings,  the  chemherlain  of 
Edward  IV.,  beheaded  by  Kiohard  III. 

At  the  E.  end  of  the  N.  aisle  is  the 
entmnce    to    the    Chapter-honte, 
which    the   sword  of   Edw.    III. 


Opposite  the  E.  end  of  the  choir  ia 
the  entrance  to  the  Soyal  Tojobhouee, 
recently  known  as  the  WoUey  Chapel, 
but  now  called  the  Albert  Memorial 
Chapel,  built  by  Hen.  VII.  It  has 
beea  completely  restored  as  a  memorial 
chapel  to  the  Prince  Consort,  under 
the  direction  of  Sir  G.  G,  Scott,  Baron 
Triqueti  having  charge  of  the  decora- 
tions, and  is  probably  the  moat  nunp- 
tnons  work  of  the  kind  in  England,  if 
not  in  Enrope.  Vtaitort  are  allowed 
to  lee  Ike  chapel  on  Wedmtdayt, 
Thartdayi.andl'ridaiii.fromliHUS, 


by  tickett  only,  wliiei  can  lie  Mained 
nl  Uie  nffico  of  the  Clerk  of  tlie  Workt  in 
Castle  Yard. 

Turning  iuto  the  S.  aisle  from  B.  to 
W.,  the  first  chapel  on  the  L  is  the 
Lincoln  Chapel,  with  a  magnificent 
altar-tomb  t«  the  Earl  of  linooln  (d. 
158-t).  Further  W.  is  the  Oxenbridge 
Chapel,  founded  (1522)  by  a  canon  of 
that  name.  Opposite  is  the  beantifal 
little  King'e,  or  Aldaiorih  Chapd,  so 
called  irom  the  monuments  of  that 
family  which  it  contains. 

1.  near  the  S.  door  is  the  Bray 
Chapel,  founded  (temp.  Hen,  VII.)  by 
Sir  Reginald  Bray  (d.  1502),   who  is 

Behind  the  Tomb-house  are  the 
beautiful  Dean'*  Cloida-i,  built  by 
Edw.  III.,  of  which  the  S.wall  i; 


details  of  tl 


a  the  ancient 


carving  o 
camtals  are  very  carious. 

Behind  the  Dean's,  we  come  to  the 
Canoiti'  Cloitier,  Here  is  the  entrance 
to  the  ffundred  Step* ;  whence  a  flight 
of  122  steps,  issuing  ftom  an  ancient 
sallyport,  open  from  sunrise  to  sunset, 
communicates  with  the  lower  part  of 


.  behind  the  Deanery  is  the  Fiin- 
cheater  Tower,  once  the  lesidence  of 
the  great  prelate  and  architect,  William 
of  Wykeham. 

Jnst  beyond  the  Deanery,  on  the 
1.,  is  the  Lord  Ohamberiain'a  Office, 
where  ticbeta  to  view  the  State  Apert- 
menls  can  be  obtained. 

Between  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Wards  stands  the  Bound  Tower,  or 
keep  of  the  Caatle,  on  the  summit  of  a 
lof^  artificial  mound.  Here  many 
state  prisoners  have  been  confined.  A 
flight  of  150  stone  steps  leads  into  the 

arior.    It  ia  worth  ascending  them 

clear  weather,  to  enjoy  tie  view, 

wliich  is  said  to  extend  over  12  conn- 


Bound  Tower,  under  the  second  gate- 


way,  called  tLe  Norman   6aU,  after  I  mtb  a  very  iateceBting  collection  of 
paesmg  which  they  enter  the  Upper  |  armour. 
Ward.    On  their  rt i      -^    mi 


the  Bound  Tower ;  on  their  1.  a  flight 
of  Btepa  leads  through  the  wing  of  Ihc 
Castle  bnilt  bj  Elizabeth  dovm  to  tho 
magniflcent  North  Terrace, 

The  Upper  Ward  occupies  the  aito 
of  the  Castle  added  bj  Edw.  HI.  At 
present  it  forms  an  eitenBive  qrn^- 


eep,  between  ihe  Upper  and 
Lower  Wards. 

The  Staie  Apartmenti,  situated  in 
the  Star  Buildins  of  Chas.  IL,  now 
called  the  Stuart  Bnildinf;,  are  entered 
by  a  Gothic  porch  on  the  1.,  adjoining 
JGng  John's  Tower  (or  Kose  Tower). 

The  apartments  are  approached  by 
a  nanow  staircase,  and  are  shown  in 
the  following  order: — 

1.  The  Queen's  Audience  ChanibeT. 
Tbeoeiling  is  hjVerrio.  The  Gobelins 
twestry  representa  eTcnts  in  the  history 
of  Esther  and  Mordecai. 

2.  The  Fandydt  Soom.  It  contains 
an  tuuivalled  collection  of  22  fine 
portraits  hy  tJiis  great  master. 

3.  Qaeen'i  State  Drawing  Boom,  a. 
taioing  a  number  of  eacred  pictures  a 
landscapes  by  Zuccarelli, 

i.  The  Slate  Ante  Boom,  with 
ceiling  by  Tenio. 

5.  The  Nea  Grand  Staircate,  a  very 
handsome  work  by  Wyatt. 

6.  The  Gra/nd  Ve»tibule,  containing 
armour  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth  and 
Charles  I. 

7.  The  Waterho  ChaviheT,  decorated 
with  portnits  of  all  the  chief  persons 
who  DOre  a  prominent  part  in  the 
Congress  of  '\^enna. 

8.  The  PreienEe  Chamber  is  orna- 
mented in  the  Louis  XIV.  style,  and 
has  6  pieces  of  Gobelins  tapeetry, 
representing  the  history  of  the  Golden 

9.  d.  Oemge't  Ea^  in  which  all 
the  festivities  of  the  Order  of  the 
Gaiter  are  held,  appropriately  fitted 
mi  W  Wyatt,  with  the  coats  of  arms  of 
all  the  knights  since  the  foundation  of 
the  Order. 

10.  The  Guard  CAomier,  fltted  np 


11,  The  Queen's  Pretence  ChaiiAer, 
«.ith  a  ceiling  by  Verrio,  lias  fine 
Gobelins  tapestry,  with  the  eequel  of 
■  le  liistory  of  Esther  of  the  tapeatnes 
the  Queen's  Audience  Chamber. 
ThePriooifl  Jpar(monfeo/(Ae  Queeti 
■.«  only  shown  u  the  absence  of  Uie 
Court,  and  hy  an  expreu  order  /root 
-e  Lord  Chamberlain.  They  mo 
indsome,  and  the  riewB  from  the 
magnificent. 

'""  ft.  long,  by  Sir  J. 
the  entire 


The  Terrace,  more  fta?  2900  ft 
long,  which  surrounda  the^PPf  «»" 
of  the  Castle  on  3  aides.  sh:"W  on  no 
account  remain  nnTiBiled.  ."  ^  '™ 
finest  walk  of  the  kind  in  e3»*^- 

Below  the  Terrace  ate  tl  •  o"'P» 
phinted  with  a  variety  of  ?**h  ukI 
shrubs,  infersocted  by  Bhad^  ™^ 
bnt  to  which  the  public  are  ?«'  •"" 
mitted.  . 

The  Home  Parh  lies  E.  and  "■  " 
the  Castle,  and  encloses  500  acrc^  ^^ 

Frogmore  Bouee  (now  occapi^  "J 
the  Prince  and  Princcaa  Chrial^y' 
near  the  road  leading  to  Euruiiia?™ 
and  Egbam,  was  formerly  tJie  residenl? 
of  Queen  Charlotte  and  of  the  Princeso 
Augusta.  Here  the  Qoeen's  mother, 
the  Duchess  of  Kent,  died  (1860 J. 
Her  remains  are  interred  in  a  Jlfausa- 
leuta  in  tho  grounds.  Within  sight  of 
tbia  is  the  Sfauioleum  of  the  Prince 
Consort,  erected  1^  the  Queen,  1862- 
70,  not  BccesBible  io  the  public. 

Windtor  Great  Park  is  separated 
from  the  Oastle  1^  part  of  the  town, 
and  by  the  high  road.  Besides  large 
portions  used  as  farms,  it  contuns 
about  1800  acres,  which  abound  in 
deUgbtful  drives  and  walks,  thiongh 
forest  scenery,  and  are  occupied  bj 
herds  of  deer. 

The  Park  is  traversed  for  3  m.  by 
the  great  avenue  known  as  the  Xono 
Walk.  At  its  eitremi^  is  Snoa  HiO, 
where,  raised  on  a  block  of  granite. 


stands  a  coloesal  equestrian  leaden 
Btatne  of  Geo.  III.,  by  WeilmaeoU. 
The  view  of  the  Cnatle  from  lieoce  is 
~Y  fine;  J  m.  aE.  is   Cum- 


A  delightful  drive  of  3  m.  leads 
from  Saov  HQl  to  Virginia  Water 
(Inn :  Wlieatahoaf),  tlie  largest  aitiflcial 
lake  in  tbe  Kii^om,  fed  bj  a  running 
stream,  nhiob  escapes  from  it  in  an 
artificial  caacade  by  the  side  of  the 
Bagshot  load.  Tlie  banks  are  adorned, 
on  one  aide,  by  a  Chineee  Fishiag 
Temple;  aod  on  tbe  other,  by  frag- 
ments of  a  pictnresqoe  Colonnade 
brought  bora  the  African  coast,  near 
Tnois.  Upon  the  lake  float  2  minia- 
ture frigateB.  Other  objects  in  this 
part  of  the  grounds  ore  the  Hermitage, 
on  a  height  overlooking  the  water; 
tbe  ifeic^re,  a  tnxreted  triangular 
bidltUng,  vith  a  battery  of  21  guns, 
used  by  the  Duke  of  Ciunberlaad  in 
thecampaignof  1745;  and  the  Cascade, 
near  tlie  Bagshat-nMul. 

At  Vireinia  Water  is  a  station  on  the 
branch  of  the  S.W.  Blj.  from  London 
b>  Reading. 

The  vUlage  of  Olevter  (IJ  m.),  which 
lies  W.  of  the  road  to  Heading,  is  well 
worth  a  visit  The  Cfturcft,  originally 
Norm.,  was  restored  in  1855.  It  con- 
tains a  leaden  font  of  great  antiquity. 
Here  is  a  large  establishment,  the 
Sou»e  of  Mercy,  or  Church  Penitentiary 
(folmded  184u3.  About  80  female 
penitents  are  maintained  in  it.  The 
chapel  is  very  beantiful.  The  esta- 
blishment has  been  greatly  enlarf^ed, 
and  now  comprises  an  Orphanage  for 
40  children,  a  convaleacent  hospital, 
and  a  cottage  hospital  for  ladies  of 
limited  meaUB. 

,  Eton  (Bucks.)  conaists  of  a  single 
long  narrow  street,  in  effect  a  con- 
Unnation  of  the  muo  street  of  Wind- 
sor with  which  it  is  connected  by 
an  iron  bridge  (Itm;  The  Ohiis- 
lopher).  The  College  of  the  Bletat  ' 
Mary  of  Eton  betide  Windsor  wi 
founded  (li40)  by  Hen.  VI.,  and  hi 
ever  unce  held  tbe  Srst  position  among 
the  public  Bchools  of  England.  The 
oid^art  of  the  collie  is  built  princi- 
pally of  ted  brick  with  stone  dressing?, 
and  chimneys  elaborately  ornamented, 


470 

consists  of  2  quadrangles.    Tho 

of  these  contains  on  the  B.  the 
picturesque  Clock  Towor ;  on  the  N. 
the  Lower  Sdioal,  with  the  old  dormi- 
tory known  as  the  "  Lirm  Chamber" 
above  it ;  on  tbe  W.  the  Upper  School ; 
"\  the  8.  the  Chapel. 

The  gateway  of  the  Clock  Tower 
leads  to  the  second  or  Inner  Quadrangle, 
locally  known  as  the  Green  Yard. 
Here  is  the  entrance  to  the  SaU,  the 
dining-room  for  the  Fellows  on  tie 
foundation,  a  curious  apartment,  with 
a.  dais  for  the  dignitanes,  aud  3  fire- 
places. S.  is  the  LOtrary,  a  fine  suite 
of  rooms  containing  a  noble  collection 
of  MSS.  and  ^inted  books. 

The  Aeto  Baildinqe,  erected  abont 
1847,  on  the  N.  of  the  old  struoture, 
include  dormitories  and  the  Boys' 
Library.  They  are  of  red  brick  with 
stone  dresBiuge,  and  agree  in  style 
with  the  old  buildings. 

The  Chapel,  175  fl.  long,  ia  outline 
much  rcaomliles  King's  College  Chapel 
at  Cambridge,  and  is  a  very  fine  speci- 

en  of  late  Perp. 

A  poatem  gate,  on  the  1.   of  tha 

liege,  leads  into  tha  Playing  FieUU, 
broad  green  meadows,  ext^ding  along 
the  banks  of  tho  river  and  Hbaded  by 
noble  elm-trees. 

On  June  the  Ith,  now  tbe  school 
"  Speeoh-dBy,"  a  procession  of  boats 
takes  place  in  the  afternoon  fiom  the 
Broeat,  a  large  meadow  above  the 
bridge,  to  Sitnejf  HaH,  3  m.  up  the 
river,  and  the  evening  closes  with  a 
display  of  fireworks. 

Old  Windsor,  a  village  on  the  rt 
bank  of  tbe  Thames,  2  m.  S.E.  &om 
the  town  and  castle  of  Windsor  (Inn  : 
The  Bells  of  Onseley),  is  a  pretty 
secluded  place,  with  tbe  Thames,  here 
very  beautiful,  on  one  side  of  ii  and 
on  the  other,  tha  gnind  old  trees  of 
Windsor  Park,  and  ri^g  high  above 
them  tte  towers  of  Windsor  OasUe. 
On  every  hand  are  stalely  houses  and 
gay  villas. 

Tho  Chvirch  (St.  Pet«r)  ia  of  the 
13th  cent,,  but  has  been  much  altered. 
In  1864  it  underwent  a  complete 
renovation,  and  partial  transfbrmati^n, 
at  the  hands  of  Sir  G.  G.  Scott. 

WtNOATE  Spa,  sea  B^thXtarfi. 


480 


WISGFIELD—  WirnAJT. 


'WIllB-tteld  (Derby.)  —  Stnt. 
Midlind  Hly.— prettily  siluntcd  or.  n 
loii"  ridgo  overlooking  tlic  vale  of  the 
Aniber.  1  m.  W.,  od  the  brow  of  a 
iTooded  hill,  IB  the  Manor  Houee,  built 
by  B»h>l»  Lord  Cromwell,  Troanuret  to 
Hen.  TI.,  aad,  though  a  ruin,  a  fine 
ezampla  of  domestic  archttactaie  of 
the  15th  cent  There  are  2  cou 
the  N.  of  which  were  state  aparlj 
Notice  the  oetegon  window  aud  arched 
gateway  communioBling  with  the  S. 
court.  Under  the  Great  Hal]  (72  ft,  by 
36  ft.)  ia  a  erypt  with  groined  roof. 
Mary  Qaeen  of  Scots  was  imprisoned 
here.  It  is  supposed  that  her  root 
were  on  the  W.  side  of  the  N.  court 

ExeurtUm. — Charming  walk  toCrioh 
Stand,  3  m.  (see  WhaUlandmeU). 

WiNsroBD,  see  Lyntim. 

WiNBTON,  B©e  DarJjiiiffon. 

WiNTEBTflN,  Bee  Yanaoitih, 

WiNTBOWB,  see  Nmoarh, 

WiswiCK,  see  ITarriMfon. 

'Wlrksworth  (Derby.)- etat.. 
13J  )fi.  ftom  Derby,  and  3  m.  by 
road  trwa  Cromford  Stat.  Mid).  Itly. 
(Inne:  Lion;  George) — ia  an  old- 
faahioned,  picturesque  town  in  the 
lead-mining  district  Tlie  Cb.  is  cruci- 
form and  Perp..  and  contains  memoriBl 
chapels  to  the  Vemons  and  Blackwalle, 
brasses  and  monuments  to  the  GiellB 
of  Hopton.  In  the  N,  aisle  is  a  bas- 
relief  of  events  in  the  Saviour's  life. 
In  the  Moot  Sail  is  the  old  brass  dish 
which  in  Hea.  VIIL's  time  was  the 
standard  legal  measure  for  lead  ore. 

'Vr  is  beach  (Oamb.),!Stat.,  Mid- 
land Rly.  (via  Petetboro')  on  the  N., 
and  G.  E.  Kly.  (via  Cambridge  and 
March)  on  the  8.  of  the  town.  Innt : 
Rose  and  Crown,  and  White  Hart 
(White  Lion,  temperance).  The  prin- 
cipal market-town  in  this  part  of  the 
county.  Great  qnantities  of  grain  are 
annually  exported.  The  Davi<i;Bble 
river  Neoe  makes  Wisbcach  a  port ;  and 
there  is  a  branch  railway  to  Wisbcach 
harbour.  The  Nene  intersects  the 
town,  and  the  thoronghferea  along  it  are 
known  as  N.  and  B.  Brinks.  Vessels 
of  500  tons  can  enter  the  port.  There 
is  much  trade  in  timber  and  other 
"  imports  "  from  the  Baltic;  and  besides 
wheat  the  exports  are  various.    The 


Town  Hall  is  on  the  N.  Erink.nndhas 
a  cuiious  library  of  HSS.  and  ancient 
books,  fbimed  about  the  time  of  ttie 
Commonwealth.  The  parish  Cb.  (St. 
Fetei't)  deserves  a  visit.  The  chaocel 
is  Dec.  The  nave  has  Norm,  arches 
on  the  N.  side,  the  middle  Perp.,  the 
S.  decorated ;  the  tower  very  good 
Perp.  There  is  a  Museum  close  to  the 
ch,,  which  has  an  interesting  collectios 
of  local  antiquities,  an  ethnological 
collection ;  as  well  as  a  valuable 
library  of  7000  vols.,  interesting  auto- 
graphs and  numerons  works  of  art, 
bequeathed  by  the  late  Eev.  C.  H. 
TowBshend. 

