7M 070
No. 1761
HANDBOOK OF THE
2.95-INCH
MOUNTAIN GUN MATERIEL
AND
PACK OUTFIT
(Twenty-five Plates)
JUNE 10, 1912
REVISED SEPTEMBER 15, 1916
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
GIFT OF
No. 1761
HANDBOOK OF THE
2.95-INCH
MOUNTAIN GUN MATERIEL
AND
PACK OUTFIT
( Twenty-five Plates )
JUNE 10, 1912
REVISED SEPTEMBER 15, 1916
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
i.e..
WAR DEPARTMENT,
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE,
Washington, September 15, 1916.
This Manual is published for the information and government of the Regular Army
and National Guard of the United States.
By order of the Secretary of War:
WILLIAM CROZIER,
Brigadier General, Chief of Ordnance.
(3)
849135
CONTENTS.
Page.
List of plates 7
List of equipment , 9
The gun:
Weights, dimensions, etc 11
Nomenclature of parts 11
Serial list of component parts of breech mechanism 12
Description of 12
Mechanism :
Action of . 14
Mounting and dismounting 15
Ammunition 16
Cartridge case 16
Primer 16
Powder charge 18
The projectile 18
Common shrapnel •. 18
Frankford Arsenal combination fuze, model of 1907 M 19
Frankford Arsenal combination fuze, model of 1915 22
Base percussion fuze, medium and major caliber 23
Marking on ammunition packing boxes 23
Blank ammunition 24
The cartridge c ase 24
The primer 25
The charge 25
Preparation of blank metallic ammunition 25
Precautions to be observed 26
Care of cartridge cases 26
Reloading and cleaning outfit 27
Misfires and hangfires 27
Hand fuze setter, model of 1905 M .- 28
Range table, 12^-pound projectile t 29
Hand fuze setter, model of 1912 30
Disassembling and assembling 31
Adjusting 32
Operation ' 32
Care and preservation 33
Range table, 18-pound projectile 34
Subcaliber cartridge 34
Drill cartridge 35
Subcaliber and drill cartridge kit 36
Carriage:
"Weights, dimensions, etc 37
Nomenclature of parts 37
General description of carriage 39
(5)
Detailed description of carriage: Page.
The cradle 39
The buffer mechanism 40
Cradle axis bolt 40
Elevating gear 40
The trail 41
Theaxletree 42
The wheels 42
Dismounting and mounting gun and carriage 43
To fill buffer cylinders , 44
Care and cleaning of parts 45
Sights:
Sight model of 1912 47
Open sight 48
Panoramic sight, model of 1904 49
Panoramic sight, model of 1915 52
Use of the open sight 58
Use of the panoramic sight 58
Care of sights 58
Adjustment of sights 60
Verification of parallelism of line of sight and axis of bore 62
Additional tests 63
Tools and accessories for the gun and Carriage, description 65
The pack harness:
Description 67
Instructions for setting up the aparejo 69
Care of leather 72
The special pack equipment:
Nomenclature 73
Description 73
Tools and accessaries for special pack equipment:
Nomenclature 76
Description 76
Dummy pack 78
Allowance of ammunition 79
General information:
Painting artillery material 80
Oils for artillery material • 81
Repairs for field artillery material 82
Suggestions for care and maintenance of material 83
Supplies in general 84
Method of loading the battery equipment on railroad cars 85
Equipment 85
Statement of total equipment for one mountain-gun battery 86
Index.. 103
LIST OF PLATES.
Faces page.
PLATE I. 2.95-inch mountain gun ". . 11
II. Breech mechanism 12
III. Breech mechanism 14
IV. Projectiles 16
V. Combination fuze and base percussion fuze 22
VI. Handfuze setter, model of 1912 and 1905 M 28
VII. Subcaliber and drill cartridge 34
VIII. 2.95-inch mountain gun carriage 37
IX. Panoramic sight, model of 1904 49
X. Panoramic sight, model of 1915 52
XI. Aparejo, model of 1911, frame, left half 68
XII. Cradle mule 72
XIII. Wheel mule 73
XIV. Trail mule 74
XV. Gun mule 75
XVI. Pioneer tools (roll open) 74
XVII. Pioneer tools (roll closed). 75
XVIII. Blacksmith's roll 74
XIX. Supply mule 75
XX. Saddler's tool kit 74
XXI. Signal mule 75
XXII. Carpenter's tool kit » ..." 76
XXIII. Special pack equipment 77
XXIV. Schaller forge, model of 1910 78
XXV. Blacksmith's tool kit 79
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HANDBOOK OF THE 2.95-INCH MOUNTAIN GUN
MATERIEL AND PACK OUTFIT.
List of equipment furnished by the Ordnance Department pertaining to one mountain
batten/ equipped with 2.95 inch mountain gun materiel.
No. Equipment.
Class.
Section.
4 2 95-inch mountain gun
4 2.9.5-inch mountain-gun carriage equipped v. ith open and panoramic sights
84 Ammunition chests
24 Pack covers for kits
IV
2
8 Pioneer rolls
4 Supply chests
1 Schaller forge and tool chest
79 Pack harness
1
For description, this equipment is divided into the folio wing parts:
Part I. The equipment issued with each gun and carriage —
(a) The gun, ammunition, and accompanying parts.
(6) The carriage and sights.
(c) Tools and accessories for the gun and carriage.
Part II. The packs for one battery—
(a) The pack harness.
(&) The special pack equipment.
(c) The tools and accessories for special pack equipment.
Part III. Allowance of ammunition and targets.
Part IV. General information.
A description of each of these parts, together with a statement of
the total equipment issued to one mountain battery, follows:
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Part I (a). THE GUN, AMMUNITION, AND ACCOMPANYING
PARTS. •
The gun, weights, dimensions, etc.
Weight of gun, including breech mechanism pounds. . 236
Caliber inches. . 2. 953
Total length do. ... 35. 85
Length of bore, including chamber :. ,1 do 31 . 6
Length of rifled portion of bore do. ... 24. 33
Rifling, uniform. 1 turn in 25 calibers, right-hand twist:
Number of grooves 30
Width of grooves inch. . . 23
Depth of grooves do . 023
Capaci1 y of powder chamber cubic inches. . ' 34. 9
f 1 2 5
Wei ;:ht of projectiles. . . pounds. . -Lg'
Weight of powder charge (N. (\ smokeless):
For 12i-pound projectile ounces. . 8
For 18-pound projectile do — . 7
Weight of cartridge case pounds. . 1. 45
Mu/zle velocity:
J 2.1 -pound projectile feet per second . . 920
18-pound projectile do 750
Maximum chamber pressure pounds per square inch. . 18, 000
Nomenclature of parts of gun.
Part. Description or location. Class. Section.
Body With lugs for carrier and piston rods integral
Guide button Screwed into barrel underneath : . .
Eyebolt On rear of barrel, interchangeable with eyebolt on
cradle.
Breechbloclc In breech of gun
Pallet, hardened steel Attached to breechblock with 2 screws
Fixing screw Secures cockjng cam in breechblock
Carrier Pivoted to breech of gun body
Carrier axis pin With split pin fixes carrier to gun
Cocking cam In breechblock
Extractor Pivoted to breech near carrier hinge
Extractor axis pin With split pin fixes extractor to gun
Firing pin In center of breechblock
Firing-pin point Screwed into firing pin
Guide plate On rear of breechblock
Hand lever Pivoted to carrier IV
Hand-lever axis pin With split pin fixes lever to carrier
Hand-lever catch Locks hand lever in closed position to carrier
Hand-lever catch spring ! Actuates hand-lever catch. I
Hand-lever catch pivot Special split pin
Locking bolt .' In a recess in the carrier
Locking-bolt rivet Secures the locking-bolt spring to bolt
Lock ing -bolt spring Actuates the locking bolt
Mainspring Coiled spring in firing pin
Trigger sear Pivoted in carrier
Trigger sear spring Returns the trigger sear to engagement
Trigger, complete, consisting
of--
Trigger Assembled in breech of barrel, left side
Trigger lever With split pin, has an eye for lanyard
Trigger spring Coiled spring on trigger
(ID
' ' " ' v< /""'/ 7 '-list of component parts of breech mechanism.
[Numbers before components refer to numbers shown on Plates II and III.]
Class. Section.
1 . Breechblock
2. Carrier
3. Hand lever ».
4. Firing pin (with removable point) :
5. Mainspring
6. Guide plate
7. Extractor
8. Locking bolt (with spring)
9. Sear (with spring)
9a. Sear stud ,.
9?). Sear bent
9c. Sear safety arm
9d. Sear actuating arm
9e. Sear spring
10. Trigger and spring with trigger lever and split pin
11. Gear segment of breechblock
12. Hand-lever bevel pinion
13. Cocking piece, showing cams IV
14. Studs on firing pin
15. Safety groove in breechblock
16. Groove in breechblock in which projection on trigger-sear safety arm travels during
unlocking
17. Protection on trigger-sear safety arm
18. Carrier axis pin (with split pin)
19 Hand-lever catch (lower portion)
20. Hand-lever axis-pin lugs
21. Hand-lever axis pin (with split pin)
22. Hand -lever stop
23^-Hand-lever catch (with split pin)
24. Hand-lever catch spring :
25. Firing-pin recocking hook
26. Firing-pin bent :
27. Extractor axis pin (with split pin)
28. Short arm of extractor
29. Spring catches for piston rod (with screw, washer, and spring)
DESCRIPTION OF THE GUN.
The 2.95-inch mountain gun is designed for pack transportation
and consequent rapid assemblage to, and dismounting from, its
carriage. The term "gun" is used to include the body of the piece
and breech mechanism. The body is one piece of steel having in
addition to the usual lugs provided for the hinge of a swinging
breechblock two others, at right and left of the breech, for attach-
ment to the piston rods of the carriage. The exterior of the body
for a distance of 8.5 inches forward of these lugs is cylindrical and,
supplemented by two collars of the same diameter formed farther
forward, constitutes the bearing of the gun in the cradle. The
guide button on the bottom of the barrel slides in a groove in the
cradle and resists the twist due to the rifling. The vertical and
horizontal planes passing through the axis of the bore are indicated
on the muzzle by the grooves cut in the metal. Fine threads or
wires may be stretched across in these grooves to make a front
bore sight for use in verifying sights, etc. An eyebolt is threaded
into the body at the breech for lifting the gun.
The breech mechanism consists of the breechblock and cocking
cam, carrier, hand lever, firing pin, mainspring, guide plate, ex-
tractor, locking bolt, trigger sear, and trigger.
REAR VIEW BREECH (CLOSED)
plate
13
Breechblock. — The breechblock locks into the body with an inter-
rupted screw. The center of the block is chambered in front for the
firing pin and in rear for the cocking cam, the latter being separate
from the block for manufacturing reasons only and solidly secured to
it by two lugs and the fixing screw. In the rear face of the breech-
block are cut two concentric grooves and with the partition between
them cut away in two places to allow the projection on the end of the
safety arm of the sear which engages these grooves to pass from one
to the other. On the rear face of the breechblock is a circular toothed
segment which is engaged by the segmental bevel pinion of the hand
lever. There is also a recess on the rear face of the block lined with
a hardened steel pallet into which the locking bolt enters when the
block is revolved sufficiently to disengage the interrupted threads;
the locking bolt then preventing further rotation of the block while
moving with the carrier in and out of the breech.
< (irricr. — The carrier which holds the breechblock is pivoted to the
right side of the breech by the carrier axis pin. It is bored partly
through and threaded to engage the continuous threads at the rear
end of the breechblock. A reduced bore passes through the carrier
and receives a boss on the guide plate. A recess on the inner or
front face receives the locking bolt and its spring, which is secured to
the locking bolt by a rivet ; a recess in the lower hand-lever axis-pin
lug on the carrier engages the hand-lever catch, thereby securing the
hand lever when the breech is closed. On the rear face of the carrier
are two lugs. The hand-lever axis pin passes through holes in these
and through a hole in the guide plate which it secures in place.
Between the two lugs is a slot which embraces the stud on the rear
face of the trigger sear.
Hand lever. — The hand lever is pivoted to the carrier by the hand-
lever axis pin. The handle or grip is recessed to receive the hand-
lever catch, which is pivoted in the hand lever by a large split pin
(hand-lever catch pivot), a leaf spring (hand-lever catch spring) being
seated in the catch to insure its engagement when the breech is closed.
The segmental bevel pinion of the hand lever is concentric with the
axis pin and engages the toothed segment of the breechblock. When
the hand lever has been pulled around on its axis until the breech-
block is properly disengaged, a projection on the hand lever adjoining
the pinion contacts with the rear face of the block and prevents
further rotation of the hand lever. The hand levers that were
manufactured at Watervliet Arsenal are not interchangeable with
those of guns purchased from Vicker's Sons & Maxim.
Firing pin. — The firing pin is a hollow sleeve provided with two
lugs which ride upon the cam surfaces of the cocking cam. A hook,
which extends to the rear through recesses in the carrier and the guide
plate, prevents the firing pin from turning when the breechblock is
14
rotated and makes recocking possible without opening the breech.
Near the rear end of the body of the firing pin the metal is cut away,
forming a bend or notch into which an arm of the trigger sear drops.
The firing-pin point is screwed into the firing pin and is replaceable.
Mainspring. — The mainspring is a helical spring which fits inside
the hollow in the center of the firing pin and into a recess in the
guide plate. The guide plate retains it in place.
Guide plate. — The hand-lever axis pin passes through a hole in the
guide plate, thus retaining it in position. The guide plate is recessed
to receive the mainspring, and recesses on the sides allow the recock-
ing hook of the firing pin and the sear stud to pass through.
Extractor. — The extractor is, pi voted near the carrier hinge on the
extractor-axis pin. At the end of the extracting arms are claws
which engage with the rim of the cartridge. It is actuated by the
carrier striking against its short arm just before the breech is fully
open.
Locking bolt. — The locking bolt fits in a recess in the front face of
the carrier. When the breechblock is fully rotated ready to swing
out, a recess formed in it comes opposite the bolt, which latter, acted
on by its spring, moves forward and locks the block to the carrier.
The locking-bolt spring is secured to the locking bolt by a rivet.
Trigger sear. — The trigger sear is pivoted to the carrier by means
of a stud which fits in a groove in the center of the carrier and is
secured there by the guide plate. Safety during loading is provided
by means of the arm, which has a projection at its outer extremity
which engages in the groove during the period when the breechblock
is being locked. While this projection is in this outer groove the
firing pin is engaged by the sear, so that the firing pin can not move
forward and strike the primer. The sear has also another arm the
outer end of which lies above the trigger lever when the breech-
block is home. The arm has the sear spring attached to it, which
causes the sear to engage the firing pin in the cocked position.
Trigger. — A square shaft on the trigger passes through a square
hole in the trigger lever and is held in place by a split pin. The
trigger is fitted in the breech of the gun ; the trigger lever terminates
in a loop to which a lanyard can be attached. When this is pulled
the trigger revolves, causing the trigger to lift up the arm of the sear
and so release the firing pin from the sear. The trigger is kept in
its normal position by the small spring called the "trigger spring."
ACTION OF MECHANISM.
On grasping the handle of the hand lever the hand-lever catch is
pressed in and its lower extremity thereby moved clear of the recess
in the lower hand-lever axis-pin lug so that the hand lever is ur locked.
On moving the handle to the right the bevel pinion thereon causes the
15
breechblock to rotate. The rotation of the breechblock when being
unlocked causes the, lugs on the firing pin (which can not rotate) to
ride on the surface cams of the cocking cam, thus compressing the
mainspring; when the firing pin reaches the cocked position, the sear
is forced by the action of the sear spring to engage with the firing pin,
and at the same time the lug on the safety arm, which has traveled
along the inner groove, is forced outward to the entrance of the
groove; the threads on the breechblock are now clear of those in the
breech of the gun and at this instant the hand-lever stop bears against
the face of the breechblock and the locking bolt moves forward, lock-
ing the breechblock to the carrier so that the continued motion of the
hand lever causes both to swing away from the breech together.
When the block is clear of the breech the carrier strikes the short arm
of the extractor, causing the latter to eject the empty cartridge case
to the rear.
A new cartridge is inserted by hand, and, on moving the hand lever
to the left, the breechblock (which is still locked to the carrier) enters
the breech and forces the cartridge home. As soon as the carrier
comes against the face of the breech the locking bolt is pressed in,
releasing the breechblock from the carrier, so that the continued
motion of the hand lever causes the block to revolve by means of the
pinion, thus locking it securely in the breech. As soon as the hand
lever is quite home the lower end of the hand-lever catch, actuated
by the hand-lever catch spring, engages in the recess in the lower
hand-lever axis-pin lug. The outer end of the arm of the trigger sear
is now above the trigger, so that on pulling the lanyard (which is
attached to the trigger lever) sharply to the rear, the arm of the
trigger sear is lifted up and the firing pin is released from the sear, so
that moving forward by the action of the mainspring it strikes against
the primer and explodes the charge.
In the event of a misfire the* mechanism can be recocked by placing
the loop of the lanyard over the recocking hook of the firing pin and
pulling sharply to the rear until the sear engages the firing pin and
retains it.
DISMOUNTING AND MOUNTING THE BREECH MECHANISM.
Dismounting. — Remove split pins from the axis pins for hand lever,
carrier, and extractor.
Close the breech and release the mainspring.
Press in guide plate and take out hand-lever axis pin.
Remove guide plate, mainspring, and firing pin.
Replace hand-lever axis pin and open breech.
Take out hand-lever axis pin and remove hand lever.
Press in locking bolt and unscrew breechblock from carrier.
Remove sear, locking bolt, and spring.
16
Take out carrier axis pin and remove carrier.
Take out extractor axis pin and remove extractor.
Mounting. — The assembling of the mechanism is performed in the
reverse order to that of dismounting.
In inserting the block into the carrier the former should be held
squarely against the face in such a position that the slot for the lock-
ing bolt is just under the slot in the carrier for the sear before com-
mencing to screw it in.
AMMUNITION.
(Plate IV.)
Fixed ammunition is used in the 2.95-inch mountain guns, and is
made up with the following types of projectiles:
Common steel shell, 12^ pounds.
Common shrapnel, 12 J pounds.
Cast-iron shell, 12 J pounds.
Cast-iron shell, 1 8 pounds.
No more 18-pound projectiles or cast-iron shell will be manufac-
tured. Shell of future manufacture will be of steel.
The rounds as made up vary in length with the type of projectile
used. The number of each kind to be carried is a matter for regula-
tion by proper authority. Each round is issued with projectile filled
and fuzed. The weights of the projectiles are 12^ and 18 pounds.
The components of one round are the cartridge case with primer,
the powder charge, projectile, and fuze.
THE CARTRIDGE CASE.
The cartridge case (PI. IV) is a solid drawn-brass case 6.58 inches
long; it has a capacity of 34.9 cubic inches and weighs, empty, 1.45
pounds. The head of the case has a projecting flange or rim under
which the lip of the extractor engages. The center of the head is
bored out to form a seat, into which the primer is forced. These
primer seats are first mandreled to near the finished dimensions with
a tapered steel plug to toughen the metal of the cartridge case around
the primer seat and then reamed to finished size. This toughening
is necessary to prevent expansion of the seats under gas pressure and
consequent loose fit of the primers in subsequent firing. The primers
are inserted in the case by the small primer-inserting press to avoid
injury to the primer seat. Special decapping tools are also issued for
use in removing exploded primers from cartridge cases.
THE PRIMER.
To insure the ignition of smokeless-powder charges in cartridge
cases it is necessary that the primers either contain in themselves, in
addition to the percussion composition, an auxiliary charge of black
FLATLET.
COM. STEEL SHELL A?j LB5. .
;: ^=^= t £Jtf>.r£ifZE//y/3IL1CE/53e>C<.'./H \\
17
powder, or that an auxiliary charge of such powder be placed at the
rear of the cartridge case to communicate the flame from the per-
cussion primer and thoroughly ignite the smokeless powder. The
percussion primer, known as the "110-gfain percussion primer,"
contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition
to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
The U110-grain percussion primer" is shown in Plate IV, and con-
sists of a brass case resembling in shape a small-arms cartridge case.
The head or rear end of the primer case is countersunk, forming a
cup-shaped recess, in which is seated the cap or percussion primer
proper. The latter consists of the cup, the anvil, and the percussion
composition, assembled as shown on Plate IV. The percussion com-
position is known as the "H-42" mixture, and contains the following
ingredients :
Per cent.
Chlorate of potash 47. 206
Tersulphide of antimony 30. 829
Flowers of sulphur 21. 965
The percussion-cap recess is connected with the interior of the
primer case by a small vent. The body of the case contains 95
grains of black powder, constituting the rear " priming" or igniting
charge for the smokeless powder. This black powder is inserted
under a pressure of 30,000 pounds per square inch, and is pressed
into the primer body around a central wire, which is then withdrawn,
leaving a longitudinal hole the full length of the primer. Eight
radial holes are drilled through the primer and compressed powder,
affording 16 vents for the free exit of the black-powder flames. After
filling the case the front end is closed by two cardboard wads, the
end being crimped over the wads and the inside of the mouth covered
with shellac. The radial perforations in the body of the case are
covered by a tin-foil wrapper *to retain in the case any loose black
powder, as well as to exclude all moisture.
In action the blow of the firing pin explodes the percussion cap,
which ignites the black powder; the flames of the latter shoot out
through the vents in the primer case and ignite the smokeless-powder
charge.
The primer just described is known as the "110-grain percussion
primer," and is used only with smokeless-powder charges. A shorter
primer, known as the " saluting primer percussion," is issued by the
Ordnance Department for use in blank cartridges. The percussion
elements and the dimensions of the seat in the cartridge case for both
types of primers are identical. The primer charge of the saluting
primer consists of 20 grains of loose rifle powder, held in place by
a paper wad shellacked in the mouth of the primer case. The "20-
grain saluting primers" are issued in hermetically sealed tin boxes,
61714—16 2
18
25 in a box. Th.3 boxes should not b3 opened nor the cases prim ( d
until shortly before they are required for use.
The small primer-inserting press is provided for inserting bo\.
types of primers, which must be carefully pressed, and not hammered,
into their seats in the cartridge cases. Special deCapping tools are
also issued for removing old primer cases from cartridge cases with-
out injury to the latter.
THE POWDER CHARGE.
The powder is a nitrocellulose powder composed of single perforated
cylindrical grains. In making up the cartridges, a brass diaphragm
is placed in the mouth of the case on top of the powder charge and
soldered fast, thus holding the powder charge, in the rear position
of the cartridge case in contact with the primer.
Smokeless powder must not be used for blank charges, For that
purpose the Ordnance Department furnishes special powder for
saluting purposes.
THE PROJECTILES.
The projectiles used in this gun are the 12J and 18 pound cast-iron
shell, 12^-pound steel shell, and the 12^-pound shrapnel.
The 12J-pound steel shell is 10.2 inches long. It has a capacity of
15.56 cubic inches, with fuze in place. It contains a bursting charge
of 0.756 pound of T. N. T.
The medium-caliber base detonating fuze is used in this shell.
The 12^-pound cast-iron shell (PI. TV) is 10.18 inches long, weighs
12 J pounds loaded and fuzed, has a capacity of 14.47 cubic inches, a
bursting charge of 6.88 ounces of black powder, and is provided with
a base percussion fuze, medium and major caliber.
The 18-pound cast-iron shell (PL IV) is 14.34 inches long, weighs
18 pounds loaded and fuzed, has a capacity of 20.69 cubic inches, a
bursting charge of 9.92 ounces of black powder, and is provided with
a base percussion fuze. Medium and major caliber shell of future
manufacture will be of steel, loaded with high explosive and fuzed
with detonating fuzes.
The manufacture of 18-pound projectiles has been discontinued.
COMMON SHRAPNEL.
The common shrapnel (PL IV) is a base-charged shrapnel fitted
witli the 21-second combination fuze. The case is of steel with solid
base. The rotating band is forced into an annular groove cut in the
case 1.2 inches from the base. The front or mouth of the case is
closed by a steel head, screwed in and tapped to take the service com-
bination time and percussion fuze. The bursting charge is composed
19
of loose black powder, covered by a steel diaphragm. The diaphragm
supports a brass central tube which extends forward to the fuze,
and thus affords a conduit for the flames from the fuze to the bursting
charge. At the lower end of the central tube a stopper of dry gun-
cotton is fitted to prevent the loose powder charge from getting into
the tube and also to help ignite the bursting charge. The shrapnel
filling is composed of 212 balls, each approximately 167 grains in
weight. They are approximately 0.5 inch in diameter and are poured
around the central tube and rest upon the steel diaphragm, the inter-
stices containing a smoke-producing matrix.
In action the case is not ruptured upon the explosion of the burst-
ing charge; the head is stripped and the balls are shot out of the case
with an increasa of velocity from 250 to 300 feet per second.
FRAXKFORD ARSENAL COMBINATION FUZE, MODEL OF 1907 M.
This fuze consists of the following parts:
•a Body, bronze.
of Stop pin, brass.
b Closing cap, brass.
b' Vents in closing cap.
c Upper time-train ring, Tobin bronze.
c' Washer for time-train ring, graduated,
felt cloth.
d Time-train ring, graduated, Tobin
bronze.
d' Washer for body, felt cloth.
d2 Rotating pin, brass.
e Concussion plunger.
ef Concusbion-resistance ring, brass.
g Vent leading to upper time train.
h Compressed -powder pellet.
j, Upper time train, compressed powder.
j Compressed -powder pellet, in vent
leading to lower time train.
j' Compressed-powder pellet in lower
time-train vent.
k Lower time train, compressed powder.
I Brass disk locked in place.
m Compressed -powder pellet in vent o.
o Vent leading to magazine.
p Powder magazine.
q Percussion plunger.
r Percussion primer.
$ Vents leading from percussion primer
to magazine.
u Bottom closing screw, brass.
v Washer for closing screw, muslin.
w Washer for closing screw, brass.
The body a of this fuze is machined from a bronze forging. The
time-train rings c and d are turned from hard-rolled rods of Tobin
bronze. An annular groove in the shape of a horseshoe is milled in
the lower face of each of the time-train rings. Meal powder is com-
pressed into these grooves under a pressure of 68,000 pounds per
square inch, forming a time train, the total length of which is 9
inches.
