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l*«
VL
r- I/
University of California- Berkeley
JOSEPH M.BRANSTEN
COFFEE & TEA COLLECTION
Acquired in memory of
JOSEPH M. BRANSTEN
HAND-BOOK OF TAMIL
FOR THE USE OF
COFFEE
REV. WILLIAM CLARK,
TAMIL COOLY MISSION, CEYLON.
J&afcras:
GANTZ BROTHERS,
ADELPHI PRESS, 7 & 8, MOUNT KOAD.
1876,
PREFACE.
THE following little work is intended for the use of
those who have not time to study the Tamil Lan-
guage fully. It makes no pretensions to merit ; nor is
it quite original. A pamphlet by Mr. B. "Whetton,
of a similar kind, first suggested the plan of it.
The style of Tamil adopted in it is grammatical,
but not high. It will be intelligible to any cooly
Some words which have been employed to express
hitherto unknown objects will of course be unintel-
ligible to many ; but all other words are in common
use.
The first part contains a brief explanation of the
Elements of Tamil Grammar, which will probably be
sufficient for the purpose for which this book is
intended.
The second part contains most of the names that
will be required by Planters, as well as a vocabulary
of fully 1,800 other words of various kinds, which are
in general use.
The third part contains a large number of sen-
tences, which a learner may commit to memory with
great advantage. Any one familiar with these sen-
tences will find but little difficulty in expressing
himself on the subj ects they refer to intelligibly.
Many other words and sentences, which would have
been useful, might have been added. But had they
been, the price of the book would have been increased,
and the book itself have been made too cumbersome.
11
Some of the sentences have not been translated
literally, but such a rendering has been given as
would come most nearly to the way in which a Tamil
would express himself. At the same time there are
other ways in which the same direction might have
been given, or the same thought expressed.
But Planters should learn the native character, and
read in it, and, if possible, study the language fully.
This would give them greater facility in the manage-
ment of their coolies, and would help to smoothen
down many difficulties.
WILLIAM CLARK,
CONTENTS.
PART FIRST— ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
Page.
Letters 1
Roman Equivalents ... « 2
Pronunciation 6
Verbs, Positive 11
Negative 16
Causal 18
Passive 19
Variations 19
Nouns 20
Pronouns 24
Adjectives 31
Adverbs 32
Prepositions ... ... ... ... ,.. ... ... ... 32
Conjunctions 33
Interjections .., 34
Interrogation 34
PART SECOND— VOCABULARY.
Coffee ... 35
Coffee Estate 36
Pertainings to Estate 37
Soil 39
Grass 40
Hill 40
Bock 40
River 41
Bridge 41
Tank 42
Drain 42
Road 42
Lines ... 44
Cherry Loft .. ... 44
IV
Pag*.
Pulping House ... "... 7.. 44
Store 46
Bungalow 47
Furniture 54
Persons connected with Estate 62
Occupations ., 63
Tools 61
Animals 68
Birds 69
Conveyances ... ... ... ... ... ... 70
Waggon^(Arnerican) 71
Cart 72
Harness ., .,. ... 73
Buildings 75
Building Materials , 76
Man r 77
Relationship ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78
Domestic condition 81
Marriage 81
Members of Body 82
Five Senses , 84
Articles of Food 84
Articles of Clothing ... ... 89
Diseases 90
Mind and its Faculties 91
Virtues and Vices 91
Titles of Kespect 92
Police Court and other Terms 92
Eevenue Department 96
Other Terms ... 97
Numbers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 97
Measure of Length 99
Land Measure ... 99
Measure of Capacity 99
Weights 99
Money 99
Time 100
Days of Week 101
Seasons 102
Weather 102
Earth, &c 103
Page,
Heavenly Bodies < 104
Religion 104
OTHER USEFUL WORDS 105-158
PART THIRD— SENTENCES.
Engagement of Coolies 159
Morning Muster ... ... ... ... ... '••• ... 162
Evening Muster .,, „ 166
Giving out Medicine ... ., 168
Giving out Rice 172
Blankets and Coats 174
Coolies' Lines ... ... ... ... ... ... f.. 175
Advance for Coolies.. 177
Coast Advances— Form of Agreement .,, ., 179
Felling 183
Burning , ]85
Building Bungalow 186
Do. Bridge 193
Tracing Road 196
Surveying 197
Road Making 199
Draining in Coffee 201
Nursery 203
Lining 206
Holing 210
Filling 213
Planting 214
Supplying 217
Staking 219
Topping 220
Handling 220
Pruning 221
Weeding ... 225
Hand Weeding 227
Weeding with Scraper ... ... ... ... ,,, ... 228
Weeding with Mamoty 228
Manuring 230
Cattle Manure ... 231
Vegetable Compost ,. 232
Bones and Poonac .., .t, ... ... ,,. 233
Peruvian Guano and Bones 235
VI
Page.
Wood, Ash and Bones 235
Picking . ... 236
Measuring Cherry , 241
Pulping ... . .. ... ... 243
Washing ..." 247
Drying (Curing) ,.. 249
Despatch.. 252
Carrying Kice 257
Cattle 259
Directions to Appoo , 263
Do, Cook 269
Do. Horse-keeper , 270
HAND-BOOK OF TAMIL.
ELEMENTS OF TAMIL GRAMMAR.
LETTERS.
TAMIL.
1. The Tamil Alphabet contains thirty letters, of which
twelve are vowels and eighteen are consonants.
2. The vowels have two forms, one initial, the other syl-
labic.
3. The following paradigm exhibits both these forms.
The first line across contains the initial forms of the vowels.
The first column contains all the consonants.
The rest of the paradigm contains the syllabic combina-
tions of the vowels and consonants.
Two Sanscrit letters used in this book are added.
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
TAMIL LETTERS.
e?
El
ffi
not in use.
ffir
is
u
in
ir
eo
6U
eir
P
Gff
L-IT
BIT
LOT
ujir
Jin
6UIT
erriT
or
8
L9
US.
GS5T
tS
0
crrl
JP
G5
fii.
@
^
®
&
mi?
SANSCRIT LETTERS.
eru
EOMAN EQUIVALENTS.
In fixing the equivalents of Tamil letters in Roman
characters, all long vowels have heen marked with a dash over
them, as a ; all hard, rough, and strongly pronounced letters >
with a dot under them, d ; all dentals with a comma under
LETTERS.
TAMIL LETTERS.
er
.
8
9
»
ep&r
Q*
(2s
mm
O&K
(J*/r
Ossrr
Of
8*
Of*
0«r
Offetr
QL-
GW
6t*
fe-
ttl
Sfssr
•DjC
60X5
Qff
Ofsir
<?i_/T
C/5/r
Ot-CfT
Glsssteir
Qpetr
0/seir
Ou
Gu
GS3U
Outr
Gu/r
OLJSYT
OLA
GLL
6*>U>
&wr
(?^)/r
OLC&IT
OlLJ
GUJ
GSILU
OtLtfT
Giuir
OuJ&r
Off
Gff
CBff
OfffT
QUIT
Offer
Q«
Geo
to
Osvir
Gsvir
QffCerr
Qeu
Gsu
«oa,
QeuiT
Qmiir
Qa/srr
Q&r
Gerr
far
Qmir
G&rrrr
Ot-psfr
Qp
Oar
Gp
Gear
&3T
0«
i
G (y i Q fQ cfr
SANSCRIT LETTERS.
^
Gap
en-op,
Q^
^
0^
them, as t ; the guttural with a dash under it, as h ; and the
cerebral (#>) with a double dot under it, as 1.
2. The following paradigm shews the equivalents of all
the Tamil and Sanscrit letters and syllables contained in the
above paradigm.
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
a
a
i
I
u
u
a
k
ka
ka
ki
ki
ku
ku
s
h
ha
ha
hi
hi
hu
hu
&
g
ga
ga
gi
g!
gu
gu
m
ng
nga
not in use.
*
s
sa
sa si
si
sit
su.
f
j
ja
ja
jl
jl
•
jii
&
cb
cba
cba
cbi
cbi cbu
cbu
e
n
used only as a final.
<®
ny
nya
nya
nyi
nyi
nyu
nyu
tL
d
da
da
di
<Ji
du
du
L,
t
ta
ta
U
ti
tu
tu
6$r
n
na
115,
ni
5?i
nu
nil
fi
t
V*
ta
ta
ti
ti
tu
tu
fi
tb
tba
tba
tbi
tbi
tbu
tbu
IB
n
N*
na
na
ni
ni
nu
nu
U
P
pa
pa
pi
P1
pu
pu
U
b
ba
ba
bi
bi
bu
bu
L£> m
ma
ma
mi
mi
mu
rnii
UJ
y
ya
ya
yi
yi
yu
yfi
ff r
ra
ra
ri
ri
ru
ru
G)
i
la
la
li
n
lu
lu
eu
V
va
va
vi
Tl
vu
vu
P
1
la
fa
li
ll
lu
lu
sir
1
la
la
li
11
iu
lu
P
r
ra
ra
ri
11
ru
ru
P
t
ta
ta
ti
tl
tu
tu
P
d
da
da
di
di
du
du
ear
n
na
na
ni
ni
nu
nu
ep,
sb
sba
sba
sbi
sb!
sbu
sbu
em
s
sa
sa
si
Bi
su
SU
LETTERS.
e
e
ei
0
0
ou
ke
ke
kei
ko
ko
kou
he
be
hei
Ijo
bo
h.ou
g*
gg
gei
g°
g°"
gou
se
se
sei
so
so
sou.
JQ
che
je
che
Jei
^ehei
jo
cho
jo
cho
jou
chou
nye
de
nye
de
nyei
del
nyo
do
nyo
do-
nyou
dou
te
te
tei
(o
to
tou
rie
rie
nei
TlO
rio
110U
to
te
tei
to
to
tou
the
the
thei
tho
tho
N*
thou
ne
ne
nei
no
no
nou
pe
be
pe
be
pel
bei
po
bo
PO
bo
pou
bou
me
me
mei
mo
mo
mou
ye
ye
yei
yo
yo
you
re
re
rei
ro
ro
rou
le
le
lei
lo
lo
lou
ve
ve
vei
vo
vo
vou
le
le
lei
.!°
lo
lou
le
le
lei
TO
io
lou
re
re
rei
ro
ro
rou
te
te
tei
to
to
tou
de
de
dei
do
do
dou
ne
ne
nei
no
no
nou
she
she
shei
sho
sho
Bhou
se
se
sei
so
so
sou
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
PRONUNCIATION.
1. Learners should give much attention to pronunciation.
The meaning of a word frequently depends on what appears
to be only a minute difference of sound. Thus s&o, kalei, is
a male antelope, #%rr, kalei, is a weed ; S&&LP, kalei, is a
bamboo.
2. In learning, great attention should be paid to the
pronunciation of the people themselves. But the pronun-
ciation of coolies is commonly so bad, that, if possible, only
educated Tamils should be imitated.
3. Attention should also be given to the position of the
organs in the pronunciation of each letter. Without this it
will be impossible to make such a distinction between the
different letters as will enable a hearer to perceive what word
is spoken. The Is produced by placing the tip of the tongue
near the teeth, on the palate, and towards the throat, respec-
tively, will be very different from each other, and will convey
very different meanings. The examples given above will
illustrate this. The difference of meaning in those words
is determined solely by the difference in the sound of the 1.
4. It is nearly impossible to convey in writing an accurate
idea of the sound of each letter ; but as this is usually at-
tempted, and not altogether without success, I will endeavour
to do so.
5. To illustrate the explanations given, a scheme of
vowels is added below, the examples in which will be used to
shew the proper sound of the Tamil vowels.
PRONUNCIATION. i
VOWELS.
SHORT. LONG.
i as in bit I like i in machine
e do bet e do a in bare
a do bat a do a in band (lengthened)
u do but a do i in bird
*a do bark a do a in bar
o do not o do aw in crawl
o do political o do o in pore
u do pull u do oo in pool.
DIPHTHONGS.
The following are the diphthongs which occur in Tamil,
ai (g>) like i in like.
ei (g>) like ey in they, pronounced quickly,
au (jysy) like the German au, and compounded of u
in but and u in pull,
ou (sjerr) compounded of o in political and u in pull.
G. a O). Before hard and rough letters, also before ng
(<E?),n ((55), ny (©),and in O), tyc. this letter has the sound
of u in but ; as, sangam (*sasu>), assembly ; sattam (fiLt-£)9
frame, law. Before some letters it has a sound more like
that of a in bat; as, arisi (jy.fl£), rice-
7. a (<$). This letter is usually like a in bar ; as par
(u/r/f), look. But sometimes it is changed into its corres-
ponding semi-vowel ; as, kattu pandi (&iri-L®usvrfl)} a wild
pig. See scheme of vowels above.
8. i (®). This is exactly like i in bit ; as pinbu (L^L/)
after. But when it occurs before hard letters, it is com-
::is " a" is not very noticeable in English words, though it frequently
occurs. It is often changed into the corresponding long vowel. But it is
easily observable ia Tamil, as ia the^vord Msdu Matfcu.
All the other vowels are well known and common.
8 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
monly pronounced like e in bet ; as idam (edam) (@£-u>)
place,
9. i (/F). This letter has two sounds, dependent on the
following consonant. Before most it is like I in machine ; as ti
(j?) fire. Before d (L_), n (gaw), r (p), it draws the sound of
u after it ; as, vidu (d?©) house, vin (eftorar) vain, siru (@j»}
hiss. These three consonants, being hard, cannot be cor-
rectly pronounced without such a change in the vowel.
10. u (e-). This is exactly like u in full ; as, rnul
thorn.
11. 0 (esa:). This is like oo in pool; as, nul
thread.
12. e (er). This is like e in bet; as mettei
cushion.
13. e («z). This letter has two sounds, dependent on the
consonants following it. It is commonly incorrectly pro«
nounced, by learners, like a in nay, but the English a is
really a diphthong, the Tamil e, a simple vowel. Its proper
sound is like that of a in bare ; as, ner (G/s/r), straightness.
When it precedes d (L_), n (aw), r (/»), it takes a sound which
is compounded of e and a ; as ineadu (^Lo(9},hill ; veapdani
(QajGnTt—tTLD'), do not want; seam (Gfjgu), mud; but it is often
pronounced like i in bird ; as, rnedu. These consonants,
being hard, cannot be properly pronounced without this
change.
o
14. ei (g). This letter (go) is a diphthong composed of
short e (er) and short i (@), and usually has a sound like that
of ey in they, pronounced quickly ; as, athei (j|f*»/ff), that.
But at the beginning of words, and in words of one syllable,
it is pronounced like ai, as if compounded of short a (^) and
short i (©) ; as aikkiain fes@ojo»), agreement ;mai («w/>), ink.
PRONUNCIATION. 9
15. 0(9). This vowel is like o in political; as, pottei,
(Ou/r^ao^), hillock. It is never pronounced like o in pot.
That sound is expressed in Tamil by a (455). A Tamil would
say pattu, not pottu.
16. 6 ($). This has the sound of 6 in port ; as, por (Quirt) ,
war. Care must be taken not to pronounce it like o in pole,
which has a sound of u in it.
17. ou (pw). This, as usually pronounced, is really com-
pounded of short a («^) and short u (a.), but is represented
both in English and Tamil by ou ; as soukkiyam (QfeiraQtuus),
health. But sometimes the Tamils substitute avu (jy®j) for
it ; as, savukkiyam (^O/S^UJLO), health.
18. k (<s). This is like the English k ; as kariam
(sirifiiuut), a matter.
Ji (&). This is a soft guttural ; as, raham (^/T^LD), tune,
g («). This has a sound like that of g in go, never like
that of g in the word general ; as, gejam (QssgLo), a yard.
19. ng OE?). This is like ng in thing; as, inge (gjN/Q*), here.
20. s (*). This has the ordinary sound of s. It may
bo observed, however, that frequently, in pronunciation, a soft
sound of ch, like ts, is substituted for s. Both are correct.
Thus we may say sedi or chedi (Qfi^)t plant.
ch (*), This is pronounced like ch in chat (never like sh)
when it follows t (il),as, ratchahar (ffu.eair)t the Saviour, but
more softly, almost like ts, when it follows t (for ^F), or occurs
without t ; as, mitcham (u9^^Lo), excess ; chedi (Q**f ), a
plant.
j (*). Like j in join ; panjam (u^^), scarcity.
21. n ((gj). Like n in not; as, panjani, scarcity.
ny (©)• These letters must be pronounced separately, as
if n were the final letter of a previous syllable, and y the ini-
tial of a succeeding one, and not as if they were one syllable,
like ny in many ; as, nyayiru (^traSjv), Sunday.
2
1 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
22. d (t_). This is a hard letter and must be pronounc-
ed with the tip of the tongue turned up to the palate ; as,
kudei (<9a.6»L_), a basket.
t (tl). This too is a hard letter and must be pronounced
in the same manner as d ; as pattanam (ui_Lt_«awLb), a town.
23. n (em). A hard letter pronounced with the tongue
turned to the palate ; as, man (^eaw), earth.
24. t (^). A dental pronounced with the tip of the
tongue between the teeth; as pafctu (up^, ten.
th (,#). This is usually a dental d with an aspirate ; but
as the same sound in English is represented by th, that has
been adopted. It is generally pronounced like th in the,
seldom like th in thing ; as, antha (jyisg), that.
25 n (/z>). A dental pronounced with the tip of the
tongue between the teeth ; as, intha (®^), this.
26. p (u). Like the English p ; as, pambu (UITLDLJ^ a
snake.
b (u). Like b in bad ; as, pambu (U/T^L/), a snake.
27. m (u>). Like m in man; as, mudi (g/>^0, a cover.
28. y (tu). tike y in you ; as, yar (tuinr), who ?
29. r (tr). A soft r pronounced with the tongue for-
wards ; as, avar (jya^/r), he.
30. 1 (cv>). A soft letter pronounced with the tongue
forwards ; as, kal (*^>), a stone.
31. v (a/). Like v in every ; as, aval (jyeij&r), she, It is
not pronounced so strongly as v in English usually is at the
beginning of words.
32. 1 (/p). A very peculiar letter, which is seldom pro- .
nounced correctly, even by the natives. It is really a cere-
bral r, but as it is usually changed into 1, that has been adopt-
ed as the corresponding letter in English. In pronouncing it
the learner should turn his tongue back as far as possible
VERBS. 11
and then attempt to express r or 1 without bringing the
tongue forwards; as malei (u>es>Lp), rain. But hard 1 is ge-
nerally substituted for it.
33. 1 («TT). A hard letter pronounced with the tip of
the tongue turned up to the palate ; as, mul (GP^), a thorn.
34. r (p). A hard r pronounced with the tongue drawn
back, and raised towards the roof of the mouth ; as, eoru
(Gffirjp), boiled rice.
t 0»). Like t in at ; as, pattu O-VDJ»), seize.
d (p). Like d in and ; as indu ($&*&}, to-day.
35. n (OTT). Like n in near ; as, tan (?&*}, his, he», its.
36. In order that the learner may speak Tamil correctly,
he must be careful to pronounce the first of double conso-
nants distinctly. It is never elided, as in English. Even the
most uneducated observe this rule. With a view to this, the
first consonant which will always be the final of a previous
syllable, must be prolonged a little. Thus we must say
pattu (up&), not patu, ten ; irukkirathu (@(5«®,0.£0, not
irukirathu, it is.
VERBS.
The following conjugation will illustrate the usual forms
of Tamil verbs.
The parts marked * are those most commonly used.
I.— POSITIVE VERB.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular.
* Vecltugirea, I am digging.
* Vedtugiray, Thou art digging,
* Vedtugiran, He is digging.
* Vedt.ugiral, She is digging.
* Vedtugirathu, It is digging.
12
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
* VecUugirom,
* Vedtugirir,
* Yedtugirlrhal,
* Vecltugirarhaj,
Vedtuhindana,
Plural.
We are digging.
You are digging,
do.
They are digging,
do (neuter.)
Past Tense.
Singular.
* Yedtinen, I dug.
* Yedtinay, Thou duggest.
* Yedtinan, He dug.
* Yedtinal, She dug.
* Yedtinathu, It dug.
Plural.
* Yedtin5m, We dug.
* Yedtimr, You dug.
* Yedtimrhal, You dug.
* Yedtinarhal, They dug.
* Yecltina, They (neuter) dug.
Vedtiyirukkeren,
Vedtiyirukkiray,
Vedtiyirukkirarn,
Vedtiyirukkiral,
Yedtiyirukkirathu,
Yedtiyirukkirom,
Vedtiyirukkirir,
Vedtiy irukkirirhal ,
Vedtiy irukkirarhal ,
Vedtiyirukkindana,
Vedtiyirunthen,
Veddyirunthay,
%•
Vedtiyirunthan,
Yedtiyirunthal,
Yedtiyirunthathu,
Perfect Tense.
Singular.
I have dug.
Thou hast dug.
He has dug.
She has dug.
It has dug.
Plural.
We have dug.
You have dug.
You have dug.
They have dug.
They (neuter) do,
Pluperfect Tense.
Singular.
I had dug.
Thou hadst dug.
He had dug.
She had dug.
It had dug,
VERBS.
Plural.
Vechiyirunthom, We had dug.
Yedtiyirunthir, You had dug.
Yedtiyirunthlrhal, You had dug.
Yedtiyiruntharhal, They had dug.
Yedtiyirunthana., They (neuter^ do,
Future Tense.
Singular. Plural.
* Vedtuven, I will dig. * Yedtuvom, We will dig.
* Yedtuvay, Thou wilt dig. * Yedtuvir, You will dig.
* Vedtuvan, He will dig. * Yedtuvirhal, You will dig.
* Yedtuval, She will dig. * Yedtuvarhal, They will dig.
* Vedtum, It will dig. * Yedtum, They (neu.) do.
N. B.—This tense is frequently used for the Present Tense,
to denote what is customary : as, vedtuven, I dig. It is also
used for the Past Tense.
Future Perfect Tense,
Singular.
Vedtiyiruppen, I shall have dug.
Vedtiyiruppay, Thou wilt have dug.
Yedtiyiruppan, He will have dug.
Vedtiyiruppal, She will have dug.
Vedtiyirukkum, It will have dug.
Plural.
Vedtiyiruppona, We shall have dug.
Vedtiyiruppir, You will have dug.
Vedtiyiruppirhal, do.
Vedtiyirupparhal, They will have dug.
Yedtiyirukkum, They (neuter) do.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD,
Present Tense.
* Vedtinal, If I, thou, he, #c. dig.
Yedtil, do.
4 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
* Vedtinalum, Though I, thou,&c. dig (denoting uncertainty).
Vedtiyum, do. (denoting fact).
Perfect Tense.
* Vedfiyirunthal, If I, &o, have dug (denoting uncertainty).
Vedtiyirunthum, Though I did dig (denoting fact).
* Vedtiyirunthalum, Though I should have dug (denoting
uncertainty).
ANOTHER FORM — NOT COMMON.
Present Tense.
Singular.
Vedtugiren anal (or ahil) &c. If I dig, &c.
Yedtugiren analum, &c. Though I dig, &c.
Plural.
Vedtugirom anal (or ahil,) &c. If we dig, &c.
Vedtugirom analum, &c. Though we dig, &e.
Thus through all the other tenses, numbers and persons.
POTENTIAL MOOD.
ALL TENSES.
Singular and Plural.
* Vedtakudum, I, &c. can dig,
* Vedtalam, I, &c. may dig.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
* Vedtu, Dig thou. * Vedtungal, Dig ye.
* Yedtum, Dig thou (hon.)
ANOTHER FORM.
This is compounded of the infinitive of the principal verb,
and of the third person singular, future, of the verb venclu
f(?c/«w©), to beg, to want, to need, and is used to express
command, need, or entreaty, as : —
* YecUavendum, J, thou, &c. must dig; or, It is needful
that I, &o. should dig ; or, I entreat you
to dig.
VERBS. 1 5
ANOTHER FORM.
Vedtattum, Let dig.
Vedtuha, Dig, 1 pray.
OPTATIVE MOOD.
Vedtakadaven, &c. May I dig, i. e. I must dig, &c.
Yedtuvenaha, &c. May I dig, i. e. I ought to dig, &c.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
* Present Tense. Vedta, To dig.
* Perfect Tense. Vedtiyirukka, To have dug.
PARTICIPLES.
VERBAL.
* Pant Tense. Vedti, Having dug (or digging.)
* Perfect Tense. Vedtiyirunthu, Having dug.
RELATIVE.
* Present Tense. Yedtugira, That digs, or that another
digs.
* Past Tense. Yedtina, That dug, or that another
dug.
* Future Tense. Vedtum, That will dig, or that ano-
ther will dig.
VERBAL NOUNS.
RADICAL.
Yedtuhei, A digging.
Vedtal, A digging.
Yedtuthal, A digging.
PARTICIPIAL, REFERRING TO ACT.
* Present Tense. Vedtugirathu, A digging.
* Past Tense. Vedtinathu, A having dug.
* Future Tense. Vedtubavathu, A digging.
PARTICIPIAL, REFERRING TO ACTOR.
Singular.
/ Vedtugiravan, He who digs.
* Present Tense. •< Vedtugiraval, She who digs.
\ Vedtugirathu, It that digs.
Plural.
f Vedtugiravarhal, They who dig.
\ Vedtugiraveihal, do. (neuter) do.
16 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
f Vedtinavan, He who dug.
* Past Tense. < Vedtinaval, She who dug.
r Vedtinathu, It that dug.
* Perfect Tense. Vedtiyirukkiravan, He who has dug.
Pluperfect Tense. Vedtiyirunthavan, He who had dug.
Future Tense. Vedtubavan, He who will dig.
Do. Vedtuvon, do.
Future PerfectTense. Vedtiyiruppavan, He who will have
dug.
Do. Vedtiyiruppon, do.
II.— NEGATIVE VERB.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
Singular. Plural.
Vedten, I do not dig. Vedtom, We do not dig.
&c. &o.
IMPERATIVE MOOD-
* Vedtathe, Dig not thou.
* Vedtatheyungal, Dig not ye.
ANOTHER FORM DENOTING COMMAND OR ENTREATY.
Vedtavendam, Do not dig; or I, &c. must not dig ; or I
entreat you not to dig, &c. ; or I, &c. need not dig.
PARTICIPLES.
VERBAL.
* Vedtamal, Not digging.
Vedtathu, do.
RELATIVE.
* Vedtatha, That does not dig.
Vedta do.
VERBAL NOUNS.
RADICAL.
* VedUamei, A not digging.
VERBS. 17
RELATIVE.
* Vedtathavau, He who did not dig.
* Vedtathaval, She do
* Vedtathathu, That which do
* Vedtathavarhal, Those do
* Vedtathaveiha], Those (neuter) which do
ANOTHER FORM OF THE NEGATIVE VERB.
In this form the verb " to be" (£a)(9) is added to the ne-
gative yerbal participles of the principal verb as an auxili-
ary, and is conjugated in all its various moods, tenses and
persons.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
* Vedtathirukkiren, I am not digging.
* Vedtamalirukkiren, do.
ANOTHER FORM OF THE NEGATIVE VERB.
In this form the imperfect negative verb illei (g)«>&)) is
added to the principal verb, which retains its positive form.
It is usually added to the infinitive mood and verbal nouns
only.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense.
* Yedtugirathillei, I, &o. am not digging.
Past Tense.
* Vedtinathillei, I, &o. did not dig.
More commonly.
* Vedtavillei, I, &o. did not dig.
Future Tense.
* Yedtuvathillei, I, &o. shall or will not dig.
Sometimes illei is added to the finite verb. This is ap-
parently allowable, but not usual.
Present Tense.