The  ohnrohee  of  Emnetlt  (Norfolk), 
3  m.  8.E.,  and  Leverington,  IJ-  m.  N., 
are  fine  and  worth  notice.  In  the 
pansh  of  Leverington  is  one  of  the 
largest  distilleries  of  peppermint  in 
England . 

The  Cft.  (Norm.)  of  All  SainU,  Wal- 
Boken,  li  in.  from  Wisbeacb,  is  one  of 
the  most  curious  and  beautiful  in  the 
east  of  England.  The  chancel  arch  is 
peculiar  and  very  elalntate.  The  ch. 
contains  a  great  deal  of  rich  wood 

Went  WalUm  Ck.,  3  m.  &om  Wisbeadi, 
is  a  remarkably  One  speoimen  of  B. 
Eng.  lis  noble  bell-tower,  detached 
from  the  ch.  on  the  S. ;  the  B.  porob ; 
the  W.  door  divided  by  a  single  abaft ; 
the  nave  piers :  and  the  capitals  and 
niches  in  the  choir,  are  all  of  extra- 
ordinary beauty.  In  tbe  fine  ch.  at 
Outviell,  6  m.  on  the  old  Nene,  "the 
3  grand  praiods  of  Gothic  architectnn 
may  be  distinctly  traced."  1  m.  I.  OD 
a  branch  road  from  Outwell  is  UpuiM 
Ch.  (restored),  with  a  good  open  wood 
roof  and  tower.  It  also  has  one  of  the 
finest  painted  windows  in  the  country, 
the  gift  of  the  late  Bev.  W.  dale 
Townlcy. 

WiSLET,  see  Weybridge. 

WiBTON,  see  Steyning. 

WrsTow,  see  Wigttim. 

n'itlinin  (Ssaei),  Stat.,  O.  E. 
lUy.,  and  June,  for  Maldon  and  Brain- 
tree.  Inn:  White  Hart  A  m^ket 
town  on  the  Brain  or  Goith.  The  Ch. 
on  "  Chipping  "  or  Market  Hill,  stanib 
within  an  entrenchment,  which  no 
doubt  marksthe  site  of  the"biiiKh  ''at 


WITNET-WOBimtT. 


fortified  town  "wrought  and  timbered 
by  Edv.  the  elder  ^Bon  of  King  Alfred) 
in  913,"  and  contains  much  good  Dec 

ChelmtfoTd  ia  distant  9  m.  by  laiL 

WlTHEBIiBEA,  gee  HvU. 

WiTBTPOOL,  see  ijn(«n. 

"Witmey(0xon),8t»t.llim.&om 
Olfbi  1.  Inn:  "Marlboroagh  Arms 
H.  The  Gh.  (reatd.  by  Street)  has  a 
very  beantiful  oectml  tower  and  lofty 
spire.  Notice  inscription  oa  jtoh  of 
R.  'Wenman  (d.  1500).  Coggg,  1  m. 
E.  of  Witney,  liaa  a  remarkuble  Ch. 
with  a  Deo.  tower  placed  obliqaely 
aoroBa  the  N.W.  angle.  At  Duckling- 
bm  Cli^  \  m.  W.,  see  the  altar-piece 
earved  in  oak,  of  Italian  workmanabip. 
Adjoining  is  Cokefkorpe  Park  (W. 
Strickland,  Esq.),  which  contains  tbe 

Sioture  of  tbe  lamily  of  Sit  Thos. 
[ore,  supposed  to  be  by  Holbein,  and 
a  beautiful  portrait,  painted  b;  her- 
self, of  Angelica  KaufTmann.  3  m. 
S.W.  of  Y^ord,  which  adjoiriB  Coke- 
thorpe,  ia  Bampton-in-the-Bvth,  where 
in  the  Ch.  may  be  seen  examples  of 
architecture  of  almost  every  period 
from  the  Conquest  to  reign  of  Cieo. 
la.  The  remains  of  BampUm  Cattle 
(1315),  now  formed  into  2  picturesque 
farmhouses,  eland  near  the  Ch.  3  m. 
N.W.  of  Witney  is  Mintter  Lovell, 
whose  owner  in  1487  is  mentioned 
with  scorn  in  the  rhyme — 
(I. 
leEog." 

Ute  "hog"  being  Richd. III., and  the 
"Cat"  Cftlesby,  Chano.  of  the  Ei- 
i^equer.  The  Ch.,  founded  by  Lord 
LoToll,  0.  1430,  ia  a  fine  specimen  of 
Perp.  architecture,  and  is  picturesque- 
ly situated.  The  mutilated  tomb  of 
the  founder  ia  in  N.  tmnsept.  5  m, 
W,  of  Witney  U  AsthaiU  where  the  N. 
porch  of  Ch.  has  a  very  elegant  gable 
cross ;  and  3  m.  furllier  W.  is  Burford 
(JniM.'Bird-iu-the-HandiBird'xNest), 
where  the  Ch.  is  well  worth  a  visit. 

WiTTON  GiLBEBT,  Bcc  Durham. 

WivKuscoMBE,  see  Didverloit. 

TVIvenhoe  (Bevex),  Jane. 
Stat.,  Q.  E.  Rly.,  for  (a)  BrightlJngsea 
(Si  m.)  and  (b)  WaUon-on-th^Noie 
(l32  m.).    Inhabited  luuatly  by  per- 


ingaged  in  the  oyster  fishery. 
Here  la  a  large   sllipbuildiog    yanl 


rebuilt,  with  the  exception  of  the 
tower,  since  1859 — are  preseired  some 
fine  brasaeB  from  the  older  building. 
In  tbe  walls  of  the  old  Ch,,  part  of 
which  remains  on  the  N.  aide,  is 
much  Koman  tile.  On  the  S.  side  of 
the  cb.  is  a  row  of  cottages  —  with 
some  "pargetting"  or  plaster  work 
running  along  abore  the  wooden  base. 
The  work,  perhaps  Elizabethan,  is  ex- 
cellent in  design — representing  twisted 
branches  and  foliage.  Coleheiter  ia 
distant  6  m.  by  rail. 

TVobnm  (Beds.),  2J  m.  from 
the  Slat  of  Wobum  Saiidt,  L.  4  N, 
W.  Bly.  Jnn:  Bedford  Arms,  good 
and  comfortable.  This  is  a  well-cared- 
tbr  market  town,  with  little  life  or 
movement  at  present,  but  with  a  con- 
siderable air  qt  ancient  piosperity,  and 
containing  many  good  old  red  brick 
houses  of  the  Geori^ian  era.  A  very 
handaome  new  ch.  was  built  here, 
1865-1868,  by  the  late  (tbe  8th)  DuJce 
of  Bedford,  at  a  cost  of  30,00Ui.  Its 
character  is  Gothic  of  the  13th  cent. 

Near  the  cli.  is  one  of  the  entrances 
to  tbe  park,  through  whicli  there  are 
many  public  paths,  at  all  times  open. 
The  bouse  is  shown  on  Fridays,  be- 
tween 10  A.M.  and  1  r.H.  on  preseiila- 
tion  of  an  order,  which  may  be  obtained 
at  tbe  Park  Farm  Office. 

Wobum  Abbey  was  founded  in  1145 
for  Cistercian  monks.  In  1547  tlie 
site  and  great  part  of  the  lands  of  tbe 
abbey  were  grunted  to  John  Lord 
Russell,  wbo,  iu  IMO,  was  created 
Earl  of  Bedford.  He  then  fixed  his 
Fesideuce  at  Woburu,  which  has  ever 
since  been  the  principal  seat  of  tbe 
headof  IheRussells.  The  hoasestands 
towards  the  centre  of  tbe  park,  on  the 
foundatious  of  the  Cisterciun  abbey. 
Of  the  monastic  building,  the  most 
perfect  remaining  traces  are  in  the 
basement  of  the  existing  bouse;  but 
tiiere  ate  none  of  any'iinportance. 

The  gardens  and  pleasure  grounds 

immediately  surrounding    the   house 

cover    about  60  acica.      There  is  a 

remarkable  avenue  of  Aiaucariai ;  the 

2  I 


482 


WOKING—  WOLVERHAMPTON. 


Ckineie  Dairii  and  the  Aviary  ahoald 
be  Tiaitad.  The  FarTt  ha  one  of  the 
lari^eet  in  Eaeland,  12  m.  in  oircuit, 
and  TOQlaining  3501)  Bcres.  Deer 
ftbovind:  and  the  walks  acd  drive* 
in  nil  directioDS  ore  well  mannged. 
Amoiifr  the  flaest  trees  are  some  very 
ertiad  bcech(«  on  the  bank  of  a  piece 
of  water  called  "  the  Basin,"  in  front  of 
the  Abbev.  A  very  beautiful  yrooA, 
known  09  "  Tlie  KvprsreeiiB,"  adjoins  a 
Inke  called  '■  Old  Draielow,"  not  &t 
&om  the  village  of  Wohnra. 

The  village  of  Wofcurn  Sand» — eo 
named  from  the  sandy  soil — oloselj 
adioios  the  station. 

\i  m.  N.W.  of  the  station  is  the  cb. 
of  Ispley  Om*e.  Deo.,  and  of  some  in- 
terest. It  haebeenreBtored  throughout. 
The  village— one  of  the  prettieat  in 
the  ooaoly— stands  high  on  the  sand- 
liills.  and  oommanilB  very  wide  viewB. 

'WMklltRT  (Snrrey),  Jane.  Stat. 
L.  &  S.  W.  Ri.v.,  24i  m.  from  London ; 
whenra  a  branch  line  goea  off  (a)  S. 
to  Guildford,  Haslemere,  and  Porte- 
inonth ;  (5)  N.  to  Ascot,  with  etata,  at 
Frlmley  (for  N.  Camp),  Oamberley 
(for  York  Town),  and  Bngshot.  Jnns  .- 
Albion ;  Railway  H.,  both  near  the 
rtntion;  White  Hart,  in  the  villaire, 
1(  m.  S.  The  river  Wcy  affonJa  toler- 
able teofih  flshine.  The  Ch.,  Dec, 
eii^pt  the  chnncel.  whii^  is  E.  E., 
baa  a  bmss  to  Sir  Edw.  Zouch,  d.  1630. 
A  pleasiint  walk  along  the  Wey,  3  m., 
wltl  bring  the  tonrist  to  the  remainsof 
Neaark  Priory,  founded  tor  Augustiniati 
eaoons  temp.  Kii-hd.  I.;  thence  otiuiH 
the  hill  to  the  piefuresque  and  in- 
tereatinE  little  Ch.  of  Pirford,  i  m., 
which  lias  pome  Norm,  and  Dee.  por- 
tions. About  li  m.  W.  of  Woking  Is 
Knaphill,  wbore  the  nursery  of  Messrs. 
Wftterer  should  be  visited,  especially 
when  the  rhododendrons  are  in  blos- 
som. W.ofthiB,and2im.KofFain- 
boro*  atat..  are  the  Ckobham  Ridgea ; 
4  m.  E.  of  which  is  village  of  Chobham, 
a  wild  hetithy  district.  Bxtending 
for  some  distance  along  the  main 
line  is  ffofcing  "Cemetery  or  iondon 
Necropolis,  to  which  a  train  rung 
every  mornins  from  a  private  ata- 
tioD  of  the  Cemetery  Company  in 
**")  Westminster-road.    Abont  1}  m,  8. 


are  SipUy  Green  and  Ch,,  whence  a 
short  and  pleasant  walk  tfada  through 
Ockham  Park  (Lord  Lovelace)  to 
OctAflTH  C^. well wortha  visit.  Observe 
especially  Sne  E.  window,  old  brasses 
and  statue  by  Bysbrach  to  Srst  Lord 
Chancellor  King  (temp.  Q.  Anue).  and 
bust  by  Westmacott  of  7th  Lord  Kin?. 

n^Oltlnit:  ham .  forQierty''Onk- 
ingham"  (Berks.),  Slut.  L.  &  8.  W.  Ely, 
(Staines  and  Beading  Branch).  Hnd 
S.  E.  Kly.  (Reading  Branoh).  Inn: 
Rose  (where  the  song  of  'Molly  Mog' 
wa«  oompoBcd  by  Gay.  Swift.  Fiipe,  aud 
Arbnthnol,  who  were  detained  bore 
by  wet  weather).  The  town  (up  to 
1821  notod  tot  bull-bailtDg)  slands  on 
high  ground  on  the  ver^  of  the  old 
Royal  Forest.  The  Dec.  and  Perp. 
Ck.  (restored  1861)  has  some  16th-cent 
brasses. 

Im.  W.isHiefineeBlateof  BeonwKxi 
(J.  Walter,  Esq.,  M.P.),  a  large  and 
beautiful  park,  retaining  mncb  of  ila 
wild  forest  character.  The  Souse, 
xehuilt  in  1869.  by  Kerr,  contnins  a  Ene 
collection  of  pictures.  In  the  village 
of  Bearwood  is  a  very  pretty  small 
Oh.  Oq  the  hili  upon  which  it  stands 
there  is  a  fine  view.  On  the  slopo 
are  Almfhoueef  for  aged  eervanta  of 
the  London  "Times"  newspaper. 

EatOiampeUad  Park,  2}  m.  (Mar- 
quis of  Downshire),  is  a  modem  build- 
ing in  the  E1i7abethan  style,  and  oc- 
cupies the  at«  of  the  old  hnntmg  seat 
1  m.  8.  of  Easthanipstcad  Park  is  an 
irrepilar  forti6c«tion,  on  an  eminence, 
with  a  double  ditch,  known  as  Cxtari 
Catnv,  S.  of  which,  maning  acroasi 
Bag^iot  Heath,  are  traces  of  »  Boman 
road,  known  as  the  Denl't  Btghieag. 

The  ancient  Park  of  BUUn^ear 
{Lord  Bmyhrookc)  is  2)  m.  N.  oif  ths 

From  Wokingham  the  Wellington 
College,  and  the  Boyal  Military  Col- 
lege, Sandharet,  mny  be  readily  visited 
by  rail,  there  beinK  station  for  each  on 
the  R^kding  and  ReJBnte  line. 

WoLLASioir,  see  WelApooL 

WoLLAToy,  see  Nottingham, 

WoLSTAHTOH,  Bee  EtruTta. 

DVolverhainpton  (Stslfo.) 
— TwoStats.  r  Low  Level,  Gt.  W.  Ely. ; 
High  Level,  L.  «  N.  W.  Ely.,  both 


W0L7ESBA  MPTON^—WOODBRIDOE. 


1S3 


close  together.  Jnns :  Star  and  Garter 
H.,  Vioioria-9ti*6t:  Swan,  in  the  Mar- 
feet-plaoe.  Poet-office.  Qneen-Btreet— 
is  the  metropoliBof  8.  Staffa.,  and  juat  on 
the  edgeof  the  Black  Country,  etanding 
on  New  Bed  Sandstone.  St.  Petei's 
Ch.,  in  the  M»rket-place,  is  a  fine  old 
hiiilding  of  the  IStli  ctut,  with  a 
mn^iflcent  toner,  though  almost  re- 
built in  1851.  See  the  carved  stone 
pulpit  (14S0)  and  font  The  modem 
BlAined  glass  by  Connor,  Wailet,  and 
BardToan,  is  exeellent;  the  traneept 
window  is  in  memoty  of  the  late  Duke  of 
Wellington;  there  arealsosoTeral  cither 
stsined  windows  of  interest.  Monu- 
ments.-—(o)  To  John  Lnne  and  hia  wife 
(1582),  and  O'lonel  John  Lane,  who 
lielpcd  Charles  IL  to  escape  after  the 
BattleofWoroeater.(6)ToVioe-AdminJ 
HirBiohard  Levison  (temp.  Eliialjelh). 
byieBWoT,  inbroDie.  (e)  Altar- twmb to 
J .  Levison  and  wife,  (d)  A  tablet  with 
curious  epitaph  in  porch,  Thereredos 
is  carved  by  Fonj^.  In  ck-yard  is  a 
cnrious  rudely'  carved  pillar,  believed 
to  be  Danish.  The  Deanery  (for  Wol- 
verhampton was  once  colle(;iate)is7K)w 
a  private  house.  In  the  Mutket-place 
is  an  equestrian  Sto(««t«  Prince  Albert, 
by  Th&nwucroft.  The  J(7n"c«IturaI 
SaU,  Snow-hill,  covers  a  space  of  1200 
yds.  Wolverhampton  is  the  seat  of  the 
lock  trade  as  well  as  for  hardware, 
japanned  and  papier-mAch^  articles, 
FortheformerMessnj.Chubb'a  works  ill 
Horseley  Fields  are  the  best,  and  are 
open  ove^  day,  eicept  Saturday  and 
holiilays,  between  10  and  1,  2  and  6. 