The time element of this fuze is composed principally of the fol-
lowing parts : The time or concussion plunger e, the concussion-resist-
ance ring e' , the firing pin, the vent g, leading to the upper time
train, the compressed-powder pellet 7i, the upper time train i, the vent
j, the lower time train ~k, the compressed-powder pellet m in the vent
o, leading to the powder magazine p.
20
The plunger e is cylindrical in shape and contains the percussion
composition in a recess at its base. The weight of the plunger rests
upon the concussion-resistance ring er , which keeps the primer from
contact with the firing pin. At discharge of the gun the resistance
of the ring is overcome and the primer is exploded by contact with
the firing pin.
As stated above, the annular grooves into which the meal powder
of the time train is pressed are in the shape of a horseshoe, a solid
portion being left between the ends of the groove in each ring or
disk.
The upper time-train ring c is prevented from rotating by pins
which are halved into the fuze body and the inner circumference of
the ring.
The vent g is drilled through the walls of the concussion-plunger
chamber, and is exactly opposite -a hole in the inner surface of the
upper time train leading to the end of the train from which the direc-
tion of burning is anticlockwise.
The hole j is drilled through the upper face of the lower time-train
ring d to the end of the lower time-train groove, from which the
direction of burning is clockwise. The lower time-train ring is
movable and is graduated on its outer edge in a clockwise direction
from 0 to 21.2, each full division corresponding to one second time of
burning in flight; these divisions are subdivided into five equal
parts corresponding to one-fifth second. A radial pin d2 is provided
in the lower ring for engagement with a notch in the fuze setter for
setting the. fuze. A line on the lower flange of the fuze stock is the
datum line for fuze settings.
The vent o is drilled through the flange of the fuze stock to the
powder magazine p, and leads to the same end of the lower time train
as the vent j — -that end from which the direction of burning is clock-
wise— when the fuze is at its "zero" setting.
The action of the fuze as a time fuze is as follows :
Assuming the "zero" setting, at discharge of the gun the time
plunger arms and fires its primer. The flame from the primer
passes out through the vent g, igniting the pellet Ji, the end of
the upper time train i, down through the vent j, to the end of
the lower time train Jc, and thence through the vent o to the mag-
azine p, the flame from which is transmitted to the base charge
in the shrapnel. It will be seen that for the "zero" setting of
the fuze the origins of both upper and lower time trains are in
juxtaposition. Assume any other setting, say 12 seconds: The vent
j has now changed its position with respect to the vent h, leading
to the beginning of the upper time train, and the vent o, leading to
the powder magazine p, both of which points are fixed by the angle
subtended between the 0 and the 12-second settings. The flame
21
now passes out through vent g and burns along the upper time train
in an anticlockwise direction until the vent j is reached, where it
passes down to the beginning of the lower time train and burns back
in a clockwise direction to the position of the vent o, whence it is
transmitted by the pellet of compressed powder m to the powder
magazine p.
For the 21.2-second setting the vent /, leading to the beginning
of the lower time train, is opposite the end of the upper time train,
and the end of the lower time train is opposite the vent o, leading
to the powder magazine. It will now be seen that to reach the
magazine p and burst the shrapnel the entire length of time train
in both rings must be burned.
As already stated, the annular grooves in the lower face of each
ring for the powder trains do not form complete circles, a solid por-
tion being left between the ends of the grooves in each. This solid
portion is utilized to obtain a setting at which the fuze can not be
exploded, known as the " safety point. "
This point is marked by a line on the outer edge of the movable
time train, surmounted by an "S" and is located about halfway
between the zero mark and the 21.2-second graduation. When this
point is brought opposite the line on the lower flange of the fuze
body the vent j is covered by the solid metal between the ends of the
upper train, and the vent o, leading to the powder magazine p, is
covered by the solid metal between the ends of the lower or movable
time train.
At the safety setting it will be seen that the upper train may burn
entirely out in case of accidental firing of the time plunger, or in
case it may be desired to burst the shrapnel by impact or percussion
without the flame being able to reach the magazine p.
The cloth washers c' and d* are glued to the upper face of the
graduated time-train ring and to the upper face of the flange on the
fuze stock. These surfaces are corrugated, as shown, to make the
washers adhere more strongly. The function of the washers is to
make a gas check and prevent premature action of the fuzes.
The compressed pellet j', in the vent leading from the outside to
the beginning of the lower time train, is to release the pressure of the
gases due to the burning train. The gases from both time trains
escape into the outer air through the annular spaces shown in the
illustration and the vents 6' in the closing cap.
The percussion element of this fuze as shown in the plate consists
of a percussion plunger q and an ordinary percussion primer r.
The system of vents s through the walls of the fuze shown in figure 1
conduct the flame from the percussion primer to the magazine p.
The bottom closing screw closes the percussion-plunger recess and
keeps the powder in the magazine. The muslin washer v is coated
22
with shellac and held in place by the brass washer w, over the outer
edge of which a projecting lip is crimped.
These fuzes are issued assembled in shrapnel. For transportation
the fuzes should always be set at the safety point.
The fuze is provided with a waterproof hood of thin brass, her-
metically sealed. The hood should be stripped off before an attempt
is made to set the fuze.
FRANKFORD ARSENAL COMBINATION FUZE, MODEL OF 1915.
[Plate V.]
The fuze consists of the following parts, assembled as shown in the
drawing :
a Body, steel.
of Stop pin, brass.
6 Closing cap, steel.
67 Vents in closing cap.
c Upper time train ring, Tobin bronze.
cf Washer for time train ring, graduated,
felt cloth.
d Time train ring graduated, Tobin
bronze.
d' Washer for body, felt cloth.
d2 Rotating pin, brass.
e Concussion plunger.
e/ Concussion resistance ring, brass.
/ Concussion firing pin, brass.
/' Safety pellet, compressed powder.
f2 Safety cap, brass.
g Vent leading to upper time train.
h Compressed powder pellet.
i Upper time train ring, compressed
powder.
j Compressed powder pellet in vent
leading to lower time train.
y Compressed powder pellet in lower
time-train vent.
k Lower time train compressed powder.
I Brass disk, locked in place.
m Compressed powder pellet in vent o.
o Vent leading to magazine.
p Powder magazine.
q Percussion plunger, brass.
q/ Percussion plunger sleeve, brass.
q~ Restraining spring, brass.
r Percussion primer.
s Vent leading from percussion primer
to magazine.
t Percussion firing pin, German silver.
u Bottom closing screw, brass.
v Washer for closing screw, muslin.
w Washer for closing screw, brass.
w/ Bottom closing screw disk, paper.
The time element of this fuze is exactly like that of the model of
1907 M, the time-train rings and concussion plunger being the same
and the closing cap the same, with the exception that it is made of
steel for the model of 1915, where in the model of 1907 M it is made of
brass.
The action of the fuze as a time fuze is exactly like the model of
1907 M, described previously.
The action of the fuze as a percussion fuze is as follows :
When the gun is fired, and the concussion or time plunger e fires its
primer, the flame besides passing through the vent g and igniting
the upper time train, also passes through the four holes in the con-
cussion firing pin /and ignites the safety pellet/7. When this burns
out completely, the percussion plunger q is free to move forward in its
sleeve q', carrying the percussion primer r with it.
PL ATE 'Y
21 SECOND COMBINATION FUZE-MODEL OF IQI5.
F/Q. 1 FIG. £.
*
/
BASE PCRCU5SION FUZE. MfO/UM A HO MAJOR C/tLIBfK.
36-23-33
23
The restraining spring q2 prevents the percussion plunger from
creeping forward during the flight of the projectile and on impact
the plunger flies forward, overcoming the resistance of the spring
and the primer is exploded by the firing pin t. The flame passes
through the vent s to the powder magazine p. The paper disk wf
keeps the powder in the magazine from entering the percussion
plunger cavity.
BASE PERCUSSION FUZE, MEDIUM AND MAJOR CALIBER.
[Plate V.]
The fuze consists of the following parts assembled as shown in the
drawing:
a Body, brass. j Plunger brass.
6 Closing cap screw, brass. k Plunger housing, brass.
c Primer shield, brass.
d Primer body, brass.
e Primer disk, paper.
I Firing pin, brass.
m Firing -pin fulcrum, steel.
n Safety pin, brass.
/ Primer closing screw, brass. o Safety-pin spring, brass.
g Reinforcing charge, loose shrapnel
powder.
p Restraining spring, brass.
q Restraining-spring housing, brass.
h End closing disk, brass.
The plunger / is provided with a slot to receive the firing pin I,
which is mounted on the fulcrum m and kept in the unarmed position,
figure 1, by two safety pins n, in recesses on opposite sides of the
plunger and held in the hole in the firing pin by the tension of the
springs o. These springs are designed to suit the velocity of rotation
of the particular projectile in which the fuze is used. The centrifugal
force due to the rotation of the projectile forces the pins outward
against tho tension of the springs and releases the firing pin, which
is rotated by the same centrifugal force into its armed position,
figure 2. The entire plunger and housing is held to the rear by two
springs p, pressing on the closing screw . through the housing q.
MARKING ON AMMUNITION PACKING BOXES.
Both ends and sides of the box are marked with conspicuous
characters to facilitate the rapid identification of tho ammunition
contained therein. The conspicuous marking consists of the follow-
ing symbols:
42.95G
The ordnance escutcheon is always in red for mobile artillery
ammunition. The numerals 2.95 refer to the caliber and the letter
G to the gun. The numerals 2.95 and the letter G are in yellow for
common shrapnel, black for common steel shell, and blue for blank
ammunition.
24
In addition to the conspicuous marking, the quantity and type of
ammunition are indicated without symbols by the marking "4 fixed
common shrapnel," etc., so that in case one is not familiar with the
conspicuous marking system he can immediately ascertain the key
by this additional marking.
Also on both ends and sides of the box the "Lot" followed by a
number appears. This refers to the ammunition lot, and in case of
any trouble arising with regard to the functioning of the ammunition,
this lot number should be quoted in the report.
On the sides of the box in addition to the marking described is
found a pictorial stenciled symbol indicating the type of projectile
and the fact that the ammunition is fixed.
When shot is packed the conspicuous marking is as follows :
I2.95Z3
The entire marking in this case is black. The numerals 2.95 refer
to the caliber, the letter "Z," zone, and the numerals 1, 2; or 3 follow-
ing the "Z," the fact that one zone, two zones, or three zones are used.
On the top of the box near one end is starTTped a general description
of the contents, as "Ammunition for cannon with explosive projec-
tile/' when the projectiles are of the explosive typo, as sholl or shrap-
nel: "Ammunition for cannon with empty 'projectiles/7 for shot; and
"Ammunition for cannon without projectiles/' for blank ammunition.
To one side of this stamping appears the saal of the post where packed
and the inspector's stamp.
BLANK AMMUNITION.
Blank metallic ammunition is for use in salute firing, morning and
evening gun firing, maneuver firing, etc., and consists of the follow-
ing components : A brass cartridge case, a percussion primer, a charge
of black powder, cloth powder bags, and a tight-fitting felt wad.
The powder charge is contained in a cloth bag, which is placed in
the case after the primer is inserted and then the wad is inserted and
sealed. This is to prevent any powder from leaking out in the
event of the dislodgement of the wad, due to rough handling in trans-
portation or jolting in the caissons and limbers.
THE CARTRIDGE CASE.
The cartridge case for blank ammunition is identical with the
service cartridge case. Cartridge cases are issued unprimed, and
primers should not be inserted until the ammunition is to be prepared
for use.
Cartridge oases that have become deformed in service should be
turned in to the posts or arsenals designated in current orders for
resizing and re-forming.
THE PRIMER.
The saluting primer (percussion) is used in the preparation of
blank metallic ammunition. The primer should be a tight fit in the
primer seat in the cartridge case, and must be pressed into place
with the primer-inserting press provided for the purpose, and not
hammered in. No primer should be used that is not a tight fit in its
scat in the case.
Cartridge cases should be primed just before the insertion of the
powder charge, and under no circumstances will primers be inserted
after the powder charge has been inserted.
Primers are issued in hermetically sealed tin boxes, which should
not be broken open until the primers are to be used, as they deteriorate
when exposed to atmospheric influences.
THE CHARGE.
The charge to be used in the preparation of blank metallic ammu-
nition for the 2.95-inch mountain gun is 1 pound 2 ounces of saluting
powder.
PREPARATION OF BLANK METALLIC AMMUNITION.
Blank metallic ammunition will be assembled at posts or in the
field under the personal supervision of a commissioned officer, who
will be held- responsible that it is prepared in the manner prescribed
in orders.
For this purpose there are issued blank-cartridge cases, black pow-
der in bulk, cloth powder bags, tight-fitting felt wads, rubberine
or other quick-drying paint, prmiers, etc.
When saluting powder is issued in bulk for use in blank cartridges,
the bags should be requisitioned for separately and should be sepa-
rately invoiced.
Before assembling, the cartridge cases should be carefully inspected
to see that they are in sound condition and thoroughly clean and dry.
They should also be tested by trying them in the gun, to determine
whether they have become deformed. Any cases that do not readily
enter the chamber in the gun or that are otherwise seriously deformed
should be laid aside for resizing. After inspecting the cartridge cases
the blank ammunition should be prepared as follows:
(a) Insert the primers with the primer-inserting press.
(&) Pour the proper weight of powder into the cloth bag and tie
up the mouth of the bag with string. Before inserting in the case,
see that the opening in the bottom of the bag is free to allow it to
settle around the primer.
In tying the bag, use no more string and leave no more cloth in
the "choke" than necessary and place the bag in the case with the
"choke" end toward the mouth of the case.
26
(c) Insert the felt wad and press it .down hard until it rests squarely
on the powder charge.
(d) Give the upper surface of the felt wad and the inside of the
cartridge case just above the wad a good coat of the rubberine or
other quick-drying paint furnished for the purpose, using a brush,
and allow the case to stand until this coat is dry. Then apply
another coat of rubberine paint in a similar manner. The object of
using rubberine paint, which is strongly adhesive, is to thoroughly
seal the joint between the wad and the case and at the same time to
firmly hold the wad in place.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED.
Firings with blank metallic ammunition will be greatly facilitated
by a careful observance of the following:
Before all firings a careful examination should be made of the
assembled rounds to see that the felt wads have not become displaced
or the cartridge cases dented or deformed by careless handling. If
the cartridge cases have been properly resized and are clean, no diffi-
culty should be experienced in inserting them in the gun, provided
the chamber of the latter is clean. The continued insertion of car-
tridge cases that are hot clean causes an accumulation in the gun
chamber which may make the insertion of subsequent rounds difficult
or impossible.
In firing blank ammunition the gun chamber will -be sponged after
each round with a damp sponge, to extinguish sparks and remove
powder residue resulting from the previous round, before the inser-
tion of another round.
Care will be taken to see that the sponges are not worn and that
they thoroughly fit the chamber. The interval between rounds in
firing blank ammunition should be sufficient to allow thorough spong-
ing of the chamber and examination to ascertain that all sparks have
been extinguished.
Wads for the preparation of blank metallic ammunition are made
to tightly fit in the cartridge case. No wads should be used that are
not a tight fit in the case
CARE OF CARTRIDGE CASES.
As soon after firing as practicable the exploded primers should be
removed from the cartridge case by means of the decapping tool
furnished with the reloading outfit. The case should then be thor-
oughly washed in a strong solution of soft soap and soda to remove
all powder residue. It should then be thoroughly dried.
Before firing a salute with blank metallic ammunition all the
cartridges to be used should be inserted in the gun to ascertain if they
will fit. In preparing ammunition for salutes, a few rounds in addi-
tion to the required number should be prepared for use in case of
misfires. Lightly oiling the outside of cartridge cases just before use
will facilitate their insertion and extraction.
If the cartridge cases are carefully cleaned and washed immediately
after firing, not only will less labor be required, but the life of the
cartridge case will be greatly prolonged.
A good solution for washing cartridge cases may be prepared by
using ingredients in the following proportions: 1 gallon of water,
2^ ounces soft soap, 5J ounces soda. The mixture should be boiled
and stirred until the ingredients are entirely dissolved.
In washing cartridge cases this solution should be used hot and in
sufficient quantity to completely immerse the cases.
Neither acids nor solutions of acids will be used for cleaning car-
tridge cases.
THE B.ELOADING AND CLEANING OUTFIT.
This outfit consists of the following parts, and is furnished to
each battery and to each post where saluting is necessary:
Primer-inserting press, small/
Bushing.
Powder measure, saluting
Decapping tool, with guide.
Cleaning brush.
Glass V, Section 5.
Hammer, bronze.
Case holder.
Case-holder stand.
Storage chest.
The bushing is used in the primer-inserting press for the insertion
of new primers.
The decapping tool and case holder and stand are used for remov-
ing exploded primers from the cartridge cases. A light blow on the
rod with a piece of wood or the bronze hammer generally removes
the primer.
A powder measure to suit the saluting charge for the gun is fur-
nished, and when level full holds the required charge.
The cleaning brush is furnished for cleaning the cartridge cases
after they have been used and should be ordered to suit the size of
case for which intended.
MISFIRES AND HANGFIRES.
" Misfires" and "hangfires" are of exceedingly rare occurrence with
this ammunition. In case of the failure of the cartridge to fire when
the trigger is pulled, the breechblock should not be opened until after
the expiration of at least one minute. The gun may be immediately
recocked without opening the breech mechanism and the cartridge
tried again. Defective cartridges and primers should be reported.
28
THE HAND FUZE SETTER, MODEL OF 1905 M.
[Plate VI.]
The fuze setter is a device for rapid and accurate setting the fuze
for various ranges and heights of burst. Two hand fuze setters in
leather cases are issued for each gun.
The names of the parts of the hand fuze setter and the manner in
which they are assembled are shown in plate.
While the rate of burning of different fuzes of the same lot will be
found uniform, it may vary slightly from that upon which the fuze
setter range-ring scale is based. The amount of this variation at
different ranges must be determined by trial and allowed for. This
allowance, with correction for error in determining angle of site, etc.,
and regulation of height of burst of shrapnel, is made on the cor-
rector scale. In use the battery commander indicates the corrector
reading desired. Should the height of burst of the shrapnel not be that
desired, it is increased or diminished by increasing or decreasing the
corrector-scale reading on the fuze setter. When the height of burst
has been adjusted for one range, the range may be increased or
diminished in order to sweep the ground in depth without altering
the corrector.
A new design of corrector scale with sliding index has been adopted
and will be issued to replace all of the old design. In use, the range
and corrector setting having been ordered, the sliding index is set at
the designated corrector setting and the graduation line corresponding
to the range is set opposite the fiducial edge of the index. This will
require that whenever the corrector or range is changed the fuze
setter must be undamped and a new setting made.
To use the hand fuze setter, loosen the clamp screw, set the range
ring at the range and correction ordered, and clamp; remove the
waterproof cover of the fuze; place the fuze setter over the point of
the projectile and turn in a clockwise direction until the rotating pin
of the fuze engages in the notch provided for it; then press firmly
down on the fuze setter and continue to turn in a clockwise direction
until the stop pin in the fuze setter engages with the fixed stop pin
in fuze body and prevents further rotation. Especial care must be
taken to rotate the fuze setter in a clockwise direction.
The hand fuze setter should be disassembled from time to time
and thoroughly cleaned and oiled. To disassemble: Remove the
corrector-scale mechanism, unscrew the clamp screw, remove the
clamp shoe; remove plug; unscrew the base from the case; with-
draw tne range-ring carrier, with range ring and handle, from the
case. Clean thoroughly, oil, and assemble in reverse order.
29
For setting the 15-second combination fuze, a number of which
are still in the service, a suitable punch is provided. With this punch
a hole is made through the cover, time train, and lead cone of the
fuze at the point corresponding to the number of seconds desired.
Range table for 2.95-inch mountain gun.
PROJECTILE, 12£ POUNDS. MUZZLE VELOCITY, 920 FEET PER SECOND.
!
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Deflection for
cross \vind,
10m. p. h.
4
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Terminal ve-
locity.
Maximum or-
dinate.
Values of "(V
Values of ^
Yds.
0 ,
Yds.
Yds.
Yds.
Yds.
Sees.
Mils.
Mils.
0 ,
I on—
f.s.
Feet.
100
13
5.0
2.2
0
0.1
0.3
0.02
0.05
20
144.5
914
1
200
33
5.0
4.4
0
.2
.6
.05
.10
40
76.4
908
2
300
53
5.0
6.6
.1
.3
.9
.09
.15
1 00
51.3
902
4
400
1 13
5.0
8.7
.2
.5
1.2
.14
.21
1 20
38.2
896
7
500
1 33
5.0
10.8
.3
.8
1.6
.2
.27
1 40
30.4
890
11
600
1 53
4.9
12.9
.4
1.1
1.9
.3
.32
2 00
25.3
884
16
700
2 14
4.8
14.9
.5
1.5
2.3
.4
.38
2 21
21.6
878
22
800
2 35
4.7
16.9
. 7
1.9
2.6
.4
.44
2 42
18.8
871
28
900
2 57
4.6
18.8
.9
2.4
3.0
.5
.50
3 4
16.5
865
36
1,000
3 19
4.5
20.7
1.1
3.0
3.4
.6
.56
3 26
14.6
859
46
2.328
0.617
100
3 41
.4
22.5
1.3
3.8
3.7
.7
.63
3 48
13.2
852
57
200
4 4
.3
24.3
1.5
4.7
4.0
.9
.70
4 11
12.0
845
68
300
4 27
.:;
26.0
1. 8
5.8
4.4
1.0
.77
4 34
11.0
838
80
400
4 51
.2
27.7
2.2
7.0
4.8
1.2
.85
4 58
10. t
831
94
500
5 15
.2
29.3
2.7
8.4
5.2
1.3
.93
5 22
9.4
824
109
600
5 39
4.2
30.9
3.3
9.9
5.5
1.5
1.02
5 46
8.7
816
125
700
6 3
4.1
32.4
4.0
11.6
5.9
1.6
1.11
6 10
8.1
809
142
800
6 27
4.1
33.9
4.8
13.5
6.3
1.8
1.20
6 34
7.6
802
161
900
6 52
4.0
35.4
5.8
15.6
6.7
2.1
1.30
6 59
7.1
794
182
2,000
7 17
3.9
36.8
6.9
17.9
7.1
2.3
1.41
7 24
6.7
786
205
1.877
.765
100
7 43
3.8
38.2
8.1
20.4
7.5
2. 6
1.52
7 50
6.3
778
229
200
8 10
3.7
39.6
9.5
23.0
7.9
2.9
1.63
8 17
6.0
770
254
300
8 38
3.6
40. 9
11.0
25.7
8.3
3.2
1.75
8 4o
5.7
762
281
400
9 6
3.5
42.2
12.6
28.5
8.8
3.5
1.88
9 13
5.4
754
310
500
9 35
:*. t
43.5
14.3
31.4
9.2
3.9
2.01
9 42
5.1
746
342
600
10 5
3.3
44.7
16.1
34.4
9.6
4.3
2.14
10 12
4.8
'738
376
700
10 36
3.2
45.9
18.0
37.5
10.1
4.7
2.28
10 43
4.5
729
413
800
11 8
3.1
47.1
20.0
40.7
10. G
5.1
2.42
11 15
4.3
721
452
900
11 41
3.0
48.2
22.0
44.0
11.0
5.6
2.56
11 48
4.0
713
494
3,000
12 15
2.9
49.3
24.1
47.5
11.5
6.1
2.70
12 22
3.8
705
539
1.587
.905
100
12 50
2.8
50.4
26.2
51.1
12:0
6.6
2.84
12 57
3.6
696
587
200
13 26
2.7
51.5
28.8
54.8
12.5
7.1
2.98
13 33
3.4
688
638
300
14 3
2.7
52.6
31.1
58.6
13.0
7.7
3.12
14 10
3.2
680
692
400
14 41
2.<>
53.7
33.5
62.5
13.5
8.3
3.26
14 48
3.0
672
749
500
15 20
2.5
54.7
36.0
66.5
14.0
8.9
3.40
15 27
2.9
665
809
600
16 00
2. ,',
55.7
38.6
70.6
14.6
9.5
3.54
16 7
2.7
658
873
_
700
16 41
2.4
56.7
41.3
74.8
15.2
10.2
3.68
16 48
2.6
652
941
800
17 23
2.4
57.7
44.2
79.0
15.8
10.9
3.82
17 30
2.5
646
1,014
900
18 6
2.3
58.7
47.3
83.3
16.4
11.6
3.96
18 13
2.3
641
1,093
4,000
18 51
2.2
59.6
50.6
87.6
17.1
12.3
4.11
18 58
2.2
636
1,179
1.426
1.007
100
19 38
2.1
60.6
54.1
91.9
17.7
13.1
4.25
19 45
2.1
632
1,271
200
20 27
2.0
61.6
57.8
96.3
18.4
13.9
4.40
20 34
2.0
628
1,369
300
21 18
1.9
62.6
61.7
100.7
19.0
14.7
4.55
21 25
1.9
625
1,473
400
22 10
1.9
63.5
65.8
105. 1
19.7
15.6
4.70
22 17
1.8
622
1,583
500
23 4
1.8
64.5
70.1
109.5
20.4
16.5
4.84
23 11
.7
619
1.699
600
24 0
1.8
65.4
74.6
114.0
21.1
17.4
4.99
24 7
.7
617
1,821
700
21 57
1.7
C6.3
79.2
118.5
21.8
18.3
5.14
25 4
.6
615
1,948
800
25 56
1.7
67.2
83.9
123.0
22.5
19.3
5.28
26 3
.5
613
2,280
900
26 57
1.6
68.1
88.8
127.5
23. 3
20.3
5.44
27 4
.4
612
2,317
5,000
27 59
1.6
69.0
93.9
132.0
24.1'
21.3
5.58
28 6
.3
611
2,360
1.421
1.010
30
HAND FUZE SETTER, MODEL OF 1912.
[Plate VI.]
The hand fuze setter is provided for the same purpose as the hand
fuze setter, model of 1905 M. Plate VI shows assembled and sectional
views and designation of parts. The principal parts are the case, the
range-index mechanism, range mechanism, correction mechanism, and
guide plate.
The case forms a housing for the movable parts and provides seats
for the worm cases and the index bar. The slot cut in the top of the
case limits the movement of the projecting segment of the corrector-
scale support, which carries the corrector scale. The serrated rim
forms a handle for turning. The arrow engraved upon the top and
the lower center edge of the case coincides with the graduations of the
corrector scale. Two oil-hole screws are located in the case directly
under the serrated rim on both right and left sides and identified by
the word "Oil."