Yedtugiren illei, I am digging.
IS ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
ANOTHER FORM OF THE NEGATIVE VERB.
To express refusal or inability in the future tense, the de-
fective verb mattu (u>irLL(B), can or will, in its negative form,
is added to the infinitive mood of the principal verb.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Future Tense.
Singular. Plural.
Yedtamatf.en, I will not dig. Vedfcamattom, We will not dig.
&o. &c.
PARTICIPLES.
Verbal. Vedtamattamal, Not digging ('hereafter.)
Not being able to dig,
Vedtamattathu, Not digging.
Not being able to dig.
Relative. Vedtamattatha, That will not dig.
That cannot dig.
Vedtamatta, That will not dig.
That cannot dig.
VERBAL NOUNS.
Vedtamattainei, A not digging.
A not being able to dig.
III.— CAUSAL VERB.
3 . When verbs take the middle particle giru (&&) in the
present tense, vi (cfl) is added to the root, and g changed
into kk (or « doubled), to make a causal verb ; as,
Vedtugiren, I dig. Vedtuvikkiren, I cause to dig.
2. When verbs take kkiru (*&&), ppi (ud) is added to
the root ; as,
Nadakkiren, I walk. Nadappikkiren, I cause to walk.
3. There are other causal forms ; as,
Nadattugiren, I walk (actively), conduct, manage,
VERBS. 19
Verbs of this form are to be found in the dictionary, and
therefore need not be explained more particularly.
All causal verbs are conjugated in the same way as other
verbs.
IV. —PASSIVE VERBS.
Verbs Passive are formed by adding the verb padu (u®),
in its different parts, to the infinitive mood of the principal
verb ; as vedta + padugirathu, It is being cut. Occasion-
ally it is formed by adding padu (u®) to the root of the
verb; as, areipadum, it will be ground. Frequently it is
formed by adding u$ to a noun ; as, adipattan, He was
beaten.
Sometimes the verb un (JLSOT) to eat, in its different parts,
is added to the root of a verb to form a passive ; as, kolei -f-
irnrian, he was killed. But this form, though known to all,
and sometimes used, is not common.
The use of the passive voice is avoided as much as possible
by Tamils,
VARIATIONS IN VERBS.
There are slight variations in many verbs from the forms
given above, in the middle particle of the different tenses ;
but any one who knows these forms will find no difficulty
in understanding the variations. The personal terminations,
with the exception of that of the third person singular
number neuter gender of the past tense, are the same in all.
The following list contains all the variations. From the
particles shown in it all the different parts of any verb may
be formed. It will be seen that with respect to these middle
particles there are nine classes of verbs. All verbs fall under
one or other of these classes. These particles are added to
the root, and the personal terminations are subjoined to
them. In joining the personal terminations to the middle
particle tho u of the latter is dropped,
20
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
Present. Past. Future.
1. (©.#0 giru (uSesr) in (a/) v
Yedtugiren, I dig. Vedtinen, I dug. Vedtuven, I will dig.
2. (£l£») giru (<-) d (a>) v
Padugiren, I suffer. Patten, I suffered. Paduven, I shall suffer.
3. (Qjp) kiru
Zedkiren, I ask.
4. (©j») giru
Arigiren, I know.
5. (Qjpi) him
Seyhiren, I do.
6. (®j») giru
(*-H (") p
Kedten, I asked. Zedpen, I will ask.
(/F^) nth (a/) v
Arinthen, I knew. A riven, I shall know,
(&) th (a;) v
Seytheu, I did. Seyven, I will do.
(p) d fa/) v
Sellugiren, I go, pass. Senden, I went, passed. Selluven, I
will go, pass.
(JD) d (u)b
Eaden, I said.
GM) tt
Partten, I looked.
(is?) nth
Irunthen, I was.
7. (®J») giru
Engiren, I say.
8. (*©
Parkkiren, I look.
9. (*Qjp) kkiru
Irukkiren, I am.
Enben, I will say.
(uu) pp
Parppen, I will look.
(uu) pp
Iruppen, I shall be.
In the vocabulary of <l Other useful words," only the roots
of verbs are given, and the learner is referred to the above
list for the class of verbs under which each comes. The
number of the class corresponding with the above number is
given after each root.
NOUNS.
1. Nouns form their plurals in several ways.
By changing the final consonant of the singular, n, (esr\
into r (IT) ; as, manithan, man ; manithar, men.
By adding hi or gal (sen) to the singular ; as vldu>
house, viduhal, houses ; maram, tree, marangal, trees.
NOUNS. 21
Note. — m (u>) is changed into ng (<E/), when g follows it.
Thus maram becomes maranggal ; and, one g "being elided,
we have marangal.
By adding hal to the plural ending in r ; as, manitharhal,
men.
By changing the singular ending in on into or; as
vedtuvon, a digger, vedtuvor, diggers.
By adding ar to the name of a place, to denote connection
with that place ; as, vidu, house, vidtar, inmates of a house.
Note. — If a vowel precedes ar it is dropped ; as, vidu,
vidtar. "When the name of the place ends in m, the ni is chang-
ed into tt before ar ; as, pattanam, city, pattanattar, citizens.
By adding mar to the norn. sing, of a noun, to denote a
class; as turei, gentleman, tureimar, gentlemen.
By adding hal to mar; as, tureimarlial.
2. Nouns ending in m (u>) change m into tt (&p) before
the signs of the cases ; as, maram (U>JTU>), wood, marattal, of
wood.
3. Nouns ending in du (®) change d into tt ; as, vMu,
house, vittil, in a house.
4. Nouns ending in ru (JP) change r into tt ; as soru,
rice, sottukkaha (G&pgvs&frs), for rice.
5. The noun ellam (er^gtf/r^), all, changes m into alt, v
being inserted to prevent the hiatus that would occur between
a and a, and um (a.o>) added to make the sense universal ; as,
ellavatteium, all, Ace. ellavattukkum, to all. Dat.
6. Nouns of one short syllable ending in a consonant
usually double that consonant before the casal signs ; as, ma7i
(UJOTS-) earth, marmal, with earth.
7. Nouns precede their verbs ; as, kuthirei odittu, tho
horse ran.
22 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
8. The following example will suffice to shew the way
in which nouns are usually declined* The casal endings are
MANITHAN,
SINGULAR.
Nom. * Manithan, Man.
Ace. * Manithanei, Man.
Gen. * Manithanufleia, Of man
it
* Manithanin, do.
s»
Manithanidatt'i, do.
Manithanathu, do,
* Manithan (Nom. for. Gen.) do.
Dat. of giving * Manithanukku, To man.
Do. motion to * Manithanidattirku, To man.
Do. final cause * Manithanukkaha, For man.
Abl. of instrument * Manithanal, ) With, by, of
or material * Manithaninal, 3 man
Do. of society * Manithanodu, odu, With man.
Do. locality * Manithanil, In man.
«•
* Manithanidattil, ) In, with, at
* Manithanidattu, 3 man.
Do. motion from * Manithanilirunthu, From man.
* Manithaninindu, do.
* Manithanidattilirunthu, do.
Yoc. * Manithane, o, a, 0 man !
Those forms marked *
NOUNS. 2o
the same in all.
A MAN, THE MAN, MAN.
PLURAL.
Nom. * Manitharhal, Men.
Ace. * Manitharhalei, Men.
Gen. * Manitharhaludeia, Of Men.
* Manitharhalm, do.
Manitharhal idattu, do.
«•
Manitharhal athu, do.
* Manitharhal (Nom. for Gen.) do.
Dat. of giving. * Manitharhalukku. To men.
Do. motion to * Manitharhalidafctirku, To men.
Do. final cause * Manitharhalukkaha For men.
Abl. instrument * Manitharhalal, -j By, with, of
or material Manitharhalinal, / men.
Do. society * Manitharhalodu, odu, With men.
Do. locality * Manitharhalil, In men.
* Manitharhalidafctil, ^ In, with, at
Manitharhalidafctu, 3 men.
Do. motion from * Manitharhaliliruntha, From men:
»• - ~
Manitharhalinindu, do.
Manitharhalidatiilirunthu, do.
Voc: * Manitharhale, o, a, Oh, men !
are most used.
ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
M,
§•
---
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bfi &p fee fco &0
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PRONOUNS.
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o o — ^ o o
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ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
£•?«
f.i
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.-.'g-'S -*4-*l -3
O> 3 *g 3 .x d >cS
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PRONOUNS.
27
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p p
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ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
|o
.§
CO
25
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O
525
O
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a
W
CO
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,
Q3 fl "0 ss
.^- E .S S'
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GOO
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(^ ^ Q ___ M (/}
+5 O O
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PRONOUNS.
29
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05
sz;
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o
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.^ 3 .^ 3 103 D .^4 H3i 175 "-1 .r-i ioj
tD 5^jO fcJO t»0 tJO bD tiD c6 ^ bJO &0 fcJO
saaa
d §
.
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a aaaaaa
ctf w TO cS eo so «3
H » H >H ,H >H »H >H
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ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
I
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p p
p p
Cu
p
p p p
p p p p
r-f] ryi |V| r-fj
r-H 2 ^
_ 'p ^ *p "3
p p p p p
p p p p p
^ pq pq P^ jvj
CO
l,f
M4I
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<%
r
«|| |f| ,. ||1|
sis -3 3' -3 -3 ^P a % S .5 ?•
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ADJECTIVES. 31
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FOREGOING.
(1) — The nominative singular, tan, may be joined to any
noun or pronoun in any person, number, or case for emphasis-
Tan is used reflexively in all its cases with any noun or
pronoun in the third person singular number.
(2.) — The nominative tarn is used in kindness or conde
scansion for nir. It is also used after mr and nlngal for
emphasis.
Tarn is used reflexively in all its cases with pronouns in
the honorific form.
(3.) — The nominative, tangal, is used in the second per-
son singular honorifically.
Tangal is used reflexively in all its cases with pronouns
in the third person plural.
(4.)— Intha, antha, are demonstratives, entha an interro-
gative, and are used, without change of form, with nouns in
any case.
(5.) — This ennaisan Interrogative Adjective Pronoun,
and is joined, without change, to nouns in the singular or
plural number, and in any case.
(6.) — This enna is an Interrogative Personal Pronoun, and
admits of change of case.
ADJECTIVES.
1. Some adjectives are what may be called natural ; as,
pala (USD), many ; sila (&«v>), some.
2. Most are formed from nouns.
By adding ana (4^) ; as, nalam, goodness ; nalamana,
good.
By adding ulla (&.srerr) ; as, vellei, whiteness ; vejjeiyulla,
white.
By dropping the last letter ; as, maram, tree ; mara koppu
tree-branch ; pad am, a lesson : pada pufctaham, a lesson book.
By changing ru into ttu ; as, aru, a river ; attu mm, river
fish.
32 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
By changing the final du into ttu ; as, adu, a sheep ; attu-
nianthei, a flock ; madu, ox ; mattu patti, a cattle-shed.
By changing mbu into ppu ; as, sembu, copper ; seppu
kudam, a copper (brass) water pot.
By doubling t (&) ; as, eruthu, a bullock ; eruttu purei
a bullock-shed.
3. Sometimes a noun is used as in English, as an
adjective ; as, man suvar, a mud wall.
4. Adjectives are not declined.
5. Adjectives precede their nouns.
ADVERBS.
1. Some adverbs are natural ; as, inge (g)®(?«), here.
2. Some are formed from verbs.
Infinitives are used as adverbs ; as uyara ponan, he went
up ; literally, he went to rise.
3. Some adverbs are formed from nouns.
By adding ay to the noun ; as, nandu -f- ay = nanday
pesugiran, he speaks well.
By adding aha ; as, vereivu + aha — vereivaha odinan,
he ran swiftly.
Sometimes by adding e (57) : as, nere po, go straight.
Adverbs precede verbs.
PREPOSITIONS.
1. Particles supply the place of prepositions in most in-
stances, as, avanukku ; to him.
2. Sometimes infinitives of verbs are used as preposi-
tions ; as, avanodu kfida pouan, he went with him ; liter-
ally, to join with him.
3. Some nouns also are so used ; as, mel, (Gust) heaven
or the space above, athin mel, on it. %>, space below, the
lower world, meseiyin kil, under the table,
CONJUNCTIONS. 33
4. Prepositions follow the nouns they govern.
5. For prepositions see vocabulary of " Other Useful
"Words."
CONJUNCTIONS.
i. In good Tamil conjunctions are seldom used. Their
place is supplied by the subjunctive forms of the verb ; as
a van vedtinal. If Jie dig.
ii. Those used are either particles or derivatives from
verbs.
1. Particle, um, and, even. .
Um is added to each noun conjoined ; as, •Kanganium
alum vantharhal (sepsrsirGtyfliLfLD ^r^ui Gj®pirtr&&T.') The Kan-
gany and the man came.
Um, when it occurs with only one noun or pronoun, signi-
fies also, or, even ; as, avanum vanthan, he also came, or,
even he came. But when the latter sense is intended kuda
is sometimes added; as, avanum kuda- vanthan, even he
came.
When um occurs singly with a negative verb, it signifies
not even; as oruvanum vara villei, not (even) one came.
When it occurs more than once with a negative verb, ifc
signifies neither, nor ; ivanum avanum velei seyya vellei,
neither this man nor that worked.
2. Derivatives from ahirathu, («gj©<0^). To be, become.
Anal, ahil. If.
Analum, ahilum, ayinum. Though. If repeated they
take the meaning of either — or.
Aheial, aheiyinal, ahoiyil. Because, therefore," where-
fore.
Anapadial, anapadiyinal, anapadiyinale. Because,
therefore.
Avathu. At least. When repeated, it signifies either
— or.
5
34 ELEMENTS OF GRAMMAR.
3. Derivatives from engirathu, (OTCT©^). To say.
Endu, ena. That.
Endal, enil, with a verb, mean if; with en, (why ?) ep-
padi, (bow ?) enna, (what ?) ethu, (which ?) they mean for.
Endalum. Yet, repeated, either — or. With a negative
neither — nor.
Engilum. Though— yet.
Endameial. Therefore.
INTERJECTIONS.
The following are those commonly used.
A ! Expressive of admiration.
Aha ! do. do.
Ehe ! do. do.
O ! 6 ! do. do.
Oh5 ! do. P^y.
Amma ! do. admiration or surprise.
Sichi ! do. disgust and contempt.
Che ! do. do.
Eiyo ! eiyeiyo ! do pity.
Kuhu ! do. do.
Ada! do. grief, anger, disgust,
Appa ! do. astonishment and ridicule,
Ketti ! ketti ! Clever ! clever !
INTERROGATION.
1. A question is usually asked by adding a (,#) to the
word respecting which enquiry is made ; as Avata vanthan ?
Did he come ? Avan vanthana ? Did he come ?
2. When interrogative pronouns are used the interroga-
tive particle is not added ; as, Evan vanthan ? Which man
came ?
3. Sometimes o is used instead of a ; but o generally
implies doubt.
VOCABULARY— COFFEE,
35
PART SECOND.
VOCABULARY.
Seed,
Seedling,
Coffeebush,
Boot,
Tap root
Side do.
Feeder,
Stock,
Bark,
Bud,
Sprout,
Sucker,
Branch,
Primary branch,
Secondary do.
Tertiary do.
Grormandiser,
Leaf,
Young leaf
Leaf stalk,
Blossom,
Unseasonable do.
Eaiiy do.
Late do.
Young berry,
SSSTJJl
<g$€safl Qeinr,
uss Q&jr
&TIT,
Q& IT Qg rs.gr,
COFFEE,
f, Kappi, Koppi.
vithei, ko|tei.
kandu.
koppi chedi.
ver.
£a//r, ani ver, mula ver.
pakka ver.
tur, adi mar am.
pattei.
tulir, kan.
talir.
kolunthu.
• • *•
koppu, vathu.
tayvathu.
\«
pakka vathu.
simbu vathu.
nasumbu vathu.
gorman vathu.
ilei.
tulir.
ilei kambu.
pQ.
vambu pii.
muthal pu.
pinthina pi/,
pinju.
36
VOCABULARY.
Unripe berry,
Cherry,
Cherry skin,
Dried cherry,
Parchment,
Pounded coffee,
Cured do.
Pea berry,
Triage,
Tail,
Light coffee,
afflU,
ULpLC,
European estate,
Native do.
Company's do.
Own do.
Bented do.
Leased do.
Cultivated do.
Abandoned do.
.Good do.
Bad do.
Fertile do.
kay.
palam.
pala tol, toli.
vattal.
kottei.
kutt.ma koppi.
arisi kottei.
ottei kottei.
kadi kottei.
kappi koppi.
pokku kottei.
3i>rr
COFFEE ESTATE.
, Koppi tottam.
, tureimar tottam.
turei tottam.
, suthesihal tottam.
Tamilan tottam,
-o, Singalavan tottam,
Sonahan tottam.
,compini tottam.
sontha tottam.
vafctei tottam.
kuttahei tottam.
ueysrsssruuu. syehei panriappatta
GpniLL-LDj tottam.
GpfftLi-.u>9 pan tottam.
iru.i—u)t palanulla tottam.
u&te&pp (SpiriLi—Liby palanatta tottam.
GpfnL gelippulla tottam.
Barren estate,
PEllTAINIXGS TO ESTATE. 37
pirLL selippillatha tottam
l—U),
Young
do.
Old do.
Bearing do.
Estate in bearing,
Clean estate,
Weedy do.
Scattered do.
Compact do.
Steep do.
Sloping do.
Undulating do.
Level estate,
Rocky do.
Large do.
Small do.
Upper do.
Middle do.
Lower do.
North do.
East do.
South do.
West do.
l ilang koppi tottain
u*>y>uj ^inLL-u, paleiya tottam.
G?^/TLI<_LC, kaykkira tottam.
(2,j/ri_£_u>,kayppulla tottam.
ppuravana tottam.
, kalei piditta tottam.
tundu tundana t5t-
*# w **
tarn
jadakkamana tottam.
>*
sarivana tottam.
say vana tortam.
meclupallamana tot-
tarn.
LLi—u), samatharei tottam.
periya tottam.
sinna tottam.
mel tottam.
nadu tottam.
** v*
paniya tottam.
kila tottam.
varlakku tottam.
kilakku tottam.
terku tottam.
merku tottam.
Division,
PERTAININGS TO ESTATE.
rr, Tottattin pahuthihal
pahuthi.
38
Upper part,
Middle part,
Lower do.
Front do.
Back do.
End,
Field,
Coffee land,
New coffee,
Old do.
New clearing,
Abandoned coffee,
Grass land, (see
grass
Forest,
Jungle, «/j®,
Swamp,
Grove.
Hill (see hill.)
Knowl,
Hollow,
Valley,
VOCABULARY.
CLOSO tottattu niel pnhutbi.
L-L—LC,
uerrenu),
niel to [tarn,
tottattu nadupahu-
thi.
nadu tottam.
paniya tottam.
tottafctu inun puram-
L9o8TL//Do!}tottattu pin puram.
pin tottam.
tottattu mudivu.
malei, \elei tajam,
malei tottam
koppi kadu.
putbu koppi.
paleiya koppi.
putbu kaHu.
tallupadiyaua kdppi.
pullu malei.
perung kadu, venam.
kadu, siru kadu,
nirsuneippana idam.
iralippn.
solei, toppu.
malei, pottei.
kundu.
pal lam.
tavupallam.
pallattakku.
SOIL, GRASS, HILL, ROCK.
Bavine, G^o« suxresr usrrsrrp nerukkamana pal-
pir&fsjy lattakku.
Bock, (see rock.) uirenp, sevutrenp, parei, kalparei.
Precipice, Qun-flajir&sruiZsi), Q&m porivana malei, sen-
©.^^j gUttll.
Biver, (see river.) ^jv, left, iaru, nathi.
Bridge, (see bridge) u/r«v>Lo, palara.
Brook, ^/D^jy, sittaru.
Water course, ^»*-, odei.
Pool, esa:/r0jafl, PL-IT&LD, urant, tadajiam.
Tank, (see tank.) @etru3, kulani.
Drain, (see drain.) sireor, sirs*, kan, kal.
Culvert, L06WL., madei.
Boad, ^/reru^fl', utrsnr3, o;i^,irasta, pathei, vali,
vulg. GirffLL®, rottu.
Boundary, GGVSQS, &M»u>rtri*i elhei, elleimanam.
Hedge, GeusQ, veli.
Stile, «a/Ll«»L-, kavattei.
Gate, a//r^ffo vulg. CJ« tl vasal, ket vasal.
Store, (see store.) ®eivpG(yir, istor.
Pulping house, (see Qnns&p <£®, rothei vl:lu.
P. h.)
Receiving do. u/p^CTT-sS^aSL.^, palara alakkiraidam.
Lines, (see Hues.) ffttuesr, layan.
Cattle shed, Lc/n_L®u ULlqi, mattu patti.
Stable, (§ftes>nff{>iruju>, kuthirei lay am.
Bungalow, u/nssnrr, bangala.
SOIL,
>, Man,Nilam.
Earth, LO«WT, iSsvu), man, nilam.
Clay, «0rf?Lo«ror, kalimari.
Loam, u&3einjceair} pasalei mail,
Black soil, &($*&), karusal.
40
VOCABULARY.
Red soil,
Gravel I}7 soil,
Man a grass,
Guinea grass,
Arugu do.
Korei do.
Toof-,
Sede,
Ridge,
Top,
Rise,
Slope,
Granite,
Gneiss,
Limestone,
Quartz,
Gravel,
Hard rock,
Soft do.
Slab do.
Boulders,
Broken rocks,
&tr®rr
L/SV)
sevval, gemma?.
saral kalantha man,
GRASS.
Pul, Pullu.
mana pullu.
simei pul, kini pul.
aruham pullu,
korei pullu.
HILL.
•, Malei, Pottei.
, maleiyadi, adivaram,
malei pakkam.
muthuhu medu.
utchi, siharam.
ettam.
ffiriuuLj, irakkam, sayppu.
ROCK.
fffferr,
Q SB C. tf cu IT em ar eo
,Karpar, Parei.
karung kal.
karung kal.
, sukkan kal.
vengitchang kal.
saral.
karung kal.
kettiyanakal.
kaclinamana kal
ma kal.
lesana kal.
padarntha parei.
urundoi kaL,
tundu kal.
RIVER, BRIDGE.
41
Source,
Mouth,
Bank,
Bottom,
Surface,
Deep place,
Shallow,
' Ford,
Bathing place,
1 Washerman's do.
Waterfall,
Iron bridge,
Stone do.
Brick do.
Wooden do.
Wire do.
Arched do.
jrame do.
Suspension do,
Abutment,
Wing,
Pilo,
Pier,
QLD/D
RIVER.
^, Aru, Nathi.
uttu.
-D, kalimuham.
karei.
adi tarei.
mel tarmlr.
«*
tannerinmel.
alamana id am.
kalam, nir kalam.
kadakkira turei.
kulikkira turei.
vannan turei.
• aruvi.
jpetnp,
BRIDGE.
Palam.
LDJTU UlTffDU)
UITffi)U))
iruppu palam.
kal kattu palam.
sengal palam.
mara palam.
kambi palam.
kaman palam.
sattang kattina pa-
lam.
tongal palam,
sangili palam.
karei tQn muhappu
tun
vila chuvar,
chuvar.
palam tangi.
tun.
pakka
42
VOCABULARY.
Arch,
Opening of arch-
way,
Intrados of bridge, sLorrear
Extrados do.
Key stone do.
"Water way,
Dug tank,
Built do.
Bund,
Culvert,
Surplus water
drain,
Natural drain,
Cut do.
Built do.
Side do.
Cross do.
Covered do.
TANK.
Kularn.
L£CS)L—<
kaman.
kanvay.
kaman ulvay.
kaman puravay.
utchi kal.
sala tarei.
vettukulam.
teppa kulam.
karei.
madei.
kalingal.
DRAIN.
stresr, srr&t, Kan, Kal.
siren-,
srresr,
sirssr,
tanayirukkira kan,
vettu kan.
katf.u kan.
pakka kan.
kurukku kan.
mudu kan, madei.
Cart
Bridle
Foot path
Upper
Lower
, QfftTLL
road,
do.
do.
do,
do.
(?/r/n_L®,
ROAD.
», Irasta, Eottu, Pathei.
karattei rottu
vandi pathei.
kuthirei pathei.
ottadi pathei.
uncap, mel pathei.
uirenp, kil pathei.
ROAD,
43
Principal road, Qutfttu
Govenment do.
Public
Private
Metaled
Side
Zigzag
Mountain
Jungle
\ Village
Street
Steep
Level
Good
do.
do.
do.
Unmetaled do.
Cabook do.
do.
do.
do. to&ou u
do. sinL(S)u
do.
road,
do.
do.
Bad do.
1 Dangerous do.
Safe do.
Long do.
Short do.
Circuitous do.
Near do.
Wide do.
Narrow do.
Hill side of do.
f Lower side of do.
Retaining wall,
Bandy track,
Cutting,
Metal,
utrenp,
&6UIT,
periya pathei.
peruna pathei,
sarkkar pathei.
pothu pathei.
tanathu pathei.
kalp6t,ta pathei.
man pathei,
semniakki potta pa-
thei.
pakka vali,
kurukku marukkana
pathei.
malei pathei.
kattu pathei.
ur pathei.
vlthi, teru.
v
porivana pathei,
samanana pathei.
nalla pathei.
*
ketta pathei.
mosamana pathei.
suhamaha pathei.
nedum pathei.
s+
kifctina pathei.
suttu pathei.
kurukku pathei.
ahala pathei.
idukkamana pathei.
malei pakkam.
kll pakkam.
man tangu suvar.
vandi tadam.
v*
vettu vay.
rottu kal.
VOCABULARY.
LINES.
or, Lay an
New lines, L\&
Old do. ues)Lpuj
Upper do.
LoW9r do. &p etiuear,
Thatched do.
Iron roofed do.
Shingled do, u>ir
tutor,
Verandah do.
Double do.
Single do.
Eoof pole,
Support of roof,
Bushel,
Trap-board
Water wheel.
Do. bucket,
Shaft (driving),
Wheel,
Pully wheel,
Coupling do.
Cog do.
puthu layan.
paleiya layan.
mel layan.
kil layan.
, pullu mey ntha layan
iruppu tahadumudi-
ya layan.
mara odu potta la-
yan.
virantha layan.
irattei layan.
ottei layan.
mallu.
kal.
CHEBEY LOFT.
Palam alakkira vidu.
busal.
pala chippu.
PULPING HOUSE.
, Palpana vidu
tannir rothei.
rothei petti.
Quifliu jyev alavangu,periya ala-
vangu.
r5thei.
, euirirGinr patti rothei, var ro-
thei.
kappiling rothei
pallu rothei.
PULPING HOUSE,
zj«v>uL/<gj)
Spur wheel,
Pinion do.
Pulper do.
Crusher do.
Crank do.
Bevelled do.
Fly do.
Key of wheel,
Cog,
Spur,
Wheelband, strap,
Pulper, uetuuiea),
Disc pulper,
Breast do.
Frame of pulper,
Hopper,
Crusher,
<3a IT cap, mul pallu rothei,.
, sinna pallu rotheL
palpana rothei.
nasukki rothei.
Pulper (cylinder),
Pulper sheet,
Do. tooth (blunt) ©u9
Do. do. (cut)
Chop,
Upper chop,
Lower do.
Chop screw,
Coupling,
Lever,
Cross shaft,
Crank do.
Plummer block,
Bearing,
Cup bearing,
kirangu rothei.