EiMurrion.— 2  m.  N.W.  to  Tettenhall, 
&  pretty  vills^e,  oimtaining  the  water- 
works of  Wolverhampton  Corporutioo, 
The  Ch..  once  collegiate,  has  carved  oak 
screen  and  sedilia.  The  E.  window  is 
curious  and  represents  the  Archangel 
trampling;  on  the  Dntgon.  JVonunients 
to  the  Wroltestey  fiimily. 

Woodbrldire  (Suffolk),  Stat, 
Gt.  B.  Bly.  Inn:  Bull.  A  town  re 
markable  for  the  long  narrow  street 
up  which  the  old  high  road  from  Ips- 
wich (9J  m.)  passes.  It  stands  10  m. 
ftom  tlie  sea.  on  the  rt.  bank  of  the 
Dehen.  where  ate  quays,  accessible  for 
small  vessels. 

The  flue  Ch.  is  early  Perp,,  with  good 


open  roof,  no  arch  or  other  distinction 
between  nave  and  cliancel.  The  lolly 
(108  ft.)  and  noble  tower  demarols 
special  attention,  as  does  the  very  fine 
N.  porch. 

Here  is  a  noble  foundation  by  Thomas 
Seckford,  Master  of  Requests  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  who  left,  in  1578, 
large  estates  in  Clerkenwell,  London, 
to  endow  charities  at  Woodbridge.  His 
Alnuhoute,  and  the  endowed  Grammar 
School,  have  been  rebuilt.    He  was  the 

Eroprietor  of  Woodbridge  Priory,  a 
ause  of  Augustinian  canons,  founded 
in  the  I2tli  oifnt.  The  preeent  mansion, 
called  Woodbridge  Abbey,  was  built  by 
Seckford  in  tlie  reign  of  EliEabeth. 

The  poet  Crabbe  was  apprenticed  to 
a  surgeon  io  the  town  ;  and  here  lived 
and  wrote  "Bernard  Barton,"  the 
Quaker  poet. 

TheC%.of(]^ndMuri7A,3m.,isDec 
and  Purp.,  and  conUioa  a  fine  rood- 

AtWetrfx™™,  em.  a  of  Woodbridge, 
is  a  large  Dec  Ch,  of  soirie  interest. 

Or/ord  CagUe,  12  m.,  mny  he  visited 
from  Woodbridge,  taking  Bntley  Abbey 
on  the  way.  About  3  m.  1.  Sendk*liam 
Ch.  is  passed,  ■which  deserves  notice  for 
its  fine  Dec.  E.  window,  the  tracery  of 
which  is  very  rich  and  peculiar.  Win- 
dows of  same  dale,  with  picellent 
tracery,  remain  in  tlje  ch.  at  Ei/lce.  on 
the  riiad  to,  and  about  1  j  m.  from,  Ren- 
dlesliam.  Bntley  Priory  was  founded 
in  IITI  for  Aognstinian  cations.  Little 
now  remains  of  it,  the  fine  Dec.  Qate- 
Aoute  of  flint  aud  stone  being  the  most 
important  portion.  This  now  serves 
as  the  incumbent's  residence,  and  has 
been  much  damaged  in  the  process  of 


Of  the  earlier  history  of  Orford 
CattU  little  has  been  uacertained  with 
certainty.  The  ate  was  one  of  con- 
siderable defensive  importance.  The 
Castle  keep,  which  alone  remains,  oc- 
cupies the  BOmmit  of  a  lofty  mound, 
surrounded  by  two  deep  ditches  witli 
high  walled  ramparts.  There  are  4 
storeys,  inoluding  the  battlemenled  mof. 
The  main  entrance  on  the  first  fioor, 
reached  by  an  eiiernal  flight  of  steps, 
is  by  a  curioua  oblique  arch.  Under 
the  entntuce  are  2  dungeons  (or  cellars) 
2  1  2 


181 


WOODCEESTEB— WOOLWICH. 


without  witidows.  0»er  the 
en  n  level  with  the  second  floor,  was  a 
ohapel,  now  withont  floor  ot  roof,  but 
letunine  the  sJtai-receaa.  A  titair  in 
one  of  the  flauking  towers  leiuia  to  the 
third  stocey,  which  was  roofed  and 
floored  in  1831  hf  the  tote  Harquis  of 
Hertford,  and  now  serves  as  a  dining- 
loom  for  picnic  parties. 

The  Ch.  is  Dec^  and  has  a  fine  win- 
dow at  the  end  of  the  8.  aisle.  The 
^nt  U  Feip.  and  curioua,  csrved  with 
the  Bjmbolio  embJems  of  the  Four 
Evangelista.  At  the  E.  end  of  the  ch., 
and  now  excluded  from  it,  are  the  ruins 
of  the  chancel,  a  late  Norm,  structure. 
Tlie  remains  asa  very  fine,  and  the 
piers  and  arches  have  a  great  variety 
«f  omamentol  detail.  It  la  of  the  same 
date  as  the  <»stleL 

No  one  fond  of  horses  should  visit 
Woodbridge  wi(hont  aeeing  Mr.  Grout's 
(Proprietor  of  the  BuU  U.)  stables,  of 
world-wide  reputation. 

TVoode  neater  (Glouceat.)— 
Slot,,  Mdl.  Hly.  (Nailawortb  Bcnjidi)— 
is  iu  a  most  romantic  oolite  valley,  about 
2  m.  B.  of  Stroud.  In  the  oh.-yd.  is  a 
teaselated  pavement,. 25  ft.  iu  diameter, 
but  it  ia  usually  covered  up.  The 
Dominicans  have  a  leligious  house  and 
a  large  nunnery  and  monastery. 

Wood  Eaton,  see  Oxford  (Eicura.). 
Wood  Newton,  sea  OundU. 
WooDSFOBD  Cahtle,  See  BoTchedeT. 
WooieTocK,  see  Oxford  (Excurs.;, 
■WooKEV  Hole,  see  WeU»  (Soraeraet). 
'Wouler  (Northum.),  10  m.  from 
Belfoid  Stat.,  N.  E.  Sly.,  13  m.  from 
Uornhili  Stat,  (see  jxui),  and   18  m. 
from    Alnwit;k.    2     horse    mail-cart 
runs  ^m  Alnwick  at  Sa.u.,  returning 
at  4.30  P.M.   lira:  Wooler  Cottage, 
good  and  fiivourite  slatian  for  angler 
On  a  round  hill  are  traces  of  an  ol 
Cattle  (temp.  Hen.  I.), 

i'lcuraions,— The  Ascent  of  Cheviot 
(2630  ft.)  may  ba  made  from  tht;  pic- 
turesque hamlet  of  Langley  Ford,  i  m 
8.W.  of  Wooler ;  the  ascent  is  fatign 
ing  and  not  repaid  by  the  view.  About 
2  m.  S.E.  of  Cheviot,  and  equidistant 
from  I.angley  Ford,  is  the  mountain 
of  Medgehape  (2347  ft.),  whieh  affords 
a  finer  view.  (2)  To  Flodden  Hill. 
7  m.,  the  scene  of  the   terrible  de- 


feat esd  death  of  Jas.  lY.  (1513). 
About  half-way  ia  Kirk  Nevtton,  nhere 
the  beautifully  situated  and  ancient 
Ch.  of  St  Gregory  (restored)  retains 
traces  of  Saxon  architecture.  Fnxo 
Flodden  it  is  about  5  m.  to  ComhiU 
(Stat.,  Berwick  and  Kelso  line).  Inn: 
Scotfa  Collingwood  Arms  Hotel. 
Cross  the  Till  (good  fishing  river)  to 
the  beautiful  village  of  Ford,  2  m.  K 
On  the  bin  is  Ford  Castle  (Louisa, 
Marchioness  of  Waterford).  In  the  vil- 
lage observe  beautifiil  memoriel-fann- 
tain  and  national  school  decorated  with 
medaUione.  1}  m.  N.  of  Ford  is  Elal,  V. 
of  which  are  the  picturesqoe  ruins  of 
the  Goftle  (1311).  1}  m.  further  N.  U 
the  glen  called  the  Boating  (bellowing) 

WoouTHDRPE,  see  GTantham. 

^Voolw-lell  (Kent),  a  garrison 
town,  and  the  seat  of  the  Eoyal 
Arsenal,  is  situated  on  the  right  bunk 
of  the  Thames,  S  m.  from  London 
by  rosd,  10  m.  by  water.  The  Mid- 
Kent  lineof  the  8.  E.  Klv.  has  stations 
at  the  Dockyard  and  Araenal.  The 
Gt.  E„  N.  London,  and  L.  S  N.  W. 
Rljs.  run  trains  to  North  Woolwich, 
and  thence  steam  feiTies  to  Woolwich 
Pier.  Steamboats  run  regularly 
through  the  day  from  the  WestminsWf 
and  City  Piers  to  Woolwich.  Inm: 
Crown  and  Anchor,  High-street; 
Boyal  Mertar.  by  the  Arsenal  Gates, 
Beresfi^d-square ;  King's  Arms,  near 
the  Barracks;  Cambridge,  by  the 
Dockyard  Station. 

Nearly  half  the  area  of  Woolwich 
parish  is  on  the  Essex  side  of  the 
Thames,  constituting  what  is  now  tha 
eoclesiastii-al  district  of  North  Wool- 
wich. The  town  owes  its  growth 
and  importance  to  the  Botal  Dock- 
yard and  ArsenaL  Apart  liom  tbeae, 
It  is  HQgularly  uninteresting.  It  ex- 
tends for  over  two  miles  along  the 
Thames,  the  Dockyard  and  Arsenal 
being  between  it  and  the  river  nearly 
all  the  way. 

The  Btiyal  Dockyard,  extending 
along  theTbames  for  about  a  mile  on 
the  W.  side  of  Woolwich,  was  closed 
as   a    dockyard    in   18C9.    A    snull 

Ctinn  of  it  has  been  sold :  the  mt 
been  tiansfened    to   the   War 


Depirtnient  of  t!ie  Government,  and  u 
used  for  stores. 

The  Royai  Araenal  stretches  for  s 
niil»  along  the  TImmeaE.of  tbeDock- 
vard.  II  ia  the  only  art«nal  in  tbt 
kingdoD],  the  eioaller  eEtsbliahmeiits 
st  Ihe  other  dookfatda  being  called 
gun-v>haTf$.  To  Bee  the  arseaal  it  is 
iweessary  that  an  order  be  Jirit  obtained 
'  /riHH  the  War  Office,  PoK-mali.  " 
eiCliXT  the  iwiMen  or  personal  appli 
Hon  of  a  BriU»h  aabfeet,  a  card  mill  be 
qiven  for  admiitioa  any  Tuetday  or 
Thuriday  within  14  dayi  from  the  day 
of  iMue.  The  houn  of  adminion  are 
from  10  till  Is  va»t  II  i«  ihe  forenoon, 
and  from  2  UU  J  pari  1  in  the  afler- 
noort.  A  TiHitoroDleaTingthenisenal 
mny,  by  mentioning  his  inten'* 
when  he  gives  up  hia  card,  return 
o'clock,  and  ciintinue  his  eiamii 
till  i  past  4  or  5.  Foreignera 
Bp{ily  far  orders  of  admiBsion  through 
the  Consul  or  other  represeutatiee  of 
their  oountry. 

Excluding  the  powder  mngszinea  in 
Woolwich  Marahea,  the  arsenal  occu- 
pies tin  area  of  333  acres.  It  is  Ih: 
great  repository  and  storehuuse,  u 
well  as  manufactory  of  guns  and  war- 
like materials.  About  10,000  work- 
people are  usually  employed,  increased 
in  "busy  times"  to  a  much  larger 
number.  It  eoropriaea  four  depart- 
ments: the  ioioratorp .-  the  Gun  Fae- 
toriet;  tlie  Carriage  Xlepartment ;  the 
i^or«j  or  Control  Deparlment. 

The  LaboraUrry,  which  iit 
yon  to  the  1.  after  paasing  through 
the  entnince  gates,  may  be  con- 
VBHiently  Tiailed  first.  The  Laboratory. 
PaHtTB  Soom.  or  Muiemn,  contains 
paKernB,  dupiicaies,  or  models  of  all 
objects  made  by  the  department,  and 
a  greet  variety  of  modem  as  welt  as 
obsolete  warlike  appliances. 

The  Labi/ratory  Workshop,  or  Main 
Factory,  is  the  chief  attraction  in  this 
department,  and  is  said  to  be  the 
largest  workshop  under  one  roof  in 
existence.  Here  there  are  stated  to  be 
over  500  machines  in  operation,  moat 
of  them  to  a  great  extent  automatic, 
motion  being  given  to  them  by  some 
4000  feet  of  revolving  shafts  over- 
head.   Close  by  i»  the  Cay  FaeUtry, 


where  percnaaion-copa  required  for  tho 
cartridges  are  made  with  marvellous 

The  B^  Shot  and  Shell  Factory 
belongs  U>  this  department,  thouRU 
situated  some  dietanoe  £.  ot  the  other 
laboratory  buildings.  It  will  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  great  chimney- 
shaft  of  its  furnaces,  which  rises 
220  ft.  high. 

In  the  &an  Factories  are  carried 
out  all  the  processes  of  making  our 
field  and  naval  artillery. 

Visitors  are  aaually  taken  first  to 
the  Coiling  Mills,  the  coil  heuig  a 
distinctive  and  essential  feature  of  tlie 
Woolwich  guD.  Following  tlie  great 
coil,  the  nest  stage  brings  us  to  the 
Great  Furaace  and  the  Forty-ion  Ham- 
mer. The  framework  and  apparatus 
constrticted  for  sustaining  the  great 
hammer  is  of  immense  strength,  and 
weighs  550  tons.  The  hammer,  manu- 
factured by  Measra.  Nasmyth,  the 
patentees,  coat  altogether  about 
50,0001. ;  on  cither  side  of  it  is  a 
Titanic  steam-crane. 

There  are  boring  and  rifting  shops, 
and,  close  by,  tlie  Turnery,  which 
should  not  be  loft  unviaited.  In  it 
are  4  of  the  largest  and  finest  tuming- 
luthes  yet  made. 

The  Soyal  Carrioae  Deparimenl  ia 
most  interesting.  In  it  are  made 
all  the  gun-carriages,  limber  equip- 
ments, and  the  li£e  required  in  the 
sea  and  land  services.  It  employs 
some  thousand  hands,  and  has,  perhaps, 
agreiiter  variety  d' automatic  machinery 
than  any  other  department. 

The  Saa  Mills  contain  some  very 
ingenious  tonla,  and  in  the  MachitM 
Shop  aiijoining  will  be  seen  many 
marvellous  implements.  In  ihe  Forges 
very  pretty  tbrging  and  stamping 
operations  take  place,  and  the  number 
of  stamping  tools  is  said  to  exceed  that 
inany  other  shop  in  the  kingdom.  The 
Wheel  Factory  la  the  most  generally 
-"—  -■'--  section  of  the  carriage  de- 


krtmeui. 

The  Stores  or  Confrol  Department 
compriaea  a  very  extensive  range  of 
buildings,  extending  along  the  greater 
part  of  the  river  front  of  the  arsenal, 
.niih  others  on  the  East  Whsif  and  in 


the   Marshes.     In    them  nre  stored, 

ready  lor  immediate  use,  war  material 
of  every  kind. 

Tbe'H^r/ extends  for  about  amile 
along  the  river.  Here  troopa  land  and 
embark  and  Btores  are  shipped. 

In  the  Eail  LaixntUory,  a  series  of 
detached  and  isoluted  buildings,  shut 
off  from  the  other  departments  by 
vialls  or  oaoals,  oaittidge  oases  are 
made,  the  various  ex[MO(iive  onm- 
positions  mixed,  and  percnsBion-caps, 
fuzes,  and  umall-arm  cartridgas,  ftc, 
filled. 

The  Garrison  BuHdingi  are  moetlf 
grouped  abuutoF  near  theCommm.  Be- 
tween ihe  Dockyard  and  thn  Common 
are  the  Bed  or  Boyai  Engineer  Bar- 
rocls.  The  Boycd  ArtiXlery  Barracka 
are,  however,  the  more  important,  as 
the  headqparters  of  the  Military 
BtafT  at  Woolwich,  and  the  most 
imposing  building  in  the  town.  The 
building  has  a  frontage  of  over  1200  ft. 
facing  the  Common,  and,  in  four 
diviaiuDS,  has  an  eqnul  depth.  Oppo- 
site the  (centre  of  the  Ia9ade  is  the 
Crimean  JSemorial,  and  close  to  the 
memorial  is  a  remarkable  bronze  guo, 
caplored  at  Bhartpore  in  1828.  "' 
Boyal  Horie  AHiOery  Bairaeka 
the  Grand  Dep6t  form  a  part  of  the 
efctablistnaent :  as  do  also  tlje  Siding 
School,  160ft.by63ft.,andtheafena(fe. 
where  the  soldiers  practise  their  sword 
eierciae.  In  a  distinct  structure,  E.  of 
the  main  building,  is  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery Jn»titvtion,  with  its  library, 
readiug-nioms,  leotnre  theatre,  Ac. ; 
an  admirable  institution,  in  whioh 
ninch  good  work  has  been  done,  f 
Georges  Church,  the  garrison  chapi 
enuted  in  186:1,  the  rjchest  speeimen 
of  ecolesiastical  aiohiteoture  in  Wool- 
wich, faces  the  end  of  the  Artillery 
Barracks. 