The range-index mechanism consists principally of the index bar,
range index, index plunger, and index spring. The index bar is
retained in its seat, located in the case directly above the range ring
and corrector scale, by two index-bar screws, and forms a slide for the
range index. The V-shaped notches in the index bar are marked
with numbers 1, 2, and 3, with the word "Zone." The range index
sliding upon the index bar is held in position by the index spring,
forcing the index plunger into the V-shaped notches of the index bar.
The range mechanism consists principally of the range ring, range-
ring carrier, worm, worm case, worm-adjusting screw, and worm
knob.
The correction mechanism consists principally of the corrector
S3ale, corrector-scale support, worm, worm case, worm-adjusting
screw, and worm knob.
The range ring is located upon the range-ring carrier by a steel
dowel pin and secured in position by three range-ring screws. The
ssale is graduated for a range of 4,900 yards, least division is 50
yards, and numbered every 500 yards.
The data for graduating the range ring is computed from actual
corrected firings, and then corrected for a suitable height of burst of
3 mils. The graduated surface is sandblasted and lacquered.
The corrector scale is mounted upon the projected segment of the
corrector-scale support and secured by two corrector-scale screws.
On this scale is graduated 120 equal divisions, 50 minutes apart,
numbered every 10 divisions. Graduation numbered 30 is the nor-
mal or zero position, and is indicated by an arrow. The word " Turn' '
and an arrow engraved upon the corrector scale indicates the direc-
tion the fuze setter must be turned when setting a fuze. A pointer
31
is riveted and soldered to the top of the corrector scale in a certain
position to coincide with the graduated line on the closing cap of the
fuze.
The range-ring carrier is seated in the corrector-scale support. The
worm teeth mesh with the threads of the worm on the right side of
the fuze setter. The slot, which is cut in the bottom side of the
range-ring carrier, engages with the rotating pin in the graduated
time train ring of the fuze. The interior is conical in shape, to suit
the exterior of the fuze.
The corrector-scale support is held within the case by the guide
plate. The worm teeth mesh with the threads of the worm on the
left side of the fuze setter. The movement of the corrector-scale
support is limited in both directions by the slot in the case. The
stop pin is secured in the interior of the corrector-scale support by
the stop-pin screw, and engages with the fixed stop pin in the body
of the fuze to limit the movement of the fuze setter.
The worms are mounted eccentrically in the worm cases, which,
when turned, provides an adjustment to take up the wear between
the worm teeth of the range-ring carrier or corrector-scale support
and the threads of their respective worm. The worm cases have
screw-driver slots at their rear ends, which are provided for adjust-
ing, and are locked in position by the worm-case clamp plugs, which
are secured by the worm-case clamp screws. The worm-adjusting
screws have fiber washers fitted in their ends that bear upon the
collars of the worms for taking up end motion and to provide suf-
ficient friction to resist accidental turning. A screw-driver slot is
located at their front end for adjusting. The worm-adjusting screws
are locked in position by the worm-adjusting screw clamp plugs
which are secured by the worm-adjusting screw clamp screws. The
worm knobs are secured to the worms by taper pins. The exterior
of the worm knobs is straight knurled to facilitate turning. The
guide plate is screwed in its threaded seat in the bottom of the case
and retained in position by the guide-plate lock screw.
DISASSEMBLING AND ASSEMBLING.
To disassemble, remove the index-bar mechanism, which is held in
place by two index-bar screws. Take out the three range-ring
screws and the two corrector-scale screws and remove the range ring
and the corrector scale. Remove the guide-plate lock screw and
unscrew the guide plate, using a teat wrench. To remove the worm
knobs from the worms, drive out the taper pins. Loosen the worm-
adjusting screw clamp screws, which release the worm-adjusting
screw clamp plugs. Remove the worm-adjusting screws. The
worms can now be removed by turning. The corrector-scale support
32
and range-ring carrier can then be removed. To remove the worm
cases, loosen the worm-case clamp screws, which release the worm-
case clamp plugs.
Assemble in reverse order.
ADJUSTMENT.
Backlash or lost motion may appear between the collars of the
worms and the fiber washers endwise; between the worm teeth of
the range-ring carrier or the corrector-scale support and the threads
of their respective worms.
To remove the end backlash, loosen the worm-adjusting screw
clamp screw, which releases the worm-adjusting screw clamp plug;
then turn the worm-adjusting screws clockwise, using a screw driver r
until the end play is removed and there is sufficient friction to prevent
accidental turning of the worms. The worm- ad justing screw clamp
plugs must be firmly clamped after adjusting by tightening the
worm-adjusting screw clamp screws, which secures the worm-adjust-
ing screws against rotation.
Should backlash appear between the worm teeth of the range-ring
carrier or the corrector-scale support and the threads of their respec-
tive worms, it can readily be removed by loosening the worm-case
clamp screws, which release the worm-case clamp plugs, and then
turning the worm cases, using a screw driver in the slot at the rear
end, in which the worms are eccentrically mounted, so as to bring
the worms in closer contact with the worm teeth. The worm-case
clamp plugs must be firmly clamped after adjusting by tightening
the worm-case clamp screws which secures the worms cases against
rotation.
OPERATION.
First. Turn the worm knob, pinned to the worm and located at
the front-right side of the fuze setter, until the desired range on the
range ring registers with the range index.
Second. Turn the worm knob, pinned to the worm and located at
the front-left side of the fuze setter, until the graduated line on the
corrector scale, which indicates the desired correction for height of
burst, registers with the engraved arrow on the case.
The graduation, numbered 30 and indicated by an arrow head, is
the normal height of burst under normal conditions. A decreased
reading on the corrector scale decreases the height of burst and in-
creases the range, and increased reading increases the height of burst
and shortens the range.
To set a fuze, remove the waterproof cover, place the fuze setter
over the fuze and turn until the slot in the bottom of the range-ring
carrier engages with the rotating pin in the graduated time train
33
ring of the fuze. The guide plate and conical interior of the range-
ring carrier will then rest upon the fuze. Turn the fuze setter clock-
wise, as indicated by the arrow on the corrector scale, until the stop
pin fastened to the corrector-scale support engages with the, fixed
stop pin in the body of the fuze and further motion is prevented.
The pointer, which is attached to the top of the corrector scale,
should register with the graduated line on the closing cap, to indi-
cate that the stop pin of the fuze setter and the fixed-stop pin of
the fuze are in contact. This pointer is added as the graduated time
train ring of the fuze has tendency to stick or to bind to such a de-
gree as to indicate that the stop pin of the fuze setter and the fixed-
stop pin of the fuze are in contact.
Cards for recording the results of tests of the fuze setters are fur-
nished by the Ordnance Department for each size of gun, howitzer,
or mortar, on which computed problems of inspection are given as
indicated below. The examples given below are for 2.95-inch
mountain gun. The cards for other calibers are similar.
Range
ring.
Corrector
scale.
Computed
fuze
settings.
Fuze settings.
Measure.
Error.
0
2000
3750
4900
30
4
45
30
0
7.84
13.43
20.95
To check the fuze setter, set the range ring and corrector scale to
that tabular readings. Set the fuze with the fuze setter and compare
the results with the computed setting in the table. Use shrapnel
and not a drill cartridge in making this test. When the range index
registers with 0 on the range ring and the corrector scale at 30, the
fuze is set at 0, and will explode immediately on leaving the gun.
When setting a fuze to explode on impact, set the range index at S
and the corrector scale at 30.
CARE AND PRESERVATION.
The interior of the fuze setter can be oiled by removing the oil-hole
screws; the locations are identified by the word "oil."
61714—16 3
Range table for 2.95-inch mountain gun.
PROJECTILE, 18 P0I?Ni?S. MUZZLE VELOCITY, 750 FEET PER SECOND.
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100....
22
3.5
2.5
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.09
OvOI
29
118.5
749
2
200...
51
3.5
5.0
.0
.2
.6
.2
M
58
59.3
748
7
300....
1 20
3.5
7.6
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.3
1.0
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.62
1 ;T7
39.5
747
12
400....
1 49
3.4
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1.4
.4
1 56
29.4
746
18
500....
2 19
3.4
12.7
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!04
2 26
<, ^- 4
745
24
600....
2 49
3.3
15.2
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2.1
.6
.05
2 56'
JS. 4
744
81
700....
3 19
3.3
17.8
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1.0
2.5
.8
.06
3 §&
1&5 .
743
3'S
800....
3 50
3.2
20.3
.4
1.2
2.9
1.0
.07
3 57
14,4
741
46
900
4 21
3.2
22.9
. 5
1.5
3.2
1.2
.09
4 28
n,i
7O
56
1,000....
4 52
3.1
25.4
. 6
1 8
3.6
1.4
.11
4 59
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7*3
67
j S.S16
0.232
100....
5 24
3.1
28.0
.7
2.1
4.0
1.6
.13
5 31
10.3
73$
£1
200...
5 56
3.1
30.6
.9
2.5
4.4
1.8
.15
6 3
9.4
73-£
95
300....
6 28
3.1
33.2
1.1
2.9
4.8
2.1
.17
6 35
8.6
7$2
112
400....
7 00
3.0
35.8
1.3
3.3
5.2
2.4
.20
7 7
7.9
72^
130
500....
7 32
3.0
38.4
1.6
3. 7
5.7
2.8
.23
7 39
7.3
727"
ioo
600....
8 4
3.0
41.0
1.9
4.2
6.2
3.2
.26
8 11
6.8
724
i?2
700....
8 37
3.0
43.6
2.2
4.8
6.6
3.6
.30
8 44
6.4
722
m
800....
9 10
2.9
46.2
2.5
5. 4
7.0
4.0
.34
9 17
6.0
719
2^£
900....
9 43
2.9
48.7
2.8
Q. 1
7.5
4.4
.38
9 50
5.6
716
25tf
12,000....
10 16
2.9
51.2
3.2
6.9
8.0
4.8
.43
10 23
5.3
713
280
•v471
.3781
100...
10 50
2.8
53.6
3.6
7.7
8.5
5.3
.48
10 57
5.0
710
311
200....
11 25
2.8
56.0
4.1
8.6
9.0
5.8
.54
11 32
4.7
707
344
300....
12 1
2.8
58.3
4.6
9.5
9.5
6.4
.60
12 8
4.4
704
379
400....
12 38
2.7
60.6
5.2
10.5
10.0
7.0
.67
12 45
4.2
700
416
.500....
13 16
2.7
62.9
5.8
11.6
10.5
7.7
.74
13 23
4.0
697
456
•600....
13 55
2.6
65.1
6.5
12.8
11.0
8.4
.82
14 2
3.8
693
499
700....
14 34
2.5
67.3
7.3
14.0
11.6
9.1
.90
14 41
3.6
689
545
800...
15 15
2.4
69. 5
8.2
15.3
12.1
9.8
.98
15 22
3.4
686
594
900 .
15 57
2.4
7L6
9.2
16.7
12.6
10.5
1.06
16 4
3.2
6S2
647
3,000....
16 40
2.3
73.7
10.3
18.3
13.2
11.2
1.14
16 47
3.1
678
703
3.954
. 523
100....
17 24
2.3
75.7
11.5
20.0
13.8
12.0
.23
17 31
2.9
674
763
200....
18 10
2.2
77.7
12.8
21.8
14.3
12.8
.32
18 17
2.8
671
827
300....
18 58
2.1
79.7
14.2
23.7
14.9
13.6
.42
19 5
2.7
667
895
400
19 48
2.0
81.6
15.8
25.7
15.5
14.5
.52
19 55
2.5
663
968
500....
20 39
.9
83.5
17.5
27.8
16.1
15.4
.62
20 46
2.4
660
1,046
600....
21 32
.9
85.4
19.3
30.0
16.8
16.3
1.72
21 39
2.3
656
1,129
700....
22 37
.8
87.2
21.2
32.4
17.4
17.3
1.82
22 34
2.2
652
1,218
800....
23 24
.7
89.0
23.2
34.9
18.1
18.3
1.92
23 31
2.1
648
1,313
900
24 23
.7
90.8
25.3
37.4
18.8
19.4
2.02
24 30
2.0
645
1,414
4,000....
25 24
.6
92.6
27.5
40.0
19.5
20.5
2.12
25 31
1.9
641
1,521
3.087
.670
100...
26 27
1.6
94.4
29.8
42.7
20.2
21.6
2.23
26 34
1.8
638
1,634
200....
27 32
1.5
96.2
32.2
45.5
20.9
22.8
2.34
27 39
1.7
634
1,753
SUBCALIBER
VII.]
The sulfoealiber Cartridge is used jfaf subcaliber practice, ft .cffMsts
of a .30-caJUber subca^ber barrel 17, flinches long, mounted1 axiMly
in a bronze subcaliber cartridge case, &&d resembles in weight aM
Exterior dimensions the ammunition regtferly used with the gun.-
The breech end of the subcaliber barrel is shewed into the base of
^t/foe subcaliber .cartridge, while the muzzle end!- is threaded to take
'the o^iva'l-^ha,pe,^. head, which accurately fits tie bore at the Iront
end of tthe :aufe^liber cartridge case and is capable of longitudinal
35
motion to allow for expansion of the barrel. Two flat steel extractor
springs are each assembled to the base by an extractor-spring screw.
During subcaliber practice the extractor of the gun will be removed
in order to prevent the breechblock from defacing the base of the
subcaliber cartridge. The subcaliber cartridge is inserted and pushed
home in the gun. The subcaliber cartridge, caliber .30, is then
inserted in the chamber of the subcaliber barrel until its rim comes
in contact with the extractor springs. The breech of the gun is
closed, the face of the breechblock coming in contact with the sub-
caliber cartridge, caliber .30, shoves it to its seat, compressing the
extractor springs. When the breech is opened the extractor springs
throw the case of the subcaliber cartridge, caliber .30, far enough to
the rear to permit its removal by the fingers.
The ammunition for United States magazine rifles of any model
must not be used in subcaliber cartridges, the primers not being
adapted for the blow of the firing pins of cannon. A special caliber
.30 cartridge has been adopted for this purpose, and requisitions for
subcaliber ammunition should call for " subcaliber cartridges, cali-
ber .30."
As the residue from smokeless powder, if not completely removed,
corrodes the bore in a short time, the subcaliber cartridges should be
carefully cleaned after use. The bore should be cleaned with a rag
saturated with soda water (one-half pound sal soda to 1 gallon boiling
water) and wiped thoroughly dry with a clean rag. Then oil the bore
with a light coating of light slushing oil or other suitable oil.
DRILL CARTRIDGE.
[Plate VII.]
The " drill cartridge" is a dummy cartridge for use in drilling can-
noneers in the service of the -gun. It is a bronze casting of the shape
of the service shrapnel ammunition and is fitted at the point with a
Frankford Arsenal 21-second combination fuze. Burned-out fuze
parts that have been condemned or parts rejected by inspectors of
the regular service fuze may be used. Time trains, percussion and
concussion elements will be omitted. Fixed stop pin and rotating
pin of new design will be used. This arrangement is for the instruc-
tion of cannoneers in fuze setting.
Drill cartridges in the service, provided with a dummy fuze similar
to the 15-second combination fuze, will be fitted with movable gradu-
ated rings when the batteries are provided with shrapnel having the
21-second combination fuze.
36
SUBCALIBER AND DRILL CARTRIDGE KIT.
The subcaliber and drill cartridge kit consists of:
3 drill cartridges.
1 subcaliber cartridge.
2 extractor springs.
2 extractor-spring screws.
1 cleaning rod.
1 eyepiece.
1 extension piece.
1 graduated time-train ring.
1 time-train ring.
1 locking-shoe set screw.
1 locking shoe.
1 bristle cleaning brush.
1 pin wrench.
1 storage chest.
3 rotating pins with locking pins.
1 closing cap.
1 closing-cap set screw.
1 closing cap wrench.
3 fixed stop pins with screws.
One subcaliber and drill cartridge kit is issued for each gun.
Part I (b). THE 2,95-INCH MOUNTAIN-GUN CARRIAGE AND
SIGHTS,
Weights, principal dimensions, etc.
Weight of carriage pounds. . 595
Weight of gun and carriage do 830
Diameter of wheels inches. . 36
Width of track do 32
Length of recoil of gun on carriage do 14
Height of axis of gun do 26
Maximum angle of elevation degrees. . 27
Maximum angle of depression do 10
Amount of traverse of gun on carriage do 0
Nomenclature of parts of the carriage.
Name of part.
Location, etc.
Class.
Section.
Axletree, consists of—
Axletree body
> IV
2
\xletree lever
On axletree body
Axletree-lever nut
Holds lever to axletree body
Axletree-lever catch
In handle of axletree lever
\xletree lever catch sprin°r
do
Linen pins
In ends of axletree
Linch-pin springs
In linch pins
0 062 (•£$) by 0 362 pin
do
Drag washers .
On axletree outside of wheels
Buffer, complete, consists of —
Buffer springs
In cradle liners
Piston rod right
do
Piston rod, left
do
Piston-rod handle, right
On rear end of piston rod
Piston-rod handle, left
do
Piston-rod handle rivets
Connect handle to piston rod . -
Piston heads
Piston screws
Locks heads to piston rod
On front end of buffer cvlinder
Buffer caps
Buffer-cap packings
Behind buffer caps
Glands
In rear end of buffer cylinder
Cup-leather seatings
Cup-leather packings
Between glands and seatings
Secures packing to cup-leather seating. . .
Between glands and cup rings
Cup rings
Piston-rod packings
Plugs..
Closes filling and drain holes in cylinders.
Connect filling and drain plugs
Under filling and drain plugs
Chains
Filling plug packings
Loops
Secures plug chains to cradle
Piston-lock screws
On rear of breechblock
Piston locks . . . .
Hinged to lock screws
Piston-lock rivet
Piston-lock springs
On lock screw
Piston-lock washers
do
Cradle, consists of —
Cradle body
Holds gun and buffer details
In buffer cvlinders of cradle
Cylinder liners
0.375 by 3.125 bolt
In left lug of cradle
0.375 crown nut . . .
On bolt
Eyebolts
Instruction plate
Screwed to cradle !
Instruction-plate screws
Secures instruction plate to cradle
Arrow plates
Right bracket base ....
Riveted on cradle
Cradle axis bolt, consists of —
Cradle axis bolt body
Catch lever .
In handle of cradle axis bolt . .
Catch-lever spring
.... do
Catch-lever split pin
Secures lever to cradle axis bolt . .
Guard plate
On cradle axis bolt •
Guard-plate screws. . .
Secures guard plate to cradle axis bolt.. .
On cradle axis bolt
Catch
Shaft -locking screw
In right lug of cradle
Washer
On prnrilA nvis hnlt Ipft. onH
0.187 (A) bv 2.25 sr»lit nin In cradle axis bolt, left end. . .
(37)
38
Nomenclature of parts of the carnage — Continued.
No.
Name of part.
Location, etc.
Class.
Section.
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
14
14
28
14
2
28
Elevating mechanism, consists of—
Elevating quadrant
Turns on axletree
> IV
2
Guide arm
On elevating quadrant
Guide-arm pin
Secures guide arm to quadrant ...
Holds worm, gear
Elevating sleeve
On elevating spindle .
Secures sleeve to spindle
Elevating-worm spring
Against shoulder of sleeve
Elevating- worm spring cup
Holds spring
Elevating worm "
On elevating sleeve
Elevating-worm key
Secures worm to sleeve
Elevating-sleeve nut
On end of elevating sleeve
Elevating-sleeve split pin
Secures sleeve and nut to spindle
Elevating bevel wheel
On rear end of spindle
Elevating bevel-wheel key
Secures bevel wheel to spindle
Elevating spindle nut .
On rear end of spindle
0 25 by 1 75 split pin
In rear end of spindle
Support
Bearing for front end of spindle
Elevating joint pin
Secures elevating quadrant to cradle
Secures joint pin to quadrant
Elevating joint-pin stop screw
Elevating pin
Shaft for handwheel
0 203 by 1 25 split pins
Elevating pinion
On right end^of elevating pin
Elevating-pinion key
Elevating handwheel, consists of —
Elevating-handwheel body...
Elevating-handwheel key
Elevating-handwheel handle.
Elevating-handwheel spindle.
Elevating-handwheel washer.
Equalizing mechanism, consists of—
Spring carrier
On left end of elevating pin
Secures handwheel to pin .
On handwheel
Secures handle to handwheel
On spindle
Near rack on elevating quadrant
0.093 (&) by 1 split pins. . .
In spring carrier
Equaiizing"springs
Between carrier and front crosspiece
In rear end of springs
Equalizing-spring bushings
Equalizing-spring eyebolts
Through holes in front crosspiece .
Equalizing-spring eyelets
Hold springs to carriers
Oil can case body, consists of —
Billet
On body
Body
Fastened to oil can case carrier .
Cap
On cover
Cover
Fastened to body
Cover chafe
Filler
do .. .. .
Trail, consists of—
Trail side, right
Trail side left
Front crosspiece
In front portion of trail
Front transom
In middle of trail
Rear transom
In rear of middle trail
Shoe
In rear portion of trail
Scraper
Rear under side of trail
Shoe handles
Riveted to trail sides
Handspike twisted dog chain
Handspike chain eyebolt
On top of shoe
do
Handspike chain hook
do
Handspike ring
do
Handspike key7
do
Oil-can case carrier
Between front and rear transoms .
0 625 wood screws No 8
In oil can case carrier
Oil can case body
Screwed on carrier
Oil can case cover
Over oil-can case body
Supporting plates
In middle of lower edge of trail sides .
Between trail sides before front transom.
On right side of trail
Strengthening plate
Catch button
Stop button
do
Distance plates
On bottom edges of trail near front
Name plate
Screwed to front crosspiece
Name-plate screws
Secures name plate to crosspiece
Front handles
On front end of trail
Wheels, complete, consists of—
Boxes
Flanges ^
Hub bolts with nuts .
Felloe segments
Spokes...
Clips
Tires
Tire bolts . .
39
DESCRIPTION OF THE CARRIAGE.
GENERAL.
The 2. 95-inch mountain gun carriage is of the short recoil type, in
which the gun is permitted a length of recoil upon the carriage suffi-
cient to diminish the movement of the carriage on the ground, but not
sufficient to render the carriage stable.
The gun is mounted in a cradle, which also forms a housing for
the recoil-controlling parts. The cradle is fastened, by means of the
cradle-axis bolt, to the trail and is also fastened to the elevating
quadrant, which in turn is journaled to the axle, which passes through
the trail.
The principal parts of the carriage are:
1. The cradle.
2. The buffer mechanism.
3. The cradle axis bolt.
4. The elevating mechanism.
5. The trail.
6. The axletree.
7. The wheels.
A detailed description of these parts follows.
THE CRADLE.
The cradle is a bronze casting, comprising three parallel cylinders.
The central cylinder supports the gun from the breech to within a
few inches of the muzzle. Two smaller cylinders on the right and
left sides of the central one accommodate the buffer. Each buffer
cylinder is fitted with a bronze liner in which are cut three slots of
varying width from rear to front, the purpose of the varying width
being to maintain a constant pressure of the oil in the cylinder dur-
ing the recoil of the gun. The buffer cylinders are connected by a
passageway near the rear end, which equalizes the pressure in the
cylinders. The forward ends of the cylinders are closed by the buffer
caps, which screw in and compress a leather gasket (buffer-cap pack-
ing) to make an oil-tight joint. Near the buffer caps each cylinder
is provided with a filling plug on top and a drain plug underneath;
the plugs are chained to the cradle to prevent loss and are provided
with leather gaskets (filling-plug packings). The central part of the
cradle is extended to the rear underneath the breech of the gun and
is provided with a bearing, which is locked to the rear end of the ele-
vating quadrant by means of the elevating joint pin. In place of
trunnions there are two lugs underneath the cradle, through which
passes the cradle-axis bolt, by means of which the cradle is secured
to the trail. Riveted to the rear end of the cylinder on the left-hand
side is a sight-bracket base, in which is seated the sight bracket. An
eyobolt for lifting the cradle to pack is screwed into bosses at each
40
end of this cylinder. A flat surface in a plane parallel to the axis of
the bore of the gun is finished on top of the cradle, on which the gun-
ner's quadrant may be placed. An instruction plate is screwed to
the cradle on the right side of the flat surface for the quadrant. Two
arrow plates are soldered to the right buffer cylinder, which indicate
the positions for the cradle axis-bolt handle.
THE BUFFER MECHANISM.
The piston rods are of steel and threaded on both ends. The
piston head is screwed on the front end of the rod and prevented from
unscrewing by the piston screws. The rear ends of the rods are
attached to the gun by interrupted screw threads and are engaged
or disengaged by a quarter turn of the piston rod; a piston rod handle
is riveted to each rod. Piston locks riveted to the gun lugs secure the
piston rods when engaged with the gun lug threads. The piston
heads fit the interior of the cylinder liners closely so that oil can not
pass except through the liner orifices. After recoil the gun is re-
turned to firing position by means of the two buffer springs surround-
ing the piston rods and located in the buffer cylinders. The rear end
of each cylinder is closed by means of rings and gaskets to form oil-
tight joints. The forward ring is a cup leather seating screwed to
the cylinder; it has on annular recess on its rear face in which is
seated a molded leather cup packing ring, so shaped that pressure of
the oil in the cylinder forces a lip of the leather against the piston rod
and prevents the escape of oil. A small bronze cup ring follows and
between this cup ring and the gland, which is also screwed in the rear
end, is compressed a piston rod packing of leather.
CRADLE AXIS BOLT.
The cradle axis bolt is a solid bar having a handle forged on one
end in which is located a catch, consisting of a catch lever, catch
lever spring, and catch, by means of which the cradle axis bolt is
locked to the front crosspiece of the trail. A bolt in the left lug of
the cradle engages a groove in the cradle axis bolt s'o as to prevent
its longitudinal movement and a shaft locking screw in the right
cradle lug projects into a slot cut partially around the bolt, thus
limiting its rotary movement. The cradle axis bolt is so cut that
in one position it engages in a seat provided for it in the trail, and
90 degrees from that position locks itself to the trail without pre-
venting the cradle being elevated or depressed.
THE ELEVATING GEAR.
The elevating quadrant, by means of which the cradle is elevated or
depressed, is made of cast steel having a worm wheel segment con-
nected by means of an arm to the hub which engages the cradle axis
41
bolt. A yoke on the rear end of the segment engages a lug on the
cradle, to which it is locked by means of the elevating joint pin.