GatremuuGtgx C^/r«D^,konapallu rothei.
pilay rothei.
rothei appu.
pallu.
mul lupal.'
patti, var,
palpana.
amei palpana.
nalla pambu palpana,
sattam.
pala petti,
nasukki, nasukki
urulei.
palpana urulei
Jugo) urulei tahadu, pal-
pana taljadu.
kumil.
pallu, mullu,
sokkule.
mel chokkull.
kil chokkull.
sokkull ani.
kappiling,
kei, kappiling kei.
kurukku alavangu.
kirangu alavangu,
pun tangi.
pun.
koppei pun.
46
VOCABULARY.
Spout,
Sieve,
Tray,
Well,
Chain,
Bucket,
Chain pulleys,
Nut,
Wrench,
Drain,
Cistern,
Fermenting
tern,
Washing
Wet
CIS-
do.
do.
Tail
Sluice,
Strainer,
Sluice board,
do.
Ltf
pili.
salladei.
kottei tattu.
pala toni.
57 sangili, petti chan-
gili.
sangili petti.
, sangili, tukkurothei.
nmritchi.
skaruppu chavi.
kan.
totti.
aluha veikkuni totti.
kaluvum totti.
naneiya veikkum
totti.
pokku totti.
tarimr kathavu.
salladei, vadippan.
vadi palahei.
See Bungalow.
Mat (coir),
Do. (wire),
Upper story,
Trellised floor,
Steps,
Balustrade,
Pan,
STOEE.
/f, Istor.
IJITILJ,
kayattu pay.
kambi pay.
,mettei, mel mefctei.
karathi talam.
%•
padi.
(padi) keipidi.
kattu rothei.
BUNGALOW, BASEMENT, WALL.
BUNGALOW.
Bangala.
FOUNDATION (dug),
Foundation (built),
Stone foundation,
Brick do.
Concrete do.
Deep do.
Shallow do.
Wide do.
Narrow do.
Strong do. Qu&*u>trear
Weak do.
BASEMENT,
| FLOOR,
Ground floor,
Upper do.
Brick do.
Plaster do.
Wood, do.
Binding joist,
Joist,
Floor boarding,
\ WALL,
Enclosure wall,
pens
vanam.
astivaram.
kal astivaram.
sengal astivaram.
kalappi astivaram.
, alamaua astivaram.
, alang kureintha asti-
varam.
a^alamana astiva.
ram.
iT nerukkamana asti-
N* **
varam.
belamana astivaram.
iv@ belavinamana astiva-
ram.
Tala mattam.
Talam, Tala varisei.
adi talam.
mel talam.
sengal paviya talam.
sunnambu talam.
mara talam.
tala ufctiram.
tala kattei.
tala varisei palahei.
Suvar,
suttu chuyar,
48
VOCABULARY.
House wall, e£il.(£)& «6i;/f,
vittu chuvar.
Main do. iSin^ircsr <Srsuir}
pirathana suvar.
pinLjf *F«u/r,
tay chuvar.
t Partition do. i^ifi &6iJir,
piri suvar.
Longitudinal do. Q/5®<gj #a//r,
nedun chuvar.
CrOSS dO. (8j£U&(&)<5: <9?a//f,
kurukku chuvar.
Front do. (tpssr ^o//f,
mun suvar.
Back do. iSletr ffreuir,
pin suvar.
Gable do. Qi^p^tf Greuir,
netti chuvar.
High do. e_oj/f/5^ -ffrsuir,
uyarntha suvar.
Low do. &LLG&L—& <9r6uir}
kattei chuvar.
Thick do. sax pp &QJIT,
kanatta suvar.
J-hin do. 0£06V)6u'<9r <£F <ffrGUlTt
mellisu chuvar.
Verandah do. eflay/Bjirf G-suir,
virantha chuvar.
Parapet do. unQup&i& &auir}
parapettu chuvar.
Retaining do. ©/D^.®^ &eu,T,
kurattu chuvar.
ARCH, &u>tr&r,
Kaman.
See Bridge.
CEILING, ^o^pQu^n)SLLL^.)
Arei mel katti.
Ceiling cloth, ^^D^QW^SLL^ &
2sot arei mel katti chilei,
HoOF, <3n.es>ff}
Kurei.
S. evaiTfftr.
wahala.
Terrace roof, ^irflsrs <^L65)^r,
tarisu kurei.
S. &piRiuir(5*iairar
, lathiri yaru wahala.
Gable do. (Lp&u~.®& &.G&F,
muhattu kurei.
S. ^L-eusirefr,
adawahaja.
1 Wall plate, fLLt-ib,
chafctam (or sattam.)
Q <?
?* 9
yattall.
T) 1 J
1 OlO QO. QLDeti&LLt—LD,
mel^chattam.
S. £.<-.aju.^.eS,
udayattall,
ROOF.
Tie beam,
Ali-£, £aprA:
.£.Lo,vittam, mngavittai
Q * *
balkka. "
King post,
wm.8msri»t
usikal.
S. ©Quutreu,
kuruppava.
Queen do.
LJ&£ f>£!L®<s;&ir&)
pakka usikal.
S. Lj&@&<S(Suun
•a/, punjikuruppava.
Strut or brace,
ff*.es)ir QfLLGlssiret
j kurei muttu kal.
S. rtA&QjGU,
mukkuva.
Collar or straining Gu>&> eStlL-Lo,
mel vittam.
beam,
S. ^Bsnjirerr&S,
anabalkka.
Ridge pole,
<y>&LL®<s8tiL{,
muhattu kambu.
S. (Lf>&IEJlLILLl-($,
muthung yattall.
Principal,
tSiTjSirsar &DS,
pirathana kei.
S. airuQu&&(&)etr)
kappekakula.
Purlin,
enspirtaS,
kei thangi.
S. jytlt-ey/r^rr,
attavalei.
1 Common rafter,
mm,
kei.
S. uffirerr,
parala.
! Corner do.
£Lprt&6S)&,
mulei kei.
S. ^^uuffirerr,
mulapparala.
Verandah do.
euirffGGDS,
vara kei.
S. ^eW^/TLJL/ffl/L
iu istoppuva parala.
/r/reirr,
Verandah plate,
eSffyispir &-p$ffU)t
virantha ufctiram.
s.aA<*fi*uLt»
UJLL istoppuva yattall.
Lath,
m***-t*u*9
varitchu, rlppar.
-
S. fuut
rippa.
| Tile,
§^®>
odu.
S. e-(«^,
ulu.
Square tile,
#^/r g5®,
sathura odu.
S. 0/^/r>/z9 a-^p,
petti ulu.
Pan do.
/F/roR gj>®,
nali odu,
S. Gu/r^(5 BL®,
"bokku ulu.
'7
50
Glass tile,
Spout,
VOCABULARY.
S.
S.
Support of spout, iSsQ pir/is®,
S, iSujev&uj&si
Drain, liireijL^iLjd} fie®,
S. iSujeveo,
Eidge, <y>&® vulg.
S.
f Eve,
S.
palingu odu.
vitharu ulu.
plli.
pihalla.
plli thangi.
pihalla yakkada.
mr vadiyum plli.
\*
pihalla.
muhadu, modu.
muthuna.
talvaram.
aguva.
VERANDAH,
S.
Virantha.
istoppuva.
Verandah steps, e$(y/s@rru uup., virantha padi.
S. {jjm)G<$iruL]uLiL$uj, istoppu padiya.
I Pillar,
! Base of pillar,
Shaft of pillar,
Capital of pillar,
Verandah rail,
Trellis work,
DOOR,
I Glass door,
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S. Qpirjr,
s
S,
tun.
kuluna.
adi tun,
kuluna at£ibarama.
nadu tun.
kuluna.
tun taleippu.
\> * V*
kulunu oluva.
virantha kirathi.
karathi vetta.
pun ehedi kirathi.
kathavu.
dor a.
kannadi kathavu.
vithuru dora.
DOOR.
S. petti
/ Venetian door, @&>s«,s6y,
S. S8<*
I Swing do.
Folding do.
1 Double do.
Sliding do.
Ledge do.
Trap do.
Screen do.
Wicket,
1 Frame,
1 Sill,
Lintel,
\ Post,
f Stile,
Mounting,
Top rail,
S.
QjSITff,
S.
0*
S. eQfffsr Qpirir,
S. &GVtTLDSS,U
«
S.
LC
S.
S.
m.
S.
S.
S.
E.U. &L-L-LD,
S.
51
ilei kathavu.
jallis dora.
ottei kathavu.
tani dora .
madippu kathavu.
afctarapiyan dora.
irattei kathavu.
teppiyan dora.
tallu vasal (kathavu.)
lisana dora.
kambei kathavu.
kalambei dora.
nilavarei kathavu.
bingey dora.
inareippu kathavu.
reti vetta.
titti vasal,
kadulla.
kathavu nilei.
uluvasa.
kil nilei.
elippatta.
mel nilei.
uda padiya.
nilei.
uluvakkanu.
sattam.
tigaregal.
ul chattam.
medaregal.
mcl chattam.
udaregal.
52
Bottom rail,
®&
Lock do.
©^
S. ,
Freize do.
©^
S. .
Panel,
jysa
S. i
Beading,
An
S. •
Lock,
L£L
S.
Latch,
*p
S.
Button,
Pdi
S.
Bar,
&
S.
Bolt,
•sir
S.
f Key,
fflT
S.
Keyhole,
fff
S.
Key plate,
fir
s
} Handle,
Ki/»
«>
S.
1 Hinge,
S.
Staple,
0^
s,
VOCABULARY.
&L-L-LQ
Listens
Quirenefr,
k!l chattam.
yattaregal.
kurukku chattam.
aras vittam.
kurukku mel chat-
tam.
fy a_j_diklt_ii>,aras udavittam.
adei palaliei.
penal,
pirarnbu.
poradama.
puttu.
yafctura.
kathavu matti.
kokka.
tiruhu talpal
kurulla.
kurukku tappal.
polla.
talpal, tirangu.
tarange.
savi.
yatfcura muthiruva.
savi tuvaram.
yatturukatta.
, savi tuvara tahadu.
munatahaduva*
kathavu pidi,
keippudiya.
kll.
saruneru,
kondi.
kokka.
WINDOW.
! WINDOW,
MflTMj
Sannal.
•
0
jannala.
Glass window,
S 60V (GOT) Lq.& feSfffi
srsb, kannadi ohannal.
I Venetian do.
fe. £0^(75 ggswearg
«, vitharu jannala.
ilei channal.
i
S. sttrfeitf &ms
urefl, jallis jannala.
[ Frame,
fSOT€Sf&i) l&<2o\)f
sannal nilei.
o • •
ajffi, jannal uluvasa.
| Post,
«*»,
nilei.
S. SL^GlJf,
uluvasa.
Lintel,
Guxh Ate,
mel nilei.
S. *.i-uui}iu,
udappadiya.
Sill,
ff^p /§^>,
kil nilei.
S. UJL-L^UUL^lU,
, yattappadiya.
f Top rail,
Gu>pe£t-ii,
mel chattam.
S. SLL-Gff&ffO,
udaregal.
Bottom rail,
QipsF fiLt-u>,
kil chattam.
S. tUL-L-Gffe&9
yattaregal.
Middle do.
/E®ffi fLLl-l*,
nadu chattam.
S. Qu>fsGff*&,
metharegal.
Stile,
JfLLl—LD,
sattam.
S. @sGffsa>,
tigaregal.
' Sash or lattice,
SjSGj,
kathavu.
S« LSuJirffUTy
piyana.
Sashbars,
S GSSf @S8)Lf.& ffiGVgi
v£ ^Ll.kannadi chillu chat-
£-li,
tam.
S. 6S^7(75« (J<S/TL
1®, vithuru kottu.
/Pane,
Gt&8T<6G)Lp.f &0i))
kannadi chil (or sil).
S» fi2^(J5,
vitharu.
1 Putty,
u>*@, uLl^,
makku, patti.
S. ULl£f,
patti.
Shutter,
^«a-«T^ @0©ZE7 <
s^ay, sannal mudung ka-
thavu.
VOCABULARY,
BOOM
Dining room,
Drawing do.
Bed do.
Dressing do.
Closet,
Office,
Bath room,
Store do.
Appoo's do.
Kitchen,
Kitchen oven,
Sink,
Out-house (go-
down)
FIREPLACE,
Hearth,
Fireplace,
Chimney,
Stove,
Grate,
Flue,
Arei.
y ffiruuiril.® tini arei,
sappat
DINING BOOM,
FURNITURE,
Dining table,
Chair,
L?.ffiruS/E]
©tp/r«/,
arei.
diraying rum arei.
padukkei arei.
udukkira arei.
ullarei, sittarei.
apisu.
kulikkira arei.
istor kidangu.
appuvin arei.
kusini.
(?Lj/rbekkar aduppu, po-
rani aduppu.
salaham.
kidangu.
Aduppang arei.
aduppu,aduppume-
dei.
aduppu.
puhei kundu.
irumbu aduppu,
istov.
neruppu kirathi.
puhei kulay.
FUBNITURE.
sir, Saman, Tattu muttuhal.
iu Sappat areikuriy a.
samanga I .
tini mesei.
narkali,
DINING ROOM FURNITURE.
Sideboard,
Cupboard,
Shelf,
Lamp,
Standing lamp,
Hanging do.
Oil do.
Paraphine do.
Hand do.
Night do.
Bedroom do.
Lampstand,
Candle,
Candlestick,
Decanter,
Bottle,
Tumbler,
Wine glass,
Soup tureen,
Soup ladle,
Sauce tureen,
Sauce ladle,
Dish,
Plate,
Hotwater plate,
Dessert
Cheese
do.
do.
Knife,
Carving knife,
Steel,
Fork,
<2u/r/fil,
«u(?u/r®,
.gar .5(5
Guirppet,
sayid pord.
kappodu.
tattu.
v
vilakku.
kuttu vilakku.
tukku vilakku.
ennei vilakku.
parapin vilakku.
kei vilakku.
vidi vilakku.
padukkei arei
lakku.
vilakku tandu.
meluhu vatti.
* /senr®, meluhu vatti tandu,
dikkandar.
pottal, putti.
tambalar.
vayin kilas,
sup turin.
sQp ladil.
sas turin.
eas ladil.
dis.
pingan.
gGssressFiru fits sudu tannir pingan.
arei pingan.
r, @®o £EJ kal pingan, sis pin-
gan,
katti.
p%x>Gu>es>ffB
talei mesei katti.
tittugira aram.
mullu.
VOCABULARY.
Carving fork,
Silver do.
Plated do.
Steel do.
Spoon,
Large spoon,
Dessert do.
Tea do.
Mustard do.
Salt do.
Salt cellar,
Mustard pot,
Vinegar cruet,
Pepper do.
Oil cruet,
Cruet stand,
Finger glass,
Napkin,
Teapot,
Coffee pot,
Cup,
Saucer,
Milk jug,
Sugar basin,
Butter dish,
Toast rack,
Mug,
Table mat,
Tray,
affemup.,
Quifioj GiremrLq.)
eru
firffir,
Litre*
QeuemfQemiu un
UlTiU
talei mesei mullu.
velli mullu.
kild mujlu.
irumbu mullu,
karandi.
periya karandi.
arei karandi.
tey karandi.
mustad karandi.
uppu karandi.
uppu kudu.
mustad putti.
kaduhu kuppi.
kadi putti.
kadi kuppi.
milahu putti.
0, milaliu kuppi.
tp, ereffsr onnei putti, ennei
, kuppi.
I kuppi tattu.
kurut istarid.
pingar kilas.
kei tuvalei.
N*
te potchu.
koppei potchu.
koppei.
piris, sasar.
pal jakku.
Bini pattiram.
^ii,vennei pattiram.
tostu rekku.
kuvalei.
mesei pay,
tattu.
DRAWING ROOM & BED ROOM FURNITURE.
DRAWING ROOM
FURNITURE,
Clock,
Bound table,
Teapoy,
Work table,
"Work box,
Easy chair,
Arm chair,
Footstool,
Couch,
Sofa,
Sofa cushion,
Book shelf,
Picture,
Painting,
Print,
Piano,
Harmonium,
Carpet,
BED KOOM
NITURE,
Bedstead,
Headboard,
Footboard,
Post,
Frame,
Top,
Diraying rum arei
chamangal.
oralosi.
vatta mesei.
sinna mesei.
teiyal mesei*
teiyal petti,
saymana narkali.
keiyulla narkali.
kal manei.
kavutchu.
sopa.
sopa mettei.
pustaha tattu, pusta-
ha alumaru.
sittira padam.
9^ varunam pusina
sittira padam.
ui- atchitta sifctira pa-
dam.
Qu tanthi kinnara petti.
arumonyam.
samukkalam.
&srr,
sired,
f ffinoir Padukkei arei cha-
manga].
kattii.
kattil taleimadu.
kattil kalmadu.
kattil kal.
kattil chattam.
tdmtira.
8
58
VOCABULARY.
Curtain,
Bed clothes,
Mattress,
Counterpane,
Blanket,
Sheet,
Pillow.
Pillow case,
Chest of
Almira,
Chest,
Box,
Portmanteau
Carpet bag,
Window blind,
Window blind
ler,
Curtain,
DRESSING BOOM
FURNITURE,
1 Dressing Table,
/ Drawer,
! Table cloth,
Looking glass,
Pin,
Pin cushion,
Watchstand,
Brush,
Hair brush,
' Clothes do.
Stiuefl
Qurfltu
es>u,
- ffer ear es
tomtira challa.
v* \*
kattil pudaveihal.
mettei.
(kattilil virikkum)
m el pudavei.
kambali.
tuppatti.
taleiyariei.
taleiyanei urei.
latchi petti,
alum aru.
periya petti,
petti,
tol petti.
samukkala pei.
sannal mudum chi-
lei.
sannal mudum chi-
lei kambu.
sannal mOdum tirei.
Udukkira arei cha-
man.
uduppu mesei.
latchi.
mesei tuppatti.
kanriadi,
kundOsi.
kuridiisi mefetei.
kadikaram taugi.
purus.
mayir elvum purus.
uduppu tudeikkum
purus.
BATH ROOM & KITCHEN FURNITURE.
Nail brush,
Tooth do.
Comb,
Small tooth
Hair oil,
Hair oil bottle,
Wash-hand stand,
Wash-hand basin,
Water jug,
Do. decanter,
Do. glass,
Soap dish,
Lid,
Brush dish,
Sponge,
Do. dish,
Clothes horse,
Do. peg,
Soap,
Towel,
BATHROOM
NITURE,
Water butt,
Tub,
ULJ,
s-<SuL},5piTtB(9jij)
«r
naha purus. *
pallu purus.
sippu.
siru pallu chippu.
talei ennei.
ennei putti.
kei kaluvum mesei.
kei kaluvum besan.
tannlr jakku.
tanmr dikkandar.
tanmr kilas.
savukkara dis.
Bavukkara dis mudi.
pal purus dis.
ispanju.
ispanju dis.
uduppu tangi.
tangum
mulei.
savukkaram.
tuvalei.
jqenpfffruDir Kulikkira arei cha-
man.
tannir pippay.
tannlr totti.
KITCHEN
TURE,
Curry stone,
Curry grinder,
Mortar,
*iru>ireir,
Kusini chaman.
ammi.
amini kulavi.
ural.
VOCABULARY.
Pestle,
Bucket,
Baking chatty,
Curry do.
Bice do.
Waterpot,
Brass waterpot,
Saucepan,
Kettle,
Gridiron,
Sieve,
Ladle,
Do. Rack,
Cocoanut scraper,
Rice strainer,
Paste board,
Paste roller,
Chopping board,
Shelf,
Lime squeezer,
Cake mould,
Broom,
Hand broom,
Brush,
Tin can,
OFFICE FURNI-
TURE.
Desk,
Pigeon hole,
euireffi,
GILS®*,
<$tf.,
, Guiressft,
Gu&w,
ulakkei.
porani.
kari chatti.
panei, sottupanei.
kudam.
seppu kudam.
sasu panei.
kettal.
kiril,
sulahu, muram.
ahappei.
ahappei tukku.
tengay tiruvi,
tatfcu kudei,
ma mesei.
rol tadi.
ireitchikofctumkattei.
tattu palahei, selpu.
tesikay idukki.
\«
kek atchu.
tumbu kattei.
tudeippam.
purus tudeippam.
pohani, poni, kuva-
lei.
Apisu ohaman.
desku,
desk arei.
penei.
OFFICE FURNITURE.
61
Steel pen,
1 Penknife,
Pen wiper,
Lead pencil
Colored do.
Slate do.
Paper,
Foolscap paper,
Letter do.
Note do.
Blotting do.
Envelope,
Paper knife,
Ink,
f Inkbottle,
; Inkstand,
Wax,
Gum,
Wafer,
Wafer crusher,
Seal,
India rubber,
Scissors,
Paper weight,
Paper clip,
Letter scale,
/ Euler,
I Twine,
; Letter,
Postage stamps,
Receipts,
Q»0il Ousar^a),
euiressru Qusorffia
i/f Guuuir,
GtBinL Guuuir,
Guuuir
0S)LDU
<2<£/r«rt>,
r, vulg,
urukku penei.
penei katti.
pen tudeippam.
led pensil.
varrrn pensil.
siled pensil.
kaduthasi, kahitham.
pulskap kaduthasi.
lettar peppar.
nod peppar.
pilatting peppar.
kaduthasiiirei kudu,
kaduthasi vetti.
mei, tinthei.
mei putti.
mei kudu,
arakku.
pisin.
vebar.
vebar amukki.
mufctirei, mufctirei
kol.
*u. rappar, ottei tol.
kafctari kol.
kaduthasi amukki.
kahitham idukki.
kaduthasi tirasu,
rul kambu.
podi kayiru.
kahitham, kadu-
thasi.
tabal muttirei.
iraelthu.
VOCABULARY.
Memoranda,
Memorandum book^tutrg
Account book,
Map,
Plan, /-SsYT/naJr©,/#tJL/,
Cash box,
Money chest,
Do. bag,
uemu onu
yathastu.
yathastu pustaham.
kanakku puttaham.
tesa padam,
pilan kurippu.
tallu kayitha kudei.
kasu petti,
pana petti,
pana pei.
Owner,
Agent,
Visiting Agent,
PERSONS CONNECTED WITH ESTATE.
rr, T5ttattei chernthavarhal.
N* ^
Qffiir/f,£& muthalali sonthak.
karan.
ejendu.
visifcting ejendu
turei.
turei, peria turei.
v. s*
sinna turei.
kandattar, kandak-
ku."
peria karigani.
kangarti.
Superintendent,
Assistant,
Conductor,
Head Cangany,
Cangany,
Writer or Clerk,
Accountant,
Store-keeper,
Mason,
Watchman,
Bandyman,
Cat tie -keeper.
Cooly,
, QutfitugiGnir,
reittar.
kanakka pillei.
ist5r karigani.
mesan.
kavalkaran.
varjclikaran.
roattukaran.
kulial, kulikaran.
OCCUPATIONS.
Contractor,
Contract cooly,
Appoo,
Cook,
Kitchen cooly,
Horsekeeper,
Gardener,
Provision cooly,
Post cooly,
Qsirs®,
conthirattukaran.
conthira&u al.
N»
appu.
kokki.
kusini metti.
kuthireikaran.
tottakaran.
V*
ratti pettikaran.
tapalkaran.
1 Doctor.
Carpenter,
Blacksmith,
Goldsmith,
Washerman,
Barber,
Sawyer,
Woodcutter,
Shingle-maker,
Farmer,
Farrier,
Bazaarman,
Hawker,
Chetty,
Tailor,
Shoemaker,
Labourer,
Porter,
OCCUPATIONS.
w, Tolilhal.
eurr6rrssirffesr9
veittian.
tatchan, odavi.
kollan.
tattan.
vannan.
, uifttumfl, navithan, pariari.
valkaran.
wilif, kadu vetfi.
QftuSpeussr, mara odu seyhira-
van.
sarnusari.
ladakaran.
kacleikaran.
pottariikaran.
setti.
teialkaran.
Bemman.
kulial.
sumeikaran.
VOCABULARY.
TOOLS, &c.
/Et&eir, Ayuthangal.
COOLIES' TOOLS,
&c.,
Mattock,
Weed mattock,
Weed scraper,
Pruning knife,
Sack,
Small sack,
Basket,
Coffee rake,
Scoop,
Bushel,
Large mortar,
Pestle,
Winnow (sieve),
Hammer,
Sledge-hammer,
Ramrod,
Scraper, & new up.
Pickaxe,
Crowbar,
Rammer, .QLtirm&rrsyr,
Powder,
Fuze,
Hatchet,
Long-handled do. «/rtl t-ifteuirtir
Axe,
Hand-axe,
Bill-hook,
Kulikararukkuriya
ayuthangal.
manvetti.
pulvetti.
suraiidi, karandi.
kavattu katti.
sakku.
kutti chakku.
kudei.
kindu palahei.
iskoppei.
pushal, busal.
kunthani.
ulakkei.
sulahu, muram.
suttial.
siles amar.
ramrod,
karandi.
pikkasu, pikkan.
kadapparei, ala-
vangu.
mongan.
vedi marunthu.
marunthu tiri.
kei kodali.
kattarival.
k5dali.
kei kodali.
vettu katti, kei katti.
CARPENTER'S TOOLS.
Sickle,
jy.t/a//rwr,
arival.
Bake,
QjTS(5,
rekku.
Picket peg,
GQ%W, Vulg. &*-
6D&, mulei, kuni.
Do. (small)
o*»,
kutchi.
CARPENTER'S
pff&ir ^iLj^isia
ICTT, Tatchar ayuthangal
TOOLS,
Adze,
eared,
vatchi.
Singalese Ceoi
uy leya.
Saw,
euirerr,
val.
S. tsujpp,
klatta.
Hand-saw,
GS>& QJlTsk,
kei val.
S. vpQiupp,
atklatta.
Bow-saw,
mem euirw,
nan val.
S. JPjSp!S@tUp
•py tunukkiafcta.
Cross-cut saw,
gyasfisiJirvr,
kurukarival.
S. ^tTireK^iu^
pt araskiatta.
Saw set,
eutrerru uetip £
^(5^^, vai pal tirufcti.
S. ppfecurQat.
, tattanduva.
Jack plane,
®&>pCjLjeti,
ileippuli.
S. Q&LLL-lLJ/Si
&, gettayattu.
Smoothing plane,
@e>je&,
Bivuli.
S. L£Ll.U.UJ^&
i, mattayattu.
Plough plane,
!L0fr&@e>]Gfl,
ula chivuli.
S. L]6(F>&@UJi5}
f, pulukkiatta.
Beading plane,
L§ffU)L-l& @e*l<5&
J, pirambu chivuli.
Spokeshave,
@(Z£aDffl/*/SI0,
iluvei uli.
S. tfujirujp?,
piyayatta.
Bench vice,
U>ffU> @l®&@,
maram idukki.
S. ^/r«^0 ^
wr®a/, taridu anduva.
Cramp,
jy^e,
allu.
S. QfflTlMU),
kiramma.
Mallet,
QsinLi-fruLj®
iJ), kottapuli.
S. jifpp&Q&i
r<«»5e/, attakoluva.
*
9
VOCABULARY.
Flat chicel,
Chisel for cutting
iron,
S. iStueor,
Mortice chisel,
&f>
S.
Bound chisel,
mi
S.,
Brace bit
^6
S.
Centre bit,
ec£,
S.
Drill,
&D
Drill cord,
&D
Q
S. ,
Gouge,
tf^
S.. «
Auger,
pu
S. ,
Gimlet,
jg?/j
S.
Screw driver,
Ol>(2
S.
Pincers,
@5
S.
Gauge,
eua
S.
Hasp,
U>ff
S.
takattuli.
v
niyana.
vettirumbu.