On  the  W.  side  of  the  Barrack 
Field,  beyond  the  Battery,  and  en- 
closed within  a  line  of  field  works,  is 
the  S^l  Mililary  Sepo»itory,  where 
all  military  offloers  have  to  pa— 
througb  a  conne  of  instruction,  an 
the  soldiers  are  leught  to  mount,  serr 
and  dismount  henvy  guns,  ihe  use  < 
ponbion',  and  whatever  is  reuuitod  i 
Lid  service. 


The  Bepository  is  not  open  to 
visitors;  but  within  ita  boaudaries,  in 
the  bnildhig  known  aa  the  Rotunda, 
la  the  Boyai  ArtilUry  Maseuin,  which 
■•  open  to  the  publie  evory  leeek-day 
ithoal  lickelt,  frota  10  tOl  12.45  in 
the  morning,  and  /nmt  2  to  1.  5,  or  6. 
according  to  the  teaton,  in  the  afterjuxnt. 
The  museum  is  very  inlereatiog  and 
instructive,  andconlainsalargeeoUec- 
tion  of  military  arms  and  appliances, 
ancient  and  modem ;  models  of  dock- 
yarda,  fortresses,  Ac;  war  trophies 
trvm  China  and  Abystitiia ;  South 
AfHcan  and  American  Indian  war  im- 
plements, and  numerous  curiosities. 

On  the  opposite  sideof  tbeCommoD, 
about  a  mile  S.E.  &om  the  Kotunda, 
ae  Royal  Military  AcadeTity  for 
milituy  eduoation  of  geutlemea 
oadets.  The  instruction  In  theAcademy 
iparatory  for  ^e  Boyal  Artillery 
Eoyal  Engineers,  the  scienti&i 
corps  of  the  British  army.  Students 
are  admitted  between  the  ages  of  16 
and  18,  afterapreliminary  examination 
conducted  by  the  Civil  Seivioe  Com- 

Woolwich  Common  ia  about  a  mile 
aoioss;  tlie  area  185  aores.  It  ia  the 
property  of  the  government,  and  is 
used  for  exercising  the  triiopB  and  for 
reviews;  but  there  is  an  open  n»d 
acnwa  it,  and  the  public  have  free 
access  to  it,  except  when  any  part  is 
required  for  military  purposes. 

Shooter'i  Hill,  beyond  Woolwich 
Common,  rises  to  an  elevation  of  446 
ft,  and  is  famous  for  its  prospect  of 
London  and  the  valloy  of  the  Thame*. 
On  the  summit  of  tlie  hill,  a  short 
distance  on  the  ri.  of  the  road,  is  Severtt 
droog  Ca»Ue,  erected,  1T81,  by  Lady 
James  in  commemoration  of  the  gal- 
lantry of  her  husband.  Sir  Wm.  Jumes 
(d.  1783).  and  ss  a  record  of  the  con- 
quest of  the  Castle  of  Bevern  drooK,  on 
Uie  Halabar  coast.  The  oastle  is  a  tri- 
angular brick  tower  of  three  floors, 
about  IS  ft.  high.  The  tower  is  now 
closed  and  much  dilapidated,  but 
admission  rau  generally  be  obtained 
on  proper  application. 

&orlh  Woolioieh  liis  on  the  1.  bank 
of  tl.e  Thames,  oppo^itE  Woolwi.'h,  ar.d 
is  tlie  toriuinus  of  the  Violoda  Dooka 


WOOTTON-UNDEB-EDOE—WORCESTEB. 


4B7 


and  Nortli  Wfxilmich  branoli  of  the 
Gt.  E.  Rly,,  over  which  tlia  N.  I^ndon 
trains  also  run.  Inn.-  Roytil  Hotel. 
The  North  Woolmek  Oardem,  at- 
tached to  the  Boyal  Hotel,  are  a 
popiilai  place  of  summer  resort. 

Flumdead  lies  immediately  E.  of 
Woolnioh,  and  the  towns  now  run 
into  each  other.  Bly.  Stats. :  Dnrtford 
branch  of  6.  E.  Ely.;  Woolwicti 
Arsenal  for  W.  end  of  the  town ; 
Plumstead  (by  the  ch.)  for  tbe  E.  end. 
Plumftead  Marak  eitenda  fhim 
Woolwich  Arsenal  to  CrossneBS,  Erith 
Harsh  being  its  eaatem  prolonga- 
tion. The  Woolwich  Arsenal  Butt 
and  (lOTemment  practioe  rant^  for 
testing  artillery,  occup;  the  W.  side 
of  the  Marsh. 

Charltott  lies  on  the  hi^  gnnind 
between  Qraenwich  and  Woolwich, 
and  readies  down  la  the  Thames. 
inn .-  The  Bugle  Horn,  opposite  the 


Tbe  manor-house,  Charlton  Houie, 
said  to  have  been  designed  by  Inigo 
Joae$,  is  a  capital  example  of  the 
florid  Jacobean  type.  The  grounds, 
about  TO  acres,  ere  very  fine,  but,  liko 
the  boose,  strictly  closed  against 
Btrangera.  Cbeilton  is  of  interest  to 
the  geologist  as  affording  the  beet 
illustration  near  London  of  the  Jnnc- 
tiOD  of  the  chalk  with  the  Lower 
Tertiary  strata.  This  is  well  seen  in 
the  great  pit  E.  of  the  railway  station. 

'VFoottoD  -  under- Ed  S-e 
(Glouoester.)— 2  m.  E.  of  Charfield 
hUi.  Blidl.  Bl;r.  (umnibas  meets  trains). 
Jnn:  Swan— is  astnaJl  woollen  cloth- 
ing town  on  the  slopes  of  tbe  Cots- 
-wolds.  The  Ch.  contains  wonnmeuts 
to  various  families,  and  in  tbe  N.  aisle 
brasses  to  4th  Laid  Berkeley,  HIT,  and 
Lady  Margaret  Berkeley,  1392. 

ilizcursiona— (a)  2  m.  N.  to  Nibley 
Kuoll,  on  which  is  a  memorial  oolomii, 
111  ft.,  to  Wm.  Tyndale,  translator 
of  the  Bible.  (*)  Alderlty  Ch.,  2  m. 
6.,  has  the  tomb  of  Judge  Hsie.  Tiie 
whole  neigbboorhood  alwnnds  with 
charmii^  walks. 

n^orcester  (Worcester.). 
2  Stats.:  (a)  Joint  Stat.  Shmb-hill 
(nboutl  m.rn>mtliatown),forG.  W. 
Blf .  (1^0  m.  from  Londouj,  and  MidL 


Biy.  (Bristol  tr>  Birmingham)  ;  and 
(ft)  G.  W.  Bly,  (Worcester  and  S. 
Wales),  Furegate-street  Stat,  ia  the 
town.  Jnn*  .-  Star  ;  Bell ;  Crown  ;  Uni- 
com. The  city  stands  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Severn, , the  princifbl  buildings 
being  on  a  high  ridge,  along  which  run 
the  Higb-street  and  tbe  Foregate  paral- 
lel to,  and  about  i  m,  from,  the  river. 
This  is  intersected  at  the  "  Cross,"  , 
now  pulled  down,  by  another  thoroogh- 
fare,  of  which  tiie  western  (Brnid- 
stteet)  brattoh  crosses  tbe  Severn  by  a 
'  indsome  stoae  bridge. 

Woroester  is  a  place  of  high  anti- 
uty.  The  Bomans  seem  to  have 
found  it  already  a  town,  and  to  have 
held  it  as  a  military  station.  Its 
castle,  during  several  centuries,  was  a 
post  of  great  military  importance. 

The  Cathedral  is  the  principal 
bnilding.  It  stands  above  the  river, 
S.ofthetown;  and  trom  theS.W.  side 
of  its  precinct  a  vary  pleasinir  view  of 
the  river,  the  bridge,  tbe  suburb,  and 
meadows  oppoBite.  and  the  distant 
ridge  of  MiUvem  is  obtained.  This 
Cathedral  is  very  perfect,  contains  some 
very  curious  details,  and  aboiinds  in 
examples  of  every  style  Anm  the 
earliest  Norman  to  the  latest  Perp.,  of 
excellent  compoeition  and  detail.  Its 
general  character  is  B.  E.,  and  ia  of 
stone,  vaulted  thtongboat.  The  build- 
ing is  cruciform,  without  transept 
ai^es,  but  with  subordinate  or  second- 
ary transepts  to  the  choir.  The 
tower  (central),  Transition  from  Dec  to 
Perp.  (1374),  162  ft.  high,  has  been 
thoroughly  restored.  Of  the  ch, com- 
menced by  Bishop  Wulstan,  1084,  tbe 
Gnjpt,  which  extends  under  the  choir, 
and  aisles,  is theonlyrelio.  The  choir, 
retro-choir,  and  Uid;  Chapel,  with  tbe 
cboir  aisles,  and  eastern  transepts,  are 
E.  E.,commenoedin  1224.  TbeNate, 
with  the  exception  of  the  two  western 


and  Dec.,  with  a  tendency  t 
Perp.,  on  tbe  8. 

The  Cloiiten,  of  Ferp.  date,  have 
undergone  oomplete  resloration,  the 
ancient   details   being   carefully   re- 

Tlie  Orypl  is  a  fine  example  of  E. 
Norm,  apiudal,  and  ramarkable  for  its 


488 


WORCESTER. 


bi'Raliful  Bystc?m  of  groining,  radi- 
ating from  central  pillan.  In  it  are 
pregervcd  the  anoieot  N,  dootB  of  the 
cstbedral,  renuived  in  1820.  Tbey 
ilate  from  the  14th  ceot,,  and  are  said 
ti>  be  covered  with  human  skio. 

The  E.  Norm.  Chapter-home,  a  Tery 
carious  decngou  chamber.  5S  fL, 
vaulted,  has  a  central  pier,  with  a  fine 
Beriea  of  bold  intcreecfing  archee.  8. 
ofthecloislerB  ta  the  College  School; 
its  Buperb  13th-cent  haU,  120  ft  by 
38  ft.,  of  Dec.  date,  was  the  refectory  o' 
the  great  Benedictine  mooostery. 

The  Deanery,  once  the  biahop'i 
palace,  N,  of  the  cathedral,  conlaiiL 
a.  flue  ball. 

The  entrance  to  the  College  Green 
promenade  in  by  Edgar't  Tower, " 
cient  fortified  gatehouse.  The 
in  it  are  ni'W  used  as  ofSces  of  the 
D!oce«an  Registry. 

The  castle  Blood  in  this  quarter. 
Tlie  building  has  long  disappeared, 
but  the  line  of  the  wall  may  be  traced 
OD  the  N.  ia  CHstle-streat 

The  GuiWtall.  in  the  High-str^t, 
finished  1723,  is  a  handsome  ex- 
ample of  the  architecture  of  the  reign 
of  Qupen  Anne,  with  5  btatues  of  Jus- 
tice. Peace,  Plenty,  Chobtisement.  and 
Lnboor  on  the  top,  and  thoiie  of  Queen 
Anne,  Charles  I.,  and  Oiarles  II.  in 
niches.  The  lower  room,  IIO  ft.  by 
25  fL,  contains  one  cannon  used  at  the 
battle  oif  Woroeater,  old  armour,  and 
portraits  of  representatives  and  re- 
corders. 

The  Natural  History  Society's  JHu- 
seutn,  in  Foregale-street.  is  open  to 
thepnblic  on  Monday  .Wednesday,  and 
(Saturday  ^m  IV  to  4,  on  payment 
otGd. 

Worcester  has  be<>ii  celebrated  for 
many  yeara  for  its  gloves  and  its  china. 
(The  former  business  is  said  to  employ 
jOOO  persons.  The  Royal  China  Mamt- 
/actoriet  may  be  se.n  every  day  from 
10  to  dark.  They  were  first  opened 
in  1751.)  Alsoforpiittedlampreyaaud 
fish  sauces  (Lea  nnd  Ferrin'aj. 

Fncing  Ihe  Coni-market  ia  a  bouse, 
modernised,  ot'cupit-d  bj  Charles  IL, 
1651.  There  is  a  boaJd  on  it,  in- 
scribed "Feur  flod  (W.  11. 1577,  E.  D.), 
Uonoar  the  King.'' 


The  Coimnafdry.  founded  by  BiiJiop 
Wnlstan  as  a  hospitnl  for  travellers, 
was  rebuilt  temp.  Henry  VIII.  The 
Cnmrnander's  booae  and  great  boll 
(now  used  as  a  onllege  fur  the  blind 
BOOB  of  gentlemen)  are  the  only  ei- 
irting  portions :  of  the  latter,  the  roof, 
minotrela"  gallery,  coved  canopy  over 
the  dais,  oriel  window,  and  Solera  or 
Lords'  room,  are  interesting  remains. 

BarboimK  Church  (St.  Stephen's;, 
1  m.  N.,  erecte-i  1861-2,  in  Deo.  style, 
has  an  effective  interior. 

Great  Malvern  (SUt,).  8  m.  (See 
Great  JHoiBem.) 

Droiltuieh  (Stat).  (|ni.,  ie  an  an- 
cient borongh.  Inn:  The  Oeorge 
(where  hot  salt-water  baths  are  alwats 
ready)— a  timber  bouse  of  the  15th 
cent.,  with  picturesque  ebimneys. 

The  aalt-works  in  Wich  are  very 
ancient,  and  tiiis  epnt  was  evidently 
known  to  the  Eonians,  The  addi- 
tional name  of  Droit  was  not  need 
until  the  14th  oenc.  The  biiue  is  ob- 
tained at  aconsiderable  distance  below 
ibe  snrfaoe  by  sinkir^  through  the 
gypsum. 

Droitwich  has  three  Charchei,  which 
cnnloin  ven  fine  E.-E.  portions,  with 
additions  of  later  date. 

1|  m.  W.  of  Droitwich  is  Wetlwood 
Park  (Lord  Hampton),  the  mansi"n 
built  temp.  Elizabeth  as  a  banquet- 
ing-house.  The  oak  staircase  is  re- 
markable. 

1  ra.  S.K.,  the  modem  Itolian  man- 
ai"n  of  EaiLor  House  (T.  H.  Galton, 
Esq.)  contains  a  valuable  collection 
of  sculpture  and  paintings. 

The  Paridt  Church,  in  oloae  proxi- 
mity to  the  mansiiiD.  is  iu  the  Dec. 
style,  ciro.  a.d.  1370,  and  hu  bein 
restored. 

The  village,  composed  entirely  of 
half-timbered  cottages,  is  remart»bla 
for  iis  picturesque  -rffect. 

'  m.  from  Droitwich  is  the  Btohe 
rka    Stat.       Rnck-solt   is  obtained 
hare  in  grent  quaa lilies. 

Stoke  Prior  Church,  restored,  is  an 
interesting  structure  to  the  antiquary 
and  eootrsiologist,  as  it  eibibits  ex- 
nples  of  every  style  of  English  archi- 
cture  from  E.  Norm,  to  Into  Perp. 
At  Feehenham,  Ti  m.  from  Stoke,. 


WOBEISG  TOS—WORTIIINa. 


189 


thr  TDaniiiacliire  of  needles,  piiiB,  and 
fi^ti-hookB  giiee  emplnimeDt  to  mauj 
hundredB  of  skilli^d  norkpeople. 

Bromtgrove  (Stat),  6  m.  rmm  Droit- 
wiclj.  The  tovn  is  1}  m.  on  1. 
finn:  Gulden  Cto^).  It  conaUta  nf 
one  principal  ittrei't,  containing  mnn.v 
cnriouB  old  hoii£e«,  nith  oraHmeniBl 
gables.  Needles,  dhiU,  fiab-h( 
toue,  and  ver;  coarse  linens  a 
foctured  here.  The  Church,  restored 
hj  Sii  G.  G.  Scott,  is  a  fine  bmlding, 
standing  on  an  elevation,  asot  nded  by 
G'i  steps.  It  has  a  handeome  lover 
and  apire.  IDS  feet  high. 
The  Least  Lampem, 
the  Bize  of  a  i^oose-quill,  in  found  in 
the  ri»ulelB  of  this  yieinitj. 
WoBHELH,  Bee  Bridgnorth. 
'Warkinirton(Cumb.),  Stat., 
L.  &  N.  W.  Bl;.,  Penrith,  Keswick, 
tuid  Whitehaven  Branch.  Jnru:  Gieeu 
Dragon  ;  Slalion.  A  seBport  on  left 
btinlc  of  the  Dement,  and  1  m.  from 
the  sea,  of  rapidly  inoreaaing  impott- 
ance  in  the  iron  and  cool  trades.  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots,  after  ber  defoat  at 
Langaide,  waa  hngpitahlj  received  by 
Haaier  Henry  Fletcher,  a  wealthy 
merchant,  and  entertained  by  him  in 
hia  home  at  Workington.  To  left  cf 
tlietown  the  railway  folluws  tlie  coast 
Une,  paasiiig  through  WldUhaven,i  m. 
S  ,  and  Marypoit,  1  m.  N. 

'VTorkitap  (Notts.)— Slat.  Man. 
81.ef.  «  Line  Kly.  (Jnn;  Lion)— i»  a 
quiet  oonntry  town,  witii  a  consider- 
able trade  in  malting.  In  the  auburb 
of  Badford,  to  the  £.,  is  a  Deo.  gate- 
way, a  relic  of  a  priory  fuuniied  1103, 
The  Ch.  forms  the  nave  of  the  Abbey, 
And  )8  Norm.,  with  Petp.  alterations. 
In  the  chuichyard  are  mius  of  the 
Lady  Chapel.  Monvmmli  to  the  Fur- 
nivals  and  Lovelotd,  ancestors  of  the 
Talbota. 