This pin is retained in the quadrant when disengaged from the cradle
by the elevating joint pin stop screw located in one lug of the yoke.
The hub which is the front, fastening for the quadrant engages the
cradle axis bolt and is cut away on one side to allow disengagement
from the bolt when the ]atter is turned to its unlocked position. A
guide arm which is pinned to the quadrant arm just below the hub is
used to secure the quadrant to the front crosspiece of the trail when
in pack. A spring carrier located on the quadrant arm near the
rack teeth projects on both sides, each projection having a slot near
its end which engages the eyelet of an equalizing spring extending
back to the front crosspiece. The function of these springs is to
maintain as near as possible a uniform weight on the ele-vating gear
when it is being worked. Split pins hold the eyelet end of the springs
on the carrier and the eyebolt ends on the rear face of the front cross-
piece. The teeth on the quadrant engage a worm mounted on the
elevating spindle. The latter is held on its front end by a support
seated in the front crosspiece and near its rear end by a bearing in the
rear web of the crosspiece. The worm which engages the quadrant
teeth is keyed to a bronze sleeve which in turn is keyed to the spindle.
Between the front shoulder of the sleeve and worm is located a rubber
spring and cup, which allows a small longitudinal movement of the
worm on the sleeve during firing. A nut is screwed on the rear end
of the sleeve and secures the worm longitudinally; this nut is held
in place by a large split pin, which also secures the sleeve on the
spindle. The portion of the spindle in rear of its bearing in the front
crosspiece is fitted with a bevel wheel keyed and held in place longi-
tudinally by a nut and split pin. This wheel meshes with a pinion
on the right end of the elevating pin which turns in a bearing on the
left side of the front crosspiece. On the left end of the elevating pin
is located the elevating wheel keyed to the pin and held by a split pin.
A handle is located on the rim of the wheel by means of which it may
be rotated.
THE TRAIL.
The trail is made of steel and consists of two side plates, connected
at the front by the front crosspiece, at the rear by the shoe, and in the
middle by the front and rear transoms and strengthening plate.
The front crosspiece is a yoke or box of phosphor bronze, and contains
bearings for the cradle axis bolt, axletree, elevating spindle support,
elevating spindle, and elevating pin. The shoe at the rear end of the
trail is also a phosphor-bronze casting, and is provided with a steel
scraper or spade on the underside which checks the movement of the
carriage on the ground; the shoe also carries a socket on its upper side
in which can be fitted a handspike used for moving the carriage in
42
azimuth. Beside this socket is fastened a chain to which is attached
a key for securing the handspike to the shoe. Two front handles and
two shoe handles riveted to the trail sides are provided for lifting the
trail to pack. To the front and rear transoms is riveted the oil can
case carrier. On the lower edge of the trail sides are riveted the dis-
tance plates and supporting plates which form bearing points for the
trail on the pack frame. The stop button and catch button fastened
to the right side of the trail limit the movement of the axle tree handle
and secure it in the locked position. A name plate is screwed to the
rear face of the front crosspiece. The name plate gives the serial
number of the carriage, the model, name of manufacturer, year of
completion, and initials of inspector.
THE AXLETREE.
The axle tree is a solid cylindrical bar with flats cut on two sides so
that it can enter its seat in the front crosspiece of the trail at a certain
angle only, and when given a one-quarter turn is secure therein. Just
outside the bearing for the right side of the trail the axle is fitted with
an axle tree lever having a spring catch on its handle which engages
the projecting button on the trail side and locks the axle tree in its
proper relation to the trail. The axes of the tapering axle arms are
inclined slightly to the axis of the axle so as to make the underside
horizontal and the lower spokes of the wheel vertical. The wheel is
secured to the axle by a linch pin passing through the axle arm. A
heavy steel washer lies between it and the outer end of the wheel
hub. The linch pin has a wire spring to retain it in the axle; the
washer has a large eye or loop to which a dragrope may be attached.
THE WHEELS.
The wheels are 36 inches in diameter. Each has 14 hickory spokes
and an ash felloe built up of seven segments, a bronze hub box which
is connected through the spokes to a bronze flange on the outside by
seven bolts, and a steel tire. The tire is If inches wide and f inch
thick. The felloe segments are joined by sheet-metal clips bolted
through the felloe to the tire. The hub box has a taper fit on the axle.
DISMOUNTING AND MOUNTING GUN AND CARRIAGE.
To dismount the gun. — Pull back the piston locks to clear the ends
of the piston rods, and then turn the two piston-rod handles upward
to a vertical position. The gun is now free and may be withdrawn
by supporting the breech and pulling to the rear.
To 'dismount the cradle. — Elevate the cradle to extreme elevation
and then depress until certain marks on the last thread of the worm
come opposite the sides of the elevating quadrant. For new work
and repairs a stop surface between the elevating quadrant and front
cross piece automatically stops the quadrant at the proper elevation
for disassembling. Press the catch in the handle of the cradle axis
bolt, turn the handle to the rear 90°, or opposite the " unlocked "
plate on the cradle; give the elevating joint pin one-quarter of a turn
and draw it to the right, releasing the cradle from the elevating
quadrant; the cradle is now free and may be lifted from the trail.
The elevating wheel, should not be turned while the cradle is dis-
mounted.
To dismount wheels and axle. — To detach the axle and wheels
support the front of the trail by the two handles, press the axle lever
catch in the handle of the axletrce lever and turn the lever to a vertical
position; the trail is then free and may be lowered to the ground.
The wheels may be dismounted from the axle by removing the linch-
pins and drag washers.
To mount the wheels and axle to the trail.— Place the axle in the trail
with tho lever in a vertical position, and turn it until the catch in the
lever becomes engaged with the catch button on the trail side; then
lift the trail and put on the wheels, locking them on with the drag
washers and linchpins.
To mount the cradle.— Sees that the elevating quadrant is in its cor-
rect position near extreme elevation with the assembling marks on
the worm embracing the elevating quadrant. Drop the cradle axis
bolt with its handle in the extreme rear position into the jaws
or bearings provided for it in trail and elevating quadrant, then
turn the cradle axis bolt handle forward until it is locked by the
spring catch; lower the rear end of cradle until the lug on its under-
side lies in the yoke of the elevating quadrant and secure it with the
elevating joint pin.
To mount the gun. — Lay the cradle horizontal, see that the bore for
the gun is clean and that the piston-rod handles are vertical, place the
front collar of the gun on the bridge at the rear end of the cradle and
push the gun slowly forward until the guido button underneath the
(43)
44
barrel enters its groove in the bridge, push the gun home, turn the
handles of the piston rods outward 90°, and engage the piston locks
over the ends of the piston rods.
To remove piston rods from buffer cylinders. — If required to remove
the pistons from the buffers, first dismount the gun as described, and
provide a receptacle large enough to hold about 4 quarts of oil.
Depress the cradle about 5°, unscrew the filling and drain plugs, and
allow the oil to run out. Insert the spring-compression tool in the
filling hole to retain the buffer spring, unscrew the buffer cap, and
remove the leather washer; take out the set screw from the piston
head, then unscrew and remove the piston head. Place the hollow
end of the handspike against the front end of the buffer spring and
compress this spring enough to withdraw the spring-compression tool,
then remove the spring and withdraw the piston rod to the rear.
It may be necessary to slack back the gland.
To replace piston rods. — Insert the piston rod from the rear, taking
care that the packing and gland are in position; then enter the buffer
spring from the front and compress it, using the hollow end of the
handspike, so that the spring-compression tool when pushed down the
filling hole will engage the last coil but one. Remove the handspike
and screw on the piston head, securing it in position for the piston
screw. The piston screw must be tight and secure, so that it will not
work out and damage the cylinder. Replace the buffer-cap washer
and buffer cap and screw the latter down hard. Replace the drain
plug and withdraw the spring-compression tool.
To fill the buffer cylinders. — Give the cradle 2° or 3° of elevation
and fill slowly through the filling-plug hole; when apparently full
allow a few minutes for the oil to settle and pocketed air to escape,
and then refill. See that the filling-plug gasket is in place and screw
in the plug tightly. After a few rounds, especially if fired rapidly,
the gun may remain slightly out of battery. This is due to the heat-
ing and expansion of the oil and may be remedied by bringing the gun
to 2° or 3° of elevation, removing the filling plug and permitting the
excess oil to run put.
About 6| pints of oil are required to fill the buffer cylinder. Hy-
droline oil of a specific gravity of 0.85 is furnished by the Ordnance
Department for use in these cylinders; it is characterized by its low
freezing point and by its noncorrosive action on metals. The oil
used in the cylinders should be clean and free from grit and dirt; to
insure this it should be strained through a clean piece of linen or
muslin before using. In emergencies during war water may be used
in the cylinders. This should be done only when absolutely necessary,
and never in freezing weather, and as soon as practicable the cylinder
should be emptied, cleaned, and thoroughly dried and filled with
hydroline oil.
45
CARE AND CLEANING OF BUFFER CYLINDERS AND OTHER PARTS OF
CARRIAGE.
The carriage is a machine for controlling the recoil of the gun and
must be properly cleaned and cared for to insure its working cor-
rectly. The officers responsible for the efficiency of the battery
should familiarize themselves with the carriage mechanism and with
the foregoing instructions as to the method of mounting and dis-
mounting the various parts, and should see that the carriage is
properly handled, cleaned, and cared for. The following general
directions for its care and cleaning are given:
The buffers should be dismounted and examined for roughness,
broken or weakened buffer springs, etc., at least once every three or
four months. If any scored or rusted spots are noticed they should
be smoothed or cleaned by careful use of a dead-smooth file or fine
emery cloth. Emery should be used with great caution and care
should be taken that no emery is allowed to remain in the cylinders.
Where unusual rubbing or scoring has occurred, the facts will be
reported to the officer of the Ordnance Department, charged with
the duty of keeping the battery in repair, for his information and
action.
The parts should be reassembled immediately after cleaning and
inspection and the cylinders filled with the hydro line oil issued for that
purpose. The gun should be pulled from battery by hand and per-
mitted to counterrecoil rapidly to insure that all parts are in proper
position for firing. This should never he done, however, unless the
cylinder is known to he filled with oil. In removing and inserting the
piston rod care should be taken to keep it central in the cylinder, so
as not to bind, burr, or spring any parts. The dismounting and
reassembling of the parts of. the cylinder should in every case be
supervised by a commissioned officer. Before firing an inspection
should be made to ascertain that the different parts are correctly
assembled.
The recoil-cylinder oil should be stored in the closed cans provided
for the purpose, and be carefully protected from dirt, sand, or water.
Oil withdrawn from cylinders and containing any sediment must not
be used again for any purpose until it has been allowed to settle for
not less than 24 hours. When sediment has thus been permitted to
settle, great care must be taken not to disturb it in removing the oil.
To insure the cleanliness of all cylinder oil it should be strained
through a clean piece of linen or muslin before using.
The elevating mechanism should be dismounted at least once every
six months for thorough cleaning and overhauling. It should be
kept well oiled and should work easily. If at any time the mecha-
nism works harder than usual, it should be immediately overhauled
and the cause discovered and removed.
46
The nuts on the hub bolts should be tightened monthly the first
year of service and twice a year thereafter. The ends of the bolts
should be lightly riveted over to prevent the nut from unscrewing.
The wooden parts of the wheels are made of thoroughly seasoned
materials, and the hub bolts, when the wheels are issued, are properly
tightened; but all wood is susceptible to change with atmospheric
conditions, so that the spokes speedily become loose, and if the
wheel is used in this condition it will rapidly be made unserviceable
and may be damaged beyond repair.
The importance of strict compliance with these instructions can not
be overestimated.
SIGHTS.
The arrangement for sighting and laying the piece include a com-
bined front and rear sight (open sight) and a panoramic sight,
either of which may be mounted in a seat in the top end of the sight
shank. The sight 'bracket which supports the sight shank is assem-
bled to the sight-bracket base, riveted to the left side of the cradle.
SIGHT MODEL OF 1912.
The upper end of the sight bracket is provided with bearings for
the shank socket. This shank socket is pivoted on an axis parallel
to the axis of bore, which, by means of a leveling screw and cross level,
serves to correct for difference of level of wheels.
The shank-socket cover has two lugs on its inner surface which sup-
port springs and sleeves. These sleeves are pressed by the springs
against the shank and force it against the walls of the shank socket,
thus taking up lost motion.
Upon the left side of the sight shank is attached a level bracket,
in which, is mounted a v level screw and an elevation-level holder,
the construction allowing the movement ot the level holder through
the arc of a circle in the vertical plane parallel to that of the sight
shank. The amount of angular movement of the level holder is
measured by the level scale, graduated on the level holder with an
index on the level bracket, supplemented by a level micrometer disk
on the level screw. The level scale is graduated in sixty-fourths of
the circumference, and one complete turn of the screw moves the
level holder through one of these divisions. The level micrometer
disk on the level screw has 100 divisions, so that one of these divisions
corresponds to 1 mil ( l fa 0 of the range). The divisions of the cir-
cular scale are marked 1 to 5 and, in connection with the level disk, &re
read 100, 200, etc., plus the indications of the latter. The 3 or 300
corresponds to the mean or zero position of the elevation-level holder.
This arrangement of graduated level serves the same purpose as the
.ra^e quadrant on other carriages; it has the advantage that the
$igfi and quadrant is combined in one instrument, thereby permitting
the. jj^u ties of laying for direction and elevation to be performed by one
man.
The^^ht shank consists of a steel arc. It slides in guides in the
shank sjjgket and is moved up and down in elevation by a scroll gear
seated in, a boss on the shank socket and engaging in a rack cut on
(47)
48
the right side of the shank. A German silver range strip fits in a dove-
tailed seat cut in the rear face of the sight shank, the index for the
scale being placed upon the uppar rear corner of the shank socket.
The strip is graduated in yards for the 12^-pound projectile only up
to 5,000 yards. The smallest division is 50 yards, but smaller
divisions may readily be made with the eye.
The upper part of the sight shank is prolonged to form a support
for the panoramic sight or the- open sight. This support has a ver-
tical T slot into which the guide lug of the panoramic sight or open
sight fits. A clamp scrsw with, a ratchet head is seated in the sup-
port and holds the panoramic sight or open sight in position by
forcing it against the ways of the support. A small spring plunger
detent saated in the sight shank bears against the ratchet head of the
clamp screw and fixes it in position.
The sight complete must be removed from the sight-bracket base before
firing.
OPEN SIGHT.
The peep sight and front sight are self-contained. The peep-sight
support extends to the front and has a threaded seat to receive the
front sight.
The front sight consists of two cross wires set at an angle of 45° to
horizontal in the circular bore of the cross-wire holder and held in
place by the cross-wire ring and the cross-wire retainer. The shank
of the holder is threaded with 32 threads per inch, which allows it
vertical movement in the holder sleeve. The outside of the holder
sleeve is threaded with 30 threads per inch, which allows it a vertical
movement in the sight support.
A J-inch split pin passes through the arm and through slots in the
cross-wire holder and holder sleeve and fixes the cross-wire holder
in a plane normal to the line of sight, the slots allowing vertical
adjustment by the differential threads of the sleeve.
The rear end of the peep-sight support is fashioned to receive the
peep-sight guide. The peep-sight guide is located in an opening in
the peep-sight support and is perpendicular to the line of sight. The
peep sight is secured by clips to this guide and is traversed along it by
the peep-sight screw. The latter passes through a tapped hole in the
peep sight and is supported at each end in bearings in the peep-sight
support. The screw is turned by a knurled head at its left end. The
peephole is 0.125 inch in diameter. The graduations on the deflec-
tion scale fixed to the rear end of the peep-sight support, together
with the peep-sight screw handle, serve to give required deflections
to the peep sight.
The deflection scale is attached to the rear face of the peep-sight
guide and the index for the scale is on the peep sight. The gradua-
tions are in mils, or points equivalent to one one-thousandth part of
49
the range. There are 50 mils upon each side of the zero, and the
scale is marked from left to right as follows :
40 20 0 80 60
the actual mils being
40 20 0 6380 6360
thus making deflection readings on this sight uniform with those of
the panoramic sight and the battery commander's telescope. The
scale has a short longitudinal adjustment by which the zero of the
scale may be located so as to bring the line of sight parallel to the
plane containing the axis of gun.
PANORAMIC SIGHT, MODEL OF 1904.
[PL IX.]
The panoramic sight is a vertical telescope so fitted with reflecting
prisms that the gunner with his eyes at the eyepiece, which is fixed
in a horizontal position, may bring into the field of view an object
situated at any point in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the
telescope.
The details of the optical part of this instrument are shown in
Plate IX, and comprise the rotating head prism A, the rotating
prism B, the objective lens C, the lower reflecting prism D, and the
eyepiece E. The rays coming Irom the object are reflected down-
ward from the prism A into prism B, which rectifies them; after
their passage through the objective lens C, the prism D reflects them
in such a way that there is presented to the eyepiece E a rectified
image, which the eyepiece magnifies. The prism B is of rectangular
cross section. Its peculiarity is that on rotation about its longi-
tudinal axis the image of an object seen through it turns with twice
the angular velocity of the prism. As, therefore, the prisms A and
B are so mounted as to rotate about this axis, prism B following A
with one-half of the angular velocity of the latter, the image always
remains as it would appear to one observing it directly with an
ordinary terrestrial telescope.
The image formed by the objective lens would naturally be reversed
and inverted. The lower inclined faces of the prism D by cross
reflection transfer the rays to opposite sides of the axis, thus cor-
recting the reversal. The correction of the inversion is accom-
plished by the combined action of the three prisms A, B, and D, the
nature of the action varying with the different positions of the
prisms. In the position shown on Plate IX, prisms A and D act as
parallel reflectors, and they, without the lens system, would present
an erect image. Prism B, however, inverts the rays and corrects
61714—16 4
50
the inversion produced by the objective lens. It will be noted the
effect would be the same whethsr the prism B occupies the position
shown on the plate or be revolved 180° from that position. This
latter position is the one it would assume if the prism A were rotated
through 360°. If the prism A be now rotated through 180° the
prisms A and D would form two reflectors set at right angles, and
would give, without the lens system, an inverted image, and in con-
junction with the lens system an erect image. Prism B in this case
will occupy a position 90° from that shown on the plate, in which
position it causes no inversion, but counteracts the inversion pro-
duced by prism D.
A glass reticule marked with crosslines is located in the focal plane
of the instrument, with the intersection of the crosslines coincident
with its optical axis. No provision is made for changing the focus
of eyepiece or objective lens. As issued, the instrument is focused
for the usual range and the average eye. The magnifying power of
the instrument is four; the field of view is 10°.
The mechanical construction of the instrument is as follows: The
body consists of a shank, provided on its front surface with a T lug
which fits into a corresponding slot in the head of the sight shank
and is held in that position on sights by a detent ratchet, and ciamp
screw. To the lower end of the shank is screwed the eyepiece elbow,
forming a housing for the prism D and the eyepiece E. To the upper
end of the shank is screwed the azimuth-circle support, to which is
screwed the hood for the azimuth circle, forming a seat for the rotating
mechanism of the sight. The opening in the rotating head is closed
by the rotating-head glass window, which forms a dust guard. The
rotating-head prism A is mounted opposite this opening. The lower
end of the rotating head is seated in the azimuth-circle hub and gear.
A worm located in worm box in the hood for azimuth circle engages
in a worm gear cut on the azimuth circle.
The worm is pivoted at its rear end in the worm box by a ball-and-
socket bearing. This bearing consists of the bearing-socket worm
ball and bearing cap.
The worm-throw-out mechanism consists of the draw pin, draw-pin
spring, spring-retaining nut, and lever.
The rotating prism B is secured in the upper end and the objective
C in the lower end of the supporting sleeve for rotating prism resting
in the hub and gear. The upper end of this supporting sleeve for the
rotating prism and the lower end of the azimuth circle have gears
which engage in a double pinion seated in the azimuth-circle support.
The gears and pinions are calculated so that the angular velocity of
the rotating head is twice that of the rotating prism B and is in the
same direction. The motion of rotation is transmitted from the worm
to the azimuth circle, thence to the azimuth-circle hub and gear, thence
51
to the pinion and through it to the supporting sleeve for rotating
prism. The amount of motion of the rotating-head prism is indicated
by a graduated scale on the perimeter of the azimuth circle, visible
through the glass azimuth window in the rear face of the hood for the
azimuth circle. The zero of the scale and the index on the head-
piece are located so that the line of sight of the panoramic sight is
parallel to that of the axis of the gun when set at 0 elevation and
deflection.
The scale is formed by dividing the circumference into 64 equal
parts. One complete turn of the worm moves the rotating-head
prism through one of these divisions, or -^ of a circle. The rear end
of the worm carries the azimuth micrometer knob with circumference
graduated into 100 equal parts to form a micrometer scale. One of
these subdivisions, therefore, equals -j-J^ of a division of the main
scale, or marks a movement of the rotating-head prism and line of
sight through 6£00 of a circle. An angular movement of the line of
sight through g-^- of a circle corresponds very closely to a lateral
displacement of 1Q100 of the range. Practically the subdivisions of
the deflection scale on the panoramic sight are considered as points
equal to 10100 of the range and are called milliemes or mils.
The reading of the deflection scale or the size of an angle is given in
units of the micrometer scale as 2763, 1521, etc., meaning fjfj, Ufo-,
etc., of 360°. The alternate divisions of the main scale are numbered
in a clockwise direction 0, 2, 4, etc., to 62, inclusive. In reading the
deflection scale, therefore, hundreds are read directly from the main
scales and tens and units from the deflection-screw micrometer scale.
At 0 the line of sight is parallel to the vertical plane through the axis
of the gun; at 16 (or 1,600 mils) it is perpendicular to that plane and
pointing directly to the right,, etc.
The azimuth micrometer knob is secured on the rear end of the
worm by a locking screw. This arrangement permits the 0 of the
scale to be set opposite the index line on the azimuth micrometer
index without movement of the worm in adjusting the sight.
The worm which is seated at its front end in the draw pin is held in
contact with the worm gear on the azimuth circle by the draw-pin
spring, and is arranged so that it may be disengaged from the worm
gear by movement of a lever. When disengaged, the line of sight
may be rapidly oriented to approximately the desired direction, the
worm then thrown into gear, and finer adjustments made by turning
the azimuth micrometer knob.
All panoramic sights have been made interchangeable, so as to fit
in seats.
The following device for illumination of the cross lines of the reticule
of panoramic sights is used.
52
A small slit is cut in the eyepiece elbow and the reticule cell on the
side of the sight next the gun. A shutter is provided which encircles
the eyepiece elbow opposite the slit, affording means for closing. On
some sights this shutter is provided with a transparent celluloid win-
dow to prevent the entrance of dust. On the later sights a glass
window is fitted in the side of the eyepiece. Eor illumination at
night electric flash lights are used. They should be held close to the
illuminating slot or window.
PANOEAMIC SIGHT, MODEL OF 1915.
[Plate X.]
X
The panoramic sight is a vertical telescope so fitted with an optical
system of reflecting prisms and lenses that the gunner with his eye
at the fixed eyepiece in a horizontal position can bring into the field
of view an object situated at any point in a plane perpendicular to
the axis of the telescope.
The rays coming from the object are reflected downward from the
rotating head prism into the rotating prism. The rotating prism
rectifies the rays; after their passage through the achromatic objective
lens, the lower reflecting prism reflects them in such a way that there
is presented to the eyepiece a rectified image, which the eyepiece
magnifies. The peculiarity of the rotating prism is that upon rota-
tion about its longitudinal axis the image of the object seen through
it turns with twice the angular velocity of the rotating prism. The
rotating head prism and rotating prism are so mounted as to rotate
about this axis; the rotating prism following the rotating head prism
with one-half of the angular velocity of the latter, the image always
remains as it would appear to one observing it directly with an
ordinary telescope. The image formed by the achromatic objective
lens would then be reversed and inverted. The rays are cross re-
flected to the opposite sides of the axis by the inclined faces of the
lower reflecting prism, thus correcting the reversal.
The combined action of the rotating head prism, the rotating prism
and lower reflecting prism and the nature of action varying with
different positions of the prisms provide for the correction of the
inversion of the image. The rotating head prism and lower reflecting
prism, as shown in position on Plate X, act as parallel reflectors, and
they, without the lens system, would present an erect image. The
rotating prism, however, inverts the rays and corrects the inversion
produced by the achromatic objective lens. It will be noted that
e^effect would be the same whether the rotating prism occupies
the same'position shown on the plate or be revolved 180° from that
position. The rotating head prism must be turned through 360° to
get a position of 180° for the rotating prism. If the rotating head
53
prism is rotated through 180°, the rotating prism and lower reflecting
prism would form reflectors set at right angles, and would give,
without the lens system, an inverted image, and in conjunction with
the lens system an erect image. The rotating prism in this case will
occupy a position 90° from that shown on the plate, in which position
it causes no inversion but counteracts the inversion produced by the
lower reflecting prism.
The instrument has a magnifying power of 4 and a field of view
of 10°.
The principal parts of the panoramic sight are the rotating head
mechanism, the elevation device, the azimuth mechanism, the rotat-
ing prism mechanism, the deflection mechanism, the shank, and the
eyepiece.
The rotating head mechanism consists principally of the rotating
head, rotating head prism, rotating head prism holder, prism-holder
cover, elevation index support, 'prism shield, and rotating head
cover.
The rotating head forms a housing for its movable parts, and pro-
vides seats for the elevation worm bushing and rotating head prism
holder. The front opening of the rotating head is closed by the
prism shield which forms a dust guard. The bottom threaded seat
of the rotating head screws upon the upper end of the azimuth worm
wheel and is locked in place by four azimuth scale retaining ring
screws. Upon the rear face of the rotating head is engraved a scale
which is used for measuring the elevation of the rotating head prism
holder which retains the rotating head prism and has an index mark
upon the projection which coincides with the graduations of the
elevation worm micrometer head.
The rotating head prism is mounted within the rotating head
prism holder between the prism support front, prism support bottom,
and prism support back, and secured in position by the rotating head
prism spring wrhich bears upon the prism support back. The rotating
head prism is protected on the right side by the prism-holder cover
and on the left side by the elevation index support.
The prism shield is held within the rotating head by the prism
shield retaining piece, which is in turn secured by two prism shield
retaining piece screws.
The prism-holder cover screws into its threaded seat located in the
right side of the rotating head prism holder and locked in position
by the prism-holder cover screws.