S. iu&&t—&&u ueors yakkadakka pana
«*!©, kattu.
sittuli
ununiyana.
vatta uli.
roun niyana.
burumei.
burumei.
usi.
kattuva,
turappanam
turappana.
or turappana kayaru,
or Til,
turappana lanu,
kamanuli.
pokkuniyana.
tamarusi.
alakkara.
turappanam.
buruma.
skuru mudukki.
, ekuruppu niyana.
idukki.
anduva.
vareikol.
varaikothu.
mara aram.
raskuTa.
Eule,
BLACKSMITH'S & MASON'S TOOLS, &c. 67
s mulakol, adikol.
S. Gsir&ajy
kothuva.
Compass,
&suff[rffu>t
kavarasam.
S. SGUSSL-G),
kavakattu.
Line,
&re9,
nul.
S.
BLACKSMITH'S
TOOLS, &c.,
Forge,
Furnace,
Bellows,
Anvil,
Sledge-hammer,
Tongs,
Vice,
Rasp,
File,
Kollar ayuthangal,
ulei kudam.
ulei.
turutti.
adei kal.
sammatti, kudam.
kuradu.
pidittiravi.
padiaram.
aram.
MASON'S TOOLS,
Trowel,
Pointing trowel, @®opmr&
Tracing trowel,
Plummet,
Smoothing rule,
Level,
Square,
Polishing board,
Polishing stone,
USI—L-.U3
Mesan ayuthangal,
karandi, kollaru,
kustara karandi.
pu karai.idi.
tukku.
matta palaheL
nlr mattam.
mulei mattam.
maniasi palahei.
manias! kal.
63
VOCABULARY.
ANIMALS.
rr, Miruhangal.
DOMESTIC ANI- <$LL® d^stis^,
Yittu miruhangal.
MALS,
Horse, (gj^Gnir,
kuthirei.
Mare, QULL&X-& <g£«o/r,
pettei kuthirei, me-
GlAlfi,
ri.
Pony, LDLLi—s (gjffisiDir nnL
matta kuthirei, mat-
t-U),
tarn.
C^Olt, (W^L^-fl.,
kutti.
Aoa
XXbtoj &Q-Qc8)d;y
kaluthei.
She-ass, QuLL.68)L~& sn^s6>st
pettei kaluthei.
Jb Oal, <2>(T£ 68)^45 O^-^-j
kaluthei kutti.
Mule, Q&irQsiJ^il S(~LD<SS)S
koveru kaluthei, ve-
Gmifffi,
sari.
Bull, sirfar,
kalei.
Young bull, @0yr/Q 5/rSarr,
ilang kalei.
Bullock, LO/T®, OTO^,
madu, eruthu.
Cow, u&t
pasu.
Milch COW, UtTffi) U<3r,
pal pasu.
Cow with calf, &&STU U&,
sinei pasu.
Heifer, ®t_/r//?,
kidari.
Calf, ****,,
kandu.
Buffalo, crfTjjOT^o,
erumei.
Buffalo calf, er^GKL&s eGwjpt,
erumei kandu*
Bam, ^CJBs SI—IT,
attu kada.
Ewe, «$®,
adu.
Lamb, «^tl®« ©iltf ,
attu kutti.
He-goat, Qay«yr«rr/rtl®<s <SL-/T,
vellattu kada.
She-goat, Oaysfrerr/r®,
veil adu.
Kid, Q6usneiTfnL(B!& ©tltf ,
vellattu kuttL
Boar, ^^ £j«r/s9,
an pandi.
Sow, Qugwr uearfl,
pen pandi.
Young Pig, UCTT^ o«ltf ,
pandi kutti.
BIRDS.
6D
Dog, isirtu,
nay.
Bitch, • GLJL!«DL_ fsrriu,
pettei nay.
Pup, Girtus @ *-!<•£,
nay kutti.
Cat, 4£&BT>
punei.
Kitten, ©tltf,
kutti.
Hare, (*/>-?«*>,
musal.
Habbit, @i$ (Lpfsv,
kuli musal.
WILD ANIMALS, sirtL®L8@s/Ei&&rt
Kattu miruhangal
Elephant, luir&ar,
yanei.
Cheeta, usQ,
puli.
Wolf, eprsiriu,
onay.
Jackal, /sift,
nari.
Bear, «^tf,
karadi.
Wild Pig, aiTLLQu umfl,
katcu pandi.-
Sanibar, u> stiff,
marei.
Spotted Deer, Ljsrr&ft Loiresr,
pulli man.
Monkey, (5^-®©,
kurangu.
Black Monkey, UHB&,
manthi.
Porcupine? (jt/jsrcyrio usisr/Q,
mull am pandi.
Mongoose, @if)u LS/gyrSsrr,
kiri pillei.
Bandycoot, QuQ&ffirefR,
perutchali.
Rat, OT«$,
eli.
Musk Eat, QptgjQffieQ,
mQnjeli.
Mouse, srem Q^_^,
sundeli.
Squirrel, jysra^eo,
anil.
BIRDS.
rr, @(n)sSls6rr9 Patchihal, Kuruvihal.
DOMESTIC FOWL, <&LL®uuLL@s&r, Yittu patchihal,
&c.
Turkey, ew/r^r Gairtfl, van koli.
70
Goose,
Duck,
Guinea Fowl,
Cock,
Hen.
Chicken,
Pigeon,
WILD BIRDS,
Wild Duck.
Snipe,
Sparrow,
Swallow,
Crow,
Kite,
Jungle Fowl,
Pea Fowl,
Parrot,
Mina,
Dove,
VOCABULARY
QuQ/sgirffir,
utiSet,
Qefi,
perum tara, kus
vattu.
vattu.
kinni koli.
seval, saval.
pettei koli.
koli kunju.
pura.
Kattu patchihal.
kulattu vattu.
ullan.
adeikkalan.
taheivillan.
kakkei.
parunthu.
kattu koli.
mayil,
kili.
naganavay.
kattu pura.
CONVEYANCES.
Horse Bandy,
Carriage,
Palanquin C a r -
riage,
Waggon,
Dog Cart,
QL-ITS
Bullock Cart,
Hackery,
Lo/rzJL®
Vahanangal.
kuthirei vandi.
socli karafctei.
pallakku varidi,
vekkan.
dokkarattei.
irandu rothei varidi.
mattu vandi.
ottei mattu
WAGGON.
WAGGON (Ameri-
can)
Front seat,
Back do.
Flap,
Cushion,
Side,
Rail,
Box,
Foot board,
Splash board,
Wing,
Step,
Tent,
Standard,
Standard iron,
Blind,
Blind strap,
Knob,
Hook,
Ring,
Buckle,
Reins bar,
Reins holder,
Apron,
Apron strap,
Whip rest,
Lamp iron,
Front iron,
Circle,
Cross tree,
(year
Qsira®,
Vegan.
rnun iruppidam.
pin iruppidam.
tongal chllei.
mettei.
pakkam.
rel kambi, pakkattu
kambi.
pakkis petti,
mithi palahei.
rnun seru tangi.
mun tirappu,
jStriEiS, Qffdsns, seru tangi, rekkei.
padi.
mel katti, mel tappu.
mel katti, kal.
mel katti thangi.
mareippu.
mareippu var.
kumil matti.
kokki.
valeiyam.
pakkils, varputtu.
rens tangi.
rens pidi.
malei tangi.
malei tangi var.
savukkurei.
vilakku pidi.
vandi mun tangi.
sakkaram.
sakkaram tangi.
sakkarafetin atchu.
GUITIT
eutrir
VOCABULARY.
Linch bolt,
Crank iron,
Trace Jiook,
Shaft,
vulg.
sakkarattu atchani.
allu, pattirumbu.
Breeching holder, @sQfEJBir<siv u>tnLi$.
Catch,
Spring,
Crawl iron,
Grasshopper springg)
Block,
Bracket,
Axle,
Wheel,
Nave,
Nave ring,
Bush,
Cap,
Spoke,
Felloe,
Tier,
CART,
Frame,
Side,
Front,
Back,
Pole,
Pole rest,
Yoke,
Yoke pin,
Yoke rope,
tires maiti.
arir-ssirev, GUIT/B&UILJ, erkkal, ponkambu.
U3&1J),
sikkinthiras matd.
erkkal pakkils matti.
villu.
vil pidi.
irattei vil.
kattei.
vil kattei irukki.
atchu.
rothei, urulei, sil.
kudam.
kuda pun.
kudattu ul pun.
atchu kuppi, koppu,
areikal.
alahu.
ilsro^., Girir urulei pattei, rothei
pattei, pattam.
Vandi, karattei.
sattam.
pakkam,
mun pakkam.
pin pakkam.
erkal.
muttu kal.
nubattadi, nokkal.
kadei kutchu, kadei
put tang kayiru.
HARNESS.
73
Seat,
Axle,
Axle tree,
Linch bolt,
Linch pin
Linch pin ring,
Wheel,
Top,
Stretchers,
Supports,
Mat,
Drag, (to check Q&(reir<g$t
speed),
Do. (to rest),
Grease, CBLD
Grease-horn,
Driver's basket,
utrtut
iruppidam.
atchu.
atchu maram, teppa
kattei.
atchani.
kadeiyani.
valeiyam,
sakkaram, sillu.
kundu, kudu,
kfindu pirambu.
kundu kutchu.
', pay, tennang klfc^u,
tennang kiduhu.
kollu.
valla.
mei, koluppu.
mei kudu,
vandi pefti.
HARNESS.
, Kuthirei uduppu.
DRIVING HAR-
NESS,
Head stall,
Head piece,
Forehead strap,
Cheek do.
Blinker,
Blinker strap,
Nose band,
Bit,
uq,
eu/r/,
euirir,
euro-,
Vandi kuthirei udup-
pu.
muha patta.
talei var.
netti var.
kaluttu var.
muha patta.
muha patta var.
mukku var.
kadivalam, lahan.
'lO
VOCABULARY.
QuGveist eh
Curb,
Rein,
Bearing rein,
Bearing loop,
Open collar,
Shut do.
Hames do.
Hames strap,
Hames head strap^^efu
Hames tug,
Trace,
Saddle,
Saddle tree,
Saddle wing,
Saddle turret,
Bearing rein
Crupper,
Back band,
Belly do.
Shaft tug,
Breeching,
Breeching strap, @a9/i>@
Breeching holder,
seru kadi, kadivala.
changili.
r, Gffevreh, kadivala var, rens.
berens.
berens valeiyam.
tirantha kallar.
puttu kallar.
ems kallar.
ems var.
ems mel var.
ems pakkils.
tiresu.
sini, senam.
sini kattei.
sini rekkei.
sanguttiruhi.
berens matti.
tumbitchu var.
muthuhu var.
tangu.
,erkkal, pukkils var.
sikkiu thiras.
sikkin thiras var.
v*
sikkin thiras matti.
eulrir,
BIDING HARNESS, sr
Saddle,
Stirrup,
Do. strap,
Bridle,
Snaffle,
Martingale,
Bridle rein,
ea>ff
, ifl&SITU,
er kuthirei uduppu.
senam, sini.
angapadi, rikkap.
rikkap var.
muha patta.
sinna lahan.
sinna kadivalam.
matting kallar.
r, cu/rey, kadivala var, vavu,
BUILDINGS.
Girth,
Girth strap,
Knee cap,
Spur,
Shoe,
Kug,
Waterbit,
Halter,
Picket peg,
Picketrope(front),
Do. do. (
Gram bag,
Bucket,
Brush,
Curry comb,
Comb,
a/ir/f
(Lpsrr,
sntr,
tangu.
tangu var.
puts.
kuthi mul.
laclam.
sul.
tanmr lahan.
payudar kayiru.
mulei.
kaluttu katti.
atchadi kayiru.
topra.
vali
purus.
kara.
sippu.
Fortress,
Citadel,
Palace,
Mansion,
Hall,
Church,
Mosque,
Temple,
Devil temple,
College,
School,
Houso,
Hut;
BUILDINGS.
Kattidangal.
kottei.
ueireft eu/r^sb,
aran.
aran manei.
malihei.
salei.
D, kovil, tevalayam,
palli vasal.
D, kovil, tevalayam.
pey kovil.
kalvi chalei.
palli kudam.
vidu.
kudisei.
VOCABULARY.
BUILDING MATERIALS.
Kattumanafctukkuria
talavadangal.
Stone, set, kal.
Rough stone, V-<T$GII& set, urulei kal.
Cut stone, QeuLLQs sett vettu kal.
Lime stone, ffi&siresr set, sukkan kal.
Laterite, cabook, &<$& set, turu kal.
Lime, sressr^un, churmambu.
Sand, uoessret, marial.
Brick, Q&m&et, sengal.
Arch brick, suiren- Gens set, kaman sengal.
Pillar do. grew Offset, tun sengal.
Paving brick, petr£ Qf inset, tala chengal.
Square do. f&fff Offset, sathura chengal.
Mud, (offgv, Beru.
Mud brick, ufenfQeuL-®* Of is patchei vettu chen-
«*, gal.
White-wash lime, Qaiehfarf ^war^^L^, vellei chunriambu.
Cement, ®^/F^, simanthu.
N*
Timber, u>nu>, maram.
Margosa, (?a/^L/, vembu.
Tulip tree, ^ysunsr, puvarasu.
Almilla, jqetLSecev, almilla.
Dool, &re*, tul.
v
Ora, gj>/r, ora.
Keena, @«ar, kina.
Hoolanhick, $_etssr %$&, ulan hik.
Davatta, ^a/zlL., * tavatta.
y+
Peembia, i3t^i^ujfr> pimbiya.
Kubuk, ^Hsr kubuha.
Kaduberia, «® Gurfiuj. kadu peria.
Jackwood, uetir U^ITLD, pala rnaram.
Wild do. M@i®ftu UGW, asini pala.
MAN.
Mango,
LD IT LD IT LJD * ma maram.
Iron wood,
(zp^6»^ muthurei.
Sandal wood,
&iSj5emu>iru), santhana maram.
Cocoanut,
Q^ewevr u>nu)9 tenna maram.
Palmyra,
u$sor t&jrii, panei maram.
Kittool.
Qp^pffb iLiiL£)t kifetul maram.
Arecanut,
&0ps LDtru), kamuha maram.
Dhoom,
^/ro'Ly, tambu.
Bamboo,
g£B©«v), mungil.
Teak,
Gps& LDiru>, tekka maram.
Ebony,
GQ^sireSI u>ffu)t karungali maram.
Chambaca,
Of emus u>ffu>, chenpaha maram.
Jambo,
&LDLJ rstTeu&j sambu naval.
Jungle tamarind,
>*
s6Q@tuu>u&rir} kalasiyam pala, kal
affituLjefl, pull.
Vattadumba,
c/Lli-^iiu/r, vatta tumba.
Milla,
iSfftiffv, milla.
Bomby,
GuirtiiS, p5mbi.
Koombiya,
($u)t3ujir} kumbiya.
MAN.
u>G$-563r, Manithan.
MAN,
LDofipesr, LDepGp.&r, manithan, manu-
shan.
Woman,
u>gas$, QusiOT-L9errSsrr, manushi, penpillei.
Old man,
Qipeuevr, kilavan.
Old woman,
QpeSI, kilavi.
Young man,
cw/r^Sucsr, valiban.
Young woman,
euireQuu Qua*, valiba pen.
Boy,
cnuuj&ir, peiyan.
Girl,
Qjpi QLJCOTT, siru pen.
Male child,
^eyar LSefrSsrr, an pillei.
Female child,
Quern LSskfar, pen pillei.
78
VOCABULARY.
Male infant,
Female infant, Quessr
Infant-in-arms,
Sucking child,
Elder (man),
Elder (woman),
Younger (man)
Younger (woman),
Adult man,
Do. women,
Child (boy),
Do. (girl))
Tall man,
Short do.
Stout do.
Thin do.
Ouifiuj
Quifiiu
an kulanthei.
pen kulanthei.
kei kulanthei.
pal kulanthei.
muttavan.
mufct aval.
ileiyavan.
ileiyaval.
periya al.
periya pen pillei,
periya al.
sitta], podiyan.
sittal, siru pillei.
nettei al.
kuttei al.
pushdiyulla al, pa-
ruttaal.
olliyal.
Great grandfather.
Do. grandmother.
Grandfather,
Grandmother,
Grandson,
Granddaughter,
Father,
Mother,
Son,
Daughter,
Elder paternal
uncle.
RELATIONSHIP.
<2/>ao/z?, Uravu murei.
pufctan.
putti.
pattan, peran.
patti.
peran.
petti.
tahappan, appan.
tay, amma.
mahan.
mahal.
periy appan.
Guff ear,
LD&6YT,
RELATI ONSHIP.
79
Younger paternal
uncle,
Elder paternal
aunt,
Younger paternal
aunt,
Elder maternal
uncle,
Younger maternal
uncle,
Elder maternal
aunt,
Younger maternal
aunt,
Nephew,
Niece,
Brother,
Sister,
Elder brother,
Younger brother,
Elder sister,
Younger sister,
Elder sister's hus
husband,
Younger sister's
husband,
Elder brother's
wife,
Younger brother's
wife,
Husband,
Wife,
First wife,
Second do.
Elder do.
QuiRiu
&>&<$
V(LI
u($u>3esr,
#G&irptR,
sittappan.
periya ayi.
sinnayi.
mufcta amman.
ileiya amman.
mutta afctei.
ileiya attei.
maru mahan.
maru mahal.
sahotharan.
sahothari.
annan.
tambi.
akkal.
tangatchi.
matchan, afctan.
Qs/r^^cjr^matchinan, kolun
than.
mathini, anni.
kolunthi.
purushan.
penchathi, maneivi.
muthal taram.
irandam taram.
mutia kudiyal.
80
VOCABULARY,
j ©if OJ/TOTT,
Younger wife,
Joint do.
Father-in-law,
Mother-in-law,
Son-in-law,
Daughter-in-law,
Husband's elder
brother,
Husband's elder
sister,
Husband's y
brother,
Husband's younger /s/r^^gp/f,
sister,
Wife's elder bro- u>£&iTeor9
ther,
Wife's elder sister,
Wife's younger
brother,
Wife's younger
sister,
Wife's sister's bus-
band,
Wife's brother's ^satire*, P/EJ&&&,
wife,
Husband's sister's
husband,
Husband's brother's
wife,
Brother's son (to
brother),
Brother's son (to
sister),
Brother's daughter
(to brother),
ileiya kudiyal.
sakkalatti.
maman.
mami.
maru mahnn.
maru inahal.
afctan.
nafctina.
kolunthan.
nafctiuar, sambanthi.
matchan, afctan.
mathani.
meittunan.
meittuni.
sahalan.
akkal, tangatchi.
aTinan, tambi
akkal, tangatchi.
mahan.
maru mahan.
inaha).
DOMESTIC CONDITION.
81
Brother's daughter u>(g
(to sister),
Sister's Sou (to bro-
ther),
Sister's son (to sis
ter),
Sister's daughter
(to brother),
Sister's daughter u>aeir,
(to sister,)
maru mahal.
maru ma^an.
maru mahal.
mal^al.
DOMESTIC CONDITION.
, Illara nileimei.
Married man,
Do. woman, eu
Unmarried man,
Do. woman,
Widower,
Widow,
Orphan,
samusarakkaran.
uLLL.eu<>irt valkkei pattaval.
ondikkaran.
kanni, kumari.
taram ilanthavan,
keimpen.
tr pettar illatha pillei.
Friendless child, jt/sir<£L3err2sir,
Parents, Qujb(2(yir,
Children,
anatha pijlei.
pettor.
pilleihal.
MARRIAGE,
Bridegroom,
Bride,
Wedding day.
Wedding room,
Wedding tie,
Wedding cloth.
Kaliyanam.
mapillei.
pen.
muhurtta nal.
manavarei.
tali, mangiliyam.
^ew^tnuhurttachelei, kii-
rei.
11
82
VOCABULARY.
Saffron water, Lo^f&r i§ /f, manjal mr.
Bestman, ^/ru^errSsrr^ C?^/ripsOT-,mapillei tolan.
Bridesmaid, Quern (Spirtf!, pen toli.
Bridegroom's rela- Lo/ruLitarr&yr e^il^/r/r mapillei
tions, ffs/r,
Bride's relations, Quorar £^tli_/r/f^6rr, pen
Body,
Head,
Hair,
Crown,
Ear,
Forehead,
Brow,
Eyebrow,
Eye,
Eye ball,
Eyelid,
Eyelash,
Nose,
Nostril,
Lip,
Mouth,
Tooth,
Gum,
Tongue,
Palate,
Throat,
Cheek,
Dhi»,
MEMBERS OF THE BODY.
Sarira avayavangal.
sariram, tegam.
talei.
mayir.
utcham talei.
%•
kathu.
netti.
puruvam.
puruva mayir.
kan.
kan vili.
kannimeL
LLuSir, kannimei mayir,
mukku.
mukku tuvaram.
uthadu.
C//TOJ, vay.
u«v>, pal.
FFJP, iru.
/sirs®, nakku.
annam.
tondei.
kannam.
mo vay, nadi.
MEMBERS OF THE BODY.
83
Neck, &(]££&)
kaluMu.
Nape, i3t—rft,
pidari.
Back, G^g*©,
muthuhu.
Backbone, QP&® erg&tiLf,
muthuhu elumbu.
Shoulder, G^irerr,
tol.
Arm, t-fuju),
puyam.
Right arm, euffbgi LJIULD,
valathu puyam.
Left arm, ®L-^i LJUJLD,
idathu puyam.
Armpitj <&&gUD9 &QAS3n,(B)
kakkam,kamukkudu.
Elbow, Qpipisa ens.
mulang kei.
Wrist, LAGH&&&LL®,
mani kattu.
Pulse, yF/rtf,
nadi.
Hand, e»5r,
kei.
Back of hand, Lfp/a soar,
purang kei.
Palm Oi hand. SLsyrcrrffiJ &D3>.
ullang kei.
Knuckles, e5/^eo Gio/r^,
viral moli.
Finger, «ff^c<>,
viral.
Thumb, Gu(5 eS0-«v>,
peru viral.
Nail, /F«SJLD,
naham.
Chest, G/F(g5^,
nenju.
Breast, LDITITI-J,
marpu,
Female breast, QP%V,
mulei.
Stomach, euuSjp, ^emffumu
, vayiru, ireipei.
Waist, «^«D^,
arei.
Hip, , g)®^H>
iduppu.
Belly, euiu&t,
vayiru.
Seat, @)($uLSi—Lb,
iruppidam.
Thigh, Qj$rre«n—,
todei.
Knee, G^^^ sir^»
mulang kal.
Calf, «^J® fSenf,
adu tasei.
Ankle, sggas «/rev>,
kanu kal.
Anklebone, «@Bf,
kanu. '
Foot, U/TaFLo, jy/o
patham, adi.
84-
VOCABULARY.
Instep,
Sole,
Toe,
Great toe,
Skin,
Flesh,
Vein,
Artery,
Blood,
Muscle,
Bone,
Joint,
Rib,
Brain,
Lungs,
Heart,
Liver,
Bowels,
Bile,
Sight,
Hearing,
Feeling,
Taste,
Smell,
MEAT,
Beef,
Mutton,
Pork,
£> eft/rev,
OutfilLI ffg
pnrang kal.
ullang kal.
kal viral,
kal peru viral,
tol.
sathei, mamsam.
ira&a narambu.
, periyairattanarambu.
irattam.
tasei narambu.
elumbu.
kartu, kuleitchu.
vila elumbu.
mii lei.
iral kulei.
irutbayam.
kal Ural.
kudal.
pifctam.
FIVE SENSES.
n, Eimporihal.
Q&eveSl,
parvei.
kelvi.
ilru.
rusi.
niopparrr
ARTICLES OF FOOD.
u p irir $ prats sir, Poscna patharttangal,
Ireitchi.
mattireitchi.
attireitchi.
pandi ireitchi.
usvr
FISir, FOWL, CEREALS.
85
FISH, i£(xr,
Min.
Fresh fish, U&GOF tSsar,
patchei mm.
Seer fish, &eoir i£«Jr,
sila mm.
Ghee fish, Qtstu £<&,
ney mm..
Sole, tsirsfaj tEeisr,
nakku mm.
Dry fish, a^eutr®,
karuvadu.
IVIaldive fish, LO/T^,
masL
Shrimp, &.<sdl $<*?&>,
kuniral.
Prawn, £D(2^,
iral.
Lobster ^siSlffirs^^
singiral.
Crab, ,si_6\> is ess®,
kadal nandu.
FOWL, uiL& e/oo*,
Patchi vahei.
Turkey, eurrar QgirL$,
van koli.
Goose, QUQJJG pfrfffT)
^.«ru perun tara, kusvattu.
Duck, fiy/r^^r, ^irniry
vattu, tara.
Fowl, Q sir if,
koli.
Chicken, QSITL^S @©^,
koli kunju.
Wild duck, liff/s f&irffir,
nlr tara.
Teal, 8?8,
sirahi.
Snipe QmffLLi—ffevr,
kortan.
CEREALS, fireduj evens,
Taniya va£iei.
Rice, Qiseo, jfif)&,
nel, arisi.
Boiled rice, Gfirjy,
Boru.
Pearl barley, uirirsS «#//?$,
barli arisi.
Sago, &Gueutfl&>,
savvarisi.
Kurakan, raggy, @^<s5««Br, Qsu*
e»u, kurakkan,, keppei.
Maize. Co^/rGyr/i, u>&&n
•f C?^/rsolam, makka chd-
etTLD,
lam.
86
PULSES,
Gram,
Bengal gram,
Green gram,
Thasel bean,
FLOUR, &c.,
Wheat flour,
Corn do."
Tapioca,
Arrowroot,
BREAD, &c.,
White bread,
Brown do.
Toast,
Cake,
Biscuit,
Hopper,
Puttu,
Idiappam,
Sinakki,
Tothal,
Slvaria,
BUTTER, &c.,
Ghee,
Sugar,
Jam,
Jelly,
Honey,
Milk,
Cream,
VOCABULARY.
UILJJ0I6UGD3,
LJILJJP)
LDSgffi Q&ITGtT tLIT
QeuestffQtsmiu
UlT&Dy
Payaru vaheL
kaii am.
kadalei.
pasi pay am.
ulunthu.
Ma vahei.
kothumei ma.
makka chola ma.
kan pilavar.
elilei kilangu ma.,
kuva ma.
Rotti vahei.
vellei rotti.
karuppu rotti.
vattu rotti.
kekku.
visukofctii.
appam.
pittu.
irliappam.
sinakki.
tothal.
siveria.
Yermey muthaliya-
vei.
ney.
sini, sakkarei.
jam.
jelli.
ten.
pal.
paladei.
VEGETABLES, CURRY STUFF.
87
VEGETABLES, @&>tr Q^m^ &&>& Kirei kilangu vahei-
sstr,
utujv
&inu
Potato,
Yam,
Cabbage,
Nolkol,
Bean,
Pea,
Carrot,
Cucumber,
Serpent cucumber,
Melon,
Ash-colored melon, &ITLDUG»
Pumpkin,
Brinjall,
Long brinjall,
Vendikay,
Drumstick,
Bottle gourd,
Furrowed do.
Smooth do.