Eieumbng.— 2  m.  W.  to  Shire- 
ooArs  [Stat.,  Han.  Shet  &  Line.  Bly.l, 
to  the  Doke  of  Newcasile'a  a>l- 
liery,  which  is  1500  feet  deep,  sunk 
throngh  the  Permian  and  mngnesian 
limeEtone.  It  is  a  charming  walk  or 
drive.  12  m.,  to  Mamfidd.  Immedi- 
ately on  leaving  tbe  lown  is  Worksop 
Manor,  purcf        '   '      '      "  ' 


joining  it  is  Wdinck  Abbey,  founded 
temp.  Henry  11.  Abont  1  m.  E.  la 
CItttiJter  Park  (see  Ollerlon).  Imme- 
diately 8.  is  Thoretby,  and  fnrlher  '■» 
Birkland  Foreit  and  Clipdone  (a^e 
also  UUerton).  Much  of  the  excnrsion 
will  he  through  a  group  of  noble 
parks,  which  have  given  to  the  dis- 
trict the  name  of  "  the  Dnkeriee." 
WoHLE,  see  Wefton-euper-Mare. 
Worsley  (Lone),  Stat.,  L.  A  N. 
W.  Rly.  Ian:  Bridgwater.  Woril^ 
Hall  is  the  magnificent  seat  of  tbe 
Earl  of  Ellcamere.  It  is  a  modem 
fiorid  Tudor  building,  with  a  fine 
t«riace  and  garden.  The  Old  Sail  ia 
an  intereating  old  timber  and  plaster 
house,  with  pointed  gables.  NeitLer 
is  open  to  visiforB.  Close  to  the  vil- 
lage of  Worsley  is  the  Catial  Baiin,  and 
entrance  into  the  tool  aorkingi,  which 
extends  for  nearly  6  m.  towards  Bolton, 
The  canal  ia  the  commencement  of 
the  famona  Bridgwater  svatem,  esta- 
blished by  tbe  last  Duke  of'Bridgwat«r. 
under  tbe  engineering  diretliona  of 
£rindley.  Id  tbe  village  is  a  hand- 
some Gothic  Cb.  by  Sir  Q.  Q.  Seotf, 
and  a  court-hnuae  and  library.  Old 
Houses  ;  (a)  Kempnall  Hali,  1  m. 
Bolton  r(«d,  timber  and  plaster, 
with  entrance  gates  (b)  WardUy  Hall, 
quadrangular  timber  and 
pfaafer  hall  of  time  of  Edward  VI. 
WOBBTEA!),  see  Wahham,  North. 
'Worthing:  (Sussex),  Slat.  L.  B. 
S.  C.Ely  .CI  m.  from  London.  Jbus; 
Sea-house  H.;  MarineH.;  SteyneH.;- 
West  Worthing  H.  Thisiaapkaaant 
'atering-placf,  with  good  bathing  ai  ' 


usual  care  has  Seen  given  to  the  water 
supply,  and  to  sanit^y  arrangetncnta. 
The  climate  is  milder  than  that  of 
Brighton. 

The  churolies  of  Broadwater  and 
Sompting  are  within  a  vialk.  Broad- 
Koter,  1  m.  N.,  is  Trans. -Norm.,  cruci- 
form, witb  low  central  tower,  and  very 
Tbere  is  aotne  good  woodwork. 
A  field  pathway  leads  U>  the  church 
of  Sompting,  1  m,  beyond  Broadwater 
(the  keys  should  be  inquired  (' 


4M 


WREXEAM—WTCOUBE.  BIGB. 


most  carerul  examination.  The  lower 
and  part  of  the  exterior  chancel  wall 
<tl;e  E.  end)  tiro  Mid  lo  be  Saxon. 
The  chsDcul  appeals  lo  be  Notin.,  with 
Perp.  windows  iawited.  A  good  pe- 
destrian may  coutiaae  bia  walk  alung 
the  ilowns  to  Cit^mry,  the  liewB  front 
which  ar»  very  fine.  A  epaoe  of  60 
acree  ia  here  enclosed  bya  single  trencli, 
and  a  rampart  of  considerable  width 

Chanctonbary  (see  Shorehani)  lies 
about  3  m.  f^E.  from  Cieaburf.  A 
picturesque  and  pleuaant  carriage  ex- 
ournon  may  be  made  from  Worthing 
to  Chanctoiibury,  Wiston,  and  9tf  yniog 
(see  Sboreham),  by  the  road  leading 
tbTDUgh  the  nairow  pass  of  Ftndan, 

Slorrington,  the  point  for  visiting 
Farham  aod  Amberley  (see  Amherley), 
may  also  be  reached  by  this  road. 

A  Beeond  wiW;  from  Worthing  may 
be  made  to  embrace  Highdown  Hill. 
W.Tarring,aad  Balviu^u  (Highdown 
Hill  mny  be  more  easily  rescbed  from 
the  Goring  Stat.,  from  which  it  is 
diitaat  1  m.  N.W.).  The  Charoh  of 
Tarring  deserves  a  visit.  Some  por- 
tions of  an  archiepiseopal  palace  still 
exist  in  the  national  schoolhonse. 
The  Fig  Orchard  at  Tarring  is  remark- 
able. It  was  planted  in  1145  (report 
eaya  by  Thomas  a'Becket),  andcontuina 
100  treee,  which  prudnce  about  200i) 
dozen  flgg  annnally.  A  field  path  M. 
through  tileoh.-yd.4e»da  to  Salvingtan 
At  the  enlrance  of  8al<iugtun-8lree 
is  IioMet,  tbe  oottage  in  which  Seldcu 
was  bom,  Dec  16,  1584.  From  Sal- 
TiDgtou,  pugging  the  ruins  of  DuTTing- 
tvn  Chapd,  over  Glapham  Common, 
tlie  tourist  reaches  Highdovm  Hill, 
famous  for  the  Miller's  tomb.  The 
view  from  the  hill  is  piuturesque 
full  of  beauty.  The  oottage  on 
N.  side  of  the  hill  is  on  the  site  of  that 
formerly  ooonpied  by  the  Miller.  The 
Clapham  woods  below  the  hill  are 
fine. 

WoKTH  lUATBAVBsa,  Bee  Saaitage. 
WorroN,  see  Dorking. 
'Wbabhbss,  see  Manninglree. 
Whaobv,  see  Wakefield. 
WKEKiN.THE,Bce  F^tBjtonCBalop). 
WhesT.  see  Sheford. 

'Wrexbttui  (Denbigh.),  Btat, 


BuiAin 


^om  Faddington,  1  hr.  from 
Shrewsbury,  and  26  miii.  by  rail  from 
Cheater,  and  included  in  N.  Wales 
New  Circular  Tour  from  Stats,  on  L. 
SN.W.KIy.  ifotel;  WynnalayArms. 
The  ch.  (1470)  ia  one  of  the  7  wondeia 
of  Wales,  and  a  flue  esmnple  of  Perp. 
style.  The  noble  tower,  13.i  ft  high, 
'  I  surmounted  by  n  balustrade,  from 
hioh  spring  4  lantern-shaped  turrets 
f  rich  open  work,  crowning  the  but- 
resBCB,  in  Ihe  niohua  of  which  are 
Atuea  of  30  sainte.  In  N.  aisle 
obaeiTe  monument  to  Uiaa  Myddleton, 
by  RoubiUac,  and  the  grotesque  heads 
lorial  bearings  on  dirbols  in 
le  oh.  is  noted  for  a  veryBweet 
peal  of  bells,  and  the  ch,-yd.  containa 
I  uousual  number  of  quaint  epitaphs. 
Exeartiont. — To  Batkin,  18  m.,  pass- 
ing 1  m.  rt.  Brjmbo  Hall,  by  Mioeia 
"  -.),  and  Llundegla  (9  m.) — see 
To  HoU.  e  m.  K,  prettily  situ- 
the  Dee,  whtoh  is  here  croeaed 
by  a  14th-oent,  bridge  of  10  arches; 
pnsBiug,  rt,  Celn  Park  (Sir  Boger 
Palmer,  Bart.),  and  Llwynon  (J.  Parry 
Jones,  Esq.):  observe  soanty  ruins  of 
castle  (temp,  Edw.  L),  and  red-towered 
eh.  To  Gretford,  U  m.  N.,  sweetly 
situated  in  vale  of  the  Alyn ;  1  m.  1. 
is  Stansty  Hall  (Lor.l  Ffrenoh),  and 
on  rt.  Acton  Hall  (Sir  R.  CuuUffe, 
Bart.),  noted  aa  birthplace  of  Judge 
Jeffreys:  the  ancient  ch.  is  noted  f»r 
ita  sweet  pesl  of  bells ;  observe  carving 
un  screen  and  Btalle,  and  imugas  of 
Knights  Templar  and  of  Henry  VU.  on 
bnwer;  alsu sculptured stimein memory 
of  Gronow  ap  lorwerth  ap  Dafydd. 
To  Eaabon,  13  m.,  passing  Bangui 
Iscoed,  Overton,  and  ErbisWok,  return- 
ing, if  needful,  by  rail  5  m.  (see  SucJxm). 
To  LiungoHen  11  m.  (or  by  rail),  lo 
ElUsmere,  12  m. ;  Mold.  1 1  m. 
WariTLE,  see  Chelmifurd. 
Wboth*m,  see  Sevenoaht. 
Wboxetbb,  see  SkreuAurv. 
Wbost«m  Abbet,  Bee  fanbury. 
'Wycombe,  Hlirli  (Bucks), 
Stat.,  G.  W.  Kly.  34^  m.  from  Lou- 
don, vill  Mairlenbead.  (/nM;  Red 
Lion:FalconH.)  AlittleS.iatbe.dWKy 
(Lord  Oaringtuu) ;  admiaaion  tu  park  on 
week-days :  and  2  m.  N.  isHu;;nendtn 
— lucally  Hitchendon — (Viio.  BeuoiaiB- 


fields  nbera  tbe  Cb.  coniaina   e 


present  building  (in 
reetoratina)  was  ereoled  temp.  Edw.  I., 
excepting  the  tuwet,  wbiofi  was  not 
put  Dp  lili  1522.  A  Urge  oil  painting 
eotirely  conceals  the  chancel  window. 

■Wye  Blver.  The  river  tieeB 
on  the  e.E.  aide  of  Plynliramon  (see 
Llanidioet),  and  after  flowing  throuKb 
the  connties  of  Radnoi,  Bieoknook, 
Hereford,  Monniuutb,  and  UlouoeBtei, 
einpliee  it*elE  into  the  Sorera,  2  m. 
below  the  town  of  Cbepatow.  Tbe 
road  frum  AberyiUirith  to  Bhayader, 
85  m.,  croBBes  tbe  river  about  balf-way 
between  the  2  towns,  and  from  this 
point  to  the  latter  town  (a  station  on 
Mid- Wales  itly..  Hotel :  Bed  Lion),  it 
follnws  tlie  course  of  the  river,  wliioh 
ia  here  a,  mere  iorrent,  deeceodlDg 
throngh  a  valley  bounded  by  steep 
aud  bare  bills.  The  pedestrian  teaches, 
10  m.  from  BUmniit  of  Plynlinunon, 
and  25  ni.  from  Aberyttwith,  the  Bmall 
villat(e  of  Ltangarig,  in  a  lovely  eitoa- 
tion.  Here  a  branch  road  leada  tu 
iianidloee,  5  m.  N.El.  Four  miles  be- 
low this  the  Wye  receivea  the  waters 
of  the  Derriol,  and  3  m.  further  on 
those  of  tbe  little  river  Siari«g,  which 
at  this  point  is  singalaily  picturesque. 

Rhayader,  S  m.,  and  10  m,  from 
Ltanguiig,  is  next  reEuihed.  [From 
here,  7  m.  E.,  are  the  ruins  of  AlAey 
Ciora  Hir,  founded  1143,  by  "Cad- 
watbelon  ap  Madok  for  LX.  mookes  " 
(Cistercian),  Bituatcd  midst  chaniiiug 
scenery.'] 

Suiith  may  be  reached  either  by 
Mid-Wales  Kly.  from  Rhayader  tc 
Builth  Wells  Stat.,  ot.  on  quitting  tbe 
ruina  of  Abbey  Gwm  Hir,  by  road  t,! 
Stats,  on  Knighton  Branch  of  L.  &  N. 
W.  Rly.,  at  Penybont,  ot  Llandriadad, 
9  m. ;  thence  by  rail  to  Builtit  Boad,  2 
m.  from  Builth.  The  mineral  waters 
of  lAandriadod  (Soteli :  Fump  House 
and  Bock  House)  have  been  known  to 
poeseas  effloaoiouB  power  ever  since 
1<>96.  and  the  health-restoring  in- 
fluineps  of  the  place  are  still  much 
sought  attei  b;  the  valetudinaiioo. 


LtanbaJam  Vawr  Church,  '2  m.  from 
PenybuQt  otat,,  posstsses  very  enrly 
Norm,  doorway,  with  some  curious 
cajvingin  the  tympanum.  The  touiiat 
sliould  make  a  halt  at  Builth  (Inn  : 
*  Liou  H.).  Heie  the  bridKe  acmss  the 
Wya  eoQuecta  the  counties  of  Bre- 
DOD  and  Riidnor.  A  fragment  of  the 
N.  wall  alone  remains  of  the  Ca$tte, 
erected  before  the  Conquest.  The 
Park  WdU,  1  m.  from  town,  attract 
msny  visitprB,  for  whom  a  Piuap-ioom 
has  oeea  erected.  Excellent  salmoQ 
and  trout  fishing  may  be  had,  and 
beautiful  excursions  cau  be  made  tu 
Llandewi-r-'aam,  2  m.  S.,  and  to  Cefil- 
y-bedd  and  CWn  LleiceUyn,  between 
the  Yrfbn  and  Chw<.ffrn  rivers,  sacred 
to  everj  Welshman  as  being  the  scene 
of  the  death  and  burial  of  Llewellyu, 
the  last  Prince  of  Wales,  in  1Z82. 
Also  frum  Builth  Wells  Stat,  to  Jber«2ui 
(Stat.),  Hi  m.,  to  see  the  remains  of 
the  castle,  the  highly  picturesque  glen 
of  the  Edw,  and  the  primitive  cliurch. 
iThe  country  round  Builth  also  affords 
many  opportunities  for  the  geologioal 
tourist  From  Builth  Wells  Btet.  to 
Hay,  both  road  and  rail  continue  to 
follow  tbe  oaui«e  of  the  river  almost 
the  whole  way,  passing  through  some 
of  the  most  picturesque  districts  imau  in- 
nble.  Next  to  Aoeredw  is  Encood 
Stat.,  where  tbe  tourist  should  get  out 
and  visit  the  Craig  Pvtll  Ddu,  or  the 
rock  of  the  Black  Pit,  1  m.  from  station. 
A  rather  difileult  passage  round  the 
fuut  of  the  rock  l«tds  to  a  siogular 
waterfall,  about  40  ft.  higli.  lu  the 
glen  the  botanist  will  Hud  mucli  to 
iuterest  him.  In  tbe  oh.-yard  of  Llan- 
•tapban,  i  m.  to  1.,  are  some  maguiflceut 
jew-trces.  At  Three  Coeke  Juitc., 
2S  m.  from  Hereford,  the  Mid-Wales 
Kly.  commences  (Inn,  clean  aud  com- 
fortable, atid  a  fiivourite  resott  of 
anglers).  3  m.  beyr)nd  Glasbury  Stat, 
the  small  town  of  Hay  is  reached  (Inn  : 
Swan),  picturesquely  situated  on  rt. 
bank  of  tbe  Wye.  The  remains  of  tlie 
CusJJe  (temp.  Heu.  H.)  are  lepreaented 
bj  a  Oothio  gateway  end  wall;  the 
Ciiurch,  restored  in  18tl7,  is  worth 
visiting.  The  scenery  in  tbe  neigh- 
bourhood is  very  beautiful,  and  tbe 
pedestrian  shouhl  visit  some  of  thf 


prst(y  dinglas.  auch  as  Ciw^,  at  the 
foot  of  tliS  Bhick  MountiiiDB.  It  is 
about  11  m.  over  the  mountftin  lo 
Llanthony  Abb^  (see  Abergamriny). 
2  or  8  m.  from  Hay  is  CHford  CaUU, 
B  benutil'ul  ruin  on  an  enunence  over- 
looking the  river,  and  the  birihplace 
of  "  Fait  BoBamonii."  The  tunipite 
To.id  to  Hereford,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Vfje,  is  very  interesting,  and  full 
of  quiet  beauty.  From  Hereford  the 
ruilway  (una  in  loving  fBllowsMp  with 
the  Wye  aa  far  aa  Stag  (fine  view  from 
Soyal  Bolel  of  the  horse-shoe  curving 
of  the  Wye),  whence  the  tourist  has 
the  choice  of  continuing  hia 
tj  Monmouth  by  road  (10}  m.), 
or  rail,  in  any  case  following  a  rnuie 
probably  unrivallt'd  for  that  peculiar 
style  of  eceaic  beauty  that  reeiUts  from 
the  mixture  of  rich  and  well  cultivated 


gtasB  luad  with  abrupt  cliffs,  lolty 
hilla,  and  woods  descending  '"  "" " 
water's  edge.     The  viewB  fr 


Eoyal  Hotel  grounds,  and  fioiii  the 
ch.-yard  above,  are  exceed  iogly  fine. 
John  Kyrle,  Pope's  "Man  of  Boss," 
was  buried  in  1724  under  a  blue  stone 
in  fiont  of  the  altar  in  Cb.  Observe 
tablet  to  hia  memory  on  wall,  and  his 
fireaide  cliair  in  cKancel.  Also  monu- 
menta  to  WiUiam  Rudhall  and  wife 
(temp.  Htnty  VIII.),  with  eiquisiteiy 
BOulptured  effigifs;  as  well  as  other 
interesting  monamenta  to  me 
of  aume  family.  Coaches  run  tc 
mouth,  lOJ  m.,  in  summer  time. 