The rotating head cover screws into its threaded seat located in
the right side of the rotating head and held in place by the rotating
head cover screws. The exterior of the rotating head cover has two
small holes for teat wrench, and engravings "Field 10°" and "Power
4" are located on the exterior surface.
54
The elevation-index support screws into its threaded seat located
in the left side of the rotating head prism holder and secured in
place by the elevation-index support screw. The small holes in
ihe exterior surface allows the use of teat wrench to enable the ele-
vation-index support to be screwed in place. The support-retain-
ing ring retains the elevation-index support with rotating head
prism holder within the rotating head and is locked in position by
the support-retaining ring screw.
The elevation index is held upon the elevation-index support by
the two elevation-index retaining screws. The arrow, engraved
upon the German-silver piece, which is dovetailed in the elevation
index, coincides with the graduations of the scale engraved upon
the rear face of the rotating head.
The" elevation device consists principally of the elevation segment,
elevation worm, elevation-worm bushing, elevation-worm retaining
nut, and elevation-worm micrometer head.
The elevation segment is held in its seat, provided in the rotating
head prism holder, by the segment lock pin. The movement of
the elevation segment is limited between two dowel pins, which are
driven through the rotating head.
The elevation worm is mounted eccentrically within the elevation-
worm bushing, which when turned provides an adjustment to take
up the wear between the worm threads and the worm teeth of the
elevation segment.
The elevation-worm bushing has a screw-driver slot in its lower
end, which is used for adjusting and is retained in position by the
elevation-worm bushing clamp plug, which is secured by the bush-
ing clamp plug screw.
The elevation-worm retaining nut retains the elevation-worm
bushing and elevation worm lengthwise within the rotating head.
The screw-driver slot, in the top of the elevation-worm retaining
nut, is used for adjusting and is locked in position by the elevation-
worm retaining nut screw.
The elevation-worm micrometer head is held upon the upper
slotted end of the elevation worm by the locking screw. The scale,
engraved upon the periphery, is graduated into 100 equal divisions,
numbered every 10 divisions. The upper exterior diameter of the
elevation-worm micrometer head- is straight knurled to facilitate
turning. One complete revolution of the elevation-worm microme-
ter head is equal to the distance between each graduation upon the
scale on the rear face of the rotating head.
The open sight is constructed of bronze plate, bent to shape,
having an arm projecting out at each end, each arm containing a
hole. A bronze knee is soldered to the interior of the front project-
ing arm over the center of the hole in such a manner to form a sight
which is used for quick sighting. The open sight is secured to the
rotating head cover by two open-sight retaining screws.
The principle parts of the azimuth mechanism are the azimuth
worm wheel, azimuth worm wheel support, azimuth worm wheel
cover, azimuth worm, azimuth worm ball, throw-out cam, throw-
out plunger, azimuth micrometer knob, and azimuth scale.
The azimuth scale is retained upon its bearings, provided on
lower end of the rotating head, by the azimuth-scale retaining ring,
which in turn is secured by four azimuth-scale retaining ring screws.
The four elongated holes in the azimuth scale provide for adjusting.
The scale, engraved upon the lower, exterior diameter, is graduated
into 64 equal divisions, numbered every two divisions.
The azimuth worm wheel cover forms a housing for the movable
parts of the azimuth mechanism and provides seats for the ball and
socket bearing throw-out mechanism and deflection worm wheel
and support ring. The arrow, engraved upon the upper exterior
diameter of the azimuth worm wheel cover, coincides with the gradu-
ations of the azimuth scale. The scale engraved upon a boss on the
rear face of the azimuth-worm wheel cover is used for measuring the
deflection of the object. The arrow, engraved upon the offset on
the rear right side of the azimuth worm wheel cover, coincides with
the graduations on the azimuth micrometer knob.
The felt washer which is retained in its seat, is located in the upper
end of the azimuth worm wheel cover, provides for sufficient friction
between the rotating head and the azimuth worm wheel cover.
The azimuth worm wheel support spring tends to retain the azi-
muth worm wheel upon the azimuth-worm wheel support.
The gear teeth of the lower part of the azimuth worm wheel mesh
with the rotating head pinion, which upon rotation moves the
rotating head mechanism. The lower part of the azimuth worm wheel
support screws into its threaded seat provided in the upper part of
the shank.
The azimuth worm is provided at one end with an azimuth worm
ball, held in place by a bearing cap and bearing socket. A clearance
space is provided so that the bearing cap can be adjusted to take up
wear. A throw-out plunger with a spring and spring retaining nut,
is provided for compensating for wear between the azimuth worm
and azimuth worm wheel. A throw-out lever which is pinned to a
throw-out cam, which in turning acts on the throw-out plunger, is
a means provided for disengaging the azimuth worm and azimuth
worm wheel. The azimuth micrometer knob is held on the slotted
end of the azimuth worm by the locking screw. The scale is divided
into 100 equal divisions, numbered every 5 divisions. One complete
56
revolution of the azimuth micrometer knob is equal to the distance
between each graduation on the azimuth scale.
The rotating prism mechanism consists principally of the rotating
prism, rotating prism holder, rotating prism supporting sleeve,
rotating prism pinion, and rotating prism block.
The rotating prism is of rectangular cross section, mounted and
retained in position within the rotating prism holder by rotating
prism block which is secured by the rotating prism set screw. The
rotating prism holder is seated in the upper section of the rotating
prism supporting sleeve. The rotating prism pinion is driven upon
the pinion shaft. The rotating head pinion is driven upon the hub
of the rotating prism pinion. The pinion shaft is mounted at both
ends in its seat provided in the azimuth worm wheel support which
upon rotation, moves the pinion shaft. This gear system is so
designed that the rotating head moves twice the angular distance of
the rotating prism holder.
The principal parts of the deflection mechanism are the deflection
worm wheel and support ring, deflection worm, deflection worm
bushing, deflection dial, and deflection worm knob.
The deflection worm wheel and support ring is seated within the
azimuth worm wheel cover located by two dowel pins, and then
retained by six deflection worm wheel and support ring screws. A
segment, projecting downward into the shank, carries a worm wheel
which meshes with the deflection worm. The deflection worm wheel
support is located within the shank and against the deflection worm
wheel and support ring by two dowel pins, and secured by two
deflection worm wheel support screws.
The deflection worm is mounted eccentrically within the deflection
worm bushing which when turned provides an adjustment to take
up the wear between the worm threads and the worm teeth of the
deflection worm wheel and support ring.
The deflection worm bushing is adjusted by using the fingers upon
rear end and is restrained in position by the deflection worm bushing
clamp plug, which is secured by the deflection worm bushing clamp-
plug screw. A German silver piece is pinned and soldered to the
rear end of the deflection worm bushing on which is engraved three
arrows with letters "R" and "L." The middle or large arrow
coincides with the graduations of the deflection dial. The com-
pensating spring is provided for taking up all lost motion that appears
lengthwise in the mechanism. The worm knob is secured to the de-
flection worm by a taper pin; the periphery being straight knurled
to facilitate turning. The deflection dial is held on the front slotted
end of the deflection worm by the locking screw. The scale engraved
upon the front end is graduated into 100 equal divisions, numbered
57
every 10 divisions. The shank forms a body for the instrument and
provides seats for the azimuth worm wheel support, deflection worm
bushing and elbow. The front surface is provided with a T lug
which fits into a corresponding slot in the upper end of the shank of
the rear sight. Upon the rear surface is dovetailed the deflection
index which is retained in place by the deflection index screw.
The arrow, engraved upon the deflection index, coincides with
graduation on the rear face of the azimuth worm-wheel cover.
The eyepiece consists principally of the reticule, the reticule cell,
achromatic field lens, achromatic eyelens, and eyelens cell.
The achromatic objective lens is mounted in the upper end of the
objective lens cell. This cell is secured in its threaded seat in the
upper end of the elbow by two objective lens cell retaining screws.
The elbow is secured in the lower end of the shank and secured by
the four elbow retaining screws in such a manner that its projecting
arm is horizontal to the axis of the instruments. The elbow provides
seats for the lower reflecting prism and the eyelens cell. The lower
reflecting prism is held upon its bearing surfaces, provided in the
elbow by two wedges which in turn are secured by the two wedge
screws. These screws are retained by the wedge screw lock screw.
The wedge screw cover is provided to retain the wedge screw lock
screws in position. The wedge screw cover is secured by the wedge
cover screw. The opening of the elbow upon the right and left sides
are closed by the elbow covers, which are locked by the elbow cover
screws. Upon the left side of the elbow is an opening through which
the light is thrown upon the reticule. This opening is covered by
the window to protect the interior of the eyepiece from dust and dirt.
The shutter is so designed to slide over the opening in the elbow
being guided by the shutter stop screw and movement limited by
the elongated slot.
The reticule has two crosslines etched on its surface and is mounted
in the forward end to the reticule cell which is secured in the eyelens
cell by the reticule cell retaining screw.
The achromatic eyelens is mounted in the eyelens cell and is
separated from the achromatic field lens by the lens separator. The
achromatic field lens is held within the eyelens cell by the field lens
retaining ring, which in turn is locked by the field lens cell retaining
ring screw. The eyelens cell is secured to the elbow by the eyelens
cell retaining screw.
All interior metallic surfaces exposed to the refracted light are
finished with dull black baking enamel. All exposed optical ele-
ments, covers, and nonrotating joints are sealed with the litharge
cement or equal. All German silver graduated surfaces are sand-
blasted and lacquered.
58
USE OF THE OPEN SIGHT AND PANORAMIC SIGHT.
For direct aiming. — Set the rear sight at the required elevation;
correct for difference of level of wheels; set off deflection ordered;
elevate the gun and traverse the carriage until the crosslines of the
peep sight are on the target.
PANORAMIC SIGHTS, MODELS OF 1904 AND 1915.
For direct aiming. — Set the rear sight at the required elevation and
correct for difference of level of wheels; set off the desired deflection
on the azimuth circle of the panoramic sight; bring the crosslines of
the sight upon the target by means of the elevating and traversing
devices of the carriage.
In using the model of 1915 sight for direct fire, care must be taken that
the rotating head be set at 300 mils and the deflection mechanism at 0.
F.or indirect aiming. — Set the sight shank at the required range and
correct for difference of level of wheels. Set the azimuth scale of the
panoramic sight at the deflection ordered. By means of the microm-
eter screw, set the movable level until the reading on it is equal to
the angle of site ordered. By means of the elevating han awheel of
the carriage and by traversing the carriage on the ground, manipulate
until the bubble in the movable level is centered and until the vertical
cross wire in the panoramic sight is on the aiming point.
For measuring ranges. — Distances or ranges may be roughly cal-
culated from readings made by two panoramic sights mounted on
their guns, as follows:
Direct the guns on the target; then sight the panoramic sights on
each other. The angle at the target subtended by the line connecting
the two guns is then 3,200 mils minus the sum of the actual angles in
mils measured at the guns.
If B is the distance between the guns in yards, then range equals
B multiplied by 1,000 divided by the number of mils in the angle at
the target.
The accuracy of this method increases as B becomes smaller so
long as the instruments can be read correctly.
CARE OF SIGHTS.
Whenever convenient, and especially when in garrison and not in
use, the front and rear sights and panoramic sights should be kept in
some dry place, as in the barracks7 storeroom or office.
When traveling the sight bracket with shank and sight complete
is removed from the sight bracket base and placed in the sight case.
All parts of the shanks and shank sockets should be kept clean,
free from rust, and lightly oiled. When stored or not used for short
periods, they should be thoroughly cleaned and well coated with
59
light slushing oil. Should any part become rusted, it should bo
carefully cleaned by softening the rust with coal oil and rubbing
with a soft-pine stick.
In handling all parts of the sights care must be' exercised to avoid
injuring them by dropping, striking them upon or with other parts,,
etc.
To clean the joint between the sight bracket and the shank socket,
drive out the taper pin from the end of the leveling screw and remove
the leveling screw. Disassemble the shank socket from the sight
bracket, clean all parts, and oil thorn with sperm oil. Assemble in
the reverse order.
Oil the leveling screw from time to time.
Extra glass level vials assembled in brass tubes, to replace broken
vials in sights, will be issued on requisition.
Only ordinary tools, such as a hammer and a punch or a piece ot
wire, are required for the removal of pins from level caps in order to-
replace vials. All pins on level caps are driven in toward the center
of the instrument. They should be driven out in the opposite direc-
tion. Four adjusting screws in the vial tubes are used for adjusting
the tubes in their holders.
CARE OF THE PANORAMIC SIGHT, MODELS OF 1904 AND 1915.
These sights are delicate instruments and must not be subjected to
any rough usage, jars, or strains. In firing they are removed from
the carriage ; in the field, when not in use, they are kept in the sight
case.
To obtain satisfactory vision, the glasses must be perfectly clean
and dry. The T lug on the sight and the slot forming its seat should
be kept lightly oiled as a preventive of rust. The worm and worm
rack should be oiled with vaseline. When dust accumulates on the
pointers, it should be removed by a fine camel's-hair brush in the
hands of an experienced person.
To disassemble the worm mechanism of the model of 1904 sight for
cleaning, throw out the worm-box eccentric lever, disengaging the
worm from the worm gear of the azimuth circle. Insert a pin in the
radial hole in the spring-box pin. Throw the worm-box eccentric
lever back and engage the worm in the azimuth circle. Push the
spring box toward the worm knob about three-eighths inch and then
lift it straight out. Take out the eccentric-lever stud and remove the
worm-box eccentric lever. Pull out the dowel in the worm-box pin
with a pair of pliers and drive out the worm-box pin. Then pull out
the worm box and worm complete. The worm may be cleaned
without further disassembling. Assemble in reverse order.
Tho teeth of the worm wheel may be cleaned without disassembling
the hood.
60
To clean the rofcating-haad window and the front face of the
rotating-haad prism, unscrew the window cell in the rotating head.
Do not remove the rotating-head window from the window cell.
To clean the reticule and eyepiece lenses, remove the screw holding
the eyepiece to the eyepiece elbow and unscrew the eyepiece. To
disassemble the lenses, remove the set screw on the under side of the
eyepiece and unscrew the eye-lens cell. The field lens is held in
place by a retaining spring, both of which may drop out as soon as
the eye-lens cell is disassembled.
In assembling note that the flat surface of the field lens of the
eyepiece is placed next to the reticule. Do not remove or change
the adjustment of the reticule. Its rear surface may be cleaned
with a earner s-hair brush after the eyepiece has been removed.
In panoramic sights of serial numbers after No. 752, the exposed
optical elements and all nonmoving joints are sealed, and no attempt
should be made to remove them.
For serial numbers 873 and up, the slight change in the appearance
and construction of the elbow and rotating head is made for the
purpose of making these parts dust and moisture proof.
ADJUSTMENT OP SIGHTS.
The sights are correctly adjusted when at zero elevation and deflec-
tion the line of sight is parallel to the axis of bore.
The movable level is correctly adjusted when with the sight shank
set at zero, level scale at 300, the axis of the gun horizontal, and,
when corrected for difference of wheel, the bubble of the movable
level stands in the center of its vial. In adjusting sights, the pano-
ramic sight should be corrected first.
To adjust the rear (open sight) proceed as follows:
With the sight shank set at zero, the direction of the line of sight
is changed by means of the peep-sight screw and by altering the front
sight until it is parallel to the axis of the bore. The method of
determining when this condition exists is given below. The deflection
scale on the peep-sight support is then shifted and the micrometer
head on the peep-sight screw moved until everything reads zero.
The movement of the deflection scale is provided for by elongated
holes in the deflection scale through which pass the screws which
clamp it in position to the peep-sight support. Movement of the
front sight is accomplished by turning the holder sleeve after first
removing the split pin.
To adjust the movable level: With the bore of the piece horizontal
and the sight set at zero elevation, the position of the level holder is
changed by the level screw until the bubble is in the center of its vial.
The nut inside the level handle which clamps the graduated disk is
then released and the disk rotated until zero comes opposite its index.
61
TO ADJUST THE PANORAMIC SIGHT, MODEL OF 1915.
Should backlash or lost motion appear lengthwise in the elevation
device, it can b 3 removed by loosening the elevation-worm retaining-
nut screw, setting up on the elevation-worm retaining nut and then
tightening up on the elevation-worm retaining-nut scrow. To remove
backlash between the threads of the elevation worm and worm teeth
of the elevation segment, loosen the bushing clamp plug screw which
releases the elevation-worm bushing clamp plug, and then turning the
elevation bushing, in which the elevation worm is eccentrically
mounted, so as to bring the elevation worm closer in contact with the
worm teeth of the elevation segment. The elevation-worm adjusting
clamp plug must be firmly clamped after adjusting by tightening up
on the bushing clamp plug screw to secure the elevation-worm bush-
ing against rotation. After adjusting, should the zero upon the
elevation-worm micrometer head not coincide with its index when the
elevation index coincides with the graduations of the scale upon the
rear face of the rotating head, it can be easily remedied by loosening
the locking screw and turning the elevation-worm micrometer head
until the zero just coincides with its index, after which it must be
firmly secured by tightening the locking screw.
Backlash which may occur between the threads of the azimuth
worm and the worm teeth of the azimuth worm wheel is taken up
automatically by the spring that forces the throw-out plunger which
seats the azimuth at its left end in toward the azimuth worm wheel.
The four elongated holes in the azimuth scale afford means for ad-
justing when its zero does not coincide with the arrow head upon the
upper exterior diameter of the azimuth worm-wheel cover when the
zero of the deflection scale, upon the rear of the azimuth worm-wheel
cover, coincides with arrowhead upon the deflection index. After
this adjustment is made the azimuth micrometer knob should be
inspected similar to that elevation-worm micrometer head.
Backlash that appears between the threads of th.3 deflection worm
and the worm teeth of the deflection worm wheel and support ring
can readily be removed when the method of adjusting similar to that
of the elevation device is followed out.
TO ADJUST THE PANORAMIC SIGHT, MODEL OF 1904.
Direct the panoramic sight by means of the 'azimuth micrometer
knob and rear sight scroll gear until its line of sight is parallel to the
axis of the bore. The method of determining when this condition
of parallelism exists is described hereafter. Without disturbing the
direction of this line of sight move the azimuth micrometer knob of
panoramic sight and the range strip of the rear sight until ths zero
62
marks come opposite their respective indices. The azimuth microm-
eter knob may be moved after loosening the locking screw in the end
of the worm. This locking screw may be loosened by the combined
teat wrench and screw driver issued for the purpose. If the azimuth
micrometer knob can not be readily removed, grasp the sight by the
azimuth micrometer knob, release the worm from the worm gear of
the azimuth circle, and gently tap the exposed end of the worm with
a small piece of wood or soft metal.
To locate the index opposite the zero ,of the scale loosen the four
screws that hold the movable index cover in place and move this
cover until the index is properly located; then tighten the screws.
Movement of the range strip of the rear sight is made possible by a
slot in the shank in which the range strip screw can be moved when
the nut has been loosened.
VERIFICATION OF PARALLELISM OF LINES OF SIGHT AND AXIS OF BORE.
The adjustment of the sights is of such importance and should be
verified so frequently that battery commanders will find it advan-
tageous to make permanent arrangements for such verification. The
leveled supports constituting the carriage emplacement should
preferably be of stone. The site of the target (fig. 1) should be
prepared and the exact locations of the target and horizontal refer-
ence points permanently marked. If these arrangements are properly
made, subsequent verifications of sights will become a simple matter.
A target of dimensions given in figure 1 is placed in a vertical
position perpendicular to the line of sight, at such a height that the
point "bore" is at the same height as the axis of the bore of the gun.
The verticality of the target is assured by a plumb line attached at A,
coinciding with the vertical line AB.
The carriage is placed with the wheels and trail resting upon solid
supports of wood or stone, the surfaces of which have been carefully
leveled so as to bring the axle axis horizontal. Now direct the gun
so that the prolongation of the axis of the bore, as determined by the
bore sights, pierces the target at the proper point; the lines of sight
of the open and panoramic sights are then adjusted in direction by
the means explained above until they pierce the targets in the points
marked, respectively, "open" and "panoramic."
The axis of the bore is determined and prolonged by means of bore
sights. In the absence of such means, a breech-bore sight may be
made from an empty cartridge case from which the primer has been
removed; a piece of paper should bs pasted over the primer seat and
a pinhole made in its exact center to serve as a peep sight. If the
cartridge case does not completely fill the bore, it should be shimmed
all around with tissue paper until it does so. For a muzzle-bore
63
sight, use should be made of the traces of the horizontal and vertical
planes containing the axis of the bore, which are marked on the
muzzle of the gun. Fine threads or hairs stretched across the muzzle
to coincide with these lines form a good bore sight, and the ends of
such threads may be conveniently fastened to a cloth strap buckled
around the muzzle of the gun.
= d.375 fOX PWOR/W/C 5/GHT MODLL Of '1904
6.338 FOR PANORAMIC 5/6HT MODEL OF 1915
FIGURE L
In the field, where from lack of time or proper facilities the method
just given can not be followed, the adjustment of the sights may be
verified by bringing the lines of sight at zero elevation and deflection
to bear upon some sharply defined point of a distant object. At
such a range (for instance, 2,000 yards or more) the parallax may be
neglected, and if the sights are correctly adjusted the lines of sight
and the prolongation of the axis of the bore will sensibly pass through
the selected aiming point.
ADDITIONAL TESTS.
After the sights are adjusted they should be subjected to the fol-
lowing tests to insure their accuracy at extremes of elevation and
azimuth:
64
(a) With carriage level and gun and sights at zero elevation and
deflection, the lines of sight and axis of bore prolonged pierce the
target (fig. 1) in the proper points.
(6) The gun is then moved to its maximum elevation; as the sight
elevation is altered, the lines of sight should follow the vertical lines
through the same points of the target (fig. 1).
By construction and assemblage the sights, if correctly adjusted,
should fulfill the above conditions with substantial accuracy. If
error be noted, a report of the facts in the case with the cause, if
known, should be made to the ordnance officer charged with the
repair of the material for his information and action.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR CARE AND PRESERVATION.
Keep all optical surfaces clean.
For the cleaning of optical surfaces use only the materials supplied
by the Ordnance Department for that purpose.
Do not use on optical surfaces any cleaning material which is dirty
or covered with oil or dust.
ADJUSTING INSTRUMENTS.
A complete detailed description of the method of disassembling
and adjusting the different instruments is given in Ordnance Office
Pamphlet No. 1795, Instructions for the Care, Preservation, Repair)
and Adjustment of Instruments for the Fire-Control Systems for
Coast and Field Artillery. Attention is invited to General Orders
No. 47, War Department, March 24, 1905, with reference to the care
and repair of panoramic sights.
No disassembling of instruments except as prescribed herein will
be permitted. The disassembling of telescopic instruments allowed
herein, must be done only in the presence of a commissioned officer.
Disassembling as permitted in Pamphlet 1795 must be done only by.
officers or employees of the Ordnance Department.
Part I (c).— TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES FOR THE GUN AND
CARRIAGE.
The tools and accessories for the gun and carriage are listed on
page 91.
A description of some of these articles follows.
BRAKE ROPES.
Each brake rope consists of a 1-inch rope with a hook at one end
and a ring at the other. Each rope is passed through the shoe handle
and between the lower spokes of the wheel on both sides of the carriage.
The hook is brought from the inside of the wheel between the spokes
and engaged in the ring, after which the rope is tightened by turning
the wheel downward to the rear. With the wheels thus locked, the
friction on the ground diminishes the movement of the carriage on
the ground.
BUFFER-SPRING CASE.
The buffer-spring case is a cylindrical pouch of leather with a flap
cover. A single loop of leather or strap keeper is riveted on the case,
through which is passed the strap by which the case is bound to the
pack.
CRADLE TOMPIONS.
The cradle tompions are sheet-metal bodies covered with flannel
for closing the central bore of the cradle when the gun is dismounted.
One front tompion and one rear tompion with the connecting sections
of strap constitute a set.
GUNNER'S POUCH.
The gunner's pouch is a leather case for the lanyard, originally
designed for attaching to the waist belt of the gunner but now gen-
erally fastened to the rear transom of the trail.
THE GUNNER'S QUADRANT.
The gunner's quadrant consists of a frame and the index arm which
swings in the frame. This frame has graduated scales ranging from
0 to 65° on both sides of its arc and a toothed rack on the underside of
the arc. Two frame shoes are screwed to the underside of the frame
61714—16 5 (65)
66
to facilitate placing it on the cradle. The index arm is fastened to a
lug on the frame which allows it to swing along the rack on the arc
of the frame. The index arm head engages this rack and is held
against it by the index arm head spring, located in the index arm.
Index arm head guides, containing the index marks, are screwed to
both sides of the head. The sliding level is located on the index arm,
which is graduated from 0 to 60 minutes. The level may be fastened
tightly to the index arm by the sliding level spring and screw. On
the end of the index arm is located the sliding level stop. The gun-
ner's quadrant is used to test the level of the sights.
GUNNER'S QUADKANT POUCH.
The gunner's quadrant pouch is a leather case for the gunner's
quadrant.
HANDSPIKE.
The handspike is a hardwood staff with a slotted bronze ferrule on
one end, which fits the socket in the shoe; it may be locked to the shoe
by means of the handspike key; a cup-shaped bronze head on the
other end is used for compressing the buffer springs. The two pins
in the body form stops to prevent slipping when the handspike is
used as a lifting bar.
SIGHT CASE.
The sight case is a cylindrical leather case reinforced with steel
and has a hinged cover. The case is arranged to receive the pano-
ramic sight, shank with level-holder bracket and socket, and peep sight
complete. The sight case is carried in the gun seat in the cradle when
the cradle is being carried in pack.
TOOL POCKETS.
The two pouches of leather are distinguished by their interior
arrangement as "tool pocket with inside pockets" and "tool pocket
with inside straps" containing the material listed on page 91.
TUBULAR OIL CAN.
Eight cans of brass, approximately 3 inches in diameter by 15
inches long, are provided for carrying a supply of oil.
TUBULAR OIL-CAN CARRIER.
For carrying the tubular oil cans a tubular oil-can carrier is pro-
vided, consisting of two pouches of leather provided with straps by
which the cans are secured and attached to the pack.. The pouches
are right and left.
Part II (a). THE PACK HARNESS.
The group of parts of the pack outfit used for leading the animal
and carrying the load with its special holders is called the "pack har-
ness." It consists of the blinder, halter bridle, corona, saddle blanket,
aparejo, sbbrejalma, crupper, and aparejo cincha.