Small fringed
gourd,
Avarei bean,
Do. do. Bmaller,Gujr(G££ff GITIU,
Small avarei bean,
Ash-coloured
tain,
s>ntiy
urulei kilangu.
yams kilangu,
kovis.
nokkol.
pins.
pattani payaru.
karattu kilangu.
vellari.
pudalang kay.
simei pusani kay.
sambal pusani kay-
peria pusani kay.
kattari kay.
valuthalang kay.
vendei kay.
murungei kay.
surei kay.
pirkkang kay. [kay,
i/ GiriLt, meiuhu pirkkang
kappiri ponji kay.
avarei kay.
ponji kay,
koli avarei.
ajrrGDLps&rruj, sambal valei kay.
sirtu,
srriu,
SITUJ,
CURRY STUFF,
Pepper,
Chilly,
Masalei,
/56«6V) iBetr(§, milahu,nallamilahu.
, 0«/r patcheimilakay,kot-
chi kay.
S3
Dry chilly,
Coriander.
Saffron,
Mustard,
Onion,
Garlic,
Fenugreek,
Dark margosa
leaves,
Tamarind,
Cocoanut,
Cumin,
Large cumin,
Black cumin,
Anise seed,
Cinnamon,
Cloves,
Cardamom,
JNutmeg,
Mace,
Lime,
FHUIT,
Mango,
Plantain,
Custard apple,
Jack,
Bread fruit,
Bullock's heart,
Pine apple,
VOCABULARY.
L/«P,
tfff&LC,
€7500),
LDI1U)
ffiru>&
LJLE>U>,
vattal kot-
chi kay.
kotta malli.
maujal.
kaduim.
vengayam.
ira ven gay am.
vellei vengayam.
venthayam.
karu veppilei.
puli
tengay.
Biraham.
perum chiraham.
karum chiraham.
sombu.
karuva putfei.
kirambu.
elam.
sathi kay.
sathi patjiri.
elumitchani palam.
tesik kay.
Pala vahei.
mam palam.
valei palam.
sifcta palam.
pala palam.
Ira pala kay.
rania chitta palam.
annasi palam.
ARTICLES OF CLOTHING.
SO
Orange,
Gruava,
D, pan! totf am palam,
naranju.
koyya.
Hat,
Cap,
Coat,
Over coat,
Rain coat,
Bug,
Jacket,
Waist coat,
Trousers,
Necktie,
Wrapper,
Collar,
Shirt,
Woollen shirt,
Banyan,
Drawers,
Stockings,
Socks,
Boots,
Shoes,
Shoe lace,
Slipper,
Glove,
Pocket,
Purse,
Native man's coat, f^Lem-.,
Native man's jacket,,
ARTICLES OF CLOTHING,
evens, TJduppu vahei.
toppi.
siru toppi.
kottu.
Qu><b
l®
uifiuj Gup
euirir
u/ru,y«9r,
, 8fftreusn))
uevsruaou.
mel kottu.
malei chattei.
kambalam.
arei kottu.
vasikattu.
kal chattei.
kaluttu katti.
kalufctu kuttei.
kallar.
kamisu.
kambili kamisu.
baniyan.
ul kal chattei.
periya mel chodu.
mel chodu, kal mesu.
nedum chappattu.
chappattu.
chappattuvar.
silippar, pappusu.
keiyurei, kilavs.
,seppu, sattei chakku.
panappei.
sattei.
arei chattei.
12
90
VOCABULARY.
Native man's
Native woman's do.
Comboy,
Handkerchief,
i
Turban,
Shoes,
Sandals,
Cholera,
Diarrhoea,
Dysentery,
Fever,
Intermittent fever,
\ Eemittent do.
Continual
High
Low
Bilious
Convulsions,
Indigestion,
Flatulency,
Gonorrhoea,
Syphilis,
Paralysis,
Leprosy,
Madness,
Grout,
Bloody flux,
Scurvy,
Itch, *
do.
do.
do.
do.
tetti.
chelei.
kambayam.
lenji, lenji kutteL
kei lenji.
taleippa,
jodu.
seruppu.
DISEASES.
Viyathihal.
visha pethi.
_t/>, vayittottam.
vayittu kalitchaL
vayittaleitchal.
kaytchal, juram.
kulirum kaytchalum
3iriu&&ffi>9 murei kaytchal.
vida kaytchal.
kadung kaytohal.
veppu.
pitta kaytchal.
sanni.
jl@ffeatru>t
&JIHLJU
semij'amei.
vayu porumal.
pura mehanir
kiranthi.
timir vatham.
kushda rokam.
peittiam.
vatha kal.
iratta kalitchaL
sori karappan.
sirangu.
VIRTUES AND VICES.
91
Cold,
Cough,
Sore eyes,
Worms.
Head-ache,
Belly-ache,
Tooth-ache,
Ear-ache,
Boil,
Wound,
eueQ,
Mind,
Spirit,
Soul,
Perception,
Memory,
Judgment,
Conscience,
Innocence,
Guilt,
Honesty,
Dishonesty,
Truth,
Falsehood,
Industry,
Idleness,
ffinuu>)
tadiman,jalatosham.
irumal.
karmovu.
kirumi, pulu.
talei novu.
vayittu vali.
pallu vali.
cathu vali.
pnrappadu,
kaUu.
kayam.
paru,
MIND AND ITS FACULTIES.
a, Manathum athin tattuvarigaluni.
manam.
avi.
attuma.
terintharithal.
nyabahani, yathu.
bufcit.
mana chatchi, mana
satchi.
finL
@<D>DI>
VIRTUES AND VICES.
Sarkunangalum,
turkunangalum.
kuttam illamei.
kuttam.
unmei, nermei.
tiruttutfcanam.
mey.
poy.
surusuruppu.
sombal.
QLDIU,
Quinu,
VOCABULARY.
Obedience,
Disobedience,
Patience,
Impatience,
Mercy,
Cruelty,
Forgiveness,
Revenge,
Kindness,
Unkindness,
Chastity,
Lewdness,
Contentment,
Envy,
Q U IT £V 6S>L£>,$
kilpadithal.
kil padiyamei.
porumei.
porumei taltchi.
irakkam.
kururam.
niannippu.
pali vanguthal.
tayavu, dayavu,
kadinam.
karpu.
turttam.
raanarammiam.
porainei.
TITLES OF RESPECT.
u)ifituir6s>,$L) Gun-gerr, Mariyatheiperhal.
Gentleman,
Lady,
Sir,
Madam,
g\u>u>ir,
turei.
tureisani.
jt»
eiya.
amma, ammal.
POLICE, COURT, AND OTHER TERMS.
/8iutruje3firff2sof68)uj<?(D<Pir.'5i&, Judicial.
SUPREME COURT, a-ufSiuis G&n®, Quifi supriang kodu, peria
ujQ&fr®, kodu.
Chief Justice, &ufliu/Ej G&ir® nit&tr supriang kodu raja
(or &fdeuiT€8r), (or mthavan),
(T/^eo/TLo i§ls>uSffirffiir, muthalam nithirasa.
Senior Puisne Jus- ^nemrt—irLD /£^tf9/r/r^/r,irar)dam nithi rasa.
tice,
—®, @)ff supriang kodu iran-
?af/rOTr, dam rasa.
POLICE,
Junior Justice,
Fiscal,
Advocate,
Proctor,
Jury,
Secretary,
Clerk,
Interpreter,
Plaintiff,
Complainant,
Deponent,
Defendant,
Accused,
Witness,
Prisoner,
Bench,
Dock,
Jail,
COURT, AFD OTHER TERMS. 93
•fiiflfftr&ir, mundam nithi rasa,
is G&n® (jpssr supriang k5du mun-
f, /5®a;/r,
eussr
<3
, vulg.
dam mthi rasa.
piscal turei.
jyu attuvakafctu, appu-
kattu.
perukkuth5r, veikel.
yurimar, panjayatiar
naduvar.
r, sakkirathar, sakra-
thar.
irayason.
kilark, gumasta.
tolanga pesugiravan.
tupasi, tolukku mu-
thaliar.
, valakkali, vathi.
a IT near, mureipattukaran.
Q&ir sattia kaduthasi ko-
dufctavan.
@, ethirali,pirathi vathi.
ethirali.
ULL kuttangsattapattavan,
satchikaran.
mariarkaran.
niyayasanam,nithia-
sanam.
marial kudu,
marial vidu.
94
Charge list,
Civil case,
Criminal case,
VOCABULARY.
L-ITULJ, mureipaUu dappu,
sarch list.
slvil valakku.
athaneifctei pattia
valakku.
Summons,
Subpoena,
Warrant,
Search Warrant,
Writ,
kiriminal valakku,
adipidi valakku.
sifctasi.
satchi sifctasi.
viranthu, varantliu.
G&, alei pidikka viran-
tbu.
sothanei viranthu.
, e/ sathanam, kattalei,
oppam.
Do. of Execution, «ren;S 3r uupfslffu), eskisupatjiram,
Qaj6$tutr,5&, veliattu.
Do. of Sequesta-^t-®««iv>iJu(ff^/7'a>, tadangal patjiram.
tion,
a, nadu katium patji-
Notice,
Libel,
Answer.
Eeplication,
Joinder,
Eejoinder,
l, vilarn-
baram, notis.
, todarchi kaduthasi.
, marumoli kaduthasi.
maruttaram, pirithi-
uttaram.
viyatchia kalappu.
viyatchia serpu.
Lcu/5<3Lc, vijatchia samban-
tham.
jp& Q&@ pirathi u&aratiukku
ethir uttaram.
POLICE, COURT, AND OTHER TERMS. 95
DISTRICT COURT, tf6iu^/<s(2*/r® (or distirik kodu (kottu.)
sillakodu.
r, distirik iiithivan.
sillakodu uithivan.
District Judge, Lz
eiiiTssr,
JUSTICE OF
Information or
dictment,
Attorney,
Power of
Notary,
pirassft
samatbaua nlthivan
kuttam sattu kadu
thasi.
L® si— ^/r^mureipattu kadu
thasi.
tararii.
tarani tattuvam.
vakkalafctu nama.
nofctaris,
POLICE COURT, ' Guir<$ew Gen®
Police Station,
Police Magistrate, Gui
polls kodu.
polls stanam.
polls tesan.
polls nithivan, polis
kottu nithivan.
Supt. of Police, Quir^eru
G
Inspector of Police, G
u-
Police Sergeant, G
Police Constable,
&irir&ssr,
#p6lia majastrat'u.
polis turei.
polis taleivan.
is inspekt.
tanathar.
polis sarjan.
polls sariendu.
konastappal.
kostappu.
96
VOCABULARY.
EEVENUE DEPARTMENT.
KATCHERY,
Govt. Agent,
Asst. do.
Writer,
Rattamahatmaya,
Korala,
Arachchi,
Vidhane,
Headman,
Peon,
Mali a harvest,
Yala do.
Wet cultivation,
Dry do.
Eent,
Tax,
Commutation tax,
Assessment tax,
Possession,
Do. in common,
Do. in division,
Cultivate for share,
Tenents,
Mortgage,
Q
tuff,
katchery.
esandu turei.
irandavathu esandu
turei.
Vi
uthavi esandu turei.
OT-, eluttu kariastan.
iligithan, sambira-
thi.
urtaleivan, retta-
mattia.
koral.
araychi.
vithanei.
taleimeikaran.
cSffi)fa)&£ff sevagan, villeikaran.
perum boham.
siru boham.
nan sey.
pun sey.
adei, kuttahei.
vari.
al vari, mattu vari.
vittu vari.
atchi.
', Q&nifitu pothu atchi, sorial
atchi.
pirividta atchi.
varattukku seyhei-
parmuthal.
varakuHiar.
edu, adeimanam.
NUMBERS.
Mortgage, where
produce is enjoy-
ed in lieu of in-
terest,
Executor,
Administrator,
Assign,
otti.
OTHER, TERMS.
irser
f{r--
e* sirtresr
Tiasathana tattu-
vakaran.
urimei tattuvakaran.
sattuthal karan.
Sixteenth,
Eighth,
Quarter,
Half,
Three-quarters,
One,
Two,
Three,
Four,
Five,
Six,
Seven,
Eight,
Nine,
Ten,
Eleven,
Twelve,
Thirteen,
Fourteen,
Fifteen,
NUMBERS.
0, Tlakkam.
LJS mahani.
^/ areikal.
a; kal.
«) arei.
^ mukkal.
VUlg. ^5OT
(y>ev&,
41*,
CTLL®
0)
tDff
onnu.
iraridu.
mundu, muriu.
nalu, nangu.
einthu, anju.
aru.
elu.
ettu.
onbathu.
pafctu.
pathinondu.
pannirandu.
pathinmundu.
pathinangu.
pathinemthu.
V.
13
VOCABULARY.
Sixteen,
Seventeen,
Eighteen,
Nineteen,
Twenty,
Twenty-one,
Thirty,
Forty,
Fifty,
Sixty,
Seventy,
Eighty,
Ninety,
Hundred,
Two hundred,
Three hundred,
Four hundred,
Five hundred,
Six hundred,
Seven hundred,
Eight hundred,
Nine hundred,
Thousand,
Ten thousand,
Huudr<
Million,
First,
Second,
Third,
pathinaru.
pathinelu.
pathinettu.
pafctonhathu.
irupathu.
irupattondu.
muppathu.
narpathu.
eimpathu.
arupathu.
67iD elupathu.
<£{& enpathu.
«s&<D tonnuru.
rrr num.
2-rrr iru nuru.
mun niiru.
na niiru.
W V* "
@rrr anyuru.
sknr aru nuru.
cr/rr elu niirui
• • v*
en nuru.
tolayiram.
d& ayiram.
D# pathinayiram.
ttrp lafccham.
pafctu latcham.
, Muthalaia, muthala-
vathu.
irandam, irandava-
thu.
, mundam, mundava-
thu.
Mile,
Yard,
Foot,
Inch,
Acre,
Chain,
Pole,
Link,
Bushel,
Kottu,
Sundu,
Parei,
.L.6V)
MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.
MEASURE OF LENGTH.
l, Niftal alavu.
N*
tDuSIso, kattei, mayil.
kejam, yaru.
adi.
angulam, inju.
D, vulg. iuir@,
LAND ME AS (IRE.
Nila alavu.
ekkar.
sangili.
kambu.
linku.
MEASURE OF CAPACITY.
, Muhafetal alavu.
pushal, busal,
kottu.
SUTidu.
parei.
WEIGHTS.
^eyrffl/, Edutlal alavu.
Ton, ^COTT, tari.
Hundred-weight, jy^/f, anthar.
Pound, (yppffo, rattal.
Ounce, gen-smew, OuriS.
MONEY.
O, Panam.
Pound,
Shilling,
Pence,
silin.
pensu.
100
Farthing,
/ (u/r/f^/E/, J V parthing.
Kupee,
\* tyuiriLii _, J rupay.
Anna,
>%S^^, LdpgMr&2>^ ana, panam.
Pie,
Gouffir, fffve®, peisaj salli.
Cent,
&£BiJDt sathain.
TIME.
•sj/rs^Lo, Kalam.
Year,
fla/^ffl^Lo, varusham.
Month,
tLirpLD) L&IT&U), matham, masam.
Week,
§iLpea>i,£>} GuttffLD, kilamei, varam.
Day,
iBST&r9 nal«
Hour,
LAemR) L£>GOBflG>/5ffi£t mani, mariineram.
Minute,
ifietffLL®, /§L5e^iz>, minittu, nimisham.
Second,
Q/siTLs.y nodi.
MONTH,*
t£irffu>t Masam.
January,
6»^, tei.
February,
ILIT®, masi.
March,
utEi@G$y panguni.
April,
ffi-sfisBir, sittirei.
May,
eroffly^ff^, veihasi.
June,
^oft, ani.
July,
^LJI, adi.
August,
^ojeoBfl, avani.
September,
L//rdL»/r% purattasi.
October,
eguu®, eippasi.
November,
sfrirpjUens, karfctihei.
December,
L&mrstJ)! markali.
* Note. — The Tamil months do not commence on the same day with the English
months, but are generally about twelve days
GSL&SIDLD,
DAYS OF THE WEEK,. &C. 101
DAYSOFTHEWEEK,sUp6a>i£.ssrr Kilameijial.
Sunday? @niS<bjpi& Qu^ss>u>, nyayittu kilamei,
nyayiru.
tingal kilamei.
sevvay kilamei.
puthan kilamei.
viyala kilamei, viya-
lam.
velli kilamei.
sani kilamei.
Monday,
Tuesday,
Wednesday,
Thursday,
Friday,
Saturday,
DIVISIONS OF DAY,*/reri?«i
Day, us&>,
^igH Qirir9
Morning,
@LPSBU>,
Nairn pirivuhal.
pahal.
ira.
i>, kalei, vidiyarkalam.
Early morning, jffffSx Q&ehQeiresr, athikalei, vellena.
Evening, LC/T^D, firujfE^fftij malei, sayantharam.
Midday, u>p@ujirGau>, matiiyanam.
Midnight, IE® ffirfgstB, nadu rattiri.
Matta nalkal.
iiidu, indeikku.
nettu.
naleikku, nalei.
muntha naj .
nalei kalittu.
>* * *-,
indu rattiri.
nettu rattiri.
nalei rattiri.
OTHER DAYS, u><bp /siruserr
To-day,
Yesterday,
To-morrow,
Day before yester-Gp/z^/r ^/r«rr,
day,
Day after to-mor-
row,
To-night,
Yester night, Qispva
To-morrow night, /s/r&rr
102
VOCABULARY.
Hot season,
Rainy season,
SITGVLD,
Southwest
soon,
mon-
N ortheast do.
February harvest
August do.
SEASONS.
rr, Kalangal.
QGIT&OL- &irsvu), koclei kalam.
maii kalam, malei-
kalam.
mun ma-ri kalam.
kar kalam.
pin mari kalam.
pisana kalam.
pirum poham.
siru poham.
Sunshine,
Cloud,
Cloudiness,
Sultriness,
Freshness,
Heat,
Cold,
Drought,
Wet,
Eain,
Drizzle,
Light rain,
Heavy do.
Continuous do.
Thunder,
WEATHER.
Ahaya gunam.
veyil.
ea>&
u>es)Lp
va-
meham.
mantharam.
pulukkam.
,kattattam, kulirtchi
5 sudu, kangei, vek-
kei.
kulir.
nip malei illamei,
ratchi.
malei.
malei.
tQttal.
lesana malei.
kanafcta malei.
vida malei,
malei.
idi, idi mulakkam.
adei
Lightning,
Mist,
Fog,
Rainbow,
Dew,
Frost,
Hail,
Wind,
Gentle wind,
Strong wind,
Storm of wind,
Whirlwind,
North wind,
East wind,
South wind,
West wind,
World,
Sea,
Land,
Continent,
Island?
Country,
Kingdom,
Province,
District,
City,
Town,
Village,
Hamlet,
EARTH, &c.
LSesrevrsV,
e/>®
eurrssr
ued,
6UIT6S3I—
103
minnal.
masi.
mudu pani.
vana vil.
pani.
kulirtchial nir urei-
thal.
kal rnalei.
kattu. "
ilang kattu.
perung kattu.
pusal kattu.
suravali.
vadei.
kil kattu.
tendal.
mel kattu.
•.<•*<£
EAUTH, &c.
(wfeSajoDaj, Pumi muthaliyavei.
ulaham.
kadal.
tarei.
kandam.
tivu.
«•
tesam.
ratchiyam.
nadu.
seharam, pahuthi.
KmBLD, rssiBy utlt- naharam,
GSSTUJ, pattanam,
ULlLf«jriz), esi/f, pattinam, Qr.
BBLIT, Q(yLou>, ur, kiramam.
GAjra; sittur.
/BIT®
104
VOCABULARY.
HEAVENLY BODIES.
Sun,
Moon,
Planet,
Star,
Comet,
Morning star,
Evening star,
Moonlight,
Christianity,
Protestantism,
QffSLD,
GjfTffi)
Qeusrrefi,
*r, Yana chothihal.
euriyan.
santhiran, nila.
kiraham.
natchattiram.
val velli.
vidi velli.
velli.
% nila velitcham, san-
thirihei.
Qeuofil&fU),
RELIGION.
r&sLD, Markkam.
LLfffT&U),
Mohamedanism,
Budhism,
Hindooism,
Idolatry,
Devil worship, Quih
Devil offering and
ceremony,
Cathirasan,
Muniandi,
Kali,
Priest,
Devil dancer,
Andy (religious
beggar),
Ljpgi u>irira&u>,
kiristu markkam.
prottesttantu mark.
kam.
roman markkam.
islam markkam.
bufctu markkam.
inthu markkam.
vikkiraha arathanei,
pey kumbiduthal.
pey kodei.
kathiresan.
muniyandi.
kali.
pusari.
peyadi,
andi, pandaram.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
105
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
The numbers placed after the verbs refer to the rules for the
formation of the tenses given in page 20.
Able, a.
About? pre.
About, pre.
Above, pre.
Absent, a.
Absent, v.
Abuse, s.
Abuse, v.
Accept, v.
Accident, .9.
Accommodation, s.
Accompany, v.
According, pre.
Account, s.
Accumulate, v.
Accuracy, s.
Accuse, v.
Accustomed, a.
Ache, s.
Acknowledge, v.
Acrid, a.
Act, «.
Active, a.
Acute, a.
Address, s,
def,
1,
8,
2. 68)^03 U/TS3T
tiraniyulla.
kurittu, sula.
erakkureiya.
mele.
illatha.
illei.
tushanam.
tittu esu.
ettukol.
vikkinam.
vasathi.
kudapo.
padi.
kaiiakku.
ser, knttu.
tittam.
kuttam chattu.
palahina.
vali, novu.
ottukol.
ureippana.
seykei, kiriyei.
sakkiratheiyana.
kilrmeiyana.
mel vilasam.
106
VOCABULARY.
Advance, 5.
Advance, v.
Affair, s.
Afoot, adv.
Afore, adv.
After, pre.
Again, adv.
Against, pre.
Age, 6.
Age, s.
Aged, a.
Agitation, s.
Agriculture, s.
Aid, s.
Alarm, s,
All, a.
Allow, v.
Almost, adv.
Alms, s.
Alone, adv.
Along, pre.
Aloud, adv.
Already, adv.
Also, adv.
Alter, v.
Alternately, adv.
Always, adv.
Amid, pre.
Amiss, adv.
Among, pre.
Amount, s.
An, art.
arrrfiiuu),
G(TSd /SGML-l
1$ SSI I-}, L$)6W<6B)?6fl,
^(T^LDLD,
Q -Sirens,
. atcharam,murpaimm
muntbi po.
kariyam.
kal nadeiyay.
munname.
pinbu, pinnale.
marupadiyum.
tirumpavum.
virotbamay.
vayathu.
kalam,
vayathu senda.
kalakkam.
vibasayam.
ottasei.
tiheippu.
ellam, ellarum.
idang kodu.
koDjang kureiya.
taruman.
taniye.
kuda, neduha.
sattamay.
munname.
um, kuda.
mattu,
mari mari.
eppoluthum.
naduve.
tappithamay.
ulle.
tohei.
oru.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
107
And, con. £-^>,
urn .
Anew, adv. LJ@&ITIU,
puthithay.
Angry, a. QstrufytoirsTr,
kobamulla.
Annual, a. a/^Q^T/E^/r.
varushanthara.
Another, a. ^swQ,^)^,
innoru.
Answer, 5. L^^QLCITI^,
maru moli.
Ant, S. GT^LALj,
erumbu.
Ant, (white), s. s&opujtrsor,
kareiyan.
Anticipate, v. emreyuiriT, 8
varavupar.
Any, a. .. luaQ^ir^^^sr,
yathoruvan.
Apart, adv. Qeu&jQsu&cu,
vevveray.
Appear, v. G.jirssrjy, 1
tondu.
Appetite, s. u*d,
pasi.
Appoint, v. ifituiB, 8
uiyanii.
Around, pre. &p{8, @^p,
sutti, sula.
Arrack, s. firniruju^,
sarayarn.
Arrive, v. GuiriLi&Qfirj 4
poytcher.
As, adv. QUIT sv>, utf, LJLjia.
HTSQ, pol, padi, padiyal
Ascend, v. qjpi, 1, «7(z^, 4
eru, elu.
Aside, ac?y. 9(5 u&£.?$so,
oru pakkattil.
Ask, v. (?«6yr, 3
kei;
Aslant, ctt?^. 9(5 firiuuufuj^
oru sayppay.
Asleep, atZv. iS^^simrujiruj.,
nifctireiyay.
Assemble, v. S^.LLL-/EJ^,®) 1
kuttang kudu.
Assent, s. Qenf,
isei.
Assist, v. sL&eSQ&tL, 5
Tathavi sey.
Asunder, adv. (jftnesiri—ttuj,
iranday.
At, pre. ®««, 0,
il, ku.
Attend, t?. ^LL_L/QU/T, 1 ^ay^
a^, 8 kildappo, kavani
Attention, *. seuesiL£>9
kavanam.
Authority, s. ^znnw,
athikaram.
Average, s. & HIT* (ft,
sarasari.
108
VOCABULAllY.
Avert, v.
/£#@, 1, aS?tfo^@, 1 nikku, vilakku.
Away, v.
&rnt efiril®, tfira, vittu.
B.
Back, adv.
tSearGssr. ^Qiiu, pinne, tirumba.
v»
Bag, s.
emu, piei .
Balance, s.
es)£iSl($uL{9 keiyiruppu.
Band, s.
<£u£_lL_ir>, kuttarn.
Bandage, s.
sil®, kattu.
Bar, s.
^CTOL-, tadei.
Be, v.
£D<3, 9 iru.
Bear, v.
pitmtQi 1 <a?^>, 9 tangu, surna.
Beat, v.
c»^, 8 adi.
Because, con.
uL$.iLUTffi>} padiyal.
Beckon, v.
&i3&6s>£ siTLi®, 1 samikkei kattu.
Become, v.
*j%3, 1 aku.
Before, pre.
Qpssr, (LDovrQegr, mun, munne.
Beg, v.
!.$!&£&& Q&err, 3 pitchei kel.
Begin, v.
&eu&&, I tuvakku.
Behind, pre.
LSe^-G'^r, LSp&itQsv, pinne, pirahale.
Bell, s.
LDGwft, mani.
Belong, v.
Gfir, 4- ser.
Below, adv.
@Gpt uesvfluj, kile, pai.iiya.
Bench, s.
6uirtEj(&)) uioVo&s, vangu, palahei.
Bend, v.
o/Ssrr, 4, 8 valei.
Besides, adu.
ji/tyGs us &££}&>, aruhe, pakkafctil.
Besides, adv.
^e$ir, tavira.
Betel, s.
Qeujbfl&v, vettilei.
Between, pre.
fitSGeij, mz.(cL-, naduve, fide.
Beyond, pre.
&UUIT0V, jfULfjDjffdffdj appal, appurattil
Bid, v.
eSISfa) Qsffrr, 3 vilei kel.
Big, a.
Ouiflujj u(nj^p, periya, parutta.
Bill s.
&.emLq.uj<s$> uu.Ly.} uridiyal, patti.
Bind, v.
fftl®, 1 kattu.
Bird; s,
@(5 afl, uiL&9 kuruvi, patchi.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
109
Birth, s.
Bite, v.
Bitter, a.
Black, a.
Blade, s.
Blame, 8.
Bleed, v.
Blind, a.
Block, s.
Blow, v.
Blue, a.
Bluntness, s.
Boil, v.
Bond, s.
Borrow, v.
Bottom, s.
Bow, s.
Bran, s.
Brand, v.
Brass, s.
Break, v.
Breath, s.
Breed, s.
Breeze, s.
Bribe, s.
Bright, a.
Bring, v.
Brink, s.
Broad, a.
Brooch, s.
Build, v.
Bundle, s.
Burn, v.
Burst, v.