For  the  tour  by  river,  nun 
boats  are  kept  at  the  Dock  Fitch,  and 
public  boats  ply  during  the  summer  to 
Chepstow  and  Cioodrich  Caatle.  The 
charge  from  Rosa  for  boats  with  one 
man  is,  68.  to  Goodrich ;  10«.  to 
Svrooiid's  Yat;  1S«.  to  Monmouth; 
25».  toTintem ;  and  30«.  to  Chepstow. 
A  proportionately  increased  price  for 
la^^r  boats  in  charge  of  2  or  3  men. 
Boats  may  also  be  hired  at  Monmouth, 
The  river  is  tidal  for  about  13  m.,  i.e. 
as  far  aa  Bittaweir,  lialf-way  between 
Bedbrook  and  TiDt«m. 

The  flrat  part  of  the  river  from  Boss 
is  tame,  nnd  there  is  little  worth  at- 
tention till  the  ruins  of  WilUm  Caatle 
appear,  first  ercvtid  temp.  Stephen, 
oA  rebuilt  temp.  Elizabeth.    Thenoe 


I  about  2  m.  ia  Fencraig  Court  (Rev.  W. 
:  Holt-Beever),  commanding  fine  view, 
aud   beyond,   2   ra.,   Goodrieh   Castle 
'  (12th  cent.)  and  Court,  the  latter  tlie 
residence  <rf  Colonel  Meyrick,  whose 
collection  of  aiicieut  ariuour  ia  well 
known.      Kotice  eapeciallv  the  view 
from  the  8.W.  window  of'  the  caslle. 
Here  the  touriat  by  water  loses  com- 
panionship with  the  road,  end  soon 
reaches  Kerne    Bridge  (Stat.),   after 
wbioH  the  ecenery  is  more  diversiUed, 
and  the  spire  of  Baardea-a  Church  ja 
visible.    This  chunh  is  of  early  dale, 
and  baa  a  curiously  aculptured  tym- 
panum on  8.  door,  of  St  0«orge  on 
horsebaok,    in     12th-cent.    coatnroe. 
Lydbrooh  (Slat.)  is  soon  reached — here 
aie  iron  and  tin-plate  works — and  be- 
yond is  C<mrtjield  (C<donel  Vawghan), 
occupying  the  site  of  a  house  iri  which 
Henry  V   is  said  to  have  been  nursed 
by  the  Conntesa  of  Salisbury.     Drop- 
ping down  the  stream  the  tourist  next 
arrives  at  CtAdwell  Rock*,  which  pre- 
sent a  combination  of  river  scenery  as 
fine  as  any  in  Britain.    On  the  opposite 
side  ia  the  hill  of  Somrnary  Topping. 
At  this  point  send  the  boat  round  by 
Whitchurch  (Inn .-  Crown,  much  fre- 
quented by  anglers}  and   HunUham 
iWy,  and .  ascend  "  Symond'i  Tai,"  a 
high  hill  (540  ft.),  for  the  sake  of  the 
view,  unrivalled  for  beauty  and  variety, 
as  well  as  because  the-river  here  talies 
sudden  bend  of  5  m.,  whilst  the  dis- 
nce  across  the  neck  of  Ihe  peninsnla 
-the  interval  occupied  by  Symoiid'a 
at— is   only    6U0   yda.      Eisa.ine  a 
la^e  boulder  of  the  hard  yellow  sn  nil- 
stone,  the  Pennant,  which  rests  upoii 
the  carboniferous  limestoiie,  and  evi- 
dently transported  here  by  some  power- 
ful agency,  such  as  glacial  ai.tion.  The 
scenery   is  equally  beautiful  at  New 
Weir,  the  second  grand  scene  on  the 
Wye,  hemmed  in  by  the  steep  sides  of 
the  Great  Doward.    A  defile,  called 
"  The  Sfaughter."  separatee  Symond'a 
Yat  and  Doward  Hill.      Both  hills 
were  onre  atronglj  fortified  encamp- 
ments of  the  Norsemen.    From  Doward 
it  will  well  repay  the  tourist  to  walk 
to  DeiBckwrdi,  to  see  iin  ancient  fresco 
representing  the  ransom  of  a  bishop 
from  the  Nunemen,  on. the  Ck  wall.. 


WYMOlfDBAM—TARMOnTS. 


Another  turn  of  tbe  tirer  brings  the 

tourist  in  front  of  the  Little  Duwanl, 

and   at  its  Fool  is  ibe  park  of   the 

WynBton  Leys  (— Bftnnennan,  Esq.), 

Boon  after  which  the  liver  ^ia  joins 

fellowship  with   the    turnpike    road, 

and   the  bauke   hence  b>  Moamoath 

(aee>B 

woode( 

of  river  JBatbetbre  teaching  Monmouth 

IB  DixioTt. 

The  course  of  the  river  frota  Mon. 
mouth  to  Chepatow,  17  in.,  paasea,  IJ 
ni.,  PenaUt,  close  to  which  is  Troy 
Smite,  a  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort . 
thence  Bedbrook,  BigmcHT  (at  tbif 
point  the  river  becomes  tidal),  Llan- 
dngo  (see  CSepsfotc),  Bmckweir,  Ti 


t  (the  Ok. 
leadea  Sooi),  and  the  ruins  of  Chepatow 
Castle.  The  Wye  Valley  Ely.,  with 
stationsat  Redbrook,  Bigsweir,Tintern, 
and  Tidenham,  skirts  the  river  nearly 
the  whole  way, 

Wykb  Besis,  see  Weymouth. 

Wylam,  see  Newaastie-on-Tffae. 

AVvMEawoLD,  sue  Loagkboroagh. 

Wymcngton,  see  Bedfird. 

'n^ymondhain,  pronounord 
Windliam  (Norfolk).  Stat.,  G.  £,  Biy. 
(chaogiA  here  lor  E.  Ddreham).  Jitm: 
King's  Head;  Whit«Hatt.  Thistowa 
(from  which  the  Windham  family  took 
its  iiame>  grew  up  round  a  Beuedictioe 
priory,  founded  before  1107.  !□  14itj 
the  priory  was  made  an  ind^pBudBut 
abbey.  The  Ckureh  of  St.  Mary  aod 
St.  Alban,  DOW  the  pariah  vh.,  but 
attached  to  the  abbey,  is  well  worth  a 
visit.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  two 
towers,  one  square  at  the  W.  end,  the 
other  (once  central)  smaller,  and  rising 
into  an  oetBgon.  It  would  seem  that 
the  nave  always  served  as  the  parish 
ch.,  and  that  the  choir  and  other  por- 
tions beyond  it,  always  separated  from 
the  nave  by  a  solid  wall,  formed  the 
oh.  of  the  abbey.  The  W.  or  main 
tower  (built  I41&-11T0)  is  superb.  It 
is  of  flint  aud  stone,  with  slone  shafts 
at  the  angles,  and  octagoaal  buttresseii. 
From  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  ch. -yard  the 
E.  tower,  much  draped  with  ivy,  is 
very  picturesque.    Near  the  ch.  is  the 


Perp.  Chapel  of  Si  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bu]^,  nowused  as  the  grammar  ecbool. 
In  the  Market-place  h  the  old  cross, 
raised  on  three  steps,  and  a  room  above 
it,  buHt  1616,  aud  restored  186;!.  It 
is  octagonal,  of  wood  and  plaster,  sup- 
porled  on  S  wooden  pillars,  with  stone 
bases.  The  floor  aod  the  great  beams 
are  worth  notice.  The  room  serves  as 
a  ieadin)(-rDom. 

2  m.  N.B.  is  Stanjteld  Sail,  a  moated 
Tudoi  bouse,  well  known  as  the  scene 
of  tbe  murder  of  the  two  Jermvs, 
fathCT  and  son,  by  Rush  in  Nov.  1848. 

Near  the  Kimbtrley  Stai.  (3}  m.  on 
the  line  to  E.  Dereham)  is  Kimberley 
BaU  (Earl  of  Kioiberley),  a  modem 
brick  mansion  of  Italian  characler, 
Btauding  in  a  park,  oontaining  magni' 
Scenttrees.  Tho  Carrot  Wood  o/ Oak*, 
rising  from  the.  margin  of  a  lake  of  28 
acres,  is  considered  the  flnest  in  Noi- 
tblk. 

3}  m.  S.E.  of  Eimberley  StatL  is  tbe 
very  fine  C/i.  of  Hingham,  well  deserv- 
ug  a  visit :  and  about  3  m.  beyond  is 
Deopham.  a  line  clj.  with  a  Dec.  nave 
and  a  noble  Perp.  tower.  From  ht^re 
tbe  tourist  inay  c-roas  by  Ellingham  lo 
Ataeborouiih.  2^  m.  W.  of  Hiusbam 
is  aamltoH,,  and  between  this  and  tlia 
village  of  Watlon,  3  m.,  is  Wtuland, 
in  which  tbe  "  lamentable  tragedy  "  of 
the  babes  in  the  wood  is  scdd  to  have 
been  consummated. 

Wyhdoliff,  see  Chepitna. 

Wttham,  see  Oj/orrf  (Eicnrs,). 

Wythbdbn,  see  Graeaiere, 

Tabdlet  Hastings,  see  Abrtftamp- 

Yabmooth  (Hants),  see  Wight,  Isla 

YamiOUtll,  Great  (Norfolk), 
Stat.,  Gt.  Eastern  Bly .  lam :  —  Koyal ; 
*♦  Victoria;  Bath  ;  Norfolk  ;  Quean's; 
fronting  the  beach ;  Star  (one  of 
the  most  remarkable  of  tbe  old  man- 
sions in  tlie  townl,  on  the  Quay ; 
and  the  Angel.  Market-place.  A 
flourishing  seaport  at  tbe  mouth  of 
the  Yaie,  and  the  principal  watering- 
place  for  the  Eastern  Counties.  It  is 
much  overrun  witli  excursionists  during 
the  summer,  aod  those  who  are  in 
search  of  quiet,  aud  of  pleasant  inland 
oountry,  will  do  well   to  avoid  it^ 


491 


nnlesa  they  proceed  to  OorUil^m,  2  m,, 
which  IB  DOW  Rocessible  bj  tmmwaya 
pTfiry  i  hr.  The  chief  attractions,  are 
the  fine  unbroken  expanaa  of  sea, 
and  the  firm  dry  beacb.  At  the  N. 
end  of  the  Parade  is  an  interesting 
j^Tuarfiim.  The  country  is  perfectly 
flat.  Stenmere  run  to  Hull  and 
Newcastle  weekly,  and  to  London 
(14  bra)  thrice  a  week  during  the 
summer.  The  fisheries,  especially 
the  herring  fisbery,  have  always 
formed  tlie  principal  trade  of  Tar- 
mouth.  Mnoli  com  is  exported, 
and  there  is  an  eitensive  foreign 
trade  with  the  Baltic  and  Mediter- 
ranean. The  herring  fiihery  employs 
during  the  season  <  Michnel  mas  to  C  nrist- 
mns)  a  Inrj^e  part  of  the  population 
the  men  in  oatching,  the  women  it 
curing,  the  flsh  and  in  making  and 
mending  the  nets.  In  the  town  an 
at  least  110  herrirui  hoasa,  for  onring 
the  llsb.    The  madierel  fishery  begins 

Yarmouth  consists  of  two  very 
distinct  portions — the  old  town,  lying 
along  the  Quay :  and  the  new  town, 
opening  to  the  parade. 

The  chief  obieota  of  interest  are  the 
Quay  itseir,  with  the  old  bouses  tliat 
line  it  r  tlie  Nelson  Column ;  and  the 
ancient  Cliurcb  of  St.  Nicholas. 

The  Q'tay  is  above  a  mile  long, 
and  from  100  to  150  yards  broad.  It 
is  planted  with  lime  treei,  and 
usually  wears  a  busy  and  cheerful 
aspect,  thronged  with  shipping,  and 
lined  with  handsome  bouses.  The 
3Wb  Ball  on  the  Hall  Quay,  with 
its  portico  of  Tuscan  pillars,  was 
begun  in  1715.  A  new  building  bas 
lately  been  added,  which  contains  the 
obBrtarfl  and  records  of  the  town ; 
and  an  ancient  cheat,  called  the 
"  Hatoh."  in  which  the  Corporation 
formerly  kept  their  valuables  —  its 
huge  iron  hara  and  locks  should  be 
not'ced. 

No.  1.  on  the  South  Qaay  (Imilt 
in  1596),  although  it  has  a  modem 
front,  is  rich  within  in  moat  elaborate 
and  excellent  spedmena  of  Kliza- 
I)ethan  decoration.  Faaaing  the 
Cattom  HfHiie,  we  reach  tba  Qotiera~ 
•tml     BthooU     oj     Savigalion     and  | 


Jieiign,  estobliahed  in  1857.  Taming 
down  the  Queen's-road,  tlie  Royal 
Military  Hotpilal  ia  reached.  The 
Mititia  Banraeta  lie  beyond;  and  in 
front  riaes  the  Neltort  Column,  erected 
by  the  County  of  Norfolk  in  1817-18. 
It  consists  of  a  Doric  pilUr,  144  fL 
high,  crowned  by  a  statue  of 
Britannia.  A  good  view  ia  obtained 
from  the  eammit.  At  the  N.  end  of 
tlie  Market-place  ia  the  Church  of  St. 
NMii^ai.  It  is  anid  to  be  the  longest 
(230  ft.)  parish  church  in  England, 
It  haa,  within  the  last  few  years,  been 
carefiilly  restored,  and  the  whole  inte- 
rior is  now  very  striking. 

Some  picturesque  fr^mento  of  the 
fotni  maUi  remain,  and  in  Fiiara-lane 
are  two  towers  bounding  the  precinota 
of  the  BlackMnts  Honaatery. 

The  modem  portion  of  Yarmouth, 
containing  many  terraces  of  good 
bouaea,  lies  along  the  Harine  Parade, 
facing  the  sea  and  the  "  Roada."  The 
Parade  is  of  great  length  (nearly  3  m. 
I  to  eod),  and  afibrds  an 
excellent  promenade.  The  bathing  ia 
good,  and  the  air  is  said  (o  be  speoiallj 
bracingand  healthy. 

The  Britannia  Pier,  at  the  N.  end  of 
the  Parade,  was  built  in  1858:  the 
Wellington  Pier,  some  diatance  below, 
in  18S4.  Between  them  ia  the  older 
jeUg,  rebuilt  in  1808. 

Tarmouth  Boads  are  tliconly  secnre 
plaoo  of  anchorage  between  the  Humber 
and  the  Themes,  and  are  well  proleclcil 
by  a  line  of  sand-banka  from  tlie  fury 
of  the  North  Sea.  Whole  fleeU  of 
colliera  and  other  coasting-traders 
(sometimes  tVom  800  to  1000  aail)  may 
frequently  be  seen  at  anchor,  aod  ^e 
view  of  vessels  irom  the  jetty  affords  a 
pleasing  marine  picture. 

Excurtiont. — (a)  Burgh  CattU  (Suf- 
folk), 5  m.,  and  2  m.  N.  from  Beltoa 
Stat,  presents  one  of  the  most  perfect 
remains  in  England  of  a  Roman  work. 
It  occupies  a  platform  above  &o 
ostuarj  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
rivers  Yare  and  Waveney.  Of  the 
original  fortification,  the  wall  upon  3 
sides  remains  tolerably  perfect;  it  ia 
about  9  ft.  thick  and  14  6.  high.  It  is 
flanked  by  G  aolid  circular  towers,  of 
whloh  4  are  cm  the  E.  Hide.    One  on 


YABXOUTR—  YEOVIL. 


195 


the  N.  Bide  lies  proettala.  The  prin- 
oipaJ  gateway  ii  on  the  E.  aod  most 
peifeot  side,  (b)  The  Norfolk  Broadi 
nre  so  benaliful  in  tbemselres,  and  iin 
pecoliar.  that  the  stranger  sboold  not 
visit  the  county  without  seeinf;  tlieni. 
Their  average  depth  is  8  fL,  and  most 
are  shallower  still;  sothat  a  greater  area 
ja  covered  by  sedue  and  bulru^  than 
hy  water.  To  the  lover  of  wild  ana 
lonely  scenery  they  are  foil  of  Rttmc- 
lioQ.  The  sportstDsQ  floda  waterfowl 
in  abanduice,  and  the  waters  lite- 
rally swarm  with  flsh  of  large  size. 

The  Broads  of  Filby.  Ormsby  Unit: 
Eel's  Foot,  where  hosts  may  be  hired), 
Burgh,  and  Bollesby  are  anited,  and 
extend  together  over  600  acres.  By 
road  Filby  is  6  m.  from  Yarmouth. 
The  churches  round  this  group  of 
broads  should  be  noticed. 

By  the  Tliume,  or  North  Biver, 
Jlickling,  Heigkam,  Hortej/,  and  Mar- 
tham  briHtds  are  rf ached. 