These parts are common to all aparejo outfits and may be used
without special frames for packing bundles and boxes.
BLINDER MODEL OF 1916.
A pack mule is ordinarily blinded during harnessing and unhar-
nessing, loading and unloading. The blinder consists of an inner
and outer piece of russet harness leather stitched together around
the outer edges and joined in the rear by leather thongs, the whole
shaped to fit closely around the animal's eyes.
HALTER BRIDLE, MODEL OF 1910.
This article is designed to furnish a light, strong head harness for a
mule. When leading the animal, on the march, the bit and its straps
are removed from the headstall and fastened to any convenient place
on the pack frame. The two snaps of the lead rein are then fastened
to the floating ring, the body of the rein forming a loop convenient for
holding in the hand.
In riding an animal the lead rein is used in combination with the bit,
headstall, and bit straps as a bridle.
When a mule is picketed to a line the lead rein serves as a halter
strap.
The bit is made of nickel steel to prevent rusting.
CORONA, MODEL OF 1915.
The corona is the first piece of harness placed on the mule's back.
It is a saddle pad made of four thicknesses of good quality gray flannel
blanket, protected from sweat by a lini ig of cotton duck. The corona
is made in three sizes and each size is stenciled on the under side to cor-
respond with the size of the aparejo it is intended to accompany. The
width is 26 inches for all sizes. In placing the corona it is laid well
forward on the mule's back, canvas side down, and then slid to the rear
until its front edge is just behind the point of the withers, care being
taken that the hair lies smooth beneath it.
When manufactured in quantity, 10 per cent are 58-inch, 15 per
cent 60-inch, and 75 per cent 62-inch.
(67)
68
THE SADDLE BLANKET.
The saddle blanket forms additional padding under the aparejo.
It is carried under the aparejo and over the corona.
The blanket is made of pure wool of olive-drab shade, with an
olive-brown border of two stripes. The blankets are rectangular,
72 by 84 inches. Each blanket has the letters "U. S." and the
bursting shell located in the center.
APAREJO, MODEL OF 1911.
This article consists of an aparejo body and one aparejo frame.
The aparejo body is made of two rectangular pieces of leather (back
and belly pieces) sewed together along the edges and through the
middle, forming two pouches. The edges, the middle seams, and
particularly the ends are reinforced with heavy leather facings.
Handholes for stuffing are left in the belly pieces, and holes and
slits laced with thongs are made in the back pieces, so that the
frame, or parts of it, may be inserted, removed, or replaced. The
carrier pieces and front facings have lacing holes for the attachment
and adjustment of the crupper. Two steel chock staples attach the
sobrejalma and pack frame to the aparejo.
The rib sticks are furnished longer than necessary and should be
sawed off to the proper length after the boot and top sticks are
firmly rammed home. The first three sticks (starting at the front)
are of uniform thickness; the remainder are tapered to give the
rear of the aparejo more flexibility than the front. The sticks are
stamped and are intended to be arranged in a gradually diminishing
thickness.
Cloth is tacked to the top stick to prevent the hay from slipping
down.
NOTE. — Aparejos are issued to the service with ribs in place.
They are furnished in 58, 60, and 62 inch sizes. When issued upon
requisition, the sizes are furnished as requested.
When issued without requisition, the sizes are furnished as follows :
15 per cent 58-inch, 50 per cent 60-inch, and 35 per cent 62-inch.
SOBREJALMA, MODEL OF 1910.
This article is a waterproof and wear-reducing covering for the
aparejo. It is made of one thickness of heavy cotton duck, faced
around the edges on the upper side with collar leather. Two leather
reinforces are placed on the upper side to protect the duck from the
wear of the load. Holes are provided through which the chock-
staples of the aparejo protrude; chock straps passing through these
chock-staples hold the sobrejalma and pack-frame on the aparejo.
All sobrej almas are 25 inches wide.
APAPEJO TOP-5TJCK,>
LEFT.
TOP 5TICK PLA
'TOP-STICK BODY.
BOOT- STICK PLATE
BOOT-STICK BOEtt-
Aparejo,Model of I9II; Frame
Left Half.
69
When manufactured in quantity 10 per cent are 58-inch; 15 per
cent are 60-inch, and 75 per cent are 62-inch.
CRUPPER, MODEL OF 1912.
The crupper is made of russet collar leather, shaped (and padded
in the middle) to fit the animal. The sidepieces extend forward,
across the aparejo, and are laced to it in front and held up at rear
by latigo-leather thongs. The depth of the sidepieces affords a
broad surface to bear against the animal and also prevents the crup-
per from sagging. The sidepieces are reinforced with leather, and
those portions which come in contact with the animal's flanks are
lined with duck. Cruppers are made in one size only, 78 inches long.
APAREJO CINCHA, MODEL OF 1910.
The aparejo cincha is 10 inches wide and is made of cotton duck,
folded and stitched along the middle. Both ends are faced with
leather, and the end to which the cincha strap is fastened carries a
five-sixteenths-inch steel rod in the fold of the lacing-end piece,while
the other end has a curved piece of gas pipe (cincha bar). Fifteen
inches from the strap end of the cincha, a leather throng (finger loop)
is attached, which is used to carry the slack of the cincha strap. The
cincha strap is of harness leather and has a rendering ring at one end;
this end is attached to the cincha body by a latigo-leather thong.
The metal parts are either of bronze or are copper plated to prevent
rotting of the leather. The cincha is made in three sizes and when
manufactured in quantity 10 per cent of 68-inch, 15 per cent of 70-
inch, and 75 per cent of 72-inch. The size stamped on the cincha is
the size of the aparejo for which it is designed. The cincha body is
10 inches longer than the corresponding aparejo.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SETTING UP THE APAREJO.
To rib up. — Unlace the slits and handholes; soak the aparejo in
tepid water for about 15 minutes; drain it and lay flat, back pieces
up; insert the boot stick and the top stick through the slit in rear
and press them to their places at the boot and the center-stitch line,
slotted sides up; insert the numbered set of nine ribs 'through the slit
in rear in their numerical order and seat them in that order from
collar to rear in the slots of the boot stick and top stick, butts at the
boot; secure the top of each rib as it is seated by inserting the aparejo
key at the front edge below the collar and passing it over the rib in
place; fasten the key bar to the collar by the thong. *
NOTE. — The aparejo after being set up should under no circum-
stances be allowed to dry in the sun.
70
To fiU or pad. — Turn the aparejo over, belly pieces up; procure
about 6 pounds of long, fine, soft, elastic hay; taking a little at a
time, tease or "mix" it carefully; insert it through the handhole and
thus gradually fill the body of the aparejo with a smooth and even
layer, not more than 2 inches thick.
NOTE. — Other filling may be used in necessity, such as moss, excel-
sior, curled hair, or sea grass; but these substitutes are difficult of
manipulation in alterations necessary to accommodate the rigging
to injuries of the mule. By teasing or " mixing " is meant the arrange-
ment of the stalks of the hay go that they will cross one another. The
body of the aparejo is that part which comes in contact with the body
of the mule. As 3 inches of the lower portion of each boot stick and
3 inches of the upper portion of each top stick must not come into
contact with the mule, no filling should be pressed under the boot
stick or within 3 inches of the center of the stitch line. The body
course tapers, however, so as to overlap the boot stick and saddle bar,
and also tapers toward front and rear.
To face or dress. — To adjust the aparejo more accurately to the
shape of the mule, introduce filling and press it well into the corner
of the front boot; working toward the handhole, continue the facing
along the boot stick and front edge, gradually increasing its thickness
to about 1 inch at 7 inches from the corner and forming its inner
edge into the arc of a circle concentric with the handhole, the thick-
ness tapering to the ends of the arc; continue this for 3 inches more
toward the handhole, rapidly decreasing the thickness to nothing.
Proceed in exactly the same way at the collar; under no circum-
stances should the collar facing reach within 7 inches of the center
of the handhole. Connect the front boot and collar facings by a
dressing along the front edge about 3 inches wide and 1 inch thick,
decreasing in thickness toward the handhole and toward the middle
of the edge.
NOTE. — In facing up, introduce the filling with the palm of the
hand up, so as not to disturb the body course. In case the leather
will not yield enough to permit the filling to be introduced well into
the corners, a tamping stick may be used to raise it. This stick/ used
with the commercial aparejo, is 4 or 5 feet long, 1£ inches in diameter,
wedge-shaped for 4 inches from one end, the edge of the wedge being
about } inch thick and grooved. The object of the boot facing is to
cause* the boot stick to carry horizontally and parallel to the center
of the mule and to give free action to the mule's elbow. Mules of
large barrel will require a thicker facing than described. The object
of the collar facing is to cause the saddle bar to carry horizontally and
parallel with the center of the mule and to protect the mule's withers.
Mules with high withers will require a thicker facing than that
described. In setting to the shape of the mule, the aparejo bends
at the middle of the front edge. It is important that the body
71
course remain undisturbed during dressing, arid that the instructions
given be carefully followed to avoid sore withers or tails and body or
belly bunches.
To attach the crupper. — Stand the aparejo on its boots in its nor-
mal position; secure a lace thong to the front hole on the upper facing
of the crupper on each side and fasten the crupper with short thongs
to the center holes of the carrier pieces on the rear of the aparejo;
pass the crupper lace thong through the second hole from the top of
the front facing of the aparejo, through the second hole of the crup-
per, through the third hole of the aparejo facing, through the fourth
hole of the crupper, and so on, finishing through the bottom holes
of the facing and crupper and tying to the crupper hole.
NOTE. — In lacing the crupper to the aparejo, the thong must be
passed through the holes from the outside and must not be twisted,
the lacing must not cross, and it is important that the tie be made on
the last hole of the crupper instead of the aparejo.
Guayaba, willow, dogwood, hickory, or any other wood combining
the qualities of permanent elasticity and strength may be used to
replace broken ribs. When the set-up aparejo is to be filled, no soak-
ing is necessary; instead, the belly pieces are made pliable by rubbing
with a sponge.
Mules weighing 850 to 900 pounds require a 58-inch aparejo; 1,000
pounds, 60-inch; 1,100 pounds, 62-inch; and for heavier mules requi-
sition should be made for larger sizes.
When the mule is loaded, the cincha, in travel, should free the
elbow by about 1 inch; more than this will prevent a proper grip on
the belly.
If the boots ride high enough on the body of the mule, or if they
reach under the belly, even though they ride horizontally and paral-
lel to the center of the mule, the aparejo will be likely to turn easily.
This fault encourages injuriously tight cinching.
If one or both boots flare out or turn in toward the mule, cinch
sores, sore tails, or belly bunches are caused.
The width of the collar-arch clearance should be at least 5^ inches.
If it is too narrow or too wide, or if the saddle bars slope downward
toward the front, there will be sores on the withers; if they slope to
the rear, there will be injuries over the loins called " kidney sores."
If the lacing of the crupper is drawn too tight at the bottom, the
lower edge of the crupper will rub the buttocks and cause abrasions.
The object to be attained is the uniform distribution of the weight
of a load over that portion of the mule's body which is anatomically
suited to the carrying of a burden, so that the saddle will ride with
little motion and without friction of the bearing surface on the body.
The contact of the bearing surface of the saddle must be close at all
points. As the mule's body swells from front to rear, the more or less
cylindrically shaped aparejo, after the body course is laid, must be
72
modified by facing up so as to provide a concave surface to fit over
the convex surface. But, as the barrel of the properly conformed
mule is nearly cylindrical through the rear half or more of the con-
tact surface, no facing, as a rule, is necessary in the rear part of the
aparejo, although confirmation may require it occasionally. The
above instructions were prescribed by H. W. Daly, chief packm aster,
Quarterma ster's Department.
CAEE OF RUSSET LEATHER.
Leather equipments which have become wet should be dried in the
shade. Wet leather exposed to the direct rays of the sun or to the
heat of a stove or radiator becomes hard and brittle.
When russet-leather equipments become soiled in service they
should be cleaned by carefully washing the leather with a sponge
moistened with a heavy lather made of clean water and Castile or
Frank Miller's soap, and then rubbing vigorously with a dry cloth
until the leather is completely dry.
If the leather becomes harsh, dry, and brittle from exposure to
water or other causes, clean as above described, and while the leather
is still slightly moist apply an exceedingly light coat of neat's-foot
oil by rubbing with a soft cloth moistened (not saturated) with the
oil. If it is found that too much oil has been used, the surplus can
be readily removed by rubbing with a sponge moistened with naphtha
or gasoline. But these oils are not issued for this purpose.
Where a polish is desired, the leather should first be thoroughly
cleaned and then the leather polish or dressing supplied by the Ord-
nance Department should be applied sparingly and thoroughly
rubbed in with a soft, dry cloth. Scars, cuts, or abrasions of the
leather may be improved in appearance but not obliterated by similar
use of the leather polish.
Kusset leather may be cleaned, oiled, and polished as described
above, but it should be noted that if more than a light coat of oil be
given the leather will be greatly darkened and will quickly soil the
clothing. No method of cleaning will restore the original light color
of the leather or remove stains or discolorations.
CARE OF BLACK LEATHER.
To clean and dress black leather, wash it in water (lukewarm pre-
ferred) with Castile soap. An old horse brush will be found very
satisfactory for applying the soap and water. Dry in the shade;
when almost dry, apply the blacking, rubbing it in thoroughly.
Dry in the shade and then apply neat's-foot oil with a sponge or
rag, rubbing it well until the leather is soft and pliable.
When dry, a certain amount of oil and blacking will exude from
the leather ; this should be rubbed off with a dry cloth.
tf-irs
^
1*
Part II (b).— SPECIAL PACK EQUIPMENT.
Axletree lever securing strap.
Axle rest.
Cargo cincha:
Long.
Short.
Fastening straps (for rods, etc.).
Lash ropes.
Load straps for canvas sacks for spare
sticks.
Sling rope.
Thongs.
Trail pads.
Wheel hangers:
Left.
Right, with cincha.
Wheel tie straps.
Ammunition chests:
12.5-pound projectile.
Pack covers. 18-pound projectile.
Pack frames:
Model of 1912.
Heavy.
Plates XII to XXI, inclusive, show some of the special pack equip-
ments with their loads attached, placed on the packs. A description
of the articles in the equipment follows:
THE HEAVY PACK FRAME.
The heavy pack frame consists of a metal body to which are hinged
two pack-frame sides. The body consists of a pommel and a cantle
riveted to two connecting bronze tie braces. Lugs projecting
forward from the pommel and to the rear from the cantle have slots
which drop over the chock staples of the aparejo. Four hook hinges,
on the lower ends of which are cast heavy hooks for engaging side
loads, are riveted to the upper parts of the pack-frame sides and secure
the sides to the body. A pack-frame side has two vertical braces of
spring steel which hang downward and are connected near their upper
and lower ends by steel side bars upon which are riveted side-bar
boards.
PACK FRAME, MODEL OF 1912.
This pack frame consists of steel arches to which are hinged two
pack-frame sides. Lugs projecting forward on the front arch and to
the rear on the rear arch have slots which drop over the chock staples
of the aparejo. Four hook hinges, on the lower ends of which are cast
heavy hooks for engaging side loads, are riveted to the upper parts of
the sides and secure them to the arches by means of pins and split
pins. A pack-frame side has two vertical braces of spring steel which
hang downward and are connected near their upper and lower ends by
steel side bars upon which are riveted side-bar boards. Eight steel
(73)
74
strap-loop clevises with four straps are fastened to the arches by the
pins securing the sides to the arches and furnish means of lashing
articles to the pack frame.
WHEEL HANGER.
These hangers are designed to enable the wheels to be easily and
quickly packed on the pack frame.
The eyes of the yoke fit over the hooks on the pack frame. A
cincha, permanently fastened to the right hanger, holds the load
down.
No linchpin is provided with the hanger, it being intended that the
linchpin from the carriage should be used to hold the wheels in place.
WHEEL-TIE STRAP.
This strap is used for strapping the wheels together. It may be
left on the wheel in action if the carriage is not to be moved any
great distance.
AXLE REST.
This article is used as a seat for the axle on the pommel of the pack
frame.
FASTENING STRAPS.
These straps, 1 inch wide and 47 inches long, are provided to fasten
the sponges, rods, etc., to the frame on the wheel mule.
The loop on the bottom of the strap is designed so that the strap
may be held to the frame when the rods, etc., are removed.
TRAIL PAD.
This pad, of russet bag leather stuffed with curled hair, is designed
to be tied to the bottom of the trail for protecting the mule.
CARGO CINCHA SHORT.
This cincha consists of a double thickness of cotton duck with a
russet-collar leather facing strengthened at the ends with a leather
end piece in which is secured the cincha bars. A cincha strap is
fastened at one end to a cincha bar. This strap is used to go entirely
around the pack animal, binding the load tightly. It is used for the
gun, cradle, and trail packs.
CARGO CINCHA, LONG.
This article is similar to the cargo cincha, short, the difference
being in the length.
It is used for the ammunition packs.
Ml-
PLATE XX
14
\Sadol ler$ Tool Kit.
^4~898
75
LASH CINCHA.
This cincha consists of a cotton-duck body reinforced at the ends
with leather. An aluminum hook at one end and a latigo lacing at
the other end provide means for connecting the body with the lash
rope.
The lash rope and lash cincha are used on the kit packs and are
designed to lash down tightly the side loads, generally with a " dia-
mond hitch."
AXLETREE LEVER SECURING STRAPS.
The spare axletree lever is fastened to the top of the pack frame by
means of these straps. '
LOAD STRAPS.
These straps are designed to fasten canvas sacks of spare aparejo
sticks to the top of the loads.
AMMUNITION CHESTS.
Shell and shrapnel ammunition are issued by the Ordnance Depart-
ment in moisture-proof tin packing cans, hermetically sealed and
placed in wooden packing boxes, 4 rounds per box. The weight of
a filled box is about 100 pounds for 18-pound projectiles and about
75.5 pounds for 12.5-pound projectiles.
For transportation on mules the rounds, including tin containers,
are transferred to the ammunition chests of the pack outfits. The
chests for 18-pound projectiles hold 4 rounds each and those for the
12.5-pound projectiles 5 rounds each, the weights when filled being
about 108.8 pounds and about 103.8 pounds, respectively. Two
ammunition chests are carried on each mule.
Part II (c).— TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES FOR SPECIAL PACK
EQUIPMENT.
Canvas sack for spare sticks.
Chest for fire-control equipment.
Field desk.
Lantern chest.
Lifting bars.
Pioneer rolls, right.
Pioneer rolls, left.
Pouch for spare parts.
Ration crates.
Rigging covers.
Spare sights chest.
Supply chest:
Blacksmith's.
Miscellaneous.
Saddler's.
Tools.
Canvas watering bucket.
Picket rope sections.
Picket pins and eyes.
Blacksmith's tools, set.
A complete list of the tools and accessories for special pack equip-
ment are listed on page 92.
A description of some of these articles follows.
CANVAS SACK FOR SPARE STICKS.
A sack of olive drab duck, tied with cotton chalk line, is used to
carry the spare boot sticks, top sticks, and ribs for the aparejo.
LIFTING BARS.
These bars are designed to facilitate loading the gun, cradle, and
trail to pack.
The collar on the long bar and the bend in the short bar are to
prevent the loads slipping toward either end. The thong in each bar
is provided for tying it to pack.
RIGGING COVER.
The rigging cover, made of olive drab duck, is 43 inches wide and
long enough to cover 8 packs of the outfit when in park.
PICKET-ROPE SECTION AND PICKET PIN AND EYE.
The picket-rope section consists of a 1-inch diameter manila rope
50 feet long with a loop spliced on each end. It is designed to be
stretched along the ground and fastened at the ends with pins. The
animals can then be fastened by means of their halter bridle reins to
this rope in the usual way. One pin is provided for each section.
Where two sections are used together the sections of rope can be
fastened together by means of the loops and a pin driven at each end.
If it is necessary to use the sections separately, a shovel or pick
mattock could be used as a "deadman."
(76)
PLATE XXII
Tool Kit
^4897
77
SCHALLER FORGE AND TOOL CHEST.
[PI. XXIV.]
The Schaller forge and tool chest are parts of the set of black-
smith's tools listed on page 97. They are made entirely of metal.
The drivewheel is mounted upon an arm, which can be swung about
the center of the blower shaft as an axis. The blower, with the arm,
swings about trunnions concentric with the exhaust tube of the
blower. The arrangement is such that the entire mechanism may
be folded within the body of the forge. When set up for use the forge
body is supported by four legs, which are braced by two leg tie-rods.
The lid is supported in a horizontal position and forms a shelf for
tools, etc.
The tool chest accompanying the Schaller forge contains tools and
accessories for use with the forge. The anvil and small vise may be
mounted on the tool chest in fixtures provided for that purpose.
The forge and tool chest are suspended from the pack frame by
means of hanger bars, one riveted to the lid of the forge and the other
to the bottom plate of the tool chest.
BLACKSMITH'S TOOL KIT.
[PI. XXV.]
The blacksmiths' tool kit, which is part of set of blacksmiths' tools,
is a cloth body to which are stitched leather pockets for carrying the
blacksmiths' tools. Two latigo thongs and a leather billet, with
buckle and chape, tie the roll into a compact shape for packing into
the forge tool chest.
POUCH FOR SPARE PARTS.
This is a cylindrical shaped leather case used for carrying small
spare parts for the carriage and hand-fuze setters listed on page 93.
Two fastening straps hold the pouch securely in place on top of the
pack frame.
PACK COVERS WITH ROPES.
Pack covers are made of duck in two pieces each 36 by 72 inches.
They are lapped and stitched together in the middle and are hemmed
on the ends. They are used to wrap the kit packs in before placing
on the mule.
There are provided four manila ropes: A lash rope, 50 feet long, a
sling rope, and two lair ropes, each 30 feet long, which bind the kit
packs and hold them tightly in place on the mule.
PIONEER ROLLS.
[Pis. XVI and XVII.]
The pioneer's pack consists of two rolls, one right and one left, each
carrying the tools as listed on page 91.
78
A pioneer roll is a leather body with straps for holding the tools.
A pack body strap, attached to the body proper by keepers, holds
the roll compactly together for transportation. Kiveted to the back
of the roll is a hanger bar by which the load is suspended from the
pack frame.
SUPPLY CHESTS.
The four supply chests are made of wood, reinforced by corner and
reinforce plates. A partition divides the interior into two compart-
ments to accommodate the supplies carried. To the bottom of the
chest is riveted a hanger bar by means of which the chest is sus-
pended from the pack frame, one on each side of the mule. By
means of a pack cincha rope and two top straps, the former passing
under the aparejo and the latter passing through strap fasteners
screwed to each end of the chest, the load is held securely to the
pack frame. A Yale lock with chain attachment is furnished with
each chest.
For lists of tools carried in these chests see pages 97 and 98.
For supplies carried in these chests, see pages 98, 99, and 100.
[Plate XX.]
The harnessmakers' tool kit is a leather body provided with pockets
for carrying the tools as listed on page 96. Two latigo leather thongs
bind the kit together for loading into the supply chest, carried on the
left side of the supply-chest mule.
CARPENTERS' TOOL KIT.
[Plate XXII.]
The carpenters' tool kit is a leather body provided with pockets for
carrying the tools as listed on page 97. Two latigo leather thongs
bind the kit together for loading into the supply chest.
DUMMY PACKS.
A dummy pack consists of two bodies, two straps, two ropes, two
keepers, two hooks, four hanger eyes, and four rope rings. The
bodies are flat pieces of cast iron, with lugs and hanger eyes on their
underside which engage the pack frame, and are strapped to the
pack harness by means of the ropes, straps, and smaller parts.
For the purpose of exercising the mules under loads without
having to use the regular loads, dummy packs are manufactured
and will be issued on special requisition, if desired, by the battery
commander in sufficient quantity for 28 mules per battery.
PLATE XXV
. buckle chqpe.
Part III.— ALLOWANCE OF AMMUNITION.
The annual allowances of ammunition for the instruction of moun-
tain artillery is prescribed from time to time in War Department
Orders. These orders give full information as to the allowances of
fixed and blank ammunition for the 2.95-inch mountain guns, sub-
caliber cartridges, pistols, and shotguns and care of the same, dispo-
sition of empty shells, etc.
TARGETS.
Description and allowances of mobile artillery targets and acces-
sories are given in the pamphlet, Ordnance Department Form No.
1994.
(79)
Part IV.— GENERAL INFORMATION.
PAINTING ARTILLERY MATERIEL.
The paint issued for this purpose is of olive-drab color put up in
5-pound cans ready for use, and is applied to both wood and metal
parts. If the paint is too thick, turpentine should be used as a
thinner, but not to greater extent than 2 per cent by volume.
All steel and iron nonbearing surfaces should be painted. Wearing
and bearing surfaces, teeth of gear wheels, elevating screws, piston
rods, cylinders, counter-recoil springs, and interior of cradle should
not be painted.
All parts to be painted should be free from dirt or grease. They
may be washed in a liquid made by dissolving one-half pound sal
soda in 8 quarts of warm water, then rinsed in clean water, and
wiped thoroughly dry.
Where the materiel is in fair condition and only marred in spots,
the marred places should be pruned with olive-drab paint, second
coat, and permitted to dry. Then the whole surface should be sand-
papered with No. 1J sandpaper and a coat of paint applied and
allowed to dry thoroughly before use.
Where the materiel is in bad condition all parts should be thor-
oughly sandpapered with No. 2J sandpaper, be given a coat of paint,
and be permitted to dry for at least 24 hours; then sandpapered with
No. 00 sandpaper, apply a finishing coat, and permit the parts to dry
thoroughly before use.
Articles which can be easily cleaned and repainted may be immersed
in the solution. It is forbidden to immerse articles which can not be
entirely repainted, for example: Ammunition chests, the joints, and
some parts of the interior of which it would not be practicable to
repaint.
In general, two coats of paint per year will be sufficient to keep
the materiel in good condition. After repeated painting the paint
may become so thick as to scale off in places or give an unsightly
appearance. It may then be removed for repainting, as follows:
Dissolve 1 pound of concentrated lye, powdered form, in 6 pints
of hot water, and slake in enough lime to give the solution the con-
sistency of paint. Use the solution freshly mixed and apply to the
parts where paint is to be removed with a brush or with waste tied
to the end of a stick. When the solution begins to dry on the surface
(80)
81
use a scraper to remove the old paint, and complete the cleaning of
the surface with cloth and water. If one application is not sufficient
to loosen the paint, apply a second coat. Before painting wash the
surface with sal soda water, rinse with clean water, and then wipe
thoroughly as described above.