LAQglEJSSti,
Qeirg, 8, jyefi, 4,
4,
<2o/r®, 2
,'s,
, 1,
*®,2,6T
Ofl/if, 8
4, 8,
pirappu.
kadi.
kasantha,kasappana.
karufcta, karuppana.
alahu, pidangu.
kuttam.
irattam vadi.
kurudana.
kattei.
uthu.
nilamana.
malungal.
kothi, avi, kaytchu;
kadan slttu. [gu.
iravtil, (kadan) vau-
kil pakkam, adi.
vil'.
tavidu,
sudu podu.
pi fitalei.
8 muri, udei.
suvasam, ruutchu.
sathi, varukkam.
kattu.
keikkuli.
pirahasamana.
konduva.
vilimbu, dram.
ahalamana.
marbusi.
kattu.
muttei, kattu.
4 sudu, eri; ve.
vedi.
110
VOCABULARY.
Burst, v.
&.6s>z_, 4, 8 uclei.
Bury, v.
Lyero^, 4, 8, <%i—&&Lc puthei, adakkam
uemejvU) 1 pan nu.
Bush, s.
Q^FLJJ., L/^/T, chedi, puthar.
Business, s.
jyjjji'ffl/ffo, aluval.
But, con.
^<g) jtfiJb, ,0 aB/r, analum, tavira.
Buy, v.
£u/r/E7(^, 1, G>6ii6VBr®9 1 vaugu, vendu.
By, pre.
^a), Qaj/rsror®, al, kondu.
C.
Cage, s.
*-©, kudu.
Call, v.
.SLULS®, 2, £/£&!£, 8 kuppidu, alei.
Camphor, s.
&wu^ffu>) karppuram.
Cancer, s.
L9girss)a/; pilavei.
Cane, s.
iStnii-l, pirambu.
Cannot, v.
s^.L—frga, def. erso/r^r, kiidathu, elathu.
Capital, s.
68)5(^^-60, keimuthal.
Card, s.
^^-1®, sir.tu.
Care, s.
«/fl,<F2br, karisanei.
Carry, v.
G-Lofs^Guir, \} Gisnessr sumanthu po kon-
©Cou/r, 1 du po.
Cartridge, s.
(e^iTLLL-tr, totta.
Case, s.
CoULlqi, e_6»^, «/Tf^iL/Lo,petti, urei, kariyam.
Cash, s.
«/r^, eeveQ, kasu, salli.
Cask, s.
i3uuiriu} pippa}%
Caste, s.
*ir&9 sathi.
Catalogue, 5.
firiSpir, sabitha.
Catch, v.
L^LJI, 8 pidi.
Caustic, s.
airtyssinrti, kadikaram.
Cave, s.
Q&tSl, @sro<£, ((Suir, l)kebi, kuhei.
Cease, v.
sptLj, 4, cp/^, 4, fttoxgi oy, oli, nindu po.
Centre, s.
/s®, Lt>,&$, nadu, mafcti.
Ceremony, s.
^/_/E7(^, sadangu.
Certain, a.
/S&fftuLAir&r, nitchayamana.
Chain, s.
&iE2@<o$, QfitTi—iT&@i) sangili, todartchi.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
Ill
Chalk, s.
@aoLo& &svsrgm>u)L{) shimei churmambu
Charge, v.
6$&u Q fired, vilei sol.
Charge, v.
<g)<h!Du) firfi&i, I kuttam chattu.
Check, v.
,5®, 8 tadu.
Cheerful, a.
•^(J^i/ro^Lo/rear, santhoshamana.
Chess, s.
Q<fir&£LLu.iT6vr, sokkattan.
Chew, v.
OUDSV)^, 6 mellu.
Chief, a.
iSffpiTevr, pirathana.
Chill, s.
©eifl/r, kulir.
Chink, s.
QeuLjiULj, vedippu.
Chip, a.
Piirinu, siray.
Choose, v.
Q^ifi.iQp®, 8 terinthedu.
Chop, v.
Oa/tl®, 1, r<5/tf, 8 vettu, tnri.
Cinder, 8,
^/P^o, taial.
Cipher, s.
euL-L-U), vattam.
Circle, s.
eSoZ^jSU), em-ii-il), viruttain, vattam.
Civility, s.
L&ifituireap, mariyathei.
Claw, s.
i5£u>} naham.
Clean, a.
•ffr^^SLoiresTj suttamana.
Clear, a.
G^erfi/F^, telintha.
Cleft, s.
iSsnuLj, pilappu.
Clever, a.
Q&il.Ly.ujiTe3rf kettiyana.
Climb, v.
©-,#/, 1 eru.
Cling, v.
upfluiSlLf., 8 pattipidi.
Clip, v.
appiR, 8 katiari.
Close, acZv. •
&IL-tT<5$tutTujt adarttiyay.
Close, v.
g/)®, ^(szoi— , 8 mudu, adei.
Clot, s.
«5/-tfL, katti.
Clothe, v.
a.®,^.^, uduttu.
Coarse, a,
(LpffL-iran, muradana.
Coin, s.
[EirsonuuD, nanayam.
Cold, a.
(&><s$ir&&tLirrGsr) kulirtchiyana.
Colour, s.
rSpu*, euiremu), niram, yarn am.
Come, v.
SUIT, 4 ya.
112
VOCABULARY.
Comfortable, a.
Common, <x. Quir^eurrevr,
Commotion, s.
Companion, s.
Compare, v. eppgnuuirir, 8,
Compartment, s. ^^p)
Complain, v. QpeinpuS®, 2
Condition, s.
Conduct, s.
Conduct, v. tBL-pgi, 1,
Confess, v. jjjS&Gs>s$®} 2
Confusion, s.
Congy, s.
Connection, s.
Connive, v.
Consign, v.
Constipation, s. Lt&>&&&(9j,
Consult, v. ^[Ss»ir&9 8
Contentment, s.
Contiguous, a.
Continually, adv.
Contract, s.
Contradict, v. u&i, 8
Correct, a.
Correct v. &($£&, 1,
Cost, s.
Cottage, 6-.
Cotton, s.
Could, v. <&L.®LD} def.
Count, V. eresNgvj,
Couple, s. Gen®.
Court, s. £/&du^0otbj
Cover, v. 50®, 1
Cowdung, s.
vasathiyana.
pothuvana.
kalakkam.
kuttali.
ofctupar.
arei.
mureiyidu.
nileimei.
nadakkei.
jjr} Inarlattu, tuneipo.
arikkeiyidu.
kulappam.
kanji.
sambantham.
\«
, 9 karisadeiyayiru.
oppukodu.
malatchikku.
alosi.
manarammiyam.
adutta.
adikkadi.
poruttam.
maru.
, 1 tittamana.
tirufctu, tittamayiru.
kireiyani.
kudisei.
pauju.
kudum.
emiu.
sodu.
nlthistalam.
mudu.
sani eru.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
113
Cripple, s.
fuurressft, sappani.
Crooked, a.
GsfressreviTesr, konalana.
Crowd, s.
feerssn.LLi—iJDf sanakuttam.
Cry, v.
fppLDGuir®, 2, «$y(T£, 5 sattampodu, alu.
Cultivate, v.
uujifl®, 2 payiridu.
Cunning, a.
p fB$ UIL IT ear, tantiramana.
Cup, s.
uir^jslffu), pafcjiram.
Cure, v.
G-suuGlpgi, suhappadufctu.
Current, s.
QLLi—u), otfcam.
Curse, v.
eiS, 8 sabi.
Custom, s.
ei/i£&&LD) valakkam.
Cut, v.
^yj2/, 8, QeuLL®, 1 aru, vettu.
D.
Daily, adv.
/F/TofrC^/r^yLo, nal torum.
Damage, s.
G&&U), setham.
Damp, s.
FFjru>9 iram.
Date, s.
GfP, tethi.
Deaf, a.
QffeSi—irar, sevidana.
Dear, a.
cSl&viLfeirefr) vileiyulla.
Dear, a.
tSltfiujQpsrrGrr, piriy annul la.
Debt, s.
at-**, kadan.
Decay, v.
Lof&luGuir, I matchipo.
Deceit, s.
eij(gj&2sor, vanjanei.
Decide, v.
fiir, 8, jUrLQireS, 8 tir, tlrmani.
Decrease, v.
(genp, 4, 8, (9)<ss)pf5£i kurei, kureinthupo
QUIT, 1
Deduct, v.
e$, 8 kali.
Deep, a.
^LpuirGsr, alamana.
Defraud, v.
«^u6B/ft, 8 abahari.
Delay, v.
piru>$, 8 tamathi.
Deliver, v.
GpuLjsS, 8, fftLQ, 8 oppuvi, ratchi.
Demon, s,
Quiu> L8fir&, pey; pisasu.
VOCABULARY.
Dense, a.
jqL-iT(5p} adarntha;
Deny, v.
Lojpi, 8 maru.
Depart, v.
(outriuGSI®, 2 poyvidu,
Descend, v.
$)ptEJ(<9j, 1 irangu.
Desire, v.
eS^ui-i, 1 virumbu.
Detain, v.
$&>£,&, 1 niruttu.
Devour, v.
uti&, 8, 6$<7£fi7(35, 1 patchi, vilungu.
Dibble, v.
Qeaeru}. £$00^, 1 kindi vitliei.
Die, v.
fir, 1, Q&p&uGuir, 1 sa, settupo.
Diet, s.
uffiiLiLD, pattiyam.
Difference, s.
eSpfdtuirfw, vittiyasam.
Dig, v.
Gpirem®, 1 tondu.
Digest, v.
QffdSI) 8 semi.
Dike, s.
sirear, kan.
Diligently, adv.
&r£)i Grgnuuinu, surusuruppay.
Dimness, s.
iLia&Gd, mangal.
Dip, v.
Q&tiiu 4, 8 ^o~y.
Direct, v.
iBL-pgit 1, eui$Q<ffT6*j 1 nadafctu, vali sol.-
Dirt, s.
J»-(y>*©i alukku*
Disgust, s.
QeuQULj, veruppu.
Dismiss, v.
^errgrffeS?®, 2 tallividu.
Displease, v.
eff^saruu®^^, I visanapaduttu.
Disregard, v.
^y^LleaoL- Q&iut 5 asattei sey.
Dissolve, v.
&mffis-& QUIT, 1 kareinthu pb".
Distance, s.-
&frffu>, Qpa'BsOy turam, tolei.
Distemper, s.
Gfsirujy noy.
Distinctly, adv.
Qpejfleuiriu, telivay.
Distress, s.
cStujir(9>ffvLi) ^ssruu), vij7ahulam, tunbana*
Distribute, v.
u/EfS®, 2 pangidu.
Distrust, s.
^6ui5L£,tSI&<o&8} avanambikkei.
Divide, v.
LJ,®^®, 2, t5rf?, 8 pangidu, piri.
Double? adv.
§) n L-o&L—uj n iLi } ira'teryay.
Doubt, s.
&i5Gp&LD, santheham.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
115
Down, adv.
Drain, v.
Draw, r.
Drive, v.
Drop, v.
Drop, s.
Drunk, a.
Dry, a.
Dull, a.
Dumb, a.
Dung, s.
Durable, a.
During, pre.
Dust, s.
Duty, s.
Dwell, v.
Each, a.
Earn, v.
Easy, a.
Eat, v.
Edge, 5.
Educate, v.
Egg, s.
Either, a.
Elsewhere, adv.
Employment, 8.
Empty, a.
Enclose, v.
End, s.
Enemy, s.
Engage, v.
Engine, s.
•/if, 4, 8
, 2
trg,
srrerr,
, 9
E.
kile, pariiya.
vadi.
ilu!
ottu.
kile vidu.
tuli.
-**
verifcta.
kayntha.
malungalana.
umeiyana.
eru.
uruthiyulla.
poluthu, il.
tusi.
kadamei.
kudiyiru.
ovvoru.
sambathi.
lesana.
sappidu.
oram, kur.
padippi, pothi.
muttei.
avathu.
verengeyavathu.
aluval, velei.
vernmeiyana.
adei, veliyadei.
mudivu, kadeisi.
virothi.
veleikku amarfc^u.
Buttirarn,
11G
VOCABULARY.
Enough, s. Quirjau],
pothum.
Enter, v. iSnGeu®, 8
piravesi.
Enter, v. u@t 4
pathi.
Entirely, advf QppflgXLb,
muttilum.
ci i
J&qual, c(. tfLDiresTLDfrw
samanamana.
Equivalent, s. /=F®,
idu.
Erelong, adv. &a@ &<&$&,
slkkirattil.
Erect, c&. /$u9/f/s^,
nimirnthu.
Err, v. peujpt, tSl68>Lp Off
iLtj 5 tavaru, pilei sey.
Error? s. iSise>Lp)
pilei.
Escape, v. puiSuGuir, 1
tappipo.
Estimate, v. LD@, 8
mathi.
Estimate, s. ^^uq,
mathippu.
Evaporate, v. ^eStiutiQiuQguiLj,
aviyayelumbu.
Even, con. &-m «SLL_,
un kuda.
Even, CL. ff-LD^esfj
samanana.
Event, s. f/Ejs^t
sangathi.
Every, cc. ^ei/Qay/r^,
ovvoru.
Evidence, s. &ITLL®,
satchi.
Evident, a. Qpefiajiregr,
telivana.
Evil, a. Q&LL.L-,
kefcta.
Exact, ct. ^t-lt-Lo/rCTr,
tittamana.
Example, s. Lcirffiifi,
mathiri.
Excavate, v. @aDi_, 4
kudei.
Except, pre. peSir, GP$UJ,
tavira, oliya.
Excite, v. «5reS(siS/®, 2
evi vidu.
Exclude, v. i&Q eS®, 2
nlkki vidu.
Excuse, S. Gurrs®, fir&(Bj,
pokku, sakku.
Expect, v. ^LDL/, 1
nambu.
Expense, s. Q^eoey,
selavu.
Experience, s. «syuL9aj/r«?^,
appiyasam.
Experiment, s. u/flLlat^,
paritchei.
Expert, a. ffnu^w^^ujQ^^iKi
JIT, samarfctiyamulla.
Extend, v. <snL®, 1
ettu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
117
Extend, v.
/ft!®, 1 nittu.
External, a.
L//r>iiu/r«ar, purambana.
F.
Fact, s.
Qi&iu, &IEJ&J&, niey, sangathi.
Fade, v.
euirLf-uQuir, 1 [@, 1 vadipo.
Fail, v.
GfiriT/EgjQuir, 1, iSI^ sornthupo, pisahu.
Fall, v.
e£(2£, ^ vilu.
False, a.
Quiriuujir&r, poyyana.
Family, s.
(gO^Lj^o, kudumbam.
Fan, s.
fiww^, visiri.
Fast, a.
eSss)ffeuiT6sr3 vireivana.
Fasten, v.
££<-!©, 1 pufctu.
Fat, 8.
0«/T(T^UL/, koluppU.
Fat, a.
L/€9^pL«y«r«r, pushdiyulla.
Fatigue, s.
@SsrrtJL/, ileippu.
Fault, «.
(aj^r/DLo, kuttam.
Favour, s.
^ojey, tayavu.
Fear, s.
^UJLO, payam.
Feast, s.
^CHJFi virunthu.
Feather, s.
®P&> irahu.
Fee, s.
^^, pisu.
Feed, v.
^car, 7 (?^tt>, 4 tin, mey.
Feel, v.
s.gay/f, 4 unar.
Ferrule, s.
^6w»-, pun.
Fetch, v.
QuiriLidQsiTemQeiiir, 4 poykoiidu va.
Field, s.
fiwtL'ev, eS/Ssrr, vayal, vilei.
Fight, v.
ffsesr&oi— QffiLt, 5 sandei sey.
Figure, s.
fiu^KSj/, ^)0065«/2), vadivu, ilakkam.
Fill, v.
$nuL\t 1, /8ffu>Lj I nirappu, nirambu.
Filthy, a.
s@L<£QDt&ujn'£3r) Q tteiyana.
Find, y.
««»ar® L5Lf., 8 kandu pidi.
Fine, s.
Q^&nrL-u)) ten dam.
Fine; a.
QtAffOeSuj, melliya.
118
VOCABULARY.
Fine, a. Quifliu,
periya.
Finish, v. Qpty* 8
mudi.
Fire, s. @, QGQULJ,
ti, neruppu.
Fire, v. *©, 2
sudu.
Firm, a. dvfiffLDiresr,
stiramana.
Fist, s, (^o^a,iji,
mushti.
Fit. c&. GS rhp.
etta.
Fit, v. QutTQKjp, 1
porunthu.
Flag, s. QstTLj.,
kodi.
Flat, Ct. j$ LL0S) L-lLJfT GST 9
tatteiyaua.
FlOCk, S. LD/56S>r$,
manthei.
Flood, S. QaisveiTLc,
vellam.
Flow, v, g&®, 1
odu.
Fly, s.
i.
Fly, v. tj^, 9
para.
Fold, v. tot?., 8
madi.
Fold, s. u>ijy.uL{9
madippu.
Follow, v. LSl^r Qff&, 6
pin sel.
Food, s. ^/r/Ju/r®, £.6zorsy,
sappadu, uriavu.
Fool, S. LDSSiU. IU6ST,
madeiyan.
For, co?l. ^^, uL$.iuir<sv}
aha, padiyal.
Force, 5, uevajiz^ii,
balavantham.
Forget, v. ^/D, 9
mara.
Forgive, v. LDssrctfl, 8
roanni.
Forth, acfo.' Oe^^Qiu,
veliye.
Forward, a<ii'. (ipesrQesr,
munne.
Fresh, ct. LJ£S!UJ u^cap,
puthiya, patchei.
Friend, s. &3iB®p&srt
sinehitham.
Frog, s. ^Q/Ssw,
tavalei.
From, ^9?'^. ®05^^,
irunthu.
Fuel, s. *®P(§,
virahu.
Full, a. iSen/D/sp,
nireintha.
Furnace, g. 2.^, QSTO^,
ulei, kuhei.
Further, adv, ®«>r«w^
innam.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
119
G.
Gain, s. ^pa-tut*,
athayam.
Gait, 8. /*>«*><_,
nadei.
Gang, s. <sE/r/E7@,
kangu.
Gap, s. G^/r«53r®,
tondu.
Gape, o. Q<s/r<_Lt_fl-fiM®, 2
kottaviyidu.
Garden, tf. Gj^/nJLt—Lo,
tottam.
Gather, i>. <SLLI®, 1, (?<<F/f; 8
kuttu, ser.
General, a. Qutr&euirev,
pothuvana.
Gentl Qy tt. .y/rjpau/rcar,
sathuvana.
Germ, s. <2/>3srr,
mulei.
Give, i/. Qtf/r®, 8
kodu.
Glad, a. •F/E^^/rep.^/rcw,
santhoshamanai
Gnaw, v. jy^», 8, jy/fl, 4
ara, ari.
Go, v. Cou/r, 1
po.
God, 5. G^eueor, <5-a//rt$,
tevan, suvami.
Gold, s. Gu/rdr,
pon.
Good, a. /sstieVj
nalla.
Goods, 8. fffLDtresr, &ff&(&),
eaman, sarakku.
Grace, s. @@ss>u,
kirubei.
Gradually, adv. UL$.U UL^IUITUJ,
padi padiyay.
Grain, s, <strei$uJLD^
taniyam.
Gram, s. &tr&!sru>,
kanam.
Grand, a. i Quifiiu,
periya.
Grant, v. Q<s/r®, 8
kodu.
Grasp, v. up flu L2i^.) 8
patti pidi
Gratis, adv. gftedeu&LAiruj,
ilavasamay.
Grave, 8. iSQffps @^,
piretha kuli.
Gray, a. . RQtoiun&Ksir,
nareiyulla.
Graze, v. QLLUJ, 4
mey.
Grease, s. Qsir^uL^,
koluppu.
Great, a. Qurfiuj,
periya.
Green, a. u&en&iuiTzgr,
patcheiyana.
Grind, v. jysw^r, 8
arei.
120
VOCABULARY.
Grindstone, s. <F/r£wr,
sanei.
Ground, s. filsvu),, pes>irt
nilam, tarei.
Grow,"v. fi/cw/f, 4
valar.
Guard, v. sr, 8
ka.'
Guide, t>, e/£$ fi/ri-L®, 1
vali kattu.
Guilt, S. gj/D/DLD,
kuttam.
Gum, s.' i-S^sw-,
pisin.
Gun, s. Qeuuf-f G>j£ir&(&i9
vedi tokku.
Gunpowder, s. Qeut-p. L£(nj/5grr
vedi marunthu.
H.
Habit, S. Ulp&&LD) e/i£<f5<55a>,
palakkam,valakkam»
Hack, v. ^jeysfL^L^ 8; a? £tt 3 (<9y , 1
tundi narukku.
Hang, v. (neui.) O^/r®@, 1
tongu.
Hang, v. (aci.) ^ar«(5, 1
tukku.
Happen, v. C/s/fl®, 2, Btl, 1
neridu, nada.
Happy, a. uir&QuJLtrrGir,
pakkiyamana.
Hard, C«. au^evrLniresr,
kadinamana.
Harm, s. fse^t—ti, G&®,
nashdarn, kedu.
Haste, s. &ifipu>,
turitham.
Have, v. ®<5, 9, e.«r, 1
iru, ul.
He, p?'0. .gya/ear,
avan.
Heal, v. &auu<B)eg!, 1
suhapaduttu.
Health, 5. *<su>.
suham.
Heap, s. (SjeSujffv,
kuviyal.
Hear, i-. (?<ffsyr, 3
kel.
Heat, s. e-ffij^i—gzawLo,
ushdanam,
Heaven, 5, unGrtirsu*, aiireoru),
paraloham, vanam.
Heavy, ct. U/T^^/TCTT,
baramana.
Height, s. n-tuBLD,
uyaram.
Hell, s. &ffGu>,
naraham.
Help, S. epp-gireiDf) &.£>£$,
ottasei, uthavi.
Hemp, s. ffessrffi), ffL-LDLfi
sanal sadambu.
Hence, adv. ^©C^a9(25/j^s7,
inge irunthu,
OTHEIt USEFUL WORDS.
121
Henceforth, adv.
Herb, s.
Herd, s.
Here, adv.
Hereabout, adv.
Hereafter, adv.
Hereby, adv.
Hew, v.
Hide, v.
High, a.
Hold, v.
Hollow, a.
Home, s.
Honest, a.
Horn, s.
Hot, a.
How, adv.
Hunger, s.
Hurt, v.
Husk, s.
LC/Tll®
LDGnjD, 8 .
S-tUffLDirssr,
t%, 8, Qs/r^, 2
US,
ithu mutual,
pundu, kirei.
mattu manthei.
inge.
ingganam.
inimel.
ithinal.
vetti podu.
inarei.
uyaramana,
pidi, ko|.
uerr&mcirssr, kulalana, pajlamana.
Vidu.
nermeiyulja.
kombu.
sudan a, karamana.
eppadi.
pasi.
novupaduttu, setha-
padufctu.
umi, kathambei.
1
I,
I, pro.
Idleness, s.
If, con.
Ill, a.
Imitate, v.
Imperfect, a.
Improper, a.
Improve, v.
Impudent, a,
In, pre.
Guir0i>&
j, 5
nan.
sombal.
al, anal.
viyathiyulla.
pol chey.
kureivana.
tahatha.
X*
sirthirunthu,
tudukkana.
il, ul.
16
122
VOCABULARY.
Inattention, s.
Incessant, «,
Incorrect, ct.
Increase, v.
Indebted, a.
Indecent, a.
Index, 61,
Infusion, s.
Inhabit, v.
Innumerable, a.
Inquire, v.
Insane, «.
Insect, s.
Insensible, a.
Insert, s.
Instead, adv.
Instruct, v.
Instrument, .9.
Insubordinate, a.
Insufficient, a.
Insult, s.
Intention, s.
Invite, v.
Inward, adv.
Iron, s.
Irrigate, v.
&6usvr£.£iri£&&J
, 8,
5, 9
>/&.
eSftrffl 8, Qsstr, 3
Qsrmmii,
Havana talohi.
oyatha.
pileiyulla.
athihari, peruhu,
kadanpatta.
ketta.
attavaiiei.
kashayam, kudinlr.
kudiyiru.
ermirantha.
yisari, kel.
payittiyamulla.
puchi.
unarchi illatha.
idei3'ile ser.
bathilaha.
, 8, UL$ uiS) 8 pothi, padippL
ayutham, karuvi.
kilpadiyatha.
pothatha.
avamanam, ninthei.
nokkam.
virunthukkalei,
ullana.
irumbu.
paychu.
Gear, 8
Jail, s.
Jar, s.
Jewel, s.
Join, v.
Joint, s.
Joy, s.
8,
marly al.
jadi.
nahei, aparanam,
V*
inei, poruttu.
poruttu.
kalippu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
123
Judge, .Q.
£ji$u<£, £$ SUIT ear, mthipatlri, mtbav
Justice, ,«?.
jifi, Sojinuu), nlthi, niyayam.
K.
Keep, v.
air, 8, 6»a/, 8 ka, vei.
Kernel, .9.
u0uL/, paruppu.
Kick, v.
&.&)<£, 8 uthei.
Kill, v.
Q$fT$so QffiLt, 5 kolei sey.
Qsrresrjpi Quir(S} 2 kondupodu.
Kiln, s.
(gjSsrr, Sillei.
Kindness, ,9.
ptuey, uLLffil), tayavu, patcliam.
Kindle, v.
{JEULjjbpc&eu, S tT patta vei.
Kindle, v.
cr/0, 8 evi.
King, s.
fjyirirfir, irasa.
Kingdom, s.
$)C(i ffiduju), irachiyani.
Knob, s.
©L^ip, kumil.
Knock, v.
^L!®, 1 tattu.
Knot, s.
QpLp.ff&, mudichu.
Know, v.
^/z9, 4 ari.
Knowledge, s.
^y^ay, arivu.
L,
Labour, s.
(Ja/Siu, iSffiuirfLc, velei, pirayasam.
Lade, v.
^'STT(g5 allu.
Lake, s.
er^, eri.
Lameness, s.
QP<-u>f mudam.
Language, s.
u/r«DQ£., pasbei.
Lantern, s,
60/5^/r, lanthar.
Lap, s.
LoLji, madi.
Lap, v.
/5^@, 1 nakku.
Lard, ,9.
ustrfls Qsn-QguLf, pandi koluppu.
Large, a.
Quifiiu, uqspp, periya, parufcta.
Lasb, s.
ffeysg) euirir, savukku var.
Last, s.
&sa>c-8ujirevrt&9 kadeisiyanathu,
Last, v.
i8fa>, 8 nilei.
VOCABULARY,
Late, a.
t$[/»£?«r, pinthina.
Late, adv.
L$/£^, pinthi.
Laugh, v.
$/fl, 8; /5sa>#, 8 giri, naheL
Law, s.
^ilL-Lo, sattam.
Lay, v.
GQSU , V61.
Lead, s.
FFUJL&I [jfi> 1 lyam.
Lead, v.
(Lp/sfiuQuir, 1, /?L_^ munthippo nadattUr
Leak, s.
sp^^^, olukku.
Leanness, s.
©Loe^iay, melivu.
Leap, t».
LJ/TUJ, 4, @^, 8 pay, kuthi.
Learn, v.
ut^s., 8 padi.
Leave, v.
e$ LL® u(3 u IT } 1 vittu po.
Leech, s.
^L!«J)L_, attei.
Left, «.
®t—&, idathu.
Leisure, s.
ffireusrrffu), savakasam.
Lend, ?;.
®/ffeu&> GSR®, 8 iraval kodu.
Length, s.
&6rru)9 nllam.
Leprosy, s.
^a^»t_(?^"/r«J)J kushda rdkam.