On  the  Anf,  the  chief  broads  are 
Jriteaii  and  BarUm,  about  II  m.  N.E, 
from  Norwich, ;  both  very  picturesqae. 
Above  the  mouth  of  Ihe  Ant  are  ii'an- 
vnrtk  and  S.  WaUliam  Broada,  on  the 
Bare.  EanwortU  CUvirch,  10  m.  from 
Norwich,  contains  a  reiuarliable  rood- 
Bctreen.  An  excursion  may  he  made  to 
Winterton  <9  m.)  and  Xatiham  [3  m. 
bpyond),  returning  by  Ormaby  Broad. 
At  Winterton  ie  a  Ughthouse,  70  ft. 
high.  The  lofly  tower  of  the  Oh.  (140 
ft)  serves  ns  a  liindnuLrk.  The  Ch.  was 
re-roofed  in  1 637  in  a  somewhat  curious 
fiishion.  In  the  church  Is  buried 
Joseph  Hume,  MJ.,  d.  1855.  The  S, 
porch  is  very  rich  and  beautiful.  Half- 
way between  Winterton  and  Mwrtham  is 
tlieCh.  of  ll'etf&unerton,  in  whioliBome 
very  interesting  mural  paintings  have 
bi^en  discovered.  The  CA.  of  JIf artAam  is 
very  fine.  Ithas  been  restored  (almost 
nbuilt)  by  Urs.  Dawson  at  a  cost  of 
80002. 

Caisler  Cattle.  4}  m.— the  village  is 
S  m. — is  worth  visiting.  It  was  built, 
circ  1450,  by  Sir  John  Faslolfe.  ivhoee 
family  had  long  been  powerful  in  this 
part  of  Norfolk.  Tlie  building  is  said 
to  have  formed  a-double  quadrangle, 
but  only  one  can  be  traced  at  present 
Of  this  the  W.  and  N.  waU,  and  portions 


of  the  E.  well  remain.     At  one  angle 

is  a  graceful  tower  of  brick,  100  ft 
high.  The  whole  is  sorroanded  by  s 
moat.  Forts  of  the  ruin,  especially 
the  round  tower,  grey  with  age,  in 
uoion  with  the  fine  trees  round  ii,  will 
delight  the  artist 

The  distance  by  tumpike-road  from 
Yarmouth  to  Loaetloft  is  9  m.,  and  the 
jonmey  by  direct  railway  occupies  40 
miua.  AToruiicA  may  be  reached  in  50 
mins.  by  train. 

YAVEm^ANu,  see  WigM,  Me  of. 

Yeovil  (Somerset.),  Joint  Stat 
of  the  8.  W.  and  Bristol  A  Eieter 
EljB.  The  main  line  of  the  S.  W. 
Rlf.  from  London  to  Exeter  passes 
near  tlie  town  (Yeovil  Junction  Stat ), 
as  does  the  Weymouth  brnnoh  of  the 
G.  W.  Rly.,  by  Maiden  Newton  and 
Dorchester.  lnn«:  Three  Choughs 
(best);  Mermaid. 

The  Ch.  is  a  very  noble  edifice, 
cruciform  in  plan,  with  slatclv  square 
tower,  90  ft.  high,  at  tlie  W.  end. 
The  nave  is  very  lofly  and  of  fine 
proportions,  with  wide  side  aisles, 
and  a  noble  tower  arcb,  and  good 
dark  cradle  roof.    Under  the  chancel 

a  crypt,  groined  from  a  central 
pillar.  It  is  used  as  a  veatry,  and  ie 
entered  by  a  canopied  doorway,  richly 
groined  in  tlie  head. 

The  George  Inn,   in  Middle-street, 

a  good  specimen  of  an  old  hoslclry. 
he  Caiue  Inn  is  another  ancient 
building.  A  view  of  YeovU  from 
Svmraerhoute  Hill  will  well  repay 
a  walk  of  10  min.  Proceed  down 
Middle-street,  as  Rir  as  South-street, 
wliere  the  Exit-bridge  over  the  railway 
will  letul  yoQ  to  the  foot  of  the  hill. 

Another  view  of  the  town,  with  a 

ore    extended    landscape,    may    be 

obtained  from   the  slope  of  Bal/yton 

HiU,  about  1  m.  on  the  road  to  Sher- 

A  very  charming  excursion  may  be 
made  (preferably  on  foot)  to  Preston, 
Brympbin,  Odcombe,  Montacnte,  and 
Stoke-snb-Hamdon.  Leaving  Yeovil 
at  the  N.W.  angle,  we  reach  in  I  m. 
Proton  Mbey,  as  it  is  called,  a  monaslio 
grange,  still  retaining  in  many  of 
its  building  much  to  interest  an 
antiquary. 


TEOriL—rOSK. 


Brymploti  d'Enenrg,  3  in.  W.  erf 
TeuviJ  oQ  the  road  lo  Moi 
worth  a  yait.  From  the  p(irsonBg:e 
a  striking  uchitectural  group  ia  ~  ~~ 
Ivitig  in  the  hallow  below,  conai 
of  a  large  atalel;  mansioLi,  a  smallet 
liouse.  nnd  the  church,  all  wmthj 
BtteotiTe  stud;.  A  pretty  upluid 
walk  i  m.  frMn  Brjaptoo,  leads  to 
OdeomU,  ft<im  the  cljui«h;ard  of 
which  village  a  moet  extensive  Tiew 
can  be  obtaiaed. 

l\  m.  bejood  Odcombe  briogs  na 
to  Montacute.  Mentaeale  Houtn 
(William  Plielips,  Esq.),  4  m.  on  the 
road  to  B.  Petherton,  is  a  very  im- 
|v>BiDg  and  lieautiful  old  HfamctuTe. 
The  Ch.  belongs  priocipally  to  the 
transition  periiid  between  E.  £.  and 
Deo.  Adjoining  are  the  ruins  or 
Moittaeate  Priory,  consisting  of  somo 
domestic  buildings  and  a  very  fioe 
Purp.  gateway,  wHh  an  oriel  and  bald 
stairoaae  turret.  Above  Montacute 
rise  two  pyramidal  hills,  clothed  with 
wood  to  Weir  summits.  The  E.  is 
Bt  MiehtMTi,  Irom  which  a  splendid 
view  is  ahtained. 

The  road  to  Hamhill  pasaes  the 
very  interesting-  church  of  Stoke-iuh~ 
Samdon.  Beyond  the  ch.  we  can 
tarn  up  a  mad  to  the  1.  and  visit 
Hamdon  or  HamhiU  and  its  Quarries, 
for  centuries  celebrated  £br  their 
building  stone,  tittle  inferior  to  Buth 
stone  in  durability,  and  an  equally 
beautifol  material.  The  pits  are 
Blattered  over  the  hill,  which  they 
pierce  W  a  depth  of  about  1(MI  ft. 
On  the  summit  is  a  well-known 
British  camp,  which  has  been  occu- 
pied and  altered  by  the  Eomaoa.  It 
is  of  about  210  acres,  and  about,  3  m. 
in  oircumteiiince.  A  walk  of  1  m.  across 
the  fields,  under  the  western  slope  of 
Hamhill.  leadi  to  Norlon-iub-HamdBa, 
btautifully  situated  under  the  wooded 
lieights.  The  ch.  is  a  handsome  Perp. 
building. 

At  Trent,  N.  of  Babylon  HiU,  and 
i  m.  from  Yeovil,  Charles  II.  lay 
concealed  for  more  than  a  forlnight 
after  the  hatUs  of  Worcester.  The 
Manor  House  is  now  converted  into 
a  farmhouse,  but  a  portion  of  the  old 
building  is  carefully  preserved.     Tiie 


place  of  Charles  IL's  CDncealmeitt  is 
a  hole  about  9  fL  deep,  under  the 
floor  of  the  cloeet.  where,  tradition 
says,  the  King  slept  The  C*.  is  a  very 
iuteresting  building  (see  Sfcrborne). 

ITork  (Yorksh.)  — Stat.,  N.  E., 
O.  N..  and  Midland  Blys..— 188} 
m.  from  Kings-cross.  The  Midland 
route  from  London  is  via  Leicetiter, 
ShefBeld,  and  Normauton.  Jn»«: 
■•Koyal  Station  H. ;  N.  E.  Ely.  H., 
opposite  tiie  station ;  Abbott's  (late 
8cawin's)  U.,  also  near  llie  station: 
York  H.,  St.  He!  en's-squaie  (central } ; 
Block  Swan,  Cuney-strret  (txpen- 
sive).  York,  the  capital  of  a  county 
wliich  BUrpassee  in  extent  and  wealth 
many  prindpalities  nnd  kingdoms  in 
Kurope,  is  placed  at  tlie  junction  d 
the  three  Ridings,  and  is  situated  on 
tlie  river  Ouse.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
antiquity,  and  was  called  by  the 
Romans  Eboraeam.  The  importance 
of  York  continued  during  tlie  &iion 
period;  and  from  the  time  of  Abp. 
Egbert  (735-766)  until  the  end  of  t)ie 
century,  was  one  of  the  nhief  places  of 
education,  not  only  in  England,  but  in 
Europe.  In  1066  the  great  battle  of 
ISIamfotd  Bridge  was  tbught,  and  it 
was  while  feasting  at  York  after  the 
battle  that  Harold  first  heard  of  the 
landing  of  William  at  Pevens^.  Wil- 
liam at^rwards  entered  the  city  as  its 
master  end  conqueror,  and  built  his 
first  castle  there,  between  the  On;!^ 
and  the  Foss.  A  tearnd  castle  was 
constructed  by  him  on  the  right  bank 
of  tlie  Ouse,  on  the  mound  wliich  still 
bears  the  name  of  the  Bail  HiU.  York 
been  the  scene  of  many  historic 
events,  and  several  of  the  English 
I  were  constantly  here.  Many 
pitrliamenls  were  held  here  under 
Eitward  II.  and  Edward  IH. 

The  great  points  of  interest  are  the 
Minster,  the  ruins  of  St.  Mary's  Abb;.'y, 
with  the  Museum  of  the  Yorkshire 
Pliilosophii-al  Society,  the  city  walls 
and  gales,  and  some  of  the  parish 
churches.  York  MintieT,  which  is  ap- 
proached either  across  tlie  new  bridge 
through  Ckiney-streetand  Stonegete, 
a  perlkps  a  more  widely  extended 
reputation  than  any  other  English 
calheilrul ;  and  although  other  English 


cathedrals  oan  show  portioaa  and 
details  of  better  deaigQ  ^^^  more  deli- 
cate beauty,  it  muBt  be  admitted  that 
few  esoeed  York  Minster  in  digni^ 
and  moBdie  gmndear. 

The  Cathedral  is  osually  entered 
from  the  S,  Iraniept  (ioterior  restored : 
exterior  now,  1876,  under  restoration 


the  Minstei-^ard  frotn  Stonegate.  The 
view  which  is  pioaerited  to  the  viaiiiir 
on  entering  is  without  doubt  the  finest 
in  the  cathedral.  The  greet  height, 
breadtli,  and  length  of  the  whole  tran- 
sept, the  majesty  of  the  &ie  lofty 
lancets whioh  nearly  fill  the  N.  gable; 
the  solemn  light  etruggling  through 
their  ancient  diapered  glass ;  and  the 
great  central  tower  with  ita  unrivalled 
lantern,  which  forms  the  middle  dis- 
lauce,  combine  to  produce  an  impres- 
sion fully  sustaining  the  great  reputa- 
tion of  the  minster. 

Both  the  K.  and  B.  transepts  are 
E.  E.  The  beautiful  window  at  the 
end  of  the  N.  tranaept,  consisting  of 
Are  Tcry  lofty  and  carrow  lancets 
hnown  as  "the  Five  Sisters,"  should 
be  notdced.  The  "Five  Sisters"  are 
filled  with  their  original  K-B.  glass, 
of  Tery  great  beantj. 

The  existing  nave  is  Dec.,  and 
elthoagh  it  can  hardly  be  said  that 
the  work  is  among  the  best  examples 
of  English  Dec,  yet  the  long  loo&i  of 
nave  and  choir ;  the  tower  arches  which 
support  the  lantern :  the  enormous  E. 
window  of  the  choir ;  and  the  solemn 
effect  cf  the  stained  glass  filling  the 
windows  of  nave,  aisles,  and  clerestory, 
^-all  aid  in  producing  an  impression 
of  grandeur  which  is  perhaps  most 
powerful  about  half-vay  up  the  nave, 
Lookii^  westward,  the  great  feature 
is  the  western  window,  with  its  stalely 
rows  of  saints  and  arcbbishopa. 

The  nave  aidei  are  of  great  width 
(30  ft),  and  the  view  np  these  aisles, 
terminating  at  the  eastern  end  of  the 
choir  aisles,  takes  in  the  whole  length 
of  the  minster  |1S6  ft),  and  is  of 
eingolar  beanty. 

The  tlained  glau  in  the  nave  de- 
mands special  examination.  With 
some  few  eiceptions,  the  nave  retains 


its  original  glazing,  the  most  perfect 
and  perhaps  the  most  eiteusive  re- 
mains of  painted  glass  of  the  early 
part  of  the  14th  cent,  of  which  this 
country  can  boast 

The  ClMpltr-lunue  is  entend  from 
the  K  aisle  of  the  N.  transept.  The 
erection  of  this,  the  most  beautiful  of 
English  chapter-houaea,  has  not  been 
recorded.  It  ia  octagonal  in  form, 
each  bay  oontainiDg  a  lofty  window 
with  magnificent  geometrical  tracery 
of  somewhat  late  character.  The 
stained  glass  with  which  the  windows 
are  filled  "  is  of  tbe  time  of  Edward  II., 
and  commencement  of  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.,  and  is  an  extremely 
beautiful  specimen  of  E.  Deo.  work." 

Below,  runs  an  arcade  of  wonderful 
beanty.  It  contains  a  mass  of  sculp- 
ture, wliich  will  repay  the  very  closest 


The  Choir  (Ferp.)  is  entered  through 
the  rich  and  beautiful  atone  rood- 
soreen.  The  visitor  is  first  struck  hv 
the  great  eastern  window,  the  brgesi 
in  England,  tlie  lower  part  of  which 
is  seen  through  the  pierced  altar- 
screen.  The  vast  height  and  width 
of  the  choir  impress  ute  mind  with 
a  sense  of  grandeur.  Other  English 
ohoits  are  more  pictnreegue,  but  none 
is  more  majestic 

The  Crypt  is  entered  trom  the  upper 
part  of  the  choir  aisles.  It  is  of  late 
Norm,  character,  with  massive  piers, 
diapered,  and  having  i  small  shafts 
placed  round  each. 

The  four  great  arches  of  the  Centred 
TotBer,  with  their  huge  piers  and 
c^ilals  of  lea&ge,  are  magnificent. 
The  lanlt  of  the  lantern,  180  ft.  from 
the  pavement,  is  a  rich  lieme.  The 
effect  of  the  whole,  it  has  been  well 
said,  is  "beyond  all  praise."  The 
tower  should  be  asoeudel  tor  the  soke 
of  the  view,  which  is  very  fine  and 
extensive. 

A  good  genera!  view  of  the  exterior 
Is  obtainea  from  the  walk  on  the 
walls.  Of  the  nearer  views  the  best 
are— that  of  the  W.  front,  from  the 
end  of  the  space  belbre  it,  and  that  of 
the  whole  N.  side,  trom  the  lawn  in 
front  of  the  Deanery.  The  famous 
facade  of  the  W,  front  fully  deserves 
2  E 


ita  Tepntatkm.  It  oonmsta  cf  a  centra, 
flanked  b;  two  lof^  towers,  fanning 
Uie  tenninationg  of  the  aislea.  The 
oentral  doorwAy  baa  »a  outer  arah  of 
nuuf  ordera,  gnatlf  enriched.  The 
flue  traceiy-work  in  thii  anih  is  the 
FT  of  Adam  and  Eve,  and  deeervee 


historrof 


N.  bont  U  one  of  the 
featuTM  of  the  Mineter. 

The  view  E.  of  the  ohapter^ionse  ia 
a  very  Sne  one;  the  aboir.  Uie  centnl 
(ever,  and  the  c^ptra-hoose  produce 
a  moat  plctnresqae  and  striking  gronp. 
The  E.  end  of  the  choir  ia  only  second, 
as  a  compotrition,  to  the  W.  ftont,  Ttw 
beat  point  for  eiamining  it  IB  aboat 
half-way  down  the  openiog  before  it. 

Of  toe  archiepiscopel  palace  tin 
01O7  remaiuisg  portions  axe  the  frag- 
meats  of  a  eiouter  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  preoiuels,  and  the  building  now 
lued  aa  the  Chapter -library.  The 
Library  on  three  oaya  of  the  week  ii 
open  to  the  pnblic,  who  may  take 
books  from  it  on  payment  of  a  small 
anaoal  subscription. 

Near  the  W.  front  of  the  Minster  ii 
the  Boman  Calholio  "  Pro-Gathedral," 
CMUpleted  in  1861.  It  oontaina  some 
elahomte  carving  and  good  stained  glaaa. 

Before  tho  Reformation  the  nnnbiX' 
of  Churahei  in  York  was  45 ;  theie  an 
now  only  24.  Ot  these  the  most  im- 
portant aie — 

81.  ii'UMAie-Bdfry,  tn  the  Minster 
Yard.  The  bell-oot  on  the  W.  gable, 
boldly  oorbelled  ont,  should  be  noticed. 
The  iiaiMd  glau  is  temp.  Henry  VIII. 

Hoh  Trinity,  Goodramgate — Deo. 
with  Pe^.  porijoiu,  and  a  plain  Perp. 
tower.  The  E.  window  contains  some 
fine  Perp.  glass  (cira.  1170). 