OIL FOR ARTILLERY MATERIEL.
For the service, cleaning, and preservation of this materiel the
Ordnance Department issues hydroline oil, lubricating oil, clock oil,
sperm oil, coal oil, neat's-foot oil, and light slushing oil. Each of
these oils is suited for the particular purpose for which it is issued,
as stated below, and care should be taken that it is not used for other
purposes.
The hydroline oil is for use in the recoil cylinders of the carriages
and for no other purpose.
The lubricating oil will be used exclusively in all oil holes of the
materiel and in lubricating such parts as wheels and axles, gun slide,
and elevating mechanisms, hinges, different surfaces of breechblocks,
threads of breech recess, etc.
Clock oil should be used on all bearings of the panoramic sight,
and fuze setters, and worms of the rear sight.
In all cases clock oil should only be used when the instruments
mentioned are disassembled for cleaning. When used it should be
applied by dropping from the end of the dropper attached to the end
of the cork.
The sperm oil is a lighter lubricant than the lubricating oil, and
may be used on the gears of sights, fuze setters, parts of pistols, etc. ;
lubricating oil may also be used on such parts.
Coal oil is used by the Ordnance Department for cleaning purposes.
In the field it may be used for lanterns. Coal oil for general illumi-
nating purposes is furnished by the Quartermaster's Department.
Neat's-foot oil is used for -the care and preservation of all leather
equipment.
Light slushing oil is prescribed for use in the protection and preser-
vation of all bright or unpainted surfaces of steel or iron on all parts
of the equipment when the materiel is to remain unused for an
appreciable length of time. Its use as a lubricant for mobile artillery
is forbidden.
Before applying the slushing oil to any surface, the part should be
thoroughly cleaned, so as to be free from rust, water, coal oil, lubri-
cating oil, etc., as their presence will cause rusting under the slushing
oil. The slushing oil should then be applied in a thin, uniform coat,
since this is ALL that is necessary to give good protection.
Except in very cold weather it can be applied by using a paint
brush as when painting; in cold weather it should be applied by
61714—16 6
82
stippling — that is, lightly tapping the surface with the end of the
sash tool held with bristles perpendicular to the surface to be cov-
ered. It can be applied to the bores of guns by the slush brush
issued for the purpose. In cold weather it should be warmed before
use for coating the bores of guns.
It may be readily removed by the use of burlap or waste dipped in
coal oil.
REPAIRS FOE FIELD ARTILLERY MATERIEL ISSUED TO THE UNITED
STATES ARMY AND THE NATIONAL GUARD.
Instructions relative to making repairs to field batteries and fur-
nishing ordnance stores and supplies for them will be found in the
general orders issued by the War Department from time to time.
Instructions in reference to the care, use, and repair of delicate
instruments, such as sights, telescopes, and range finders will be found
in General orders, No. 47, War Department, Washington, March 24,
1905, and in O. O. pamphlet, Form No. 1795.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR RIVETING.
Whenever a rivet is broken, loose, or needs replacing for any reason
the rivets should be heated to a light yellow (just below white) color.
They may be heated in the forges furnished with the battery equip-
ment or in a permanent blacksmith's forge. While heating keep the
rivets covered with coals in order to prevent scaling. Rivets one-
fourth inch and less in diameter may be driven cold when it is imprac-
ticable to heat them. Drive them hot, however, when practicable.
Drive all rivets greater than one-fourth inch in diameter hot in all
cases. Do not overheat or burn the rivets. Remove all scale from
rivets after heating and before driving. Drive the rivets home
with a hammer before attempting to form the head. Hold rivets
solidly in place with a sledge, crowbar, and fulcrum, railroad iron
or similar heavy piece of steel. Partially form the head with the
face and peen end of a hammer. When the head is practically
formed by this operation use a rivet set for final forming of the head.
The rivet set is only for this final operation. Loose rivets will result
if they are not peened down with a hammer before the rivet set is
used. The rivets must be held solidly in place while the riveting
is being done, otherwise loose rivets result.
Before starting to heat the rivets the pieces to be riveted should be
carefully fitted and bolted together. If the holes in the two pieces
are not in perfect alignment the cause should be determined and
rectified instead of attempting to drift the pieces into alignment.
If necessary for perfect alignment a slight amount of reaming or
filing will be permitted. In no case should a rivet hole be reamed
83
larger than about one-sixty-fourth inch in excess of the diameter
of the rivet. On account of inaccessibility, it is sometimes difficult
to insert a rivet. In such cases it may be inserted with a twisted
stiff wire or with a small wooden stick split at the end to hold the rivet.
Arrangements must be made beforehand to back up or hold the rivet
in place the instant it is located in order that it may not have cooled
too much for proper riveting. Hot riveting is preferable to cold
riveting as the head is more easily formed when hot and the 'contrac-
tion of the rivet in cooling gives a tighter fit.
SUGGESTIONS FOR CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF MATERIEL.
Various suggestions in reference to the care of this materiel and
hints regarding things to be done or to be avoided are scattered
throughout the text of this handbook; some of the more important
are here condensed for more convenient reference. Careful compli-
ance with these suggestions will avoid delay and possible injury to
personnel or materiel.
The firing pin should habitually be carried uncocked.
Recock carefully with a lanyard after a hangfire or a misfire. The
breechblock should not be opened for at least one minute after a
misfire.
All work upon the recoil system, sights, and other optical equip-
ment should be done in the presence of a commissioned officer.
See that proper kind of oil is used in cylinders and for lubrication.
Strain the oil used in filling the cylinders through a fine clean cloth
and be sure that the receptacles used in handling the oil are clean.
Take every precaution to keep the interior of the cylinders clean
and to prevent the entrance of foreign particles.
Lash parts with copper wire to prevent unscrewing.
Before firing, inspect to insure that cylinders are properly closed
and that the piston rods are locked in place.
If time permits, oil slides before firing.
Note length of recoil for first few shots to insure that the recoil
mechanism is working properly.
If the gun fails to return fully into battery, it is probably due
(1) to dirt on slides and guides; (2) to cutting of sliding surfaces on
account of dirt and lack of oil; (3) to gland being screwed up too
tightly; (4) to dirt or foreign particles in the cylinder; (5) to weak-
ness of springs. Ninety per cent of such cases will be found due to
(1), (2), or (3).
Replace and properly open all split pins after replacing nuts.
Prevent possible injury to cannoneers by causing them to stand
clear of the counter-recoil-spring column in 'assembling or dis-
mounting.
84
Do not strike any metal part directly with a hammer; interpose a
buffer of wood or copper.
Frequently verify the adjustment of sights and quadrant.
Require special care in handling sights.
Be sure that the range strip of the rear-sight shank is graduated
for the particular type of ammunition used by the battery.
Do not unnecessarily expose ammunition to the sun or load it into
a warm gun before time for firing; if this is done, erratic shooting
may result.
Battery commanders should frequently make a detailed inspection
of all of the vehicles in the battery to see if any part of them are
broken and any nuts, screws, split pins, etc., missing. If any such
defects are found, he should immediately take steps to replace broken
or missing parts. This is of the utmost importance, and compliance
with these instructions will do much toward prolonging the life of
the vehicles.
All nuts are secured by split pins, which should be replaced and
properly opened when nuts are screwed home.
See that fuzes are set at safety for transport.
Use the small primer-inserting press for inserting primers in car-
tridge cases and the decapping tools provided for removing old
primers.
In all requisitions and correspondence the correct name of the part
• referred to (if known) should be given. If the name of the part is
not known, submit a sketch showing the location, shape, materiel, etc.,
sufficient to establish definitely the identity of the parts in question.
The use of the word "complete™ in requisitions to signify a com-
bination of parts sometimes leads to misunderstanding of the exact
parts wanted. The tables of nomenclature of parts have been
arranged to show the parts included under the terms ' 'one trail, com-
plete; one wheel, complete," etc., and should be carefully studied
before requisitions are made out to insure that all the parts wanted
are included 'and duplications avoided. For example, if a piston rod
is wanted, the order should state whether it is to be with or without
the piston head. If all details are itemized, it will avoid mistakes
and unnecessary expense.
Smokeless powder must not be used for blank charges.
SUPPLIES IN GENERAL.
All bits, both curb and snaffle, are made of 27 per cent nickel steel,
a practically noncorrosive metal.
The olive-drab saddle blanket is regulation for all arms of the
service.
The supply of ammunition to be kept on hand in a 2.95-inch-gun
battery will be a sufficient amount to fill all the ammunition chests
85
of the equipment and, in addition, a sufficient number of rounds to
cover the needs for annual target practice.
Pistol arm racks, are issued for use of Mountain Artillery in such
number as may be required to hold the pistols on hand in the battery.
Each pistol arm rack holds 80 pistols.
A reloading and cleaning outfit for 2.95-inch guns for removing
fired primers from and cleaning cartridge cases and for reloading
blank ammunition is furnished to each battery.
METHOD OF LOADING THE BATTERY EQUIPMENT ON RAILROAD CARS.
The equipment of a battery of mountain artillery can be placed on
one freight box car or two gondola cars. The first is far preferable,
as the equipment will pack better and there is cover. The, gondola
cars should be used only in emergency. In loading, the boxes in
which the equipment was originally packed should be used for long
trips ; otherwise the following method is suggested :
The guns and carriages should be assembled and located in one
end of the car, each carriage being blocked to the floor, the tools for
each carriage being tied in a bundle and placed underneath the car-
riage. The frames for carrying the gun, etc., should be nested in
the same end of the car, together with the sets of pack harness which
belong to the same. Each set should be tied together with the
cincha, the corona, saddle blanket, etc., being first folded inside of
the same. The remaining frames should be similarly nested in the
other end of the car. The remaining sets of pack harness should be
tied as above and packed one on top of the other. All packs, tools,
etc., should be lashed with rope. The ammunition and kit packs
should be the last items packed. The ammunition should be placed
in the middle of the car and the kit packs thrown in to steady the
load.
EQUIPMENT.
The following table sets forth the total equipment of one 2.95-inch
mountain gun battery on war footing. A column shows in general
where each article should be carried, but the battery commander
may use his discretion as to the disposition of such articles for which
no particular fitting is provided or for which no place is shown.
86
87
"c
rO
1
•i
(3
1
O
r<
i.
£
<3
I
^
1
Property
classifica-
tion.
•uotpas
N CS| OJ N <M
»D
> £ > > >
Combat train, mules.
•sajiddng
•sepiddng
•uoniimraray
t-
to
S
§§ S • •
1
1
1
S
B
•jeauoij
•uonrurrarav
S
CO
~ ::::::::
•aipBJO
•unn
„
•(spunod) qoi38 jo l\$i<3M.
: : : : : :£ : : g
Name of article.
1 i i i i il i i
<® '• '. ', \ !rfl ' S
s for gun (see list on p. 91)
,s for carriage (see list on p. 91)
Packs for one battery.
ick harness
inder, model of 1916 2
lalter bridle, model of 1910
jorona, model of 1915
addle blanket
iparejo, model of 1911 (with hay, 6 po
obrejalma, model of 1910
iparejo cincha, model of 1910
;rupper, model of 1912
otes on p. 90.
*S ' OT <0 'G
Bq pT^ o "S §
._ r i
.^HQ^'—Cj-^CTJcOO}®® ^
illiill^il^ii ^
88
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classifica-
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•uono9g
•SSBIO
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.^MK(9aoWi
- -S ^^ ^^^^oo^ «So,c,^S
Combat train, mules.
•»!a
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e
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•sajiddng
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Firing battery, mules.
EQ
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: : : : :^ ^ : : : :
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'(spunod) qot?9 jo ?q3reA\.
co
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co eo C3 * csi " I-H oooi-i * 1-1 o
Name of article.
Packs for one battery— Continued.
(2) The special pack equipment:
« i ill! i :::::: i i i : ! i
| i :•§! ! i :::::: i i i i : :
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90
NOTES FOR TOTAL EQUIPMENT TABLE.
1 Two hundred and sixty-four rounds carried on wagons.
2 Ten blinders are issued per battery.
s The hay is not furnished with the aparejo.
One aparejo consists of —
1 aparejo body.
1 aparejo frama, (model of 1911), comprising—
1 aparejo top-stick body, right.
1 aparejo top-stick body, left.
1 apare
o boot-stick body, right.
1 aparejo boot-stick body, left.
2 aparejo keys.
1 apare. o top-stick plate, right.
1 aparejo top-stick plate, left.
1 aparejo boot-stick plate, left.
1 aparejo boot-stick plate, right.
2 sets of aparejo ribs (10 to the set).
2 thongs, •& by 64 inches.
2 thongs, -& by 20 inches.
2 thongs, -fo by 16 inches.
2 thongs, •& by 14 inches.
< One heavy pack frame consists of—
1 pack-frame tie-brace, right.
1 pack-frame tie-brace, left.
1 pack-frame pommel.
1 pack-frame cantle.
4 pack-frame pins and split pins.
2 pack-frame sides, consisting of —
4 side braces.
2 side bars.
2 side-bar boards.
2 brace bars.
2 brace, bar boards.
4 hook hinges, 2 right, 2 left.
6 One pack frame, model of 1912, consists of —
1 pack-frame body, consisting of—
2 pack-frame sides, comprising —
4 side braces.
2 side bars.
2 side-bar boards.
2 brace bars.
2 brace-bar boards.
4 hook hinges.
2 arches.
4 strap-loop clevises.
4 pack-frame pins with split pins.
4 pack-frame top straps.
4 top-strap rendering rings.
6 Wheel hanger, right, consists of—
1 wheel hanger yoke.
1 wheel hanger arm.
2 wheel hanger buffer pieces.
1 wheel hanger hinge strap.
1 wheel hanger loop.
1 wheel hanger cincha and strap.
* Wheel hanger, left, consists of—
1 wheel hanger yoke.
1 wheel hanger arm.
2 wheel hanger buffer pieces.
1 wheel hanger hinge strap.
1 wheel hanger " D " ring.
8 A number of 18-pound projectiles will be issued in lieu of 12.5-pound projectiles until supply is
exhausted. Eight rounds of 18-pound shell per pack are carried and the number of each on hand should
be in proper proportion.
91
List of tools and accessories, and spare parts for the gun and carriage.
_
Name of the article.
Weight of each.
3S
!!-
«ii
isi
T>
Where carried.
Number required
for one battery.
Property
classifica-
tion.
1
o
Section.
* Tools and accessories for gun and
carriage.
Pounds.
3.75
5.8
1
1.5
.4
3.1
2
On wheel mule
8
4
{
4
4
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
8
8
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
4
8
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
4
40
8
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
12
4
1
1
IV
Handspike
On trail mule '
On gun mule
On cradle mule
do
Cradle tompions (set)
....do
Piston-rod protector
.05
5.3
.8
1.7
.4
7.6
7.6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
do
On wheel mule
Sponge brush cover
do
Horizontal oiler filled model of 1913.
Muzzle cover
On trail mule
Tool pocket with inside pockets,
filled.
Tool pockets with inside straps,
filled.
Drift
On cradle mule . ...
do
In tool pocket with inside straps,
do
Hammer
... do
Pinch bar and tommy
do . .
Screw driver
1
1
.... do
Spanner and screw driver
do
Spanner wrench
.... do
Spring compression tool
do
Steel drift
.... do
Wrench
do ....
Pliers . ....
In tool pocket with inside straps.
do
File, dead, smooth, 6 inches, 3
square.
File hand, smooth 8 inches flat
. . do
.5
In gunner's pouch
Gunner's quadrant pouch
Carried where convenient
Gunner's quadrant
In quadrant pouch
2
2
1
1
1
On cradle mule
Oil can tubular filled
6
2
.6
10.5
8 8
On ammunition mule
do
Gunner's pouch
On trail mule
Sight case
On cradle mule
Pouch for spare parts
On ammunition mule
Gunner's quadrant chest
Not carried in field
Spare parts for gun.
Carrier axis pin with split pin
Total
weight
66
In tool pockets with inside
pockets.
do
Extractor
1 38
Extractor axis pin with split pin. .
Firing pin
.42
2.75
.19 *
86
do
do
Firing-pin point
do
Guide plate
do
Hand fever ....
2.44
.56
.67
.125
do
Hand-lever axis pin with split pin .
Hand-lever catch .
...do
. do
Hand-lever catch pivot
...do
Hand-lever catch spring
125
. do
Locking bolt \
.31
69
do
Locking boltspring /
Main spring ...
. do...
Split pin for mechanism
1
1 19
..do
Trigger sear
do
do
Trigger, complete
do
Spare sights.
Sight model of 191?
10.37
4 25
In spare sight chest
.... do
Teat wrench for panoramic sight
.3
do
Spare parts for carriage.
09
In pouch for spare parts
Axle-tree lever with nut
2.44
24
On any ammunition mule
In pouch for spare parts
In buffer spring case
3 72
Cradle axis bolt catch
17
In pouch for spare parts
Cradle axis bolt catch lever ...
.24
...do...
92
List ^ft^^ls and accessories, and spare parts for the gun and carriage — Continued.
^o
T3
s >>
Property
fj
T3 S
"3 S
classifica-
o>
£&
O*£
tion.
Name of the article
0
*® 8
Where carried
"^
s II s^
Jg
d
•Sf
®
IRS
§s
1
-s
£
fe
^^
I
Spare parts for carnage- Contd.
'
1
Pounds.
Cradle axis bolt catch lever split
0.06
In pouch for space parts— Contd.
4
£in.
vating joint pin stop screw
06
.. do .
• 4
Equalizing spring
3 5
do
4
2
Filling plug with chain
1.31
do . .
Filling plug packing
.03
21
do
12
4
IV
2
Lanyard
do
Linch pin with spring
.44
04
do
2
4
Piston screw
do
Piston rod and cup leather packing.
Shaft locking screw
.19
19
do
12
6
do
Sleeve split pin
.38
do
4
2
Bolts, 0.375 by 3 125 with nuts
do
Tools and accessories and spare parts for the special pack equipment.
Name of part.
Weight of each
(pounds).
Number required
for one gun or
carriage.
Where carried.
Number required
for one battery.
Property
classifica-
tion.
3
Section.
Tools and accessories for special
pack equipment.
Ax
In pioneer roll, 3 right, 3 left
In supply chest, saddler's
24
2
8
4
1
2
1
3
4
3
2
6
20
1
8
1
12
4
2
12
12
4
10
11
4
4
14
1
2
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
8
IV
X
IV
IV
X
X
IV
IV
X
}!V
IV
}IV
IV
1"
}IV
}*
IV
X
IV
9
10
2
9
9
10
2
9
10
2
9
2
9
2
10
2
9
9
9
9
Bag for hardware
Ball peen hammer. .
In pioneer roll, 1 right, 1 left
In pioneer roll 1 right
Bencli ax
Blacksmith's apron for saddler
In supply chest, blacksmith's. . .
do
Bag for nails
Bag for borax
In supply chest, saddler's
Bag for rivets
do
Bag for tacks
do
Bag for sponges, thread, and wax,
1 each.
Bag for horseshoe nails
do
In supply chest, blacksmith's . . .
On ammunition mules
Canvas sack for spare sticks, filled..
Canvas watering bucket
10.2
1.5
1 pioneer mule, 1 kit mule, 1
gun mule.
In supply chest, blacksmith's . . .
In pioneer roll, 1 right, 1 lett
On signal mule
Coal bag
Cross peen hammer
Field desk
97
Long-handled shovel
In pioneer roll 3 left
Long lifting bar
5.2
1
On trail mule
Oil can rectangular
In supply chest, miscellaneous . .
In pioneer roll, 1 right, 2 left
In pioneer roll, 2 right, 1 left
In pioneer roll 1 left
Pickax
Pick mattock
Pliers
Picket rope section
13.5
12
77.5
78.5
16
On ammunition mule
Picket pin and eye
do
Pioneer roll, right
1
1
On pioneer mule
Pioneer roll left
do
Rigging cover . .
On ammunition mule
Rope (50 feet)
In supply chest, blacksmith's. . .
On ration mule
Ration crates
15.5
4.5
205
...„
Short lifting bar
On cradle and gun mules
On forge mule
Set of blacksmith's tools
Set of carpenter's tools
In supply chest tools
Sledge
11 5
Pioneer roll left
Set of saddler's tools
In supply chest tools
Supply chest blacksmith's
96
96
107
107
On supply mule
Supply chest, tools
do
Supply chest miscellaneous
do
Supply chest saddler's
do
Short-handled shovel
3 in pioneer roll, right
Spare sight chest
13.47
22
..„.
On ammunition mule
Lantern chest, containing 2 lan-
terns.
On pioneer mule 1; remainder on
ammunition mules.
93
Tools and accessories and spare parts for the special pack equipment — Continued.
Name of part.
Weight of each
(pounds).
Number required
for one gun or
carriage.
Where carried.
Spare tools and spare parts for spe-
cial pack equipment.
Pack harness:
Aparejo top stick —
Right 1
6
2
In sacks for spare aparejo sticks . .
do
Left
Aparejo hoot stick-
Right
do
Left J
do
Aparejo ribs (sets of 10 ribs) . . .
do
Not carried in field
do
Long lifting bars
dn
Short lifting bars
1 rin
Repair links 0.125 wide (Diamond
No. 65).
For pack frame, model of 1912:
Hook hinges
In Schaller forge tool chest
Not carried in field
Arches
do
do
Pack frame pins
do
Split pins, -jArinch diameter,
f-inch long.
Side bar boards
do
do
do
Side bars
do
Brace liars
do
Side braces
do
Heavy pack frame:
Hook hin^e right
do
Hook hinge left
do
Side 1 races
do
Side bar
. .. do
Side-bar board
do
Brace bar
do
Brace-bar board
do .
Pack frames pins
do
Split pins, ^-inch diameter
f-inch long.
Steel rivets, assorted, as follows:
^-inch diameter, § inch long,
round head.
\ inch diameter, H inch long,
round head.
•& inch diameter, •& inch long,
countersunk head.
•& inch diameter, fi inch long,
flat head (head \ inch diam-
eter, TS inch high).
•& inch diameter, | inch long,
flat head (head \ inch diam-
eter, A inch high).
Spare parts for hand fuze setters.
Model of 1905 M fuze setter:
.. do
do
do
do .
do
-
do
4
6
• In pouch for spare parts
Handle screws
do
3
do
Corrector scale screws
4
do
2
do
2
do
0 063 by 0 47 steel pins
2
do
4
do
2
do
4
do
4
do
Model of 1912 fuze setter:
Range ring screws
12
..do ..
6
do
Range indices
4
. do
Index plungers
4
do
4
Hn
Guide-plate lock screws
4 do
Oil-hole screws
8 i Ho
8
do
StorKnin screws . . .
3
...do...
sfe
I1
60
M
120
rn
120
Property
classifica-
tion.
G
Section.
> IV
ft
94
Range-finding and fire-control equipment.
Name of article.
Property,
classification.
Class. Section.
Battery commanders' ruler, wooden
Battery commander's telescope and mount, model of 1904, 1905, or 1915.
Case for battery commander's telescope and mount
Accessories carried in case:
1 teat wren?h
1 pin wrench
1 screw driver
1 camel's-hair brush
Battery commander's telescope tripod
Case for battery commander's telescope tripod
Flash-lights:
With hoods
Without hoods
Time-interval recorders
Chains for time-interval recorders
Tape, steel, 100 feet
Aiming circle
Case for aiming circle
Aiming circle tripod
Case for aiming circle tripod -
Range finder, 1 meter base, model of 1916
Case for range finder
Range-finder tripod.
Case for range-finder tripod ,
1 Will be issued when available.
2 Range finders will be issued without requisition when available.
Instruction equipment.
Property
.,
classification.
"No
Article.
Where carried.
Class.
Section.
1
Shrapnel sectionalized with fuze
Not carried in field
I IT
1
do
/ v
4
Individual personal equipment.
No.
Name of article.
Where carried.
Property
classification.
Class.
Section.
1
1
1
21
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.•>
(a) For enlisted men individually mounted on
horse or mule:
Can bacon model of 1913
Carried by man
jix
VII
IX
VII
} :x
1 IX
' ix
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
Canteen model of 1910
do
Canteen cover dismounted, model of 1910 ....
do
Cartridge^ ball pistol
do
Cup
do
Fork
do
Knife
do
Magazines pistol extra
do
Meat can
do
Pistol
do
Pistol belt, without saber ring
do
Pistol holster
do
do
Spoon
do
do
Furnished by Quartermaster's Department —
Identification tag
do
Shelter tent half
i
Shelter-tent 'pole
Shelter-tent r>ees . . .
95
Fniividuil personal equipment — Continued.
No.
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Name of article.
Where carried.
Property
classification.
Class.
Section.
(ft) For dismounted men:
Bolo
Carried by man
(• VII
IX
VII
IX
VII
} IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
IX
5
1
2
1
2
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
Bolo scabbard
do
Can, bacon, model of 1913
...do...
Can, condiment
. do
Canteen, model of 1910
do
Canteen, cover, dismounted, model of 1910
do
Cartridges, bail, pistol
do
Cup
do
Fork
do ... .
Haversack, model of 1910.
do
Knife
do
Magazines, pistol, extra
... do.
Meat can
do
Pistol
do
Pistol belt, without saber ring
.. do
Pistol holster..
do
Pouch for first-aid packet
...do...
Spoon 1 do
(c) Horse equipment for each man mounted on a
horse:
Bridle, field artillery. .
On horse
Currycomb...
do
Feed bag
...do....
Grain bag
. do
Halter headstall..
do
Halter tie rope
do
Horse brush...
. do
Link
do
Saddle. McClellan, field artillery. . .
...do....
Saddlebags, pair. . .
. do
Saddle blanket.
do
Surcingle
do
(d) Horse equipment for each" man mounted on a
mule:
Currycomb
On mule
Feed bag
... do
Grain bag
do
Halter-bridle, model of 1910 (with leather reins) .
Horse brush
do
.. do
Link .
do
Saddle, mule, riding
...do
Saddlebags, pair . .
...do....
Saddle blanket.
. do
Surcingle
do
(e) For bell and spare horses and spare mules:
Feed bag..
On horse .
Grain bag
do
Halter headstall
...do....
Halter tie rope . .
. do
Saddle blanket
do
Surcingle
do
(/) For pack mule in addition to pack harness
Currycomb
On mule
.do
Feed bag
do
Grain bag
do
Horse brush
.. .do ...