Lest, c<m.
i./if.«igj, (with neg.) padikku.
Let, v.
G//ri_6»<5S(5 sS®, 2 vadaheikku vidu.
Let, v.
«S®, vidu.
Letter, s.
sirSipLD, &®j3ir@, kahitham,kaduthasi
Lick, v.
/5«@, 1 nakku.
Lie, v.
u®, 8 padu.
Lie, 1;.
Ouinu Q<?/rev), 1 poy sol.
Life, s.
a-oS/r, uyir.
Lift, v.
^r«@; 1, OT®a 8 tukku, edu.
Light, «.
Qffdffrrsvr, lesana.
Light, s.
Qeueiri&&u)i $effi, velitcham, oli.
Like, «.
Gutitf), <$?£, pol, ofcta.
Limit, s.
CT^)^, O«®, ellei, kedu.
Line, s.
/§6®ff euifl, auSjp, nirei, vari, kayiru.
Linger, v.
piTLzp, 8 tamathi.
List, s.
ernS^r. sabitha.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
125
Listen, v.
Little, a.
Live, v.
Live, a.
Lizard, s.
Load, s.
Lock, v.
Locust, s.
Log, s.
Long, a.
Look, r.
Loop, s.
Loose, v.
Loose, a.
Lop, v.
Lose, v.
Lotus, 5.
Low, a.
Lower, v.
Lump, s.
Machine, s,
Mad; a.
Maim, v.
Make, v.
Male, a.
Manner, s.
Manure, s.
Many, a.
Mark, s.
Mark, v.
Market, s.
Mass, s.
U/T/TLD,
u/r/r, 8
ujireisr
uttu kel.
sinna siru.
, 8, L9asup,8 slvi, vasi, pilei.
uyirulla.
palli.
bararn, sumei.
puttu.
vettu kili.
kattei.
nllamana.
X*
par.
kuleichu.
avil.
avilntha, talarttiya-
na.
tari.
ilanthu vidu.
tamarei.
talntha.
irakki vidu.
katti.
M.
, evens,
u<s\)}
Bufctiram.
payifctiyam korida.
unapaduttu.
paniiu.
an.
vitham, vahei.
uram.
pala, aneha.
kuri, adeiyalam.
adeiyalam podu.
santhei.
kumukku,
126
VOCABULARY.
Master, s.
Mat, s.
Matter, s.
Mature, v.
Maturity, s.
May, v.
Meal, s.
Mean, v.
Meanness, s.
Meaning, s.
Measure, s.
Measure, v.
Medicine, s.
Meet, v.
Meeting, s.
Melt, v.
Member, s.
Memory, ,9.
Mend, v.
Mention, v.
Merchandise, s.
Merchant, s.
Mercy, s.
Mercury, s.
Metal, s.
Method, s.
Midst, 5.
Midway, adv.
Mildness, s.
Mill, s.
Mine, s.
Mineral, s.
Mingle, r.
U1TUJ
Lorr,
SQLCUJU),
esaman.
pay.
porul, sangathL
palu.
pakkuvam.
am.
ma.
karuthu.
nisam, pisunam.
karutlu, aruttam.
alavu.
ala.
moruntbtu
w
santhi.
kOttam.
karei, uruhu.
avayavam.
nyabagam, yathu.
paluthu par.
sol.
viyabaram, sarakku.
viyabari.
irakkam.
irasam.
loham.
olungu, vithara.
®a, nadu, meiyam.
S pathivali, ideivaliyil.
santham.
J, enthiram, enthira
S* V*
salei, mo lei-
surangam.
nirasa vastu.
ser.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
127
Minute, a.
jpLLuu>iTffjr9 nudpanmna.
Mire, s.
#8$, sahathi.
Mirror, s.
<saOTT(CW)/-^, kamiadi.
Mischief, s.
<2<s®, jis&LD, kedu, timei.
Misery, s.
rSpuftptj, nirpantham.
Misfortune, s.
^snt-u^gi, ideiyuru.
Miss, v.
L9<9=@, 1 pisahu.
Mistake, s.
guiSpuo, tappitham.
Mistress, s.
er&LDtrLLLf., esainatti.
Mix, v.
«so, 9 kala.
Model, s.
Lt>ir$ifl, mathiri.
Modesty, s.
/sir oar ti, &IL-&&M, nf^riam, adakkam.
Moisture, s.
FFJLD, iram.
Money, s.
LJtMiru), pariam.
Moorman, s.
Q&irsor&ssr, sonahau.
Morality, s.
ffesrLciriT&su), sanmarkkam.
More, a.
*@S9 ®ttTGXL£, athiha, innam.
Mortgage, s.
typfl, otti.
Mosque, s.
Ljerreffiauir&sv, pallivasal.
Moss, s.
uuS)t pasi.
Moth, 6'.
&*®t puchi.
Motion, s.
cSysro^Q/, aseiviL
Mould, s.
#(£, karu.
Mould, s.
LfrQp.evvLD, pushanam.
Mount, v.
orjv, 1 eru.
Mourn, v.
£j£&L£>Qsirt:y8TL-iT(fj), I tukkam korida/Iu.
Move, v.
jys3)^, 4, 8, «§®, 1 asei, adu.
Mow, v.
<s!)&iu£at 8 visiyaru.
Much, s.
^ijtffLD, iBgfi, athiham, mihuthi.
Mud, s.
Gff^u, ff&fd, seru, sahathi.
Multiply, v.
Qu^stS), \} jqjsl&f), 8 perukku, athihari.
Mumps, s.
vgLss>LD&8LL®, umeikkatiu,
Murmur, <'.
OLD/TJJ/QLO/TJI', 8 morumoru.
Music, s.
esiSffLb) sangltham.
128
VOCABULARY.
Must, s.
Myself, pro.
Nakedness, s,
Name, s.
Narrowness, s.
Native, s.
Nature, s.
Nearness, s.
Nearly, adv.
Necessity, s.
Need, s.
Needle, s.
Neglect, s.
Neigh, v.
Neighbour, 5.
Net, s.
Never, adv.
Newness, s.
News, s:
Next, a.
Nibble, v.
Niceness, s.
Nip, v.
No, adv.
Nod, v.
Noise, s.
Nonsense, s.
Noose, s.
Nor, con.
Not, adv.
Notch, .s.
Note, s.
Note, v.
N
QUIT,
, 8
, 4,
, 8
eo) a/ 8
vemlum.
nane, nanthan.
niruvanatn,
.per.
idukkam.
suthesi.
iyalbu.
samibam.
konjangkureiya.
avasiyam.
ievei.
Osi.
kavaleiylnam.
kanei.
ayalan.
valei.
orukalum illei.
nu than am.
seythi.
adutta.
ari.
rusi, nefcti, nudpam.
killu/
illei.
talei aseifctalei.
safetara, ireichal.
buttiymam.
surukku.
avathu.
illei, alia.
vettu.
kiirippu.
kurifcturei.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
129
Nothing, s.
Notice, s.
Notice, v.
Notion, s.
Nourish, v.
Now, adv.
Nowadays, adv.
Noway, adv.
Nowhere, adv.
Numbness, s,
Number, s.
Number, v.
Nut, ,9.
Obedience, s.
Object, s.
Object, v.
Objection, s.
Obstacle, s.
Obstinacy, s.
Obstruction, s.
Obtain, v.
Occasion,*^
Odour, s.
Of, pre.
Off, adv.
Offend, v.
Office, s.
Often, adv,
Oil, s.
Old, a.
Omit, v.
On, pre,
On, adv.
, 8, urrir, 8,
0,
, 8,
., 4, fi«DL., 8
eurr&ckor,
tBtl.®
cmdum. illei.
vilambaram>.
kavani, par.
enriam.
paramari.
ippothu.
innadkalil.
evvitha&ilum iileL
oridattilum illei,
vireippu.
ilakkam.
«nnu.
kottei.
kilpadithaL
nokkarn.
tadu, adchebi.
adchebam, tadeL
%*
tadei.
murattattam.
adeippu.
adei, kidei.
velei, karanani.
vasanei, mariam.
udeiya, al, il.
tura.
>*
visanapaduttu.
uttiyoham.
adikadi.
onnei.
palaya.
vittu vidu,
niele.
munne.
17
ISO
VOCABULARY.
Once, aJi>.
Only, adv.
Only, a.
Open, v.
Oppress, v.
Order, s.
Order, v.
Orifice, s.
Ornament, .9.
Orphan, s.
Ought, v.
Out, adv.
Outward, a.
Oval, s.
Over, prc.
Over, adv.
Overcharge, v.
OverfloVv, v.
Overlook, v.
Overseer, s.
Overtake, v.
Owl, s.
Owe, v.
Own, a.
Own, v.
Owner, s.
Pace, s.
Pack, s.
Pack, f.
Package, s.
Packbullock, s.
, 9
), def.
Ljpiiuirear,
orutharam, oruvisei.
mattiram.
eha.
tira.
odukku.
varisei, olungu.
karpi.
tuvaram, vay.
alangarara.
illatha pillei.
vendum,
purambe.
purnmbaua.
mutf.ei vadivu.
mel.
mele, mitchamay.
athiha vilei podu.
karei puraridodu,
tathumbu.
paramal vidu.
', 8, GLDGV kangani, mel visari.
8
, 8 todarnthu pidi.
anthei.
6£/&> QUIT®, 2
1
', 2
, 0
t 9
P.
kadan pattiru.
sontha, sonthamana.
urittayiru.
udeiyavan.
nadei.
pothi.
adukku.
kattu.
pothi madu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
131
Pains, 5. iSlffujtrfu>,
pirayasani.
Paint, s. euirsarii,
varnam.
Paint, i'. c/ff6B0,8, euire^TL
o L^<5?, 1 varni, varnam pusu.
Pair, s. G&IT®,
sodu,
Pale, s. Sfftr^ssili-jj
kirathikambu.
Paleness, s. Ga/^uLy,
veluppu.
Pan, s. fLLup. urrSssr)
satti panel.
Pandal, s. u&^ev,
panthal.
Parcel, s. «tl®,
katfu.
Parch, v. eajgtt 8
varu.
Pardon, s. t^ms^ui^,
mannippu.
Pare, v. £cy, 1
S1VU.
Part, s. u/s?^, [<2
'U"", 1 pangu.
Part, v. uffiS®, 2, tS/fl/j
?^7 pangidu, pirinthupo.
Partiality, 5. uiuruLLeiD,
barapatcham.
Party, s. <^.Llt_Lo, ULL&£>
gtrir, kuttam, patchattrir.
Pass, v. st—fB&Guir, 1
kadanthup5.
Passenger, s. &'L£luQuir&£svry
valipokkan.
Pastry, s. LLiruuev&rt—u!
mapaiidam.
Pasture, s, Guiuffst,
meychal.
Pat, v. ^^1®, 1
tattu.
Pave, f. spuira/, 1
karpavu.
Paw, S. &iT6$t 0ns ,
kal, kei.
Pay, v. Qs/r®, 8
kodu.
Peace, s. ^LO/T^/TSWLO,
samathanarn.
Pearl, s. Qf>P&39
mufctu.
T) 1 VI • •
JL ebble, S. 3n.erririni <5sv?,
kulang kal.
Pick, v. Qsirpgi, 1
kottu.
Peculiar, d. e-iflt&<£rr<svr> GULP&&
da* uritjana, valakkam
Gtirp,
illatha.
Peel, v. a/0, 8
uri.
Peep, i>. 6TLLLp.uuirir, 1 C&L!
.i$u ettipar, ottipar.
u/r/f, 1
Pendant, a.
tongalana.
132
Perceive, v.
Perfection, s.
Perforate^.
Period, s.
Perish, v.
Perjury, s.
Perseverance, s,
Person, s.
Persuade, v.
Pervade, v.
Petition, s.
Phial, s,
Pick, v\
Pickle, s.
Piece, s.
Pierce* v.
Pile, s.
Pill, s.
Pinch, s.
Pipe, s.
Pistol, s.
Pit, s.
Pitch, s.
Pith, s.
Pity, s.
Place, s.
Place, v.
Plainness, s.
Plant, 5.
Plant, v.
Plaster, s.
Plaster, s.
Plaster, v.
\rOCABULA.RYJ
', 3, * A 4
8
)} 4,
yr, (Ju/f,
, 9
, I,
, 8, (?LJ/T®, 2
, 1,
; 1,
kanu, an.
pu rail am.
uruva toIeL
kalam.
, 4 ali, nasapaduttu,
poyyanei.
vida muyarchi.
al, per.
inakkapaduttu, [nu.
, 1 sammathikkapan-
paraviyiru.
vinnappam.
8 kuppi.
5 pidungu, terinthedn,
iiruhay.
tundu.
kuttu.
kuviyal.
mattirei.
killu.
pili, kulaL
kei vedi,
kuli, kidangiu
kii!
soru.
parithabam.
idam.
vei, podu.
telivu.
N.
8edi, pundu.
nattu, undu,
pattu, servei.
santhu, putchu;
pusu^tittu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
133
Plate, S. ^«®, fsemewu!,
tahadu, kirmam.
Platform, s. Gu>san-t
medei.
Play, v. eti3s(fuj!T®, 1
vileiyadu.
Plead, a. suips&rr®, 1, uiB/s^
9 valakkadu, parinthu
<?u*, 1
pesu.
Pleasantness, s. @*-aruJ>,
inbam.
Plenty, 6'. y^A /^ac/rey,
purfcti, nireivu,
Plough, S. rSStiUODU, SJ/f,
kalappei, er.
Plough, s. s_(T£, 5
ulu.
Pluck, v. L9®©(5, 1
pidungu.
Plumb, s. &?&(&,
tukku.
Pod, s. Q/5/r>.gy, ffmr®,
nettu, saridu.
Poetry, 5. Q<piLJtLjsir9
seyyul.
Point, s. J06B0,
nuni.
Point, v. 4pilif4«rtL0, 1
suttikattu.
PoiSOn, 5. IBfjtjGr, 6^ffl^,LO,
nanju, visham.
Portion, j». u®(g,
pangu.
Position, s. a^— "*>
iclam.
Positive, a. &-jp>lslujirGvr, ^KSSL
3/r uruthiyana, tirkka-
en,
mana.
Post, s. .^yrsOTr, «/r«i),
tan, kal.
Post, s. jSurrffi) saQprir,
tapal kanthor.
>* **
Post, v. jSuireQih QUIT®, 2
tapalil podu.
Postpone, v. ^suckisr QUIT®, 2
tavanei podu,
•si-^, 1
kadattu:
Pot, S. LJflcfafT, G>S{rU66)U
panei, koppei;
Potter, S. @<Fffl;6*r,
kusavan.
Pouch, s. firs®, Gnu,
sakku, pei.
Pound, s. &PjS*°i i-xsy&ir,
rattal, pavun.
Pound, v. <§&&, 1, a^j 8
kuttu, idi.
Pour, V. e;/r/r, 8
var.
Poverty, 5. prfl-gfiiru),
tarittiram.
Powder, s. QUIT if.,
podi.
Power, s. Qusvw, a/eveoao^
belan, valla mei,
134
VOCABULARY,
Pox, s.
Practise, s.
Practise, v.
Praise, s.
Praise, v.
Prayer, s.
Prefer, v.
Prepare, v.
Presence, s.
Present, a.
Present, v.
Present, s.
Preserve, v.
Press, v.
Pretend, v.
Pretext, s.
Prettiness, s.
Prevent, v.
Price, s.
Prick, i'.
Prickly, a.
Pride, s.
Priest, s.
Prince, s.
Princess, 6\
Principal, s.
Print, y,
Prior, a.
Proceed, v.
Proceeds, s.
^u \3mrrffiA
, 4
, 4
enev^if), veisuri.
appiyasam, payir-
chi.
1 appiyasam parnm,
seythuva.
puhalchi, tuthi.
puhalu.
sebam.
terinthukol.
ayafctapaduttu.
muhatha.
ajar.
Q5^®)8,spuL/«Q<s/r®J8 kodu, oppukoiu.
vehumanam, santlid-
sham.
kappattu.
, 1 amukku, nerukku.
uireulsor «/ril®, 1, uir pavanei kattu, pa-
sangu paniiu.
pokku, sakku.
alahu, netti.
taclii.
vilei,
kuttu, tei.
mull u 11 a,
perumei.
pusari.
irasa kumarau.
irasa kumarafcti.
muthal.
atchadi.
munthina.
v*
purapadu.
vittu muthal, varu-
eorLD. inanam-
, 1,
^©,8
, 1,
, 8
L/^ULJ®, 2
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
135
Process? s.
Proclaim, v.
Produce, v.
Produce, s.
Product, s.
Profanity, s.
Profession, s.
Promise, s.
Promise, v.
Pronounce, v.
Proof, s.
Prop, s.
Proper, a.
Property, s.
Proportion, s.
Prosper, v.
Prostitute, s.
Prostrate, adv.
Protect, v.
Protract, v.
Protrude, v.
Prove, v.
Proverb, s,
Provide, v.
Provoke, v.
Prune, v.
Public, a.
Publish, v.
Pull, v.
Pulley, s.
Pulp, s.
Pulp, v.
USVSVT
'» 8
', 8
Utttir,
SIT, S
GUlSl,
Gpirsi
UL£LD
vahei, murei.
kuri arivi.
palan kodu.
palan, vileichal.
palan.
avabatti.
uttiyoham.
vakkuttattam.
,o vakkuttattam sey,
utchari.
attatchi, rusu.
kal, muttu.
tahuthiyana.
udarnei, asti.
takka, alavu.
, 8, Q& sow sitti adei, selvava-
, 1 nahu.
vesi.
sashtangamay.
ka.
tamathapadufctu.
pithungu.
oppi, meyppi.
palamoli.
sambathi, ayatj,a-
paduttu.
kobam muttu.
kavattu soy.
pirasittamana.
arivi.
ilu.
kappi.
t5l, tasei.
pal am aroi.
9L/L9, 8, QuxLutSl, 8
, 8,
136
VOCABULARY.
Punctual, a.
Grsffu) geutyp, nerani tavaratha.
Pupil, s.
@6$*eort Lo/T(C3S)6&<£swrJ sishan, manakkan.
Purge, v.
QufsKcuir, 1 pethipo.
Push, v.
perrQsnj, 1 tallu.
Put, v.
ewair, 8, GLJ/T®, 2 vei, podu.
Putrid, a.
^(2g@uj, aluhiya.
a
Quack, v.
&£&, 1 katta.
Quality, s.
pe&enLo, (^essru>t tanmei, gunam.
Quantity, s.
jvewfiy, alavu.
Quarrel, s.
mif*(§tuffpu>t vakkuvatham,
ff6sorcnL-, sandei.
Quarter, s.
ff/reb, siTffdeuir®, kal, kalvasi.
Queen, s.
Qfffffffpfi, irasatti.
Quick, a.
@&&ffiLire8r, sikkiramana.
Quickly, adv.
(p&Qau), &£ud&rrtLt, slkkiram, surukkay
Quietness, s.
jyszDz^^, ameithi.
Quill, 8.
®p>(9)i irahu.
Quite, adv.
Opp/flgiu), muttiium.
R.
Race, s.
@SOLO, g^cli-Lo, kulam, otfcain.
Rag> s.
a(568>py kanthei.
Raise, v.
^r«@, 1, cr®, 8 tukku, edu.
Rake, s.
euir if) 9 vari.
Ram, v.
Q&LLL$.pgiu Quit®, 2 kettittu podu.
Rank, s.
eutflenff, jy/F^gfu^r, varisei, anthastu.
Rap, v:
piL®, 1 tattu.
Rapid, a.
cSlevirajiresr, vireivana.
Rarity, s.
jy(5«D^, jyLfrirGULri, arumei, apurvam,
Rasp, 3.
jy/ru), aram.
Rasp, v.
jy^/r®/, 1 aravu.
Rate, s.
<s^^u>, vitham.
Rather, adv.
^jj/j g)jfifLo; sattu, iluni.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
137
Raw. a.
Ljffeaffujtretr, patcheiyaua.
Razor, s.
fsuff&s^tis), savarakatti.
Reach, v.
&L-®, I ef,lu.
Read, v.
euir&9 8 vasi.
Readiness, s.
<g,-ua;gLD, ayattam.
Real, a.
&.sr*rr, Q u> iij ILJ IT sa , ulla-, meyyaua.
Reap, ?;.
Jf^11, 8, jfifi, 4 aru, ari.
Rear, v.
eusirir, 8 valar.
Rear, i1.
/SaS/f^^, 1 iiimirttu.
N*
Reason, s.
fu^s^, t-jp.&t yutti, butti.
Reason, 8.
Q^atsffft»3 niuhanthiram.
Rebuke, y.
a oar if , 8 kaildi
Recede, v.
L$SVT eu/TOT^, 1 pin vangu.
Receipt, s.
u P&I&& LL®} nQgi, pattuchlttu, raslthu;
Receive, v.
67/r«5J/650<55/r?yr, 2 ettukol.
Reckon, v.
oT6ffsrsj£}} 1 ennu.
Relieve, v.
tfirdj, 4 say.
Recognize, v.
j»(/z9, 4 ari.
Recover, v.
.frSLJu®, 2 suhapadu.
Recover, v.
^Qf,ubu jijSSiL — , 4 [^,1 tirumba adei.
Rectify, v.
0tfluu(B.3tg!) 1, ^(5^ saripafluttu, tiruttu.
Red, a.
Bajuuircffr, sivappana.
Reduce, v.
@ss)^D) 8 kurei.
Reed, s.
Giremrsv, naual.
Reform, v.
Lj&uiS, 8, £V68>c_, 4 puthuppi, siradei.
Refresh, v.
QtaiLjuffjbjp) 1 ileippattu.
Refuse, v.
^SYT^, 1 tallu.
Register, s.
i—iruL], dappu.
Regret, s.
LAssreivjSiruu), inanastabam.
Regular, a.
^(^)S7<55/T€w, olungaua.
Reject, v.
f«srr(e^, 1 tallu.
Relate, v.
Q&irsosy, 1, £$u/fl, 1 sollu, vibari.
Relax, v.
{jysrr^, 1 ilahll.
Release, v.
G&QcSj 8 viduvi.
.IS
13S
VOCABULARY,
Relieve, v.
Relish, v.
Reluctant, a.
Remain, v.
Remainder, s.
Remains, s.
Remedy, s.
Remember, ?;.
Remove, v.
Renew, v.
Rent,'*.
Rent, v.
Repair, v.
Repent, v.
Report, v.
Repress, v.
Require, v.
Resign, v.
Resin, s.
Resolve, v.
Respect, v.
Respiration, s.
Rest, s.
Rest, v.
Restore, v.
Restrain, f.
Result, s.
Retain, v.
Retard, v.
Retire, v.
Return, v.
QUIT 8
8
8
unir, 8
u Cu/r®, 2
, 8,
, 8,
uthavu.
piriyamayira,
manam illatha.
tangu.
initchara.
nntlii.
nivirtti.
nineivu hur.
eduttu podu,
per.
puthuppi.
vadahei.
vadaheikku edit,
paluthti par.
rnauastaba padu.
8 arivi, terivi.
adakki podu.
r,7 vcndum, kel.
tl oppukodu, vittu
vidu.
kungiliyyam.
iirniani.
, 1 mathi, ganampanriu,
mutchu viduthal.
mutchu vangnthal.
ileipparuthal.
4, ileipparu, 6y.
tirumb kodu.
adakku, tadu.
palan, mudivu.
veittukol.
tadu, niruttu.
2 vilahu, pinnidu.
tirunibu,
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
Reveal, v.
Revenge, s.
Reward, s.
Rheumatism, s.
Riches, s.
Ride, v.
Ridicule, s.
Right, s.
Right, a.
Rigid, a.
Rine, a.
Rise, v.
Rivet, v,
Roar, v.
Rob, v.
Rod, s.
Roll, s.
Roll, y.
Round, s.
Round, pre.
Rouse, v.
Row, s.
Row, s.
Rub, v.
Rude, a.
Ruffian, s.
Rule, s.
Rule, v.
Ruminate, v.
Run, v.
Rush, v.
Rust, s.
I
velipaduttu.
pali.
vehumathi.
vatham.
tiraviyam, asti.
kuthirei eri po.
(0*6^ ninthanei, keli.
^, pa my am, nithi.
fffflujirsvr, niyayamana, saii-
yaua.
madangatha.
pal u fct a.
1 elumbti.
1 kadavu.
1, (Lpt£ 57(5, 1 kerchi, mulaugu.
kalavu sey.
kol, kambu.
surul.
puralu, urulu.
vattam, urundei.
1 sutti, sula.
1, eluppu, tundu, evu.
nirei, varisoi.
V*
kukkural, saiidei.
tudei. tey.
tadittanamulla.
tush tan.
olungu, satfcam.
u, 5 athiharam sey.
j Qun®) 2 asei podu.
1 odu.
, 4 pay.
turu.
<si>Ly
2,
, 1,
140
VOCABULARY;,
S,
Sackcloth, s.
Sacred, a.
Sacrifice, s.
Sadness, s.
Safe, a.
Sale, 8.
Saleable, u.
Salary, s.
Salt, a.
Salvation, s.
Same, a.
Sanction, s.
Sap, s.
Satisfaction,
Save, v.
Say, v.
Scab, s.
Scale, s.
Scanty, a.
Sear, s.
Scarcity, s.
Scarlet, s.
Scatter, v.
Scheme, s,
School, 6'.
Scold, v.
Scoop, v.
Scorched, a.
Scorn, •*,*.
Scorpion, s.
Scour, v.
UBT
, e_a//r,
&ITIJLC,
5, 8
,1,
1,
, 8
8,
4,
iratfu.
tivviya, tiru,
pali,
tukkam, viyahulam.
pattiramana, suha-
iiiaiia.
virpanei.
virka takka.
sambalam.
uppar.a, uvar.
iratohippu.
ore, an tli a.
\*
sammathi, uj^aravu.
saram.
tirupti.
iratchi.
sol, en.
sori.
tirasu.
konja, arpa.
talumbu.
kureichal.
iiattambaram.
sitharu, sitharadL
vahei, ubayam.
palli kucjara.
kobi, kandi.
kudei, a] lipodu.
tlynthu pona.
kureivay ennu.
tfil.
y
teyttu kaluvu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
Scrape, v. *<»«•©, 1
surandu.
Screw, s. jsQ^sirsssft, [<«v5
,1 tiruhcani. [riikku.
Screw, v. ^^^iressfi iiS®} 2, (tp^
y» tiruhamyidu, mit-
Scrofula, S. seysrt—LDirSsv,
kandamalei.
Scull, s. p&vSsutT®,
taleiyodu.
Scum, £. jgjc-toff,
iiurei.
Scurf, s. Q&irtfl,
sori.
Scythe, s. <s£fffifl SUIT sir,
vltcliarival.
Search, v. Q^(B} 1, ^cnnu^ 4
tedu, aray.
Season, s. airsoj?,
kalam.
Secret, s §)ff&&ajt£f
irahasiyani.
Section, s. u™&,
paugu.
Security, s. iS&sat, ggw^«ar,
pinei, jamiu.
See, v. uirir, 8
par.
Seedling, 5. &so:£i>,
kaudu.
Seem, v. Q^n jbpuu®, '2
tofctapadu.
Seize, v. L^, 8, L/^, .8
pidi, pari.
Seldom, cult/. ^jv^oi/SaT unrpfioui.
silavelei mattiram.
Select, v. QjiR.tejS®, 8
terinthedu.
Self, p; -e. pirsir. pirGsar,
tan, taiie.
Sell, -V. effsv), 9
vil.
Send, tj. jy ggu u LJ } 1
anuppu.
Sense, 6-. H<&&,
butti.