8L  I^ti,  Walmgate,  connsts  cf 
chancel  and  aislee;  the  nave  was 
destroyed  1T9S.  The  S.  doorway  is 
ridi  Norm.  The  &■  window  contains 
uncommon  tracery  of  flowing  character. 
There  is  mnoh  good  stained  glass. 

81.  Margaret,  Walmgate,  which 
deserves  a  visit  for  the  sake  of  its 
very  rich  Norm,  porch  and  doorway. 

AH  BainU,  Pavement^  is  remarkable 
for  ita  very  graoelol  octagODid  lantern 


at  the  W.  end,  rebuilt  altex  the  old 

St.  Hden't,  Btonegate,  is  dedicated 
to  the  Empress  Belena,  mother  of 
Constanttne  the  Great.  The  octagonal 
lantern  (reetorad)  at  tiie  W.  end  is 
very  strikiDg. 

8L  Martm'i,  Ooney-street,  ia  late 
Perp.,  and  has  been  restored.  The 
bosses  of  the  painted  roof,  and  the  large 
clereetoTj  window,  should  be  noticed ; 
but  the  chief  feature  is  the  stained 
gtase,  which  is  very  rich. 

8t.  Mary,  Castlegate  (reetra^d  by  the 
of  Yorf '  -       -  -      " 


York,  ISTO),  haa  a  fine  Ferp. 


AU  Sainft,  North-street,  is  oike  of 
Uie  most  interestiiuc  churches  in  York. 
Theoater  walls  and  windows  are  chiefly 
Perp.  The  pillars,  arches,  8.  doorway, 
and  [oat  are  E.  E.  The  Btained  glass 
in  Ihis  eh.  is  of  great  beanty. 

St.  Mary,  Bishop  Hill,  tAe  yowger, 
has  a  remarkable  tower,  which  is  pro- 
bably Boion,  built  of  Bomott  stones, 
but  patched  in  mcae  recent  times. 
"  The  two  arches  on  the  E  dde  of  the 
nave  are  very  cnrions." 

St.  MarCin-cwn-GTegory,  Hicktegate, 
has  an  E.-E.  nave  with  Perp.  olere^ry, 
a  Perp.  chancel,  and  some  Dec  win- 
dows. Some  very  fine  Dec  glass 
(mutilated)  ramains  in  the  windows  ot 
the  S.  aisle,  and  In  the  E.  window  of 
the  N.  aisle. 

The  garden  and  grounds  of  the 
TorkAire  PbiloKipAloal  Boeiety  are  on 
the  1.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  about  6  min. 
walk  &om  the  Minster.  Members  of 
the  Society  have  the  privil^e  of  ad- 
"not  introdoaed 
In 

grounds,  which  are  very  pleasant 
and  well  kept,  are  tbe  remains  of 
Si.  Mar^i  Jb&ey,  those  of  the  small 
hospital  of  81.  Leonard,  the  MuUan~ 
Ifular  Tower,  the  moat  perfect  relic  of 
the  Roman  city,  and  the  Mtaaant  of 
Natnral  Histo^  and  Antiqnitiee  be- 
longing to  the  Society. 

Tbe  remains  should  be  vlsiled  in 
dne  order.  Tbehoipitalof  St  Leonard 
is  seen  rt  on  ent^ing  the  grounds; 
but  the  visllor  should  first  examine 
the  JfuJtanfuIar  Ibusr,  a  short  distance 
beyond  it    A  portion  of  tbe  anmeot 


wall  ia  coanectod  with  it  Tlie  lower 
port  of  Uie  tower  nlone  is  Bomau,  the 
upper  port  bdiig  a  mediUTal  addition. 
"The  diameter  of  the  interior,  at 
Uie  base,  ia  about  33  ft.  6  in, ;  the 
plan  coDsists  of  10  siiles  of  a  nearly 
r^pilar  lit-sided  ^;ure,  fbiming  9  very 
obtuse  angles."  rt,  oppoaite  the 
lodge  at  the  entrance  of  uie  groundB, 
are  the  remains  of  81.  ^onariCt 
(origiDally  St  Peter's)  Eo^lal.  said 
to  have  been  founded  by  Athelstaue, 
Te-eetablished  by  the  Conqueror,  and 
rebuilt  by  Stephen.  It  was  one  of 
the  largest  and  best  ondoned  foandu- 
tione  of  its  class  in  the  north  of  Eng- 
land. The  principal  remains  are  those 
of  the  ambulatoiy  or  cloister,  and  of 
the  cfaapel  of  the  iuQnnary. 
PaasioK  the  Museom,  ve  < 
ruins  of  SL  Xaqft  Abbei), 
"    ■  "o  eateblish 


in  YorkBhire  after  the  Oonqoeet 

The  principal  existing  remains  are 
thoae  of  the  AI)bey  Charek,  yerj  late 
B.B.,  or  early  Bee ;  and,  although  much 
neather-wonj,  are  of  considerable 
beauty.  The  W.  front  moat  have 
been  very  fine ;  and  the  leafage  which 
riaee  between  the  shaRa  is  especiaUy 
graceful. 

E.  of  the  Abbey  ch.,  and  se^i  &om 
rounds,  is  a  large  irreenlar  pile  of 


building,  known  a 


e  Ktng't  Mamrr, 


the  National  School  for  Boys. 

In  the  lower  part  of  the  gronnds, 
near  the  river,  is  tlie  ancient  BotpUima, 
cv  guest-hall,  of  the  monaster;;  it 
oooMats  of  an  apper  and  lower  apart- 
ment. In  both  of  these  (which  have 
been  restored)  some  interesting  anti- 

rities  are  arranged,  the  greater  part 
ring  been  found  in  York   or  the 
neighbonthood. 

The  principal  Maeeum  of  the  Socie^ 
is  in  tlie  centre  of  the  gardens.  It  is  a 
Grecian  building  designed  by  WUkint. 
and  contains  a  lecture-ioom,  witb 
apartmeuis  occupied  by  interesting  and 
well-arranged  collections  in  natural 
history,  antiquities,  &c.,  chiefi;  local 
The  geological  coUectioa  is  espe- 
cially good.  In  the  council-nmm  is 
a  large  ooUection  of  Coin*  (only  to 


be  seen  by  special  application  to  the 
Curator). 

The  aiy  WaU».  perfect  nearly 
throughout  their  whole  extent,  have 
been  built  and  repaired  at  many  dif- 
ferent periods.  They  retain  Norm. 
and  E.-£.  portion^  but  are  fbr  the  most 
part  Deo.  (temp.  Edw,  ni.).  The  wait 
round  them  (2j  m.)  is  interrupted  by 
a  ferry  acroes  the  Ouse,  soon  to  he 
superseded  by  a  bridge.  Some  of  the 
best  general  views  of  the  Minster  are 
to  be  obtained  from  Ihe  wbIIb,  The 
whole  scene  is  pioturesqne,  and  recalls 
tbsit  from  the  boulevards  of  some  old 
Flemish  city. 

The  QaUs,  here  called  Ban,  are 
remarkable  features  (rf  the  city,  dating 
for  the  most  part  &om  the  time  of 
Edw.  III.  The  walla  may  bo  osoended 
close  to  any  of  the  gat(»  or  bars,  ex- 
cepting between  Layerthorpe  Postern 
and  Bootham  Bar,  wbete  they  pass 
through  private  property. 

At  Xiayertborpe  the  wall  oeasu.  and, 
crossing  the  bridge,  the  visitor  should 
take  the  out«r  i^d,  beyond  the  Foes 
River,  nntil  he  reaches  the  Bed  rower, 
where  the  wall  begins  again.  Attached 
to  WalmgaU  Bar,  where  the  road  opens 
to  Beverley  and  Hull,  the  harbicaH  or 
outwork  remains.  From  Walmgale 
the  mill  proceeds  to  the  Fishergate 
Postern  adjoining  the  Foss  and  the 
castle.  Crossing  the  Foas  by  a  bridge. 
and  passing  under  the  outer  walls  of 
the  castle,  the  Ouse  is  reached,  and  a 
ferry  leads  to  the  Skeidergate  Postern. 
Immediately  within  Skeldergate  is  the 
Bail  Bill,  the  site  of  the  second  caaQe 
built  by  the  Conqueror.  The  Vielcria 
Bar  is  a  new  portal,  bnilt  in  the  days 
of  Mr,  Hudson,  of  railway  oelebri^. 
We  next  reach  MickUgate  Bar,  the 
moat  important  of  all,  through  which 
paases  the  old  road  to  London  and  the 
south.  Beyond  Uicklegate  the  wall  is 
pierced  for  the  railway.  We  then  reach 
the  Lendal  Bridge.  Then  follows  the 
mnitangulai  tower,  the  S.W.  angle  of 
the  Homan  city,  and  the  round  is  com- 
pleted at  the  neighbouring  Bootham 

Near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  city, 
an  a  tongue  of  land  between  the  Ouse 
and  Uie  Fo»,  stands  the  CattU,  to  be 


600  TO 

aeeu  oolf  by  direct  applioation  to  the 
Oaveinor  oi  by  a  ma^tmte's  order 
(admissico  is  reodol;  giveo  hy  sending 
&  card  to  tha  Ooveraor,  except  on 
SalaTiiayi).  Within  on  area  of  4  acres, 
eacloaed  by  a  mosaive  wall  1100  yards 
in  ciroait  and  35  fL  Mgb,  Etands  the 
Comn^  Gaol,  for  felooa  and  debtors ; 
the  (hnnty  CourU,  where  the  asaizes 
for  the  N.  and  B.  Kiiiinga  are  held; 
and  that  fragment  of  tbe  old  oatrtle 
called  CJiforifa  Tower.  TbUwBathe 
keep  of  the  fortresa,  and  crowns  a  lofty 
monnd.  Ita  form  is  remarkable  (oer- 
toiol;  aaiqne),  oonnating  of  porta  of  4 
cylinders  running  into  one  another. 

Adjoining  the  houiie  of  the  Oovomor 
of  the  prison  is  a  gmatl  room,  containing 
a  remarkable  collection  of  implemaits 
of  crime,  morder,  robbery,  Ac. 

In  the  amall  opening  oalled  HelenV 
Bqaare,  at  the  end  of  Coney-street, 
stands  tlie  Sfaniioa  House;  bdiind  it, 
reaching  down  to  the  riTer,  ia  the 
GnHdiidl,  having  B  stately  Fetp.  Qotbic 
hall,  erected  1446,  divided  into  a  nave 
and  aislea  by  2  rows  of  piers,  with  a 
coanoil-room  at  ita  further  end. 

jffl.  AnOiotiy^i  BaU  or  Ho»pUal,  now 
the  BlHe-eoal  Sehool,  in  Peaeeholm-green, 
will  reward  the  arqhfflologiat  for  his  visit 
St.  WiUiam't  CoUege,  opposite  the  E. 
^rt  <^  tbe  Minster,  was  founded  1460. 
Of  the  original  college  little  remains, 
except  the  entrance  doorway,  Ferp.  with 
carred  bractets  on  each  ade.  Tbe 
building  within  is  chiefly  Jacobean. 
The  stairoase  deserves  notice. 

The  lover  of  trees  andflowewi  should 
visit  Messrs.  Baekhmu^i  gardens,  about 
1^  m.  &om  York,  on  the  roadtoAcomb. 
They  cover  abont  75  acres,  and  are 
among  the  largest  and  moat  important 
norsBcy  gardens  in  this  conntry. 

York  Bacei,  which  ore  of  some  cele- 
brity, take  place  annnally  in  Uay  and 
August  on  Knavesmire,  about  2  m. 
from  the  city.  The  course  ia  one  of  the 
beat  in  England. 

SxcBTiv/ra  (by  rail).  —  ffnarei- 
boTough  (I  hr.)  and  Harrogaie  (1  hr.). 
Baroughbridge(l  hr.  5  nun.)  {7nn  :  the 
Crown).  The  visitor  should  walk  to 
the  bridge  and  the  "  Devil's  Arrows," 
and  then  proceed  to  Jl^ioroagh.  The 
Bo-oalled  Devil's  Arrows  ate  3  rode 


maases  ol  giitstooe  which  have  long 
puzzled  the  brains  of  antiquaries. 
AliffioTough,  aboDt  i  m.  S.,  beyond  a 
doubt  the  Boman  Imiriuni,  is  not  only 
tbe  most  interesting  Koman  station  in 
Yorkshire,  but  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant and  instraotiTe  in  the  kingdoDL 
Tlio  manor,  and  greater  portion  of  the 
town,  ate  the  property  of  Andrew 
LawsOD,  Esq. 

At  the  end  of  the  village,  in  the 
gardens  of  the  Manor-house,  is  the 
"Museum  lenrianum,"  filled  with 
relics  of  the  giesitest  interest  6d.  is 
charged  for  admission  to  each  cottage ; 
and  an  elamination  of  all  the  relics  will 
cost  about  i».  The  principal  remains 
in  the  cottages  are  tesaelated  and  mosaio 
pavemenU,  indicating  the  size  and 
beauty  of  the  ancient  houses.  Of 
these  the  moat  important  are  in  the 
gardens  of  tbe  Aldboroiw;h  Arms. 

2  m.  N.  from  the  Fhiiton  Stat, 
(10  m.),  on  the  Soarborotigh  RIy.,  are 
the  very  interesting  remains  of  Bherif 
Hvtton  GaetU,  built  circ  1140. 

CaHle  Hoieard  (3  m.  from  the  Caatle 
Howard  Btot,  ou  the  some  lino  of  lail- 
way),  the  magnificent  seat  of  the  Earl  of 
Carlisle  (occupied  by  Adminil  Howard, 
created  Lord  Lanerton  in  1874),  is  one 
of  the  finest"  show  places  "in  England, 
and  oontains  a  noble  collection  of  works 
of  art,  •  During  tbe  summer  months  an 
omnibna  rans  from  tbe  milway  statjon 
to  the  Ctutie  Botaard  Bold,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  park. 

Gilling  Gaatle  and  Bievanlx  Abbq/ 
(see  Think)  may  also  be  visited  from 
York.  Tbe  magnificent  Abbey  ChunA 
of  Se&y  may  be  reached  in  |  hr.  by 
railway ;  and  Hoaden  CImreh  may  ba 
seen  on  the  same  day. 


Shorter  Daj/i' 


WaHcia 


(a')  BeilingtoTi  BaB  (2  m.  B.W. 
of  York)  is  an  Elizabethan  mansion 
(restored,  and  partly  rebuilt  by  Yar- 
burgh  Yaibnrgh,  Esq.),  with  a  fine  hall 
containing  some  portraits  of  interest. 

(b)  Biihopihorpe  (2)  m.),  the  ^laoe 
of  the  Aichbisbopa  of  York  since  it  was 
purchased  and  attached  to  the  see  by 
Archbishop  Qmy(]216-1255j,  is  <m  the 


rt.  bank  of  the  Ouae.  Tlie  present  build- 
ing is  of  various  datea ;  in  the  dining- 
room  is  a  serioa  of  portrciits  of  the  aich- 
biahops,  of  considerable  intereat 

(e)  Two  Tory  interesting  obnrohas — 
SlxUon  aad  Nva  Moukton  ;  and  a  thicd, 
Overton,  worth  a  viait — lie  withiD  n 
short  dlslanoe  of  each  other,  N.W.  of 
Yoik.  By  road  Skelton  is  4  m.  &om 
York,  Overton  1  m.  fhao  Skelton,  and 
Nun  Honkton  2  tn.  btm  Overton.  The 
pedeatrian  may,  if  he  prefers  it,  proceed 
to  the  SAipton  Stat  (5i  m.)  on  the  York 
&  Darliu^a  Bly. ;  walk  thenoe  to  Nnn 
MankloQ  (2|  m.),  to  Overton  (2  m.], 
and  to  Skelton  (1  m.).  From  Skelton 
he  can  either  retnm  to  York  (4  m.)  or 
to  Shipton  Stat  (2  mX  \ 

(d)  Mterick  and  8kivm&  may  be 
vieiled  trom  the  Eaariok  Stat  (6  m.\  \ 
JCtariek  Fark  (Lead  Wenlock)  Is  large 


RK.  501 

and  welt-wooded,  but  nearly  level.  Tho 
house  contains  a  few  good  piotnreB. 
On  the  8.  side  is  a  luge  uid  well- 
bud-ont  Italian  garden.  3}  m.  fnan 
Sscrick  is  SkipeWi,  with  its  ancieni 
ciiuroh. 

(e)  At  Stamford  Bridge  (Stat.  9}  m. 
frtnn  York)  we  are  close  to  the  scene  of 
tho  great  battle(Sept.2S,  1066)  between 
Harold  of  England  and  Harald  Hard- 
lada,  of  Norway- 

(/)  The  battlefield  ot  Jlfarrfon  Xoor 
is  7in.  N.W.  fromTork  on  the  Wetherby 
rmd,  or  may  be  visited  iin)mth«Jltar>(D» 
Stat  on  the  railway  between  York  and 
Knaiesborongh. 

YoDLGBEAvB.  See  Emailey. 

Yb  Eifl,  see  CUpmog,  Crieeieth,  and 


A  branch  line  of  i\  m.  ia  now  open  frran  St.  Brtb  Station  (G.  W.  Bailway) 
io  St.  lee*  (see  Penzance).  The  mansion  known  as  Tregenna  Castle,  sent  Rt. 
[vea,  is  opened  as  a  firat-clasa  hotel. 


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