Surcingle
do
1 Saddles to be equipped with 1 stirrup guidon socket per battery.
96
Miscellaneous equipment.
No.
Article.
Where carried.
Property
classification.
Class.
Section.
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
18
U
1145
12
18
Set of decappiiig, cleaning, and priming tools con-
sisting of:
1 storage chest Not carried in field
V
V
X
X
„ X
5
5
1
9
1 saluting-powder measure -do
Subcaliber and drill cartridge kits, each consisting
of:
3 drill cartridges
doa
do
1 cleaning rod
do
do
1 0y0pJe(>(J
do
do
In tin box—
..do
do
do
....do
do
. .do
do
Marking outfit, model of 19 10, for leather, goods,
consisting of:
1 set bronze stamps, including all letters of the
alphabet, figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, star,
comma, and period.
Marking outfit, model of 1910, for metal goods, con-
sisting of:
1 poplar chest
Not carried in field
1 set steel stamps, including all the letters of
the alphabet, figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0,
...do
1 mallet
do
do
Seal stamp, consisting of handle and stamps, the
do
Stencil outfit, consisting of:
do
1 set letter stencils A to Z, period, and charac-
do
1 set letter stencils A to Z, period, and charac-
do
do
do
1 set numbers U to 9, 2 mc size
.do
i stencil rus . . . -
do
...do
do
..do
Where convenient
(For targets, see 0. O. Pamphlet No. 1994.)
Furnished by Quartermaster's Department:""
16 in supply chest, miscella-
neous.
4 pounds in bag for horseshoe
nails.
Nails horseshoes pounds . .
Polo sets (see U A E M )
Not carried in field
do
p
>,x
5
2
5
Halter chains
do
Fencing outfits, infantry, sets
do
do
do
1 Issued when requested.
97
Blicksmith's tools for one mountain gun battery.
No. of article on
plate XXV.
1
£
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Name of article.
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication.
Class.
Section.
......
21
22
12
Schaller forge. ..
On forge mill A
X
9
Vise.. .
do
Schaller forge tool chest
do
Anvil, 34 pounds . . .
In Schaller forge tool chest. .
do
Blacksmith's apron
Shoeing box leather
do
Blacksmith's tool kit
do
Chisel, handled for cold iron, 1-pound 6-
ounce.
Clinch cutter . . .
In blacksmith's tool kit
do
Clinching iron
do
Creaser, steel, handled
do
Drills, flat .
For garrison use onlv
2
13
19
17
18
16
8,10
5
6
""26"
11
1
File, 12-inch, flat, second-cut
In blacksmith's tool kit. ..
do
File, 8-inch, three-square, taper
Fire rake
do
Fire shovel
do
Hammer, rounding, 14-inch handle, 2-pound
Hammer, shoeing
do
do
Handles, spare, for cold chisel
do
Hardie, 0.562 (&), square shank, 1-inch bit. .
do
Pritchel, 0.562 (^), flats, 9-inch
do.. ..
Ratchet drill for square-shank drill
For garrison use only
In blacksmith's tool kit
do
Shoeing knife
Shoeing pincers
Shoeing rasp, 16-inch
do
Tool kit for Schaller forge
In Schaller forge tool chest . .
In blacksmith's tool kit
do
14
7
3
15
Tongs, horseshoer's.
Whetstone, farrier's, 10-inch
Wrench, screw, 8-inch, knife-handled
do
Cutting nippers, 14-inch
do
Carpenter's tools for one mountain gun battery.
No. of article on
plate XXII.
Number.
Name of article.
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication,
Class.
Section.
12
9,10,
11,16
6
5
17
15
7
18,'i9,"
21,22
23
...„
4
.....
~"i4~"
24
20
13
3
1
1
I6
1
1
1
1
1
3
}4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Carpenter's tool kit
In supply chest tools
X
9
Bevel, 8-inch
In carpenter's tool kit
do
Bits, auger, 6 sizes
Bit, double, 2-inch
do
Bit, expansive, two cutters
do
Bit, screw-driver, size 0.375 inch .
do
Bit, wood, countersink, 0 625 inch
do
Brace, ratchet, 10-inch sweep
.do
Chisels, socket framing, three sizes
In supply chest tools
Drills, twist, sizes A, A, A, and & inch
File, saw, 6-inch
In carpenter's tool kit . .
do
File, 10-inch, flat, bastard
In supply chest tools
Hammer, claw, bell face
In carpenter's tool kit
Handle tool containing 10 tools . .
do
Handle, file aluminum
In supply chest tools
Knife, drawing, folding and adjustable han-
dle.
Oilstone, unmounted
In carpenter's tool kit
In supply chest tools
..do..
Plane, smoothing, wood
Rasp, wood, 10-inch.
do
Rule boxwood 2-foot 4-fold
In carpenter's tool kit
do
Saw, crosscut, 20-inch
Saw set .
do
Screw driver 5-inch blade 10-inch
do
Square, steel, 12-inch body, 8-inch tongue.
.do
Wrench, screw, 12-inch
In suppl jf chest tools
61714—16-
98
S'liiler's tools for one mountain gun battery.
|B
n
i!_
4,5,6,
7,8,9,
32
3S
24
22
10
29
20
21
32
2
16
3s
......
"32"
32
32
32
32
32
27
17
31
33, 34,
V
37
30
12
13
18
25
26
Bi
85,
23
32
Number.
Name of article.
'
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication.
Class.
Section.
i1:
i
2
2
2
12
1
1
};
i
i
i
i
i
l
l
l
l
l
2
Saddler's tool kit sheepskin
In supply chest tools
In saddler's tool kit
do
X
9
Awl blades, harness, assorted, Nos.43 to 48,
inclusive.
Awl seat handled
. do
Carriage pricking 3 wheels
do
Compass 6-inch
. do
Creaser double lignum vitse
do
Edge tool No 1
do
Edge tool No 2
do
Extra blades with followers for draw gauge
do .
Gauge draw brass without guard
do
Hammer No 3 riveting
do
Handle peg awl with wrench
do
Hafts patent awl, with wrench
do
Knife round
do
Knife splitting 6-inch , .
In supply chest tools
Needlecise leather
In saddler's tools kit
Needles glover's No 3, paper
do
Needles harness No 4 papers
do
Needles, harness, No. 5, papers
Needles harness No 6 papers
do
do
Needles sacking assorted
do
Nipper^ cuttintr 10-inch
do
do
Pliers 6-inch
do
Punches round assorted
do
do
Rivet set
do .
do
do
Slicker steel' '
.do
Shears 10-inch bent trimmers
do
Shoe knife broad point
..do
do
Stitching clamp
..do
do
Tool claw
. ..do
Thimbles best aluminum-lined steel 2 sizes
do
Allowance for six months of cleaning and preserving materials for one mountain butter)/.
Num-
ber.
Article.
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication.
In pack.
In
store.
Class.
Section.
21
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
6
6
8
1
4
2
I
2
15
Carried where convenient . .
X
10
i pound in supply chest,
saddler's.
2*
1
1
1
1
1
Brush sash No 3 j
Burnei s, laitern, Dietz Vesta
In supply chest, tools
P.orriprl whp.rp. p.rvnvp.nip.nt
2
1
1
Cloth emery No J do
Cloth' emery No. 0 . . ...do
Cloth emery No 00 do
In supply chest, miscellane-
ous.
rln
do
In supply chest, tools
..„..
B
8
1
4
2
1
2
13
Naphthaline poun ' ^
Oil, clock, ounce, 1 -ounce bottle
Oil hvdroline ^aliens 5-gallon cans
Oil Unseed raw 1-pint cans
Oil' lubricating ' gallons
Oil neat's-foot do
2 in -uipply chest, miscella-
neous.
99
Allowance for six months of cleaning and preserving materials for one mountain battery —
Continued.
Num-
ber.
Article.
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication.
In pack.
In
store.
Class.
Section.
2
2
1
40
3
?
40
1
1
28
4
24
6f>
5
25
5
Oil, slushing, light gallons
2
2
X
10
Oil, coal do
Oil, sperm do .
In supply chest, miscella-
neous.
Paint, olive-drab, third-coat pounds .
Paint, rubberine, gallons (1 gallon cans)
40
1
40
1
1
Petrolatum (vaseline) ounces (in tin box).
Polish. Gibson's soap, 16-ounce cans
Sal soda, pounds, bulk
2 in supply chest, tools .
Sand paper No. U quire
Sand paper No. 00 do...
Soap, castile pounds. .
Soap, H. & H. cakes or "Paco"
4 pounds, in supply chest,
blacksmith's.
8 pounds in supply chest,
miscellaneous.
In supply chest, miscella-
neous.
10 pounds in supply chest,
blacksmith's.
5 in supply chest, saddler's..
2 in supmy chest, miscella-
neous."
3 in supply chest, saddler's..
16
Soap, saddle, Frank Miller's pounds. .
Sponges, 4-inch
14
60
Sponges, large size 5t or 6 inch
2 pounds in supply chest,
tools.
4.75 pounds in supply chest,
blacksmith's.
1.75 pounds in supply chest,
miscellaneous.
In supply chest tools
Wicks, lantern, size 0
16.5
Allowance for six months of saddler's material for one mountain battery.
Num-
ber.
6
2
6
8
5
12
6
3
2
7
3
2
5
1
9
6
3
2
12
5
10
3
10
5
20
10
18
14
2
10
19
Article.
Where carried.
Property classi-
fication.
In pack.
In
store.
Class.
Section.
Awl blades, harness, assorted
6
X
X
^9
10
Buckles, bar, 1-inch, saalbach
In supply chest, saddler's. .
Buckles, bar, tongueless, f-inch
do
Buckles, bar, tongueless, 1-inch
do
Buckles, bar, tongueless, 1 J-inch
do ...
Buckles, center bar f-inch
do
Buckles, center bar, f-inch
.. ..do
Buckles, center bar, f-inch..
do
Buckles, center bar, 1-inch „
...do...
Buckles, center bar, l|-inch
.. .do
Buckles, center bar, 1 f-inch
do
Buckles, roller, f-inch
do
Buckles, roller, f-inch...
do
Buckles, roller, 1-inch
do
Buckles, roller, 1^-inch
. ..do
Buckles, satchel, J-inch
do
Buckles, wire, ^-inch
do
Buckles, wire, f-inch
. do...
Buckles, wire, f-inch
do
Buckles, roller, tongueless, f-inch
do
Cincha straps aparejo
10
Cheek "D"
In supply chest, saddler's . . .
do
X
10
Chock plates upper and lower steel
Chock staples
- do...
Duck cotton, olive-drab, 26-inch, No. 8,
yards.
Duck cotton, olive-drab, 22-inch, No. 2,
yards.
Duck cotton, olive-drab, 22-inch, No. 1,
yards.
End buckles, 1-inch..
20
In supply chest, saddler's
do !
do ..
End clips, f-inch
do
End clips, 1-inch
...do...
End clips, IJ-inch...
...do...
100
Allowance for six months of saddler's material for one mountain battery — ( ontiri <><!.
Num
ber.
Article.
Where carried.
In pack.
Foot staple, high In supply chest, saddler's
Foot staple, low do. . . : > IX
Foot staple, semicircular do
Hafts, patent awl, No. 146, with wrench do 1
Hook, end, brass wire do IX
Hook, wire (for link) do IV
Leather, bridle, backs 1 back in sup ply chest, tools..
Leather, collar, backs 1 v
Leather harness, backs pounds . . 1 back in supply chest, tools . . 0)
Leather, latigo side . . In supply chest, saddler's . . .
Nails, saddle do
Needle, glover's No. 3, paper In saddler's tool kit
Needle, harness, No. 4, papers do X
Needles, harness, No. 5, papers do.
Needles, harness, No. 6, papers do.
Ornaments, brow band, copper In supply chest, saddler's . . .
Ovals, saddle do f IX
Ovals, saddle bag do.
Pins, screw brass, ^-inch, No. 2, 1 gross do.
Rendering ring, ljj-inch diameter do.
Ring, | -inch diameter, saddle-bag do.
Ring, I Hnch diameter, saddle do.
Ring, If-inch diameter, throat strap do.
Ring,2-inchdiameter,halter do
Ring,4-inch liameter, quarter>trap do.
Ring, T>, 1-inch diameter, feed bag do
Rivets and burs, brass, J-inch, No. 10, do
pounds.
Rivets and burs, brass, f-inch, No. 10, do
pounds.
Rivets and burs, brass, f-inch, No. 10, do
oval head, pounds.
Rivets and burs, brass, 1-inch, No. 8, do
oval head.
Rope, f-inch, halter, bridle, manila hemp, Carried where convenient
feet.
Rope, J-inch, halter, manila hemp... feet do
Screw, brass, 1-inch, No. 6 gross. . In supply chest, saddler's \
Sheepskins with wool on do 6 /
Shields, saddle, 11-inch ] do.
Shields, saddle, HWnch I do.
Shields, saddle, 12-inch do.
Snap hook, canteen, cavalry do.
Snap, German, 1-inch do
Snap hook, haversack, 1-inch do
Snap, swivel, oval loop, IJ-inch do
Snap, swivel. 1-inch, No. 16 do \
Snap, German, 1-inch do /
Squares, halter do.
Straploop (feed bag) 1 by | inch, brass wire do !• IX
Stud, saddle bag do.
Tacks, copper, No. 12, ^-pound paper. ..... I do.
Tacks, copper, No. 20, |-pound paper ; do ,
Thimble, aluminum lined, steel do
Thread, carpet, No. 18, olive-drab.. pounds.! In supply chest, saddler's,
} pound.
Thread, shoe, No. 3, brown pounds. . ! In supply chest, saddler's . . .
Thread, shoe, No. 10, brown pounds.. do
Wax, stitching, brown winter . . .pounds . . 1 pound in supply chest, sad- 1 v
dler's.
Webbing, olive-drab, cotton, heavy, f- In supply chest, saddler's. ..
inch, yards.
Webbing, olive-drab, cotton, heavy, 1- 5 yards in supply chest, sad-
inch, yards. dier's.
Webbing, olive-drab, halter, 1% inches, ! do
yards.
Webbing, olive-drab, jute, 3^ inches, yards.
For polo equipment.
Buckles, wire, >>-inch ' In supply chest, saddler's . . .
Buckles, wire, f inch do
Buckles, Avire, ?-inch do
Buckles, wire, |-inch do
Buckles, nickel-plated, stirrup plate. If- do v
inch.
Buckles, nickel-plated, girth, 1-inch do
Ring. |-inch diameter do
Web, linen, straining, 3^ inches yards. do
Weh. H^en. straining;. . r> "inches yards.. ...do
In
store.
Property classi-
fication.
Class.
Section.
10
10
inder.
101 '-:^<\ V-. 'U:'
Reserve supply for war'«eryi(^ , :''-'; i.; !\t * /*»
Article.
Where carried.
Buckles, bar, toiigueless, f-uich In store 1
Buckles, bars, tongueless, 1-inch j do
Buckles, center bar, f-inch do
Buckles, center bar, f-inch do
Buckle, center bar, |-inch do
Buckles, center bar, IJ-inch do
Buckles, center bar, If-inch do,
Buckles, roller, 1 J-inch do
Buckles, roller, tongueless, f-inch do
Buckles, f-inch, wire do
Burner, lantern, Dietz Vesta do
Cheek " D " do
Chamois skin not smaller than 13 by 17 inches do
Chock plate, upper and lower do
Chock staple do
Dressing, russet leather, boxes, 16-ounce do
End buckle do
Globe lantern do
Hook, double, brass wire do
Hook, end, brass wire do
Leather, bridle, backs do
Leather, collar, backs do
Leather, harness, backs, pounds do
Leather, latigo, side do
Nails, saddle do
Oil, clock, ounce, 1-ounce bottles do
Oil, hydroline, gallons, 5-gallon cans do
Oil, neatsfoot, gallons, 1 and 2 gallon cans do
Oil, slushing, light, gallons, 1 and 2 gallon cans do
Oil, sperm, gallons do
Oil, coal, gallons do
Oil, lubricating, gallons do
Ornament, brow band do
Ring, |-inch diameter, saddlebag do
Ring, IJ-mch diameter, halter do
Ring, 2-inch diameter, halter do
Ring, 4-inch diameter, cincha strap do
Ring, 4-inch diameter, quarter strap do
Ring, "D," 1-inch diameter, feed bag do
Rivets and burs, brass belt, |-mch, No. 10, pounds do
Rivets and burs, brass, f-inch, No. 10, pounds do
Sal soda, pounds, bulk do
Snap hook, haversack, 1-inch do IX
Snap, swivel, oval loop, IJ-mch do
Snap hook, feed bag, German pattern 1-inch do
Squares, halter do
Soap, castile, pounds do
Soap, H. & H. cakes or "Paco" do
Soap, saddle, Frank Miller'?, pounds do !• X
Sponges, 5-inch do
Strap loop, feed bag, 1 by Hinch, ware do i TY
Stud, saddlebag do [
Tacks, copper, 12-ounce, papers do
Tacks, copper, 20-ounce, papers do
Thread, carpet, No. 18, olive-drab, pounds do
Thread, shoe, No. 3, brown, pounds ] do
Thread, shoe, No. 10, brown, pounds do
Waste, cotton, pounds, white do
Wax, stitching, pounds, brown, winter do
Wick, lantern, size 0 do
Property classifi-
cation.
Class. Section.
10
1 No material will be drawn from this supply for making repairs and replacements, except in sudden
calls for field service if necessary to replace missing items of the regular supplies. To avoid deterioration,
all perishable articles should be replaced by similar ones received, with the regular six months' allowance.
INDEX.
A.
Page.
Accessories for the gun and carriage, list of 65, 91
Accessories for the special pack equipment, list of 76, 92
Adjusting instruments. 63
Adjustment of sights 60
Additional tests 63
Panoramic sight, model of 1904 61
Panoramic sight, model of 1915 61
Open sight '. 60
Verification of parallelism of lines of sight and axis of bore 62
Ammunition 16-18, 102
Allowance of 79
Blank metallic 24
Fixed, as issued 16
Marking packing boxes 23
Misfires and hangfires 27
Target '. 79
Ammunition chests, description 75, 89
Aperejo, model of 1911:
Description 68, 87
Instructions for setting up 69-72
Aparejo cincha, model of 1910, description 69, 87
Axle rest, function 74, 88
Axletree:
Description 37-42
Dismounting 43
Mounting 43
Axletree lever catch, function 37, 42
Axletree lever, description 37, 42
Axletree lever securing straps, function 75, 88
B.
Blacksmiths' tools, list of % 92, 97
Blacksmiths' tool kit, description 77
Blinder, model of 1916, description 67, 87
Brake ropes, description 65, 91
Breech block, description 13
Breech mechanism:
Action 14-15
Dismounting 15-16
Mounting 16
Parts in 12
Serial list of component parts 12
Buffer cap, location 37, 39
Buffer cylinders -. 37, 39
To fill 44
Care 45
Buffer spring, location 37, 40
Buffer spring case, description 65, 91
(103)
104
c.
1 ige
Canvas sack for spare sticks 76, 92
Care and management of materiel, suggestions for 83, 84
Cargo cincha, short, description , 74, 88
Cargo cincha, long, description 74, 88
Carpenters' tools, list of 92, 97
Carpenter's tool kit, description 78
Carriage:
General description 39
Nomenclature 37, 38
Principal parts of 39
Weights, dimensions, etc 37
Carrier, description 13
Cartridge case:
Description. 16, 24
Blank metallic ammunition, care 26, 27
Blank metallic ammunition, use 24
Catch button : 38, 42
Chest for fire-control equipment 76, 89
Contents, list of 5-6
Corona, model of 1915, description 67, 87
Cradle:
Description 39, 40
Dismounting 43
Mounting 43
Cradle axis bolt:
Description 37, 40
Catch, description 37, 40
Cradle eyebolt, function 37, 39
Cradle tompions, description 65, 91
Crupper, model of 1912, description 69, 86
Cup leather packing, location v 37, 40
Cup leather seating, description 37, 40
Cup ring, location : 37, 40
Cylinder liner, description 37, 40
D.
Decapping, cleaning, and priming tools, set of 27, 96
Distance plates 38,42
Drag washer, location 37, 42
Drain plugs, location 37, 44
Drill cartridge:
Description 35
Use...
Dummy pack, description
E.
Elevating bevel wheel, function 38, 41
Elevating gear 38, 40
Elevating handwheel, location 38, 41
Elevating joint pin, function 38, 41
105
Elevating mechanism, care 45
Elevating pin, description 38, 41
Elevating pinion, location 38, 41
Elevating quadrant, description 38, 40
Elevating sleeve, location 38, 41
Elevating spindle, description 38, 41
Elevating worm, description 38, 41
Elevating worm spring, function 38, 41
Elevating worm spring cup, location 38, 41
Equalizing spring, description 38, 41
Equalizing spring carrier, location 38, 41
Equipment:
For description, division of 9
Horse, list of 95
Individual, personal, list of 94, 95
Instruction, list of 94
List of 9
Miscellaneous, Hat of 96
Polo .- 96
Range finding and fire control, list of 94
Statement of total 87-89
Extractor, description 14
F.
Fastening straps, description 74, 88
Felloe segment 38,43
Field desk 76, 89, 92
Filling plug, location 37, 44
Firing pin, description 13
Front crosspiece, description ' 38, 41
Front handles, location 38, 42
Fuze, base percussion 23
Fuze, Frankford Arsenal, combination, model of 1907 M 19
Fuze, Frankford Arsenal, combination, model of 1915 22
Fuze setter, hand, model of 1905 M 28
Fuze setter, hand, model of 1912 30-33
G.
General information 80-85
Gland, location 37,40
Guide arm, location 38, 41
Guide plate, description 14
Gun:
Dismounting 43
Mounting 43
Nomenclature 11
Gun and ammunition weights, dimensions, etc 11
Gun body, description
Gunner's pouch, description 65, 91
Gunner's quadrant, description 65, 66, 91
Gunner's quadrant pouch 66, 91
106
H.
Vuge.
Halter bridle, model of 1910, description 67, 86
Hand lever, description 13
Handspike, description 66, 91
Handspike key, location 38, 42
I.
Individual equipment, list of 94
Instruction plate, function 37, 40
L.
Lair rope Mj
Lash cincha, description 75, 89
Leather:
Black, care of 72
Russet, care of 72
Reasons for oiling 72
Lash rope, description 73, 88
Lifting bar, description 76. 90
Linch pin, description 37, 42
Load strap, function 75, 88
Loading of battery equipment on railroad cars 85
Locking bolt, description 14
M.
Marking outfit, list of 96
Mainspring, description. 14
Material?
Cleaning and preserving, 6 months' allowance, list of 98, 99
Saddler's allowance. 6 months, list of 99, 100
N.
Name plate, description 38, 42
O.
Oil, for recoil cylinder 44. 45
Oil can case carrier, location 38, 42
Oils for artillery mate'riel 81
Open sight:
Care 58
Description 48
Use 58
P.
Pack covers, description 73, 89
Pack frame, model of 1912, description 73-74, 88
Pack frame, heavy, description 73, 88
Pack harness, parts in 67, 87
Painting artillery mate'riel 80, 81
Panoramic sight, model of 1904:
Care 58, 59
Description 49
Use 58
Panoramic sight, model of 1915:
Care 58. 59
Description
Use.. 58
107
Page.
Picket pin and eye, function 76, 92
Picket-rope section, description 76, 92
Pioneer's rolls, description , 77-89
Piston head, location 37, 40
Piston lock, function 37, 40
Piston rod:
Description. 32, 40
To remove from buffer cylinders 44
To replace in buffer cylinders 44
Piston rod handle 37
Piston-rod packing, location 37, 40
Plates, arrow 37, 40
Plates, list of 7
Pouch for spare parts, description 78, 91
Powder charge, composition of 18
Primer, general description of 16, 25
Primer, 110-grain percussion:
Description 17
Action 17
Primer, saluting, care in use of 25
Projectiles 18
R.
Range-finding and fire-control equipment 94
Range table for 12^-pound projectile 29
Range table for 18-pound projectile 34
Reloading and cleaning outfit:
Parts in 27
Use of parts in 27
Repairs for field-artillery materiel 82
Reserve supply for war service, list of 101
Rigging cover, description 76, 92
Riveting, instruction for 82, 83
Rope 92
S.
Saddle blanket, description 68, 86
Saddler's tools, list of : - 98
Saddler's tool kit 78
Saluting primer percussion, description 25
Schaller forge, description 77, 97
Schaller-forge tool chest, description 77, 97
Scraper, location - - - 38, 41
Shell, 12^-pound, description 18
Shell, 18-pound, description IS
Shoe, description 38, 41
Shoe handle, location 38. 42
Shrapnel, earlier design, description
Shrapnel, common.
Description 1&
Action 19
Side plates, description 38, 41
Sight-bracket base, location 37, 39
Sight case, description 66, 91
Sight chest, spare 76, 89
108
Page.
Sight, model of 1912 47
Sight scroll gear 47
Sight shank, description 47
Sight-shank range strip 48
Sight-shank socket, description 48
Sling rope 73, 89
Sobrejalma, model of 1910, description 68, 69
Spare parts :
For carriage, list of 91
For gun, list of 91
For hand fuze setter 93
Slight 91
For special pack equipment 93
Special pack equipment 73, 88
Subcaliber and drill cartridge kit, contents 36, 96
Subcaliber cartridge :
Ammunition used 35
Care 35
Description 34
Supply chest, saddler's 76, 89, 92
Supply chest, blacksmith's 76, 89, 92
Supply chest, miscellaneous 76, 89, 92
Supply chest, tools 78, 92
Supplies in general 84, 85
Support, function 38, 41
Supporting plates 38, 42
T.
Targets 79
Thongs 73,89
Tools:
For gun and carriage, list of 91
For special pack equipment . 76, 92
Tool pockets, description 66, 91
Trail, description - 38, 41
Trail pad, description - 74, 88
Transoms, front and rear - 38, 41
Trigger, description
Trigger sear, description
Tubular oil can, description . 66, 91
Tubular oil can carrier, description 66, 91
W.
Wheels:
Care and precautions
Description 38, 42
Dismounting 43
Mounting 43
Wheel hanger, description - 74, 88
Wheel tie strap, description 74, 88
June 10, 1912.
Revised September 15, 1916.
Form No. 1761.
Ed. Sept. 1-M6 s<)0.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
20 CENTS PER COPY
V
YC 64307
Pi
2-i ^ \n
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