Senseless, c(. L^^^U^SOS^IT^J ^.SSSIIT
butti illatha, unar
eijibp,
vatta.
Sensible, a. Lj^^iLjsrr&r,
pufctiyulla.
Sentence, ir. euirsStLiu),
vakkiyam.
Sentence, s. fifuLf,
tirppu.
Separate, ((. ^ ^s&^jS) Qaya/^a;,^?^
JT, tanifcta, vevverana.
Separate, v. iSl.fi, 8
piri.
Series, s. O^/rL_/f^^,
todarclii.
Sermon, s. i$tj#E}3u>)
pirasangam.
Servant, s. Cav^u-a-s/r^rsar,
veleikaran.
Set, v, <weu, 8, /5/rtl®, 2
vei, natlu.
142 -
VOCABULARY.
Settle, v. (act.)
jiff/sgauGuir®, 2 tlrttupcdu.
Settle, v. (neut.)
O^erf?, 4 teii.
Severe, a.
a'-p-izarLciresr, kadinainaim.
Sew, v. .
an,*, 8 tei.
Shadow, £.
/Stp^V, mlal.
Shake, v.
jy«»^, 8 asei.
Shallow, s.
^tpLofip, alamatta.
Shame, s.
Oa;iJL«55LD, ved.k am.
Shape, s.
euLp.'sij) vadivu.
Share, s.
uT<sti, paham.
Sharp, a.
&,_ff)S8)L£>uj irssT , kurmeiyana*
Shatter, v.
gjffssri—ff& s_sroi_, 8 tundaha udei.
Shave, v.
&SIJIILD ussw^3t 1 savarani painui.
She, pro,
^eu^, aval.
Shed, v.
^l.'s^j, I sinthu.
Shell, ,9.
&UL3, g5®, 9sa^ sippi, odu, sangu.
Shelter, s.
gp^7-p@, ^(^^LO, othukku, tan jam.
Shew, v.
«£5/r/_L$, 1 kattu.
Ship, 8.
suuffo, k appal.
Shop, s.
<5£isroL_, kadei.
Short, a.
@Ll€3)i_(L//rsz(r, kutteiyana.
Shout, v.
fjspu> COLJ/T®, 2, «g{*fu sattam podu, ar-
/-//^3 8 pari.
Shrink, v.
^(ff)/Ej(^) 1 surungu.
Shut, v.
^sro^-, 8, ffrr^^i, 1 adei, safctu.
Sick, a.
eS!ujir$5)iLj6iTfffr9 viyathiyulla.
Sickness, s.
e$ujn$, GIB trey, viyathi, novu.
Side, s.
Ljffi^ii, .eSffoir, pakkam, vila.
Sift, v.
0,3^(6$, 1, ^e^?, 8 tellu, sali.
Sign, v.
easQiLJiTuuLc GVHSU, 8 keiyoppam vei.
Sign, s.
^sKL-ujiTemliy adeiyalam.
Silk, s.
utl@, pattu.
Silver, s.
Qaiisnefl, velli.
Simple, a.
QupGnLDiuvm, pethameiyana.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
143
Sin, s.
Since, adi'.
Sincere, a.
Sing, v.
Single, a.
Sink, v.
8it, v.
Site, s.
Slab, s.
Slacken, v.
Slate, *.
Slave, s.
Sleep, s.
Sleep, v.
Slice, s.
Slide, v.
Slim, a.
Slink, v.
Slip, v.
Slit, -y.
Slow, a.
Slowly, adv.
Smash, v.
Smell, v.
Smoke, s.
Smoke, v.
Smoothness, s.
Snake, s.
Snap, v.
Snare, s.
Snatch, v.
Sneeze, v.
Snuff, s.
LJ/T®, 1
N-^LU.
&iM,
.**<
@t_/£,
?, 4, 8
Gutr, 1
pa vain.
athu muthal, atharku
pinbu.
unmeiyulla.
pad u.
ondiyana, ottei.
1 amil, aniiltu.
udkaru.
idarn.
kal tahadu,
^»
nehilf.u.
karpalahei.
adimei.
5 tukkain, iiittirei.
6 tungu, iiittirei sey.
slva.
sari.
mellisana.
olittu po.
tavaru.
klru.
tamathaniaua.
metlmvay.
G/5/z9, 8, Oisir^vs^j ] neri, norukku.
urrir, 8 monthu par.
puh<?i.
puhei kudi.
miruthu.
pambu.
8 udei, teri.
kanni.
pari.
tummu.
mukku till.
, 8
, 4,
U/S, 8
1-14
VOCABULARY.
Snuff, v.
So, ado.
Soak, V. (ad.) earpeasu, 8,
Soak, v. (neat.) eszjp, .1
Sober, a.
Socket, s.
Soft, a.
Soiled, a.
Solitary, a.
Some, a.
Somebody, s.
Somehow, adv.
Something, s.
Sometimes, adv.
Somewhat, adv.
Somewhere, adv.
Song, s.
Soon, adv.
Soothe, v. $,FJy9 1
Sop, V. Q^ITCLJ) S,
Sore, 8. USSST,
Sorrow, s.
Sot, s.
Soul, s.
Sound, s.
Sour, a.
Sow, v.
Space, s.
Span, s.
Spare, v. eS®, 2,
Sparkle, v.
Speak, i\
Spear, s.
LJfffTUfffT LJUITUJ
Gu&, 1,
till urinju.
appadi, ippndi.
LI, 8 Qra vei. toy.
v*
urn.
veri illatha.
kudu
methuvana,
linrneiyana.
tanimeiyana.
sila, koivja.
aravnthu.
eppadiyavatliu.
etlio.
sila ve lei
sattu.
en gey o.
pattu.
sikkiram.
attu.
S toy, tuvei.
pun.
tukkam.
kudiharan.
attuma.
sattam, osei.
pulippana.
vithei.
id am, veli.
sau, san alavu.
LDITLI virlu, manni, inappu
sey.
jr0i, Ipalapalappay minnu.
pesu, soil u.
OTHER USEFUL WOKDS.
145
Speck, s. Lyorerf?, ses3ff} LDfr&r,
pulli, karei, masu.
Speed, s, eS&nir&j,
vireivu.
Spend, v. Qfe\)*uL$} 8
selavali.
Spider, s. £*>*£,
silanthi.
Spill, r. £#.£7, 1
sinthu.
Spin, r. ./STTSV), 7
nul.
Spirits, s. fffTniriuLD,
sarayam.
Split, r. ^, 9
pila.
Spoil, p. 0«®, 2, jjr^, S
kedu, ali.
Spot, S. Lyswert},
pulli.
Spread, £. («eu£.) LJBLL\-\, 1, «fl<fl, 1
parambu, vii i.
Spread, v. (ac/.) UITULJ, 1, ciD/fl, 4, 8
parappu, viri.
Spring, s. es£./bjpiy eSvof,
uttu, visei.
Spring, v- escj», 1, LJ/TUJ. 4
uru, pay:
Sprinkle, v. O^crB, 8
bill.
Sprout, i\ G£^5Tr> 8, jS&Rir, 8
mulei, talir.
Square, s. ^^^LO,
sathuram.
Squeeze, r. ^9^9, 1
pili.
Stain, v. &e6>iruu(Bj&t 1
kareipadufctu.
Stake, 6\ siLGippfl, ^.<s^t
kattutari, kuni.
Stake, v. &.&$ jytf , 8
kOui adi.
Stammer, v. @&&lu Gu&, 1
tikki pesu.
Stamp, t\ 6(9,^, 8
mithi.
Stand, v. /§^>jiif, 7, /^^, 7
nillu, nil.
Start, v. L/^UU®, 2
purapadu.
State, ?'. Of/lev, 1, eSuifl^jia'p
sol, vibarittu sol.
Station, s. fSeteaLD, ®t_t/>,
nilamei, id am,
e.,4p(2^/r«^,
uttiyoham.
Stay, t?. P'HtS), 1
tangu.
Steal, t\ sffrr&i Qffiu, 5
kalavu sey.
Steam, s. £ffire8t
niravi.
Steel, 61. s-O'®©^
urukku.
19
146
VOCABULAUY.
GUtLj,
Stem, s.
Stick, s.
Stiff, a.
Stillness, s.
Sting, &'.
Stink, s.
Stir, v.
Stone, s,
Stoop, -v.
Stop, v.
Stop, r.
Story, s.' (talc)
Story., s. (oja house)$LL®
Stout, a.
Straight, a,
Strain, i\
Strange, a.
Stray, v.
Stretch, v.
Stretch, v.
Strict, a.
Strife, s.
Strike, r.
String, s.
Strip, s.
Strip, t'.
Strip, v.
Strong, a.
Struggle, r.
Sturdy, a.
Subdue, r.
} 1,
„ 1
QUIT, 1, /£<g5,
£LL®, 1 , 6$,fl,
8,
, 8
kambu,kathir,tand u.
kambu, tadi.
vireitta, vaseiatha.
ameithal, mavuuam,
kodukku.
nattam.
kalakku, turidu.
kal.
kuni.
nil, tari.
niruttu, tadu.
kathei.
tattu, mettei.
parutta, pushdiulla.
neraua.
»*
vadikatfu.
anniya, navaniana.
valitappu.
po ullu.
inttu, viri.
kandippana.
sandei,vakkuvathani.
adi, arei.
niil, kayiru.
valam, turidu.
valam, kili,
tuni uri.
ellam pidungu.
balamulla.
xnallukattu, tuditudi,
>* * ^
(adifcta.
arlakkui
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
147
Submit, r.
«^'i_®(3, 1 adangu.
Subside, v.
pesoft, 4, jyaou>} 4 tani, amei.
Substance, s.
Qcj/r0srr, Qfir^^j, porul, sottu.
Substract, f.
#:$, 3 kali.
Succeed, v.
Sl^fiujtr®, 1 sittiyahu.
Sucb, «.
^uuLpuUiLL-, appadipatta.
Suck, v.
uirsv o^f, S pal kudi.
Suddenly, adv.
ff®@iuirdj, sadutbiyay.
Suffer, v.
un® u®, 2, fSy 8 padu padu, sahi.
Sugar-cane, s.
«0i/>L/, karumbu.
Suitable, a.
g&jsiajtT&fr, tahutbiyana.
Sum, s-
QjSirens, tohei.
Sunrise, s.
JMtf+^ptuu), arunotbayam.
Sunset, s.
j|fcw^Lo«rLo, astatnanam.
Superior, a.
(7toaJjr«r, melana.
Superior, s.
Qu)^ IT ear eusisr, melanavan.
Supple, a.
ggjofr&sLcirsyr, ilakkamana.
Support, s.
piraa@t ^^ff®], ^angi, atbaravu.
Support, v.
•sir/nig, 1, «^-^//?, 8 tangu, atbari.
Sure, a.
/8ffftuLDiTS3ri nitcbayamana.
Survey, v.
/^tfo/i jycrr, 9 nilam ala.
Suspect, v.
eiiQf&uu®, 2 santbehapadu.
Swallow, v.
e&ZLftEJlvj, 1 vilungu.
Swarm, s.
$ffeir} Gn.iLL—u), tiral, kuttam.
Swarm, v.
QiDinu, 8 nioy.
Swear, v.
^^aaraS®, 2, fp@uju> arieiyiclu, sattiyam
uszw-cp, I panriu.
Swear, v.
&r €$•&$, 8, <FL$, 8 tusbani; sabi.
Sweat, s.
C^BrroM/j vervei.
S weep, v.
Qu(nj&.'3j} 1, «. L!®, 1 perukku kuttu.
Sweet, a.
fiffsluuircir, g$6>fluj, tittippana, iniya.
Swell, v.
<s^©(5, 1, Ou0(^, 1 vlngu, peruhu.
Swim, v.
/f/p^r, 1 mntbu.
148
VOCABULARY.
Sword, s.
Symptom,
System, s.
Tail, s.
Take, v.
Talk, v.
Tall, a.
Tame, a.
Tap, v.
Tar, s.
Task, s,
Tax, s.
Tea, s.
Teach, v.
Teacher, s.
Tear, s,
Tear, v.
Teem, v.
Tell, v.
Temper, A
Temperance, 5.
Tempt, v.
Tenacious, a,
Tenant, s.
Tend, v.
Tender, a.
Tenfold, adv.
Tenon, 8.
Tent, 8.
Term, s.
T,
w®, 8, ey/r/n? 25, 1
^LOU/TC$, 8, Qu&, 1
firjpeutrevr,
<2u/r, 1
M,
i9t$.euirf(y)&r0ir9
pattayam, ka&i,
kuri.
olungu.
val.
edu, vangu.
sambashi, pesu.
nediya, netteiana.
sathuvana.
tattu.
kil, tar.
kuritta velei.
vari, tlrvei.
/f, te ilei, te tannir.
pothi, padippi.
vatti, pothikkiravan.
kanriir.
kili, pirn,
nireivay iru, palu-
hi po.
sol, arivi.
gunam.
nithanam, adakkam.
sothi.
pidivathamulla.
vatteikku edutiavan.
adu madu mey.
ilasana.
pattu madangay.
kalunthu.
kudaram.
tavanei
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
149
Terms, s.
Terrace, s.
Terrify, v.
Test, s.
' Testimony, s.
Than, con.
That, con.
That, pro.
Theft, s.
Then, adv.
Thence, adv.
There, adv.
Therefore, con.
Thick, a.
Thief, S. sstreuireif)
Thin, a. OLoetffff^j,
Think, v. <$&*, 8
Thirst, s.
Thong, s.
Thorn, s.
Thorough, a.
Thoroughly, adv. KsofftyiL, <ipp
Thou, pro. /£,
Thought, s. iS&srey, ®iifi2ssr,
Thrashing floor, s. <&etru>,
Thread, 5. jarco,
Threat, v. ^'•^(^PJJ'^F^?, 1
Thrive, v.
Throb, v. &i+t 8, jyip, 8
Through, adv. egrr£i_,
Throughout, adv. erniQib,
oppantha vibarangal .
tarisu.
bay a paduttu.
sothanei, paritchei.
satchi.
ilum, parkkiluin.
endu, ena.
a, athu, antha.
kalavu, tiruttu.
appothu. [muthal.
, athilirunthu, athu-
«•
ff», ange, avvidattil.
aheial.
kanatta, adarntha,
kattiyana.
kajavali, tirudan.
mellia.
ninei.
taham.
var.
mill.
buraria, tlrntha.
nanday, muttilum.
iii.
nineivu, sinthanei.
kalam.
nul.
bayamuru£tu.
, 9, seli, semamayiru,
5,1, selippayuridahu.
tudi, adi.
:le, uruva, al.
150
VOCABULARY.
Throw, v.
sy9, 4 eri.
Thrust, v.
£<&(&$, 1, /§«g, tallu, nikku,
Thrust, v.
($fi&, 1; utnL&&, 1 kufciu, paytehu.
Thus, adv.
$uutf.tg)s#aic»0:t$9d) ippadi, iuthavaheyil.
Thyself, pro.
jgpirGeor, EI taue.
Ticket, s.
&1®, Bifru.
Tie, v.
ail®, 1, (zp^f , 8 kattu, mudi.
Tiger, s.
&®&jifiii, 4*^1 kacluvay, pull.
Tight, a.
$)£»£lear, iruhina.
Till, a<Zy.
eussiSiLiLa^ LDLLQtPj varciuin, mattum.
Timber, 5.
i£ffu>, niaram.
Tin, s.
&a>DLLy tahararu.
Tire, v.
g)Sar^^u(Ju<r, 1 ileittu po.
Title, s.
ULLL-t±, Guir} patfam, per.
To, p'o.
(^} Qt—jifeo, ku, id a till.
Together, adv.
«ffiLL_, gj(5j9«5tf; [i-l^f, kuda, orumikka.
Tomato, s.
p&afreffi, ULL&Di— Qau takkali, rattei veiti.
To-night, adv.
^SST^JJ @j-ffl&«o, indu iravil,
£j£svi £u ffir^fiifiijSiev, iudu rattiriyil.
Too, con.
e.//), .^.u., urn, kuda.
Tool, s.
«G5«$, <g,u-j£LD, karuvi, ayutham.
Top, s.
QL2IBU&&LD, GiLpsLi. niel pakkam, met
*•£ G0^? katti mudi.
Torch, s.
j^Qa/tlif, ti vetti.
Torrent, s.
iGffffLLt-jj>y f§ n uutriu inr ottam, nir pay-
^<?si), dial.
Toss, v.
wff, 4, «gy^v, 8 ^sro^jS eri, alei, asei.
Total, s.
G^/r«D<5?, tohei.
Totter, v.
PSTTLQI-I, 1, t$sirerrir®, 1 talambu, talladu.
Touch, v.
0^/r®, 2 todu.
Tough, a.
eLffQ^srrfffTy uramulla.
Toward, adv.
Gf5oti£t iieraha.
Tower, s.
G&iruinJD, koburam.
Trace, s.
Trace, y.
Track, s.
Trade, 5.
Train, -s.
Train, v.
Trample, v.
Transfer, v.
Translate, c
Trap, s.
Travel, v.
Traverse, v.
Treasure, s.
Treat, v.
Treat, v.
Tremble, v.
Trench, s.
Trespass, v.
Trial, s.
Triangle, .s.
Trick, s.
Trickle, v.
Trifle, s.
Trigger, s.
Trivial, a.
Trouble, 8.
Trough, s.
True, a.
Trumpet, s.
, 1,
, 8
8, QoS/rsaw®
ULj, 1
OTHER USEFUL WORDS. lol
eo$*(§fS) vali kuri.
pin todar.
Su tadam, suvadu, kattu
pathei.
st, viyabaram, tolil.
/r, puhei vandi todar.
1, palakku, vasakku,
pndippi.
, 1 mithi.
kodu, koTidu po.
tiruppu.
pori, patteiyam.
pay an am po.
kadanthu po.
pokkisliam.
nadattu.
marunthu par.
nadungu.
vaykal.
nulei.
visaranei, sothanei,
mukkonam.
tirukku, ettu.
vadi.
sorpam, arpa kari-
3Tam.
visei.
arpa. [vu.
sangadam, tonthara-
tot.fci, pafctal.
meyyana, nisamana.
vanga.
1
utrir, S
, Qfir<f3osr,
31IBU&&IT
&/EJ3L-.LD
VOCABULARY.
Trust, s.
Trust, v.
Try, v.
Tube, s.
Tuck, v.
Tuft, ,9.
Tumour, s,
Tune, s.
Turban, s.
Twice, adv.
Twilight, s.
Twin, s.
Twist, v.
Twofold, adv.
Type, s.
Udder, s.
Ugly, a.
Ulcer, s.
Unable, a.
Uncleanness. s.
Uncommon, v.
Uncover, v.
Under, pre.
Undergo, v.
Underground, ct.
Underhand, a.
Understand, v.
} 2
, 8,
u.
LO®,
&
fi tSl err 6&3L'
67®, 8
S<?0>,
u®, 2
nambikkei.
nambu.
v*
pirayasapadu,
sothi.
kulal.
padi, soruhu.
kudumbi, kondeik-
katteij mudi.
kattu, paru.
iraham.
taleipa.
irandu tharam,
irandu visei,
santhi velitoham.
irattei pillei.
tiri, murukku.
irandu madaugay.
atohu.
pasu madu.
avalatcliariamana.
iranam, pilavei.
kudatha. iyalatha.
asuttam.
viseshamana, apur-
vamana.
edu.
kile.
padu.
pumikku kilana.
antharangamulla,
kabadamujla.
ari vilangu, tori.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
153
Undertake, v.
Underwood, s.
Undo, i\
Undress, v.
Unequal, a.
Uneven, a.
Unfair, a.
Unfit, a.
Unfold, v.
Unfortunate, a.
Unfruitful, a.
Ungrateful, a.
Unhurt> a.
Uniform, a.
Union, s.
Unite, v. (act.)
Unite, v. (neut.
Universal, a.
Unjust, a.
Unknown, a.
Unlawful, a.
Unlike, a.
Unnatural, a.
Unpack, v.
Unroll, v.
Unsaddle, y.
Unsafe, a.
Unscrew, v.
Unsold, «.,
6T®,
SIT®,
, 1,
, 1
LOIT6BT
, 8
, erpadu, ettukol.
edu.
siru kadu.
avil.
uduppu kalattu.
vifctiyasamana.
karadu muradana.
nniyayamana.
elatha, tahatlia.
viri.
sitti peratha,
kani kodatha.
nandi ketta.
j setbam illatha, se-
thapadatha.
betham illatha.
eikkiyam.
, S poruttu, isei.
porunthu.
engumulla.
anithiulla,
aria padatha.
sattafctukku virotLa-
mana.
, ottiratha- [mana.
iyalbukku virotha-
gjcSltjpp tiranthedu, aviltte-
" clu,
viri.
, 8 senam kalattu.
, RLZU pattiramillatha,nam
ba idam illatha.
tirukarii kalattu.
, villathn/vileiyahath ^
20
154
VOCABULARY.
Unusual, a.
Up, adv.
Upon, pre. QioQe\)
Upper, a.
Upside, s.
Upside down, adv.
Upward, adv.
Urge, v.
Usage, s.
Use, v.
Useful, a.
Utmost, a.
Utmost, s.
Utter, v.
Utterly, adv.
ITS
Qfirsv, 1
valakkam illatha.
uyara* mele,
mele.
melana.
mel pakkam.
kilathu rnelathalia.
uyara, mele.
evu.
valakkam.
), 1 valanguj keiyadu.
pirayosanamulla.
, kadeisij'ana, athiha.
iyanda mattum.
sol.
muttilum.
Vacancy, s.
Vaccinate, v.
Vagabond, s.
Vain, a.
Vanish, vt
Vapour, s,
Vast, a.
Vehicle, s.
Veil, ,9.
Venom, s.
Verdure, s.
Verse, s.
Vertebra, s.
Very, adv.
Vessel, s.
Vex, v.
V.
eo6i/(^'f? (gi^^j
LDQDJD, 4
U QuifilLI,
3} suuev,
ideiveli, kali.
veisiiri kuttu.
pokkiri.
vinana.
vilei, kirayam.
marei.
kanaL
athiba periya.
vahanam.
mukkadu.
visham.
pasumei, pasum pul,
vakkiyam, kavi.
muthuhelumbu.
mihavum, metta.
pattiram, kappal.
visanapaduttu.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
Vice, s.
Vice, s.
View, s.
Vile, a.
Violence, s.
Virtue, s.
Visit, v.
Vivid, a.
Voice, s.
Vow, s.
Wade, v.
Wages, s.
Wait, v.
Wake, v. (neut.)
Wake, v. (act.)
Walk, v.
Want, v.
War, s.
Warm, a.
Warm, v.
Wash, v.
Wasp, s.
Waste, v.
Watch, 5.
Watch, v.
Water, s.
Water, v.
Wave, s.
Wax, 5.
pollangu, timmark-
kam.
pidittiravi.
tdttam, katchi.
pollatha. [mei.
', balavantharn, kodu-
sarkunam.
santhi. [na.
, athiha, pirahasama-
sattam, kural.
poru&anei, netti.
w.
rsL-, 9 tannlrukkul nada.
killi, sambalam.
kattiru.
elumbu.
eluppu,
nada.
«•
, 9, (?a/ teveiyay iru, ven-
>, (def.)
GffUJ&ffr, 1
iru,
dum.
sandei, yuttam.
analulla;
kaytchu.
kaluvu.
kulavi.
Yinay chelavali.
kadiyaram.
kaval ka.
ta^nlr, jalam.
nir paytchu,
alei.
meluhu.
156
Weak, a,
Wealth, s,
Wear, v.
Weave, v.
Wedge, s.
Weep, v.
Weigh, v.
Weight, *.
Welcome, vt
Well, adv.
Wellnigh, adv.
Wet, a.
What, pro.
When, adv.
Whence, adv.
Whenever, adv.
Where, adv.
Whereas, adv.
Whereby, adv.
Wherefore, con.
Wherefore, adv.
Wherever, adv.
Which, pro.
While, adv.
Whirl, v.
Whisper, v.
White, a.
Who, pro.
Whoever, pro.
Whole, a.
Wholly, adv.
Wicked, a.
VOCABULARY.
QUIT®, 2, Gptu, 4
(L/, 5
4Wi
OTffl/SW
, 6,
IUIT/T
belavina, belavina-
mana.
asti.
podu, tey,
ney.
appu.
8 karmir vidu, alu.
niru,
nirei, barani.
ettu kol.
nanday.
konjam kureiya.
Iramana, naueintha.
enna, ethuvo.
eppothu.
engirunthu.
eppoluthanalum.
, enge, evvidattil.
pndiyal.
ethinal, athinal.
aheial, athalal.
ennattukkaha.
engeyahilum.
ethu, even, eval.
poluthu.
sulalu, suttu.
1 kathukkul sollu.
, vellei, veljeiyana.
yar, ar.
yaranalum.
ellam, mulu.
muluthuniay, mutti-
lum.
pollatha.
OTHER USEFUL WORDS.
157
Wide, a.
jf s es LL IT ear } 6$&nev alialamaiia, visala-
Lonevr, [«BT, mana. [na.
Wild, a.
«/Til@, gaopt—, <s/rt_/r kattu, tushda, kada-
Will, s.
^^^^r, sittam.
Wine, s.
$inrLL& ffffu), tiratcha rasam.
Wing, s.
^/P®, sirahu.
Winnow, v.
L/s»i_, 8 pudei.
Wipe, v.
^aot-, 8 tudei.
Wire, s.
«^«-9, kambi.
Wish, v.
eSt^di-i, 1 virurnbu.
AVith; £>r#.
^sv, Q&irem®, &>.L-y al, kondu, kuda,
e_L>€3r, |B®; udan, odu.
Within, pre.
e-ehGffrr, ulle.
Without, pre.
£iffVG$tru.6$, allamal.
Witness, s.
&IJLL&, satchi.
Witness, v.
&ITLL® Q^/r^j^j 1 satehi sollu.
Witness, v.
u/r/f, 8 par.
Word, s.
euiriTf£6S)^, varttei*
Work, s.
Quu3sv9 velei.
Work, v.
(?&•&> Q<<FUJ, 5 yelei sey.
Worm, s.
z^(z^, pulu.
Worship, v.
Qpirty, 5 tolu.
Worthy, a.
urrpfsiffLDfrGBr, pafctiramana.
Wrap, v.
&?£»> 1, SL®?&} I suttu, udufctu, por.
(?uff/f, 8
Wring, v.
(y«2i/«@, 1, ^(rj^, 1 murukku, tiruhu.
Write, v.
GQg&t 1 eluthu.
Wrong, a.
^ujJ^Lo/r^ar, Q«ZL!L-, tappithamana, ketta.
Y.
Yard, s.
(Lp>bjDu>t rauttam.
Yawn, v.
Q&iTL-L-nfS! flS?®, '2 kottavi idiu
Yellow, s.
tL{g£&sfr} manjal.
Yet, adv.
@«3rcwu). innaru.
153 VOCABULARY.
Yet, con. 4K@)£»">» analum.
Yield, v. Qs/r®, 8, gDararffi/o, 1 kodu, inangu.
Yon, a. W®@PP) angutta.
Yonder, adv. jfcjcSt—jfcn, avvidattil.
You, pro. /f, fimssir, DI, inngal.
Young, s. O^^f, @^<9?, seysrjp, kutti, kunju> kandu.
Young, a.
Z
Zeal, s. GuuSfftT3i&uju>, vayirakkiyam.
Zigzag, cc. Gsirzvsrffi), (os/rssweo/rsBr, koiial, konalana.
tutta nahara.
ENGAGEMENT OF COOLIES.
159
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